7 CFR 1434.15 - Personal liability..

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) The producer and CCC agree that it will be difficult, if not impossible, to prove the amount of... removed by CCC, containing mercurial compounds or other substances poisonous to humans, animals, or food...

7 CFR 1434.15 - Personal liability..

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) The producer and CCC agree that it will be difficult, if not impossible, to prove the amount of... removed by CCC, containing mercurial compounds or other substances poisonous to humans, animals, or food...

7 CFR 1434.15 - Personal liability..

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) The producer and CCC agree that it will be difficult, if not impossible, to prove the amount of... removed by CCC, containing mercurial compounds or other substances poisonous to humans, animals, or food...

Harmonising Nursing Terminologies Using a Conceptual Framework.

PubMed

Jansen, Kay; Kim, Tae Youn; Coenen, Amy; Saba, Virginia; Hardiker, Nicholas

2016-01-01

The International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®) and the Clinical Care Classification (CCC) System are standardised nursing terminologies that identify discrete elements of nursing practice, including nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes. While CCC uses a conceptual framework or model with 21 Care Components to classify these elements, ICNP, built on a formal Web Ontology Language (OWL) description logic foundation, uses a logical hierarchical framework that is useful for computing and maintenance of ICNP. Since the logical framework of ICNP may not always align with the needs of nursing practice, an informal framework may be a more useful organisational tool to represent nursing content. The purpose of this study was to classify ICNP nursing diagnoses using the 21 Care Components of the CCC as a conceptual framework to facilitate usability and inter-operability of nursing diagnoses in electronic health records. Findings resulted in all 521 ICNP diagnoses being assigned to one of the 21 CCC Care Components. Further research is needed to validate the resulting product of this study with practitioners and develop recommendations for improvement of both terminologies.

Measuring and improving student engagement in clinical training.

PubMed

Lee, Simin; Valtis, Yannis K; Jun, Tomi; Wang, David; Zhang, Biqi; Chung, Esther H; Yu, Amy; Williams, Rachael; Cohen, Marya J

2018-01-01

Volunteer service learning activities, including Student Run Clinics (SRCs), are becoming an increasingly popular extracurricular component of medical education. While there are reports that student clinicians generally enjoy their educational experiences at SRCs, it is not understood how to optimize and measure student engagement in them. To identify key drivers of student engagement a tool was created to measure volunteer experience at the Crimson Care Collaborative (CCC), a primary care SRC. CCC volunteers were asked to complete an online engagement survey. Cross-sectional survey data were collected for 149 CCC volunteers (53% response rate). Multivariate linear regression showed that overall 'likelihood to recommend CCC to a friend' was significantly associated with students' perception of the clarity of their role within the clinic, frequency of interprofessional interactions, and overall quality of medical education. Students who volunteer more frequently and for longer periods of time had higher engagement scores. Measuring engagement is feasible in volunteer settings. Engagement appears to be dependent on both structural and experiential components. Easily modifiable components of job design (role definition, expected frequency of volunteering), are key drivers of volunteer engagement.

An easy-to-use calculating machine to simulate steady state and non-steady-state preparative separations by multiple dual mode counter-current chromatography with semi-continuous loading of feed mixtures.

PubMed

Kostanyan, Artak E; Shishilov, Oleg N

2018-06-01

Multiple dual mode counter-current chromatography (MDM CCC) separation processes with semi-continuous large sample loading consist of a succession of two counter-current steps: with "x" phase (first step) and "y" phase (second step) flow periods. A feed mixture dissolved in the "x" phase is continuously loaded into a CCC machine at the beginning of the first step of each cycle over a constant time with the volumetric rate equal to the flow rate of the pure "x" phase. An easy-to-use calculating machine is developed to simulate the chromatograms and the amounts of solutes eluted with the phases at each cycle for steady-state (the duration of the flow periods of the phases is kept constant for all the cycles) and non-steady-state (with variable duration of alternating phase elution steps) separations. Using the calculating machine, the separation of mixtures containing up to five components can be simulated and designed. Examples of the application of the calculating machine for the simulation of MDM CCC processes are discussed. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Work Plan: Phase II Investigation at the Former CCC/USDA Grain Storage Facility in Montgomery City, Missouri

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, Lorraine M

From September 1949 until September 1966, the Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA) leased property at the southeastern end of Montgomery City, Missouri, for the operation of a grain storage facility. During this time, commercial grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were commonly used by the CCC/USDA and the private grain storage industry to preserve grain in their facilities.

Dose-response related efficacy in orthostatic hypotension of a fixed combination of D-camphor and an extract from fresh crataegus berries and the contribution of the single components.

PubMed

Belz, Gustav Georg; Loew, Dieter

2003-01-01

Independent, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled studies using sublingual/oral administration of D-camphor, an extract from fresh crataegus berries, and a combination of the two (CCC) yielded the following results: Both the D-camphor and the extract from fresh crataegus berries, the components of CCC, contribute to the pressoric effects of the combination. The underlying hemodynamic mechanisms can be attributed to an increase in total peripheral resistance induced by an increased tone of the arterioles with both components and the effect of crataegus is intensified by an additional direct positive action on cardiac performance. Conceivably, the D-camphor component is the main factor in inducing the rapid initial effect, whereas the extract from fresh crataegus berries adds a long-lasting effect. For CCC, a dose-dependent increase in supine blood pressure and prevention of orthostatic fall in blood pressure following tilt table-induced orthostasis in patients with orthostatic dysregulation was demonstrated as well. The effect revealed a very rapid onset of action within 1 min following administration, confirming the traditional use in emergency situations such as orthostatic (pre)syncope. Thus, these studies show that CCC, depending on the pressoric activity of its two mono-components, exerts a significant effect that counteracts an orthostatic fall in blood pressure and thereby provides a rationale for its application that reemphasizes the decades-long usefulness of this phyto-combination.

The role of host DNA ligases in hepadnavirus covalently closed circular DNA formation

PubMed Central

Long, Quanxin; Yan, Ran; Hu, Jieli; Cai, Dawei; Kim, Elena S.; Zhang, Hu; Liu, Yuanjie

2017-01-01

Hepadnavirus covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA is the bona fide viral transcription template, which plays a pivotal role in viral infection and persistence. Upon infection, the non-replicative cccDNA is converted from the incoming and de novo synthesized viral genomic relaxed circular (rc) DNA, presumably through employment of the host cell’s DNA repair mechanisms in the nucleus. The conversion of rcDNA into cccDNA requires preparation of the extremities at the nick/gap regions of rcDNA for strand ligation. After screening 107 cellular DNA repair genes, we herein report that the cellular DNA ligase (LIG) 1 and 3 play a critical role in cccDNA formation. Ligase inhibitors or functional knock down/out of LIG1/3 significantly reduced cccDNA production in an in vitro cccDNA formation assay, and in cccDNA-producing cells without direct effect on viral core DNA replication. In addition, transcomplementation of LIG1/3 in the corresponding knock-out or knock-down cells was able to restore cccDNA formation. Furthermore, LIG4, a component in non-homologous end joining DNA repair apparatus, was found to be responsible for cccDNA formation from the viral double stranded linear (dsl) DNA, but not rcDNA. In conclusion, we demonstrate that hepadnaviruses utilize the whole spectrum of host DNA ligases for cccDNA formation, which sheds light on a coherent molecular pathway of cccDNA biosynthesis, as well as the development of novel antiviral strategies for treatment of hepatitis B. PMID:29287110

Mixed Compound of DCPTA and CCC Increases Maize Yield by Improving Plant Morphology and Up-Regulating Photosynthetic Capacity and Antioxidants.

PubMed

Wang, Yongchao; Gu, Wanrong; Xie, Tenglong; Li, Lijie; Sun, Yang; Zhang, He; Li, Jing; Wei, Shi

2016-01-01

DCPTA (2-diethylaminoethyl-3, 4-dichlorophenylether) and CCC (2-chloroethyltrimethyl- ammonium chloride) have a great effect on maize growth, but applying DCPTA individually can promote the increase of plant height, resulting in the rise of lodging percent. Plant height and lodging percent decrease in CCC-treated plants, but the accumulation of biomass reduce, resulting in yield decrease. Based on the former experiments, the performance of a mixture which contained 40 mg DCPTA and 20 mg CCC as active ingredients per liter of solution, called PCH was tested with applying 40mg/L DCPTA and 20mg/L CCC individually. Grain yield, yield components, internode characters, leaf area per plant, plant height and lodging percent as well as chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, enzymatic antioxidants, membranous peroxide and organic osmolyte were analyzed in two years (2011 and 2012), using maize hybrid, Zhengdan 958 (ZD 958) at density of 6.75 plants m-2. CCC, DCPTA and PCH were sprayed on the whole plant leaves at 7 expanded leaves stage and water was used as control. Compared to control, PCH significantly increased grain yield (by 9.53% and 6.68%) from 2011 to 2012. CCC significantly decreased kernel number per ear (by 6.78% and 5.69%) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) (by 8.57% and 6.55%) from 2011 to 2012. Kernel number per ear and TKW increased in DCPTA-treated and PCH-treated plants, but showed no significant difference between them. In CCC-treated and PCH-treated plants, internode length and plant height decreased, internode diameter increased, resulting in the significant decline of lodging percent. With DCPTA application, internode diameter increased, but internode length and plant height increased at the same time, resulting in the augment of lodging percent. Bending strength and puncture strength were increased by applying different plant growth regulators (PGRs). In PCH-treated plants, bending strength and puncture strength were greater than other treatments. Compared to control, the bending strength of 3rd internode was increased by 14.47% in PCH-treated plants in 2011, increased by 18.40% in 2012, and the difference was significant. Puncture strength of 1st, 3rd and 5th internode was increased by 37.25%, 29.17% and 26.09% in 2011 and 34.04%, 25% and 23.68% in 2012, compared to control. Leaf area and dry weight per plant reduced significantly in CCC-treated plants, increased in DCPTA-treated and PCH-treated plants from 2011 to 2012. Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence improved with CCC and DCPTA application. Due to the additive effect of DCPTA and CCC, PCH showed the significant effect on chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence. Compared to control, total enzyme activity (SOD, POD, CAT, APX and GR) and soluble protein content increased, malonaldehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content reduced in PCH-treated plants. The transportation of soluble sugar from leaf to kernel improved significantly at the late silking stage. The research provided the way for the further use of DCPTA and CCC into the production practice.

Mixed Compound of DCPTA and CCC Increases Maize Yield by Improving Plant Morphology and Up-Regulating Photosynthetic Capacity and Antioxidants

PubMed Central

Wang, Yongchao; Gu, Wanrong; Xie, Tenglong; Li, Lijie; Sun, Yang; Zhang, He; Li, Jing; Wei, Shi

2016-01-01

DCPTA (2-diethylaminoethyl-3, 4-dichlorophenylether) and CCC (2-chloroethyltrimethyl- ammonium chloride) have a great effect on maize growth, but applying DCPTA individually can promote the increase of plant height, resulting in the rise of lodging percent. Plant height and lodging percent decrease in CCC-treated plants, but the accumulation of biomass reduce, resulting in yield decrease. Based on the former experiments, the performance of a mixture which contained 40 mg DCPTA and 20 mg CCC as active ingredients per liter of solution, called PCH was tested with applying 40mg/L DCPTA and 20mg/L CCC individually. Grain yield, yield components, internode characters, leaf area per plant, plant height and lodging percent as well as chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, enzymatic antioxidants, membranous peroxide and organic osmolyte were analyzed in two years (2011 and 2012), using maize hybrid, Zhengdan 958 (ZD 958) at density of 6.75 plants m-2. CCC, DCPTA and PCH were sprayed on the whole plant leaves at 7 expanded leaves stage and water was used as control. Compared to control, PCH significantly increased grain yield (by 9.53% and 6.68%) from 2011 to 2012. CCC significantly decreased kernel number per ear (by 6.78% and 5.69%) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) (by 8.57% and 6.55%) from 2011 to 2012. Kernel number per ear and TKW increased in DCPTA-treated and PCH-treated plants, but showed no significant difference between them. In CCC-treated and PCH-treated plants, internode length and plant height decreased, internode diameter increased, resulting in the significant decline of lodging percent. With DCPTA application, internode diameter increased, but internode length and plant height increased at the same time, resulting in the augment of lodging percent. Bending strength and puncture strength were increased by applying different plant growth regulators (PGRs). In PCH-treated plants, bending strength and puncture strength were greater than other treatments. Compared to control, the bending strength of 3rd internode was increased by 14.47% in PCH-treated plants in 2011, increased by 18.40% in 2012, and the difference was significant. Puncture strength of 1st, 3rd and 5th internode was increased by 37.25%, 29.17% and 26.09% in 2011 and 34.04%, 25% and 23.68% in 2012, compared to control. Leaf area and dry weight per plant reduced significantly in CCC-treated plants, increased in DCPTA-treated and PCH-treated plants from 2011 to 2012. Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence improved with CCC and DCPTA application. Due to the additive effect of DCPTA and CCC, PCH showed the significant effect on chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence. Compared to control, total enzyme activity (SOD, POD, CAT, APX and GR) and soluble protein content increased, malonaldehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content reduced in PCH-treated plants. The transportation of soluble sugar from leaf to kernel improved significantly at the late silking stage. The research provided the way for the further use of DCPTA and CCC into the production practice. PMID:26872260

Do End-of-Rotation and End-of-Shift Assessments Inform Clinical Competency Committees’ (CCC) Decisions?

PubMed Central

Regan, Linda; Cope, Leslie; Omron, Rodney; Bright, Leah; Bayram, Jamil D.

2018-01-01

Introduction Clinical Competency Committees (CCC) require reliable, objective data to inform decisions regarding assignment of milestone proficiency levels, which must be reported to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. After the development of two new assessment methods, the end-of-shift (EOS) assessment and the end-of-rotation (EOR) assessment, we sought to evaluate their performance. We report data on the concordance between these assessments, as well as how each informs the final proficiency level determined in biannual CCC meetings. We hypothesized that there would be a high concordance level between the two assessment methods, including concordance of both the EOS and EOR with the final proficiency level designation by the CCC. Methods The residency program is an urban academic four-year emergency medicine residency with 48 residents. After their shifts in the emergency department (ED), residents handed out EOS assessment forms asking about individual milestones from 15 subcompetencies to supervising physicians, as well as triggered electronic EOR-doctor (EORd) assessments to supervising doctors and EOR-nurse (EORn) to nurses they had worked with after each two-week ED block. EORd assessments contained the full proficiency level scale from 16 subcompetencies, while EORn assessments contained four subcompetencies. Data reports were generated after each six-month assessment period and data was aggregated. We calculated Spearman’s rank order correlations for correlations between assessment types and between assessments and final CCC proficiency levels. Results Over 24 months, 5,234 assessments were completed. The strongest correlations with CCC proficiency levels were the EORd for the immediate six-month assessment period prior (rs 0.71–0.84), and the CCC proficiency levels from the previous six-months (rs 0.83–0.92). EOS assessments had weaker correlations (rs 0.49 to 0.62), as did EORn (rs 0.4 to 0.73). Conclusion End-of-rotation assessments completed by supervising doctors are most highly correlated with final CCC proficiency level designations, while end-of-shift assessments and end-of-rotation assessments by nurses did not correlate strongly with final CCC proficiency levels, both with overestimation of levels noted. Every level of proficiency the CCC assigned appears to be highly correlated with the designated level in the immediate six-month period, perhaps implying CCC members are biased by previous level assignments. PMID:29383066

Do End-of-Rotation and End-of-Shift Assessments Inform Clinical Competency Committees' (CCC) Decisions?

PubMed

Regan, Linda; Cope, Leslie; Omron, Rodney; Bright, Leah; Bayram, Jamil D

2018-01-01

Clinical Competency Committees (CCC) require reliable, objective data to inform decisions regarding assignment of milestone proficiency levels, which must be reported to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. After the development of two new assessment methods, the end-of-shift (EOS) assessment and the end-of-rotation (EOR) assessment, we sought to evaluate their performance. We report data on the concordance between these assessments, as well as how each informs the final proficiency level determined in biannual CCC meetings. We hypothesized that there would be a high concordance level between the two assessment methods, including concordance of both the EOS and EOR with the final proficiency level designation by the CCC. The residency program is an urban academic four-year emergency medicine residency with 48 residents. After their shifts in the emergency department (ED), residents handed out EOS assessment forms asking about individual milestones from 15 subcompetencies to supervising physicians, as well as triggered electronic EOR-doctor (EORd) assessments to supervising doctors and EOR-nurse (EORn) to nurses they had worked with after each two-week ED block. EORd assessments contained the full proficiency level scale from 16 subcompetencies, while EORn assessments contained four subcompetencies. Data reports were generated after each six-month assessment period and data was aggregated. We calculated Spearman's rank order correlations for correlations between assessment types and between assessments and final CCC proficiency levels. Over 24 months, 5,234 assessments were completed. The strongest correlations with CCC proficiency levels were the EORd for the immediate six-month assessment period prior (r s 0.71-0.84), and the CCC proficiency levels from the previous six-months (r s 0.83-0.92). EOS assessments had weaker correlations (r s 0.49 to 0.62), as did EORn (r s 0.4 to 0.73). End-of-rotation assessments completed by supervising doctors are most highly correlated with final CCC proficiency level designations, while end-of-shift assessments and end-of-rotation assessments by nurses did not correlate strongly with final CCC proficiency levels, both with overestimation of levels noted. Every level of proficiency the CCC assigned appears to be highly correlated with the designated level in the immediate six-month period, perhaps implying CCC members are biased by previous level assignments.

Epigenetic determinants of ovarian clear cell carcinoma biology

PubMed Central

Yamaguchi, Ken; Huang, Zhiqing; Matsumura, Noriomi; Mandai, Masaki; Okamoto, Takako; Baba, Tsukasa; Konishi, Ikuo; Berchuck, Andrew; Murphy, Susan K.

2015-01-01

Targeted approaches have revealed frequent epigenetic alterations in ovarian cancer, but the scope and relation of these changes to histologic subtype of disease is unclear. Genome-wide methylation and expression data for 14 clear cell carcinoma (CCC), 32 non-CCC, and 4 corresponding normal cell lines were generated to determine how methylation profiles differ between cells of different histological derivations of ovarian cancer. Consensus clustering showed that CCC is epigenetically distinct. Inverse relationships between expression and methylation in CCC were identified, suggesting functional regulation by methylation, and included 22 hypomethylated (UM) genes and 276 hypermethylated (HM) genes. Categorical and pathway analyses indicated that the CCC-specific UM genes were involved in response to stress and many contain hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 1 binding sites, while the CCC-specific HM genes included members of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) network and genes involved in tumor development. We independently validated the methylation status of 17 of these pathway-specific genes, and confirmed increased expression of HNF1 network genes and repression of ERalpha pathway genes in CCC cell lines and primary cancer tissues relative to non-CCC specimens. Treatment of three CCC cell lines with the demethylating agent Decitabine significantly induced expression for all five genes analyzed. Coordinate changes in pathway expression were confirmed using two primary ovarian cancer datasets (p<0.0001 for both). Our results suggest that methylation regulates specific pathways and biological functions in CCC, with hypomethylation influencing the characteristic biology of the disease while hypermethylation contributes to the carcinogenic process. PMID:24382740

The glucose sensor Snf1 and the transcription factors Msn2 and Msn4 regulate transcription of the vacuolar iron importer gene CCC1 and iron resistance in yeast.

PubMed

Li, Liangtao; Kaplan, Jerry; Ward, Diane M

2017-09-15

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae stores iron in the vacuole, which is a major resistance mechanism against iron toxicity. One key protein involved in vacuolar iron storage is the iron importer Ccc1, which facilitates iron entry into the vacuole. Transcription of the CCC1 gene is largely regulated by the binding of iron-sulfur clusters to the activator domain of the transcriptional activator Yap5. Additional evidence, however, suggests that Yap5-independent transcriptional activation of CCC1 also contributes to iron resistance. Here, we demonstrate that components of the signaling pathway involving the low-glucose sensor Snf1 regulate CCC1 transcription and iron resistance. We found that SNF1 deletion acts synergistically with YAP5 deletion to regulate CCC1 transcription and iron resistance. A kinase-dead mutation of Snf1 lowered iron resistance as did deletion of SNF4 , which encodes a partner protein of Snf1. Deletion of all three alternative partners of Snf1 encoded by SIT1 , SIT2 , and GAL83 decreased both CCC1 transcription and iron resistance. The Snf1 complex is known to activate the general stress transcription factors Msn2 and Msn4. We show that Msn2 and Msn4 contribute to Snf1-mediated CCC1 transcription. Of note, SNF1 deletion in combination with MSN2 and MSN4 deletion resulted in additive effects on CCC1 transcription, suggesting that other activators contribute to the regulation of CCC1 transcription. In conclusion, we show that yeast have developed multiple transcriptional mechanisms to regulate Ccc1 expression and to protect against high cytosolic iron toxicity. © 2017 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Mechanism for CCC DNA synthesis in hepadnaviruses.

PubMed

Sohn, Ji A; Litwin, Samuel; Seeger, Christoph

2009-11-30

Hepadnavirus replication requires the synthesis of a covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA from the relaxed circular (RC) viral genome by an unknown mechanism. CCC DNA formation could require enzymatic activities of the viral reverse transcriptase (RT), or cellular DNA repair enzymes, or both. Physical mapping of the 5' and 3' ends of RC DNA and sequence analysis of CCC DNA revealed that CCC DNA synthesis requires the removal of the RT and an RNA oligomer from the 5' ends of minus and plus strand DNA, respectively, removal of sequences from the terminally redundant minus strand, completion of the less than full-length plus strand, and ligation of the ends. Two models have been proposed that could explain CCC DNA formation. The first (model 1) invokes a role for the RT to catalyze a cleavage-ligation reaction leading to the formation of a unit length minus strand in CCC DNA and a DNA repair reaction for the completion and ligation of plus strand DNA; the second (model 2) predicts that CCC DNA formation depends entirely on cellular DNA repair enzymes. To determine which mechanism is utilized, we developed cell lines expressing duck hepatitis B virus genomes carrying mutations permitting us to follow the fate of viral DNA sequences during their conversion from RC to CCC DNA. Our results demonstrated that the oligomer at the 5' end of minus strand DNA is completely or at least partially removed prior to CCC DNA synthesis. The results indicated that both RC DNA strands undergo DNA repair reactions carried out by the cellular DNA repair machinery as predicted by model 2. Thus, our study provided the basis for the identification of the cellular components required for CCC DNA formation.

CCC CGA is a weak translational recoding site in Escherichia coli.

PubMed

Shu, Ping; Dai, Huacheng; Mandecki, Wlodek; Goldman, Emanuel

2004-12-08

Previously published experiments had indicated unexpected expression of a control vector in which a beta-galactosidase reporter was in the +1 reading frame relative to the translation start. This control vector contained the codon pair CCC CGA in the zero reading frame, raising the possibility that ribosomes rephased on this sequence, with peptidyl-tRNA(Pro) pairing with CCC in the +1 frame. This putative rephasing might also be exacerbated by the rare CGA Arg codon in the second position due to increased vacancy of the ribosomal A-site. To test this hypothesis, a series of site-directed mutants was constructed, including mutations in both the first and second codons of this codon pair. The results show that interrupting the continuous run of C residues with synonymous codon changes essentially abolishes the frameshift. Further, changing the rare Arg codon to a common Arg codon also reduces the frequency of the frameshift. These results provide strong support for the hypothesis that CCC CGA in the zero frame is indeed a weak translational frameshift site in Escherichia coli, with a 1-2% efficiency. Because the vector sequence also contains another CCC triplet in the +1 reading frame starting within the next codon after the CGA, our data also support possible contribution to expression of a +7 nucleotide ribosome hop into the same +1 reading frame. We also confirm here a previous report that CCC UGA is a translational frameshift site, in these experiments, with about 5% efficiency.

Final work plan : investigation of potential contamination at the former CCC/USDA grain storage facility in Hanover, Kansas.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, L. M.; Environmental Science Division

The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), operated a grain storage facility at the northeastern edge of the city of Hanover, Kansas, from 1950 until the early 1970s. During this time, commercial grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were in common use by the grain storage industry to preserve grain in their facilities. In February 1998, trace to low levels of carbon tetrachloride (below the maximum contaminant level [MCL] of 5.0 {micro}g/L) were detected in two private wells near the former grain storage facility at Hanover, as part of a statewide USDA private wellmore » sampling program that was implemented by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) near former CCC/USDA facilities. In April 2007, the CCC/USDA collected near-surface soil samples at 1.8-2 ft BGL (below ground level) at 61 locations across the former CCC/USDA facility. All soil samples were analyzed by the rigorous gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer analytical method (purge-and-trap method). No contamination was found in soil samples above the reporting limit of 10 {micro}g/kg. In July 2007, the CCC/USDA sampled indoor air at nine residences on or adjacent to its former facility to address the residents concerns regarding vapor intrusion. Low levels of carbon tetrachloride were detected at four of the nine homes. Because carbon tetrachloride found in private wells and indoor air at the site might be linked to historical use of fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride at its former grain storage facility, the CCC/USDA is proposing to conduct an investigation to determine the source and extent of the carbon tetrachloride contamination associated with the former facility. This investigation will be conducted in accordance with the intergovernmental agreement between the KDHE and the Farm Service Agency (FSA) of the USDA. The investigation at Hanover will be performed, on behalf of the CCC/USDA, by the Environmental Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne is a nonprofit, multidisciplinary research center operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The CCC/USDA has entered into an interagency agreement with DOE, under which Argonne provides technical assistance to the CCC/USDA with environmental site characterization and remediation at its former grain storage facilities. Seven technical objectives have been proposed for the Hanover investigation. They are as follows: (1) Identify the sources and extent of soil contamination beneath the former CCC/USDA facility; (2) Characterize groundwater contamination beneath the former CCC/USDA facility; (3) Determine groundwater flow patterns; (4) Define the vertical and lateral extent of the groundwater plume outside the former CCC/USDA facility; (5) Evaluate the aquifer and monitor the groundwater system; (6) Identify any other potential sources of contamination that are not related to activities of the CCC/USDA; and (7) Determine whether there is a vapor intrusion problem at the site attributable to the former CCC/USDA facility. The technical objectives will be accomplished in a phased approached. Data collected during each phase will be evaluated to determine whether the subsequent phase is necessary. The KDHE project manager and the CCC/USDA will be contacted during each phase and kept apprised of the results. Whether implementation of each phase of work is necessary will be discussed and mutually agreed upon by the CCC/USDA and KDHE project managers.« less

Characterization of the host factors required for hepadnavirus covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA formation.

PubMed

Guo, Haitao; Xu, Chunxiao; Zhou, Tianlun; Block, Timothy M; Guo, Ju-Tao

2012-01-01

Synthesis of the covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA is a critical, but not well-understood step in the life cycle of hepadnaviruses. Our previous studies favor a model that removal of genome-linked viral DNA polymerase occurs in the cytoplasm and the resulting deproteinized relaxed circular DNA (DP-rcDNA) is subsequently transported into the nucleus and converted into cccDNA. In support of this model, our current study showed that deproteinization of viral double-stranded linear (dsl) DNA also took place in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Ku80, a component of non-homologous end joining DNA repair pathway, was essential for synthesis of cccDNA from dslDNA, but not rcDNA. In an attempt to identify additional host factors regulating cccDNA biosynthesis, we found that the DP-rcDNA was produced in all tested cell lines that supported DHBV DNA replication, but cccDNA was only synthesized in the cell lines that accumulated high levels of DP-rcDNA, except for NCI-H322M and MDBK cells, which failed to synthesize cccDNA despite of the existence of nuclear DP-rcDNA. The results thus imply that while removal of the genome-linked viral DNA polymerase is most likely catalyzed by viral or ubiquitous host function(s), nuclear factors required for the conversion of DP-rcDNA into cccDNA and/or its maintenance are deficient in the above two cell lines, which could be useful tools for identification of the elusive host factors essential for cccDNA biosynthesis or maintenance.

HTS cryogenic current comparator for non-invasive sensing of charged-particle beams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hao, L.; Gallop, J. C.; Macfarlane, J. C.; Carr, C.

2002-03-01

The principle of the superconducting cryogenic direct-current comparator (CCC) is applied to the non-invasive sensing of charged-particle beams (ions, electrons). With the use of HTS components it is feasible to envisage applications, for example, in precision mass spectrometry, in real-time monitoring of ion-beam implantation currents and for the determination of the Faraday fundamental constant. We have developed a novel current concentrating technique using HTS thick-film material, to increase the sensitivity of the CCC. Recent simulations and experimental measurements of the flux and current concentration ratios, frequency response and linearity of a prototype HTS-CCC operating at 77 K are described.

Genetic susceptibility to Chagas disease cardiomyopathy: involvement of several genes of the innate immunity and chemokine-dependent migration pathways

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is endemic in Latin America. Thirty percent of infected individuals develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC), an inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy that is, by far, the most important clinical consequence of T. cruzi infection. The others remain asymptomatic (ASY). A possible genetic component to disease progression was suggested by familial aggregation of cases and the association of markers of innate and adaptive immunity genes with CCC development. Migration of Th1-type T cells play a major role in myocardial damage. Methods Our genetic analysis focused on CCR5, CCL2 and MAL/TIRAP genes. We used the Tag SNPs based approach, defined to catch all the genetic information from each gene. The study was conducted on a large Brazilian population including 315 CCC cases and 118 ASY subjects. Results The CCL2rs2530797A/A and TIRAPrs8177376A/A were associated to an increase susceptibility whereas the CCR5rs3176763C/C genotype is associated to protection to CCC. These associations were confirmed when we restricted the analysis to severe CCC, characterized by a left ventricular ejection fraction under 40%. Conclusions Our data show that polymorphisms affecting key molecules involved in several immune parameters (innate immunity signal transduction and T cell/monocyte migration) play a role in genetic susceptibility to CCC development. This also points out to the multigenic character of CCC, each polymorphism imparting a small contribution. The identification of genetic markers for CCC will provide information for pathogenesis as well as therapeutic targets. PMID:24330528

Cervi cornus Colla (deer antler glue) induce epidermal differentiation in the reconstruction of skin equivalents.

PubMed

Choi, H-R; Nam, K-M; Kim, D-S; Huh, C-H; Na, J-I; Park, K-C

2013-06-01

In the reconstruction of skin equivalents (SEs), keratinocyte differentiation is important because epidermal differentiation is closely related with barrier function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Cervi cornus Colla (CCC) on the stem cell activity and epidermal differentiation in the reconstruction of skin equivalent. Four different models were constructed according to different composition of dermal substitute. Results showed similar morphologic findings when hyaluronic acid (HA) and/or CCC was added. But, immunohistochemical staining showed that p63 was significantly increased by addition of HA and/or CCC. Increased staining of integrin α6 and β1 was variably observed when HA and/or CCC was added to make dermal substitute. These finding showed that addition of HA and/or CCC may affect the stem cell activity in the reconstruction of skin. Furthermore, filaggrin expression was much increased when CCC was added. It showed that epidermal differentiation was significantly improved by addition of CCC. In conclusion, simultaneous presence of HA and CCC contributed to the stem cell activity and epidermal differentiation in the reconstruction of SE. Legislation in the EU prohibits marketing cosmetics and personal care products that contain constituents that have been examined through animal experiments. To avoid these limitations, SEs can be used for testing the safety or the efficacy of cosmetic ingredients. Therefore, our results showed that combined use of HA and CCC can be helpful for the reconstruction of SE with good stem cell activity and epidermal differentiation. © 2013 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Société Française de Cosmétologie.

Development of an efficient fractionation method for the preparative separation of sesquiterpenoids from Tussilago farfara by counter-current chromatography.

PubMed

Song, Kwangho; Lee, Kyoung Jin; Kim, Yeong Shik

2017-03-17

A novel application of counter-current chromatography (CCC) to enrich plant extracts using direct and continuous injection (CCC-DCI) was developed to fractionate sesquiterpenoids from the buds of Tussilago farfara L. In this study, an n-hexane-acetonitrile-water (HAcW) solvent system was separately pumped into the CCC column, and an extraction solution (45% acetonitrile) was directly and continuously injected into the CCC column. Since the extraction solution was used as a mobile phase in this method, solvent consumption could be greatly reduced. To enrich the extraction solution (315.9g/5.4L), only 4.2L water, 4.6L acetonitrile, and 1.2L n-hexane were used, including the extraction step. Finally, 6.8g of a sesquiterpenoid-enriched (STE) fraction was obtained from the crude extract (315.9g) of Tussilago farfara (1kg) in a single CCC run with a separation time of 8.5h. The sample injection capacity of CCC-DCI was greater than 300g; this amount of sample could not be handled in conventional CCC or other fractionation methods with the same column volume. Moreover, three major sesquiterpenoids (1: tussilagone, 2: 14-acetoxy-7β-(3'-ethyl cis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2'-methylburyryloxy)-notonipetranone, and 3: 7β-(3'-ethyl cis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2'-methylburyryloxy)-3, 14-dehydro-Z-notonipetranone) were purified from the STE fraction by CCC, and their chemical structures were elucidated by 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR. A quantification study was conducted, and the contents of compounds 1-3 in the CCC-DCI fraction were higher than those of conventional multi-step fractionations performed in series: solvent partitioning and open column chromatography. Furthermore, the average CCC-DCI recoveries were 96.1% (1), 96.9% (2), and 94.6% (3), whereas the open column chromatography recoveries were 77.7% (1), 66.5% (2), and 58.4% (3). The developed method demonstrates that CCC is a useful technique for enriching target components from natural products. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Using the liquid nature of the stationary phase in countercurrent chromatography. IV. The cocurrent CCC method.

PubMed

Berthod, Alain; Hassoun, Mahmoud

2006-05-26

The retention volumes of solutes in countercurrent chromatography (CCC) are directly proportional to their distribution coefficients, K(D) in the biphasic liquid system used as mobile and stationary phase in the CCC column. The cocurrent CCC method consists in putting the liquid "stationary" phase in slow motion in the same direction as the mobile phase. A mixture of five steroid compounds of widely differing polarities was used as a test mixture to evaluate the capabilities of the method with the biphasic liquid system made of water/methanol/ethyl acetate/heptane 6/5/6/5 (v/v) and a 53 mL CCC column of the coil planet centrifuge type. It is shown that the chromatographic resolution obtained in cocurrent CCC is very good because the solute band broadening is minimized as long as the solute is located inside the "stationary" phase. Pushing the method at its limits, it is demonstrated that the five steroids can still be (partly) separated when the flow rate of the two liquid phases is the same (2 mL/min). This is due to the higher volume of upper phase (72% of the column volume) contained inside the CCC column producing a lower linear speed compared to the aqueous lower phase linear speed. The capabilities of the cocurrent CCC method compare well with those of the gradient elution method in HPLC. Continuous detection is a problem due to the fact that two immiscible liquid phases elute from the column. It was partly solved using an evaporative light scattering detector.

A model of the interfacial processes inhibiting the environmental degradation of Al-Cu alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kearns, Jeffery Robert

A better understanding of the composition and structure of chemically treated Al alloy surfaces is necessary to devise new, more environmentally benign, coating systems for aircraft. In this work, the surface of AA2024-T3, as well as analogs for constituent intermetallic compounds (IMC), were examined at various stages of the Al alloy pretreatment and chromate conversion coating (CCC) process. A complement of techniques were used: imaging and dyanmic Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS), Variable-Angle X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (VA/XPS), Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy (SIRS), X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The water and hydrocarbons in commercial CCC destabilized Cr(VI) during exposure to soft x-rays. However, it was possible to prevent photochemical reduction with the ultra-clean vacuum pumping practice recently developed at Stony Brook. The type of pretreatment used prior to chromate conversion coating influenced the extent of IMC removal, Cu (re)distribution, and surface activity. Cu(I) was observed on all the chemically treated surfaces. Samples pretreated in Sanchem 1000 while galvanically coupled to a Pt mesh had a more desirable distribution of Cu for subsequent processing. Chromate reduction was not a significant factor in CCC aging over a 24-hr period, but surface dehydration and structural change were correlated and causative. Imaging SIMS revealed heterogeneities in the CCC that varied laterally with IMC in the alloy substrate. These regions were depleted in compounds containing Cr, F, and CN. Cu was found at localized sites in the CCC contact surface. Cyano groups were bound as Cr(IlI)-CNFe(H). The chromate available for CCC repair was located on matrix regions through the entire bulk of the CCC. The presence of residual contaminants (e.g. cleaning agents, metal working fluid, ink) affected the distribution of activator compounds (e.g. ferricyanide) in a CCC. The cyanide complex (Cr(Ill)-Fe-CN6) was found in the CCC bulk not just at the outermost surface. A new model for CCC on Al-Cr alloys is proposed. The model is based on the sol-gel-like nascent CCC that limits the transport of IMC dissolution products.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, L. M.; Environmental Science Division

The investigation reported here was conducted by the Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA) in 2006. The investigation addressed carbon tetrachloride contamination on the former CCC/USDA grain storage facility at Ramona, Kansas. The results clearly demonstrate that only minimal contamination is associated with the past use of carbon tetrachloride on the former CCC/USDA property. No soil contamination was detected at concentrations above Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) risk-based screening level (RBSL) Tier 2 standard of 200 {micro}g/kg for the soil-to-groundwater protection pathway. Carbon tetrachloride concentrations in groundwater above the RBSL and maximum contaminant levelmore » (MCL) value of 5.0 {micro}g/L were detected in only two samples, collected at adjacent locations on the southeast part of the property. The relatively low concentrations detected and the limited areal extent of the contamination demonstrate that no imminent threat exists on the former CCC/USDA property to warrant remediation. The soil and groundwater contamination detected on the former CCC/USDA property is clearly separate from contamination detected at off-site locations. The carbon tetrachloride and chloroform contamination in groundwater (at concentrations above the RBSL and MCL value) associated with past activities on the former CCC/USDA property is contained within the property boundaries. Data collected independently by the KDHE in 2006 validate these findings and, furthermore, provide additional evidence that the sources identified on the Co-op property (west of the former CCC/USDA property) are separate from the comparatively minor results of past activities on the former CCC/USDA property. The KDHE concluded in its 2006 report that the sources are separate and that the Co-op is the principally responsible party for the carbon tetrachloride contamination detected during its 2006 investigation.« less

Identical mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in the gliomatous and the sarcomatous components of gliosarcomas suggest a common origin from glial cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Biernat, W.; Aguzzi, A.; Sure, U.

Gliosarcomas are morphologically heterogeneous tumors of the central nervous system composed of gliomatous and sarcomatous components. The histogenesis of the latter is still a matter of debate. As mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene represent an early event in the development of gliomas, we attempted to determine whether both components of gliosarcomas share identical alterations of the p53 gene. Using single-strand conformation analysis (SSCA) and direct DNA sequencing of the p53 gene, we analyzed dissected gliomatous and sarcomatous parts of 12 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded gliosarcomas. The two tumors that contained a p53 alteration were found to carry the identical mutationmore » (exon 5; codon 151, CCC {r_arrow} TCC; codon 173, GTG {r_arrow} GTA) in the gliomatous and the sarcomatous components. These findings suggest a common origin of the two cellular components from neoplastic glial cells. 37 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.« less

HTS flux concentrator for non-invasive sensing of charged particle beams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hao, L.; Gallop, J. C.; Macfarlane, J. C.; Carr, C.; Donaldson, G. B.

2001-12-01

The principle of the superconducting cryogenic current comparator (CCC) is applied to the non-invasive sensing of charged-particle beams (ions, electrons). With the use of HTS components it is feasible to envisage applications, for example, in precision mass spectrometry and real-time monitoring of ion-beam implantation currents. Recent simulations and experimental measurements of the flux concentration ratio, frequency response and linearity of a prototype HTS-CCC operating at 77 K are described.

Roles of p38 and JNK protein kinase pathways activated by compound cantharidin capsules containing serum on proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell line

PubMed Central

Sun, Yonghao; Zhang, Dejuan; Mao, Mao; Lu, Yangping; Jiao, Ning

2017-01-01

The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of compound cantharides capsules (CCCs) on the viability and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell lines, BGC-823 and SGC-7901, and to detect its regulation of gene expression levels, as well as its inhibition mechanisms. Each cell line was grouped into a control group, CCC serum group, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) group, combination therapy group (CCC serum + 5-FU) and serum control group. Growth curves were measured and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and cell viability. The mRNA expression level of proliferation-related C-MYC and p53 genes were assayed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Protein phosphorylation levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and IκB were assayed by western blotting. The combined CCC serum and 5-FU group exhibited a higher inhibition rate in both cell lines and CCC serum therapy demonstrated a similar effect to 5-FU treatment, as demonstrated in the MTT and cell growth assay. Combined therapy significantly decreased the C-MYC mRNA expression levels and increased p53 mRNA expression levels (P<0.05). Combined therapy of 5-FU and CCC was more significant compared with CCC serum or 5-FU only (P<0.05). P38 and JNK-related protein phosphorylation are involved in apoptosis initiated by CCC combined 5-FU therapy. Combined therapy was able to significantly inhibit human gastric cancer cell growth (P<0.05), and advance cell apoptosis compared with CCC serum only. CCC serum resulted in downregulation of the c-Myc gene and upregulation of the p53 gene. p38 and JNK-related protein phosphorylation is involved in the inhibition of cell viability and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell lines. PMID:28810654

Roles of p38 and JNK protein kinase pathways activated by compound cantharidin capsules containing serum on proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell line.

PubMed

Sun, Yonghao; Zhang, Dejuan; Mao, Mao; Lu, Yangping; Jiao, Ning

2017-08-01

The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of compound cantharides capsules (CCCs) on the viability and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell lines, BGC-823 and SGC-7901, and to detect its regulation of gene expression levels, as well as its inhibition mechanisms. Each cell line was grouped into a control group, CCC serum group, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) group, combination therapy group (CCC serum + 5-FU) and serum control group. Growth curves were measured and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and cell viability. The mRNA expression level of proliferation-related C-MYC and p53 genes were assayed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Protein phosphorylation levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and IκB were assayed by western blotting. The combined CCC serum and 5-FU group exhibited a higher inhibition rate in both cell lines and CCC serum therapy demonstrated a similar effect to 5-FU treatment, as demonstrated in the MTT and cell growth assay. Combined therapy significantly decreased the C-MYC mRNA expression levels and increased p53 mRNA expression levels (P<0.05). Combined therapy of 5-FU and CCC was more significant compared with CCC serum or 5-FU only (P<0.05). P38 and JNK-related protein phosphorylation are involved in apoptosis initiated by CCC combined 5-FU therapy. Combined therapy was able to significantly inhibit human gastric cancer cell growth (P<0.05), and advance cell apoptosis compared with CCC serum only. CCC serum resulted in downregulation of the c-Myc gene and upregulation of the p53 gene. p38 and JNK-related protein phosphorylation is involved in the inhibition of cell viability and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell lines.

An Innovative Manufacturing of CCC Ion Thruster Grids by North Carolina A&T's RTM Carbon/Carbon Process

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haag, Thomas W. (Technical Monitor); Shivakumar, Kunigal N.

2003-01-01

Electric ion thrusters are the preferred engines for deep space missions, because of very high specific impulse. The ion engine consists of screen and accelerator grids containing thousands of concentric very small holes. The xenon gas accelerates between the two grids, thus developing the impulse force. The dominant life-limiting mechanism in the state-of-the-art molybdenum thrusters is the xenon ion sputter erosion of the accelerator grid. Carbon/carbon composites (CCC) have shown to be have less than 1/7 the erosion rates than the molybdenum, thus for interplanetary missions CCC engines are inevitable. Early effort to develop CCC composite thrusters had a limited success because of limitations of the drilling technology and the damage caused by drilling. The proposed is an in-situ manufacturing of holes while the CCC is made. Special low CTE molds will be used along with the NC A&T s patented resin transfer molding (RTM) technology to manufacture the CCC grids. First, a manufacture process for 10-cm diameter thruster grids will be developed and verified. Quality of holes, density, CTE, tension, flexure, transverse fatigue and sputter yield properties will be measured. After establishing the acceptable quality and properties, the process will be scaled to manufacture 30-cm diameter grids. The properties of the two grid sizes are compared with each other.

[A quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction for detection of HBV covalently closed circular DNA in livers of the HBV infected patients].

PubMed

Wang, Mei-Rong; Qiu, Ning; Lu, Shi-Chun; Xiu, Dian-Rong; Yu, Jian-Guo; Li, Tong; Liu, Xue-En; Zhuang, Hui

2011-05-01

To establish and optimize a sensitive and specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for detection of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA (HBV cccDNA) in liver tissue. Specific primers and probes were designed to detect HBV DNA (tDNA) and cccDNA. A series of plasmids (3.44 × 10(0) - 3.44 × 10(9) copies/µl) containing a full double-stranded copies of HBV genome (genotype C) were used to establish the standard curve of real-time PCR. Liver samples of 33 patients with HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 13 Chronic hepatitis B patients (CHB) and 10 non-HBV patients were collected to verify the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. A fraction of extracted DNA was digested with a Plasmid-Safe ATP-dependent Dnase (PSAD) for HBV cccDNA detection and the remaining was used for tDNA and β-globin detection. The amount (copies/cell) of HBV cccDNA and tDNA were measured by a real-time PCR, using β-globin housekeeping gene as a quantitation standard. The standard curves of real-time PCR with a linear range of 3.44 × 10(0) to 3.44 × 10(9) copies/µl were established for detecting HBV cccDNA and tDNA, and both of the lowest detection limits of HBV cccDNA and tDNA were 3.44 × 10(0) copies/µl. The lowest quantitation levels of HBV cccDNA in liver tissues tested in 33 HBV related HCC patients and 13 CHB patients were 0.003 copies/cell and 0.031 copies/cell, respectively. HBV cccDNA and tDNA in liver tissue of 10 non-HBV patient appeared to be negative. The true positive rate was increasing through the digestion of HBV DNA by PSAD, and the analytic specificity of cccDNA detection improved by 7.24 × 10(2) times. Liver tissues of 2 patients were retested 5 times in the PCR for detecting cccDNA and the coefficient of variations on cycle threshold (Ct) were between 0.224% - 0.609%. A highly sensitive and specific quantitative real time PCR method for the detection of HBV cccDNA in liver tissue was established and could be used for clinical and epidemiological studies.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, L.

The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), formerly operated a grain storage facility approximately 1,100 ft north of Centralia from 1949 until 1971. Subsequently, a concrete mixing plant operated on the site (FSA 1997). None of the CCC/USDA structures remain, though belowgrade foundations related to structures associated with the concrete mixing operations are evident. Two additional grain storage facilities currently exist in and near Centralia: the Nemaha County Co-op, approximately 4,000 ft south of the former CCC/USDA facility, and a private grain storage facility near the Don Morris residence, 3,500 ft north ofmore » the former CCC/USDA facility (Figure 1.1). The property on which the former facility was located is currently owned by Jeanne Burdett Lacky of Seneca, Kansas. In August-September 1998 the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) conducted preliminary investigations at the former CCC/USDA facility, on the basis of the detection of carbon tetrachloride in the domestic well at the Don Morris residence (north of the former CCC/USDA facility). Prior to 1986, commercial grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were commonly used by the CCC/USDA and the grain storage industry to preserve grain. The details of previous investigations in the area and a summary of the findings were reported previously (Argonne 2002a). Because the KDHE detected carbon tetrachloride in groundwater and soil at the former CCC/USDA facility at Centralia that might be related to historical use of carbon tetrachloride-based grain fumigants at the facility, the CCC/USDA is conducting an environmental site investigation to determine the source(s) and extent of the carbon tetrachloride contamination at the former facility near Centralia and to assess whether the contamination requires remedial action. The town of Centralia and all residents near the former CCC/USDA facility currently obtain their water from Rural Water District No.3. Therefore, local residents are not drinking or using the contaminated groundwater detected at the former facility. The Environmental Research Division of Argonne National Laboratory is performing the investigation at Centralia on behalf of the CCC/USDA. Argonne is a nonprofit, multidisciplinary research center operated by the University of Chicago for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The CCC/USDA has entered into an interagency agreement with DOE, under which Argonne provides technical assistance to the CCC/USDA with environmental site characterization and remediation at its former grain storage facilities. At these former facilities, Argonne is applying its QuickSite{reg_sign} environmental site characterization methodology. QuickSite is Argonne's proprietary implementation system for the expedited site characterization process. This methodology has been applied successfully at a number of former CCC/USDA facilities in Nebraska and Kansas and has been adopted by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM 1998) as standard practice for environmental site characterization. Argonne's investigations are conducted with a phased approach. Phase I focuses primarily on the investigation and evaluation of geology, hydrogeology, and hydrogeochemistry to identify potential contaminant pathways at a site. Phase II focuses on delineating the contamination present in both soil and aquifers along the potential migration pathways. Phase I of Argonne's investigation was conducted in March-April 2002. The results and findings of the Phase I investigation at Centralia were reported previously (Argonne 2003). This report documents the findings of the Phase II activities at Centralia. Section 1 provides a brief history of the area, a review of the Phase I results and conclusions, technical objectives for the Phase II investigation, and a brief description of the sections contained in this report. Section 2 describes the investigative methods used during the Phase II investigation. Section 3 presents all of the data obtained during the investigation. Section 4 describes the interpretation of the pertinent data used to meet the technical objectives of the investigation. Section 5 presents the conclusions of the investigation relative to the technical objectives and outlines further recommendations.« less

Development and validation of equations utilizing lamb vision system output to predict lamb carcass fabrication yields.

PubMed

Cunha, B C N; Belk, K E; Scanga, J A; LeValley, S B; Tatum, J D; Smith, G C

2004-07-01

This study was performed to validate previous equations and to develop and evaluate new regression equations for predicting lamb carcass fabrication yields using outputs from a lamb vision system-hot carcass component (LVS-HCC) and the lamb vision system-chilled carcass LM imaging component (LVS-CCC). Lamb carcasses (n = 149) were selected after slaughter, imaged hot using the LVS-HCC, and chilled for 24 to 48 h at -3 to 1 degrees C. Chilled carcasses yield grades (YG) were assigned on-line by USDA graders and by expert USDA grading supervisors with unlimited time and access to the carcasses. Before fabrication, carcasses were ribbed between the 12th and 13th ribs and imaged using the LVS-CCC. Carcasses were fabricated into bone-in subprimal/primal cuts. Yields calculated included 1) saleable meat yield (SMY); 2) subprimal yield (SPY); and 3) fat yield (FY). On-line (whole-number) USDA YG accounted for 59, 58, and 64%; expert (whole-number) USDA YG explained 59, 59, and 65%; and expert (nearest-tenth) USDA YG accounted for 60, 60, and 67% of the observed variation in SMY, SPY, and FY, respectively. The best prediction equation developed in this trial using LVS-HCC output and hot carcass weight as independent variables explained 68, 62, and 74% of the variation in SMY, SPY, and FY, respectively. Addition of output from LVS-CCC improved predictive accuracy of the equations; the combined output equations explained 72 and 66% of the variability in SMY and SPY, respectively. Accuracy and repeatability of measurement of LM area made with the LVS-CCC also was assessed, and results suggested that use of LVS-CCC provided reasonably accurate (R2 = 0.59) and highly repeatable (repeatability = 0.98) measurements of LM area. Compared with USDA YG, use of the dual-component lamb vision system to predict cut yields of lamb carcasses improved accuracy and precision, suggesting that this system could have an application as an objective means for pricing carcasses in a value-based marketing system.

Convergent close coupling versus the generalized Sturmian function approach: Wave-function analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ambrosio, M.; Mitnik, D. M.; Gasaneo, G.; Randazzo, J. M.; Kadyrov, A. S.; Fursa, D. V.; Bray, I.

2015-11-01

We compare the physical information contained in the Temkin-Poet (TP) scattering wave function representing electron-impact ionization of hydrogen, calculated by the convergent close-coupling (CCC) and generalized Sturmian function (GSF) methodologies. The idea is to show that the ionization cross section can be extracted from the wave functions themselves. Using two different procedures based on hyperspherical Sturmian functions we show that the transition amplitudes contained in both GSF and CCC scattering functions lead to similar single-differential cross sections. The single-continuum channels were also a subject of the present studies, and we show that the elastic and excitation amplitudes are essentially the same as well.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, L. M.

This Work Plan outlines the scope of work that will be conducted to investigate the subsurface contaminant conditions at the property formerly leased by the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) in Ramona, Kansas (Figure 1.1). Data obtained during this event will be used to (1) evaluate potential source areas on the property, (2) determine the vertical and horizontal extent of potential contamination, and (3) provide recommendations for future actions, with the ultimate goal of assigning this site No Further Action status. The planned investigation includes groundwater monitoring requested by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE), in accordance with Sectionmore » V of the Intergovernmental Agreement between the KDHE and the Farm Service Agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The work is being performed on behalf of the CCC/USDA by the Environmental Research Division of Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne is a nonprofit, multidisciplinary research center operated by the University of Chicago for the U.S. Department of Energy. Under the Intergovernmental Agreement, Argonne provides technical assistance to the CCC/USDA with environmental site characterization and remediation at former CCC/USDA grain storage facilities. Argonne has issued a Master Work Plan (Argonne 2002) that describes the general scope of all investigations at former CCC/USDA facilities in Kansas and provides guidance for these investigations. The Master Work Plan was approved by the KDHE. It contains materials common to investigations at locations in Kansas and should be consulted for the complete details of plans for work associated with the former CCC/USDA facility at Ramona.« less

Hairpin DNA probe with 5'-TCC/CCC-3' overhangs for the creation of silver nanoclusters and miRNA assay.

PubMed

Xia, Xiaodong; Hao, Yuanqiang; Hu, Shengqiang; Wang, Jianxiu

2014-01-15

A facile strategy for the assay of target miRNA using fluorescent silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) has been described. Due to the preferable interaction between cytosine residues and Ag(+), a short cytosine-rich oligonucleotide (ODN) with only six bases 5'-TCCCCC-3' served as an efficient scaffold for the creation of the AgNCs. The AgNCs displayed a bright red emission when excited at 545nm. Such ODN base-stabilized AgNCs have been exploited for miRNA sensing. Overhangs of TCC at the 5' end (5'-TCC) and CCC at the 3' end (CCC-3') (denoted as 5'-TCC/CCC-3') appended to the hairpin ODN probe which also contains recognition sequences for target miRNA were included. Interestingly, the AgNCs/hairpin ODN probe showed similar spectral properties as that templated by 5'-TCCCCC-3'. The formation of the hairpin ODN probe/miRNA duplex separated the 5'-TCC/CCC-3' overhangs, thus disturbing the optical property or structure of the AgNCs. As a result, fluorescence quenching of the AgNCs/hairpin ODN probe was obtained, which allows for facile determination of target miRNA. The proposed method is simple and cost-effective, holding great promise for clinical applications. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Innovative approach to patient-centered care coordination in primary care practices.

PubMed

Clarke, Robin; Bharmal, Nazleen; Di Capua, Paul; Tseng, Chi-Hong; Mangione, Carol M; Mittman, Brian; Skootsky, Samuel A

2015-09-01

Although care coordination is an essential component of the patient-centered medical home structure, current case manager models have limited usefulness to population health because they typically serve a small group of patients defined based on disease or utilization. Our objective was to support our health system's population health by implementing and evaluating a program that embedded nonlicensed coordinators within our primary care practices to support physicians in executing care plans and communicating with patients. Matched case-control differences-in-differences. Comprehensive care coordinators (CCC) were introduced into 14 of the system's 28 practice sites in 2 waves. After a structured training program, CCCs identified, engaged, and intervened among patients within the practice in conjunction with practice primary care providers. We counted and broadly coded CCC activities that were documented in the intervention database. We examined the impact of CCC intervention on emergency department (ED) utilization at the practice level using a negative binomial multivariate regression model controlling for age, gender, and medical complexity. CCCs touched 10,500 unique patients over a 1-year period. CCC interventions included execution of care (38%), coordination of transitions (32%), self-management support/link to community resources (15%), monitor and follow-up (10%), and patient assessment (1%). The CCC intervention group had a 20% greater reduction in its prepost ED visit rate compared with the control group (P < .0001). Our CCC intervention demonstrated a significant reduction in ED visits by focusing on the centrality of the primary care provider and practice. Our model may serve as a cost-effective and scalable alternative for care coordination in primary care.

A Comparison of Math Cover, Copy, Compare Intervention Procedures for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

PubMed

Morton, Reeva C; Gadke, Daniel L

2018-03-01

Cover, Copy, Compare (CCC) and Copy, Cover, Compare (MCCC) procedures are effective interventions for improving math fluency. However, there is a gap in literature exploring the use of these interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The purpose of the current study was to compare the use of CCC and MCCC for children with ASD using a multi-component single-case experimental design. The results showed no notable difference between the interventions. Implications and limitations, particularly surrounding experimental control, are discussed in detail.

Application of hydrostatic CCC-TLC-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS for the bioguided fractionation of anticholinesterase alkaloids from Argemone mexicana L. roots.

PubMed

Kukula-Koch, Wirginia; Mroczek, Tomasz

2015-03-01

A rapid hydrostatic counter-current chromatography-thin-layer chromatography-electrospray-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CCC-TLC-ESI-TOF-MS) technique was established for use in seeking potent anti-Alzheimer's drugs among the acethylcholinesterase inhibitors in Argemone mexicana L. underground parts, with no need to isolate components in pure form. The dichloromethane extract from the roots of Mexican prickly poppy that was most rich in secondary metabolites was subjected to hydrostatic-CCC-based fractionation in descending mode, using a biphasic system composed of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water at the ratio of 1.5:3:2.1:2 (v/v). The obtained fractions were analyzed in a TLC-based AChE-inhibition "Fast Blue B" test. All active components in the fractions, including berberine, protopine, chelerithrine, sanguinarine, coptisine, palmatine, magnoflorine, and galanthamine, were identified in a direct TLC-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS assay with high accuracy. This is the first time galanthamine has been reported in the extract of Mexican prickly poppy and the first time it has been identified in any member of the Papaveraceae family, in the significant quantity of 0.77%.

Preparative enantioseparation of propafenone by counter-current chromatography using di-n-butyl L-tartrate combined with boric acid as the chiral selector.

PubMed

Tong, Shengqiang; Shen, Mangmang; Zheng, Ye; Chu, Chu; Li, Xing-Nuo; Yan, Jizhong

2013-09-01

This paper extends the research of the utilization of borate coordination complexes in chiral separation by counter-current chromatography (CCC). Racemic propafenone was successfully enantioseparated by CCC with di-n-butyl l-tartrate combined with boric acid as the chiral selector. The two-phase solvent system was composed of chloroform/ 0.05 mol/L acetate buffer pH 3.4 containing 0.10 mol/L boric acid (1:1, v/v), in which 0.10 mol/L di-n-butyl l-tartrate was added in the organic phase. The influence of factors in the enantioseparation of propafenone were investigated and optimized. A total of 92 mg of racemic propafenone was completely enantioseparated using high-speed CCC in a single run, yielding 40-42 mg of (R)- and (S)-propafenone enantiomers with an HPLC purity over 90-95%. The recovery for propafenone enantiomers from fractions of CCC was in the range of 85-90%. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, L. M.

The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), formerly operated a grain storage facility approximately 1,100 ft north of Centralia (Figure 1.2). The CCC/USDA operated this facility from 1949 until 1971. None of the CCC/USDA structures remain. Two additional grain storage facilities currently exist in and near Centralia: the Nemaha County Co-op, approximately 4,000 ft south of the former CCC/USDA facility, and a private grain storage facility near the Don Morris residence, 3,500 ft north of the former CCC/USDA facility. Prior to 1986, commercial grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were commonly used by themore » CCC/USDA and the grain storage industry to preserve grain. In April 1998, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) sampled the domestic well at the Don Morris residence near Centralia (Figure 1.2) as part of the CCC/USDA Private Well Sampling Program, which was initiated to determine whether carbon tetrachloride was present in domestic wells located near former CCC/USDA grain storage facilities in Kansas. Carbon tetrachloride was detected in the Morris well at 19.3 mg/L and confirmed at 25.4 mg/L, both concentrations above the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 5 mg/L for carbon tetrachloride in drinking water. On the basis of the detection of carbon tetrachloride in the Morris well, the KDHE in August-September 1998 conducted preliminary investigations at the former CCC/USDA facility. For the details of previous investigations in the area and a summary of their findings, see the QuickSite{reg_sign} Phase I Work Plan for Centralia (Argonne 2002a). Because the KDHE found carbon tetrachloride at the former CCC/USDA facility at Centralia that might, in part, be linked to historical use of carbon tetrachloride-based grain fumigants at the facility, the CCC/USDA is conducting an environmental site investigation at Centralia. However, the KDHE established in 1998 that the probable groundwater flow direction at the former CCC/USDA facility is not toward the Morris well, and thus the former facility is not responsible for the carbon tetrachloride measured in that well. The town of Centralia and all residents near the former CCC/USDA facility currently obtain their water from Rural Water District No.3 (RWD 3). Therefore, these local residents are not drinking and using contaminated groundwater. The investigation at Centralia is being performed by the Environmental Research Division of Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne is a nonprofit, multidisciplinary research center operated by the University of Chicago for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The CCC/USDA has entered into an interagency agreement with DOE, under which Argonne provides technical assistance to the CCC/USDA with environmental site characterization and remediation at its former grain storage facilities. At these facilities, Argonne is applying its QuickSite environmental site characterization methodology. QuickSite is Argonne's proprietary implementation system for the expedited site characterization (ESC) process. Argonne's Environmental Research Division developed the ESC process to optimize preremedial site characterization work at hazardous waste sites by obtaining and then applying a thorough understanding of a site's geology, hydrogeology, and hydrogeochemistry (e.g., Burton 1994). This approach is fundamental to successful site characterization because the geology and hydrogeology of a site largely govern the mobility and fate of contaminants there. Argonne's ESC process has been used successfully at a number of former CCC/USDA facilities in Kansas and Nebraska and has been adopted by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM 1998) as standard practice for environmental site characterization. This report documents the findings of the Phase I activities at Centralia. Section 1 provides a brief history of the area and the QuickSite process, a summary of the geologic/hydrogeologic model, objectives of the Phase I investigation, and a brief description of the sections contained in this report. Section 2 describes the investigative methods used during the Phase I investigation. Section 3 presents all of the data obtained during the investigation. Section 4 describes the interpretation of the pertinent data used to meet the technical objectives of the investigation, including the contaminant migration pathways in soil and groundwater. A summary of the findings is also provided in Section 4. Section 5 presents the conclusions of the investigation relative to the technical objectives and outlines recommendations for Phase II. To streamline the reporting process, materials from the Work Plan (Argonne 2002a) and relevant sections of the Master Work Plan (Argonne 2002b) are not repeated in detail in this report. Consequently, these documents must also be consulted to obtain the complete details of the Phase I investigative program.« less

European laws on compulsory commitment to care of persons suffering from substance use disorders or misuse problems- a comparative review from a human and civil rights perspective.

PubMed

Israelsson, Magnus; Nordlöf, Kerstin; Gerdner, Arne

2015-08-28

Laws on compulsory commitment to care (CCC) in mental health, social and criminal legislation for adult persons with alcohol and/or drug dependence or misuse problems are constructed to address different scenarios related to substance use disorders. This study examines how such CCC laws in European states vary in terms of legal rights, formal orders of decision and criteria for involuntary admission, and assesses whether three legal frameworks (criminal, mental and social law) equally well ensure human and civil rights. Thirty-nine laws, from 38 countries, were analysed. Respondents replied in web-based questionnaires concerning a) legal rights afforded the persons with substance use problems during commitment proceedings, b) sources of formal application, c) instances for decision on admission, and d) whether or not 36 different criteria could function as grounds for decisions on CCC according to the law in question. Analysis of a-c were conducted in bivariate cross-tabulations. The 36 criteria for admission were sorted in criteria groups based on principal component analysis (PCA). To investigate whether legal rights, decision-making authorities or legal criteria may discriminate between types of law on CCC, discriminant analyses (DA) were conducted. There are few differences between the three types of law on CCC concerning legal rights afforded the individual. However, proper safeguards of the rights against unlawful detention seem still to be lacking in some CCC laws, regardless type of law. Courts are the decision-making body in 80 % of the laws, but this varies clearly between law types. Criteria for CCC also differ between types of law, i.e. concerning who should be treated: dependent offenders, persons with substance use problems with acting out or aggressive behaviors, or other vulnerable persons with alcohol or drug problems. The study raises questions concerning whether various European CCC laws in relation to substance use disorder or misuse problems comply with international ratified conventions concerning human and civil rights. This, however, applies to all three types of law, i.e. social, mental health and criminal legislation. The main differences between law types concern legal criteria, reflecting different national priorities on implicit ambitions of CCC - for correction, for prevention, or for support to those in greatest need of care.

Final work plan : supplemental upward vapor intrusion investigation at the former CCC/USDA grain storage facility in Hanover, Kansas.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, L. M.; Environmental Science Division

The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), operated a grain storage facility at the northeastern edge of the city of Hanover, Kansas, from 1950 until the early 1970s. During this time, commercial grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were in common use by the grain storage industry to preserve grain in their facilities. In February 1998, trace to low levels of carbon tetrachloride (below the maximum contaminant level [MCL] of 5.0 {micro}g/L) were detected in two private wells near the former grain storage facility at Hanover, as part of a statewide USDA private wellmore » sampling program that was implemented by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) near former CCC/USDA facilities. In 2007, the CCC/USDA conducted near-surface soil sampling at 61 locations and also sampled indoor air at nine residences on or adjacent to its former Hanover facility to address the residents concerns regarding vapor intrusion. Low levels of carbon tetrachloride were detected at four of the nine homes. The results were submitted to the KDHE in October 2007 (Argonne 2007). On the basis of the results, the KDHE requested sub-slab sampling and/or indoor air sampling (KDHE 2007). This Work Plan describes, in detail, the proposed additional scope of work requested by the KDHE and has been developed as a supplement to the comprehensive site investigation work plan that is pending (Argonne 2008). Indoor air samples collected previously from four homes at Hanover were shown to contain the carbon tetrachloride at low concentrations (Table 2.1). It cannot be concluded from these previous data that the source of the detected carbon tetrachloride is vapor intrusion attributable to former grain storage operations of the CCC/USDA at Hanover. The technical objective of the vapor intrusion investigation described here is to assess the risk to human health due to the potential for upward migration of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform into four homes located on or adjacent to the former CCC/USDA facility. The technical objective will be accomplished by collecting sub-slab vapor samples. The preliminary data collected during the July 2007 investigation did not fully address the source of or migration pathway for the carbon tetrachloride detected in the four homes. The scope of work proposed here will generate additional data needed to help evaluate whether the source of the detected carbon tetrachloride is vapor intrusion attributable to activities of the CCC/USDA. The additional vapor sampling at Hanover will be performed, on behalf of the CCC/USDA, by the Environmental Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory and H&P Mobile Geochemistry of San Diego (http://www.handpmg.com). Argonne is a nonprofit, multidisciplinary research center operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The CCC/USDA has entered into an interagency agreement with DOE, under which Argonne provides technical assistance to the CCC/USDA with environmental site characterization and remediation at its former grain storage facilities. The professional staff members of H&P Mobile Geochemistry are nationally leading experts in soil gas sampling and vapor intrusion investigations.« less

Phase II Investigation at the Former CCC/USDA Grain Storage Facility in Savannah, Missouri

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, Lorraine M.

From approximately 1949 until 1970, the Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA) operated a grain storage facility on federally owned property approximately 0.25 mi northwest of Savannah, Missouri. During this time, commercial grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were commonly used by the CCC/USDA and the private grain storage industry to preserve grain in their facilities. In November 1998, carbon tetrachloride was detected in a private well (Morgan) roughly 50 ft south of the former CCC/USDA facility, as a result of statewide screening of private wells near former CCC/USDA facilities, conducted in Missouri by the U.S. Environmentalmore » Protection Agency (EPA 1999). The 1998 and subsequent investigations by the EPA and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) confirmed the presence of carbon tetrachloride in the Morgan well, as well as in a second well on property currently owned by the Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT), directly east of the former CCC/USDA facility. The identified concentrations in these two wells were above the EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) and the Missouri risk-based corrective action default target level (DTL) values of 5.0 μg/L for carbon tetrachloride in water used for domestic purposes (EPA 1999; MDNR 2000a,b, 2006). Because the observed contamination in the Morgan and MoDOT wells might be linked to the past use of carbon tetrachloride-based fumigants at its former grain storage facility, the CCC/USDA is conducting an investigation to (1) characterize the source(s), extent, and factors controlling the subsurface distribution and movement of carbon tetrachloride and (2) evaluate the potential risks to human health, public welfare, and the environment posed by the contamination. This work is being performed in accord with an Intergovernmental Agreement established in 2007 between the Farm Service Agency of the USDA and the MDNR, to address carbon tetrachloride contamination potentially associated with a number of former CCC/USDA grain storage facilities in Missouri. The site characterization at Savannah is being conducted on behalf of the CCC/USDA by the Environmental Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory. The investigation is being conducted in phases, so that information obtained and interpretations developed during each incremental stage can be used most effectively to guide subsequent phases of the program. Phase II objectives: Investigate the more detailed characteristics of groundwater flow in the vicinity of the former CCC/USDA facility and the contaminated Morgan and MoDOT private wells; Obtain additional information on the vertical and lateral distribution and concentrations of carbon tetrachloride in groundwater in the vicinity of the former CCC/USDA facility and the contaminated Morgan and MoDOT private wells; Investigate further for possible evidence of carbon tetrachloride in the subsurface (vadose zone) and deeper soils beneath the former CCC/USDA facility, as well as in the vicinity of the contaminated MoDOT private well.« less

Final report : site reclassification investigation for Courtland, Kansas.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, L. M.; Dennis, C. B.; Environmental Science Division

2006-01-31

The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), formerly operated a grain storage facility in Courtland, Kansas. Prior to 1986, commercial grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were commonly used by the CCC/USDA and the grain industry to preserve stored grain. In 1999, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) identified the former CCC/USDA operation as the likely source of carbon tetrachloride found in groundwater east of the former CCC/USDA facility in Courtland. Sampling by the KDHE in April 1998 had found carbon tetrachloride in the Garman residence lawn and garden well at amore » concentration of 2.1 {micro}g/L and in the Hoard residence lawn and garden well at a concentration of 0.5 {micro}g/L. Subsequent soil and groundwater sampling by the KDHE at the former CCC/USDA facility found no indication of a continuing source, and subsequent sampling of the affected wells showed generally declining contaminant levels. At the request of the KDHE and the CCC/USDA, Argonne National Laboratory prepared a Work Plan for Groundwater Sampling for Potential Site Reclassification, Courtland, Kansas (Argonne 2004). The objective of the proposed work was to conduct a single groundwater monitoring event and collect information necessary to update the status of the previously detected groundwater contamination, in support of an evaluation of appropriate actions for reclassification of the status of this site from active to resolved, under the Intergovernmental Agreement between the KDHE and the USDA's Farm Service Agency (FSA). The reclassification would be in accordance with the KDHE's Reclassification Plan (Policy No. BERRS-024, online at http://www.kdhe.state.ks.us/pdf/ber/scp/reclass.pdf). The KDHE approved the Work Plan on August 8, 2005. Sampling was conducted on September 7, 2005.« less

Effects of simultaneously elevated temperature and CO2 levels on Nicotiana benthamiana and its infection by different positive-sense RNA viruses are cumulative and virus type-specific.

PubMed

Del Toro, Francisco J; Rakhshandehroo, Farshad; Larruy, Beatriz; Aguilar, Emmanuel; Tenllado, Francisco; Canto, Tomás

2017-11-01

We have studied how simultaneously elevated temperature and CO 2 levels [climate change-related conditions (CCC) of 30°C, 970 parts-per-million (ppm) of CO 2 vs. standard conditions (SC) of 25°C, ~ 405ppm CO 2 ] affect physiochemical properties of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and also its infection by several positive-sense RNA viruses. In previous works we had studied effects of elevated temperature, CO 2 levels separately. Under CCC, leaves of healthy plants almost doubled their area relative to SC but contained less protein/unit-of-area, similarly to what we had found under conditions of elevated CO 2 alone. CCC also affected the sizes/numbers of different foliar cell types differently. Under CCC, infection outcomes in titers and symptoms were virus type-specific, broadly similar to those observed under elevated temperature alone. Under either condition, infections did not significantly alter the protein content of leaf discs. Therefore, effects of elevated temperature and CO 2 combined on properties of the pathosystems studied were overall cumulative. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

HBV core protein allosteric modulators differentially alter cccDNA biosynthesis from de novo infection and intracellular amplification pathways.

PubMed

Guo, Fang; Zhao, Qiong; Sheraz, Muhammad; Cheng, Junjun; Qi, Yonghe; Su, Qing; Cuconati, Andrea; Wei, Lai; Du, Yanming; Li, Wenhui; Chang, Jinhong; Guo, Ju-Tao

2017-09-01

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein assembles viral pre-genomic (pg) RNA and DNA polymerase into nucleocapsids for reverse transcriptional DNA replication to take place. Several chemotypes of small molecules, including heteroaryldihydropyrimidines (HAPs) and sulfamoylbenzamides (SBAs), have been discovered to allosterically modulate core protein structure and consequentially alter the kinetics and pathway of core protein assembly, resulting in formation of irregularly-shaped core protein aggregates or "empty" capsids devoid of pre-genomic RNA and viral DNA polymerase. Interestingly, in addition to inhibiting nucleocapsid assembly and subsequent viral genome replication, we have now demonstrated that HAPs and SBAs differentially modulate the biosynthesis of covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA from de novo infection and intracellular amplification pathways by inducing disassembly of nucleocapsids derived from virions as well as double-stranded DNA-containing progeny nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm. Specifically, the mistimed cuing of nucleocapsid uncoating prevents cccDNA formation during de novo infection of hepatocytes, while transiently accelerating cccDNA synthesis from cytoplasmic progeny nucleocapsids. Our studies indicate that elongation of positive-stranded DNA induces structural changes of nucleocapsids, which confers ability of mature nucleocapsids to bind CpAMs and triggers its disassembly. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the dual effects of the core protein allosteric modulators on nucleocapsid assembly and disassembly will facilitate the discovery of novel core protein-targeting antiviral agents that can more efficiently suppress cccDNA synthesis and cure chronic hepatitis B.

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Ccc of... - Applicability of General Provisions (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A) to Subpart CCC

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A) to Subpart CCC 1 Table 1 to Subpart CCC of Part 63 Protection of... Pt. 63, Subpt. CCC, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart CCC of Part 63—Applicability of General Provisions (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A) to Subpart CCC Reference Applies to Subpart CCC Explanation 63.1-63.5 Yes. 63...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Ccc of... - Applicability of General Provisions (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A) to Subpart CCC

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A) to Subpart CCC 1 Table 1 to Subpart CCC of Part 63 Protection of... Pt. 63, Subpt. CCC, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart CCC of Part 63—Applicability of General Provisions (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A) to Subpart CCC Reference Applies to Subpart CCC Explanation 63.1-63.5 Yes. 63...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Ccc of... - Applicability of General Provisions (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A) to Subpart CCC

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A) to Subpart CCC 1 Table 1 to Subpart CCC of Part 63 Protection of... Pt. 63, Subpt. CCC, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart CCC of Part 63—Applicability of General Provisions (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A) to Subpart CCC Reference Applies to Subpart CCC Explanation 63.1-63.5 Yes. 63...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Ccc of... - Applicability of General Provisions (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A) to Subpart CCC

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A) to Subpart CCC 1 Table 1 to Subpart CCC of Part 63 Protection of... Pt. 63, Subpt. CCC, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart CCC of Part 63—Applicability of General Provisions (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A) to Subpart CCC Reference Applies to Subpart CCC Explanation 63.1-63.5 Yes. 63...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Ccc of... - Applicability of General Provisions (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A) to Subpart CCC

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A) to Subpart CCC 1 Table 1 to Subpart CCC of Part 63 Protection of... Pt. 63, Subpt. CCC, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart CCC of Part 63—Applicability of General Provisions (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A) to Subpart CCC Reference Applies to Subpart CCC Explanation 63.1-63.5 Yes. 63...

--No Title--

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Genetic diversity and association mapping in the Colombian Central Collection of Solanum tuberosum L. Andigenum group using SNPs markers.

PubMed

Berdugo-Cely, Jhon; Valbuena, Raúl Iván; Sánchez-Betancourt, Erika; Barrero, Luz Stella; Yockteng, Roxana

2017-01-01

The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important crop food in the world and Colombia has one of the most important collections of potato germplasm in the world (the Colombian Central Collection-CCC). Little is known about its potential as a source of genetic diversity for molecular breeding programs. In this study, we analyzed 809 Andigenum group accessions from the CCC using 5968 SNPs to determine: 1) the genetic diversity and population structure of the Andigenum germplasm and 2) the usefulness of this collection to map qualitative traits across the potato genome. The genetic structure analysis based on principal components, cluster analyses, and Bayesian inference revealed that the CCC can be subdivided into two main groups associated with their ploidy level: Phureja (diploid) and Andigena (tetraploid). The Andigena population was more genetically diverse but less genetically substructured than the Phureja population (three vs. five subpopulations, respectively). The association mapping analysis of qualitative morphological data using 4666 SNPs showed 23 markers significantly associated with nine morphological traits. The present study showed that the CCC is a highly diverse germplasm collection genetically and phenotypically, useful to implement association mapping in order to identify genes related to traits of interest and to assist future potato genetic breeding programs.

Genetic diversity and association mapping in the Colombian Central Collection of Solanum tuberosum L. Andigenum group using SNPs markers

PubMed Central

Berdugo-Cely, Jhon; Valbuena, Raúl Iván; Sánchez-Betancourt, Erika; Barrero, Luz Stella

2017-01-01

The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important crop food in the world and Colombia has one of the most important collections of potato germplasm in the world (the Colombian Central Collection-CCC). Little is known about its potential as a source of genetic diversity for molecular breeding programs. In this study, we analyzed 809 Andigenum group accessions from the CCC using 5968 SNPs to determine: 1) the genetic diversity and population structure of the Andigenum germplasm and 2) the usefulness of this collection to map qualitative traits across the potato genome. The genetic structure analysis based on principal components, cluster analyses, and Bayesian inference revealed that the CCC can be subdivided into two main groups associated with their ploidy level: Phureja (diploid) and Andigena (tetraploid). The Andigena population was more genetically diverse but less genetically substructured than the Phureja population (three vs. five subpopulations, respectively). The association mapping analysis of qualitative morphological data using 4666 SNPs showed 23 markers significantly associated with nine morphological traits. The present study showed that the CCC is a highly diverse germplasm collection genetically and phenotypically, useful to implement association mapping in order to identify genes related to traits of interest and to assist future potato genetic breeding programs. PMID:28257509

CCC- and WASH-mediated endosomal sorting of LDLR is required for normal clearance of circulating LDL.

PubMed

Bartuzi, Paulina; Billadeau, Daniel D; Favier, Robert; Rong, Shunxing; Dekker, Daphne; Fedoseienko, Alina; Fieten, Hille; Wijers, Melinde; Levels, Johannes H; Huijkman, Nicolette; Kloosterhuis, Niels; van der Molen, Henk; Brufau, Gemma; Groen, Albert K; Elliott, Alison M; Kuivenhoven, Jan Albert; Plecko, Barbara; Grangl, Gernot; McGaughran, Julie; Horton, Jay D; Burstein, Ezra; Hofker, Marten H; van de Sluis, Bart

2016-03-11

The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) plays a pivotal role in clearing atherogenic circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Here we show that the COMMD/CCDC22/CCDC93 (CCC) and the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and SCAR homologue (WASH) complexes are both crucial for endosomal sorting of LDLR and for its function. We find that patients with X-linked intellectual disability caused by mutations in CCDC22 are hypercholesterolaemic, and that COMMD1-deficient dogs and liver-specific Commd1 knockout mice have elevated plasma LDL cholesterol levels. Furthermore, Commd1 depletion results in mislocalization of LDLR, accompanied by decreased LDL uptake. Increased total plasma cholesterol levels are also seen in hepatic COMMD9-deficient mice. Inactivation of the CCC-associated WASH complex causes LDLR mislocalization, increased lysosomal degradation of LDLR and impaired LDL uptake. Furthermore, a mutation in the WASH component KIAA0196 (strumpellin) is associated with hypercholesterolaemia in humans. Altogether, this study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms regulating cholesterol homeostasis and LDLR trafficking.

7 CFR 1493.70 - Guarantee rates and fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103... risk that CCC assumes, as determined by CCC, and any other factors which CCC determines appropriate for...

7 CFR 1493.70 - Guarantee rates and fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103... risk that CCC assumes, as determined by CCC, and any other factors which CCC determines appropriate for...

Colloidal Stability in Asymmetric Electrolytes: Modifications of the Schulze-Hardy Rule.

PubMed

Trefalt, Gregor; Szilagyi, Istvan; Téllez, Gabriel; Borkovec, Michal

2017-02-21

The Schulze-Hardy rule suggests a strong dependence of the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) on the ionic valence. This rule is addressed theoretically and confronted with recent experimental results. The commonly presented derivation of this rule assumes symmetric electrolytes and highly charged particles. Both assumptions are incorrect. Symmetric electrolytes containing multivalent ions are hardly soluble, and experiments are normally carried out with the well-soluble salts of asymmetric electrolytes containing monovalent and multivalent ions. In this situation, however, the behavior is completely different whether the multivalent ions represent the counterions or co-ions. When these ions represent the counterions, meaning that the multivalent ions have the opposite sign than the charge of the particle, they adsorb strongly to the particles. Thereby, they progressively reduce the magnitude of the surface charge with increasing valence. In fact, this dependence of the charge density on the counterion valence is mainly responsible for the decrease of the CCC with the valence. In the co-ion case, where the multivalent ions have the same sign as the charge of the particle, the multivalent ions are repelled from the particles, and the surfaces remain highly charged. In this case, the inverse Schulze-Hardy rule normally applies, whereby the CCC varies inversely proportional to the co-ion valence.

Plant Cation-Chloride Cotransporters (CCC): Evolutionary Origins and Functional Insights.

PubMed

Henderson, Sam W; Wege, Stefanie; Gilliham, Matthew

2018-02-06

Genomes of unicellular and multicellular green algae, mosses, grasses and dicots harbor genes encoding cation-chloride cotransporters (CCC). CCC proteins from the plant kingdom have been comparatively less well investigated than their animal counterparts, but proteins from both plants and animals have been shown to mediate ion fluxes, and are involved in regulation of osmotic processes. In this review, we show that CCC proteins from plants form two distinct phylogenetic clades (CCC1 and CCC2). Some lycophytes and bryophytes possess members from each clade, most land plants only have members of the CCC1 clade, and green algae possess only the CCC2 clade. It is currently unknown whether CCC1 and CCC2 proteins have similar or distinct functions, however they are both more closely related to animal KCC proteins compared to NKCCs. Existing heterologous expression systems that have been used to functionally characterize plant CCC proteins, namely yeast and Xenopus laevis oocytes, have limitations that are discussed. Studies from plants exposed to chemical inhibitors of animal CCC protein function are reviewed for their potential to discern CCC function in planta. Thus far, mutations in plant CCC genes have been evaluated only in two species of angiosperms, and such mutations cause a diverse array of phenotypes-seemingly more than could simply be explained by localized disruption of ion transport alone. We evaluate the putative roles of plant CCC proteins and suggest areas for future investigation.

7 CFR 1493.320 - Recovery of losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC... of loss to the exporter or the exporter's assignee, CCC will notify the foreign bank of CCC's rights... to the Treasurer, CCC. If such monies are not received by CCC within 15 days from the date of...

7 CFR 1404.7 - Misrepresentations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES ASSIGNMENT OF PAYMENTS § 1404.7 Misrepresentations. If FSA or CCC... executing Forms CCC-36, CCC-251 or CCC-252, FSA or CCC shall give notice thereof to the assignor and the assignee. If, after investigation and opportunity for the assignor and assignee to be heard, FSA or CCC...

7 CFR 1404.7 - Misrepresentations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES ASSIGNMENT OF PAYMENTS § 1404.7 Misrepresentations. If FSA or CCC... executing Forms CCC-36, CCC-251 or CCC-252, FSA or CCC shall give notice thereof to the assignor and the assignee. If, after investigation and opportunity for the assignor and assignee to be heard, FSA or CCC...

7 CFR 1493.520 - Recovery of losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC... of loss to the exporter or the exporter's assignee, CCC will notify the importer of CCC's rights..., CCC. If such monies are not received by CCC within 15 business days from the date of recovery by the...

7 CFR 1493.320 - Recovery of losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC... of loss to the exporter or the exporter's assignee, CCC will notify the foreign bank of CCC's rights... to the Treasurer, CCC. If such monies are not received by CCC within 15 days from the date of...

7 CFR 1404.7 - Misrepresentations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES ASSIGNMENT OF PAYMENTS § 1404.7 Misrepresentations. If FSA or CCC... executing Forms CCC-36, CCC-251 or CCC-252, FSA or CCC shall give notice thereof to the assignor and the assignee. If, after investigation and opportunity for the assignor and assignee to be heard, FSA or CCC...

7 CFR 1404.7 - Misrepresentations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES ASSIGNMENT OF PAYMENTS § 1404.7 Misrepresentations. If FSA or CCC... executing Forms CCC-36, CCC-251 or CCC-252, FSA or CCC shall give notice thereof to the assignor and the assignee. If, after investigation and opportunity for the assignor and assignee to be heard, FSA or CCC...

7 CFR 1493.520 - Recovery of losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC... of loss to the exporter or the exporter's assignee, CCC will notify the importer of CCC's rights..., CCC. If such monies are not received by CCC within 15 business days from the date of recovery by the...

7 CFR 1404.7 - Misrepresentations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES ASSIGNMENT OF PAYMENTS § 1404.7 Misrepresentations. If FSA or CCC... executing Forms CCC-36, CCC-251 or CCC-252, FSA or CCC shall give notice thereof to the assignor and the assignee. If, after investigation and opportunity for the assignor and assignee to be heard, FSA or CCC...

Sitewide monitoring at Agra, Kansas, June 2009.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, L. M.; Environmental Science Division

In 1985, carbon tetrachloride was discovered in the groundwater at Agra, Kansas, during routine sampling of public water supply wells. Two of Agra's four public water supply wells contained low but detectable levels of carbon tetrachloride; the concentrations in wells PWS-3 and PWS-4 exceeded the maximum contaminant level. These wells were removed from service in 1986, although they remain available for uses other than drinking water. Other public wells, outside the area of contamination, supply drinking water for the city of Agra. In 1987-2005, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) and the Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S.more » Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA) conducted investigations to delineate the contaminant plume and to identify source areas for the contamination - which results from the past use of grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride. Source areas were identified on the former CCC/USDA grain storage facility property and on the Producers Agricultural Marketing Association, Inc., property located to the south (Argonne 2006). The contaminant plume extends to the southeast, toward well PWS-3, from the identified source areas. Both the CCC/USDA and Pro-Ag Marketing are currently implementing KDHE-approved interim measures (IMs). To address the contamination identified on its former property, the CCC/USDA is implementing a source control IM consisting of large-diameter boreholes (LDBs) coupled with soil vapor extraction (SVE) and air sparging (AS). Pro-Ag Marketing plans to use groundwater extraction to address the downgradient plume. The CCC/USDA and Pro-Ag completed installation of the two interim measures in May 2009 and August 2009, respectively. The performance and assessments of the effectiveness of the IMs are being reported separately by the responsible entities. As part of the IM process, the KDHE (2008) requested the development of a joint sitewide groundwater monitoring plan to allow periodic assessment of the effectiveness of the separate IMs being implemented by the CCC/USDA and Pro-Ag, through monitoring of the level of contamination and the resulting change in both the extent and internal configuration of the downgradient plume. A Joint Work Plan for Sitewide Monitoring was developed by the CCC/USDA through its technical consultant, Argonne National Laboratory, and was reviewed, approved, and signed by Pro-Ag Marketing and subsequently submitted to the KDHE on May 12, 2009. The KDHE (2009a) provided comments on the Joint Work Plan on May 27, 2009, requesting submission of a revised version. To minimize delays, the KDHE allowed the CCC/USDA to proceed with the scheduled annual sampling proposed in the Joint Work Plan. The sampling was to be conducted according to the previously approved low-flow sampling methodology (Argonne 2009). Argonne conducted the first annual sampling event for the CCC/USDA on June 15-16, 2009. The finalized, signed version of the Joint Work Plan provided to the KDHE on November 9, 2009, is in Appendix A. Table 1.1 lists the monitoring and public water supply wells to be sampled under the Joint Work Plan, plus the wells being sampled to monitor the respective IMs. The entity responsible for each monitoring element is indicated, along with well completion dates and well registration numbers. The subject of this report is the initial sitewide groundwater sampling event that occurred on June 15-16, 2009, under the Joint Work Plan.« less

7 CFR 1493.200 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC... Commodity Credit Corporation's (CCC) Facility Guarantee Program (FGP). CCC will issue facility payment... payment guarantee issued by CCC. ...

7 CFR 1493.200 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC... Commodity Credit Corporation's (CCC) Facility Guarantee Program (FGP). CCC will issue facility payment... payment guarantee issued by CCC. ...

7 CFR 1494.601 - Acceptance of offers by CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Acceptance of offers by CCC. 1494.601 Section 1494....601 Acceptance of offers by CCC. (a) Establishment of acceptable sales prices and CCC bonuses. For each Invitation, CCC will establish sales prices for the eligible commodity and CCC bonus amounts which...

7 CFR 1494.601 - Acceptance of offers by CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Acceptance of offers by CCC. 1494.601 Section 1494....601 Acceptance of offers by CCC. (a) Establishment of acceptable sales prices and CCC bonuses. For each Invitation, CCC will establish sales prices for the eligible commodity and CCC bonus amounts which...

7 CFR 1494.601 - Acceptance of offers by CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Acceptance of offers by CCC. 1494.601 Section 1494....601 Acceptance of offers by CCC. (a) Establishment of acceptable sales prices and CCC bonuses. For each Invitation, CCC will establish sales prices for the eligible commodity and CCC bonus amounts which...

Increased calcium absorption from synthetic stable amorphous calcium carbonate: double-blind randomized crossover clinical trial in postmenopausal women.

PubMed

Vaisman, Nachum; Shaltiel, Galit; Daniely, Michal; Meiron, Oren E; Shechter, Assaf; Abrams, Steven A; Niv, Eva; Shapira, Yami; Sagi, Amir

2014-10-01

Calcium supplementation is a widely recognized strategy for achieving adequate calcium intake. We designed this blinded, randomized, crossover interventional trial to compare the bioavailability of a new stable synthetic amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) with that of crystalline calcium carbonate (CCC) using the dual stable isotope technique. The study was conducted in the Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel. The study population included 15 early postmenopausal women aged 54.9 ± 2.8 (mean ± SD) years with no history of major medical illness or metabolic bone disorder, excess calcium intake, or vitamin D deficiency. Standardized breakfast was followed by randomly provided CCC or ACC capsules containing 192 mg elemental calcium labeled with 44Ca at intervals of at least 3 weeks. After swallowing the capsules, intravenous CaCl2 labeled with 42Ca on was administered on each occasion. Fractional calcium absorption (FCA) of ACC and CCC was calculated from the 24-hour urine collection following calcium administration. The results indicated that FCA of ACC was doubled (± 0.96 SD) on average compared to that of CCC (p < 0.02). The higher absorption of the synthetic stable ACC may serve as a more efficacious way of calcium supplementation. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Activity Enhancement of G-Quadruplex/Hemin DNAzyme by Flanking d(CCC).

PubMed

Chang, Tianjun; Gong, Hongmei; Ding, Pi; Liu, Xiangjun; Li, Weiguo; Bing, Tao; Cao, Zehui; Shangguan, Dihua

2016-03-14

G-quadruplex (G4)/hemin DNAzymes have been extensively applied in bioanalysis and molecular devices. However, their catalytic activity is still much lower than that of proteinous enzymes. The G4/hemin DNAzyme activity is correlated with the G4 conformations and the solution conditions. However, little is known about the effect of the flanking sequences on the activity, though they are important parts of G4s. Here, we report sequences containing d(CCC), flanked on both ends of the G4-core sequences remarkably enhance their DNAzyme activity. By using circular dichroism and UV-visible spectroscopy, the d(CCC) flanking sequences were demonstrated to improve the hemin binding affinity to G4s instead of increasing the parallel G4 formation, which might explain the enhanced DNAzyme activity. Meanwhile, the increased hemin binding ability promoted the degradation of hemin within the DNAzyme by H2O2. Furthermore, the DNAzyme with d(CCC) flanking sequences showed strong tolerance to pH value changes, which makes it more suitable for applications requiring wide pH conditions. The results highlight the influence of the flanking sequences on the DNAzyme activity and provide insightful information for the design of highly active DNAzymes. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Plant Cation-Chloride Cotransporters (CCC): Evolutionary Origins and Functional Insights

PubMed Central

Gilliham, Matthew

2018-01-01

Genomes of unicellular and multicellular green algae, mosses, grasses and dicots harbor genes encoding cation-chloride cotransporters (CCC). CCC proteins from the plant kingdom have been comparatively less well investigated than their animal counterparts, but proteins from both plants and animals have been shown to mediate ion fluxes, and are involved in regulation of osmotic processes. In this review, we show that CCC proteins from plants form two distinct phylogenetic clades (CCC1 and CCC2). Some lycophytes and bryophytes possess members from each clade, most land plants only have members of the CCC1 clade, and green algae possess only the CCC2 clade. It is currently unknown whether CCC1 and CCC2 proteins have similar or distinct functions, however they are both more closely related to animal KCC proteins compared to NKCCs. Existing heterologous expression systems that have been used to functionally characterize plant CCC proteins, namely yeast and Xenopus laevis oocytes, have limitations that are discussed. Studies from plants exposed to chemical inhibitors of animal CCC protein function are reviewed for their potential to discern CCC function in planta. Thus far, mutations in plant CCC genes have been evaluated only in two species of angiosperms, and such mutations cause a diverse array of phenotypes—seemingly more than could simply be explained by localized disruption of ion transport alone. We evaluate the putative roles of plant CCC proteins and suggest areas for future investigation. PMID:29415511

7 CFR 1404.4 - Execution of assignment form.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... assignment form. (a)(1) The assignment of any FSA or CCC payment must be made by the execution of Form CCC-36 or Forms CCC-251 and CCC-252. Form CCC-36 is applicable to payments made under programs administered... applicable to any other program which is administered by a county ASC committee. Forms CCC-251 and 252 are...

7 CFR 1404.4 - Execution of assignment form.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... assignment form. (a)(1) The assignment of any FSA or CCC payment must be made by the execution of Form CCC-36 or Forms CCC-251 and CCC-252. Form CCC-36 is applicable to payments made under programs administered... applicable to any other program which is administered by a county ASC committee. Forms CCC-251 and 252 are...

7 CFR 1404.4 - Execution of assignment form.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... assignment form. (a)(1) The assignment of any FSA or CCC payment must be made by the execution of Form CCC-36 or Forms CCC-251 and CCC-252. Form CCC-36 is applicable to payments made under programs administered... applicable to any other program which is administered by a county ASC committee. Forms CCC-251 and 252 are...

7 CFR 1404.4 - Execution of assignment form.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... assignment form. (a)(1) The assignment of any FSA or CCC payment must be made by the execution of Form CCC-36 or Forms CCC-251 and CCC-252. Form CCC-36 is applicable to payments made under programs administered... applicable to any other program which is administered by a county ASC committee. Forms CCC-251 and 252 are...

7 CFR 1404.4 - Execution of assignment form.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... assignment form. (a)(1) The assignment of any FSA or CCC payment must be made by the execution of Form CCC-36 or Forms CCC-251 and CCC-252. Form CCC-36 is applicable to payments made under programs administered... applicable to any other program which is administered by a county ASC committee. Forms CCC-251 and 252 are...

Final report : phase I investigation at the former CCC/USDA grain storage facility in Savannah, Missouri.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, L. M.; Environmental Science Division

From approximately 1949 until 1970, the Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA) operated a grain storage facility on federally owned property approximately 0.25 mi northwest of Savannah, Missouri (Figure 1.1). During this time, commercial grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were commonly used by the CCC/USDA and the private grain storage industry to preserve grain in their facilities. In November 1998, carbon tetrachloride was detected in a private well (Morgan) roughly 50 ft south of the former CCC/USDA facility, as a result of state-wide screening of private wells near former CCC/USDA facilities, conducted in Missouri by themore » U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 1999). The 1998 and subsequent investigations by the EPA and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MoDNR) confirmed the presence of carbon tetrachloride in the Morgan well, as well as in a second well (on property currently owned and occupied by the Missouri Department of Transportation [MoDOT]), described as being approximately 400 ft east of the former CCC/USDA facility. The identified concentrations in these two wells were above the EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) and the default target level (DTL) values of 5.0 {micro}g/L for carbon tetrachloride in water used for domestic purposes (EPA 1999; MoDNR 2000a,b, 2006). (The DTL is defined in Section 4.) Because the observed contamination in the Morgan and MoDOT wells might be linked to the past use of carbon tetrachloride-based fumigants at its former grain storage facility, the CCC/USDA is conducting an investigation to (1) characterize the source(s), extent, and factors controlling the subsurface distribution and movement of carbon tetrachloride at Savannah and (2) evaluate the potential risks to human health, public welfare, and the environment posed by the contamination. This work is being performed in accord with the Intergovernmental Agreement established between the Farm Service Agency of the USDA and the MoDNR, to address carbon tetrachloride contamination potentially associated with a number of former CCC/USDA grain storage facilities in Missouri. The site characterization at Savannah is being conducted on behalf of the CCC/USDA by the Environmental Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory. A phased approach is being employed by the CCC/USDA and Argonne, with the approval of the MoDNR, so that information obtained and interpretations developed during each incremental stage of the study can be used most effectively to guide subsequent aspects of the program. This report presents the technical findings of Phase I of Argonne's studies. The Phase I investigation was undertaken in accord with the final site-specific Phase I Work Plan for Savannah (Argonne 2007), as well as with the Master Work Plan (MWPK) for CCC/USDAArgonne operations in the state of Kansas (Argonne 2002), which the MoDNR reviewed and approved (with minor revisions) for temporary use in Missouri to facilitate the start-up of the CCC/USDA's activities at Savannah. (Argonne is developing a similar Master Work Plan for operations in Missouri that is based on the existing MWPK, with the approval of the MoDNR. The Missouri document has not been finalized, however, at this time.) The site-specific Savannah Work Plan (Argonne 2007; approved by the MoDNR [2007a]) (1) summarized the pre-existing knowledge base for the Savannah investigation site compiled by Argonne and (2) described the site-specific technical objectives and the intended scope of work developed for this phase of the investigation. Four primary technical objectives were identified for the Phase I studies, as follows: (1) Update the previous (MoDNR 2000a,b) inventory and status of private wells in the immediate vicinity of the former CCC/USDA grain storage facility, and sample the identified wells for analyses for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and geochemical constituents. (2) Investigate for possible evidence of a soil source of carbon tetrachloride contamination to groundwater beneath the former CCC/USDA facility. (3) Obtain preliminary information on the site-specific lithologies and hydrostratigraphy at the former CCC/USDA grain storage location. (4) Establish preliminary groundwater monitoring points, to investigate the patterns of groundwater movement affecting possible contaminant migration near the former CCC/USDA facility.« less

7 CFR 1493.200 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program... (CCC) Facility Guarantee Program (FGP). CCC will issue facility payment guarantees for project... so, will be incorporated by reference on the face of the facility payment guarantee issued by CCC. ...

7 CFR 1493.200 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program... (CCC) Facility Guarantee Program (FGP). CCC will issue facility payment guarantees for project... so, will be incorporated by reference on the face of the facility payment guarantee issued by CCC. ...

7 CFR 1493.200 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program... (CCC) Facility Guarantee Program (FGP). CCC will issue facility payment guarantees for project... so, will be incorporated by reference on the face of the facility payment guarantee issued by CCC. ...

7 CFR 1493.130 - Recovery of losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103... exporter's assignee, CCC will notify the foreign bank of CCC's rights under the subrogation agreement to...

7 CFR 1493.60 - Payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.60 Payment guarantee. (a) CCC's obligation. The payment guarantee will provide that CCC agrees to pay the...

7 CFR 1493.60 - Payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.60 Payment guarantee. (a) CCC's obligation. The payment guarantee will provide that CCC...

7 CFR 1493.130 - Recovery of losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103... exporter's assignee, CCC will notify the foreign bank of CCC's rights under the subrogation agreement to...

7 CFR 1493.60 - Payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.60 Payment guarantee. (a) CCC's obligation. The payment guarantee will provide that CCC agrees to pay the...

7 CFR 1493.60 - Payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.60 Payment guarantee. (a) CCC's obligation. The payment guarantee will provide that CCC...

7 CFR 1493.60 - Payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.60 Payment guarantee. (a) CCC's obligation. The payment guarantee will provide that CCC agrees to pay the...

Cross-Cultural Medical Care Training and Education: a National Survey of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Fellows-in-Training and Fellowship Program Directors.

PubMed

Nageswara Rao, Amulya A; Warad, Deepti M; Weaver, Amy L; Schleck, Cathy D; Rodriguez, Vilmarie

2018-01-27

Pediatric hematologists/oncologists face complex situations such as breaking bad news, treatment/clinical trials discussions, and end-of-life/hospice care. With increasing diversity in patient and physician populations, cultural competency and sensitivity training covering different aspects of pediatric hematology/oncology (PDHO) care can help improve health care delivery and reduce disparities. Though it is considered a required component of fellowship training, there is no clearly defined curriculum meant specifically for PDHO fellows-in-training (PDHO-F). A national online survey of 356 PDHO-F and 67 PDHO program directors (PDHO-PD) was conducted to assess the educational experience, perceptions about identifying barriers including one's own biases and trainee comfort in delivering culturally sensitive care in various PDHO relevant clinical situations. One hundred and eleven (31.2%) PDHO-F and 27 (40.3%) PDHO-PD responded. 30.6% of PDHO-F "strongly agreed/agreed" they received comprehensive cross-cultural communication (CCC) training. The top two teaching methods were faculty role modeling and informal teaching. Majority of CCC training is in medical school or residency and only 10.8% of PDHO-F reported that most of their CCC training was in fellowship. In most clinical situations, there was a modest direct correlation between the fellow's level of agreement that they received comprehensive CCC training and their comfort level. Comfort level with some clinical situations was also significantly different based on year of training. Fellowship training programs should have CCC curricula which use experiential learning models and lay the foundation for promoting cultural awareness, self-reflection, and better patient-physician partnerships which can eventually adapt to and surmount the challenges unique to the physician's chosen field of practice.

7 CFR 1493.520 - Recovery of losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee... or the exporter's assignee, CCC will notify the importer of CCC's rights under the subrogation... source whatsoever, such monies shall be immediately paid to the Treasurer, CCC. If such monies are not...

7 CFR 1493.520 - Recovery of losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee... or the exporter's assignee, CCC will notify the importer of CCC's rights under the subrogation... source whatsoever, such monies shall be immediately paid to the Treasurer, CCC. If such monies are not...

7 CFR 1493.320 - Recovery of losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program... or the exporter's assignee, CCC will notify the foreign bank of CCC's rights under the subrogation... bank or any other source whatsoever, such monies shall be immediately paid to the Treasurer, CCC. If...

7 CFR 1493.520 - Recovery of losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee... or the exporter's assignee, CCC will notify the importer of CCC's rights under the subrogation... source whatsoever, such monies shall be immediately paid to the Treasurer, CCC. If such monies are not...

7 CFR 1493.320 - Recovery of losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program... or the exporter's assignee, CCC will notify the foreign bank of CCC's rights under the subrogation... bank or any other source whatsoever, such monies shall be immediately paid to the Treasurer, CCC. If...

7 CFR 1493.320 - Recovery of losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program... or the exporter's assignee, CCC will notify the foreign bank of CCC's rights under the subrogation... bank or any other source whatsoever, such monies shall be immediately paid to the Treasurer, CCC. If...

Fresh Water Cyanobacteria Geitlerinema sp. CCC728 and Arthrospira sp. CCC729 as an Anticancer Drug Resource.

PubMed

Srivastava, Akanksha; Tiwari, Ratnakar; Srivastava, Vikas; Singh, Tej Bali; Asthana, Ravi Kumar

2015-01-01

An increasing number of cancer patients worldwide, especially in third world countries, have raised concern to explore natural drug resources, such as the less explored fresh water filamentous cyanobacteria. Six strains of cyanobacteria (Phormidium sp. CCC727, Geitlerinema sp. CCC728, Arthrospira sp. CCC729, Phormidium sp. CCC731, Phormidium sp. CCC730, and Leptolyngbya sp. CCC732) were isolated (paddy fields and ponds in the Banaras Hindu University, campus) and five strains screened for anticancer potential using human colon adenocarcinoma (HT29) and human kidney adenocarcinoma (A498) cancer cell lines. Geitlerinema sp. CCC728 and Arthrospira sp. CCC729 were the most potent as determined by examination of morphological features and by inhibition of growth by graded concentrations of crude extracts and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) eluates. Cell cycle analysis and multiplex assays using cancer biomarkers also confirmed Geitlerinema sp. CCC728 and Arthrospira sp. CCC729 as cancer drug resources. Apoptotic studies in the cells of A498 (cancer) and MCF-10A (normal human epithelial) exposed to crude extracts and TLC fractions revealed no significant impact on MCF-10A cells emphasizing its importance in the development of anticancer drug. Identification of biomolecules from these extracts are in progress.

Fresh Water Cyanobacteria Geitlerinema sp. CCC728 and Arthrospira sp. CCC729 as an Anticancer Drug Resource

PubMed Central

Tiwari, Ratnakar; Srivastava, Vikas

2015-01-01

An increasing number of cancer patients worldwide, especially in third world countries, have raised concern to explore natural drug resources, such as the less explored fresh water filamentous cyanobacteria. Six strains of cyanobacteria (Phormidium sp. CCC727, Geitlerinema sp. CCC728, Arthrospira sp. CCC729, Phormidium sp. CCC731, Phormidium sp. CCC730, and Leptolyngbya sp. CCC732) were isolated (paddy fields and ponds in the Banaras Hindu University, campus) and five strains screened for anticancer potential using human colon adenocarcinoma (HT29) and human kidney adenocarcinoma (A498) cancer cell lines. Geitlerinema sp. CCC728 and Arthrospira sp. CCC729 were the most potent as determined by examination of morphological features and by inhibition of growth by graded concentrations of crude extracts and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) eluates. Cell cycle analysis and multiplex assays using cancer biomarkers also confirmed Geitlerinema sp. CCC728 and Arthrospira sp. CCC729 as cancer drug resources. Apoptotic studies in the cells of A498 (cancer) and MCF-10A (normal human epithelial) exposed to crude extracts and TLC fractions revealed no significant impact on MCF-10A cells emphasizing its importance in the development of anticancer drug. Identification of biomolecules from these extracts are in progress. PMID:26325186

7 CFR 1407.3 - Procurement debarment and suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Procurement debarment and suspension. CCC will proceed under this part when taking action to debar or suspend contractors with CCC or participants or potential participants in CCC's procurement activities. CCC will apply... debarring and suspending official will be the Executive Vice President, CCC, or a designee. ...

7 CFR 1493.260 - Facility payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP) Operations § 1493.260 Facility payment guarantee. (a) CCC's maximum obligation. CCC will agree to... fails to pay under the foreign bank letter of credit or related obligation. The exact amount of CCC's...

7 CFR 1407.3 - Procurement debarment and suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Procurement debarment and suspension. CCC will proceed under this part when taking action to debar or suspend contractors with CCC or participants or potential participants in CCC's procurement activities. CCC will apply... debarring and suspending official will be the Executive Vice President, CCC, or a designee. ...

7 CFR 1407.3 - Procurement debarment and suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Procurement debarment and suspension. CCC will proceed under this part when taking action to debar or suspend contractors with CCC or participants or potential participants in CCC's procurement activities. CCC will apply... debarring and suspending official will be the Executive Vice President, CCC, or a designee. ...

7 CFR 1407.3 - Procurement debarment and suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Procurement debarment and suspension. CCC will proceed under this part when taking action to debar or suspend contractors with CCC or participants or potential participants in CCC's procurement activities. CCC will apply... debarring and suspending official will be the Executive Vice President, CCC, or a designee. ...

7 CFR 1493.260 - Facility payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP) Operations § 1493.260 Facility payment guarantee. (a) CCC's maximum obligation. CCC will agree to... fails to pay under the foreign bank letter of credit or related obligation. The exact amount of CCC's...

7 CFR 1407.3 - Procurement debarment and suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Procurement debarment and suspension. CCC will proceed under this part when taking action to debar or suspend contractors with CCC or participants or potential participants in CCC's procurement activities. CCC will apply... debarring and suspending official will be the Executive Vice President, CCC, or a designee. ...

7 CFR 1493.260 - Facility payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP) Operations § 1493.260 Facility payment guarantee. (a) CCC's maximum obligation. CCC will agree to... fails to pay under the foreign bank letter of credit or related obligation. The exact amount of CCC's...

Oxygen isotopic relationships between the LEW85332 carbonaceous chondrite and CR chondrites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prinz, M.; Weisberg, M. K.; Clayton, R. N.; Mayeda, T. K.

1993-01-01

LEW85332, originally described as a unique C3 chondrite, was shown to be a C2 chondrite with important linkages to the CR clan. An important petrologic aspect of LEW85332 is that it contains anhydrous chondrules and hydrated matrix, and new oxygen isotopic data on chondrules, matrix and whole rock are consistent with the petrology. Chondrules fall on the equilibrated chondrite line (ECL), with a slope near 1, which goes through ordinary chondrite chondrules. This contrasts with the CR chondrule line which has a lower slope due to hydrated components. LEW85332 chondrules define a new carbonaceous chondrite chondrule line, parallel to the anhydrous CV chondrule line (CCC), consistent with the well-established concept of two oxygen isotopic reservoirs. Matrix and whole rock fall on the CR line. The whole rock composition indicates that the chondrite is dominated by chondrules, and that most of them contain light oxygen similar to that of anhydrous olivine and pyroxene separates in the Renazzo and Al Rais CR chondrites.

7 CFR 1435.401 - CCC sugar inventory disposition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false CCC sugar inventory disposition. 1435.401 Section... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS SUGAR PROGRAM Disposition of CCC Inventory § 1435.401 CCC sugar inventory disposition. (a) CCC will dispose of inventory in the following...

7 CFR 1488.13 - CCC drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false CCC drafts. 1488.13 Section 1488.13 Agriculture... Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Bank Obligations and Repayment § 1488.13 CCC drafts. CCC will draw one draft for each payment due under...

7 CFR 1488.14 - Interest charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Bank Obligations and Repayment § 1488.14 Interest charges. The account receivable assigned to CCC and..., CCC after consultation with the Controller, CCC, to be in the interest of CCC, be lower than the...

7 CFR 1488.13 - CCC drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false CCC drafts. 1488.13 Section 1488.13 Agriculture... Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Bank Obligations and Repayment § 1488.13 CCC drafts. CCC will draw one draft for each payment due under...

7 CFR 1488.14 - Interest charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Bank Obligations and Repayment § 1488.14 Interest charges. The account receivable assigned to CCC and..., CCC after consultation with the Controller, CCC, to be in the interest of CCC, be lower than the...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, L. M.

The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), operated grain storage facilities at two different locations at Everest, Kansas (Figure 1.1). One facility (referred to in this report as the Everest facility) was at the western edge of the city of Everest. The CCC/USDA operated this facility from 1950 until the early 1970s. The second facility (referred to in this report as Everest East) was about 0.5 mi northeast of the town. The CCC/USDA operated this facility from 1954 until the early 1970s. While these two former CCC/USDA grain storage facilities were in operation,more » commercial grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were in common use by the CCC/USDA and the private grain storage industry to preserve grain. In 1997, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) sampled several domestic drinking water and nondrinking water wells in the Everest area. The KDHE sampling was part of the CCC/USDA Private Well Sampling Program, which was initiated to determine whether carbon tetrachloride was present in domestic wells near former CCC/USDA grain storage facilities in Kansas. All of the sampled domestic drinking water wells were located outside the Everest city boundaries. As a result of this sampling, carbon tetrachloride contamination was identified at a single domestic drinking water well (the Nigh well; DW06) approximately 3/8 mi northwest of the former Everest CCC/USDA grain storage facility. The CCC/USDA subsequently connected the Nigh residence to the Everest municipal water system. As a result of the detection of carbon tetrachloride in this well, the KDHE conducted preliminary investigations to further evaluate the existence of contamination and its potential effect on public health and the environment. The KDHE concluded that carbon tetrachloride in groundwater at Everest might, in part, be linked to historical use of carbon tetrachloride-based grain fumigants at the former CCC/USDA facilities. For this reason, the CCC/USDA is conducting an environmental site investigation to determine the source(s) and extent of the carbon tetrachloride contamination at Everest and to assess whether the contamination requires remedial action. The investigation at Everest is being performed by the Environmental Research Division of Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne is a nonprofit, multidisciplinary research center operated by the University of Chicago for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The CCC/USDA has entered into an interagency agreement with DOE, under which Argonne provides technical assistance to the CCC/USDA with environmental site characterization and remediation at its former grain storage facilities. At these facilities, Argonne is applying its QuickSite{reg_sign} environmental site characterization methodology. This methodology has been applied successfully at a number of former CCC/USDA facilities in Kansas and Nebraska and has been adopted by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM 1998) as standard practice for environmental site characterization. Phase I of the QuickSite{reg_sign} investigation examined the key geologic, hydrogeologic, and hydrogeochemical relationships that define potential contaminant migration pathways at Everest (Argonne 2001). Phase II of the QuickSite{reg_sign} investigation at Everest was undertaken with the primary goal of delineating and improving understanding of the distribution of carbon tetrachloride contamination in groundwater at this site and the potential source area(s) that might have contributed to this contamination. To address this goal, four specific technical objectives were developed to guide the Phase II field studies. Sampling of near-surface soils at the former Everest CCC/USDA facility that was originally planned for Phase I had to be postponed until October 2000 because of access restrictions. Viable vegetation was not available for sampling then. This period is termed the first session of Phase II field work at Everest. The main session of field work for the Phase II QuickSite{reg_sign} investigation of the Everest site began on March 6, 2001. Work was suspended at the site on April 6, 2001, (1) because of access limitations to key properties, located north and west of the former CCC/USDA facility, imposed by the private owners at the onset of the spring planting season and (2) to permit further documentation by Argonne, at the request of the CCC/USDA, of the land use and ownership history of the Nigh property as a precursor to completion of the field work. This period is termed the second session of Phase II field work at Everest. Investigation of the Nigh property history was prompted by groundwater contamination evidence obtained during the second session of Phase II field activities (discussed in Section 3.7).« less

Twenty-nine-gauge dual-chandelier retroillumination for the non-open-sky continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis in the penetrating keratoplasty triple procedure.

PubMed

Yokokura, Shunji; Hariya, Takehiro; Kobayashi, Wataru; Meguro, Yasuhiko; Nishida, Kohji; Nakazawa, Toru

2017-03-01

We describe a technique for the penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) triple procedure that uses 29-gauge dual-chandelier illumination during creation of a non-open-sky continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC). The chandeliers are inserted through the pars plana into the vitreous cavity through the bulbar conjunctiva at the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock positions. We compared this approach with that of a core vitrectomy, in which a single 25-gauge port is inserted into the vitreous cavity transconjunctivally through the upper temporal pars plana. The area of halation around the corneal opacity was significantly smaller in the 29-gauge group than in the 25-gauge group. The reduction in halation improved visibility of the anterior capsule and enabled the surgeon to perform CCC with greater safety. The 29-gauge chandelier system was more suitable than the 25-gauge chandelier system for the non-open-sky CCC component of the PKP triple procedure. Copyright © 2017 ASCRS and ESCRS. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

CCC- and WASH-mediated endosomal sorting of LDLR is required for normal clearance of circulating LDL

PubMed Central

Bartuzi, Paulina; Billadeau, Daniel D.; Favier, Robert; Rong, Shunxing; Dekker, Daphne; Fedoseienko, Alina; Fieten, Hille; Wijers, Melinde; Levels, Johannes H.; Huijkman, Nicolette; Kloosterhuis, Niels; van der Molen, Henk; Brufau, Gemma; Groen, Albert K.; Elliott, Alison M.; Kuivenhoven, Jan Albert; Plecko, Barbara; Grangl, Gernot; McGaughran, Julie; Horton, Jay D.; Burstein, Ezra; Hofker, Marten H.; van de Sluis, Bart

2016-01-01

The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) plays a pivotal role in clearing atherogenic circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Here we show that the COMMD/CCDC22/CCDC93 (CCC) and the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein and SCAR homologue (WASH) complexes are both crucial for endosomal sorting of LDLR and for its function. We find that patients with X-linked intellectual disability caused by mutations in CCDC22 are hypercholesterolaemic, and that COMMD1-deficient dogs and liver-specific Commd1 knockout mice have elevated plasma LDL cholesterol levels. Furthermore, Commd1 depletion results in mislocalization of LDLR, accompanied by decreased LDL uptake. Increased total plasma cholesterol levels are also seen in hepatic COMMD9-deficient mice. Inactivation of the CCC-associated WASH complex causes LDLR mislocalization, increased lysosomal degradation of LDLR and impaired LDL uptake. Furthermore, a mutation in the WASH component KIAA0196 (strumpellin) is associated with hypercholesterolaemia in humans. Altogether, this study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms regulating cholesterol homeostasis and LDLR trafficking. PMID:26965651

ALMA view of the massive dense clump in the Galactic center 50 km s-1 molecular cloud .

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uehara, K.; Tsuboi, M.; Kitamura, Y.; Miyawaki, R.; Miyazaki, A.

We observed the 50 km s-1 molecular cloud with a high angular resolution (˜1.5 arcsec) using ALMA in the H13CO+ J=1-0, C34S J=2-1, CS J=2-1 and SiO v=0 J=2-1 emission lines. This cloud is a candidate for the massive star forming region induced by cloud-cloud collision (CCC). We newly found a massive dense clump (DC1) with a size of ˜0.3 pc in the CCC region of the cloud in the H13CO+ J=1-0 map. The DC1 seems to be located on a line where the four HII regions line up. Furthermore, the DC1 has a broad velocity width covering ˜30 km s-1 and ˜60 km s-1 components in the CS J=2-1 map; the 30 km s-1 component has filamentary structures and the 60 km s-1 one a sheet-like structure. From the position-velocity diagrams of the H13CO+ J=1-0 and CS J=2-1 lines and the intensity ratio of T(SiO v=0 J=2-1)/T(H13CO+ J=1-0), i.e., a shock tracer, we consider that the DC1 has formed by the CCC between the filaments and the sheet-like gas. The LTE mass and virial parameter of the DC1 is estimated to be ˜1.3×104 M_ȯ and ˜5, respectively. These facts suggest that the DC1 is likely in a gravitationally bound state and may start massive star formation. We propose a scenario that the CCC induced the massive star formation in the HII region A ˜105 years ago and now causes the formation and collapse of the DC1; the clump would evolve to an HII region within ˜105 years.

Final work plan : Phase I investigation of potential contamination at the former CCC/USDA grain storage facility in Savannah, Missouri.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, L. M.; Environmental Science Division

From approximately 1949 until 1970, the Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA) operated a grain storage facility on federally owned property approximately 0.25 mi northwest of Savannah, Missouri. During this time, commercial grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were commonly used by the CCC/USDA and the private grain storage industry to preserve grain in their facilities. In November 1998, carbon tetrachloride was detected in a private well (Morgan) roughly 50 ft south of the former CCC/USDA facility, as a result of state-wide screening of private wells near former CCC/USDA facilities, conducted in Missouri by the U.S. Environmentalmore » Protection Agency (EPA 1999). The 1998 and subsequent investigations by the EPA and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MoDNR) confirmed the presence of carbon tetrachloride in the Morgan well, as well as in a second well (on property currently occupied by the Missouri Department of Transportation [MoDOT]), approximately 400 ft east of the former CCC/USDA facility. Carbon tetrachloride concentrations in the Morgan well have ranged from the initial value of 29 {micro}g/L in 1998, up to a maximum of 61 {micro}g/L in 1999, and back down to 22 {micro}g/L in 2005. The carbon tetrachloride concentration in the MoDOT well in 2000 (the only time it was sampled) was 321 {micro}g/L. The concentrations for the two wells are above the EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 5 {micro}g/L for carbon tetrachloride (EPA 1999; MoDNR 2000a,b). Because the observed contamination in the Morgan and MoDOT wells might be linked to the past use of carbon tetrachloride-based grain fumigants at its former grain storage facility, the CCC/USDA will conduct investigations to (1) characterize the source(s), extent, and factors controlling the subsurface distribution and movement of carbon tetrachloride at Savannah and (2) evaluate the health and environmental threats potentially posed by the contamination. This work will be performed in accord with the Intergovernmental Agreement established between the Farm Service Agency of the USDA and MoDNR, to address carbon tetrachloride contamination potentially associated with a number of former CCC/USDA grain storage facilities in Missouri. The investigative activities at Savannah will be conducted on behalf of the CCC/USDA by the Environmental Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne is a nonprofit, multidisciplinary research center operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The CCC/USDA has entered into an agreement with the DOE, under which Argonne provides technical assistance to the CCC/USDA with environmental site characterization and remediation at its former grain storage facilities. The site characterization at Savannah will take place in phases. This approach is recommended by the CCC/USDA and Argonne, so that information obtained and interpretations developed during each incremental stage of the investigation can be used most effectively to guide subsequent phases of the program. This site-specific Work Plan outlines the specific technical objectives and scope of work proposed for Phase I of the Savannah investigation. This Work Plan also includes the community relations plan to be followed throughout the CCC/USDA program at the Savannah site. Argonne is developing a Master Work Plan specific to operations in the state of Missouri. In the meantime, Argonne will issue a Provisional Master Work Plan (PMWP; Argonne 2007) that will be submitted to the MoDNR for review and approval. The agency has already reviewed and approved (with minor changes) the present Master Work Plan (Argonne 2002) under which Argonne currently operates in Kansas. The PMWP (Argonne 2007) will provide detailed information and guidance on the investigative technologies, analytical methodologies, quality assurance-quality control measures, and general health and safety policies to be employed by Argonne for all investigations at former CCC/USDA grain storage facilities in Missouri. Both the PMWP and this site-specific Work Plan must therefore be consulted for a complete description of the planned Phase I work at the former CCC/USDA facility at Savannah.« less

Identification of Disubstituted Sulfonamide Compounds as Specific Inhibitors of Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA Formation

PubMed Central

Cai, Dawei; Mills, Courtney; Yu, Wenquan; Yan, Ran; Aldrich, Carol E.; Saputelli, Jeffry R.; Mason, William S.; Xu, Xiaodong; Guo, Ju-Tao; Block, Timothy M.

2012-01-01

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) plays a central role in viral infection and persistence and is the basis for viral rebound after the cessation of therapy, as well as the elusiveness of a cure even after extended treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutic agents that directly target cccDNA formation and maintenance. By employing an innovative cell-based cccDNA assay in which secreted HBV e antigen is a cccDNA-dependent surrogate, we screened an in-house small-molecule library consisting of 85,000 drug-like compounds. Two structurally related disubstituted sulfonamides (DSS), termed CCC-0975 and CCC-0346, emerged and were confirmed as inhibitors of cccDNA production, with low micromolar 50% effective concentrations (EC50s) in cell culture. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that DSS compound treatment neither directly inhibited HBV DNA replication in cell culture nor reduced viral polymerase activity in the in vitro endogenous polymerase assay but synchronously reduced the levels of HBV cccDNA and its putative precursor, deproteinized relaxed circular DNA (DP-rcDNA). However, DSS compounds did not promote the intracellular decay of HBV DP-rcDNA and cccDNA, suggesting that the compounds interfere primarily with rcDNA conversion into cccDNA. In addition, we demonstrated that CCC-0975 was able to reduce cccDNA biosynthesis in duck HBV-infected primary duck hepatocytes. This is the first attempt, to our knowledge, to identify small molecules that target cccDNA formation, and DSS compounds thus potentially serve as proof-of-concept drug candidates for development into therapeutics to eliminate cccDNA from chronic HBV infection. PMID:22644022

Structures, fragmentation, and protonation of trideoxynucleotide CCC mono- and dianions.

PubMed

Anichina, Janna; Feil, Stefan; Uggerud, Einar; Bohme, Diethard K

2008-07-01

Both quantum chemical calculations and ESI mass spectrometry are used here to explore the gas-phase structures, energies, and stabilities against collision-induced dissociation of a relatively small model DNA molecule--a trideoxynucleotide with the sequence CCC, in its singly and doubly deprotonated forms, (CCC-H)(-) and (CCC-2H)(2-), respectively. Also, the gas-phase reactivity of these two anions was measured with HBr, a potential proton donor, using an ESI/SIFT/QqQ instrument. The computational results provide insight into the gas-phase structures of the electrosprayed (CCC-2H)(2-) and (CCC-H)(-) anions and the neutral CCC, as well as the proton affinities of the di- and monoanions. The dianion (CCC-2H)(2-) was found to dissociate upon CID by charge separation via two competing channels: separation into deprotonated cytosine (C-H)(-) and (CCC-(C-H)-2H)(-), and by w(1)(-)/a(2)(-) cleavage of the backbone. The monoanion (CCC-H)(-) loses a neutral cytosine upon CID, and an H/D-exchangeable proton, presumably residing on one of the phosphate groups, is transferred to the partially liberated (C-H)(-) before dissociation. This was confirmed by MS/MS experiments with the deuterated analog. The reaction of (CCC-2H)(2-) with HBr was observed to be rapid, k=(1.4+/-0.4) x 10(-9) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), and to proceed both by addition (78%) and by proton transfer (22%) while (CCC-H)(-) reacts only by HBr addition, k=(7.1+/-2.1) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). This is in accord with the computed proton affinities of (CCC-2H)(2-) and (CCC-H)(-) anions that bracket the known proton affinity of Br(-).

FInal Report: Site Investigation Results, 2009-2011, at Inman, Kansas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, Lorraine M.

The Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA) operated a grain storage facility at the southern edge of the city of Inman, Kansas, from 1954 to 1965. During this time, commercial grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were in common use by the grain storage industry to preserve grain in their facilities. In 1997, trace to low levels of carbon tetrachloride (below the maximum contamination level [MCL] of 5.0 μg/L) were detected in three private wells near the former grain storage facility at Inman, as part of a statewide USDA private well sampling program that was implemented bymore » the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) near former CCC/USDA facilities. No public water supply wells were identified in 1998 by the KDHE within 1 mi of the town. Carbon tetrachloride is the contaminant of primary concern at sites associated with grain storage operations. To determine whether the former CCC/USDA facility at Inman is a potential contaminant source and its possible relationship to the contamination in groundwater, the CCC/USDA agreed to conduct investigations at Inman. The investigations were performed by the Environmental Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory in accordance with the Intergovernmental Agreement between the KDHE and the Farm Service Agency of the USDA. Argonne, on behalf of the CCC/USDA, developed a Work Plan (Argonne 2007) and subsequently a Summary of Investigation Results and Proposed Work Plan (Appendix A) for a phased site investigation. The proposed work was approved by the KDHE (2007, 2011). The investigations were conducted from November 2009 to September 2011, as proposed in the two work plans. This report presents the findings of the 2009-2011 investigations at Inman.« less

Final Report: Results of Environmental Site Investigation at Sylvan Grove, Kansas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, Lorraine M

Sylvan Grove is located in western Lincoln County, approximately 60 mi west of Salina, Kansas (Figure 1.1). From 1954 to 1966, the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), operated a grain storage facility at the northeastern edge of Sylvan Grove. During this time, commercial grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were in common use to preserve grain in storage. In 1998, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) found carbon tetrachloride above the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 5 μg/L in groundwater from one private well used for livestock and lawn and gardenmore » watering. The 1998 KDHE sampling at Sylvan Grove was conducted under the USDA private well sampling program. To determine whether the former CCC/USDA facility at Sylvan Grove is a potential contaminant source and its possible relationship to the contamination in groundwater, the CCC/USDA proposed to conduct an environmental site investigation, in accordance with the Intergovernmental Agreement between the KDHE and the Farm Service Agency (FSA) of the USDA. Argonne National Laboratory, on behalf of the CCC/USDA, developed a work plan (Argonne 2012) for the site investigation and a supplemental work plan for indoor and ambient air sampling (Appendix A). The proposed work was approved by the KDHE (2012a, 2013). The investigations were performed by the Environmental Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory, on behalf of the CCC/USDA. The main activities for the site investigation were conducted in June 2012, and indoor and ambient air sampling was performed in February 2013. This report presents the findings of the investigations at Sylvan Grove.« less

7 CFR 1494.801 - Enforcement and termination of agreements with CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... it had been placed aboard the export carrier. In making the decision whether to hold an exporter harmless pursuant to this paragraph, CCC may consider any information available to CCC, including any... may be incurred by CCC. (d) Decision to hold the exporter harmless for liquidated damages. CCC will...

7 CFR 1494.801 - Enforcement and termination of agreements with CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Enforcement and termination of agreements with CCC... Enhancement Program Operations § 1494.801 Enforcement and termination of agreements with CCC. (a) Performance in accordance with an Agreement with CCC. (1) An exporter which enters into an Agreement with CCC...

7 CFR 1486.406 - Will CCC make advance payments to Recipients?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Will CCC make advance payments to Recipients? 1486... PROGRAM Contributions and Reimbursements § 1486.406 Will CCC make advance payments to Recipients? (a) Policy. In general, CCC operates the EMP on a cost reimbursable basis. (b) Exception. Upon request, CCC...

7 CFR 1401.3 - Payments to persons with outstanding CCC loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Payments to persons with outstanding CCC loans. 1401... KIND PAYMENTS, AND OTHER FORMS OF PAYMENT § 1401.3 Payments to persons with outstanding CCC loans. (a) Persons with outstanding CCC loans who are eligible to receive payments from CCC, including a person...

7 CFR 1435.503 - In-kind payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... (PIK) Program § 1435.503 In-kind payments. (a) CCC will, through such methods as CCC deems appropriate, make payments in the form of sugar held in CCC inventory. (b) To the maximum extent practicable, CCC will use its inventory in making an in-kind payment based on the following priority: (1) CCC-owned...

7 CFR 1435.503 - In-kind payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (PIK) Program § 1435.503 In-kind payments. (a) CCC will, through such methods as CCC deems appropriate, make payments in the form of sugar held in CCC inventory. (b) To the maximum extent practicable, CCC will use its inventory in making an in-kind payment based on the following priority: (1) CCC-owned...

7 CFR 1401.3 - Payments to persons with outstanding CCC loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Payments to persons with outstanding CCC loans. 1401... KIND PAYMENTS, AND OTHER FORMS OF PAYMENT § 1401.3 Payments to persons with outstanding CCC loans. (a) Persons with outstanding CCC loans who are eligible to receive payments from CCC, including a person...

7 CFR 1494.601 - Acceptance of offers by CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Acceptance of offers by CCC. 1494.601 Section 1494... Program Operations § 1494.601 Acceptance of offers by CCC. (a) Establishment of acceptable sales prices and CCC bonuses. For each Invitation, CCC will establish sales prices for the eligible commodity and...

7 CFR 1488.13 - CCC drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false CCC drafts. 1488.13 Section 1488.13 Agriculture... Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Bank Obligations and Repayment § 1488.13 CCC drafts. CCC will draw one draft for each payment due under bank obligations. If any...

7 CFR 1488.13 - CCC drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false CCC drafts. 1488.13 Section 1488.13 Agriculture... Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Bank Obligations and Repayment § 1488.13 CCC drafts. CCC will draw one draft for each payment due under bank obligations. If any...

7 CFR 1401.3 - Payments to persons with outstanding CCC loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Payments to persons with outstanding CCC loans. 1401... KIND PAYMENTS, AND OTHER FORMS OF PAYMENT § 1401.3 Payments to persons with outstanding CCC loans. (a) Persons with outstanding CCC loans who are eligible to receive payments from CCC, including a person...

7 CFR 1435.503 - In-kind payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (PIK) Program § 1435.503 In-kind payments. (a) CCC will, through such methods as CCC deems appropriate, make payments in the form of sugar held in CCC inventory. (b) To the maximum extent practicable, CCC will use its inventory in making an in-kind payment based on the following priority: (1) CCC-owned...

7 CFR 1494.801 - Enforcement and termination of agreements with CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Enforcement and termination of agreements with CCC... Enhancement Program Operations § 1494.801 Enforcement and termination of agreements with CCC. (a) Performance in accordance with an Agreement with CCC. (1) An exporter which enters into an Agreement with CCC...

7 CFR 1401.3 - Payments to persons with outstanding CCC loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Payments to persons with outstanding CCC loans. 1401... KIND PAYMENTS, AND OTHER FORMS OF PAYMENT § 1401.3 Payments to persons with outstanding CCC loans. (a) Persons with outstanding CCC loans who are eligible to receive payments from CCC, including a person...

7 CFR 1486.406 - Will CCC make advance payments to Recipients?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Will CCC make advance payments to Recipients? 1486... PROGRAM Contributions and Reimbursements § 1486.406 Will CCC make advance payments to Recipients? (a) Policy. In general, CCC operates the EMP on a cost reimbursable basis. (b) Exception. Upon request, CCC...

7 CFR 1494.801 - Enforcement and termination of agreements with CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Enforcement and termination of agreements with CCC... Enhancement Program Operations § 1494.801 Enforcement and termination of agreements with CCC. (a) Performance in accordance with an Agreement with CCC. (1) An exporter which enters into an Agreement with CCC...

7 CFR 1401.3 - Payments to persons with outstanding CCC loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Payments to persons with outstanding CCC loans. 1401... KIND PAYMENTS, AND OTHER FORMS OF PAYMENT § 1401.3 Payments to persons with outstanding CCC loans. (a) Persons with outstanding CCC loans who are eligible to receive payments from CCC, including a person...

7 CFR 1488.13 - CCC drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false CCC drafts. 1488.13 Section 1488.13 Agriculture... Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Bank Obligations and Repayment § 1488.13 CCC drafts. CCC will draw one draft for each payment due under bank obligations. If any...

7 CFR 1494.601 - Acceptance of offers by CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Acceptance of offers by CCC. 1494.601 Section 1494... Program Operations § 1494.601 Acceptance of offers by CCC. (a) Establishment of acceptable sales prices and CCC bonuses. For each Invitation, CCC will establish sales prices for the eligible commodity and...

7 CFR 1435.503 - In-kind payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (PIK) Program § 1435.503 In-kind payments. (a) CCC will, through such methods as CCC deems appropriate, make payments in the form of sugar held in CCC inventory. (b) To the maximum extent practicable, CCC will use its inventory in making an in-kind payment based on the following priority: (1) CCC-owned...

The correlation between lymphocyte/monocyte ratio and coronary collateral circulation in stable coronary artery disease patients.

PubMed

Kurtul, Alparslan; Duran, Mustafa

2017-01-01

Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) has an important impact on cardiovascular prognosis and well-developed CCC is associated with better clinical outcomes. We investigated whether lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) has an association with CCC in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD). The study population consisted of 245 patients with SCAD. Patients were classified into a poor CCC group (Rentrop grades 0/1, n = 87), or good CCC group (Rentrop grades 2/3, n = 158). LMR values were significantly higher in patients with good CCC than in those with poor CCC (4.41 ± 1.58 vs 2.76 ± 1.10; p < 0.001). In receiver operating characteristic analysis, optimal cutoff of LMR for predicting well-developed CCC was 3.38. In multivariate analysis, LMR >3.38 (OR 4.637; p = 0.004), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (OR 0.810, p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (OR 2.485; p = 0.039), and presence of chronic total occlusion (OR 16.836; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of well-developed CCC. Increased LMR predicts well-developed CCC in SCAD patients.

9 Closed chest compressions reduce survival in a model of haemorrhage-induced traumatic cardiac arrest.

PubMed

Watts, Sarah; Smith, Jason; Gwyther, Robert; Kirkman, Emrys

2017-12-01

Closed chest compressions (CCC) are a key component of resuscitation from medical causes of cardiac arrest, but when haemorrhage, the leading cause of preventable battlefield deaths, is the likely cause there is little evidence to support their use. Resuscitation protocols for traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) highlight the importance of addressing reversible causes, such as the administration of fluids to treat hypovolaemia. This study evaluated whether CCC were beneficial following haemorrhage-induced TCA and additionally whether resuscitation with blood improved physiological outcomes. The study was conducted with the authority of UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 using 39 terminally anesthetised Large White pigs (35 kg, 29-40 kg) instrumented for invasive physiological monitoring. Following instrumentation and baseline measurements, animals underwent tissue injury (captive bolt to the right thigh) and controlled haemorrhage (30% blood volume). Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was maintained at 45 mmHg for 60 min, followed by a further controlled haemorrhage to a MAP of 20 mmHg. As arterial blood and pulse pressures spontaneously deteriorated further over a 5 min period, the randomised resuscitation protocol was initiated as follows: CCC (n=6); IV 0.9% saline (Sal n=8); IV autologous whole blood (WB n=8); IV saline +chest compressions (Sal +CCC n=9); and IV whole blood +chest compressions (WB +CCC n=8). 3×10 ml/kg fluid boluses were administered using the Belmont Rapid Infuser (200 ml/min). CCC were performed using the LUCAS II Chest Compression System.Outcome was attainment of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) 15 min post-resuscitation. ROSC was categorised by MAP (MAP ≥50 mmHg=ROSC; MAP >20 <50 mmHg=partial ROSC; MAP ≤20 mmHg=dead).emermed;34/12/A866-a/F1F1F1Figure 1 RESULTS: Outcome was significantly worse in the group that received CCC compared to WB and Sal groups (6/6 dead versus 0/8 and 0/8 respectively) (p<0.0001).A significantly higher number of animals attained ROSC in WB compared to Sal group (6/8 versus 0/8 ROSC and 2/8 versus 8/8 partial ROSC respectively) (p=0.0069).There were some none significant differences between WB and WB+CCC groups (6/8 versus 5/8 ROSC, 2/8 versus 1/8 partial ROSC and 0/8 versus 2/8 dead respectively) (p=0.4411).No animals attained ROSC in the Sal and Sal+CCC groups however significantly more animals died in the Sal+CCC group (0/8 versus 0/9 ROSC, 8/8 versus 2/9 partial ROSC and 0/8 versus 7/9 dead respectively) (p=0.0023). CCC were associated with increased mortality compared to intravenous fluid resuscitation. Resuscitation with whole blood demonstrated the greatest physiological benefit as demonstrated by highest numbers of animals achieving ROSC. © 2017, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

7 CFR 1486.406 - Will CCC make advance payments to Recipients?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Will CCC make advance payments to Recipients? 1486... Reimbursements § 1486.406 Will CCC make advance payments to Recipients? (a) Policy. In general, CCC operates the EMP on a cost reimbursable basis. (b) Exception. Upon request, CCC may make advance payments to a...

7 CFR 1494.801 - Enforcement and termination of agreements with CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Enforcement and termination of agreements with CCC... CCC. (a) Performance in accordance with an Agreement with CCC. (1) An exporter which enters into an Agreement with CCC must ensure that the eligible commodity is exported from the U.S. and enters the eligible...

7 CFR 1486.406 - Will CCC make advance payments to Recipients?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Will CCC make advance payments to Recipients? 1486... Reimbursements § 1486.406 Will CCC make advance payments to Recipients? (a) Policy. In general, CCC operates the EMP on a cost reimbursable basis. (b) Exception. Upon request, CCC may make advance payments to a...

7 CFR 1486.406 - Will CCC make advance payments to Recipients?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Will CCC make advance payments to Recipients? 1486... Reimbursements § 1486.406 Will CCC make advance payments to Recipients? (a) Policy. In general, CCC operates the EMP on a cost reimbursable basis. (b) Exception. Upon request, CCC may make advance payments to a...

The relationship of plasma miR-503 and coronary collateral circulation in patients with coronary artery disease.

PubMed

Fei, Yu; Hou, Jianhua; Xuan, Wei; Zhang, Chenghua; Meng, Xiuping

2018-06-02

Although angiogenesis plays an important role in coronary collateral circulation (CCC) formation and there are many determinants of coronary angiogenesis, they cannot fully explain the mechanism of CCC formation or as potent biomarker for CCC status. Therefore, there is of great clinical significance to identify the novel molecules associated with CCC. Previously, miR-503 exerts anti-angiogenesis effect via inhibition of VEGF-A and its expression is associated with many angiogenesis-related factors. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship of plasma miR-503 with CCC formation as well as its predictive power for CCC status in patients with coronary artery disease. Among patients who underwent coronary angiography with coronary artery disease and a stenosis of ≥90% were included in our study. Collateral degree was graded according to Rentrop Cohen classification. The patients were divided to good CCC group (grade 2 or 3) and poor CCC group (grade 0 or 1) according to Rentrop grade. We investigated the plasma levels of miR-503 and VEGF-A by ELISA or q RT-PCR, respectively. In addition, we assayed the correlations of plasma miR-503 with VEGF-A or Rentrop grade using the spearman correlation test and its predictive power by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and binary logistical regression analysis. Our data showed that plasma VEGF-A was significantly higher in good CCC group than that in poor group. Plasma miR-503 was lower in CAD patients with good CCC or poor CCC compared with control subjects and lowest in good CCC group. In addition, miR-503 negatively correlated with VEGF-A and Rentrop grade, respectively. Moreover, miR-503 displayed more potent predictive power for CCC status than VEGF-A, but its sensitivity and specificity for CCC status were only 72.4 or 60.9%, respectively. Lower plasma miR-503 level was related to better CCC formation, accompanied by up-regulation of VEGF-A. In addition, miR-503 displayed potent predictive power for CCC status, but its sensitivity and specificity were not high enough, indicating that miR-503 might be as an additional prognosis biomarker for CCC. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Duck hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA appears to survive hepatocyte mitosis in the growing liver

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reaiche-Miller, Georget Y.; Thorpe, Michael; Low, Huey Chi

Nucleos(t)ide analogues that inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA replication are typically used as monotherapy for chronically infected patients. Treatment with a nucleos(t)ide analogue eliminates most HBV DNA replication intermediates and produces a gradual decline in levels of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), the template for viral RNA synthesis. It remains uncertain if levels of cccDNA decline primarily through hepatocyte death, or if loss also occurs during hepatocyte mitosis. To determine if cccDNA survives mitosis, growing ducklings infected with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) were treated with the nucleoside analogue, Entecavir. Viremia was suppressed at least 10{sup 5}-fold, during amore » period when average liver mass increased 23-fold. Analysis of the data suggested that if cccDNA synthesis was completely inhibited, at least 49% of cccDNA survived hepatocyte mitosis. However, there was a large duck-to-duck variation in cccDNA levels, suggesting that low level cccDNA synthesis may contribute to this apparent survival through mitosis. - Highlights: • The hepatitis B virus nuclear template is covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). • cccDNA was studied during liver growth in duck hepatitis B virus infected ducks. • Virus DNA replication and new cccDNA synthesis were inhibited with Entecavir. • At least 49% of cccDNA appeared to survive hepatocyte mitosis. • Low level virus DNA synthesis may contribute to survival of cccDNA through mitosis.« less

Preparative isolation and purification of senkyunolide-I, senkyunolide-H and ferulic acid from Rhizoma Chuanxiong using counter-current chromatography.

PubMed

Wei, Yun; Hu, Jia; Li, Hao; Liu, Jiangang

2011-12-01

Three active compounds, senkyunolide-I, senkyunolide-H and ferulic acid (FA), were successfully isolated and purified from the extracts of Rhizoma Chuanxiong by counter-current chromatography (CCC). Based on the principle of the partition coefficient values (k) for target compounds and the separation factor (α) between target compounds, the two-phase solvent system that contains n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water at an optimized volume ratio of 3:7:4:6 v/v was selected for the CCC separation, and the lower phase was employed as the mobile phase in the head-to-tail elution mode. In a single run, 400 mg of the crude extract yielded pure senkyunolide-I (6.4 mg), senkyunolide-H (1.7 mg) and FA (4.4 mg) with the purities of 98, 93 and 99%, respectively. The CCC fractions were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the structures of the three active compounds were identified by MS and (1)H NMR. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Final work plan : phase II investigation of potential contamination at the former CCC/USDA grain storage facility in Savannah, Missouri.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, L. M.; Environmental Science Division

From approximately 1949 until 1970, the Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA) operated a grain storage facility on federally owned property approximately 0.25 mi northwest of Savannah, Missouri (Figure 1.1). During this time, commercial grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were commonly used by the CCC/USDA and the private grain storage industry to preserve grain in their facilities. In November 1998, carbon tetrachloride was detected in a private well (Morgan) roughly 50 ft south of the former CCC/USDA facility, as a result of statewide screening of private wells near former CCC/USDA facilities, conducted in Missouri by themore » U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 1999). The 1998 and subsequent investigations by the EPA and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MoDNR) confirmed the presence of carbon tetrachloride in the Morgan well, as well as in a second well (on property currently occupied by the Missouri Department of Transportation [MoDOT]) described as being approximately 400 ft east of the former CCC/USDA facility. The identified concentrations in these two wells were above the EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) and the Missouri risk-based corrective action default target level (MRBCA DTL) values of 5.0 {micro}g/L for carbon tetrachloride in water used for domestic purposes (EPA 1999; MoDNR 2000a,b, 2006). Because the observed contamination in the Morgan and MoDOT wells might be linked to the past use of carbon tetrachloride-based fumigants at its former grain storage facility, the CCC/USDA is conducting an investigation to (1) characterize the source(s), extent, and factors controlling the subsurface distribution and movement of carbon tetrachloride at Savannah and (2) evaluate the potential risks to human health, public welfare, and the environment posed by the contamination. This work is being performed in accord with the Intergovernmental Agreement established between the Farm Service Agency of the USDA and the MoDNR, to address carbon tetrachloride contamination potentially associated with a number of former CCC/USDA grain storage facilities in Missouri. The site characterization at Savannah is being conducted on behalf of the CCC/USDA by the Environmental Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory. The investigation at Savannah is being conducted in phases. This approach is being used by the CCC/USDA and Argonne, with the approval of the MoDNR, so that information obtained and interpretations developed during each incremental stage of the investigation can be used most effectively to guide subsequent phases of the program. Phase I of the Savannah program was conducted in October-November 2007 and January 2008 (Argonne 2007a, 2008). This site-specific Work Plan provides a brief summary of the Phase I findings and the results of groundwater level monitoring that has been ongoing since completion of the Phase I study and also outlines technical objectives, investigation tasks, and investigation methods for Phase II of the site characterization at Savannah.« less

The glycaemic index values of foods containing fructose are affected by metabolic differences between subjects.

PubMed

Wolever, T M S; Jenkins, A L; Vuksan, V; Campbell, J

2009-09-01

Glycaemic responses are influenced by carbohydrate absorption rate, type of monosaccharide absorbed and the presence of fat; the effect of some of these factors may be modulated by metabolic differences between subjects. We hypothesized that glycaemic index (GI) values are affected by the metabolic differences between subjects for foods containing fructose or fat, but not for starchy foods. The GI values of white bread (WB), fruit leather (FL) and chocolate-chip cookies (CCC) (representing starch, fructose and fat, respectively) were determined in subjects (n=77) recruited to represent all 16 possible combinations of age (< or =40, >40 years), sex (male, female), ethnicity (Caucasian, non-Caucasian) and body mass index (BMI) (< or =25, >25 kg/m2) using glucose as the reference. At screening, fasting insulin, lipids, c-reactive protein (CRP), aspartate transaminase (AST) and waist circumference (WC) were measured. There were no significant main effects of age, sex, BMI or ethnicity on GI, but there were several food x subject-factor interactions. Different factors affected each food's area under the curve (AUC) and GI. The AUC after oral glucose was related to ethnicity, age and triglycerides (r 2=0.27); after WB to ethnicity, age, triglycerides, sex and CRP (r 2=0.43); after CCC to age and weight (r 2=0.18); and after FL to age and CRP (r 2=0.12). GI of WB was related to ethnicity (r 2=0.12) and of FL to AST, insulin and WC (r 2=0.23); but there were no significant correlations for CCC. The GI values of foods containing fructose might be influenced by metabolic differences between -subjects, whereas the GI of starchy foods might be affected by ethnicity. However, the proportion of variation explained by subject factors is small.

Development of solvent systems with room temperature ionic liquids for the countercurrent chromatographic separation of very nonpolar lipid compounds.

PubMed

Müller, Marco; Englert, Michael; Earle, Martyn J; Vetter, Walter

2017-03-10

Solvent systems are not readily available for the separation of very nonpolar compounds by countercurrent chromatography (CCC). In this study we therefore evaluated the suitability of room temperature ionic liquids (IL) in organic solvents for the CCC separation of the extremely nonpolar lipid compounds tripalmitin (PPP) and cholesteryl stearate (CS). The four IL tested were [C 10 mim][OTf], [C 2 mim][NTf 2 ], [P66614][NTf 2 ], and [P66614][Cl]. Search for a CCC-suited solvent system started with solubility studies with fourteen organic solvents. Following this, combinations were made with one organic solvent miscible and one organic solvent immiscible with IL (147 combinations). Twenty-four initially monophasic mixtures of two organic solvents became biphasic by adding IL. Several unexpected results could be observed. For instance, n-hexane and n-heptane became biphasic with [P66614][Cl]. Further nine systems became biphasic although the IL was not miscible in any of the two components. These 33 solvent systems were investigated with regard to phase ratio, settling time, share of IL in the upper phase and last not least the K U/L values of PPP and CS, which were 8.1 and 7.7 respectively. The most promising system, n-heptane/chloroform/[C 10 mim][OTf] (3:3:1, v/v/v) allowed a partial separation of PPP and CS by CCC which was not achieved beforehand. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, L. M.

The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), operated a grain storage facility at the northeastern edge of the city of Hanover, Kansas, from 1950 until the early 1970s. During this time, commercial grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were in common use by the grain storage industry to preserve grain in their facilities. In February 1998, trace to low levels of carbon tetrachloride were detected in two private lawn and garden wells near the former grain storage facility at Hanover, as part of a statewide USDA private well sampling program that was implemented bymore » the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) near former CCC/USDA facilities. In July 2007, the CCC/USDA sampled indoor air at nine residences on or adjacent to its former facility to address the residents concerns. Low levels of carbon tetrachloride were detected at four of the nine homes. Consequently, the CCC/USDA has conducted investigations, under the direction of the KDHE, to determine the source and extent of the carbon tetrachloride contamination that might be associated with the former facility. In July 2007, the CCC/USDA sampled indoor air at nine residences on or adjacent to its former facility to address the residents concerns regarding vapor intrusion (VI). Low levels of carbon tetrachloride were detected at four of the nine homes. Because carbon tetrachloride found in private wells and indoor air at Hanover might be linked to historical use of fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride at its former grain storage facility, the CCC/USDA has conducted investigations to determine the source and extent of the carbon tetrachloride contamination that may be associated with the former facility. The results of the comprehensive investigation at Hanover indicate that no unacceptable risk to human health currently exists from exposure to surface and subsurface soils by either ingestion, inhalation or dermal contact. No risk is associated with potential exposure to contaminated groundwater at Hanover. No drinking water wells are known to exist in Hanover, and the drinking water supply comes from RWD No.1 at Lanham, Kansas, located 6.5 mi north of Hanover. Limited potential risk was identified due to exposure to indoor air contaminated with carbon tetrachloride, but this risk has been mitigated, thereby removing this threat to human health. Radon is prevalent in the community, at concentrations exceeding the level at which the EPA recommends additional measures (testing and/or mitigation). The recommended testing and mitigation (if needed) are the responsibility of the homeowners. In the current condition in which no private wells are used for drinking water in the affected area, no unacceptable human health risk from carbon tetrachloride is associated with the identified impacted media at the Hanover site.« less

Multi-Media Instruction: Vocational Education Research Package.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evaluation and Training Inst., Los Angeles, CA.

Designed to assist community college administrators and faculty in enhancing vocational education programs and services, this resource package on multi-media instruction contains information on successful program strategies and ideas currently in use in vocational education programs in the California Community Colleges (CCC). Following a brief…

7 CFR 1485.13 - Application process and strategic plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... requested for brand activities; (J) Percentage of CCC resources requested for brand activities that will be... consider the participant's overall marketing budget from year to year, variations in promotional strategies... entity. (iii) Applicants seeking funds for brand promotion shall contain the information required by...

Identification of hydrolyzable tannins (punicalagin, punicalin and geraniin) as novel inhibitors of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA

PubMed Central

Liu, Chunlan; Cai, Dawei; Zhang, Lin; Tang, Wei; Yan, Ran

2017-01-01

The development of new agents to target HBV cccDNA is urgently needed because of the limitations of current available drugs for treatment of hepatitis B. By using a cell-based assay in which the production of HBeAg is in a cccDNA-dependent manner, we screened a compound library derived from Chinese herbal remedies for inhibitors against HBV cccDNA. Three hydrolyzable tannins, specifically punicalagin, punicalin and geraniin, emerged as novel anti-HBV agents. These compounds significantly reduced the production of secreted HBeAg and cccDNA in a dose-dependent manner in our assay, without dramatic alteration of viral DNA replication. Furthermore, punicalagin did not affect precore/core promoter activity, pgRNA transcription, core protein expression, or HBsAg secretion. By employing the cell-based cccDNA accumulation and stability assay, we found that these tannins significantly inhibited the establishment of cccDNA and modestly facilitated the degradation of preexisting cccDNA. Collectively, our results suggest that hydrolyzable tannins inhibit HBV cccDNA production via a dual mechanism through preventing the formation of cccDNA and promoting cccDNA decay, although the latter effect is rather minor. These hydrolyzable tannins may serve as lead compounds for the development of new agents to cure HBV infection. PMID:27591143

A sensitive and accurate quantification method for the detection of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA by the application of a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction amplification system.

PubMed

Mu, Di; Yan, Liang; Tang, Hui; Liao, Yong

2015-10-01

To develop a sensitive and accurate assay system for the quantification of covalently closed circular HBV DNA (cccDNA) for future clinical monitoring of cccDNA fluctuation during antiviral therapy in the liver of infected patients. A droplet digital PCR (ddPCR)-based assay system detected template DNA input at the single copy level (or ~10(-5) pg of plasmid HBV DNA) by using serially diluted plasmid HBV DNA samples. Compared with the conventional quantitative PCR assay in the detection of cccDNA, which required at least 50 ng of template DNA input, a parallel experiment applying a ddPCR system demonstrates that the lowest detection limit of cccDNA from HepG2.215 cellular DNA samples is around 1 ng, which is equivalent to 0.54 ± 0.94 copies of cccDNA. In addition, we demonstrated that the addition of cccDNA-safe exonuclease and utilization of cccDNA-specific primers in the ddPCR assay system significantly improved the detection accuracy of HBV cccDNA from HepG2.215 cellular DNA samples. The ddPCR-based cccDNA detection system is a sensitive and accurate assay for the quantification of cccDNA in HBV-transfected HepG2.215 cellular DNA samples and may represent an important method for future application in monitoring cccDNA fluctuation during antiviral therapy.

7 CFR 1493.230 - Eligible transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP) Operations § 1493.230 Eligible transactions. (a) Program announcements. From time to time CCC... markets, the maximum amount, in U.S. dollars, of guarantee exposure that CCC will undertake, and may...

7 CFR 1493.290 - Proof of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP... certified or other translation acceptable to CCC. Records acceptable to meet this requirement include: (1... documentation deemed acceptable by CCC: (i) Showing that the goods entered the emerging market; (ii) Identifying...

7 CFR 1493.400 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC... restrictions and criteria set forth at subpart A for the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Export Credit... to provide financing without CCC's guarantee. The program is operated in a manner intended not to...

7 CFR 1493.400 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC... restrictions and criteria set forth at subpart A for the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Export Credit... to provide financing without CCC's guarantee. The program is operated in a manner intended not to...

7 CFR 1493.100 - Proof of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493... a certified or other translation acceptable to CCC. Records acceptable to meet this requirement...

7 CFR 1493.290 - Proof of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP... certified or other translation acceptable to CCC. Records acceptable to meet this requirement include: (1... documentation deemed acceptable by CCC: (i) Showing that the goods entered the emerging market; (ii) Identifying...

7 CFR 1493.290 - Proof of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP... certified or other translation acceptable to CCC. Records acceptable to meet this requirement include: (1... documentation deemed acceptable by CCC: (i) Showing that the goods entered the emerging market; (ii) Identifying...

7 CFR 1493.230 - Eligible transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP) Operations § 1493.230 Eligible transactions. (a) Program announcements. From time to time CCC... markets, the maximum amount, in U.S. dollars, of guarantee exposure that CCC will undertake, and may...

7 CFR 1493.230 - Eligible transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC.... From time to time CCC will issue program announcements indicating the availability of facility payment... the emerging markets, the maximum amount, in U.S. dollars, of guarantee exposure that CCC will...

7 CFR 1493.30 - Information required for program participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.30 Information required for program participation. Before CCC...

7 CFR 1493.450 - Payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee Program Operations § 1493.450 Payment guarantee. (a) CCC's obligation. The payment guarantee will provide that CCC agrees to pay the exporter or the exporter's assignee an amount...

7 CFR 1493.230 - Eligible transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP) Operations § 1493.230 Eligible transactions. (a) Program announcements. From time to time CCC... markets, the maximum amount, in U.S. dollars, of guarantee exposure that CCC will undertake, and may...

7 CFR 1493.100 - Proof of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493... a certified or other translation acceptable to CCC. Records acceptable to meet this requirement...

7 CFR 1493.450 - Payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee Program Operations § 1493.450 Payment guarantee. (a) CCC's obligation. The payment guarantee will provide that CCC agrees to pay the exporter or the exporter's assignee an amount...

Conical coils counter-current chromatography for preparative isolation and purification of tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.

PubMed

Liang, Junling; Meng, Jie; Guo, Mengzhe; Yang, Zhi; Wu, Shihua

2013-05-03

Modern counter-current chromatography (CCC) originated from the helical coil planet centrifuge. Recently, spiral coils were found to possess higher separation efficiency in both the retention of stationary phase and solutes resolution than other CCC coils like the helical and toroidal coils used on type-J CCC and cross-axis CCC. In this work, we built a novel conical coil CCC for the preparative isolation and purification of tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The conical coils were wound on three identical upright tapered holders in head-to-tail and left-handed direction and connected in series. Compared with helical and spiral coil CCC, conical coil CCC not only placed CCC column in a two-dimensional centrifugal field, but also provided a potential centrifugal force gradient both in axial and radial directions. The extra centrifugal gradient made mobile phase move faster and enabled CCC much higher retention of stationary phase and better resolution. As a result, higher efficiency has been obtained with the solvent system of hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (HEMWat) with the volume ratio of 5:5:7:3 by using conical coil CCC apparatus. Four tanshinones, including cryptotanshinone (1), tanshinone I (2), 1,2-dihydrotanshinquinone (3) and tanshinone IIA (4), were well resolved from 500mg to 1g crude samples with high purity. Furthermore, the conical coil CCC can make a much higher solid phase retention, which makes it to be a powerful separation tool with high throughput. This is the first report about conical coil CCC for separation of tanshinones and it may also be an important advancement for natural products isolation. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

EFFECT OF COLLA CORNUS CERVI COMBINED WITH LV-MEDIATED BMP7 TRANSFECTED BMSCs ON ANFH IN RATS.

PubMed

Wang, Ping; Shi, Bin; Gao, Zhi-Hui; Sun, Tie-Feng; Yang, Wu-Bin; Han, Shu-Fang; Liu, Peng; Wang, Lei-Lei; Zhao, Bo-Nian; Wang, Dan-Dan

2016-11-01

In the present study, we investigated the combined effect of Colla Comus Cervi (CCC) and BMP7-overexpressing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on osteogenic induction and the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH). BMSCs were isolated from rats. BMP7-overexpressing BMSCs were generated by lentiviral-mediated gene transduction. Cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteogenesis related gene expression, osteocalcin levels, and calcified nodules were quantified and compared between four groups: untreated controls, BMSCs cultured with CCC complex medium, BMP7-overexpressing BMSCs, and BMP7-overexpressing BMSCs cultured with CCC complex medium (CCC+BMP7). CCC+BMP7 BMSCs showed higher proliferation rate. ALP activity and osteaocalcin content were significantly increased in CCC+BMP7 BMSCs. The osteogenesis related genes, COLI, and integrin-α2, -α5, and -β1, were expressed significantly higher in CCC+BMP7 BMSCs. The number of calcified nodules in the CCC+BMP7 group was significantly higher than that in other groups. For in vivo assays, ANFH was induced in rats, and BMSCs were injected into the femoral head of the lower left extremity. In rats with induced ANFH, general observation scores of the CCC+BMP7 injected group were significantly higher than the model group. X-ray and microscopic observations revealed that ANFH was significantly improved and femoral head cells gradually recovered in rats treated with CCC+BMP7 BMSCs. Our results suggest that CCC+BMP7 significantly promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitm. CCC+BMP7 BMSCs promote the ability of repairing ANFH in rats, providing a new therapeutic paradigm for the treatment of ANFH.

A Highly Sensitive and Robust Method for Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA Detection in Single Cells and Serum.

PubMed

Huang, Jing-Tao; Yang, Ying; Hu, Yi-Min; Liu, Xing-Hui; Liao, Mei-Yan; Morgan, Roy; Yuan, Er-Feng; Li, Xia; Liu, Song-Mei

2018-05-01

Despite implications of persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), little is known about serum cccDNA in HBV-infected diseases. We developed a cccDNA-selective droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to assess cccDNA content and dynamics across different stages of HCC development. One hundred forty-seven serum samples and 35 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues were derived from patients with HCC or HBV hepatitis/cirrhosis. After specific amplification and selective digestion, probe-based ddPCR was used to quantify cccDNA copy numbers in single cells and clinical samples. The cccDNA in single HepG2.2.15 cells ranged from 0 to 10.8 copies/cell. Compared with non-HCC patients, HCC patients showed a higher cccDNA-positive rate (89.9% versus 53.2%; P = 4.22 × 10 -6 ) and increased serum cccDNA contents (P = 0.002 and P = 0.041 for hepatitis and cirrhosis patients, respectively). Serum cccDNA ranged from 84 to 1.07 × 10 5 copies/mL. Quantification of serum cccDNA and HBV-DNA was an effective way to discriminate HCC patients from non-HCC patients, with areas under the curve of receiver operating characteristic of 0.847 (95% CI, 0.759-0.935; sensitivity, 74.5%; specificity, 93.7%). cccDNA-selective ddPCR is sensitive to detect cccDNA in single cells and different clinical samples. Combined analysis of serum cccDNA and HBV-DNA may be a promising strategy for HBV-induced HCC surveillance and antiviral therapy evaluation. Copyright © 2018 American Society for Investigative Pathology and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Comparison of Clinical Characteristic and Prognosis between Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma and Serous Carcinoma: A 10-Year Cohort Study of Chinese Patients.

PubMed

Ye, Shuang; Yang, Jiaxin; You, Yan; Cao, Dongyan; Huang, Huifang; Wu, Ming; Chen, Jie; Lang, Jinghe; Shen, Keng

2015-01-01

To compare the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of Chinese patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and serous carcinoma (SC). A retrospective cohort study was designed to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristic and prognosis of patients with CCC and SC who were diagnosed and treated in in a tertiary referral center (Peking Union Medical College Hospital) between 1999 and 2009. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were employed in the survival analysis. A total of 504 cases were included in the study, comprising 197 cases of CCC and 307 cases of SC. The mean age of the patients with SC was greater than of CCC patients (3.6±0.94, P<0.001). Patients with CCC were more likely to be early-stage and optimally debulked (P<0.001). Regarding cancer-antigen 125, 22% of the patients with CCC had normal values, and the level was significantly lower than in patients with SC (P<0.001). More CCC patients had platinum-resistant tumors compared with platinum-sensitive disease (45.7% in CCC vs. 61.0% in SC [P=0.008]). The 5-year survival rate was 51.2% in the CCC group vs. 49.8% in the SC group (P=0.428). Patients with advanced CCC had a statistically significant poorer overall survival (OS) compared with their SC counterparts (38.0 vs. 52.0 months; hazard ratio 1.584, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.167-2.150, P=0.003). However, the advantage of improved progression-free survival (PFS) existed across all stages. Women with ovarian CCC presented at a younger age and early stage. Patients with ovarian CCC also had improved PFS, but they had similar OS compared to patients with SC. However, patients with advanced CCC had decreased survival.

Scleral Lens Clearance Assessment with Biomicroscopy and Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography.

PubMed

Yeung, Debby; Sorbara, Luigina

2018-01-01

It is important to be able to accurately estimate the central corneal clearance when fitting scleral contact lenses. Tools available have intrinsic biases due to the angle of viewing, and therefore an idea of the amount of error in estimation will benefit the fitter. To compare the accuracy of observers' ability to estimate scleral contact lens central corneal clearance (CCC) with biomicroscopy to measurements using slit-lamp imaging and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). In a Web-based survey with images of four scleral lens fits obtained with a slit-lamp video imaging system, participants were asked to estimate the CCC. Responses were compared with known values of CCC of these images determined with an image-processing program (digital CCC) and using the AS-OCT (AS-OCT CCC). Bland-Altman plots and concordance correlation coefficients were used to assess the agreement of CCC measured by the various methods. Sixty-six participants were categorized for analysis based on the amount of experience with scleral lens fitting into novice, intermediate, or advanced fitters. Comparing the estimated CCC to the digital CCC, all three groups overestimated by an average of +27.3 ± 67.3 μm. The estimated CCC was highly correlated to the digital CCC (0.79, 0.92, and 0.94 for each group, respectively). Compared with the CCC measurements using AS-OCT, the three groups of participants overestimated by +103.3 μm and had high correlations (0.79, 0.93, and 0.94 for each group). Results from this study validate the ability of contact lens practitioners to observe and estimate the CCC in scleral lens fittings through the use of biomicroscopic viewing. Increasing experience with scleral lens fitting does not improve the correlation with measured CCC from digital or the AS-OCT. However, the intermediate and advanced groups display significantly less inter-observer variability compared with the novice group.

Open chest cardiac massage offers no benefit over closed chest compressions in patients with traumatic cardiac arrest.

PubMed

Bradley, Matthew J; Bonds, Brandon W; Chang, Luke; Yang, Shiming; Hu, Peter; Li, Hsiao-Chi; Brenner, Megan L; Scalea, Thomas M; Stein, Deborah M

2016-11-01

Open chest cardiac massage (OCCM) is a commonly performed procedure after traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA). OCCM has been reported to be superior to closed chest compressions (CCC) in animal models and in non-TCA. The purpose of this study is to prospectively compare OCCM versus CCC in TCA using end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2), the criterion standard for determining the effectiveness of chest compressions and detection of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), as the surrogate for cardiac output and marker for adequacy of resuscitation. This prospective observational study enrolled patients over a 9-month period directly presenting to a level 1 trauma center after TCA. Continuous high-resolution ETCO2 measurements were collected every 6 seconds for periods of CCC and OCCM, respectively. Patients receiving CCC only were compared with patients receiving CCC followed by OCCM. Student's t tests were used to compare ETCO2 within and between groups. Thirty-three patients were enrolled (16 OCCM, 17 CCC-only). Mean time of CCC before OCCM was 66 seconds. Within the OCCM group, final, peak, mean, and median ETCO2 levels significantly increased when comparing the initial CCC period to the OCCM interval. Using a time-matched comparison, significant increases were observed in the final and peak but not mean and median values when comparing the first minute of CCC to the remaining time in the CCC-only group. However, when periods of OCCM were compared with equivalent periods of CCC-only, there were no differences in the initial, final, peak, mean, or median ETCO2 values. Correspondingly, no difference in rates of ROSC was observed between groups (OCCM 23.5% vs. CCC 38.9%; p = 0.53). Although we could not control for confounders, we found no significant improvement in ETCO2 or ROSC with OCCM. With newer endovascular techniques for aortic occlusion, thoracotomy solely for performing OCCM provides no benefit over CCC. Therapeutic study, level III.

7 CFR 1493.450 - Payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee Program Operations § 1493.450 Payment guarantee. (a) CCC's obligation. The payment guarantee will provide that CCC agrees to pay the exporter or the exporter's assignee an amount not to exceed the guaranteed...

7 CFR 1493.290 - Proof of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee... accompanied by a certified or other translation acceptable to CCC. Records acceptable to meet this requirement... documentation deemed acceptable by CCC: (i) Showing that the goods entered the emerging market; (ii) Identifying...

7 CFR 1493.470 - Evidence of export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee... provide CCC an evidence of export report for each shipment made under the payment guarantee. This report... participation in any of the following CCC or USDA export program: Export Enhancement Program, Dairy Export...

7 CFR 1493.310 - Payment for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP) Operations § 1493.310 Payment for loss. (a) Determination of CCC's liability. Upon receipt in good order of the information and documents required under § 1493.300, CCC will...

7 CFR 1493.260 - Facility payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP) Operations § 1493.260 Facility payment guarantee. (a) CCC's maximum obligation. CCC will agree to pay the exporter or the exporter's assignee an amount not to exceed the...

7 CFR 1493.40 - Application for payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program..., contract loading tolerance and, if necessary, a request for CCC to reserve coverage up to the maximum...

7 CFR 1493.130 - Recovery of losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.130 Recovery of losses. (a) Notification. Upon payment of loss to the exporter or the exporter's assignee, CCC...

7 CFR 1493.470 - Evidence of export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee... provide CCC an evidence of export report for each shipment made under the payment guarantee. This report... participation in any of the following CCC or USDA export program: Export Enhancement Program, Dairy Export...

7 CFR 1493.10 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.10... GSM-102 and GSM-103 programs of the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) were developed to expand U.S...

7 CFR 1493.310 - Payment for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP) Operations § 1493.310 Payment for loss. (a) Determination of CCC's liability. Upon receipt in good order of the information and documents required under § 1493.300, CCC will determine whether or...

7 CFR 1493.450 - Payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee Program Operations § 1493.450 Payment guarantee. (a) CCC's obligation. The payment guarantee will provide that CCC agrees to pay the exporter or the exporter's assignee an amount not to exceed the guaranteed...

7 CFR 1493.120 - Payment for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.120 Payment for loss. (a) Determination of CCC's liability. Upon receipt in good order of the information and...

7 CFR 1493.120 - Payment for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.120 Payment for loss. (a) Determination of CCC's liability. Upon receipt in good order of...

7 CFR 1493.510 - Payment for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee Program Operations § 1493.510 Payment for loss. (a) Determination of CCC's liability. Upon receipt in good order of the information and documents required under § 1493.500, CCC will...

7 CFR 1493.30 - Information required for program participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.30 Information required for program participation. Before CCC will accept an application...

7 CFR 1493.450 - Payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee Program Operations § 1493.450 Payment guarantee. (a) CCC's obligation. The payment guarantee will provide that CCC agrees to pay the exporter or the exporter's assignee an amount not to exceed the guaranteed...

7 CFR 1493.470 - Evidence of export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee... provide CCC an evidence of export report for each shipment made under the payment guarantee. This report... participation in any of the following CCC or USDA export program: Export Enhancement Program, Dairy Export...

7 CFR 1493.400 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee... forth at subpart A for the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102... CCC's guarantee. The program is operated in a manner intended not to interfere with markets for cash...

7 CFR 1493.100 - Proof of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.100 Proof of entry... translation acceptable to CCC. Records acceptable to meet this requirement include an original certification...

7 CFR 1493.120 - Payment for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.120 Payment for loss. (a) Determination of CCC's liability. Upon receipt in good order of the information and...

7 CFR 1493.10 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103... (GSM-103). The GSM-102 and GSM-103 programs of the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) were developed to...

7 CFR 1493.100 - Proof of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.100 Proof of entry... translation acceptable to CCC. Records acceptable to meet this requirement include an original certification...

7 CFR 1493.40 - Application for payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program..., contract loading tolerance and, if necessary, a request for CCC to reserve coverage up to the maximum...

7 CFR 1493.400 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee... forth at subpart A for the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102... CCC's guarantee. The program is operated in a manner intended not to interfere with markets for cash...

7 CFR 1493.290 - Proof of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee... accompanied by a certified or other translation acceptable to CCC. Records acceptable to meet this requirement... documentation deemed acceptable by CCC: (i) Showing that the goods entered the emerging market; (ii) Identifying...

7 CFR 1493.260 - Facility payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP) Operations § 1493.260 Facility payment guarantee. (a) CCC's maximum obligation. CCC will agree to pay the exporter or the exporter's assignee an amount not to exceed the...

7 CFR 1493.130 - Recovery of losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.130 Recovery of losses. (a) Notification. Upon payment of loss to the exporter or the exporter's assignee, CCC...

7 CFR 1493.310 - Payment for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP) Operations § 1493.310 Payment for loss. (a) Determination of CCC's liability. Upon receipt in good order of the information and documents required under § 1493.300, CCC will determine whether or...

7 CFR 1493.10 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.10... GSM-102 and GSM-103 programs of the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) were developed to expand U.S...

7 CFR 1493.10 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103... (GSM-103). The GSM-102 and GSM-103 programs of the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) were developed to...

7 CFR 1493.510 - Payment for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee Program Operations § 1493.510 Payment for loss. (a) Determination of CCC's liability. Upon receipt in good order of the information and documents required under § 1493.500, CCC will...

7 CFR 1493.310 - Payment for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP) Operations § 1493.310 Payment for loss. (a) Determination of CCC's liability. Upon receipt in good order of the information and documents required under § 1493.300, CCC will...

7 CFR 1493.10 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.10... GSM-102 and GSM-103 programs of the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) were developed to expand U.S...

7 CFR 1493.130 - Recovery of losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.130 Recovery of losses. (a) Notification. Upon payment of loss to the exporter or the exporter's assignee, CCC...

7 CFR 1493.30 - Information required for program participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.30 Information required for program participation. Before CCC will accept an application...

7 CFR 1493.120 - Payment for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.120 Payment for loss. (a) Determination of CCC's liability. Upon receipt in good order of the information and...

7 CFR 1493.400 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee... forth at subpart A for the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102... CCC's guarantee. The program is operated in a manner intended not to interfere with markets for cash...

7 CFR 1493.100 - Proof of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.100 Proof of entry... translation acceptable to CCC. Records acceptable to meet this requirement include an original certification...

7 CFR 1493.30 - Information required for program participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.30 Information required for program participation. Before CCC will accept an application...

7 CFR 1493.310 - Payment for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP) Operations § 1493.310 Payment for loss. (a) Determination of CCC's liability. Upon receipt in good order of the information and documents required under § 1493.300, CCC will determine whether or...

7 CFR 1437.304 - Floriculture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... flowers, including flowers grown in containers or other growing medium maintained in a field setting... successful production of flowers, tubers, and bulbs, as determined by CCC. (d) Claims on losses on the production of flower seed for propagation of eligible floriculture plants will not be treated under “value...

7 CFR 1437.304 - Floriculture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... flowers, including flowers grown in containers or other growing medium maintained in a field setting... successful production of flowers, tubers, and bulbs, as determined by CCC. (d) Claims on losses on the production of flower seed for propagation of eligible floriculture plants will not be treated under “value...

7 CFR 1435.501 - Bid submission procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS SUGAR PROGRAM Processor Sugar Payment-In-Kind..., the amount of acreage to be reduced by producers who have contracts for delivery of sugar beets or sugar cane to the processor and contains the information CCC determines necessary to conduct the program...

7 CFR 1427.1204 - Eligible domestic users and exporters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) Cotton Competitiveness Payment Program § 1427.1204 Eligible domestic users and exporters. (a) For the... entered into an agreement with CCC to participate in the ELS Cotton Competitiveness Payment Program; or (2... Competitiveness Payment Program. (b) Payment applications must contain the documentation required by this subpart...

Further understanding on the mechanism of alkyl ketene dimer sizing on the causticized calcium carbonate filled paper and its improvements.

PubMed

Wang, Jian; Dang, Miao; Duan, Chao; Qian, Li

2017-02-01

Causticized calcium carbonate (CCC), a solid waste derived from kraft black recovery process, can be used as an alternative for the conventional precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). However, the application of the CCC has been limited due to its low sizing efficiency in its filled paper. In this study, the characteristics of the CCC were studied aiming to improve the alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) sizing performances of the CCC filled papers, and the results were compared with those from PCC filled papers. The results showed that the CCC had higher pore structure, higher specific surface area, and more negative charge density than the PCC, thus leading to a higher cationic AKD adsorption onto the CCC filler. The lower AKD sizing efficiency in the CCC filled paper can be explained by the combination of higher AKD adsorption and migration, both of which resulted in preferred AKD adsorption onto/into the CCC fillers, rather than the cellulose fibers. Based on the above, the prior addition of polyamide-polyamine epichlorhydrin (PAE) resin to the CCC filler system was proposed to remedy the related issues, thus improving the sizing efficiency.

7 CFR 1493.280 - Evidence of export report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program... to provide CCC an evidence of export report for each shipment of goods or provision of services... provided were included in the final application for a final commitment as approved by CCC for coverage...

7 CFR 1493.140 - Miscellaneous provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.140..., payable by CCC under a payment guarantee or the right to such proceeds only to a financial institution in...

7 CFR 1493.510 - Payment for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee Program Operations § 1493.510 Payment for loss. (a) Determination of CCC's liability. Upon receipt in good order of the information and documents required under § 1493.500, CCC will determine whether or not a...

7 CFR 1493.420 - Information required for program participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC.... Before CCC will accept an application for a payment guarantee under the SCGP, the applicant must qualify... publicly available sources, CCC will determine whether the applicant is eligible for participation in the...

7 CFR 1493.270 - Certifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP... submitted to CCC under this subpart, is the exporter's certification that: (1) There have not been and are... amended, or other U.S. Laws; (2) All information submitted to CCC is true and correct; and (3) The...

7 CFR 1488.3 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Financing Export Sales § 1488.3 General. When considering the extension of CCC credit for the purpose of financing agricultural commodities, CCC will take into account the extent to which CCC credit financing will...

7 CFR 1493.80 - Evidence of export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.80 Evidence of export. (a) Report of export. The exporter is required to provide CCC an evidence of export...

7 CFR 1493.40 - Application for payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493..., if necessary, a request for CCC to reserve coverage up to the maximum quantity permitted by the...

7 CFR 1493.510 - Payment for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee Program Operations § 1493.510 Payment for loss. (a) Determination of CCC's liability. Upon receipt in good order of the information and documents required under § 1493.500, CCC will determine whether or not a...

7 CFR 1493.470 - Evidence of export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC... exporter is required to provide CCC an evidence of export report for each shipment made under the payment... participation in any of the following CCC or USDA export program: Export Enhancement Program, Dairy Export...

7 CFR 1493.270 - Certifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP... submitted to CCC under this subpart, is the exporter's certification that: (1) There have not been and are... amended, or other U.S. Laws; (2) All information submitted to CCC is true and correct; and (3) The...

7 CFR 1493.420 - Information required for program participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC.... Before CCC will accept an application for a payment guarantee under the SCGP, the applicant must qualify... publicly available sources, CCC will determine whether the applicant is eligible for participation in the...

7 CFR 1493.140 - Miscellaneous provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.140..., payable by CCC under a payment guarantee or the right to such proceeds only to a financial institution in...

7 CFR 1493.270 - Certifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee... documentation submitted to CCC under this subpart, is the exporter's certification that: (1) There have not been... amended, or other U.S. Laws; (2) All information submitted to CCC is true and correct; and (3) The...

7 CFR 1493.80 - Evidence of export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.80 Evidence of export. (a) Report of export. The exporter is required to provide CCC an...

7 CFR 1493.280 - Evidence of export report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program... to provide CCC an evidence of export report for each shipment of goods or provision of services... provided were included in the final application for a final commitment as approved by CCC for coverage...

7 CFR 1488.3 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Financing Export Sales § 1488.3 General. When considering the extension of CCC credit for the purpose of financing agricultural commodities, CCC will take into account the extent to which CCC credit financing will: (a) Permit...

7 CFR 1493.40 - Application for payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493..., if necessary, a request for CCC to reserve coverage up to the maximum quantity permitted by the...

7 CFR 1493.140 - Miscellaneous provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103... which are, or may become, payable by CCC under a payment guarantee or the right to such proceeds only to...

7 CFR 1488.3 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Financing Export Sales § 1488.3 General. When considering the extension of CCC credit for the purpose of financing agricultural commodities, CCC will take into account the extent to which CCC credit financing will...

7 CFR 1488.3 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Financing Export Sales § 1488.3 General. When considering the extension of CCC credit for the purpose of financing agricultural commodities, CCC will take into account the extent to which CCC credit financing will: (a) Permit...

7 CFR 1493.80 - Evidence of export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.80 Evidence of export. (a) Report of export. The exporter is required to provide CCC an evidence of export...

7 CFR 1493.280 - Evidence of export report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program... to provide CCC an evidence of export report for each shipment of goods or provision of services... provided were included in the final application for a final commitment as approved by CCC for coverage...

7 CFR 1493.140 - Miscellaneous provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103... which are, or may become, payable by CCC under a payment guarantee or the right to such proceeds only to...

7 CFR 1488.3 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Financing Export Sales § 1488.3 General. When considering the extension of CCC credit for the purpose of financing agricultural commodities, CCC will take into account the extent to which CCC credit financing will: (a) Permit...

7 CFR 1493.280 - Evidence of export report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC... exporter is required to provide CCC an evidence of export report for each shipment of goods or provision of... CCC for coverage under the facility payment guarantee and this subpart; (ii) The specifications and...

7 CFR 1493.270 - Certifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program (FGP... submitted to CCC under this subpart, is the exporter's certification that: (1) There have not been and are... amended, or other U.S. Laws; (2) All information submitted to CCC is true and correct; and (3) The...

7 CFR 1493.140 - Miscellaneous provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.140..., payable by CCC under a payment guarantee or the right to such proceeds only to a financial institution in...

7 CFR 1493.270 - Certifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee... documentation submitted to CCC under this subpart, is the exporter's certification that: (1) There have not been... amended, or other U.S. Laws; (2) All information submitted to CCC is true and correct; and (3) The...

7 CFR 1493.40 - Application for payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493..., if necessary, a request for CCC to reserve coverage up to the maximum quantity permitted by the...

7 CFR 1493.510 - Payment for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee Program Operations § 1493.510 Payment for loss. (a) Determination of CCC's liability. Upon receipt in good order of the information and documents required under § 1493.500, CCC will determine whether or not a...

7 CFR 1493.330 - Miscellaneous provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC... exporter may assign the proceeds which are, or may become, payable by CCC under a facility payment... than one party, and may not, unless approved in advance by CCC, be subject to further assignment. Any...

7 CFR 1493.420 - Information required for program participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC.... Before CCC will accept an application for a payment guarantee under the SCGP, the applicant must qualify... publicly available sources, CCC will determine whether the applicant is eligible for participation in the...

7 CFR 1493.80 - Evidence of export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.80 Evidence of export. (a) Report of export. The exporter is required to provide CCC an evidence of export...

7 CFR 1493.330 - Miscellaneous provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC... exporter may assign the proceeds which are, or may become, payable by CCC under a facility payment... than one party, and may not, unless approved in advance by CCC, be subject to further assignment. Any...

Identification of Intermediate in Hepatitis B Virus CCC DNA Formation and Sensitive and Selective CCC DNA Detection.

PubMed

Luo, Jun; Cui, Xiuji; Gao, Lu; Hu, Jianming

2017-06-21

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA functions as the only viral template capable of coding for all the viral RNA species and is thus essential to initiate and sustain viral replication. CCC DNA is converted, in a multi-step and ill-understood process, from a relaxed circular (RC) DNA, in which neither of the two DNA strands is covalently closed. To detect putative intermediates during RC to CCC DNA conversion, two 3' exonucleases Exo I and Exo III, in combination were used to degrade all DNA strands with a free 3' end, which would nevertheless preserve closed circular DNA, either single-stranded (SS) or double-stranded (DS). Indeed, a RC DNA species with a covalently closed minus strand but an open plus strand (closed minus-strand RC DNA or cM-RC DNA) was detected by this approach. Further analyses indicated that at least some of the plus strands in such a putative intermediate likely still retained the RNA primer that is attached to the 5' end of the plus strand in RC DNA, suggesting that minus strand closing can occur before plus strand processing. Furthermore, the same nuclease treatment proved to be useful for sensitive and specific detection of CCC DNA by removing all DNA species other than closed circular DNA. Application of these and similar approaches may allow the identification of additional intermediates during CCC DNA formation and facilitate specific and sensitive detection of CCC DNA, which should help elucidate the pathways of CCC DNA formation and factors involved. IMPORTANCE The hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA is the molecular basis of viral persistence, by serving as the viral transcriptional template. CCC DNA is converted, in a multi-step and ill-understood process, from a relaxed circular (RC) DNA. Little is currently understood about the pathways or factors involved in CCC DNA formation. We have now detected a likely intermediate during the conversion of RC to CCC DNA, thus providing important clues to the pathways of CCC DNA formation. Furthermore, the same experimental approach that led to the detection of the intermediate could also facilitate specific and sensitive detection of CCC DNA, which has remained challenging. This and similar approaches will help identify additional intermediates during CCC DNA formation and elucidate the pathways and factors involved. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.

Identification of an Intermediate in Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular (CCC) DNA Formation and Sensitive and Selective CCC DNA Detection

PubMed Central

Luo, Jun; Cui, Xiuji; Gao, Lu

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA functions as the only viral template capable of coding for all the viral RNA species and is thus essential to initiate and sustain viral replication. CCC DNA is converted, in a multistep and ill-understood process, from a relaxed circular (RC) DNA, in which neither of the two DNA strands is covalently closed. To detect putative intermediates during RC DNA to CCC DNA conversion, two 3′ exonucleases, exonuclease I (Exo I) and Exo III, were used in combination to degrade all DNA strands with a free 3′ end, which would nevertheless preserve closed circular DNA in either single-stranded (SS) or double-stranded (DS) form. Indeed, an RC DNA species with a covalently closed minus strand but an open plus strand (closed minus-strand RC DNA [cM-RC DNA]) was detected by this approach. Further analyses indicated that at least some of the plus strands in such a putative intermediate likely still retained the RNA primer that is attached to the 5′ end of the plus strand in RC DNA, suggesting that minus-strand closing can occur before plus-strand processing. Furthermore, the same nuclease treatment proved to be useful for sensitive and specific detection of CCC DNA by removing all DNA species other than closed circular DNA. Application of these and similar approaches may allow the identification of additional intermediates during CCC DNA formation and facilitate specific and sensitive detection of CCC DNA, which should help elucidate the pathways of CCC DNA formation and the factors involved. IMPORTANCE The hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA, by serving as the viral transcriptional template, is the molecular basis of viral persistence. CCC DNA is converted, in a multistep and ill-understood process, from relaxed circular (RC) DNA. Little is currently understood about the pathways or factors involved in CCC DNA formation. We have now detected a likely intermediate during the conversion of RC DNA to CCC DNA, thus providing important clues to the pathways of CCC DNA formation. Furthermore, the same experimental approach that led to the detection of the intermediate could also facilitate specific and sensitive detection of CCC DNA, which has remained challenging. This and similar approaches will help identify additional intermediates during CCC DNA formation and elucidate the pathways and factors involved. PMID:28637752

ALMA Images of the Host Cloud of the Intermediate-mass Black Hole Candidate CO‑0.40–0.22*: No Evidence for Cloud–Black Hole Interaction, but Evidence for a Cloud–Cloud Collision

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanaka, Kunihiko

2018-06-01

This paper reports a reanalysis of archival ALMA data of the high velocity(-width) compact cloud CO‑0.40–0.22, which has recently been hypothesized to host an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH). If beam-smearing effects, difference in beam sizes among frequency bands, and Doppler shift due to the motion of the Earth are considered accurately, none of the features reported as evidence for an IMBH in previous studies are confirmed in the reanalyzed ALMA images. Instead, through analysis of the position–velocity structure of the HCN J = 3–2 data cube, we have found kinematics typical of a cloud–cloud collision (CCC), namely, two distinct velocity components bridged by broad emission features with elevated temperatures and/or densities. One velocity component has a straight filamentary shape with approximately constant centroid velocities along its length but with a steep, V-shaped velocity gradient across its width. This contradicts the IMBH scenario but is consistent with a collision between two dissimilar-sized clouds. From a non-LTE analysis of the multitransition methanol lines, the volume density of the post-shock gas has been measured to be ≳106 cm‑3, indicating that the CCC shock can compress gas in a short timescale to densities typical of star-forming regions. Evidence for star formation has not been found, possibly because the cloud is in an early phase of CCC-triggered star formation or because the collision is nonproductive.

Identification of hydrolyzable tannins (punicalagin, punicalin and geraniin) as novel inhibitors of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA.

PubMed

Liu, Chunlan; Cai, Dawei; Zhang, Lin; Tang, Wei; Yan, Ran; Guo, Haitao; Chen, Xulin

2016-10-01

The development of new agents to target HBV cccDNA is urgently needed because of the limitations of current available drugs for treatment of hepatitis B. By using a cell-based assay in which the production of HBeAg is in a cccDNA-dependent manner, we screened a compound library derived from Chinese herbal remedies for inhibitors against HBV cccDNA. Three hydrolyzable tannins, specifically punicalagin, punicalin and geraniin, emerged as novel anti-HBV agents. These compounds significantly reduced the production of secreted HBeAg and cccDNA in a dose-dependent manner in our assay, without dramatic alteration of viral DNA replication. Furthermore, punicalagin did not affect precore/core promoter activity, pgRNA transcription, core protein expression, or HBsAg secretion. By employing the cell-based cccDNA accumulation and stability assay, we found that these tannins significantly inhibited the establishment of cccDNA and modestly facilitated the degradation of preexisting cccDNA. Collectively, our results suggest that hydrolyzable tannins inhibit HBV cccDNA production via a dual mechanism through preventing the formation of cccDNA and promoting cccDNA decay, although the latter effect is rather minor. These hydrolyzable tannins may serve as lead compounds for the development of new agents to cure HBV infection. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Analysis of Cell Cycle-related Proteins in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma Versus High-grade Serous Carcinoma.

PubMed

Hazama, Yukiko; Moriya, Takuya; Sugihara, Mika; Sano, Rikiya; Shiota, Mitsuru; Nakamura, Takafumi; Shimoya, Koichiro

2017-10-10

In Japan, the frequency of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) is twice as high as that in the United States and Europe. Often, patient prognosis of CCC is poor because of chemoresistance. Here, we focus on the cell cycle, which is one of the mechanisms of chemoresistance. To detect the informative markers and improve the strategy of chemotherapy for CCC, we performed immunochemical staining of cell cycle-related proteins in ovarian malignant tumors. We detected that each of the 29 samples of CCC and high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) were necessary to reveal the significant differences in immunostaining and prognosis. We performed the immunostaining analysis using the antibodies of cell cycle-related proteins such as Ki-67, Cdt1, MCM7, and geminin. The positive rate of Cdt1 in the CCC group was significantly higher than that in the HGSC group (P<0.0001). However, the positive rate of geminin in the HGSC group was significantly higher than that in the CCC group (P<0.0001). The overall survival of CCC patients with high labeling index of Cdt1 was significantly worse than that of CCC patients with low labeling index of Cdt1 (P=0.004). The study results suggested that the cancer cells of CCC and HGSC exist in the G1 phase and S, G2, and M phases, respectively. The differences in cell cycle of CCC might be one of the reasons for chemotherapy resistance. Further investigations are necessary to reveal the usefulness of Cdt1 as a biomarker in CCC.

7 CFR 1494.201 - Definitions of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... offer, if applicable. (b) Announced CCC bonus—A CCC bonus announced by CCC by public press release in... shipped from a Canadian transshipment port on the St. Lawrence River, provided its identity had been... of Agriculture, acting in the capacity of Vice President, CCC, or the GSM's designee. (w) Invitation...

7 CFR 1494.201 - Definitions of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... offer, if applicable. (b) Announced CCC bonus—A CCC bonus announced by CCC by public press release in... shipped from a Canadian transshipment port on the St. Lawrence River, provided its identity had been... of Agriculture, acting in the capacity of Vice President, CCC, or the GSM's designee. (w) Invitation...

78 FR 45441 - Sugar Program; Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-29

... sugarcane processors may borrow from CCC, pledging their sugar production as collateral for any such loan... sugar for bioenergy production under FFP as a proactive means for CCC to avoid forfeitures. FFP is... production. In addition, CCC will make quarterly announcements of revised estimates of such quantity. CCC's...

7 CFR 1427.1088 - Contract fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... storage and handling of CCC-owned cotton or cotton pledged to CCC as loan collateral must pay an annual... storage and handling of CCC-owned cotton or cotton pledged to CCC as loan collateral but who desires such... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS COTTON Standards for Approval of Warehouses for...

7 CFR 1493.330 - Miscellaneous provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program... proceeds which are, or may become, payable by CCC under a facility payment guarantee or the right to such..., unless approved in advance by CCC, be subject to further assignment. Any assignment may be made to one...

7 CFR 1402.5 - Late payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... payments. If payment is not received by CCC within the period specified in the sales contract, interest will be assessed by CCC. If a buyer fails to make arrangements for payment according to the provisions of the contract, CCC retains the right to terminate the sales contract. If CCC terminates the sales...

50 CFR 600.117 - Council coordination committee (CCC).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Council coordination committee (CCC). 600... Councils § 600.117 Council coordination committee (CCC). (a) The Councils may establish a Council coordination committee (CCC) consisting of the chairs, vice chairs, and executive directors of each of the...

7 CFR 1493.90 - Certification requirements for the evidence of export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit... breaches or violates these certifications with respect to a GSM-102 or GSM-103 payment guarantee, CCC will...

50 CFR 600.117 - Council coordination committee (CCC).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 12 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Council coordination committee (CCC). 600... Councils § 600.117 Council coordination committee (CCC). (a) The Councils may establish a Council coordination committee (CCC) consisting of the chairs, vice chairs, and executive directors of each of the...

76 FR 57940 - CCC Export Credit Guarantee (GSM-102) Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-19

... Corporation 7 CFR Part 1493 RIN 0551-AA74 CCC Export Credit Guarantee (GSM-102) Program AGENCY: Foreign.... SUMMARY: The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) published a proposed rule on July 27, 2011 (76 FR 44836..., and include other administrative revisions to enhance clarity and program integrity. CCC is extending...

7 CFR 1493.530 - Miscellaneous provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC... exporter may assign the proceeds which are, or may become, payable by CCC under a payment guarantee or the..., unless approved in advance by CCC, be: (i) Made to one party acting for two or more parties; or (ii...

7 CFR 1493.70 - Guarantee rates and fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.70... length of the payment terms provided for in the export sale contract, the degree of risk that CCC assumes...

7 CFR 1493.110 - Notice of default and claims for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493... related obligation, the exporter or the exporter's assignee must submit a notice of default to CCC as soon...

7 CFR 1493.90 - Certification requirements for the evidence of export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103... certifications with respect to a GSM-102 or GSM-103 payment guarantee, CCC will have the right, notwithstanding...

7 CFR 1488.18 - Covenant against contingent fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES Financing of Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC..., CCC shall have the right, without limitation on any other rights it may have, to annul the financing agreement without liability to CCC. Should the financing agreement be annulled, CCC will promptly consent to...

7 CFR 1405.4 - Delegations of authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Delegations of authority. The delegations of authority relating to the CCC programs and activities are set forth in the by-laws of CCC and in dockets approved by the CCC Board of Directors. Copies of the By-laws and the dockets may be obtained from the Secretary of CCC. ...

77 FR 6533 - Information Collection Request; Assignment and Joint Payment Elections

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-08

... Act of 1995, the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) and Farm Service Agency (FSA) are seeking comments... assign a cash payment made by FSA or CCC to a third party. In addition, a payment recipient may...). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: CCC-36, ``Assignment of Payment'', CCC-37, ``Joint Payment Authorization...

7 CFR 1488.18 - Covenant against contingent fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Financing of Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales... exporter for the purpose of securing business. For breach or violation of this warranty, CCC shall have the... liability to CCC. Should the financing agreement be annulled, CCC will promptly consent to the reduction or...

7 CFR 1493.110 - Notice of default and claims for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program... default to CCC as soon as possible, but not later than 10 calendar days after the date that payment was...

7 CFR 1493.110 - Notice of default and claims for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program... default to CCC as soon as possible, but not later than 10 calendar days after the date that payment was...

50 CFR 600.117 - Council coordination committee (CCC).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 12 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Council coordination committee (CCC). 600... Councils § 600.117 Council coordination committee (CCC). (a) The Councils may establish a Council coordination committee (CCC) consisting of the chairs, vice chairs, and executive directors of each of the...

7 CFR 1493.430 - Application for a payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier... quantity, contract loading tolerance and, if the exporter chooses, a request for CCC to reserve coverage up... is also being used as the basis for an application for participation in any of the following CCC or...

7 CFR 1488.18 - Covenant against contingent fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Financing of Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales... exporter for the purpose of securing business. For breach or violation of this warranty, CCC shall have the... liability to CCC. Should the financing agreement be annulled, CCC will promptly consent to the reduction or...

7 CFR 1493.50 - Certification requirements for obtaining payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export... notify CCC if there is a change of circumstances which would cause it to fail to meet such requirements...

7 CFR 1493.460 - Guarantee rates and fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee... not be approved until the guarantee fee has been received by CCC. The exporter's check for the guarantee fee shall be made payable to CCC and mailed or delivered by courier to the office specified in the...

7 CFR 1488.18 - Covenant against contingent fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES Financing of Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC..., CCC shall have the right, without limitation on any other rights it may have, to annul the financing agreement without liability to CCC. Should the financing agreement be annulled, CCC will promptly consent to...

7 CFR 1493.530 - Miscellaneous provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee... proceeds which are, or may become, payable by CCC under a payment guarantee or the right to such proceeds... in advance by CCC, be: (i) Made to one party acting for two or more parties; or (ii) Subject to...

7 CFR 1493.110 - Notice of default and claims for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493... related obligation, the exporter or the exporter's assignee must submit a notice of default to CCC as soon...

7 CFR 1488.5 - Acceptance of sale registrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... COMMODITIES Financing of Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit... and eligible for financing. (b) [Reserved] (c) CCC reserves the right to reject any and all requests... exporter and CCC which shall consist of the exporter's request for a sale registration, CCC's acceptance of...

7 CFR 1493.70 - Guarantee rates and fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.70... length of the payment terms provided for in the export sale contract, the degree of risk that CCC assumes...

7 CFR 1493.90 - Certification requirements for the evidence of export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103... certifications with respect to a GSM-102 or GSM-103 payment guarantee, CCC will have the right, notwithstanding...

7 CFR 1493.460 - Guarantee rates and fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC... the guarantee fee. Applications will not be approved until the guarantee fee has been received by CCC. The exporter's check for the guarantee fee shall be made payable to CCC and mailed or delivered by...

7 CFR 1493.90 - Certification requirements for the evidence of export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit... breaches or violates these certifications with respect to a GSM-102 or GSM-103 payment guarantee, CCC will...

7 CFR 1493.330 - Miscellaneous provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program... proceeds which are, or may become, payable by CCC under a facility payment guarantee or the right to such..., unless approved in advance by CCC, be subject to further assignment. Any assignment may be made to one...

7 CFR 1485.18 - Reimbursement procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... required to use CCC's Internet-based UES system to request reimbursement for eligible MAP expenses. Claims... reimbursed; (7) If applicable, any reduction in the amount of reimbursement claimed to offset CCC demand for... reimbursement shall be submitted by the MAP Participant's U.S. office to CCC. (c) CCC will not reimburse a claim...

7 CFR 1405.4 - Delegations of authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Delegations of authority. The delegations of authority relating to the CCC programs and activities are set forth in the by-laws of CCC and in dockets approved by the CCC Board of Directors. Copies of the By-laws and the dockets may be obtained from the Secretary of CCC. ...

7 CFR 1493.460 - Guarantee rates and fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC... the guarantee fee. Applications will not be approved until the guarantee fee has been received by CCC. The exporter's check for the guarantee fee shall be made payable to CCC and mailed or delivered by...

50 CFR 600.117 - Council coordination committee (CCC).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 10 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Council coordination committee (CCC). 600... Councils § 600.117 Council coordination committee (CCC). (a) The Councils may establish a Council coordination committee (CCC) consisting of the chairs, vice chairs, and executive directors of each of the...

7 CFR 1402.5 - Late payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... payments. If payment is not received by CCC within the period specified in the sales contract, interest will be assessed by CCC. If a buyer fails to make arrangements for payment according to the provisions of the contract, CCC retains the right to terminate the sales contract. If CCC terminates the sales...

7 CFR 1493.50 - Certification requirements for obtaining payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export... notify CCC if there is a change of circumstances which would cause it to fail to meet such requirements...

76 FR 14370 - Information Collection; Representation for CCC and FSA Loans Authorization To File a Financing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-16

...; Representation for CCC and FSA Loans Authorization To File a Financing Statement AGENCY: Commodity Credit... the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) and the Farm Service... currently approved information collection associated with form CCC-10, entitled ``Representations for...

7 CFR 1485.18 - Reimbursement procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... required to use CCC's Internet-based UES system to request reimbursement for eligible MAP expenses. Claims... reimbursed; (7) If applicable, any reduction in the amount of reimbursement claimed to offset CCC demand for... reimbursement shall be submitted by the MAP Participant's U.S. office to CCC. (c) CCC will not reimburse a claim...

7 CFR 1402.5 - Late payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... payments. If payment is not received by CCC within the period specified in the sales contract, interest will be assessed by CCC. If a buyer fails to make arrangements for payment according to the provisions of the contract, CCC retains the right to terminate the sales contract. If CCC terminates the sales...

7 CFR 1493.530 - Miscellaneous provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee... proceeds which are, or may become, payable by CCC under a payment guarantee or the right to such proceeds... in advance by CCC, be: (i) Made to one party acting for two or more parties; or (ii) Subject to...

7 CFR 1493.330 - Miscellaneous provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility Guarantee Program... proceeds which are, or may become, payable by CCC under a facility payment guarantee or the right to such..., unless approved in advance by CCC, be subject to further assignment. Any assignment may be made to one...

7 CFR 1405.4 - Delegations of authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Delegations of authority. The delegations of authority relating to the CCC programs and activities are set forth in the by-laws of CCC and in dockets approved by the CCC Board of Directors. Copies of the By-laws and the dockets may be obtained from the Secretary of CCC. ...

7 CFR 1493.50 - Certification requirements for obtaining payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program... requirements of § 1493.30, and the exporter will immediately notify CCC if there is a change of circumstances...

7 CFR 1402.5 - Late payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... payments. If payment is not received by CCC within the period specified in the sales contract, interest will be assessed by CCC. If a buyer fails to make arrangements for payment according to the provisions of the contract, CCC retains the right to terminate the sales contract. If CCC terminates the sales...

7 CFR 1488.5 - Acceptance of sale registrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... COMMODITIES Financing of Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit... and eligible for financing. (b) [Reserved] (c) CCC reserves the right to reject any and all requests... exporter and CCC which shall consist of the exporter's request for a sale registration, CCC's acceptance of...

7 CFR 1488.18 - Covenant against contingent fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Financing of Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales... exporter for the purpose of securing business. For breach or violation of this warranty, CCC shall have the... liability to CCC. Should the financing agreement be annulled, CCC will promptly consent to the reduction or...

7 CFR 1493.530 - Miscellaneous provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee... proceeds which are, or may become, payable by CCC under a payment guarantee or the right to such proceeds... in advance by CCC, be: (i) Made to one party acting for two or more parties; or (ii) Subject to...

7 CFR 1493.430 - Application for a payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier... quantity, contract loading tolerance and, if the exporter chooses, a request for CCC to reserve coverage up... is also being used as the basis for an application for participation in any of the following CCC or...

7 CFR 1493.530 - Miscellaneous provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC... exporter may assign the proceeds which are, or may become, payable by CCC under a payment guarantee or the..., unless approved in advance by CCC, be: (i) Made to one party acting for two or more parties; or (ii...

7 CFR 1402.5 - Late payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... payments. If payment is not received by CCC within the period specified in the sales contract, interest will be assessed by CCC. If a buyer fails to make arrangements for payment according to the provisions of the contract, CCC retains the right to terminate the sales contract. If CCC terminates the sales...

7 CFR 1493.460 - Guarantee rates and fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee... not be approved until the guarantee fee has been received by CCC. The exporter's check for the guarantee fee shall be made payable to CCC and mailed or delivered by courier to the office specified in the...

7 CFR 1493.460 - Guarantee rates and fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee... not be approved until the guarantee fee has been received by CCC. The exporter's check for the guarantee fee shall be made payable to CCC and mailed or delivered by courier to the office specified in the...

7 CFR 1435.605 - Competitive procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... § 1435.605 Competitive procedures. (a) CCC will generally issue tenders for bids, before entering into... the least cost to CCC of removing sugar from the market. (b) CCC may, at times, negotiate contracts directly with sellers or buyers, if CCC determines that such negotiation will result in either reduced...

7 CFR 1493.50 - Certification requirements for obtaining payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program... requirements of § 1493.30, and the exporter will immediately notify CCC if there is a change of circumstances...

7 CFR 1493.70 - Guarantee rates and fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493.70... length of the payment terms provided for in the export sale contract, the degree of risk that CCC assumes...

7 CFR 1405.4 - Delegations of authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Delegations of authority. The delegations of authority relating to the CCC programs and activities are set forth in the by-laws of CCC and in dockets approved by the CCC Board of Directors. Copies of the By-laws and the dockets may be obtained from the Secretary of CCC. ...

7 CFR 1493.430 - Application for a payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier... quantity, contract loading tolerance and, if the exporter chooses, a request for CCC to reserve coverage up... is also being used as the basis for an application for participation in any of the following CCC or...

7 CFR 1493.50 - Certification requirements for obtaining payment guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program... requirements of § 1493.30, and the exporter will immediately notify CCC if there is a change of circumstances...

50 CFR 600.117 - Council coordination committee (CCC).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 12 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Council coordination committee (CCC). 600... Councils § 600.117 Council coordination committee (CCC). (a) The Councils may establish a Council coordination committee (CCC) consisting of the chairs, vice chairs, and executive directors of each of the...

7 CFR 1493.90 - Certification requirements for the evidence of export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103... certifications with respect to a GSM-102 or GSM-103 payment guarantee, CCC will have the right, notwithstanding...

7 CFR 1405.4 - Delegations of authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Delegations of authority. The delegations of authority relating to the CCC programs and activities are set forth in the by-laws of CCC and in dockets approved by the CCC Board of Directors. Copies of the By-laws and the dockets may be obtained from the Secretary of CCC. ...

7 CFR 1493.110 - Notice of default and claims for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and CCC Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) Operations § 1493... related obligation, the exporter or the exporter's assignee must submit a notice of default to CCC as soon...

Growing Our Workforce through Business and Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pauley, Douglas R.; Davidchik, Daniel

2010-01-01

In 2004, Central Community College (CCC) established the Mechatronics Education Center (MEC), a regional center of excellence, to help the state address the shortage of skilled technicians in the area of industrial automation. The MEC addresses the needs of the current and future workforce through the implementation of its three main components:…

Transmetallation from CCC-NHC pincer Zr complexes in the synthesis of air-stable CCC-NHC pincer Co(iii) complexes and initial hydroboration trials.

PubMed

Reilly, Sean W; Webster, Charles Edwin; Hollis, T Keith; Valle, Henry U

2016-02-21

Development of CCC-NHC pincer Co complexes via transmetalation from Zr is reported. Formation of these air-stable Co(iii) complexes was achieved through use of a CoCl2 or Co(acac)3in situ or with a discrete CCC-NHC pincer Zr transmetallating agent. Preliminary activity in the hydroboration of styrene is reported. This facile methodology will further the development of CCC-NHC pincer first-row transition metal complexes.

7 CFR 1493.20 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Secretary of Agriculture. (c) Contacts P/R. A notice issued by FAS/USDA by public press release which contains specific names, addresses, and telephone and facsimile numbers of contacts within FAS/USDA and CCC... appropriate FOB, FAS, CFR or CIF basis. Discounts and allowances include, but are not limited to, the...

7 CFR 1493.410 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Secretary of Agriculture. (c) Contacts P/R. A notice issued by FAS/USDA by public press release which contains specific names, addresses, and telephone and facsimile numbers of contacts within FAS/USDA and CCC... agricultural commodity, above and beyond the commodity's value, stated on the appropriate FOB, FAS, CFR or CIF...

7 CFR 1493.410 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Secretary of Agriculture. (c) Contacts P/R. A notice issued by FAS/USDA by public press release which contains specific names, addresses, and telephone and facsimile numbers of contacts within FAS/USDA and CCC... agricultural commodity, above and beyond the commodity's value, stated on the appropriate FOB, FAS, CFR or CIF...

7 CFR 1493.410 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Secretary of Agriculture. (c) Contacts P/R. A notice issued by FAS/USDA by public press release which contains specific names, addresses, and telephone and facsimile numbers of contacts within FAS/USDA and CCC... agricultural commodity, above and beyond the commodity's value, stated on the appropriate FOB, FAS, CFR or CIF...

7 CFR 1493.20 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Secretary of Agriculture. (c) Contacts P/R. A notice issued by FAS/USDA by public press release which contains specific names, addresses, and telephone and facsimile numbers of contacts within FAS/USDA and CCC... appropriate FOB, FAS, CFR or CIF basis. Discounts and allowances include, but are not limited to, the...

7 CFR 1493.20 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Secretary of Agriculture. (c) Contacts P/R. A notice issued by FAS/USDA by public press release which contains specific names, addresses, and telephone and facsimile numbers of contacts within FAS/USDA and CCC... appropriate FOB, FAS, CFR or CIF basis. Discounts and allowances include, but are not limited to, the...

Does Collaborative Case Conceptualisation enhance engagement and outcome in the treatment of anorexia nervosa? Rational, design and methods.

PubMed

Mitchell, Sarah A; Newton, Richard; Harrison, Philippa; Castle, David; Brennan, Leah

2016-03-01

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe and potentially chronic disorder characterised by low body weight and persistent behaviours that interfere with weight gain. Individuals with AN are often difficult to engage in treatment and display high rates of drop out. The Collaborative Case Conceptualisation (CCC) assessment approach was developed to target proposed AN maintaining factors with the aim of improving treatment motivation and engagement and consequently treatment outcomes in individuals with AN. The proposed study aims to examine the efficacy of CCC in improving a range of outcomes including Body Mass Index, eating disorder symptomatology, general psychopathology, quality of life and future treatment motivation and participation. Potential mediators will also be explored. Thirty-two participants will be recruited from Melbourne based specialist eating disorder services, community and university clinics, and health practitioner networks. Participants will be randomised to three individual sessions of either CCC or a standardised assessment condition (assessment as usual; AAU). The AAU assessment will include; a mental status examination, assessment of current disordered eating behaviours and cognitions, assessment of clinical history, and a physical examination. The CCC condition combines the AAU assessment components with shared collaborative formulation and tailored psychoeducation highlighting the consequences of the eating disorder on wellbeing and future goals in a supportive and motivating way. This intervention may provide an effective and feasible method of improving treatment engagement and outcomes for individuals suffering from AN, with the ultimate outcome of reducing the negative biopsychosocial impacts of this potentially severe and chronic disorder. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

78 FR 59289 - Clarification of Bales Made Available for Shipment by CCC-Approved Warehouses

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-26

... for CCC-approved warehouses storing cotton. The amendment would change the definition of Bales Made Available for Shipment (BMAS). CCC-approved cotton warehouses are currently required to report BMAS, among... information about bales available for shipment, benefiting both CCC and the cotton industry. DATES: We will...

7 CFR 1435.602 - Eligible sugar to be purchased by CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Eligible sugar to be purchased by CCC. 1435.602... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS SUGAR PROGRAM Feedstock Flexibility Program § 1435.602 Eligible sugar to be purchased by CCC. (a) CCC will only purchase raw sugar...

7 CFR 1427.21 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... § 1427.21 Settlement. (a) The settlement of cotton loans will be made by CCC on the basis of the quality and quantity of the cotton delivered to CCC by the producer or acquired by CCC subject to the producer... maximum storage credit rates as determined and announced by CCC. (b) For purposes of settlements for...

7 CFR 1488.12 - Coverage of bank obligations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Bank... when determined by the President or Vice President, CCC after consultation with the Controller, CCC, to be in the interest of CCC. (c) A U.S. bank must confirm the full amount of an obligation issued by...

7 CFR 1494.501 - Submission of offers to CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Submission of offers to CCC. 1494.501 Section 1494... Program Operations § 1494.501 Submission of offers to CCC. (a) Consideration of offers. Unless otherwise specified in the Invitation, CCC will consider offers on a daily basis from the date of issuance of the...

7 CFR 17.9 - CCC payment to suppliers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false CCC payment to suppliers. 17.9 Section 17.9... TITLE I OF THE AGRICULTURAL TRADE DEVELOPMENT AND ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1954, AS AMENDED § 17.9 CCC payment to suppliers. (a) General. (1) The supplier shall request payment from CCC for the amount of the...

7 CFR 1488.12 - Coverage of bank obligations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Financing of Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales... be confirmed by an agency bank when determined by the President or Vice President, CCC after consultation with the Controller, CCC, to be in the interest of CCC. (c) A U.S. bank must confirm the full...

7 CFR 1494.501 - Submission of offers to CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Submission of offers to CCC. 1494.501 Section 1494....501 Submission of offers to CCC. (a) Consideration of offers. Unless otherwise specified in the Invitation, CCC will consider offers on a daily basis from the date of issuance of the Invitation until such...

7 CFR 1493.500 - Notice of default and claims for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier... exporter or the exporter's assignee must submit a notice of default to CCC as soon as possible, but not... notice of default must be submitted in writing to the Treasurer, CCC, at the address specified in the...

7 CFR 1962.19 - Claims against Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Claims against Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC... Liquidation of Chattel Security § 1962.19 Claims against Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC). This section is based on a Memorandum of Understanding between CCC and FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103...

7 CFR 1493.300 - Notice of default and claims for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility... notice of default to CCC as soon as possible, but not later than ten days after the date that payment was... Treasurer, CCC, at the address specified in the Contacts P/R. If the exporter or the exporter's assignee...

7 CFR 1493.500 - Notice of default and claims for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier... exporter or the exporter's assignee must submit a notice of default to CCC as soon as possible, but not... notice of default must be submitted in writing to the Treasurer, CCC, at the address specified in the...

7 CFR 1493.300 - Notice of default and claims for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility... notice of default to CCC as soon as possible, but not later than ten days after the date that payment was... Treasurer, CCC, at the address specified in the Contacts P/R. If the exporter or the exporter's assignee...

7 CFR 1405.1 - Interest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) Except as may otherwise be determined by CCC as provided in individual program regulations, program contracts or such other means as deemed appropriate by CCC the rate of interest that is applicable to CCC loans shall be equal to the rate of interest charged by the U.S. Treasury for funds borrowed by CCC on...

7 CFR 1403.8 - Withholding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... payable to a debtor by CCC to ensure that the interests of CCC and the United States will be protected as provided in this section. (b) A payment may be withheld to protect the interests of CCC or the United States only if CCC determines that: (1) There has been a serious breach of contract or violation of...

7 CFR 1488.12 - Coverage of bank obligations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Financing of Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales... be confirmed by an agency bank when determined by the President or Vice President, CCC after consultation with the Controller, CCC, to be in the interest of CCC. (c) A U.S. bank must confirm the full...

7 CFR 1493.500 - Notice of default and claims for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier... exporter or the exporter's assignee must submit a notice of default to CCC as soon as possible, but not... notice of default must be submitted in writing to the Treasurer, CCC, at the address specified in the...

7 CFR 17.9 - CCC payment to suppliers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false CCC payment to suppliers. 17.9 Section 17.9... TITLE I OF THE AGRICULTURAL TRADE DEVELOPMENT AND ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1954, AS AMENDED § 17.9 CCC payment to suppliers. (a) General. (1) The supplier shall request payment from CCC for the amount of the...

7 CFR 17.9 - CCC payment to suppliers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false CCC payment to suppliers. 17.9 Section 17.9... TITLE I OF THE AGRICULTURAL TRADE DEVELOPMENT AND ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1954, AS AMENDED § 17.9 CCC payment to suppliers. (a) General. (1) The supplier shall request payment from CCC for the amount of the...

7 CFR 1962.19 - Claims against Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Claims against Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC... Liquidation of Chattel Security § 1962.19 Claims against Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC). This section is based on a Memorandum of Understanding between CCC and FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103...

7 CFR 1405.1 - Interest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) Except as may otherwise be determined by CCC as provided in individual program regulations, program contracts or such other means as deemed appropriate by CCC the rate of interest that is applicable to CCC loans shall be equal to the rate of interest charged by the U.S. Treasury for funds borrowed by CCC on...

7 CFR 1962.19 - Claims against Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Claims against Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC... Liquidation of Chattel Security § 1962.19 Claims against Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC). This section is based on a Memorandum of Understanding between CCC and FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103...

7 CFR 1427.21 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... § 1427.21 Settlement. (a) The settlement of cotton loans will be made by CCC on the basis of the quality and quantity of the cotton delivered to CCC by the producer or acquired by CCC subject to the producer... maximum storage credit rates as determined and announced by CCC. (b) For purposes of settlements for...

7 CFR 1494.501 - Submission of offers to CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Submission of offers to CCC. 1494.501 Section 1494....501 Submission of offers to CCC. (a) Consideration of offers. Unless otherwise specified in the Invitation, CCC will consider offers on a daily basis from the date of issuance of the Invitation until such...

7 CFR 1493.300 - Notice of default and claims for loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Facility... notice of default to CCC as soon as possible, but not later than ten days after the date that payment was... Treasurer, CCC, at the address specified in the Contacts P/R. If the exporter or the exporter's assignee...

7 CFR 1403.8 - Withholding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... payable to a debtor by CCC to ensure that the interests of CCC and the United States will be protected as provided in this section. (b) A payment may be withheld to protect the interests of CCC or the United States only if CCC determines that: (1) There has been a serious breach of contract or violation of...

7 CFR 17.9 - CCC payment to suppliers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false CCC payment to suppliers. 17.9 Section 17.9... TITLE I OF THE AGRICULTURAL TRADE DEVELOPMENT AND ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1954, AS AMENDED § 17.9 CCC payment to suppliers. (a) General. (1) The supplier shall request payment from CCC for the amount of the...

7 CFR 1405.1 - Interest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) Except as may otherwise be determined by CCC as provided in individual program regulations, program contracts or such other means as deemed appropriate by CCC the rate of interest that is applicable to CCC loans shall be equal to the rate of interest charged by the U.S. Treasury for funds borrowed by CCC on...

7 CFR 1488.12 - Coverage of bank obligations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Bank... when determined by the President or Vice President, CCC after consultation with the Controller, CCC, to be in the interest of CCC. (c) A U.S. bank must confirm the full amount of an obligation issued by...

7 CFR 1494.501 - Submission of offers to CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Submission of offers to CCC. 1494.501 Section 1494....501 Submission of offers to CCC. (a) Consideration of offers. Unless otherwise specified in the Invitation, CCC will consider offers on a daily basis from the date of issuance of the Invitation until such...

7 CFR 1427.21 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... § 1427.21 Settlement. (a) The settlement of cotton loans will be made by CCC on the basis of the quality and quantity of the cotton delivered to CCC by the producer or acquired by CCC subject to the producer... maximum storage credit rates as determined and announced by CCC. (b) For purposes of settlements for...

7 CFR 1494.501 - Submission of offers to CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Submission of offers to CCC. 1494.501 Section 1494... Program Operations § 1494.501 Submission of offers to CCC. (a) Consideration of offers. Unless otherwise specified in the Invitation, CCC will consider offers on a daily basis from the date of issuance of the...

7 CFR 1962.19 - Claims against Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Claims against Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC... Liquidation of Chattel Security § 1962.19 Claims against Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC). This section is based on a Memorandum of Understanding between CCC and FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103...

7 CFR 1405.1 - Interest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) Except as may otherwise be determined by CCC as provided in individual program regulations, program contracts or such other means as deemed appropriate by CCC the rate of interest that is applicable to CCC loans shall be equal to the rate of interest charged by the U.S. Treasury for funds borrowed by CCC on...

7 CFR 1405.1 - Interest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) Except as may otherwise be determined by CCC as provided in individual program regulations, program contracts or such other means as deemed appropriate by CCC the rate of interest that is applicable to CCC loans shall be equal to the rate of interest charged by the U.S. Treasury for funds borrowed by CCC on...

7 CFR 1488.12 - Coverage of bank obligations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Bank... when determined by the President or Vice President, CCC after consultation with the Controller, CCC, to be in the interest of CCC. (c) A U.S. bank must confirm the full amount of an obligation issued by...

7 CFR 1962.19 - Claims against Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Claims against Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC... Liquidation of Chattel Security § 1962.19 Claims against Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC). This section is based on a Memorandum of Understanding between CCC and FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103...

7 CFR 1427.21 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... § 1427.21 Settlement. (a) The settlement of cotton loans will be made by CCC on the basis of the quality and quantity of the cotton delivered to CCC by the producer or acquired by CCC subject to the producer... maximum storage credit rates as determined and announced by CCC. (b) For purposes of settlements for...

7 CFR 17.9 - CCC payment to suppliers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false CCC payment to suppliers. 17.9 Section 17.9... TITLE I OF THE AGRICULTURAL TRADE DEVELOPMENT AND ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1954, AS AMENDED § 17.9 CCC payment to suppliers. (a) General. (1) The supplier shall request payment from CCC for the amount of the...

Compulsory commitment to care of substance misusers: international trends during 25 Years.

PubMed

Israelsson, Magnus; Gerdner, Arne

2012-01-01

The study explores international trends in law on compulsory commitment to care of substance misusers (CCC), and two subtypes - civil CCC and CCC within criminal justice legislation - as well as maximum length and amount of applications of such care. The time period covers more than 25 years, and a total of 104 countries and territories. The study is based on available data in three times of observation (1986, 1999 and 2009). Applications of CCC in number of cases are studied on European level for the years 2002-2006. Trends are analyzed using nonparametric tests and general linear models for repeated measures. Findings are discussed from contextual analysis. There is a trend towards decrease in the number of countries worldwide having civil CCC legislation after the millennium, while CCC under criminal law has increased since the mid-1980s, resulting in some total net decrease. The shift results in longer mean duration of CCC and an increase in the number of cases sentenced. There is a risk that the shift from civil CCC to penal CCC implies more focus on young out-acting males in compulsory treatment and that the societal responsibility for more vulnerable persons might be neglected. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Welfare, temperance and compulsory commitment to care for persons with substance misuse problems: a comparative study of 38 European countries.

PubMed

Israelsson, Magnus

2011-01-01

The study explores the existence and types of law on compulsory commitment to care (CCC) of adult substance misusers in Europe and how such laws are related to variations in demographics, alcohol consumption and epidemiology in misuse of opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, temperance culture heritage, health and welfare expenditure, and involvement and role of the state in welfare distribution. Legal information on laws on CCC of misusers was obtained primarily through a survey of 38 European countries. Predictors of laws on CCC, and types of such, were analyzed from country descriptors in multivariate models. A majority (74%) of the explored countries have a law concerning CCC. The most common type of CCC law is within criminal justice legislation (45%), but civil CCC is almost as frequent (37%). These two models of CCC legislation are related to differences in cultural heritage and welfare distribution models. Temperance cultures, i.e. countries with a history of a strong temperance movement, and countries with a Beveridgean distribution of welfare, i.e. through the state, tend to favor civil CCC, while countries with a Bismarckian distribution of welfare, i.e. through insurance with less state interference, tend to favor CCC within criminal justice legislation. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Comparison of Maximum Stretch Forces between Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Capsulotomy and Continuous Curvilinear Capsulorhexis

PubMed Central

Ichikawa, Kei; Tanaka, Yoshiki; Kato, Yukihito; Horai, Rie; Tamaoki, Akeno; Ichikawa, Kazuo

2017-01-01

The current study reports comparing the postoperative mechanical properties of the anterior capsule between femtosecond laser capsulotomy (FLC) and continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) of variable size and shape in porcine eyes. All CCCs were created using capsule forceps. Irregular or eccentric CCCs were also created to simulate real cataract surgery. For FLC, capsulotomies 5.3 mm in diameter were created using the LenSx® (Alcon) platform. Fresh porcine eyes were used in all experiments. The edges of the capsule openings were pulled at a constant speed using two L-shaped jigs. Stretch force and distance were recorded over time, and the maximum values in this regard were defined as those that were recorded when the capsule broke. There was no difference in maximum stretch force between CCC and FLC. There were no differences in circularity between FLC and same-sized CCC. However, same-sized CCC did show significantly higher maximum stretch forces than FLC. Teardrop-shaped CCC showed lower maximum stretch forces than same-sized CCC and FLC. Heart-shaped CCC showed lower maximum stretch forces than same-sized CCC. Conclusively, while capsule edge strength after CCC varied depending on size or irregularities, FLC had the advantage of stable maximum stretch forces. PMID:28210504

Comparison of Maximum Stretch Forces between Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Capsulotomy and Continuous Curvilinear Capsulorhexis.

PubMed

Takagi, Mari; Kojima, Takashi; Ichikawa, Kei; Tanaka, Yoshiki; Kato, Yukihito; Horai, Rie; Tamaoki, Akeno; Ichikawa, Kazuo

2017-01-01

The current study reports comparing the postoperative mechanical properties of the anterior capsule between femtosecond laser capsulotomy (FLC) and continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) of variable size and shape in porcine eyes. All CCCs were created using capsule forceps. Irregular or eccentric CCCs were also created to simulate real cataract surgery. For FLC, capsulotomies 5.3 mm in diameter were created using the LenSx® (Alcon) platform. Fresh porcine eyes were used in all experiments. The edges of the capsule openings were pulled at a constant speed using two L-shaped jigs. Stretch force and distance were recorded over time, and the maximum values in this regard were defined as those that were recorded when the capsule broke. There was no difference in maximum stretch force between CCC and FLC. There were no differences in circularity between FLC and same-sized CCC. However, same-sized CCC did show significantly higher maximum stretch forces than FLC. Teardrop-shaped CCC showed lower maximum stretch forces than same-sized CCC and FLC. Heart-shaped CCC showed lower maximum stretch forces than same-sized CCC. Conclusively, while capsule edge strength after CCC varied depending on size or irregularities, FLC had the advantage of stable maximum stretch forces.

The relationship between ischaemia-modified albumin and good coronary collateral circulation.

PubMed

Gök, Murat; Kundi, Harun; Kızıltunç, Emrullah; Topcuoglu, Canan; Ornek, Ender

2018-01-01

It is important to determine the grade of the coronary collateral circulation (CCC) in patients with stable coronary artery disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA) level and good CCC. A total of 95 patients with coronary angiography and at least one epicardial coronary artery obstruction were included in the study. The Rentrop classification was used with CCC grading, where 0 and 1 were defined as poor collateral, and 2 and 3 were defined as good collateral. The IMA level of the patients was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to show the sensitivity and specificity of IMA levels and the optimal cut-off value for predicting good CCC. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the IMA level in the good CCC group was higher (p < 0.045). Conversely, the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was lower in the good CCC group (p < 0.023). We found an IMA cut-off value (4.7 ng/mL) that indicated good CCC level, and this shows good CCC with 70.2% sensitivity and 60.3% specificity. The IMA level could serve as a simple and useful predictor of well-developed CCC.

Grapevine and Arabidopsis Cation-Chloride Cotransporters Localize to the Golgi and Trans-Golgi Network and Indirectly Influence Long-Distance Ion Transport and Plant Salt Tolerance1[OPEN

PubMed Central

Henderson, Sam W.; Wege, Stefanie; Qiu, Jiaen; Blackmore, Deidre H.; Walker, Amanda R.; Tyerman, Stephen D.; Walker, Rob R.; Gilliham, Matthew

2015-01-01

Plant cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) have been implicated in conferring salt tolerance. They are predicted to improve shoot salt exclusion by directly catalyzing the retrieval of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) ions from the root xylem. We investigated whether grapevine (Vitis vinifera [Vvi]) CCC has a role in salt tolerance by cloning and functionally characterizing the gene from the cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that VviCCC shares a high degree of similarity with other plant CCCs. A VviCCC-yellow fluorescent protein translational fusion protein localized to the Golgi and the trans-Golgi network and not the plasma membrane when expressed transiently in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mesophyll protoplasts. AtCCC-green fluorescent protein from Arabidopsis also localized to the Golgi and the trans-Golgi network. In Xenopus laevis oocytes, VviCCC targeted to the plasma membrane, where it catalyzed bumetanide-sensitive 36Cl–, 22Na+, and 86Rb+ uptake, suggesting that VviCCC (like AtCCC) belongs to the Na+-K+-2Cl– cotransporter class of CCCs. Expression of VviCCC in an Arabidopsis ccc knockout mutant abolished the mutant’s stunted growth phenotypes and reduced shoot Cl– and Na+ content to wild-type levels after growing plants in 50 mm NaCl. In grapevine roots, VviCCC transcript abundance was not regulated by Cl– treatment and was present at similar levels in both the root stele and cortex of three Vitis spp. genotypes that exhibit differential shoot salt exclusion. Our findings indicate that CCC function is conserved between grapevine and Arabidopsis, but neither protein is likely to directly mediate ion transfer with the xylem or have a direct role in salt tolerance. PMID:26378102

Continuous circular cycling as a predictor of treatment response in bipolar disorders: a comprehensive review of the current literature.

PubMed

Tundo, Antonio; Cavalieri, Paola

2018-02-01

Evidence from the literature suggests that, on average, 27% of patients with a bipolar disorder (BD) experience a continuous cycling course (CCC) and that this subgroup differs significantly from patients with a noncontinuous cycling course (N-CCC) with respect to sociodemographic characteristics and clinical presentation. The aim of the present paper is to review the studies that evaluated short- and long-term treatment responses in BD patients with CCC. The retrieved studies indicate that CCC is a significant predictor of poor response to long-term treatment with lithium (the odds of a response in the CCC group were 57% less than in the N-CCC group; p<0.01), as well as to polytherapies including lithium and/or an antiepileptic augmented, when necessary, with an antipsychotic and/or antidepressant. The percentage of patients without new episodes during follow-up was significantly lower in the CCC group compared with the N-CCC group (15.4 vs. 37.6% , p<0.01). Compared with patients in the N-CCC group, members of the CCC group had a poorer response and lower remission rates after 12-week antidepressant treatments for a major depressive episode (82.3 vs. 50%, p =0.002; 69.6 vs. 40.9%, p=0.013). These findings, underlining that CCC is a predictor of poor response to short- and long-term treatment in BD, should be interpreted considering the limitations of the reviewed studies (the small sample sizes, the small number of trials and their observational nature, the lack of randomization or placebo controls, and the unblinded nature of the outcomes). Clinical trials and observational studies with larger samples are warranted to confirm the conclusions of our review.

Relationship of mean platelet volume to lymphocyte ratio and coronary collateral circulation in patients with stable angina pectoris.

PubMed

Ornek, Ender; Kurtul, Alparslan

2017-09-01

In patients with coronary artery disease, coronary collateral circulation (CCC) develops as an adaptation to ischemia and contributes toward reduction of cardiovascular events. Recently, the mean platelet volume-to-lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR) has emerged as a novel and readily available marker of inflammation and thrombosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between MPVLR and development of CCC. A total of 332 patients with stable angina pectoris undergoing coronary arteriography were enrolled and divided on the basis of the development of CCC into two groups: group with adequate CCC (n=243) and group with impaired CCC (n=89). Routine complete blood count parameters and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured before coronary arteriography. Both MPVLR and hsCRP levels were higher in the impaired CCC group (P<0.001 and P=0.007, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that MPVLR was associated independently with impaired CCC [odds ratio (OR): 1.706, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.328-2.192, P<0.001]. In addition to MPVLR, hsCRP (OR: 1.144, P=0.030) and fasting blood glucose (OR: 1.007, P=0.049) were also associated independently with impaired CCC. In receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, an optimal cut-off point for MPVLR (4.47) was found to predict the presence of good CCC with a sensitivity of 75.3% and a specificity of 71.2% (P<0001). Our findings suggest that measurement of MPVLR may predict the development of CCC in patients with stable coronary artery disease. An increased MPVLR is associated independently with impaired CCC in these patients.

Coprinus comatus Cap Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation via Regulation of PPARγ and Akt Signaling Pathway

PubMed Central

Jang, Sun-Hee; Kang, Suk Nam; Jeon, Beong-Sam; Ko, Yeoung-Gyu; Kim, Hong-Duck; Won, Chung-Kil; Kim, Gon-Sup; Cho, Jae-Hyeon

2014-01-01

This study assessed the effects of Coprinus comatus cap (CCC) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the effects of CCC on the development of diet-induced obesity in rats. Here, we showed that the CCC has an inhibitory effect on the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, resulting in a significant decrease in lipid accumulation through the downregulation of several adipocyte specific-transcription factors, including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β, C/EBPδ, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Moreover, treatment with CCC during adipocyte differentiation induced a significant down-regulation of PPARγ and adipogenic target genes, including adipocyte protein 2, lipoprotein lipase, and adiponectin. Interestingly, the CCC treatment of the 3T3-L1 adipocytes suppressed the insulin-stimulated Akt and GSK3β phosphorylation, and these effects were stronger in the presence of an inhibitor of Akt phosphorylation, LY294002, suggesting that CCC inhibited adipocyte differentiation through the down-regulation of Akt signaling. In the animal study, CCC administration significantly reduced the body weight and adipose tissue weight of rats fed a high fat diet (HFD) and attenuated lipid accumulation in the adipose tissues of the HFD-induced obese rats. The size of the adipocyte in the epididymal fat of the CCC fed rats was significantly smaller than in the HFD rats. CCC treatment significantly reduced the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the serum of HFD rats. These results strongly indicated that the CCC-mediated decrease in body weight was due to a reduction in adipose tissue mass. The expression level of PPARγ and phospho-Akt was significantly lower in the CCC-treated HFD rats than that in the HFD obesity rats. These results suggested that CCC inhibited adipocyte differentiation by the down-regulation of major transcription factor involved in the adipogenesis pathway including PPARγ through the regulation of the Akt pathway in 3T3-L1 cells and HFD adipose tissue. PMID:25181477

Pediatric complex chronic conditions classification system version 2: updated for ICD-10 and complex medical technology dependence and transplantation

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background The pediatric complex chronic conditions (CCC) classification system, developed in 2000, requires revision to accommodate the International Classification of Disease 10th Revision (ICD-10). To update the CCC classification system, we incorporated ICD-9 diagnostic codes that had been either omitted or incorrectly specified in the original system, and then translated between ICD-9 and ICD-10 using General Equivalence Mappings (GEMs). We further reviewed all codes in the ICD-9 and ICD-10 systems to include both diagnostic and procedural codes indicative of technology dependence or organ transplantation. We applied the provisional CCC version 2 (v2) system to death certificate information and 2 databases of health utilization, reviewed the resulting CCC classifications, and corrected any misclassifications. Finally, we evaluated performance of the CCC v2 system by assessing: 1) the stability of the system between ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes using data which included both ICD-9 codes and ICD-10 codes; 2) the year-to-year stability before and after ICD-10 implementation; and 3) the proportions of patients classified as having a CCC in both the v1 and v2 systems. Results The CCC v2 classification system consists of diagnostic and procedural codes that incorporate a new neonatal CCC category as well as domains of complexity arising from technology dependence or organ transplantation. CCC v2 demonstrated close comparability between ICD-9 and ICD-10 and did not detect significant discontinuity in temporal trends of death in the United States. Compared to the original system, CCC v2 resulted in a 1.0% absolute (10% relative) increase in the number of patients identified as having a CCC in national hospitalization dataset, and a 0.4% absolute (24% relative) increase in a national emergency department dataset. Conclusions The updated CCC v2 system is comprehensive and multidimensional, and provides a necessary update to accommodate widespread implementation of ICD-10. PMID:25102958

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vikraman, S; Ramu, M; Karrthick, Kp

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the advent of COMPASS 3D dosimetry as a routine pre treatment verification tool with commercially available CMS Monaco and Oncentra Masterplan planning system. Methods: Twenty esophagus patients were selected for this study. All these patients underwent radical VMAT treatment in Elekta Linac and plans were generated in Monaco v5.0 with MonteCarlo(MC) dose calculation algorithm. COMPASS 3D dosimetry comprises an advanced dose calculation algorithm of collapsed cone convolution(CCC). To validate CCC algorithm in COMPASS, The DICOM RT Plans generated using Monaco MC algorithm were transferred to Oncentra Masterplan v4.3 TPS. Only finalmore » dose calculations were performed using CCC algorithm with out optimization in Masterplan planning system. It is proven that MC algorithm is an accurate algorithm and obvious that there will be a difference with MC and CCC algorithms. Hence CCC in COMPASS should be validated with other commercially available CCC algorithm. To use the CCC as pretreatment verification tool with reference to MC generated treatment plans, CCC in OMP and CCC in COMPASS were validated using dose volume based indices such as D98, D95 for target volumes and OAR doses. Results: The point doses for open beams were observed <1% with reference to Monaco MC algorithms. Comparisons of CCC(OMP) Vs CCC(COMPASS) showed a mean difference of 1.82%±1.12SD and 1.65%±0.67SD for D98 and D95 respectively for Target coverage. Maximum point dose of −2.15%±0.60SD difference was observed in target volume. The mean lung dose of −2.68%±1.67SD was noticed between OMP and COMPASS. The maximum point doses for spinal cord were −1.82%±0.287SD. Conclusion: In this study, the accuracy of CCC algorithm in COMPASS 3D dosimetry was validated by compared with CCC algorithm in OMP TPS. Dose calculation in COMPASS is feasible within < 2% in comparison with commercially available TPS algorithms.« less

[The relationship between fragmented QRS complex and coronary collateral circulation in patients with chronic total occlusion lesion without prior myocardial infarction].

PubMed

Gu, X J; Shan, S J; Liu, Z Z; Jin, G Z; Hu, Z Y; Zhu, L L; Zhang, J

2017-04-24

Objective: To explore the relationship between fragmented QRS complex(fQRS) and coronary collateral circulation(CCC) in patients with chronic total occlusion(CTO)lesion without prior myocardial infarction. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 238 consecutive patients with CTO lesion in one of the major coronary arteries from May 2014 to October 2015 in our department. Patients were divided into poor CCC group (grade 0 and 1, 58 cases) and good CCC group(grade 2 and 3, 180 cases) based on Rentrop's classification of CCC. The fQRS was defined as the presence of an additional R wave or notching of R or S wave or the presence of fragmentation in two contiguous electrocardiogram leads corresponding to a major coronary artery territory. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between CCC and fQRS on electrocardiogram. Results: Compared with good CCC group, patients in poor CCC group had older age((65.2±8.9)years old vs. (60.3±10.1) years old, P =0.03), higher plasma glucose ((7.22±3.00) mmol/L vs.(6.31±1.83)mmol/L, P =0.04), and lower left ventricular ejection fraction ((45.2±11.4)% vs. (51.2±13.5)%, P =0.02). None of patients had Rentrop grade 0, the presence of fQRS on ECG in patients with Rentrop grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3 CCC was 69.0% (40/58), 48.6% (35/72) , and 19.4% (21/108), respectively ( P <0.01). The presence of fQRS were higher in poor CCC group than in good CCC group (69.0%(40/58)vs. 31.1%(56/180), P <0.01), and number of leads with fQRS were higher in poor CCC group than in good CCC group (3(0, 4)vs.0(0, 3), P <0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that poor CCC growth in patients with CTO lesion without prior myocardial infarction was independently related to the presence of fQRS ( OR =3.659, 95% CI 1.619-8.217, P <0.01). Conclusion: Poor CCC in patients with CTO lesion without prior myocardial infarction is independently related to the presence of fQRS on electrocardiogram.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fox, K. M.; Edwards, T. B.

In this report, the Savannah River National Laboratory provides chemical analyses and Product Consistency Test (PCT) results for 14 simulated high level waste glasses fabricated by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The results of these analyses will be used as part of efforts to revise or extend the validation regions of the current Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant glass property models to cover a broader span of waste compositions. The measured chemical composition data are reported and compared with the targeted values for each component for each glass. All of the measured sums of oxides for the study glassesmore » fell within the interval of 96.9 to 100.8 wt %, indicating recovery of all components. Comparisons of the targeted and measured chemical compositions showed that the measured values for the glasses met the targeted concentrations within 10% for those components present at more than 5 wt %. The PCT results were normalized to both the targeted and measured compositions of the study glasses. Several of the glasses exhibited increases in normalized concentrations (NCi) after the canister centerline cooled (CCC) heat treatment. Five of the glasses, after the CCC heat treatment, had NC B values that exceeded that of the Environmental Assessment (EA) benchmark glass. These results can be combined with additional characterization, including X-ray diffraction, to determine the cause of the higher release rates.« less

7 CFR 1425.7 - Suspension and termination of approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... ASSOCIATIONS § 1425.7 Suspension and termination of approval. (a) CCC may suspend a CMA from obtaining loans and LDP's when CCC determines the CMA has not: (1) Operated according to the CMA's application for... deficiencies of the CMA's operation as noted by CCC; or (4) Violated any of its agreements with CCC. (b) A...

7 CFR 1468.33 - Performance based upon advice or action of representatives of CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Performance based upon advice or action of representatives of CCC. 1468.33 Section 1468.33 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture... representatives of CCC. If a participant relied upon the advice or action of any authorized representative of CCC...

7 CFR 1425.7 - Suspension and termination of approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... ASSOCIATIONS § 1425.7 Suspension and termination of approval. (a) CCC may suspend a CMA from obtaining loans and LDP's when CCC determines the CMA has not: (1) Operated according to the CMA's application for... deficiencies of the CMA's operation as noted by CCC; or (4) Violated any of its agreements with CCC. (b) A...

7 CFR 1486.403 - What expenditures may CCC reimburse under the program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false What expenditures may CCC reimburse under the program... Contributions and Reimbursements § 1486.403 What expenditures may CCC reimburse under the program? (a) A... section, CCC will reimburse, in whole or in part, the cost of: (1) Salaries and benefits of the Recipient...

7 CFR 1468.33 - Performance based upon advice or action of representatives of CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Performance based upon advice or action of representatives of CCC. 1468.33 Section 1468.33 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture... representatives of CCC. If a participant relied upon the advice or action of any authorized representative of CCC...

7 CFR 1468.33 - Performance based upon advice or action of representatives of CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Performance based upon advice or action of representatives of CCC. 1468.33 Section 1468.33 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture... representatives of CCC. If a participant relied upon the advice or action of any authorized representative of CCC...

7 CFR 1486.403 - What expenditures may CCC reimburse under the program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false What expenditures may CCC reimburse under the program... MARKETS PROGRAM Contributions and Reimbursements § 1486.403 What expenditures may CCC reimburse under the... paragraph (a) of this section, CCC will reimburse, in whole or in part, the cost of: (1) Salaries and...

7 CFR 1425.7 - Suspension and termination of approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... ASSOCIATIONS § 1425.7 Suspension and termination of approval. (a) CCC may suspend a CMA from obtaining loans and LDP's when CCC determines the CMA has not: (1) Operated according to the CMA's application for... deficiencies of the CMA's operation as noted by CCC; or (4) Violated any of its agreements with CCC. (b) A...

7 CFR 1468.33 - Performance based upon advice or action of representatives of CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Performance based upon advice or action of representatives of CCC. 1468.33 Section 1468.33 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture... representatives of CCC. If a participant relied upon the advice or action of any authorized representative of CCC...

7 CFR 1425.7 - Suspension and termination of approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... ASSOCIATIONS § 1425.7 Suspension and termination of approval. (a) CCC may suspend a CMA from obtaining loans and LDP's when CCC determines the CMA has not: (1) Operated according to the CMA's application for... deficiencies of the CMA's operation as noted by CCC; or (4) Violated any of its agreements with CCC. (b) A...

7 CFR 1468.33 - Performance based upon advice or action of representatives of CCC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Performance based upon advice or action of representatives of CCC. 1468.33 Section 1468.33 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture... representatives of CCC. If a participant relied upon the advice or action of any authorized representative of CCC...

7 CFR 1425.7 - Suspension and termination of approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ASSOCIATIONS § 1425.7 Suspension and termination of approval. (a) CCC may suspend a CMA from obtaining loans and LDP's when CCC determines the CMA has not: (1) Operated according to the CMA's application for... deficiencies of the CMA's operation as noted by CCC; or (4) Violated any of its agreements with CCC. (b) A...

7 CFR 1486.403 - What expenditures may CCC reimburse under the program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false What expenditures may CCC reimburse under the program... Contributions and Reimbursements § 1486.403 What expenditures may CCC reimburse under the program? (a) A... section, CCC will reimburse, in whole or in part, the cost of: (1) Salaries and benefits of the Recipient...

The chemical bonds effect of Amaranthus hybridus L. and Dracaena Angustifolia on TiO2 as photo-sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar Cells (DSSC)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahliha, A. H.; Nurosyid, F.; Supriyanto, A.

2017-08-01

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) consists of a working electrode, dye, electrolyte, and a counter electrode. The paper showed the effect of chemical bonds Dracaena Angustifolia (suji leaves) and Amaranthus Hybridus L. (spinach leaves) on TiO2 for application in DSSC. Dracaena Angustifolia (suji leaves) and Amaranthus Hybridus L. (spinach leaves) were extracted using acetone solvent as a dye containing chlorophyll, the absorbance spectrum of the dye and TiO2 were characterized using Uv-visible spectrophotometer 1601 PC, the chemical bonds contained in TiO2-dye was characterized using FT-IR spectrophotometer Shimadzu Prestige 21. The efficiency of DSSC was calculated using I-V Keithley 2602A. Absorbance characterization of dye Dracaena Angustifolia showed two peaks at the wavelength of 665,5 nm and 412 nm. The absorbance peaks of dye Amaranthus Hybridus L. at the wavelength of 664 nm and 412,5 nm. FT-IR characterization of TiO2 founded the functional groups C=C-C, C=C-H, C-O, C-H, C=C, C-H aliphatic, and O-H. Dye Amaranthus Hybridus L. obtained functional groups C=C-C, C=C-H, C-O, C-H, C=C, C=O, C-H aliphatic, and O-H. Dye Dracaena Angustifolia obtained functional groups were identified as C=C-C, C=C-H, C-O, C-H, C=C, C-H aliphatic, and O-H. DSSC efficiency with Amaranthus Hybridus L. and Dracaena Angustifolia dyes of 0,063% and 0,058% respectively

Final work plan : phase I investigation of potential contamination at the former CCC/USDA grain storage facility in Montgomery City, Missouri.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, L. M.; Environmental Science Division

From September 1949 until September 1966, the Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA) leased property at the southeastern end of Montgomery City, Missouri, for the operation of a grain storage facility. During this time, commercial grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were commonly used by the CCC/USDA and the private grain storage industry to preserve grain in their facilities. In January 2000, carbon tetrachloride was detected in a soil sample (220 {micro}g/kg) and two soil gas samples (58 {micro}g/m{sup 3} and 550 {micro}g/m{sup 3}) collected at the former CCC/USDA facility, as a result of a pre-CERCLIS sitemore » screening investigation (SSI) performed by TN & Associates, Inc., on behalf of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region VII (MoDNR 2001). In June 2001, the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MoDNR) conducted further sampling of the soils and groundwater at the former CCC/USDA facility as part of a preliminary assessment/site inspection (PA/SI). The MoDNR confirmed the presence of carbon tetrachloride (at a maximum identified concentration of 2,810 {micro}g/kg) and chloroform (maximum 82 {micro}g/kg) in the soils and also detected carbon tetrachloride and chloroform (42.2 {micro}g/L and 58.4 {micro}g/L, respectively) in a groundwater sample collected at the former facility (MoDNR 2001). The carbon tetrachloride levels identified in the soils and groundwater are above the default target level (DTL) values established by the MoDNR for this contaminant in soils of all types (79.6 {micro}g/kg) and in groundwater (5.0 {micro}g/L), as outlined in Missouri Risk-Based Corrective Action (MRBCA): Departmental Technical Guidance (MoDNR 2006a). The corresponding MRBCA DTL values for chloroform are 76.6 {micro}g/kg in soils of all types and 80 {micro}g/L in groundwater. Because the observed contamination at Montgomery City might be linked to the past use of carbon tetrachloride-based fumigants at its former grain storage facility, the CCC/USDA will conduct investigations to (1) characterize the source(s), extent, and factors controlling the possible subsurface distribution and movement of carbon tetrachloride at the Montgomery City site and (2) evaluate the health and environmental threats potentially represented by the contamination. This work will be performed in accord with the Intergovernmental Agreement established between the Farm Service Agency of the USDA and the MoDNR, to address carbon tetrachloride contamination potentially associated with a number of former CCC/USDA grain storage facilities in Missouri. The investigations at Montgomery City will be conducted on behalf of the CCC/USDA by the Environmental Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne is a nonprofit, multidisciplinary research center operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The CCC/USDA has entered into an agreement with DOE, under which Argonne provides technical assistance to the CCC/USDA with environmental site characterization and remediation at its former grain storage facilities. The site characterization at Montgomery City will take place in phases. This approach is recommended by the CCC/USDA and Argonne, so that information obtained and interpretations developed during each incremental stage of the investigation can be used most effectively to guide subsequent phases of the program. This site-specific Work Plan outlines the specific technical objectives and scope of work proposed for Phase I of the Montgomery City investigation. This Work Plan also includes the community relations plan to be followed throughout the CCC/USDA program at the Montgomery City site. Argonne is developing a Master Work Plan specific to operations in the state of Missouri. In the meantime, Argonne has issued a Provisional Master Work Plan (PMWP; Argonne 2007) that has been reviewed and approved by the MoDNR for current use. The PMWP (Argonne 2007) provides detailed information and guidance on the investigative technologies, analytical methodologies, quality assurance-quality control measures, and general health and safety policies to be employed by Argonne for all investigations at former CCC/USDA grain storage facilities in Missouri. Both the PMWP and this site-specific Work Plan must therefore be consulted for a complete description of the planned Phase I work at the former CCC/USDA facility at Montgomery City.« less

7 CFR 1493.490 - Proof of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee Program... translation acceptable to CCC. Records acceptable to meet this requirement include an original certification...

7 CFR 1493.490 - Proof of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee Program... translation acceptable to CCC. Records acceptable to meet this requirement include an original certification...

7 CFR 1493.490 - Proof of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit Guarantee Program... translation acceptable to CCC. Records acceptable to meet this requirement include an original certification...

A Role for the Host DNA Damage Response in Hepatitis B Virus cccDNA Formation—and Beyond?

PubMed Central

Schreiner, Sabrina; Nassal, Michael

2017-01-01

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection puts more than 250 million people at a greatly increased risk to develop end-stage liver disease. Like all hepadnaviruses, HBV replicates via protein-primed reverse transcription of a pregenomic (pg) RNA, yielding an unusually structured, viral polymerase-linked relaxed-circular (RC) DNA as genome in infectious particles. Upon infection, RC-DNA is converted into nuclear covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA. Associating with cellular proteins into an episomal minichromosome, cccDNA acts as template for new viral RNAs, ensuring formation of progeny virions. Hence, cccDNA represents the viral persistence reservoir that is not directly targeted by current anti-HBV therapeutics. Eliminating cccDNA will thus be at the heart of a cure for chronic hepatitis B. The low production of HBV cccDNA in most experimental models and the associated problems in reliable cccDNA quantitation have long hampered a deeper understanding of cccDNA molecular biology. Recent advancements including cccDNA-dependent cell culture systems have begun to identify select host DNA repair enzymes that HBV usurps for RC-DNA to cccDNA conversion. While this list is bound to grow, it may represent just one facet of a broader interaction with the cellular DNA damage response (DDR), a network of pathways that sense and repair aberrant DNA structures and in the process profoundly affect the cell cycle, up to inducing cell death if repair fails. Given the divergent interactions between other viruses and the DDR it will be intriguing to see how HBV copes with this multipronged host system. PMID:28531167

Minority Use of a National Cancer Institute-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center and Non-specialty Hospitals in Two Florida Regions.

PubMed

Sultan, Dawood H; Gishe, Jemal; Hanciles, Angella; Comins, Meg M; Norris, Claire M

2015-09-01

To examine cancer treatment disparities at a National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center (NCI-CCC) and non-specialty hospitals. Florida hospital discharge datasets were used. ICD9-CM codes were used to define patients with female reproductive organ cancers (FROC), male reproductive organ cancers (MROC), and OTHER cancer diagnoses. A total of 7462 NCI-CCC patients and 21,875 non-specialty hospital patients were included in the statistical analysis. Data analysis was conducted in SAS 9.2. Increases in age reduced the odds of receiving treatment at the NCI-CCC. Male patients were more likely than female patients to be treated at the NCI-CCC. Age-adjusted odds of African American and Hispanic out/inpatients being treated at the NCI-CCC were significantly lower than those of White out/inpatients. Only patients with workers' compensation, charity, or other insurance had higher odds of being treated at the NCI-CCC. The odds of minority patients receiving outpatient treatment at the NCI-CCC declined after 2005. The odds of receiving inpatient treatment at the NCI-CCC significantly increased after 2006. More targeted outreach by the NCI-CCC is required. However, we expect the creation of local Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) to reduce the numbers of minority and older patients at the NCI-CCC. Coordinated quality care at ACOs implies a potential for retaining the patient market share held by non-specialty hospitals and a potential for increased demand for ACO care by minority and older patients.

Plasma Omentin-1 Level as a Predictor of Good Coronary Collateral Circulation.

PubMed

Zhou, Ji-Peng; Tong, Xiao-Yu; Zhu, Ling-Ping; Luo, Jing-Min; Luo, Ying; Bai, Yong-Ping; Li, Chuan-Chang; Zhang, Guo-Gang

2017-09-01

Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) is crucial during an acute ischemic attack. Evidences showed that omentin-1 exhibited remarkable antiatherogenic effects and ischemia-induced revascularization. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma omentin-1 levels and CCC in patients with ≥90% angiography-proven coronary occlusion. 142 patients with ≥90% luminal diameter stenosis in at least one major epicardial coronary artery were recruited. Among them, 79 patients with Rentrop 0-1 grade were classified into the poor CCC group and 63 patients with Rentrop 2-3 grade were included into the good CCC group. The association between plasma omentin-1 levels and CCC status was assessed. Plasma omentin-1 level was significantly higher in patients with good CCC than those with poor CCC (566.57±26.90 vs. 492.38±19.70 ng/mL, p=0.024). Besides, omentin-1 was positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein, and gensini score but inversely with hyperlipidemia and body mass index (all p values＜0.05). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that omentin-1 [odds ratio (OR)=1.002, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.000-1.004, p=0.041)], TC, the number of the diseased vessels, a higher frequency of left circumflex artery and right coronary artery, chronic total occlusion, and gensini score remained as the independent predictors of good CCC. Higher plasma omentin-1 level was associated with better CCC development. Our findings suggest that omentin-1 may be an alternative marker for adequate CCC in patients with ≥90% coronary occlusion.

Final Monitoring Plan for Site Closure at Inman, Kansas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, Lorraine M.

Inman, Kansas, is a rural town located in southwest McPherson County, in sections 8, 9, 16, and 17, Township 21 South, Range 4 West (Figure 1.1). There are 1,377 people in 513 households, as of the census of 2010. The Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA), operated a grain storage facility at the southern edge of the city of Inman, Kansas, from 1954 to 1965. During this time, commercial grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were in common use by the grain storage industry to preserve grain in their facilities. In 1997, trace to low levels ofmore » carbon tetrachloride (below the maximum contamination level [MCL] of 5.0 μg/L) were detected in three private wells near the former grain storage facility at Inman, as part of a statewide USDA private well sampling program that was implemented by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) near former CCC/USDA facilities. No public water supply wells were identified within 1 mi of the town by the KDHE in 1998. Carbon tetrachloride is the contaminant of primary concern at sites associated with grain storage operations. To determine whether the former CCC/USDA facility at Inman is a potential contaminant source and its possible relationship to the carbon tetrachloride contamination in groundwater, the CCC/USDA agreed to conduct a multi-phase investigation at Inman. The investigation was performed by the Environmental Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory in accordance with the Intergovernmental Agreement between the KDHE and the Farm Service Agency of the USDA.« less

Comparative study on Ti/Zr/V and chromate conversion treated aluminum alloys: Anti-corrosion performance and epoxy coating adhesion properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Wen; Li, Wenfang; Mu, Songlin; Fu, Nianqing; Liao, Zhongmiao

2017-05-01

In this study, a Ti/Zr/V conversion coating (TZVCC) was deposited on the surface of aluminum alloy 6063 (AA6063) as an alternative of the chromate conversion coating (CCC). Both the TZVCC treated AA6063 (TZVCC/AA6063) and CCC treated AA6063 (CCC/AA6063) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscope (AFM) and contact angle measuring device. The anti-corrosion performance of the TZVCC/AA6063 and CCC/AA6063 was evaluated by electrochemical measurements and neutral salt spray tests. It showed that both the surface roughness and surface free energy of the AA6063 were significantly increased after TZVCC treatment. The anti-corrosion performance of TZVCC/AA6063 was superior to that of CCC/AA6063. In addition, the effects of the TZVCC and CCC on the adhesion properties and anti-corrosion performance of epoxy coating applied on samples were examined by pull-off tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The dry, wet and recovery adhesive strengths of the epoxy coating on TZVCC treated samples (epoxy coated TZVCC/AA6063) were very close to those of epoxy coating on CCC treated ones (epoxy coated CCC/AA6063). The epoxy coated TZVCC/AA6063 showed better corrosion resistance than the epoxy coated CCC/AA6063 and epoxy coated AA6063.

7 CFR 1493.490 - Proof of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit... translation acceptable to CCC. Records acceptable to meet this requirement include an original certification...

7 CFR 1493.490 - Proof of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS CCC Supplier Credit... translation acceptable to CCC. Records acceptable to meet this requirement include an original certification...

7 CFR 1404.6 - Payment to the assignee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... assignee. (a) The assignee shall be paid the smaller of the amount specified on Form CCC-36 or CCC-251 or... indebtedness owed by the assignor to CCC, FSA, or any other agency of the United States shall be subject to offset. (b) Any indebtedness owed by the assignor to CCC or FSA shall be offset from any payment which is...

7 CFR 1404.6 - Payment to the assignee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... assignee. (a) The assignee shall be paid the smaller of the amount specified on Form CCC-36 or CCC-251 or... indebtedness owed by the assignor to CCC, FSA, or any other agency of the United States shall be subject to offset. (b) Any indebtedness owed by the assignor to CCC or FSA shall be offset from any payment which is...

7 CFR 1404.6 - Payment to the assignee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... assignee. (a) The assignee shall be paid the smaller of the amount specified on Form CCC-36 or CCC-251 or... indebtedness owed by the assignor to CCC, FSA, or any other agency of the United States shall be subject to offset. (b) Any indebtedness owed by the assignor to CCC or FSA shall be offset from any payment which is...

7 CFR 1404.6 - Payment to the assignee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... assignee. (a) The assignee shall be paid the smaller of the amount specified on Form CCC-36 or CCC-251 or... indebtedness owed by the assignor to CCC, FSA, or any other agency of the United States shall be subject to offset. (b) Any indebtedness owed by the assignor to CCC or FSA shall be offset from any payment which is...

7 CFR 1404.6 - Payment to the assignee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... assignee. (a) The assignee shall be paid the smaller of the amount specified on Form CCC-36 or CCC-251 or... indebtedness owed by the assignor to CCC, FSA, or any other agency of the United States shall be subject to offset. (b) Any indebtedness owed by the assignor to CCC or FSA shall be offset from any payment which is...

Assessment of training needs and preferences for geographic information systems (GIS) mapping in state comprehensive cancer-control programs.

PubMed

Hopfer, Suellen; Chadwick, Amy E; Parrott, Roxanne L; Ghetian, Christie B; Lengerich, Eugene J

2009-10-01

Geographic information systems (GIS) mapping technologies have potential to advance public health promotion by mapping regional differences in attributes (e.g., disease burden, environmental exposures, access to health care services) to suggest priorities for public health interventions. Training in GIS for comprehensive cancer control (CCC) has been overlooked. State CCC programs' GIS training needs were assessed by interviewing 49 state CCC directors. A majority perceived a need for GIS training, slightly more than half of state CCC programs had access to geocoded data, and the majority of programs did not require continuing education credits of their staff. CCC directors perceived judging maps and realizing their limitations as important skills and identified epidemiologists, CCC staff, public health officials, policy makers, and cancer coalition members as training audiences. They preferred in-class training sessions that last a few hours to a day. Lessons learned are shared to develop training programs with translatable GIS skills for CCC.

The formation of RCCCO and CCC(O)R (R = Me, Ph) neutral radicals from ionic precursors in the gas phase: the rearrangement of CCC(O)Ph.

PubMed

Peppe, Salvatore; McAnoy, Andrew M; Dua, Suresh; Bowie, John H

2004-01-01

Neutrals MeCCCO, CCC(O)Me, PhCCCO and CCC(O)Ph have been made by neutralisation of [MeCCCO](+), [CCC(O)Me](-), [PhCCCO](+) and [CC(CO)Ph](-). Neutrals MeCCCO, CCC(O)Me and PhCCCO are stable for the microsecond duration of the neutralisation experiment. A joint experimental and theoretical study (energies calculated at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ//B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory) suggests that the neutral radical CCC(O)Ph rearranges via a four-centred ipso radical cyclisation/ring opening to form the isomer PhCCCO in an exothermic reaction. (13)C labelling confirms that the rearrangement does not involve O migration. Some of the PhCCCO radicals formed in this reaction are sufficiently energised to effect decomposition to give PhCC and CO. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Cover-Copy-Compare and Spelling: One versus Three Repetitions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Erion, Joel; Davenport, Cindy; Rodax, Nicole; Scholl, Bethany; Hardy, Jennifer

2009-01-01

Cover, copy, compare (CCC) has been used with success to improve spelling skills. This study adds to existing research by completing an analysis of the rewriting component of the intervention. The impact of varying the number of times a subject copied a word following an error was examined with four elementary age students. An adaptive alternating…

7 CFR 1486.405 - How are Recipients reimbursed for project expenditures?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... containing the information required by the agreement is submitted to and approved by FAS. (b) A format for reimbursement claims is available from the Marketing Operations Staff, FAS, USDA. (c) Final reimbursement claims... complete final performance report acceptable to FAS. (d) Any duplicate payment or overpayment made by CCC...

7 CFR 1486.405 - How are Recipients reimbursed for project expenditures?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... containing the information required by the agreement is submitted to and approved by FAS. (b) A format for reimbursement claims is available from the Marketing Operations Staff, FAS, USDA. (c) Final reimbursement claims... complete final performance report acceptable to FAS. (d) Any duplicate payment or overpayment made by CCC...

7 CFR 1486.405 - How are Recipients reimbursed for project expenditures?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... containing the information required by the agreement is submitted to and approved by FAS. (b) A format for reimbursement claims is available from the Marketing Operations Staff, FAS, USDA. (c) Final reimbursement claims... complete final performance report acceptable to FAS. (d) Any duplicate payment or overpayment made by CCC...

7 CFR 1430.2 - Price support levels and purchase conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Program for Milk § 1430.2 Price support levels and purchase conditions. (a)(1) The level of price support provided to farmers marketing milk containing 3.67 percent milkfat from dairy cows is $9.90 per... for milk will be made available through CCC purchases of butter, nonfat dry milk, and Cheddar cheese...

The effects of crystallization and residual glass on the chemical durability of iron phosphate waste forms containing 40 wt% of a high MoO3 Collins-CLT waste

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hsu, Jen-Hsien; Bai, Jincheng; Kim, Cheol-Woon; Brow, Richard K.; Szabo, Joe; Zervos, Adam

2018-03-01

The effects of cooling rate on the chemical durability of iron phosphate waste forms containing up to 40 wt% of a high MoO3 Collins-CLT waste simulant were determined at 90 °C using the product consistency test (PCT). The waste form, designated 40wt%-5, meets appropriate Department of Energy (DOE) standards when rapidly quenched from the melt (as-cast) and after slow cooling following the CCC (canister centerline cooling)-protocol, although the quenched glass is more durable. The analysis of samples from the vapor hydration test (VHT) and the aqueous corrosion test (differential recession test) reveals that rare earth orthophosphate (monazite) and Zr-pyrophosphate crystals that form on cooling are more durable than the residual glass in the 40wt%-5 waste form. The residual glass in the CCC-treated samples has a greater average phosphate chain length and a lower Fe/P ratio, and those contribute to its faster corrosion kinetics.

Catalytic analysis of APOBEC3G involving real-time NMR spectroscopy reveals nucleic acid determinants for deamination.

PubMed

Kamba, Keisuke; Nagata, Takashi; Katahira, Masato

2015-01-01

APOBEC3G (A3G) is a single-stranded DNA-specific cytidine deaminase that preferentially converts cytidine to uridine at the third position of triplet cytosine (CCC) hotspots. A3G restricts the infectivity of viruses, such as HIV-1, by targeting CCC hotspots scattered through minus DNA strands, reverse-transcribed from genomic RNA. Previously, we developed a real-time NMR method and elucidated the origin of the 3'→5' polarity of deamination of DNA by the C-terminal domain of A3G (CD2), which is a phenomenon by which a hotspot located closer to the 5'-end is deaminated more effectively than one less close to the 5'-end, through quantitative analysis involving nonspecific binding to and sliding along DNA. In the present study we applied the real-time NMR method to analyze the catalytic activity of CD2 toward DNA oligonucleotides containing a nucleotide analog at a single or multiple positions. Analyses revealed the importance of the sugar and base moieties throughout the consecutive 5 nucleotides, the CCC hotspot being positioned at the center. It was also shown that the sugar or base moieties of the nucleotides outside this 5 nucleotide recognition sequence are also relevant as to CD2's activity. Analyses involving DNA oligonucleotides having two CCC hotspots linked by a long sequence of either deoxyribonucleotides, ribonucleotides or abasic deoxyribonucleotides suggested that the phosphate backbone is required for CD2 to slide along the DNA strand and to exert the 3'→5' polarity. Examination of the effects of different salt concentrations on the 3'→5' polarity indicated that the higher the salt concentration, the less prominent the 3'→5' polarity. This is most likely the result of alleviation of sliding due to a decrease in the affinity of CD2 with the phosphate backbone at high salt concentrations. We also investigated the reactivity of substrates containing 5-methylcytidine (5mC) or 5-hydroxymethylcytidine, and found that A3G exhibited low activity toward 5mC.

Influence of Ogg1 repair on the genetic stability of ccc2 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chemically challenged with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO).

PubMed

da Silva, Claudia R; Almeida, Gabriella S; Caldeira-de-Araújo, Adriano; Leitão, Alvaro C; de Pádula, Marcelo

2016-01-01

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, disruption of genes by deletion allowed elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of a series of human diseases, such as in Wilson disease (WD). WD is a disorder of copper metabolism, due to inherited mutations in human copper-transporting ATPase (ATP7B). An orthologous gene is present in S. cerevisiae, CCC2 gene. Copper is required as a cofactor for a number of enzymes. In excess, however, it is toxic, potentially carcinogenic, leading to many pathological conditions via oxidatively generated DNA damage. Deficiency in ATP7B (human) or Ccc2 (yeast) causes accumulation of intracellular copper, favouring the generation of reactive oxygen species. Thus, it becomes important to study the relative importance of proteins involved in the repair of these lesions, such as Ogg1. Herein, we addressed the influence Ogg1 repair in a ccc2 deficient strain of S. cerevisiae. We constructed ccc2-disrupted strains from S. cerevisiae (ogg1ccc2 and ccc2), which were analysed in terms of viability and spontaneous mutator phenotype. We also investigated the impact of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) on nuclear DNA damage and on the stability of mitochondrial DNA. The results indicated a synergistic effect on spontaneous mutagenesis upon OGG1 and CCC2 double inactivation, placing 8-oxoguanine as a strong lesion-candidate at the origin of spontaneous mutations. The ccc2 mutant was more sensitive to cell killing and to mutagenesis upon 4-NQO challenge than the other studied strains. However, Ogg1 repair of exogenous-induced DNA damage revealed to be toxic and mutagenic to ccc2 deficient cells, which can be due to a detrimental action of Ogg1 on DNA lesions induced in ccc2 cells. Altogether, our results point to a critical and ambivalent role of BER mediated by Ogg1 in the maintenance of genomic stability in eukaryotes deficient in CCC2 gene. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the UK Environmental Mutagen Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

SIRT3 restricts HBV transcription and replication via epigenetic regulation of cccDNA involving SUV39H1 and SETD1A histone methyltransferases.

PubMed

Ren, Ji-Hua; Hu, Jie-Li; Cheng, Sheng-Tao; Yu, Hai-Bo; Wong, Vincent Kam Wai; Law, Betty Yuen Kwan; Yang, Yong-Feng; Huang, Ying; Liu, Yi; Chen, Wei-Xian; Cai, Xue-Fei; Tang, Hua; Hu, Yuan; Zhang, Wen-Lu; Liu, Xiang; Long, Quan-Xin; Zhou, Li; Tao, Na-Na; Zhou, Hong-Zhong; Yang, Qiu-Xia; Ren, Fang; He, Lin; Gong, Rui; Huang, Ai-Long; Chen, Juan

2018-04-06

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major health problem worldwide. Maintenance of the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) which serves as a template for HBV RNA transcription is responsible for the failure of eradicating chronic HBV during current antiviral therapy. cccDNA is assembled with cellular histone proteins into chromatin, but little is known about the regulation of HBV chromatin by histone posttranslational modifications. In this study, we identified SIRT3 as a host factor restricting HBV transcription and replication by screening seven members of Sirtuin family which is the class III histone deacetylase. Ectopic SIRT3 expression significantly reduced total HBV RNAs, 3.5-kb RNA as well as replicative intermediate DNA in HBV-infected HepG2-NTCP cells and PHH. In contrast, gene silencing of SIRT3 promoted HBV transcription and replication. Mechanistic study found nuclear SIRT3 was recruited to the HBV cccDNA, where it deacetylated histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9). Importantly, occupancy of SIRT3 onto cccDNA could increase the recruitment of histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 to cccDNA and decrease recruitment of SETD1A, leading to a marked increase of H3K9me3 and a decrease of H3K4me3 on cccDNA. Moreover, SIRT3-mediated HBV cccDNA transcriptional repression involved decreased binding of host RNA polymerase II and transcription factor YY1 to cccDNA. Finally, viral protein HBx could relieve SIRT3-mediated cccDNA transcriptional repression by inhibiting both SIRT3 expression and its recruitment to cccDNA. SIRT3 is a novel host factor epigenetically restricting HBV cccDNA transcription by acting cooperatively with histone methyltransferase. These data provided a rational for the use of SIRT3 activators in the prevention or treatment of HBV infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. © 2018 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

Adolescents and Young Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Impact of Care at Specialized Cancer Centers on Survival Outcome

PubMed Central

Wolfson, Julie; Sun, Can-Lan; Wyatt, Laura; Stock, Wendy; Bhatia, Smita

2017-01-01

Background Adolescents and young adults (AYA: 15-39y) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experience inferior survival when compared to children. Impact of care at NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCC; or Children's Oncology Group sites [COG]) on survival disparities remains unstudied. Methods Using the Los Angeles Cancer registry, we identified 1,870 ALL or AML patients between 1 and 39y at diagnosis. Cox regression analyses assessed risk of mortality; younger age+CCC/COG served as the referent group. Logistic regression was used to determine odds of care at CCC/COG, adjusting for variables above. Results ALL outcome: AYAs at non-CCC/COG experienced inferior survival (15-21y: HR=1.9, p=0.005; 22-29y: HR=2.6, p<0.001; 30-39y: HR=3.0, p<0.001). Outcome at CCC/COG was comparable between children and young AYAs (15-21y: HR=1.3, p=0.3; 22-29y: HR=1.2, p=0.2) but was inferior for 30-39yo (HR=3.4, p<0.001). AML outcome: AYAs at non-CCC/COG experienced inferior outcome (15-21y: HR=1.8, p=0.02; 22-39y: HR=1.4, p=0.06). Outcome at CCC/COG was comparable between children and 15-21yo (HR=1.3, p=0.4) but was inferior for 22-39yo (HR=1.7, p=0.05). Access: 15-21yo were less likely to use CCC/COG than children (p<0.001). In 22-39yo, public/uninsured (ALL: p=0.004; AML<0.001), African-American/Hispanics (ALL: p=0.03), and 30-39yo (ALL: p=0.03) were less likely to use CCC/COG. Conclusions Poor survival in AYAs with ALL and AML is mitigated by care at CCC/COG. Barriers to CCC/COG care include public/uninsured, and African-American/Hispanic race/ethnicity. Impact Care at CCC/COG explains, in part, inferior outcomes in AYAs with ALL and AML. Key sociodemographic factors serve as barriers to care at specialized centers. PMID:28209594

Quantifying the condition of eruption column collapse during explosive volcanic eruptions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koyaguchi, Takehiro; Suzuki, Yujiro

2016-04-01

During an explosive eruption, a mixture of pyroclasts and volcanic gas forms a buoyant eruption column or a pyroclastic flow. Generation of a pyroclastic flow caused by eruption column collapse is one of the most hazardous phenomena during explosive volcanic eruptions. The quantification of column collapse condition (CCC) is, therefore, highly desired for volcanic hazard assessment. Previously the CCC was roughly predicted by a simple relationship between magma discharge rate and water content (e.g., Carazzo et al., 2008). When a crater is present above the conduit, because of decompression/compression process inside/above the crater, the CCC based on this relationship can be strongly modified (Woods and Bower, 1995; Koyaguchi et al., 2010); however, the effects of the crater on CCC has not been fully understood in a quantitative fashion. Here, we have derived a semi-analytical expression of CCC, in which the effects of the crater is taken into account. The CCC depends on magma properties, crater shape (radius, depth and opening angle) as well as the flow rate at the base of crater. Our semi-analytical CCC expresses all these dependencies by a single surface in a parameter space of the dimensionless magma discharge rate, the dimensionless magma flow rate (per unit area) and the ratio of the cross-sectional areas at the top and the base of crater. We have performed a systematic parameter study of three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations of eruption column dynamics to confirm the semi-analytical CCC. The results of the 3D simulations are consistent with the semi-analytical CCC, while they show some additional fluid dynamical features in the transitional state (e.g., partial column collapse). Because the CCC depends on such many parameters, the scenario towards the generation of pyroclastic flow during explosive eruptions is considered to be diverse. Nevertheless, our semi-analytical CCC together with the existing semi-analytical solution for the 1D conduit flow model (Koyaguchi, 2005) allows us to intuitively and quantitatively understand how the eruption column dynamics approaches to the CCC as the crater radius increases during the waxing stage of an eruption, or as the magma chamber pressure decreases during the waning stage.

Integrated Copy Number and Expression Analysis Identifies Profiles of Whole-Arm Chromosomal Alterations and Subgroups with Favorable Outcome in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinomas

PubMed Central

Uehara, Yuriko; Oda, Katsutoshi; Ikeda, Yuji; Koso, Takahiro; Tsuji, Shingo; Yamamoto, Shogo; Asada, Kayo; Sone, Kenbun; Kurikawa, Reiko; Makii, Chinami; Hagiwara, Otoe; Tanikawa, Michihiro; Maeda, Daichi; Hasegawa, Kosei; Nakagawa, Shunsuke; Wada-Hiraike, Osamu; Kawana, Kei; Fukayama, Masashi; Fujiwara, Keiichi; Yano, Tetsu; Osuga, Yutaka; Fujii, Tomoyuki; Aburatani, Hiroyuki

2015-01-01

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) is generally associated with chemoresistance and poor clinical outcome, even with early diagnosis; whereas high-grade serous carcinomas (SCs) and endometrioid carcinomas (ECs) are commonly chemosensitive at advanced stages. Although an integrated genomic analysis of SC has been performed, conclusive views on copy number and expression profiles for CCC are still limited. In this study, we performed single nucleotide polymorphism analysis with 57 epithelial ovarian cancers (31 CCCs, 14 SCs, and 12 ECs) and microarray expression analysis with 55 cancers (25 CCCs, 16 SCs, and 14 ECs). We then evaluated PIK3CA mutations and ARID1A expression in CCCs. SNP array analysis classified 13% of CCCs into a cluster with high frequency and focal range of copy number alterations (CNAs), significantly lower than for SCs (93%, P < 0.01) and ECs (50%, P = 0.017). The ratio of whole-arm to all CNAs was higher in CCCs (46.9%) than SCs (21.7%; P < 0.0001). SCs with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of BRCA1 (85%) also had LOH of NF1 and TP53, and LOH of BRCA2 (62%) coexisted with LOH of RB1 and TP53. Microarray analysis classified CCCs into three clusters. One cluster (CCC-2, n = 10) showed more favorable prognosis than the CCC-1 and CCC-3 clusters (P = 0.041). Coexistent alterations of PIK3CA and ARID1A were more common in CCC-1 and CCC-3 (7/11, 64%) than in CCC-2 (0/10, 0%; P < 0.01). Being in cluster CCC-2 was an independent favorable prognostic factor in CCC. In conclusion, CCC was characterized by a high ratio of whole-arm CNAs; whereas CNAs in SC were mainly focal, but preferentially caused LOH of well-known tumor suppressor genes. As such, expression profiles might be useful for sub-classification of CCC, and might provide useful information on prognosis. PMID:26043110

Does Tyrosyl DNA Phosphodiesterase-2 Play a Role in Hepatitis B Virus Genome Repair?

PubMed Central

Boregowda, Rajeev; Sohn, Ji A.; Ledesma, Felipe Cortes; Caldecott, Keith W.; Seeger, Christoph; Hu, Jianming

2015-01-01

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and persistence are sustained by a nuclear episome, the covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA, which serves as the transcriptional template for all viral RNAs. CCC DNA is converted from a relaxed circular (RC) DNA in the virion early during infection as well as from RC DNA in intracellular progeny nucleocapsids via an intracellular amplification pathway. Current antiviral therapies suppress viral replication but cannot eliminate CCC DNA. Thus, persistence of CCC DNA remains an obstacle toward curing chronic HBV infection. Unfortunately, very little is known about how CCC DNA is formed. CCC DNA formation requires removal of the virally encoded reverse transcriptase (RT) protein from the 5’ end of the minus strand of RC DNA. Tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase-2 (Tdp2) was recently identified as the enzyme responsible for cleavage of tyrosyl-5’ DNA linkages formed between topoisomerase II and cellular DNA. Because the RT-DNA linkage is also a 5’ DNA-phosphotyrosyl bond, it has been hypothesized that Tdp2 might be one of several elusive host factors required for CCC DNA formation. Therefore, we examined the role of Tdp2 in RC DNA deproteination and CCC DNA formation. We demonstrated Tdp2 can cleave the tyrosyl-minus strand DNA linkage using authentic HBV RC DNA isolated from nucleocapsids and using RT covalently linked to short minus strand DNA produced in vitro. On the other hand, our results showed that Tdp2 gene knockout did not block CCC DNA formation during HBV infection of permissive human hepatoma cells and did not prevent intracellular amplification of duck hepatitis B virus CCC DNA. These results indicate that although Tdp2 can remove the RT covalently linked to the 5’ end of the HBV minus strand DNA in vitro, this protein might not be required for CCC DNA formation in vivo. PMID:26079492

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thiyagarajan, Rajesh; Vikraman, S; Karrthick, KP

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of dose calculation algorithm on the dose distribution of biologically optimized Volumatric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) plans for Esophgeal cancer. Methods: Eighteen retrospectively treated patients with carcinoma esophagus were studied. VMAT plans were optimized using biological objectives in Monaco (5.0) TPS for 6MV photon beam (Elekta Infinity). These plans were calculated for final dose using Monte Carlo (MC), Collapsed Cone Convolution (CCC) & Pencil Beam Convolution (PBC) algorithms from Monaco and Oncentra Masterplan TPS. A dose grid of 2mm was used for all algorithms and 1% per plan uncertainty maintained for MC calculation. MC basedmore » calculations were considered as the reference for CCC & PBC. Dose volume histogram (DVH) indices (D95, D98, D50 etc) of Target (PTV) and critical structures were compared to study the impact of all three algorithms. Results: Beam models were consistent with measured data. The mean difference observed in reference with MC calculation for D98, D95, D50 & D2 of PTV were 0.37%, −0.21%, 1.51% & 1.18% respectively for CCC and 3.28%, 2.75%, 3.61% & 3.08% for PBC. Heart D25 mean difference was 4.94% & 11.21% for CCC and PBC respectively. Lung Dmean mean difference was 1.5% (CCC) and 4.1% (PBC). Spinal cord D2 mean difference was 2.35% (CCC) and 3.98% (PBC). Similar differences were observed for liver and kidneys. The overall mean difference found for target and critical structures was 0.71±1.52%, 2.71±3.10% for CCC and 3.18±1.55%, 6.61±5.1% for PBC respectively. Conclusion: We observed a significant overestimate of dose distribution by CCC and PBC as compared to MC. The dose prediction of CCC is closer (<3%) to MC than that of PBC. This can be attributed to poor performance of CCC and PBC in inhomogeneous regions around esophagus. CCC can be considered as an alternate in the absence of MC algorithm.« less

7 CFR 1421.401 - DMA responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) Transmit documents to render forfeited collateral to CCC; and (9) Collect data for reporting to CCC as... of the warehouse receipts, unless otherwise directed by CCC. (3) Attend, at the DMAs expense, DMA...

7 CFR 1421.401 - DMA responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) Transmit documents to render forfeited collateral to CCC; and (9) Collect data for reporting to CCC as... of the warehouse receipts, unless otherwise directed by CCC. (3) Attend, at the DMAs expense, DMA...

Association of conjunctival and corneal calcification with vascular calcification among hepatitis-C-seropositive hemodialysis patients.

PubMed

AbouSeif, Khaled; Sany, Dawlat; Elshahawy, Yasser; Seddik, Ayman; Rahman, Khedr; Gaber, Moustapha

2016-01-01

Disorders associated with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been reported including cardiovascular, metabolic, and central nervous system diseases. Since chronic HCV infections may be curable, their identification as causal contributors to cardiovascular risk could offer new perspectives in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between HCV and aortic arch calcification (AAC) and corneal and conjunctival calcification (CCC) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients; further, we assessed the correlation of CCC with vascular calcification. A total of 100 patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) in our hospital were included in this study. Patients underwent a complete ocular examination including intraocular pressure, and CCC was looked for by slit lamp and fundoscopy. CCC was graded according to modified Porter and Crombie classification system described by Tokuyama et al. Helical computerized tomographic chest examination was used to evaluate the grading of AAC. Demographic, hematological, biochemical, and dialysis-related data were obtained. There was significant difference between seropositive (n = 51) and seronegative patients (n = 49) regarding grading of AAC and CCC (P <0.001). Significant positive correlation was found between grading of CCC, AAC, age (P <0.001), duration on HD (P <0.001), HCV-antibody positivity (P <0.001), serum calcium level (P <0.001), serum phosphorus level (P <0.001), calcium × phosphorus product (P <0.001), and i-parathormone level (P < 0.001). In addition, CCC grading positively correlated with AAC. Our results suggest that patients undergoing HD infected with the HCV have high degree of CCC, AAC, and mineral metabolism disorder. The strong correlation between CCC and AAC indicates that CCC evaluation is an easy, fast, non-invasive method, and might be used as an indirect indicator to detect vascular calcification in patients undergoing MHD.

Plasma Omentin-1 Level as a Predictor of Good Coronary Collateral Circulation

PubMed Central

Zhou, Ji-Peng; Tong, Xiao-Yu; Zhu, Ling-Ping; Luo, Jing-Min; Luo, Ying; Bai, Yong-Ping

2017-01-01

Aims: Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) is crucial during an acute ischemic attack. Evidences showed that omentin-1 exhibited remarkable antiatherogenic effects and ischemia-induced revascularization. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma omentin-1 levels and CCC in patients with ≥ 90% angiography-proven coronary occlusion. Methods: 142 patients with ≥ 90% luminal diameter stenosis in at least one major epicardial coronary artery were recruited. Among them, 79 patients with Rentrop 0–1 grade were classified into the poor CCC group and 63 patients with Rentrop 2–3 grade were included into the good CCC group. The association between plasma omentin-1 levels and CCC status was assessed. Results: Plasma omentin-1 level was significantly higher in patients with good CCC than those with poor CCC (566.57 ± 26.90 vs. 492.38 ± 19.70 ng/mL, p = 0.024). Besides, omentin-1 was positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein, and gensini score but inversely with hyperlipidemia and body mass index (all p values < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that omentin-1 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.002, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.000 – 1.004, p = 0.041)], TC, the number of the diseased vessels, a higher frequency of left circumflex artery and right coronary artery, chronic total occlusion, and gensini score remained as the independent predictors of good CCC. Conclusion: Higher plasma omentin-1 level was associated with better CCC development. Our findings suggest that omentin-1 may be an alternative marker for adequate CCC in patients with ≥ 90% coronary occlusion. PMID:28123148

Prognostic value of coronary collaterals in patients with acute coronary syndromes.

PubMed

Kurtul, Alparslan; Ozturk, Selcuk

2017-08-01

The presence of good coronary collateral circulation (CCC) can protect and preserve myocardium from ischemia, increase myocardial contractility, and reduce adverse clinical events. However, its impact on mortality is still a topic of debate, particularly in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of CCC with cardiac risk factors and in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of ACS. The study population included 2286 patients with ACS who underwent coronary angiography and were found to have at least 90% significant lesion in at least one major coronary artery. The CCC was graded according to the Rentrop classification. The patients were classified into a poor CCC group (Rentrop grades 0-1, n=1859) or a good CCC group (Rentrop grades 2-3, n=427). Patients with good CCC had more high-risk patient characteristics such as older age, higher rate of Killip class of at least 2 at admission, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, and impaired renal functions compared with the patients with poor CCC. In multivariate analysis, the presence of good CCC [odds ratio (OR): 2.000; 95% confidence interval: 1.116-3.585; P=0.020], left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40% (OR: 2.381; P=0.003), Killip class of at least 2 at admission (OR: 3.609; P<0.001), age of at least 65 years (OR: 2.975; P=0.003), and hemoglobin (OR: 0.797; P=0.003) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. In contrast to previous studies, our study did not confirm a beneficial role of good CCC in patients with ACS; the presence of good CCC was even independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality in the multivariate analysis.

7 CFR 1488.17 - Assignment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Miscellaneous... under the financing agreement, in whole or in part, without written approval of the Vice President, CCC, or the Controller, CCC. ...

7 CFR 1488.17 - Assignment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Miscellaneous... under the financing agreement, in whole or in part, without written approval of the Vice President, CCC, or the Controller, CCC. ...

7 CFR 1488.17 - Assignment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Miscellaneous... under the financing agreement, in whole or in part, without written approval of the Vice President, CCC, or the Controller, CCC. ...

Cell–cell adhesion in metazoans relies on evolutionarily conserved features of the α-catenin·β-catenin–binding interface

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shao, Xiangqiang; Kang, Hyunook; Loveless, Timothy

Stable tissue integrity during embryonic development relies on the function of the cadherin·catenin complex (CCC). The Caenorhabditis elegans CCC is a useful paradigm for analyzing in vivo requirements for specific interactions among the core components of the CCC, and it provides a unique opportunity to examine evolutionarily conserved mechanisms that govern the interaction between α- and β-catenin. HMP-1, unlike its mammalian homolog α-catenin, is constitutively monomeric, and its binding affinity for HMP-2/β-catenin is higher than that of α-catenin for β-catenin. A crystal structure shows that the HMP-1·HMP-2 complex forms a five-helical bundle structure distinct from the structure of the mammalianmore » α-catenin·β-catenin complex. Deletion analysis based on the crystal structure shows that the first helix of HMP-1 is necessary for binding HMP-2 avidly in vitro and for efficient recruitment of HMP-1 to adherens junctions in embryos. HMP-2 Ser-47 and Tyr-69 flank its binding interface with HMP-1, and we show that phosphomimetic mutations at these two sites decrease binding affinity of HMP-1 to HMP-2 by 40–100-fold in vitro. In vivo experiments using HMP-2 S47E and Y69E mutants showed that they are unable to rescue hmp-2(zu364) mutants, suggesting that phosphorylation of HMP-2 on Ser-47 and Tyr-69 could be important for regulating CCC formation in C. elegans. Our data provide novel insights into how cadherin-dependent cell–cell adhesion is modulated in metazoans by conserved elements as well as features unique to specific organisms.« less

Cell–cell adhesion in metazoans relies on evolutionarily conserved features of the α-catenin·β-catenin–binding interface

DOE PAGES

Shao, Xiangqiang; Kang, Hyunook; Loveless, Timothy; ...

2017-08-25

Stable tissue integrity during embryonic development relies on the function of the cadherin·catenin complex (CCC). The Caenorhabditis elegans CCC is a useful paradigm for analyzing in vivo requirements for specific interactions among the core components of the CCC, and it provides a unique opportunity to examine evolutionarily conserved mechanisms that govern the interaction between α- and β-catenin. HMP-1, unlike its mammalian homolog α-catenin, is constitutively monomeric, and its binding affinity for HMP-2/β-catenin is higher than that of α-catenin for β-catenin. A crystal structure shows that the HMP-1·HMP-2 complex forms a five-helical bundle structure distinct from the structure of the mammalianmore » α-catenin·β-catenin complex. Deletion analysis based on the crystal structure shows that the first helix of HMP-1 is necessary for binding HMP-2 avidly in vitro and for efficient recruitment of HMP-1 to adherens junctions in embryos. HMP-2 Ser-47 and Tyr-69 flank its binding interface with HMP-1, and we show that phosphomimetic mutations at these two sites decrease binding affinity of HMP-1 to HMP-2 by 40–100-fold in vitro. In vivo experiments using HMP-2 S47E and Y69E mutants showed that they are unable to rescue hmp-2(zu364) mutants, suggesting that phosphorylation of HMP-2 on Ser-47 and Tyr-69 could be important for regulating CCC formation in C. elegans. Our data provide novel insights into how cadherin-dependent cell–cell adhesion is modulated in metazoans by conserved elements as well as features unique to specific organisms.« less

A custom correlation coefficient (CCC) approach for fast identification of multi-SNP association patterns in genome-wide SNPs data.

PubMed

Climer, Sharlee; Yang, Wei; de las Fuentes, Lisa; Dávila-Román, Victor G; Gu, C Charles

2014-11-01

Complex diseases are often associated with sets of multiple interacting genetic factors and possibly with unique sets of the genetic factors in different groups of individuals (genetic heterogeneity). We introduce a novel concept of custom correlation coefficient (CCC) between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that address genetic heterogeneity by measuring subset correlations autonomously. It is used to develop a 3-step process to identify candidate multi-SNP patterns: (1) pairwise (SNP-SNP) correlations are computed using CCC; (2) clusters of so-correlated SNPs identified; and (3) frequencies of these clusters in disease cases and controls compared to identify disease-associated multi-SNP patterns. This method identified 42 candidate multi-SNP associations with hypertensive heart disease (HHD), among which one cluster of 22 SNPs (six genes) included 13 in SLC8A1 (aka NCX1, an essential component of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling) and another of 32 SNPs had 29 from a different segment of SLC8A1. While allele frequencies show little difference between cases and controls, the cluster of 22 associated alleles were found in 20% of controls but no cases and the other in 3% of controls but 20% of cases. These suggest that both protective and risk effects on HHD could be exerted by combinations of variants in different regions of SLC8A1, modified by variants from other genes. The results demonstrate that this new correlation metric identifies disease-associated multi-SNP patterns overlooked by commonly used correlation measures. Furthermore, computation time using CCC is a small fraction of that required by other methods, thereby enabling the analyses of large GWAS datasets. © 2014 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.

A custom correlation coefficient (CCC) approach for fast identification of multi-SNP association patterns in genome-wide SNPs data

PubMed Central

Climer, Sharlee; Yang, Wei; de las Fuentes, Lisa; Dávila-Román, Victor G.; Gu, C. Charles

2014-01-01

Complex diseases are often associated with sets of multiple interacting genetic factors and possibly with unique sets of the genetic factors in different groups of individuals (genetic heterogeneity). We introduce a novel concept of Custom Correlation Coefficient (CCC) between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that address genetic heterogeneity by measuring subset correlations autonomously. It is used to develop a 3-step process to identify candidate multi-SNP patterns: (1) pairwise (SNP-SNP) correlations are computed using CCC; (2) clusters of so-correlated SNPs identified; and (3) frequencies of these clusters in disease cases and controls compared to identify disease-associated multi-SNP patterns. This method identified 42 candidate multi-SNP associations with hypertensive heart disease (HHD), among which one cluster of 22 SNPs (6 genes) included 13 in SLC8A1 (aka NCX1, an essential component of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling) and another of 32 SNPs had 29 from a different segment of SLC8A1. While allele frequencies show little difference between cases and controls, the cluster of 22 associated alleles were found in 20% of controls but no cases and the other in 3% of controls but 20% of cases. These suggest that both protective and risk effects on HHD could be exerted by combinations of variants in different regions of SLC8A1, modified by variants from other genes. The results demonstrate that this new correlation metric identifies disease-associated multi-SNP patterns overlooked by commonly used correlation measures. Furthermore, computation time using CCC is a small fraction of that required by other methods, thereby enabling the analyses of large GWAS datasets. PMID:25168954

The Effects of Cover, Copy, and Compare, Performance Feedback and Rewards on the Mathematical Calculation Skills of Students Identified with Math Difficulty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Benson, Geetal

2013-01-01

This study examined the isolated effects of Cover, Copy and Compare (CCC) and the effects of CCC paired with performance feedback (CCC + PF) and rewards (CCC + RW) on the mathematical calculation skills of first grade students identified with math difficulty. Four research questions were addressed in this study. 1. Does Cover, Copy, and Compare…

Targeted mutation analysis of endometrial clear cell carcinoma.

PubMed

Hoang, Lien N; McConechy, Melissa K; Meng, Bo; McIntyre, John B; Ewanowich, Carol; Gilks, Cyril Blake; Huntsman, David G; Köbel, Martin; Lee, Cheng-Han

2015-04-01

Endometrial clear cell carcinomas (CCC) constitute fewer than 5% of all carcinomas of the endometrium. Currently, little is known regarding the genetic basis of endometrial CCC. We performed genomic and immunohistochemical analyses on 14 rigorously reviewed pure endometrial CCC. The genomic analysis consisted of sequencing the coding regions of 26 genes implicated previously in endometrial carcinoma. Twelve of 14 tumours displayed a prototypical CCC immunophenotype [napsin A+, hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β (HNF1β(+) ) and oestrogen receptor(-) ] and all showed intact mismatch repair protein expression. We detected mutations in 11 of 14 tumours, and there was a predominance of mutations involving genes that are mutated more frequently in endometrial serous carcinomas than in endometrioid carcinomas. Two tumours displayed a prototypical serous carcinoma mutation profile (concurrent TP53 and PPP2R1A mutations, without PTEN, CTNNB1 or ARID1A mutation). No mutations in PTEN, CTNNB1 or POLE were identified. The overall mutation profile of this cohort of endometrial CCC appears to be more serous-like than endometrioid-like, with a minor subset in the TP53-mutated CCC showing serous carcinoma profile. These findings provide new insights into the molecular features of morphologically prototypical endometrial CCC, and underscore the need for further investigations into the oncogenesis of endometrial CCC. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Hedgehog pathway as a potential treatment target in human cholangiocarcinoma.

PubMed

Riedlinger, Dorothee; Bahra, Marcus; Boas-Knoop, Sabine; Lippert, Steffen; Bradtmöller, Maren; Guse, Katrin; Seehofer, Daniel; Bova, Roberta; Sauer, Igor M; Neuhaus, Peter; Koch, Arend; Kamphues, Carsten

2014-08-01

Innovative treatment concepts targeting essential signaling pathways may offer new chances for patients suffering from cholangiocarcinoma (CCC). For that, we performed a systematic molecular genetic analysis concerning the Hedgehog activity in human CCC samples and analyzed the effect of Hh inhibition on CCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Activation of the Hh pathway was analyzed in 50 human CCC samples using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The efficacy of Hh inhibition using cyclopamine and BMS-833923 was evaluated in vitro. In addition, the effect of BMS-833923, alone or in combination with gemcitabine, was analyzed in vivo in a murine subcutaneous xenograft model. Expression analysis revealed a significant activation of the Hh-signaling pathway in nearly 50% of CCCs. Hh inhibition resulted in a significant decrease in cell proliferation of CCC cells. Moreover, a distinct inhibition of tumor growth could be seen as a result of a combined therapy with BMS-833923 and gemcitabine in CCC xenografts. The results of our study suggest that the Hh pathway plays a relevant role at least in a subset of human CCC. Inhibition of this pathway may represent a possible treatment option for CCC patients in which the Hh pathway is activated. © 2014 Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery.

7 CFR 1434.19 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... FOR HONEY § 1434.19 Settlement. The value of the settlement of loans shall be made by CCC on the... CCC and CCC shall have no obligation to pay such amount to any party. (b) With respect to honey that...

7 CFR 1434.19 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... FOR HONEY § 1434.19 Settlement. The value of the settlement of loans shall be made by CCC on the... CCC and CCC shall have no obligation to pay such amount to any party. (b) With respect to honey that...

Synergistic control center development utilizing commercial technology and industry standards. [NASA space programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anderson, Brian L.

1993-01-01

The development of the Control Center Complex (CCC), a synergistic control center supporting both the Space Station Freedom and the Space Shuttle Program, is described. To provide maximum growth and flexibility, the CCC uses commercial off-the-shelf technology and industry standards. The discussion covers the development philosophy, CCC architecture, data distribution, the software platform concept, workstation platform, commercial tools for the CCC, and benefits of synergy.

Cortisol levels in fingernails, neurocognitive performance and clinical variables in euthymic bipolar I disorder.

PubMed

Herane-Vives, Andres; Cleare, Anthony J; Chang, Chin-Kuo; de Angel, Valeria; Papadopoulos, Andrew; Fischer, Susanne; Halari, Rozmin; Cheung, Eric Y W; Young, Allan H

2017-03-27

Neurocognitive impairment has been found in bipolar patients. Hypercortisolemia is one possible cause but there has been no agreement on this. Previous sampling methods assessed only acute cortisol levels, whereas the association between cortisol and psychopathology might be better understood by investigating chronic levels. Fingernails are a novel method for measuring chronic cortisol concentration (CCC). Here, we measured CCC in euthymic bipolar disorder I (BD-I) patients and healthy controls using fingernails to investigate whether differences in CCC influenced neurocognitive performance. We also investigated whether differences in clinical illness variables influenced CCC in euthymic BD-I patients. A previous study demonstrated neurocognitive impairment in euthymic BD-I patients. The current study included a portion of this sample: 40 BD-I versus 42 matched controls who provided fingernail samples. There was no statistically significant difference in CCC between controls and BD-I (P = .09). Logistic regression analyses revealed that euthymic bipolar I subjects with more than five years of current euthymia had decreased odds of having higher fingernail cortisol concentration (>71.2 pg/mg) compared to those with less than 1.5 years (P = .04). There was no association between CCC and cognitive impairment in all domains before and after adjustment for age and sex. The current evidence suggests CCC is not a trait biomarker in euthymic BD-I (BD-I). Longer periods of stability in affective disorders are associated with lower CCC. Fingernail cortisol does not seem to be implicated in neurocognitive impairment and BD-I. Future studies may investigate CCC in different illness phases of BD-I.

7 CFR 1410.53 - Executed CRP contract not in conformity with regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Executed CRP contract not in conformity with... RESERVE PROGRAM § 1410.53 Executed CRP contract not in conformity with regulations. If, after a CRP contract is approved by CCC, it is discovered that such CRP contract is found to contain material errors of...

Using Cover, Copy, and Compare Spelling with and without Timing for Elementary Students with Behavior Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Darrow, Danette; McLaughlin, T. F.; Derby, K. Mark; Johnson, Kathy

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cover, copy, and compare (CCC) procedures on spelling performance with two students. The participants were two elementary students enrolled in a self-contained behavior intervention classroom. A multiple baseline design across participants was employed to evaluate the effects of CCC…

Angiotensin-converting enzyme DD polymorphism is associated with poor coronary collateral circulation in patients with coronary artery disease.

PubMed

Ceyhan, Koksal; Kadi, Hasan; Celik, Atac; Burucu, Turgay; Koc, Fatih; Sogut, Erkan; Sahin, Semsettin; Onalan, Orhan

2012-01-01

Although association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and cardiovascular diseases was reported by many studies, the relation between ACE I/D polymorphism and coronary collateral circulation (CCC) has not been studied yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism and CCC. Patients who were subjected to coronary angiography in the 2006 to 2009 period and had at least a completely occluded major artery were included in this study. To classify collateral circulation, we used the Rentrop classification. Patients were classified as having poor CCC (Rentrop grades 0 to 1) or good CCC (Rentrop grades 2 to 3). Gene polymorphism was detected through the detailed melting curve analysis of polymerase chain reaction products after amplification using real-time polymerase chain reaction method and LightCycler 1.5 apparatus. We prospectively studied 113 patients who had at least 1 totally occluded major epicardial coronary artery. Forty-seven patients had poor CCC and 67 patients had good CCC. There were no differences among groups in age, sex, risk factors, lipid profile, uses of cardiovascular drugs, and number of diseased vessels. Plasma ACE levels were significantly higher in poor CCC group (P < 0.001). The frequency of DD polymorphism was higher in the poor CCC group (P < 0.001). In allele frequency, we found that the frequency of the D allele was higher in poor CCC group than in the good CCC group (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.16-7.38; P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis with CCC development as the dependent variable revealed that the presence of total occlusion of the left circumflex artery (95% CI, 1.29-6.6; P = 0.001), ACE DD genotype (95% CI, 2.55-12.79; P = 0.001), presence of diabetes (95% CI, 1.03-3.16; P = 0.005), and pulse pressure (95% CI, 1.04-1.56; P = 0.045) were independent determinants of poor coronary collateral development. This study showed that ACE DD polymorphism is associated with poor CCC. Poor collateral circulation in patients carrying the D allele may be associated with endothelial dysfunction and elevated blood ACE levels in these patients.

Adolescents and Young Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Impact of Care at Specialized Cancer Centers on Survival Outcome.

PubMed

Wolfson, Julie; Sun, Can-Lan; Wyatt, Laura; Stock, Wendy; Bhatia, Smita

2017-03-01

Background: Adolescents and young adults (AYA; 15-39 years) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experience inferior survival when compared with children. Impact of care at NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCC) or Children's Oncology Group sites (COG) on survival disparities remains unstudied. Methods: Using the Los Angeles cancer registry, we identified 1,870 ALL or AML patients between 1 and 39 years at diagnosis. Cox regression analyses assessed risk of mortality; younger age + CCC/COG served as the referent group. Logistic regression was used to determine odds of care at CCC/COG, adjusting for variables above. Results: ALL outcome: AYAs at non-CCC/COG experienced inferior survival (15-21 years: HR = 1.9, P = 0.005; 22-29 years: HR = 2.6, P < 0.001; 30-39 years: HR = 3.0, P < 0.001). Outcome at CCC/COG was comparable between children and young AYAs (15-21 years: HR = 1.3, P = 0.3; 22-29 years: HR = 1.2, P = 0.2) but was inferior for 30- to 39-year-olds (HR = 3.4, P < 0.001). AML outcome: AYAs at non-CCC/COG experienced inferior outcome (15-21 years: HR = 1.8, P = 0.02; 22-39 years: HR = 1.4, P = 0.06). Outcome at CCC/COG was comparable between children and 15- to 21-year-olds (HR = 1.3, P = 0.4) but was inferior for 22- to 39-year-olds (HR = 1.7, P = 0.05). Access: 15- to 21-year-olds were less likely to use CCC/COG than children ( P < 0.001). In 22- to 39-year-olds, public/uninsured (ALL: P = 0.004; AML<0.001), African American/Hispanics (ALL: P = 0.03), and 30- to 39-year-olds (ALL: P = 0.03) were less likely to use CCC/COG. Conclusions: Poor survival in AYAs with ALL and AML is mitigated by care at CCC/COG. Barriers to CCC/COG care include public/uninsured, and African American/Hispanic race/ethnicity. Impact: Care at CCC/COG explains, in part, inferior outcomes in AYAs with ALL and AML. Key sociodemographic factors serve as barriers to care at specialized centers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(3); 312-20. ©2017 AACR . ©2017 American Association for Cancer Research.

Inhibitory effects of crude extracts from some edible Thai plants against replication of hepatitis B virus and human liver cancer cells

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Edible plants such as Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) Dyer, Curcumin longa Lin, Momordica charantia Lin and Moringa oleifera Lam have long been believed in Thai culture to relieve ulcers and the symptoms of liver disease. However, little is known about their anti-liver cancer properties and antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-liver cancer and anti-HBV activities of crude extracts from these edible plants on human liver cancer cells. Methods Plant samples were prepared and extracted using buffer and hydro-alcoholic solvents. The MTT assay was performed to investigate the effects of the plant extracts on the cell viability of HepG2 cells. The inhibitory effect on replication of HBV was analysed by determining the level of HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in transiently transfected HepG2 cells with the DNA expression plasmid of the HBV genome using a quantitative real-time PCR. Results Buffer and hydroalcoholic extracts from C. formosum (leaf) reduced cell viability of HepG2 cells and they also inhibited HBV cccDNA. Crude extracts from C. longa (bulb) in both solvents did not have any cytotoxic effects on the HepG2 cells, but they significantly decreased the level of HBV cccDNA. Buffer extracts from the leaves of M. charantia and the fruits of M. oleifera showed to have anti-HBV activity and also a mild cytotoxicity effect on the HepG2 cells. In addition, leaves of M. Oleifera extracted by hydroalcoholic solvent drastically decreased the level of cccDNA in transiently transfected HepG2 cells. Conclusion Some crude extracts of edible plants contain compounds that demonstrate anti-liver cancer and anti-HBV activities. PMID:23216691

The relationship of plasma decoy receptor 3 and coronary collateral circulation in patients with coronary artery disease.

PubMed

Yan, Youyou; Song, Dandan; Liu, Lulu; Meng, Xiuping; Qi, Chao; Wang, Junnan

2017-11-15

Previously, decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) was found to be a potential angiogenetic factor, while the relationship of DcR3 with coronary collateral circulation formation has not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether plasma decoy receptor 3 levels was associated with CCC formation and evaluate its predictive power for CCC status in patients with coronary artery disease. Among patients who underwent coronary angiography with coronary artery disease and had a stenosis of ≥90% were included in our study. Collateral degree was graded according to Rentrope Cohen classification. Patients with grade 2 or 3 collateral degree were enrolled in good CCC group and patients with grade 0 or 1 collateral degree were enrolled in poor CCC group. Plasma DcR3 level was significantly higher in good CCC group (328.00±230.82 vs 194.84±130.63ng/l, p<0.01) and positively correlated with Rentrope grade (p<0.01). In addition, plasma DcR3 was also positively correlated with VEGF-A. Both ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) and multinomial logistical regression analysis showed that plasma DcR3 displayed potent predictive power for CCC status. Higher plasma DcR3 level was related to better CCC formation and displayed potent predictive power for CCC status. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Genetic and Biochemical Analysis of High Iron Toxicity in Yeast

PubMed Central

Lin, Huilan; Li, Liangtao; Jia, Xuan; Ward, Diane McVey; Kaplan, Jerry

2011-01-01

Iron storage in yeast requires the activity of the vacuolar iron transporter Ccc1. Yeast with an intact CCC1 are resistant to iron toxicity, but deletion of CCC1 renders yeast susceptible to iron toxicity. We used genetic and biochemical analysis to identify suppressors of high iron toxicity in Δccc1 cells to probe the mechanism of high iron toxicity. All genes identified as suppressors of high iron toxicity in aerobically grown Δccc1 cells encode organelle iron transporters including mitochondrial iron transporters MRS3, MRS4, and RIM2. Overexpression of MRS3 suppressed high iron toxicity by decreasing cytosolic iron through mitochondrial iron accumulation. Under anaerobic conditions, Δccc1 cells were still sensitive to high iron toxicity, but overexpression of MRS3 did not suppress iron toxicity and did not result in mitochondrial iron accumulation. We conclude that Mrs3/Mrs4 can sequester iron within mitochondria under aerobic conditions but not anaerobic conditions. We show that iron toxicity in Δccc1 cells occurred under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Microarray analysis showed no evidence of oxidative damage under anaerobic conditions, suggesting that iron toxicity may not be solely due to oxidative damage. Deletion of TSA1, which encodes a peroxiredoxin, exacerbated iron toxicity in Δccc1 cells under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, suggesting a unique role for Tsa1 in iron toxicity. PMID:21115478

O and C stable isotopes in cryogenic cave calcite (CCC) - possible proxy for past climate changes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

-Andreea, Badaluta Carmen; Ersek, Vasile; Piotrowska, Natalia; Persoiu, Aurel

2017-04-01

Perennial ice deposits in caves host various proxies of past climate variability, most notable, the isotopic composition of ice, which has been shown to reflect, generally, the temperature outside the cave during the formation of ice (usually, autumn though spring). This ice forms by the freezing of water, water that contains large amounts of dissolved calcium carbonate. The freezing is accompanied by degassing of CO2, and precipitation of cryogenic cave calcite (CCC) under strong kinetic conditions. These kinetic processes could lead to the alteration of the original putative climatic signal carried by the isotopic composition of CCC. Here, we present a possibly climatic explanation of the isotopic composition of CCC from a 1000 years old cave ice deposit from Scărișoara Ice Cave (SIC) in Romania, Eastern Europe. In a 7 m core from the Great Hall of SIC we have analyzed the isotopic composition of the water (oxygen and hydrogen) and CCC (oxygen and carbon) from individual ice layers in the core, as well as that of precipitation , outside the cave. The isotopic composition of precipitation from the cave area varies between -3.6 ‰ for δˡ⁸O and -22 ‰ for δ2H in summer, and -17.8 ‰ for δˡ⁸O and -22 ‰ for δ2H in winter, with mean values of -9.1 ‰ for δˡ⁸O and -62 ‰ for δ2H. A positive correlation between air temperature and the isotopic composition of precipitation, as well as drip water in the cave has been found. The mean values in the ice core during the past 1000 years are -10.3‰ for δ18O and -71 ‰ for δ2H. The water isotopic values in the ice core show low values up to 900 AD, higher values between 900 and 1300 AD (Medieval Warm Period, MWP), and again lower values after 1300 AD (Little Ice Age, LIA), reaching their minimum after 1800 AD. The isotopic composition of CCC shows slightly higher values in the MWP and lower in LIA, possibly suggesting a climatic influence. Modern observations are too short to be able to calibrate this putative signal. Further, clumped isotope thermometry has shown that the kinetic fractionation that dominates during the freezing of water leads to unusual reconstructed formative temperature: +20°C. However, δˡ3C and δˡ⁸O values in CCC have higher values for samples from the MWP than those from the LIA. CCC results from the deposition of CaCO3 from Ca(CO3)2. The main source of CO2 to form carbonic acid is soil CO2, produced by root respiration. Previous studies have shown that δˡ⁸O of this CO2 is in equilibrium with the δˡ⁸O of water, so that the higher (lower) δˡ⁸O values of CCC could reflect warmer (colder) conditions during the MPW (LIA). The interpretation of δˡ3C values of CCC is less straightforward. Higher δˡ3C values in soil CO2 are determined by moisture limitation on plants, either due to low moisture or higher evaporative conditions. While the MWP was warmer in the study area, conflicting data exists on precipitation, with studies suggesting both drier and wetter conditions, so that is difficult to interpret our carbon isotope data. Apart from the direct climatic influence, the depth of soil could have also played a part, as deeper soils, as expected under birch forests that dominated during the MWP, would have had more enrichment in the heavy isotopes with depth, than the thiner soils of the LIA (formed under mostly spruce forests). Further, drought/higher temperatures could also influence the kinetics of the reaction, which can be large enough to overprint any soil signal in δˡ3C.

101. Catalog HHistory 1, C.C.C., 34 Landscaping, Negative No. 1340 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

101. Catalog H-History 1, C.C.C., 34 Landscaping, Negative No. 1340 (Photographer and date unknown) BANK BLENDING WORK BY CCC. - Skyline Drive, From Front Royal, VA to Rockfish Gap, VA , Luray, Page County, VA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, L. M.

The Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA) operated a grain storage facility in Waverly, Nebraska, from 1952 to 1974. During this time, the grain fumigant '80/20' (carbon tetrachloride/carbon disulfide) was used to preserve stored grain. In 1982, sampling by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found carbon tetrachloride contamination in the town's groundwater. After an investigation of the contaminant distribution, the site was placed on the National Priority List (NPL) in 1986, and the CCC/USDA accepted responsibility for the contamination. An Interagency Compliance Agreement between the EPA and the CCC/USDA was finalized in May 1988 (EPAmore » 1990). The EPA (Woodward-Clyde Consultants, contractor) started immediate cleanup efforts in 1987 with the installation of an air stripper, a soil vapor extraction system, a groundwater extraction well, and groundwater and soil gas monitoring wells (Woodward-Clyde 1986, 1988a,b). After the EPA issued its Record of Decision (ROD; EPA 1990), the CCC/USDA (Argonne National Laboratory, contractor) took over operation of the treatment systems. The CCC/USDA conducted a site investigation (Argonne 1991, 1992a,b), during which a carbon tetrachloride plume in groundwater was discovered northeast of the former facility. This plume was not being captured by the existing groundwater extraction system. The remediation system was modified in 1994 (Argonne 1993) with the installation of a second groundwater extraction well to contain the contamination further. Subsequently, a detailed evaluation of the system resulted in a recommendation to pump only the second well to conserve water in the aquifer (Argonne 1995). Sampling and analysis after implementation of this recommendation showed continued decreases in the extent and concentrations of the contamination with only one well pumping (Argonne 1999). The CCC/USDA issued quarterly monitoring reports from 1988 to 2009. Complete documentation of the CCC/USDA characterization and remediation efforts, including the quarterly monitoring reports, is on the compact disc inside the back cover of this report. The EPA reported on the progress of the remediation systems in a series of five-year reviews (EPA 1993, 1999, 2004, 2009). These reports and other EPA documentation are also on the compact disc inside the back cover of this report, along with the Woodward-Clyde (1986, 1988a,b) documentation cited. Starting in 2006, the analytical results for groundwater (the only medium still being monitored) showed no carbon tetrachloride concentrations above the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 5.0 g/L. Because the cleanup goals specified in the ROD (EPA 1990) had been met, the EPA removed the site from the NPL in November 2006 (Appendix A). In 2008 the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit for the remediation system was deactivated, and a year later the EPA released its fourth and final five-year report (EPA 2009), indicating that no further action was required for the site and that the site was ready for unlimited use. In 2011-2012, the CCC/USDA decommissioned the remediation systems at Waverly. This report documents the decommission process and closure of the site.« less

[Dynamic detection of duck hepatitis B virus cccDNA in serum of ducks with liver injury].

PubMed

Zhao, Ke-kai; Wang, Qing; Miao, Xiao-hui; Xu, Wen-sheng

2010-09-21

To confirm whether DHBV cccDNA could be detected in serum of DHBV-infected ducks after liver injury. Twenty four ducks with persistent DHBV infection were divided into 4 groups with the following treatments: A, D-galactosamine (D-GalN, 2.2 g/kg) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 µg/kg); B, 10 mg/kg of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) every 12 h twice following D-GalN and LPS; C, 15 mg/kg of CCl4 every 12 h twice following D-GalN and LPS; D, normal saline as normal control (NC). At 0 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h post-treatment, sera were collected from each duck for determination of serum DHBV load, DHBV cccDNA and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). And ducks were eventually sacrificed to obtain liver specimens for pathological assessment of liver lesions and determination of intrahepatic total DHBV DNA and DHBV cccDNA. (1) No obvious pathological change was observed in the liver of ducks from NC group while the indices of liver injury were significantly different between Groups A, B and C; (2) DHBV cccDNA was undetectable in the sera of ducks from NC and A group at all time points. In contrast, DHBV cccDNA, varying from 3.17 × 10(3) copies/ml to 1.72 × 10(4) copies/ml, was detected in the sera of 2 ducks from Group B and 3 ducks from Group C at 36 h post-treatment. The occurrence of DHBV cccDNA in serum was significantly correlated with the degree of liver injury while no significant association with serum ALT level and DHBV load as well as with the level of intrahepatic total DHBV DNA and DHBV cccDNA was observed. DHBV cccDNA may be detected in the serum when the liver of duck is seriously damaged. The incidence of DHBV cccDNA occurrence in the serum is significantly associated with the severity of liver injury.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ma, Y; Lacroix, F; Lavallee, M

Purpose: To evaluate the commercially released Collapsed Cone convolution-based(CCC) dose calculation module of the Elekta OncentraBrachy(OcB) treatment planning system(TPS). Methods: An allwater phantom was used to perform TG43 benchmarks with single source and seventeen sources, separately. Furthermore, four real-patient heterogeneous geometries (chestwall, lung, breast and prostate) were used. They were selected based on their clinical representativity of a class of clinical anatomies that pose clear challenges. The plans were used as is(no modification). For each case, TG43 and CCC calculations were performed in the OcB TPS, with TG186-recommended materials properly assigned to ROIs. For comparison, Monte Carlo simulation was runmore » for each case with the same material scheme and grid mesh as TPS calculations. Both modes of CCC (standard and high quality) were tested. Results: For the benchmark case, the CCC dose, when divided by that of TG43, yields hot-n-cold spots in a radial pattern. The pattern of the high mode is denser than that of the standard mode and is representative of angular dicretization. The total deviation ((hot-cold)/TG43) is 18% for standard mode and 11% for high mode. Seventeen dwell positions help to reduce “ray-effect”, with the total deviation to 6% (standard) and 5% (high), respectively. For the four patient cases, CCC produces, as expected, more realistic dose distributions than TG43. A close agreement was observed between CCC and MC for all isodose lines, from 20% and up; the 10% isodose line of CCC appears shifted compared to that of MC. The DVH plots show dose deviations of CCC from MC in small volume, high dose regions (>100% isodose). For patient cases, the difference between standard and high modes is almost undiscernable. Conclusion: OncentraBrachy CCC algorithm marks a significant dosimetry improvement relative to TG43 in real-patient cases. Further researches are recommended regarding the clinical implications of the above observations. Support provided by a CIHR grant and CCC system provided by Elekta-Nucletron.« less

Toward an understanding of the pathophysiology of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (Review)

PubMed Central

UEKURI, CHIHARU; SHIGETOMI, HIROSHI; ONO, SUMIRE; SASAKI, YOSHIKAZU; MATSUURA, MIYUKI; KOBAYASHI, HIROSHI

2013-01-01

Endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers demonstrate substantial morphological and genetic diversity. The transcription factor, hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1β, may be one of several key genes involved in the identity of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC). The present study reviews a considerably expanded set of HNF-1β-associated genes and proteins that determine the pathophysiology of CCC. The current literature was reviewed by searching MEDLINE/PubMed. Functional interpretations of gene expression profiling in CCC are provided. Several important CCC-related genes overlap with those known to be regulated by the upregulation of HNF-1β expression, along with a lack of estrogen receptor (ER) expression. Furthermore, the genetic expression pattern in CCC resembles that of the Arias-Stella reaction, decidualization and placentation. HNF-1β regulates a subset of progesterone target genes. HNF-1β may also act as a modulator of female reproduction, playing a role in endometrial regeneration, differentiation, decidualization, glycogen synthesis, detoxification, cell cycle regulation, implantation, uterine receptivity and a successful pregnancy. In conclusion, the present study focused on reviewing the aberrant expression of CCC-specific genes and provided an update on the pathological implications and molecular functions of well-characterized CCC-specific genes. PMID:24179489

7 CFR 1412.34 - Submitting production evidence for establishing direct payment yields for oilseeds and pulse crops.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... in such manner as required by CCC on a CCC-approved standard, uniform form designated by CCC. (b)(1... furnish documentary evidence in order to verify the information provided on the report of production...

100. Catalog HHistory 1, C.C.C., 34 Landscaping, Negative No. P ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

100. Catalog H-History 1, C.C.C., 34 Landscaping, Negative No. P 733c (Photographer and date unknown) SLOPE MAINTENANCE WORK BY CCC. - Skyline Drive, From Front Royal, VA to Rockfish Gap, VA , Luray, Page County, VA

7 CFR 1493.1 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS Restrictions and Criteria for Export Credit... use of credit guarantees under the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and the Intermediate Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) and the criteria considered by CCC in...

7 CFR 1493.1 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS Restrictions and... restrictions which apply to the use of credit guarantees under the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Export... criteria considered by CCC in determining the annual allocations of credit guarantees to be made available...

7 CFR 1493.1 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS Restrictions and Criteria for Export Credit... use of credit guarantees under the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and the Intermediate Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103) and the criteria considered by CCC in...

7 CFR 1493.1 - General statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CCC EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS Restrictions and... restrictions which apply to the use of credit guarantees under the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Export... criteria considered by CCC in determining the annual allocations of credit guarantees to be made available...