Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus during Computed Tomography Scanning with Contrast

PubMed Central

Rius, Cristina; Caylà, Joan A.

2008-01-01

Six cases of acute hepatitis C related to computed tomography scanning with contrast were identified in 3 hospitals. A patient with chronic hepatitis C had been subjected to the same procedure immediately before each patient who developed acute infection. Viral molecular analysis showed identity between isolates from cases with acute and chronic hepatitis C. PMID:18258135

Computed tomography findings of gaseous necrosis in epithelial ovarian cancer: a report of three cases.

PubMed

Cronin, Paul; Crosse, Barbara; Lane, Geoff; Spencer, John A

2002-01-01

Necrosis in pathologic specimens of ovarian cancer is well documented; however, computed tomography (CT) evidence of gaseous necrosis in the absence of fistulation with bowel has not yet been described. We report three cases of ovarian adenocarcinoma that on CT showed evidence of gross gaseous necrosis, mimicking a pelvic abscess.

Hermaphroditism demonstrated by computed tomography

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gale, M.E.

1983-07-01

The categorization of disorders of gender differentiation is based on chromosome analysis, physical examination, gonadal histology, and endocrine evaluation. In most cases of hermaphroditism, radiologic studies have been limited to assessment of associated urinary tract anomalies before surgical revconstruction. Noninvasive evaluation with computed tomography (CT) or sonography is potentially useful for investigation of internal pelvic anatomy in these cases. A case report of a 65-year-old man is reported. (KRM)

[Value of computer tomography in the managment of brain injuries].

PubMed

Keita, A D; Toure, M; Sissako, A; Doumbia, S; Coulibaly, Y; Doumbia, D; Kane, M; Diallo, A K; Toure, A A; Traore, I

2005-11-01

The purpose of this prospective study conducted from January 2001 to December 2001 was to ascertain the value of computer tomography for evaluation of brain injuries. Computer tomography was performed using a Toshiba X VID system with contiguous 5 mm axial sections through the posterior fossa and 10 mm contiguous axial sections through the subtentorial region without contrast injection. A total of 107 patients with brain injuries were enrolled over the one-year study period. These patients accounted for 0.8% of all admissions to surgical emergency unit of Gabriel Toure Hospital in Bamako, Mali. The predominant age group for brain injuries was the 20- to 29-year-old group (35 cases). The male-to-female sex ratio was 5:1. Vehicular accident was the most frequent cause of brain injury (76 cases). Trauma was severe in 48 patients with a Glasgow score less than 8. Coma occurred immediately after injury in 90 cases. Ventricular hemorrhage led to coma in 100% of cases whereas brain hemorrhage and hematoma led to coma in 93.3% and 83.3% of cases respectively. Treatment was medical in 99 cases and neurosurgical in 8. The mortality rate was 34% and the morbidity rate (permanent sequels) was 36%. Computer tomography is a valuable tool for therapeutic decision-making in medico-surgical emergencies involving brain injuries.

Stomach metastasis of breast carcinoma mimicking primary gastric neoplasm on fluorodeoxy glucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography.

PubMed

Joshi, Prathamesh; Lele, Vikram; Jain, Reetu; Khubchandani, Shaila; Sinhasan, Shraddha

2013-04-01

We present fluorodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) findings in a case of breast carcinoma. The PET/CT findings in this case were suspicious of second primary neoplasm in the stomach. However, on endoscopic biopsy, the lesion was found to be stomach metastasis of breast carcinoma with estrogen receptor positivity. Stomach is a rare site of breast carcinoma metastasis. Our case suggests that it is difficult to distinguish a stomach metastasis of breast cancer from a primary gastric cancer on the basis of clinical and imaging features. However, this differential diagnosis must be kept in mind and it is important to make such distinction because of its implications on patient management.

Usefulness of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for detection of a neuroblastic nodule in a ganglioneuroblastoma: a case report.

PubMed

Takeda, Yuka; Sano, Hideki; Kawano, Asuka; Mochizuki, Kazuhiro; Takahashi, Nobuhisa; Kobayashi, Shogo; Ohara, Yoshihiro; Tasaki, Kazuhiro; Hosoya, Mitusuaki; Kikuta, Atsushi

2018-05-03

Ganglioneuroblastoma, nodular is defined as a composite tumor of biologically distinct clones. The peripheral neuroblastic tumors in this category are characterized by the presence of grossly visible neuroblastoma nodules coexisting with ganglioneuroblastoma, intermixed, or with ganglioneuroma. Making a correct diagnosis of ganglioneuroblastoma, nodular is often difficult by biopsy or partial tumor resection, because the neuroblastic nodule could be hidden and not sampled for pathological examination. We report a case of a Japanese boy aged 3 years, 8 months, with an unresectable abdominal tumor and elevated vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid levels. The initial biopsy was ganglioneuroma. However, after the second biopsy from a hidden neuroblastoma nodule that was clearly highlighted by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, we reached the diagnosis of ganglioneuroblastoma, nodular. Because the nodule demonstrated neuroblastoma, differentiating subtype, with a low mitosis-karyorrhexis index (favorable histology) and nonamplified MYCN, the boy was treated according to the intermediate-risk protocol and is now alive and well 4 years after the diagnosis. This case illustrates the critical role of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for detecting a neuroblastoma nodule in a ganglioneuroblastoma.

Spontaneous rupture of ovarian cystadenocarcinoma: pre- and post-rupture computed tomography evaluation*

PubMed Central

Salvadori, Priscila Silveira; Bomfim, Lucas Novais; von Atzingen, Augusto Castelli; D’Ippolito, Giuseppe

2015-01-01

Epithelial ovarian tumors are the most common malignant ovarian neoplasms and, in most cases, eventual rupture of such tumors is associated with a surgical procedure. The authors report the case of a 54-year-old woman who presented with spontaneous rupture of ovarian cystadenocarcinoma documented by computed tomography, both before and after the event. In such cases, a post-rupture staging tends to be less favorable, compromising the prognosis. PMID:26543286

Coronary imaging of anomalous origins and aneurysms of the left coronary artery by multislice computed tomography.

PubMed

Castorina, Sergio; Luca, Tonia; Privitera, Giovanna; Riccioli, Vincenzo

2010-01-01

In this paper, we describe two cases of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery and two cases of aneurysm on the left coronary artery. Detailed three-dimensional images were acquired by the multislice computed tomography (MSCT) SOMATOM Sensation Cardiac 64 during clinical studies of cardiac diseases. Copyright 2010. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Frequency of suspected cases of neurocysticercosis detected by computed skull tomography in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.

PubMed

Silva, J E; Diefenthäler, A P; Palma, J K

2000-01-01

Due to the lack of studies about neurocysticercosis in the South of Brazil, an investigation was conducted to determine the percentage of suspected cases of neurocysticercosis in computed tomography diagnoses in Santa Maria, RS, from January 1997 to December 1998. Of 6300 computed tomographies (CT) of the skull performed at the private Hospital de Caridade Astrogildo de Azevedo, 80, i.e., 1.27% were suspected of neurocysticercosis. Fifty were women (62.5%) and 30 were men (37.5%). The most frequent radiological manifestation indicating neurocysticercosis was the presence of calcifications (isolated or associated), with a 95% rate (76 cases), while the presence of hypodense lesions reached a 5% rate (4 cases). After routine analysis, each CT was evaluated again and the suspected cases were confirmed. The percentage of suspected cases of neurocysticercosis detected by CT in the present study carried out in Santa Maria was considered low (1.27%). This can be explained by the fact that tomography is not accessible to the economically underprivileged population of Santa Maria. We hope that the present study can alert the population and the professionals to the fact that neurocysticercosis is a more frequent disease than indicated by the few diagnoses made.

Malignant head and neck tumours in Radiology Department JPMC Karachi -- a tertiary care experience.

PubMed

Kadri, Shazia; Uddin, Sami; Ahmed, Naveed; Mahmood, Tariq

2015-08-01

To study age, gender and sites of malignant head and neck tumours on contrast-enhanced computed tomography and to elucidate its role. The retrospective study was conducted at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, and comprised data of patients with histologically proven malignant head and neck tumours reporting from February 2013 to February 2014. Contrast enhanced computed tomography with puffed cheek technique was done in cases of oral cancer, while routine contrast computed tomography was done in cases of other head and neck tumours. SPSS 19 was used for statistical analysis. A total of 100 biopsy-proven cases of malignant tumours comprised the study sample. The male: female ratio was 1.5:1 with an overall mean age of 46.4±16-76 years. . The most common histopathologically proven tumour was squamous cell carcinoma affecting oral mucosa 43(43%), followed by larynx 27(27%) and pharynx 10(10%) . Oral squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest tumour. Compute tomography scan with puffed cheek technique played a beneficial role in locating the site of primary tumour.

Plain X-ray, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of telangiectatic osteosarcoma: a case report.

PubMed

Skiadas, Vasilios; Koutoulidis, Vasilios; Koureas, Andreas; Moulopoulos, Lia; Gouliamos, Athanasios

2009-09-16

An 18-year-old male patient presented with chronic nonspecific pain of three months located at his left proximal tibia. The patient was admitted to our department for plain X-ray, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examination. Plain X-ray and computed tomography revealed a geographic lytic lesion at the medial aspect of the proximal tibia. Biopsy of the lesion showed telangiectatic osteosarcoma. Image findings of all modalities are presented.

Maxillary first molar with three buccal roots evaluated with cone-beam computed tomography: a rare case report.

PubMed

Kottoor, Jojo; Nandini, Suresh; Velmurugan, Natanasabapathy

2012-01-01

This case report describes the nonsurgical endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with the unusual morphology of three separate buccal roots. An accurate assessment of this morphology was made with the help of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This report also describes the varied root morphology associated with maxillary first molars and the role of CBCT as a diagnostic tool for managing these complex cases successfully.

Sinonasal papilloma: what influences the decision to request a magnetic resonance imaging scan?

PubMed

Kasbekar, A V; Swords, C; Attlmayr, B; Kulkarni, T; Swift, A C

2018-06-18

Computed tomography is the standard pre-operative imaging modality for sinonasal papilloma. The complementary use of magnetic resonance imaging as an additional investigation is debated. This study aimed to establish whether magnetic resonance imaging can accurately detect tumour extent and is a useful adjunct to computed tomography. A retrospective review was conducted on 19 patients with sinonasal papilloma. The interpretation of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans, by three clinicians, was conducted by comparing prediction of tumour extent. The perceived necessity of magnetic resonance imaging was compared between clinicians. The addition of magnetic resonance imaging improved accuracy of pre-operative interpretation; specifically, this finding was significant in cases with frontal sinus involvement. Surgeons were more likely than a radiologist to request magnetic resonance imaging, particularly when computed tomography indicated frontal sinus disease. Pre-operative combined magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography helped predict disease in the frontal sinus better than computed tomography alone. A close working relationship between the ENT and radiology departments is important for accurate tumour localisation.

Diagnostic performance of multidetector computed tomography in distinguishing unilateral from bilateral abnormalities in primary hyperaldosteronism: comparison of multidetector computed tomography with adrenal vein sampling.

PubMed

Raman, Siva P; Lessne, Mark; Kawamoto, Satomi; Chen, Yifei; Salvatori, Roberto; Prescott, Jason D; Fishman, Elliot K

2015-01-01

The management of patients with primary hyperaldosteronism (PH) varies depending on whether the unregulated aldosterone secretion localizes to a single unilateral adrenal gland, traditionally determined using adrenal vein sampling (AVS). This study seeks to determine if the performance of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) examinations performed using the latest scanner technology can reasonably match the results of AVS, and potentially avoid AVS in some patients. Computed tomographic scans in 56 patients with PH were independently reviewed by 2 radiologists for the presence of adrenal nodules and qualitative adrenal thickening. Results were correlated with AVS results. Of 35 patients with MDCT evidence of unilateral nodules, the imaging findings correctly predicted AVS localization in only 23 (65.7%) cases. When stratified by size, MDCT was accurate in only 71.4% of cases for nodules measuring 10 mm or less, and only 55.0% of cases for nodules measuring 11 to 20 mm. Of the 12 cases where MDCT did not correctly localize, AVS localized to the contralateral adrenal gland in 4 cases, whereas AVS suggested no lateralization in 8 cases. In patients with normal bilateral adrenal glands on MDCT, 2/7 (28.6%) of cases demonstrated unilateral localization on AVS, and in patients with bilateral adrenal nodules, only 3/14 (21.4%) did not demonstrate lateralization on AVS. Multidetector computed tomography, even when performed with the latest generation of MDCT scanners, does not offer sufficient diagnostic accuracy to replace AVS in patients with PH.

Lung Hot Spot Without Corresponding Computed Tomography Abnormality on Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: Artifactual or Real, Iatrogenic or Pathologic?

PubMed

Liu, Yiyan

Focal lung uptake without corresponding lesions or abnormalities on computed tomography (CT) scan poses a dilemma in the interpretation of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT). A limited number of case reports have previously suggested an artifactual or iatrogenic nature of the uptake. In the present study, 8 relevant cases were included within a retrospective search of the database. Medical records were reviewed for follow-up radiological and pathologic information. In 7 of 8 cases with focal increased FDG uptake but no corresponding lesions or abnormalities on CT scan, the lung hot spots were artifactual or iatrogenic upon follow-up diagnostic chest CT or repeated PET/CT or both the scans. Microemboli were most likely a potential cause of the pulmonary uptake, with or without partial paravenous injection. One case in the series had a real pulmonary lesion demonstrated on follow-up PET/CT scans and on surgical pathology, although the initial integrated CT and follow-up diagnostic chest CT scans revealed negative findings to demonstrate pulmonary abnormalities corresponding to the hot spot on the PET scan. In conclusion, the finding of a lung hot spot in the absence of anatomical abnormality on FDG PET/CT was most likely artifactual or iatrogenic, but it might also represent a real pulmonary lesion. Nonvisualization of anatomical abnormality could be because of its small size and position directly overlying a segmental vessel. Further image follow-up is necessary and important to clarify the nature of the uptake. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clinical and computed tomography features of secondary renal hyperparathyroidism

PubMed Central

Vanbrugghe, Benoît; Blond, Laurent; Carioto, Lisa; Carmel, Eric Norman; Nadeau, Marie-Eve

2011-01-01

An atypical case of secondary renal hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed in a 9-year-old miniature schnauzer after a skull computed tomography (CT) showed the presence of 2 bilateral and symmetrical soft tissue maxillary masses, and osteopenia of the skull. PMID:21532826

Weapon identification using antemortem CT with 3D reconstruction, is it always possible?--A report in a case of facial blunt and sharp injuries using an ashtray.

PubMed

Aromatario, Mariarosaria; Cappelletti, Simone; Bottoni, Edoardo; Fiore, Paola Antonella; Ciallella, Costantino

2016-01-01

An interesting case of homicide involving the use of a heavy glass ashtray is described. The victim, a 81-years-old woman, has survived for few days and died in hospital. The external examination of the victim showed extensive blunt and sharp facial injuries and defense injuries on both the hands. The autopsy examination showed numerous tears on the face, as well as multiple fractures of the facial bones. Computer tomography scan, with 3D reconstruction, performed in hospital before death, was used to identify the weapon used for the crime. In recent years new diagnostics tools such as computer tomography has been widely used, especially in cases involving sharp and blunt forces. Computer tomography has proven to be very valuable in analyzing fractures of the cranial teca for forensic purpose, in particular antemortem computer tomography with 3D reconstruction is becoming an important tool in the process of weapon identification, thanks to the possibility to identify and make comparison between the shape of the object used to commit the crime, the injury and the objects found during the investigations. No previous reports on the use of this technique, for the weapon identification process, in cases of isolated facial fractures were described. We report a case in which, despite the correct use of this technique, it was not possible for the forensic pathologist to identify the weapon used to commit the crime. Authors wants to highlight the limits encountered in the use of computer tomography with 3D reconstruction as a tool for weapon identification when facial fractures occurred. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Plain X-ray, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of telangiectatic osteosarcoma: a case report

PubMed Central

Koutoulidis, Vasilios; Koureas, Andreas; Moulopoulos, Lia; Gouliamos, Athanasios

2009-01-01

An 18-year-old male patient presented with chronic nonspecific pain of three months located at his left proximal tibia. The patient was admitted to our department for plain X-ray, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examination. Plain X-ray and computed tomography revealed a geographic lytic lesion at the medial aspect of the proximal tibia. Biopsy of the lesion showed telangiectatic osteosarcoma. Image findings of all modalities are presented. PMID:19918488

Postmortem computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging facilitates forensic autopsy in a fatal case of poisoning with formic acid, diphenhydramine, and ethanol.

PubMed

Berger, Florian; Steuer, Andrea E; Rentsch, Katharina; Gascho, Dominic; Stamou, Stamatios; Schärli, Sarah; Thali, Michael J; Krämer, Thomas; Flach, Patricia M

2016-09-01

A case of fatal poisoning by ingesting formic acid, diphenhydramine, and ethanol by a 25-year-old woman who committed suicide is presented. Prior to autopsy, postmortem computed tomography and postmortem magnetic resonance tomography were performed and revealed severe damage to the stomach, the left thoracic wall, and parts of the liver. Imaging detected acid-induced fluid-fluid level within the thoracic cavity (fat-equivalent fluid and necrotic pleural effusion). This case report illustrates that postmortem cross-sectional imaging may facilitate dissection of severely damaged or complex regions, and may provide additional information compared to autopsy and toxicological examinations alone.

Choanal atresia: a case report illusrating the use of computed tomography

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shirkhoda, A.; Biggers, W.P.

1982-01-01

Bilateral choanal atresis is often associated with severe asphyxia, immediately after birth and can be the cause of death from suffocation. However, in the unilateral type, the diagnosis is often delayed until the second decade of life or even later. This communication presents a case of bilateral complete choanal atresia, reviews the clinical features, and emphasizes the role of computed tomography in making the diagnosis.

Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Evaluation of Radicular Cyst mimicking Dentigerous Cyst in a 7-year-old Child: A Case Report and Literature Review.

PubMed

Mahesh, B S; P Shastry, Shilpa; S Murthy, Padmashree; Jyotsna, T R

2017-01-01

To report a rare case of large radicular cyst-associated deciduous tooth and to discuss the importance of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in diagnosing the condition. Radicular cyst is the most common cyst affecting the permanent teeth, but its occurrence in deciduous teeth is rare. Most of the radicular cysts are asymptomatic and are discovered accidentally when radiographs are taken. Conventional radiographs show two-dimensional images of three-dimensional objects. Cone beam computed tomography provides undistorted three-dimensional information of hard tissues and gives adequate spatial resolution. A 7-year-old child, with a complaint of swelling in the maxillary anterior region, was diagnosed with radicular cyst in relation to primary maxillary right central incisor based on CBCT and histopathological features. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of radicular cyst in primary dentition is important to prevent damage to permanent tooth. Mahesh BS, Shastry SP, Murthy PS, Jyotsna TR. Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Evaluation of Radicular Cyst mimicking Dentigerous Cyst in a 7-year-old Child: A Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):213-216.

Dysphagia lusorium in elderly: A case report

PubMed Central

Kantarceken, Bulent; Bulbuloglu, Ertan; Yuksel, Murvet; Cetinkaya, Ali

2004-01-01

AIM: Late unset of dysphagia due to vascular abnormalities is a rare condition. We aimed to present a case of right subclavian artery abnormalities caused dysphagia in the elderly. METHODS: A 68-year-old female was admitted with dysphagia seven months ago. Upper endoscopic procedures and routine examinations could not demonstrate any etiology. Multislice computed thorax tomography was performed for probable extra- esophagial lesions. RESULTS: Multislice computed thorax tomography showed right subclavian artery abnormality and esophagial compression with this aberrant artery. CONCLUSION: Causes of dysphagia in the elderly are commonly malignancies, strictures and/or motility disorders. If routine examinations and endoscopic procedures fail to show any etiology, rare vascular abnormalities can be considered in such patients. Multislice computed tomography is a usefull choice in such conditions. PMID:15285045

Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography with myocardial three‐dimensional printing can guide treatment in symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

PubMed Central

Hamatani, Yasuhiro; Amaki, Makoto; Kanzaki, Hideaki; Yamashita, Kizuku; Nakashima, Yasuteru; Shibata, Atsushi; Okada, Atsushi; Takahama, Hiroyuki; Hasegawa, Takuya; Shimahara, Yusuke; Sugano, Yasuo; Fujita, Tomoyuki; Shiraishi, Isao; Yasuda, Satoshi; Kobayashi, Junjiro

2017-01-01

Abstract Both surgical myectomy and percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation are effective treatments for drug‐refractory symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). However, in some cases, it is not easy to elucidate the abnormal structure of left ventricular outflow obstruction to adopt these treatments. Here, we presented a young female patient with drug‐refractory symptomatic HOCM. In this case, contrast‐enhanced computed tomography enabled us to assess the suitability of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation. By creating three‐dimensional printed models using computed tomography data, we could also visualize intracardiac structure and simulate the surgical procedure. A multimodality assessment strategy is useful for evaluating patients complicated with drug‐refractory symptomatic HOCM. PMID:29154429

Retroperitoneal tumour radiotherapy: clinical improvements using kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography.

PubMed

Juan-Senabre, Xavier J; Ferrer-Albiach, Carlos; Rodríguez-Cordón, Marta; Santos-Serra, Agustín; López-Tarjuelo, Juan; Calzada-Feliu, Salvador

2009-04-01

We present a clinical case of a patient diagnosed with a retroperitoneal sarcoma, which received preoperative treatment with daily verification via computed tomography obtained with kilovoltage cone beam. We compare the benefit of this treatment compared to other conventional treatment without image guiding, reporting quantitative results.

Computed tomography as a diagnostic aid for extracanal invasive resorption.

PubMed

Kim, Euiseong; Kim, Kee-Deog; Roh, Byoung-Duck; Cho, Yong-Sik; Lee, Seung-Jong

2003-07-01

A case of multiple extracanal invasive resorption is reported. The patient had a history of hypothyroidism for approximately 1 yr before the dental visit. Utilization of computed tomography and a rapid prototyping tooth model in diagnosing the exact location and the size of the resorption area are discussed.

Tomographic aspects of penetrating thoracic trauma: injuries from firearms and other weapons.

PubMed

de Melo, Alessandro Severo Alves; Moreira, Luiza Beatriz Melo; Pessoa, Fernanda Miraldi Clemente; Saint-Martin, Nara; Ancilotti Filho, Roger; Souza, Arthur Soares; Marchiori, Edson

2017-01-01

The aim of this study was to analyze the various computed tomography findings in penetrating chest trauma, as well as to determine the frequency and extent of the lesions. We studied the computed tomography findings from 40 cases of penetrating thoracic trauma, of which 35 (85.8%) were gunshot wounds and 5 (14.2%) were caused by another type of weapon. Pulmonary lesions were found in 39 cases (97.5%), manifesting as contusions in 34 cases (85%), atelectasis in 8 (20%), lacerations in 1 (2.5%) and hematomas in 1 (2.5%). Hemothorax was seen in 31 cases (77.5%), and pneumothorax was seen in 22 cases (55%). Mediastinal lesions were observed in 8 cases (20%), including mediastinal hematoma in 3 cases (7.5%), hemopericardium in 3 (7.5%), and pneumomediastinum in 2 (5%). Diaphragmatic rupture was seen in 2 cases (5%). In patients with penetrating thoracic trauma, computed tomography of the chest is an important tool for characterizing the affected organs and evaluating the path of injury, as well as the severity and extent of the lesions. The images obtained are also useful in estimating the risk of death and determining the best therapeutic approach.

Combined single photon emission computerized tomography and conventional computerized tomography: Clinical value for the shoulder surgeons?

PubMed Central

Hirschmann, Michael T.; Schmid, Rahel; Dhawan, Ranju; Skarvan, Jiri; Rasch, Helmut; Friederich, Niklaus F.; Emery, Roger

2011-01-01

With the cases described, we strive to introduce single photon emission computerized tomography in combination with conventional computer tomography (SPECT/CT) to shoulder surgeons, illustrate the possible clinical value it may offer as new diagnostic radiologic modality, and discuss its limitations. SPECT/CT may facilitate the establishment of diagnosis, process of decision making, and further treatment for complex shoulder pathologies. Some of these advantages were highlighted in cases that are frequently seen in most shoulder clinics. PMID:22058640

Congruence Between Pulmonary Function and Computed Tomography Imaging Assessment of Cystic Fibrosis Severity.

PubMed

Rybacka, Anna; Goździk-Spychalska, Joanna; Rybacki, Adam; Piorunek, Tomasz; Batura-Gabryel, Halina; Karmelita-Katulska, Katarzyna

2018-05-04

In cystic fibrosis, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and computed tomography are used to assess lung function and structure, respectively. Although both techniques of assessment are congruent there are lingering doubts about which PFTs variables show the best congruence with computed tomography scoring. In this study we addressed the issue by reinvestigating the association between PFTs variables and the score of changes seen in computed tomography scans in patients with cystic fibrosis with and without pulmonary exacerbation. This retrospective study comprised 40 patients in whom PFTs and computed tomography were performed no longer than 3 weeks apart. Images (inspiratory: 0.625 mm slice thickness, 0.625 mm interval; expiratory: 1.250 mm slice thickness, 10 mm interval) were evaluated with the Bhalla scoring system. The most frequent structural abnormality found in scans were bronchiectases and peribronchial thickening. The strongest relationship was found between the Bhalla sore and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). The Bhalla sore also was related to forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, residual volume (RV), and RV/total lung capacity (TLC) ratio. We conclude that lung structural data obtained from the computed tomography examination are highly congruent to lung function data. Thus, computed tomography imaging may supersede functional assessment in cases of poor compliance with spirometry procedures in the lederly or children. Computed tomography also seems more sensitive than PFTs in the assessment of cystic fibrosis progression. Moreover, in early phases of cystic fibrosis, computed tomography, due to its excellent resolution, may be irreplaceable in monitoring pulmonary damage.

Transurethral Ultrasound Diffraction Tomography

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-01

the covariance matrix was derived. The covariance reduced to that of the X- ray CT under the assumptions of linear operator and real data.[5] The...the covariance matrix in the linear x- ray computed tomography is a special case of the inverse scattering matrix derived in this paper. The matrix was...is derived in Sec. IV, and its relation to that of the linear x- ray computed tomography appears in Sec. V. In Sec. VI, the inverse scattering

Somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the evaluation of opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia syndrome.

PubMed

Joshi, Prathamesh; Lele, Vikram

2013-04-01

Opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia (OMA) syndrome is the most common paraneoplastic neurological syndrome of childhood, associated with occult neuroblastoma in 20%-50% of all cases. OMA is the initial presentation of neuroblastoma in 1%-3% of children. Conventional radiological imaging approaches include chest radiography and abdominal computed tomography (CT). Nuclear medicine techniques, in form of (123)I/(131)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy have been incorporated in various diagnostic algorithms for evaluation of OMA. We describe use of somatostatin receptor PET/CT with (68)Gallium- DOTA-DPhe(1), Tyr(3)-octreotate (DOTATATE) in diagnosis of neuroblastoma in two cases of OMA.

First-in-Man Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Revascularization of Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion Using a Wearable Computer: Proof of Concept.

PubMed

Opolski, Maksymilian P; Debski, Artur; Borucki, Bartosz A; Szpak, Marcin; Staruch, Adam D; Kepka, Cezary; Witkowski, Adam

2016-06-01

We report a case of successful computed tomography-guided percutaneous revascularization of a chronically occluded right coronary artery using a wearable, hands-free computer with a head-mounted display worn by interventional cardiologists in the catheterization laboratory. The projection of 3-dimensional computed tomographic reconstructions onto the screen of virtual reality glass allowed the operators to clearly visualize the distal coronary vessel, and verify the direction of the guide wire advancement relative to the course of the occluded vessel segment. This case provides proof of concept that wearable computers can improve operator comfort and procedure efficiency in interventional cardiology. Copyright © 2016 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Measurement of intracranial hematoma volume by personal computer].

PubMed

DU, Wanping; Tan, Lihua; Zhai, Ning; Zhou, Shunke; Wang, Rui; Xue, Gongshi; Xiao, An

2011-01-01

To explore the method for intracranial hematoma volume measurement by the personal computer. Forty cases of various intracranial hematomas were measured by the computer tomography with quantitative software and personal computer with Photoshop CS3 software, respectively. the data from the 2 methods were analyzed and compared. There was no difference between the data from the computer tomography and the personal computer (P>0.05). The personal computer with Photoshop CS3 software can measure the volume of various intracranial hematomas precisely, rapidly and simply. It should be recommended in the clinical medicolegal identification.

Presence of gas in left ventricle due to infective endocarditis.

PubMed

Laiq, Zenab; Yarmohammadi, Hirad; Nabeel, Yassar; Adatya, Sirtaz

2016-01-01

Gas in myocardium is a rare manifestation of infective endocarditis caused by gas producing bacteria. We present a case of infective endocarditis caused by Citrobacter Koseri initially diagnosed by computed tomography and confirmed with transesophageal echocardiogram. Copyright © 2016 Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Asymptomatic Emphysematous Pyelonephritis - Positron Emission Tomography Computerized Tomography Aided Diagnostic and Therapeutic Elucidation

PubMed Central

Pathapati, Deepti; Shinkar, Pawan Gulabrao; kumar, Satya Awadhesh; Jha; Dattatreya, Palanki Satya; Chigurupati, Namrata; Chigurupati, Mohana Vamsy; Rao, Vatturi Venkata Satya Prabhakar

2017-01-01

The authors report an interesting coincidental unearthing by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) of a potentially serious medical condition of emphysematous pyelonephritis in a case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The management by conservative ureteric stenting and antibiotics was done with gratifying clinical outcome. PMID:28242985

Assessment of the Role of Different Imaging Modalities with Emphasis on Fdg Pet/Ct in the Management of Well Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (WDTC).

PubMed

Kendi A, Tuba Karagulle; Mudalegundi, Shwetha; Switchenko, Jeffrey; Lee, Daniel; Halkar, Raghuveer; Chen, Amy Y

2016-01-01

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography is suggested to have a role in detection of iodine negative recurrence in well differentiated thyroid cancer. The aim of this study is to identify role of different imaging modalities in the management of well differentiated thyroid cancer. We reviewed 900 well differentiated thyroid cancer patients after post-thyroidectomy who underwent recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone stimulated Sodium Iodide I 131 imaging. Out of 900 patients, 74 had positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Multivariate analysis was performed by controlling positron emission tomography/computed tomography, Sodium Iodide I 131 scan, neck ultrasonography, age, sex, primary tumor size, stage, histology, thyroglobulin. Patients were grouped according to results of Sodium Iodide I 131 scan and positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography was positive in 23 of 74 patients. The sensitivity for positron emission tomography was 11/11(100%), the specificity was 51/63 (81.0%), the positive predictive value was 11/23 (47.8%), and the negative predictive value was 51/51 (100%). The sensitivity for the neck ultrasonography was 4/8 (50%), the specificity was 53/60 (88.3%), positive predictive value was 4/11 (36.4%), and negative predictive value was 53/57 (93.0%). 50% of patients who had Sodium Iodide I 131 negative scan and positive positron emission tomography/computed tomography had a change in management. Thirty-six percent with positive neck ultrasonography had a change in management. Out of 11 recurrences, 6 had distant metastatic disease, and 5/11 had regional nodal disease. Neck ultrasonography showed nodal metastasis in 4/5 (80%). Positron emission tomography/computed tomography altered management in the presence of a high thyroglobulin level and a negative Sodium Iodide I 131 scan. Neck ultrasonography should be the first line of imaging with rising thyroglobulin levels. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography should be considered for cases with high thyroglobulin levels and normal neck ultrasonography to look for distant metastatic disease.

Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography–Computed Tomography in Disseminated Cryptococcosis

PubMed Central

Tripathy, Sarthak; Parida, Girish Kumar; Roy, Shambo Guha; Singhal, Abhinav; Mallick, Saumya Ranjan; Tripathi, Madhavi; Shamim, Shamim Ahmed

2017-01-01

Disseminated cryptococcosis without pulmonary involvement is a very rare phenomenon. Patterns of organ involvement in cryptococcosis resemble various other infective conditions as well as malignant conditions on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography. We present a case of a 43-year-old male patient who had disseminated cryptococcosis. The rarity of the case being noninvolvement of lungs and meninges and resembling more like lymphoma due to the diffuse involvement of the lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm. PMID:29142368

Clinical applications of cone beam computed tomography in endodontics: A comprehensive review.

PubMed

Cohenca, Nestor; Shemesh, Hagay

2015-09-01

The use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in endodontics has been extensively reported in the literature. Compared with the traditional spiral computed tomography, limited field of view (FOV) CBCT results in a fraction of the effective absorbed dose of radiation. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the application and advantages associated with advanced endodontic problems and complications, while reducing radiation exposure during complex endodontic procedures. The benefits of the added diagnostic information provided by intraoperative CBCT images in select cases justify the risk associated with the limited level of radiation exposure.

Tomographic aspects of penetrating thoracic trauma: injuries from firearms and other weapons

PubMed Central

de Melo, Alessandro Severo Alves; Moreira, Luiza Beatriz Melo; Pessoa, Fernanda Miraldi Clemente; Saint-Martin, Nara; Ancilotti Filho, Roger; Souza Jr., Arthur Soares; Marchiori, Edson

2017-01-01

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the various computed tomography findings in penetrating chest trauma, as well as to determine the frequency and extent of the lesions. Material and Methods We studied the computed tomography findings from 40 cases of penetrating thoracic trauma, of which 35 (85.8%) were gunshot wounds and 5 (14.2%) were caused by another type of weapon. Results Pulmonary lesions were found in 39 cases (97.5%), manifesting as contusions in 34 cases (85%), atelectasis in 8 (20%), lacerations in 1 (2.5%) and hematomas in 1 (2.5%). Hemothorax was seen in 31 cases (77.5%), and pneumothorax was seen in 22 cases (55%). Mediastinal lesions were observed in 8 cases (20%), including mediastinal hematoma in 3 cases (7.5%), hemopericardium in 3 (7.5%), and pneumomediastinum in 2 (5%). Diaphragmatic rupture was seen in 2 cases (5%). Conclusion In patients with penetrating thoracic trauma, computed tomography of the chest is an important tool for characterizing the affected organs and evaluating the path of injury, as well as the severity and extent of the lesions. The images obtained are also useful in estimating the risk of death and determining the best therapeutic approach. PMID:29307927

Unusual Asymptomatic Fluorodeoxyglucose Avid Pheochromocytoma in a Case of Myxoid Liposarcoma of the Extremity on 18-F Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-computed Tomography.

PubMed

Shivdasani, Divya; Singh, Natasha; Pereira, Melvika; Zade, Anand

2017-01-01

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors and arise either from soft tissue or from bone. Soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) initially metastasize to the lungs. Metastases to extrapulmonary sites such as liver, brain, and soft tissue distant from primary tumor usually develop later. However, cases with isolated adrenal metastasis without disseminated disease have been reported in literature. We present a case of primary myxoid liposarcoma of the lower limb, in which staging 18 -F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) scan detected a suspicious FDG avid adrenal lesion which eventually on resection was diagnosed as asymptomatic pheochromocytoma. Pheochromocytomas have been reported to demonstrate FDG uptake mimicking metastasis. Hence, while interpreting FDG PET-CT scans in the context of STSs, both the extrapulmonary metastatic potential of aggressive histological subtypes of sarcoma and rare possibility of FDG avid coexistent benign tumor should be taken into consideration.

Esophageal cancer associated with a sarcoid-like reaction and systemic sarcoidosis in lymph nodes: supportive findings of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography during neoadjuvant therapy.

PubMed

Kishino, Takayoshi; Okano, Keiichi; Ando, Yasuhisa; Suto, Hironobu; Asano, Eisuke; Oshima, Minoru; Fujiwara, Masao; Usuki, Hisashi; Kobara, Hideki; Masaki, Tsutomu; Ibuki, Emi; Kushida, Yoshio; Haba, Reiji; Suzuki, Yasuyuki

2018-06-25

In patients with esophageal cancer, differentiation between lymph node metastasis and lymphadenopathies from sarcoidosis or sarcoid-like reactions of lymph nodes is clinically important. Herein, we report two esophageal cancer cases with lymph node involvement of sarcoid-like reaction or sarcoidosis. One patient received chemotherapy and the other chemoradiotherapy as initial treatments. In both cases, [ 18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) was performed before and after chemo(radio)therapy. After the treatment, FDG uptake was not detected in the primary tumor, but it was slightly reduced in the hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes in both cases. These non-identical responses to chemo(radio)therapy suggest the presence of sarcoid-like reaction of lymph nodes associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Curative surgical resection was performed as treatment. These FDG-PET/CT findings may be helpful to distinguish between metastasis and sarcoidosis-associated lymphadenopathy in esophageal cancer.

Role of virtual bronchoscopy in children with a vegetable foreign body in the tracheobronchial tree.

PubMed

Behera, G; Tripathy, N; Maru, Y K; Mundra, R K; Gupta, Y; Lodha, M

2014-12-01

Multidetector computed tomography virtual bronchoscopy is a non-invasive diagnostic tool which provides a three-dimensional view of the tracheobronchial airway. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of virtual bronchoscopy in cases of vegetable foreign body aspiration in children. The medical records of patients with a history of foreign body aspiration from August 2006 to August 2010 were reviewed. Data were collected regarding their clinical presentation and chest X-ray, virtual bronchoscopy and rigid bronchoscopy findings. Cases of metallic and other non-vegetable foreign bodies were excluded from the analysis. Patients with multidetector computed tomography virtual bronchoscopy showing features of vegetable foreign body were included in the analysis. For each patient, virtual bronchoscopy findings were reviewed and compared with those of rigid bronchoscopy. A total of 60 patients; all children ranging from 1 month to 8 years of age, were included. The mean age at presentation was 2.01 years. Rigid bronchoscopy confirmed the results of multidetector computed tomography virtual bronchoscopy (i.e. presence of foreign body, site of lodgement, and size and shape) in 59 patients. In the remaining case, a vegetable foreign body identified by virtual bronchoscopy was revealed by rigid bronchoscopy to be a thick mucus plug. Thus, the positive predictive value of virtual bronchoscopy was 98.3 per cent. Multidetector computed tomography virtual bronchoscopy is a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for identifying radiolucent vegetable foreign bodies in the tracheobronchial tree. It can also provide a useful pre-operative road map for rigid bronchoscopy. Patients suspected of having an airway foreign body or chronic unexplained respiratory symptoms should undergo multidetector computed tomography virtual bronchoscopy to rule out a vegetable foreign body in the tracheobronchial tree and avoid general anaesthesia and invasive rigid bronchoscopy.

[The importance of axial computer tomography of the neurocranium in neurotraumatology (1) (author's transl)].

PubMed

Gustorf, R

1979-07-01

Computer tomography enables exact diagnostic clarification of intracranial lesions in trauma of the neurocranium. Subdural or epidural as well as intracerebral haemorrhages can be localised, and a circumscribed contusion and cerebral oedema become tangible. The article reports on 90 patients subjected to computerized tomography following trauma of the neurocranium. In about 50% of the cases, the trauma had been caused by a traffic accident. About 27% of the accident victims were children and adolescents. In about one-half of the examined persons, subdural or epidural haemorrhages were found, whereas in about 20% of the cases, contusions, partly with mild haemorrhages, were seen. In about 10% of the cases a more or less severe oedema was seen. About 20% of the patients yielded no abnormal finding by CT in accordance with the age of the patient.

Computed tomography diagnosis of a thoracic and abdominal penetrating foreign body in a dog

PubMed Central

Appleby, Ryan; zur Linden, Alex; Singh, Ameet; Finck, Cyrielle; Crawford, Evan

2015-01-01

A 1.5-year-old, spayed female, mixed-breed dog was presented for hemoabdomen associated with an abdominal mass. Upon presentation bicavitary effusion was diagnosed. A penetrating intra-abdominal wooden foreign body was identified using computed tomography. This case describes a thoracic penetrating wooden foreign body causing bicavitary effusion following migration into the retroperitoneal space. PMID:26538669

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of intraorbital granular cell tumor (Abrikossoff's tumor): a case report.

PubMed

Yuan, Wei-Hsin; Lin, Tai-Chi; Lirng, Jiing-Feng; Guo, Wan-You; Chang, Fu-Pang; Ho, Donald Ming-Tak

2016-05-13

Granular cell tumors are rare neoplasms which can occur in any part of the body. Granular cell tumors of the orbit account for only 3 % of all granular cell tumor cases. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit have proven useful for diagnosing orbital tumors. However, the rarity of intraorbital granular cell tumors poses a significant diagnostic challenge for both clinicians and radiologists. We report a case of a 37-year-old Chinese woman with a rare intraocular granular cell tumor of her right eye presenting with diplopia, proptosis, and restriction of ocular movement. Preoperative orbital computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging with contrast enhancement revealed an enhancing solid, ovoid, well-demarcated, retrobulbar nodule. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging features included an intraorbital tumor which was isointense relative to gray matter on T1-weighted imaging and hypointense on T2-weighted imaging. No diffusion restriction of water was noted on either axial diffusion-weighted images or apparent diffusion coefficient maps. Both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging features suggested an intraorbital hemangioma. However, postoperative pathology (together with immunohistochemistry) identified an intraorbital granular cell tumor. When intraorbital T2 hypointensity and free diffusion of water are observed on magnetic resonance imaging, a granular cell tumor should be included in the differential diagnosis of an intraocular tumor.

Vertebral pneumatocyst. A case report.

PubMed

Laufer, L; Schulman, H; Hertzanu, Y

1996-02-01

This study illustrates intraosseous pneumatocyst of the vertebral body, a benign lesion. To review the incidence and location of this benign lesion during a 1-year period. Intraosseous pneumatocyst is a rare benign condition, commonly seen in iliac bone or sacrum. The etiology of this entity is unclear. Other locations of these lesions are very rare, and only a few isolated cases are reported in the literature. In the last year (1994-1995), vertebral pneumatocyst was incidentally found in four patients who underwent computed tomography examination for presumptive discal lesion. Axial computed tomography with 2- and 4-mm slice thickness was performed. The typical computed tomography patterns of intraosseous pneumatocyst involving the cervical, dorsal, or lumbar spine were found. The bony structure and joints were normal. To the best of our knowledge, intraosseous pneumatocyst located in the spinal process has not been reported. Intraosseous pneumatocyst is a benign lesion. Biopsy and follow-up are unnecessary.

The value of computed tomography in myasthenia gravis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brown, L.R.; Muhm, J.R.; Sheedy, P.F. II

1983-01-01

In a 5 year study, 19 patients with myasthenia gravis were studied by computed tomography (CT) and underwent thymectomy. CT was accurate in detecting the nine true thymic masses but could not differentiate thymomas from nonthymomatous masses, including thymic cysts. No thymoma was found in a patient under 25 years of age. In one case, the 18 sec scanner could not differentiate a large gland from a thymoma. In eight cases, glands with histologic thymic hyperplasia and histologically normal thymus appeared to be similar and could not be differentiated by CT.

Early diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome by computed tomography and ultrasonography: report of five cases

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baert, A.L.; Fevery, J.; Marchal, G.

1983-03-01

In 5 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome, computed tomography after intravenous bolus injection of iodinated contrast agents demonstrated images not previously seen in other diseases. The images are compatible with stagnation of contrast material at the periphery of the liver. In 3 of the 5 cases, grey-scale ultrasonography failed to document the normal hepatic veins draining into the inferior caval vein, but showed an intrahepatic network of comma-shaped venous structures. It is proposed that these two noninvasive approaches can help in establishing an early diagnosis.

Emerging role of multi-detector computed tomography in the diagnosis of hematuria following percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A case scenario.

PubMed

Sivanandam, S E; Mathew, Georgie; Bhat, Sanjay H

2009-07-01

Persistent hematuria is one of the most dreaded complications following percutanous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Although invasive, a catheter-based angiogram is usually used to localize the bleeding vessel and subsequently embolize it. Advances in imaging technology have now made it possible to use a non invasive multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) angiogram with 3-D reconstruction to establish the diagnosis. We report a case of post-PCNL hemorrhage due to a pseudo aneurysm that was missed by a conventional angiogram and subsequently detected on MDCT angiogram.

Anterior spinal artery aneurysm in aortic stenosis of different etiology: Report of three cases.

PubMed

Singh, Vivek; Naik, Suprava; Bhoi, Sanjeev K; Phadke, R V

2017-04-01

Isolated aneurysms of spinal arteries are rare. Spinal artery aneurysms are commonly found in association with spinal cord arteriovenous malformation and coarctation of aorta and rarely with aortic arch interruption and Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Spinal angiograms are the gold standard for diagnosing these spinal artery aneurysms but with the advances in computed tomography technology these aneurysms can also be very well demonstrated in computed tomography angiograms. We describe three cases of anterior spinal artery aneurysm, those are flow related aneurysms, associated with coarctation of aorta and with Takayasu arteritis.

Cholangiocarcinoma associated with limbic encephalitis and early cerebral abnormalities detected by 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose integrated with computed tomography-positron emission tomography: a case report.

PubMed

Schmidt, Sergio L; Schmidt, Juliana J; Tolentino, Julio C; Ferreira, Carlos G; de Almeida, Sergio A; Alvarenga, Regina P; Simoes, Eunice N; Schmidt, Guilherme J; Canedo, Nathalie H S; Chimelli, Leila

2016-07-20

Limbic encephalitis was originally described as a rare clinical neuropathological entity involving seizures and neuropsychological disturbances. In this report, we describe cerebral patterns visualized by positron emission tomography in a patient with limbic encephalitis and cholangiocarcinoma. To our knowledge, there is no other description in the literature of cerebral positron emission tomography findings in the setting of limbic encephalitis and subsequent diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. We describe a case of a 77-year-old Caucasian man who exhibited persistent cognitive changes 2 years before his death. A cerebral scan obtained at that time by 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro- D -glucose integrated with computed tomography-positron emission tomography showed low radiotracer uptake in the frontal and temporal lobes. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis indicated the presence of voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies. Three months before the patient's death, a lymph node biopsy indicated a cholangiocarcinoma, and a new cerebral scan obtained by 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose integrated with computed tomography-positron emission tomography showed an increment in the severity of metabolic deficit in the frontal and parietal lobes, as well as hypometabolism involving the temporal lobes. Two months before the patient's death, cerebral metastases were detected on a contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan. Postmortem examination revealed a cholangiocarcinoma with multiple metastases including the lungs and lymph nodes. The patient's brain weighed 1300 g, and mild cortical atrophy, ex vacuo dilation of the ventricles, and mild focal thickening of the cerebellar leptomeninges, which were infiltrated by neoplastic epithelial cells, were observed. These findings support the need for continued vigilance in malignancy surveillance in patients with limbic encephalitis and early cerebral positron emission tomographic scan abnormalities. The difficulty in early diagnosis of small tumors, such as a cholangiocarcinoma, is discussed in the context of the clinical utility of early cerebral hypometabolism detected by 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose integrated with computed tomography-positron emission tomography in patients with rapidly progressive dementia.

PENETRATING OCULAR INJURY WITH RETAINED INTRAOCULAR FOREIGN BODY FROM DRYWALL.

PubMed

Syed, Reema; Kim, Sung-Hye; Palacio, Agustina; Nunery, William R; Schaal, Shlomit

2018-03-23

To present a case of open globe injury and retained intraocular foreign body secondary to drywall. Interventional case report. A 21-year-old man presented with corneal laceration, iris defect, and vitreous hemorrhage after hammering drywall. Computed tomography scan was negative for intraocular foreign body, but a drywall intraretinal foreign body was found on 25-gauge vitrectomy. Intraoperative findings and 6-month follow-up are presented. Intraocular foreign body must always be suspected in all cases of penetrating ocular trauma. Although magnetic resonance imaging is ideal in diagnosing nonmetallic foreign bodies, computed tomography scan with Hounsfield units should be used in an emergency setting.

Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in suspected lesions in the posterior cranial fossa.

PubMed Central

Teasdale, G. M.; Hadley, D. M.; Lawrence, A.; Bone, I.; Burton, H.; Grant, R.; Condon, B.; Macpherson, P.; Rowan, J.

1989-01-01

OBJECTIVE--To compare computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in investigating patients suspected of having a lesion in the posterior cranial fossa. DESIGN--Randomised allocation of newly referred patients to undergo either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging; the alternative investigation was performed subsequently only in response to a request from the referring doctor. SETTING--A regional neuroscience centre serving 2.7 million. PATIENTS--1020 Patients recruited between April 1986 and December 1987, all suspected by neurologists, neurosurgeons, or other specialists of having a lesion in the posterior fossa and referred for neuroradiology. The groups allocated to undergo computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging were well matched in distributions of age, sex, specialty of referring doctor, investigation as an inpatient or an outpatient, suspected site of lesion, and presumed disease process; the referring doctor's confidence in the initial clinical diagnosis was also similar. INTERVENTIONS--After the patients had been imaged by either computed tomography or magnetic resonance (using a resistive magnet of 0.15 T) doctors were given the radiologist's report and a form asking if they considered that imaging with the alternative technique was necessary and, if so, why; it also asked for their current diagnoses and their confidence in them. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Number of requests for the alternative method of investigation. Assessment of characteristics of patients for whom further imaging was requested and lesions that were suspected initially and how the results of the second imaging affected clinicians' and radiologists' opinions. RESULTS--Ninety three of the 501 patients who initially underwent computed tomography were referred subsequently for magnetic resonance imaging whereas only 28 of the 493 patients who initially underwent magnetic resonance imaging were referred subsequently for computed tomography. Over the study the number of patients referred for magnetic resonance imaging after computed tomography increased but requests for computed tomography after magnetic resonance imaging decreased. The reason that clinicians gave most commonly for requesting further imaging by magnetic resonance was that the results of the initial computed tomography failed to exclude their suspected diagnosis (64 patients). This was less common in patients investigated initially by magnetic resonance imaging (eight patients). Management of 28 patients (6%) imaged initially with computed tomography and 12 patients (2%) imaged initially with magnetic resonance was changed on the basis of the results of the alternative imaging. CONCLUSIONS--Magnetic resonance imaging provided doctors with the information required to manage patients suspected of having a lesion in the posterior fossa more commonly than computed tomography, but computed tomography alone was satisfactory in 80% of cases... PMID:2506965

Radiation-Induced Liver Injury Mimicking Metastatic Disease in a Patient With Esophageal Cancer: Correlation of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography With Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Literature Review.

PubMed

Rabe, Tiffany M; Yokoo, Takeshi; Meyer, Jeffrey; Kernstine, Kemp H; Wang, David; Khatri, Gaurav

2016-01-01

Post-radiation therapy evaluation of distal esophageal cancers with positron emission tomography/computed tomography can be problematic. Differentiation of recurrent neoplasm from postradiation changes is difficult in areas of fluorodeoxyglucose avidity in adjacent, incidentally irradiated organs. Few studies have described the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of radiation-induced hepatic injury. We report a case of focal radiation-induced liver injury with a new focus of fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on posttreatment positron emission tomography as well as masslike enhancement and signal abnormality on magnetic resonance imaging, thus mimicking new liver metastasis. Correlation with radiation planning images suggested the correct diagnosis, which was confirmed on follow-up imaging.

Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Dawn of A New Imaging Modality in Orthodontics

PubMed Central

Mamatha, J; Chaitra, K R; Paul, Renji K; George, Merin; Anitha, J; Khanna, Bharti

2015-01-01

Today, we are in a world of innovations, and there are various diagnostics aids that help to take a decision regarding treatment in a well-planned way. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been a vital tool for imaging diagnostic tool in orthodontics. This article reviews case reports during orthodontic treatment and importance of CBCT during the treatment evaluation. PMID:26225116

The Added Value of a Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography-Computed Tomography in Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping in Patients with Breast Cancer and Malignant Melanoma.

PubMed

Bennie, George; Vorster, Mariza; Buscombe, John; Sathekge, Mike

2015-01-01

Single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) allows for physiological and anatomical co-registration in sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping and offers additional benefits over conventional planar imaging. However, the clinical relevance when considering added costs and radiation burden of these reported benefits remains somewhat uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the possible added value of SPECT-CT and intra-operative gamma-probe use over planar imaging alone in the South African setting. 80 patients with breast cancer or malignant melanoma underwent both planar and SPECT-CT imaging for SLN mapping. We assessed and compared the number of nodes detected on each study, false positive and negative findings, changes in surgical approach and or patient management. In all cases where a sentinel node was identified, SPECT-CT was more accurate anatomically. There was a significant change in surgical approach in 30 cases - breast cancer (n = 13; P 0.001) and malignant melanoma (n = 17; P 0.0002). In 4 cases a node not identified on planar imaging was seen on SPECT-CT. In 16 cases additional echelon nodes were identified. False positives were excluded by SPECT-CT in 12 cases. The addition of SPECT-CT and use of intra-operative gamma-probe to planar imaging offers important benefits in patients who present with breast cancer and melanoma. These benefits include increased nodal detection, elimination of false positives and negatives and improved anatomical localization that ultimately aids and expedites surgical management. This has been demonstrated in the context of industrialized country previously and has now also been confirmed in the setting of a emerging-market nation.

Portal venous gas detected on computed tomography in emergency situations: surgery is still necessary.

PubMed

Monneuse, Olivier; Pilleul, Frank; Barth, Xavier; Gruner, Laurent; Allaouchiche, Bernard; Valette, Pierre-Jean; Tissot, E

2007-05-01

Portal venous gas (PVG) has been reported to be associated with lethal surgical diagnosis. Recent studies tend to confirm the clinical significance of gas in the portal vein; however, some patients are managed without surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to assess both the diagnoses and the treatment of patients with PVG in an emergency surgical setting. We performed a retrospective chart review of 15 patients with PVG in the emergency setting detected by computed tomography (CT) between July 1999 and July 2004. Characteristics assessed included age, sex, clinical presentation, first CT diagnosis of both PVG and the underlying pathology, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, surgical findings, final clinical diagnosis, duration of hospitalization, and evolution of the illness/mortality. All patients were examined one month after operation. This series of 5 women and 10 men ranged in age from 38 to 90 years at the time they underwent emergency surgical treatment. The mean preoperative ASA score was 4.20. Computed tomography diagnosed the underlying pathology in all cases: bowel obstruction (4 cases), bowel necrosis (9 cases), and diffuse peritonitis (2 cases). The mean length of hospital stay was 12.4 days. The mortality rate was 46.6%; (7 patients). A wide range of pathologies can generate PVG. Computed tomography can detect both the presence of gas and the underlying pathology. In emergency situations, all the diagnosed causal pathologies required a surgical procedure without delay. We report that the prognosis was related to the pathology itself and was not influenced by the presence of PVG.

Ischemic stroke enhancement in computed tomography scans using a computational approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alves, Allan F. F.; Pavan, Ana L. M.; Jennane, Rachid; Miranda, José R. A.; Freitas, Carlos C. M.; Abdala, Nitamar; Pina, Diana R.

2018-03-01

In this work, a novel approach was proposed to enhance the visual perception of ischemic stroke in computed tomography scans. Through different image processing techniques, we enabled less experienced physicians, to reliably detect early signs of stroke. A set of 40 retrospective CT scans of patients were used, divided into two groups: 25 cases of acute ischemic stroke and 15 normal cases used as control group. All cases were obtained within 4 hours of symptoms onset. Our approach was based on the variational decomposition model and three different segmentation methods. A test determined observers' performance to correctly diagnose stroke cases. The Expectation Maximization method provided the best results among all observers. The overall sensitivity of the observer's analysis was 64% and increased to 79%. The overall specificity was 67% and increased to 78%. These results show the importance of a computational tool to assist neuroradiology decisions, especially in critical situations such as the diagnosis of ischemic stroke.

Pediatric Lung Abscess: Immediate Diagnosis by Point-of-Care Ultrasound.

PubMed

Kraft, Clara; Lasure, Benjamin; Sharon, Melinda; Patel, Paulina; Minardi, Joseph

2018-06-01

The diagnosis of lung abscess can be difficult to make and often requires imaging beyond plain chest x-ray. The decision to further image with computed tomography should be weighed against the risks of radiation exposure, especially in pediatric patients. In addition, the cost and potential impact on length of stay from obtaining computed tomography scans should be considered. In this report, we describe a case of lung abscess made immediately using point-of-care ultrasound in the emergency department. To our knowledge, there are no previous cases describing lung abscess diagnosed by point-of-care ultrasound. This case report aims to describe a case of pediatric lung abscess, review the ultrasound findings, and discuss relevant literature on the topic.

18-F-FDG PET-CT in Monitoring of Chemotherapeutic Effect in a Case of Metastatic Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma

PubMed Central

Shamim, Shamim Ahmed; Tripathy, Sarthak; Mukherjee, Anirban; Bal, Chandrasekhar; Roy, Shambo Guha

2017-01-01

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare variant of mesenchymal tumor. Surgical resection or partial hepatectomy is the treatment of choice in the case of localized disease. However, in metastatic cases, chemotherapeutic drugs targeting the tyrosine kinase are being used. We hereby present 18-F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography findings in a case of a 35-year old woman with metastatic HEHE showing significant response to Sorafenib therapy after 6 months. PMID:28680215

18-F-FDG PET-CT in Monitoring of Chemotherapeutic Effect in a Case of Metastatic Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma.

PubMed

Shamim, Shamim Ahmed; Tripathy, Sarthak; Mukherjee, Anirban; Bal, Chandrasekhar; Roy, Shambo Guha

2017-01-01

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare variant of mesenchymal tumor. Surgical resection or partial hepatectomy is the treatment of choice in the case of localized disease. However, in metastatic cases, chemotherapeutic drugs targeting the tyrosine kinase are being used. We hereby present 18-F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography findings in a case of a 35-year old woman with metastatic HEHE showing significant response to Sorafenib therapy after 6 months.

Total variation-based neutron computed tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barnard, Richard C.; Bilheux, Hassina; Toops, Todd; Nafziger, Eric; Finney, Charles; Splitter, Derek; Archibald, Rick

2018-05-01

We perform the neutron computed tomography reconstruction problem via an inverse problem formulation with a total variation penalty. In the case of highly under-resolved angular measurements, the total variation penalty suppresses high-frequency artifacts which appear in filtered back projections. In order to efficiently compute solutions for this problem, we implement a variation of the split Bregman algorithm; due to the error-forgetting nature of the algorithm, the computational cost of updating can be significantly reduced via very inexact approximate linear solvers. We present the effectiveness of the algorithm in the significantly low-angular sampling case using synthetic test problems as well as data obtained from a high flux neutron source. The algorithm removes artifacts and can even roughly capture small features when an extremely low number of angles are used.

68Gallium-Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic Acid and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma of the Skull.

PubMed

Orunmuyi, Akintunde; Modiselle, Moshe; Lengana, Thabo; Ebenhan, Thomas; Vorster, Mariza; Sathekge, Mike

2017-09-01

We report the case of a 32 year-old male with Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma of the skull, which was imaged with both 18 [F]fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and 68 Gallium-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid ( 68 Ga-RGD) PET/CT. The 18 F-FDG PET/CT did not demonstrate the tumour, whereas the 68 Ga-RGD PET/CT clearly depicted a left-sided frontal tumour. 68 Ga-RGD PET/CT may be a clinically useful imaging modality for early detection of recurrent osteosarcoma, considering the limitations of 18 F-FDG PET in a setting of low glycolytic activity.

Use of multidetector-row computed tomography scan to detect pannus formation in prosthetic mechanical aortic valves.

PubMed

Aladmawi, Mohamed A; Pragliola, Claudio; Vriz, Olga; Galzerano, Domenico

2017-04-01

Obstruction of a mechanical aortic valve by pannus formation at the subvalvular level is a major long-term complication of aortic valve replacement (AVR). In fact, pannus is sometime difficult to differentiate from patient-prosthesis mismatch or valve thrombosis. In most cases cine-angiography and echocardiography, either transthoracic or transesophageal, cannot correctly visualize the complication when the leaflets show a normal mobility. Recent technological refinements made this difficult diagnosis possible by ECG-gated computed tomography (CT) scan which shows adequate images in 90% of the cases and can differentiate pannus from fresh and organized thrombus.

Cardiac metastases of Ewing sarcoma detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT.

PubMed

Coccia, Paola; Ruggiero, Antonio; Rufini, Vittoria; Maurizi, Palma; Attinà, Giorgio; Marano, Riccardo; Natale, Luigi; Leccisotti, Lucia; Calcagni, Maria L; Riccardi, Riccardo

2012-04-01

Positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used in the diagnostic evaluation and staging of different malignant tumors. The role of PET/computed tomographic scan in detecting distant metastases in the workup of Ewing sarcoma in children or young adults is less well defined. We report a case of a boy affected by a metastatic Ewing sarcoma with cardiac asymptomatic metastasis detected by F-FDG PET/computed tomography.

A case of adult dermatomyositis with calcinosis universalis.

PubMed

Jayanthi, Mohan Roop; Basher, Rajender Kumar; Bhadada, Sanjay Kumar; Bhattacharya, Anish; Mittal, Bhagwant Rai

2014-10-01

Calcinosis, although frequent in juvenile dermatomyositis is a rare finding in adults. It is more common in later phases of the disease, involving sites under chronic stress and trauma. We present a 52-year-old female patient of dermatomyositis who on single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography hybrid images showed exclusive subcutaneous fat calcinosis, also known as calcinosis universalis - a phenomenon that is only rarely reported in adult-onset dermatomyositis.

Ectopic Multinodular Goiter: Multidetector Computed Tomography Findings

PubMed Central

Karakaya, Afak Durur; Kantarci, Mecit; Yalcin, Ahmet; Demir, Berrin

2008-01-01

The thyroid is the first endocrine gland to form during embryogenesis. At this stage, incomplete or anomalous migration of thyroid tissue causes ectopic localization of the gland. In our case, a 55-year-old woman who was evaluated via ultrasonography (USG) and multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) had no thyroid gland at the normal location, but did have ectopic thyroid tissue in the left submandibular and submental regions. PMID:25610021

Potential risk of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor administration in prostate cancer external radiotherapy by exceptional rectal gas production: a case report.

PubMed

Nishimura, Takuya; Yamazaki, Hideya; Iwama, Kazuki; Oota, Yoshitaka; Aibe, Norihiro; Nakamura, Satoaki; Yoshida, Ken; Okabe, Haruumi; Yamada, Kei

2014-05-05

Radiotherapy is a standard treatment for prostate cancer, and image-guided radiotherapy is increasingly being used to aid precision of dose delivery to targeted tissues. However, precision during radiotherapy cannot be maintained when unexpected intrafraction organ motion occurs. We report our experience of internal organ motion caused by persistent gas production in a patient taking an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. A 68-year-old Japanese man with prostate cancer visited our institution for treatment with helical tomotherapy. He suffered from diabetes mellitus and took an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. Routine treatment planning computed tomography showed a large volume of rectal gas; an enema was given to void the rectum. Subsequent treatment planning computed tomography again showed a large volume of gas. After exercise (walking) to remove the intestinal gas, a third scan was performed as a test scan without tight fixation, which showed a sufficiently empty rectum for planning. However, after only a few minutes, treatment planning computed tomography again showed extreme accumulation of gas. Therefore, we postponed treatment planning computed tomography and consulted his doctor to suspend the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, which was the expected cause of his persistent gas. Four days after the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor regimen was suspended, we took a fourth treatment planning computed tomography and made a treatment plan without gas accumulation. Thereafter, the absence of rectal gas accumulation was confirmed using daily megavolt computed tomography before treatment, and the patient received 37 fractions of intensity-modified radiotherapy at 74 Gy without rectal gas complications. In this case study, the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor induced the accumulation of intestinal gas, which may have caused unexpected organ motion, untoward reactions, and insufficient doses to clinical targets. We suggest that patients who are taking an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor for diabetes should discontinue use of that particular medicine prior to beginning radiotherapy.

Melorheostosis associated with peripheral form spondyloarthropathy: new image with 18-fluoride positron emission tomoscintigraphy coupled to computed tomography

PubMed Central

Hassani, Hakim; Slama, Jérôme; Hayem, Gilles; Ben Ali, Khadija; Sarda-Mantel, Laure; Burg, Samuel; Le Guludec, Dominique

2012-01-01

Melorheostosis is a rare benign bone pathology which can be responsible for incapacitating pain and bone deformations. Its imaging abnormalities are often typical. We describe here the case of a patient with melorheostosis involving the lower limbs, associated with a peripheral form of inflammatory spondyloarthropathy, who underwent 18FNa positron emission tomography coupled to a computed tomography scan. Our objective is to present this new image, to show the value of this new modality and emphasize its advantages compared to the 99mTechnetium bone scan. PMID:27790007

Computed tomography of lobar collapse: 2. Collapse in the absence of endobronchial obstruction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Naidich, D.P.; McCauley, D.I.; Khouri, N.F.

1983-10-01

The computed tomographic appearance of collapse without endobronchial obstruction is reviewed. These 57 cases were classified by the etiology of collapse. The largest group consisted of 29 patients with passive atelectasis, i.e., collapse secondary to fluid, air, or both in the pleural space. Twenty-three of 29 proved secondary to malignant pleural disease. Computed tomography accurately predicted a malignant etiology in 22 of 23 cases. The second largest group of patients had lobar collapse secondary to cicatrization from chronic inflammation. In all cases the underlying etiology was tuberculosis. Radiation caused adhesive atelectasis in six patients secondary to a lack of productionmore » of surfactant. In each case a sharp line of demarcation could be defined between normal and abnormal collapsed pulmonary parenchyma. Three cases of unchecked tumor growth caused a peripheral form of collapse (replacement atelectasis). This form of collapse was characterized by an absence of endobronchial obstruction and extensive tumor not delineated by the normal boundaries of the pulmonary lobes.« less

Stress Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: A New Topic in Cardiology.

PubMed

Seitun, Sara; Castiglione Morelli, Margherita; Budaj, Irilda; Boccalini, Sara; Galletto Pregliasco, Athena; Valbusa, Alberto; Cademartiri, Filippo; Ferro, Carlo

2016-02-01

Since its introduction about 15 years ago, coronary computed tomography angiography has become today the most accurate clinical instrument for noninvasive assessment of coronary atherosclerosis. Important technical developments have led to a continuous stream of new clinical applications together with a significant reduction in radiation dose exposure. Latest generation computed tomography scanners (≥ 64 slices) allow the possibility of performing static or dynamic perfusion imaging during stress by using coronary vasodilator agents (adenosine, dipyridamole, or regadenoson), combining both functional and anatomical information in the same examination. In this article, the emerging role and state-of-the-art of myocardial computed tomography perfusion imaging are reviewed and are illustrated by clinical cases from our experience with a second-generation dual-source 128-slice scanner (Somatom Definition Flash, Siemens; Erlangen, Germany). Technical aspects, data analysis, diagnostic accuracy, radiation dose and future prospects are reviewed. Copyright © 2015 Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Relative value of computed tomography scanning and venous sampling in establishing the cause of primary hyperaldosteronism.

PubMed

Sheaves, R; Goldin, J; Reznek, R H; Chew, S L; Dacie, J E; Lowe, D G; Ross, R J; Wass, J A; Besser, G M; Grossman, A B

1996-03-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative merits of the postural stimulation test, adrenal computed tomography (CT) and venous sampling in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with primary hyperaldosteronism. The records of 20 patients presenting with primary hyperaldosteronism were reviewed retrospectively. There were 15 patients with a unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), four patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) and one patient with primary adrenal hyperplasia (PAH). The postural stimulation test was based on measurements of plasma aldosterone and renin activity at 08.00 h and at noon after 4 h of ambulation. The CT scans of the adrenals were reviewed by a single radiologist. Bilateral venous sampling of adrenal veins was attempted in all patients and blood collected for aldosterone and cortisol assay. Plasma aldosterone concentration increased after 4 h of standing in all cases of hyperplasia but was also demonstrated in 10/15 patients with a surgically-proven APA. If one defines a significant postural rise as being greater than 30%, then 8/15 patients with APA can be considered as being posturally responsive. Computed tomography scanning correctly identified all 15 cases of APA and also classified correctly the remaining five cases of hyperplasia (four cases of IHA and one case of PAH). Venous sampling failed technically in 4/15 cases of APA and in one case of IHA: a total of 5/20 (25%,). A correct diagnosis of APA or IHA was established in all the remaining cases. However, the one case of PAH was treated successfully by adrenalectomy following venous sampling, which suggested a unilateral adrenal lesion: this one result was the only instance where venous sampling altered clinical decision-making. Computed tomography scanning may be used alone to confirm the cause of hyperaldosteronism where postural studies suggest an adrenal adenoma, and such patients may be considered for early surgery. Venous catheterization studies are not necessary routinely. but may still be useful in selected patients, particularly when CT scanning shows no clear lesion.

A case of adult dermatomyositis with calcinosis universalis

PubMed Central

Jayanthi, Mohan Roop; Basher, Rajender Kumar; Bhadada, Sanjay Kumar; Bhattacharya, Anish; Mittal, Bhagwant Rai

2014-01-01

Calcinosis, although frequent in juvenile dermatomyositis is a rare finding in adults. It is more common in later phases of the disease, involving sites under chronic stress and trauma. We present a 52-year-old female patient of dermatomyositis who on single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography hybrid images showed exclusive subcutaneous fat calcinosis, also known as calcinosis universalis - a phenomenon that is only rarely reported in adult-onset dermatomyositis. PMID:25400376

Management of geminated maxillary lateral incisor using cone beam computed tomography as a diagnostic tool.

PubMed

James, Elizabeth Prabha; Johns, Dexton Antony; Johnson, Ki; Maroli, Ramesh Kumar

2014-05-01

Geminated teeth are consequences of developmental anomalies leading to joined elements, due to incomplete attempt of one tooth germ to divide into two. This case report describes successful endodontic treatment of an unaesthetic geminated permanent maxillary lateral incisor tooth and its esthetic rehabilitation using all ceramic crowns. Newer imaging technique like cone beam computed tomography was taken for the better understanding of the complicated root canal morphology.

Usefulness and limitations of postmortem computed tomography in forensic analysis of gunshot injuries: Three case reports.

PubMed

Usui, Akihito; Kawasumi, Yusuke; Hosokai, Yoshiyuki; Kozakai, Masataka; Saito, Haruo; Funayama, Masato

2016-01-01

Gunshot injury has always been an important field of investigation in postmortem forensic radiology. The localization and retrieval of the bullet and of potentially important fragments are vital to these cases. Using postmortem multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) prior to forensic autopsy, we sought to illustrate the importance of this modality in the noninvasive characterization of gunshot wounds. We obtained and analyzed MDCT images in three cases of gunshot wounds (accidental close-range shotgun shooting, suicidal contact gunshot to the head and accidental long-range buckshot shooting). We discuss the value of postmortem MDCT findings in gunshot wound cases by comparing with forensic autopsy findings in Japan, a developing country with miserably low autopsy rate. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Endodontic Management of Maxillary First Molar With Two Palatal Canals Aided With Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Case Report.

PubMed

Pamboo, Jaya; Hans, Manoj Kumar; Chander, Subhas; Sharma, Kapil

2017-04-01

The success of endodontic therapy is based on having sufficient endodontic access, correct cleaning and shaping, and adequate root canal obturation. However, endodontic treatment is also dependent on having a sound knowledge of the internal anatomy of human teeth, especially when anatomic variations are present. Reporting these alterations is important for improving the understanding and expertise of endodontists. The aim of this case report is to describe a unique case of maxillary first molar with 2 palatal canals within a single root, as confirmed by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. This article also reviews recent case reports of extra palatal root canals in the maxillary first molars and the role of CBCT analysis in successfully diagnosing them.

[CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN DIAGNOSTICS OF ODONTOGENIC MAXILLARY SINUSITIS (CASE REPORTS)].

PubMed

Demidova, E; Khurdzidze, G

2017-06-01

Diagnostic studies performed by cone beam computed tomography Morita 3D made possible to obtain high resolution images of hard tissues of upper jawbone and maxillary sinus, to detect bony tissue defects, such as odontogenic cysts, cystogranulomas and granulomas. High-resolution and three dimensional tomographic image reconstructions allowed for optimal and prompt determination of the scope of surgical treatment and planning of effective conservative treatment regimen. Interactive diagnostics helped to estimate cosmetic and functional results of surgical treatment, to prevent the occurrence of surgical complications, and to evaluate the efficacy of conservative treatment. The obtained data contributed to determination of particular applications of cone beam computed tomography in the diagnosis of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, detection of specific defects with cone beam tomography as the most informative method of diagnosis; as well as to determination of weak and strong sides, and helped to offer mechanisms of x-ray diagnostics to dental surgeons and ENT specialists.

Magnetic resonance and computed tomographic features of 4 cases of canine congenital thoracic vertebral anomalies

PubMed Central

Berlanda, Michele; Zotti, Alessandro; Brandazza, Giada; Poser, Helen; Calò, Pietro; Bernardini, Marco

2011-01-01

Magnetic resonance and computed tomography features of 4 cases of canine congenital vertebral anomalies (CVAs) are discussed. Two of the cases represent unusual presentations for such anomalies that commonly affect screw-tail or toy breeds. Moreover, the combination of CVAs and a congenital peritoneo-pericardial diaphragmatic hernia has never before been imaged. PMID:22654139

High-Grade Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma in the Cecum: A Case Report

PubMed Central

Shin, Sang Ho; Jung, Sung Hee; Jang, Ji Woong; Kang, Min Seok; Kim, Sang Il; Kim, Ji Hye; Lee, Jun Ho

2017-01-01

Gastrointestinal neoplasms with an exocrine and a neuroendocrine component are rare. Such neoplasms are called “mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas” (MANECs) according to the most recent World Health Organization classification of gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. MANECs have no specific findings that distinguish them from pure adenocarcinomas. In addition, the optimal management strategy of MANECs is largely unknown. We describe the case of a 32-year-old man with dizziness and abdominal bloating. A cecal mass was suspected based on an image study done at a local clinic. We evaluated the cecal mass by using colonoscopy, contrast enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen, positron emission tomography-computed tomography, and laboratory studies. The patient underwent a right hemicolectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. The final histopathological diagnosis was a high-grade MANEC of the ascending colon, tumor stage T3N2M0. PMID:28289663

False-Positive Cases of Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomographic Scans in Metastasis of Esophageal Cancer

PubMed Central

Yamatsuji, Tomoki; Ishida, Naomasa; Takaoka, Munenori; Hayashi, Jiro; Yoshida, Kazuhiro; Shigemitsu, Kaori; Urakami, Atsushi; Haisa, Minoru; Naomoto, Yoshio

2017-01-01

Of 129 esophagectomies at our institute from June 2010 to March 2015, we experienced three preoperative positron emission tomography-computed tomographic (PET/CT) false positives. Bone metastasis was originally suspected in 2 cases, but they were later found to be bone metastasis negative after a preoperative bone biopsy and clinical course observation. The other cases suspected of mediastinal lymph node metastasis were diagnosed as inflammatory lymphadenopathy by a pathological examination of the removed lymph nodes. Conducting a PET/CT is useful when diagnosing esophageal cancer metastasis, but we need to be aware of the possibility of false positives. Therapeutic decisions should be made based on appropriate and accurate diagnoses, with pathological diagnosis actively introduced if necessary. PMID:28469502

[Pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis: a case report with high-resolution computed tomography findings].

PubMed

Armas, M; Ruivo, C; Alves, R; Gonçalves, M; Teixeira, L

2012-01-01

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis which is endemic in rural areas of Latin America, an important European source of immigrants and a growing European touristic destination as well, with most cases occurring in Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela and Colombia. The authors report a case of a 43 year old man who previously worked in Venezuela and is living in Portugal for 8 years, presenting with a single cutaneous lesion. Despite the absence of valuable respiratory complaints, severe lung damage was found with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Biopsy of the cutaneous lesion and mycologic sputum examination were performed revealing Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection. Copyright © 2011 Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

Review of Extraskeletal Activity on Tc-99m Methylene Diphosphonate Bone Scintigraphy and Value of Cross-Sectional and SPECT-CT Imaging Correlation.

PubMed

Bermo, Mohammed; Behnia, Sanaz; Fair, Joanna; Miyaoka, Robert S; Elojeimy, Saeed

2017-07-31

Recognizing the different mechanisms and imaging appearance of extraskeletal Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate uptake enhances the diagnostic value of bone scan interpretation. In this article, we present a pictorial review of the different mechanisms of extraskeletal Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate uptake on bone scintigraphy including neoplastic, inflammatory, ischemic, traumatic, excretory, and iatrogenic. We also illustrate through case examples the added value of correlation with cross-sectional and single photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography imaging in localizing and characterizing challenging cases of extraskeletal uptake. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Multidetector computed tomography findings of central bronchopleural fistulas as sequelae of tuberculosis, chemo radiation and trauma: A report of three cases

PubMed Central

Yuksekkaya, Ruken; Ozturk, Banu; Celikyay, Fatih; Sade, Recep; Kupeli, Mustafa; Yeginsu, Ali

2013-01-01

A bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is defined as a direct pathway between the bronchial tree or lung parenchyma and the pleural space. Herein, we describe the clinical findings and imaging results of BPFs in three cases. The patients' medical histories revealed that the first had recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis, the second had small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and had previously undergone chemoradiotherapy, and the third had trauma. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) showed clear communication between the airways and pleural spaces which was sufficient for a proper diagnosis without performing a bronchoscopy. PMID:26029624

Use of multidetector-row computed tomography scan to detect pannus formation in prosthetic mechanical aortic valves

PubMed Central

Aladmawi, Mohamed A.; Vriz, Olga; Galzerano, Domenico

2017-01-01

Obstruction of a mechanical aortic valve by pannus formation at the subvalvular level is a major long-term complication of aortic valve replacement (AVR). In fact, pannus is sometime difficult to differentiate from patient-prosthesis mismatch or valve thrombosis. In most cases cine-angiography and echocardiography, either transthoracic or transesophageal, cannot correctly visualize the complication when the leaflets show a normal mobility. Recent technological refinements made this difficult diagnosis possible by ECG-gated computed tomography (CT) scan which shows adequate images in 90% of the cases and can differentiate pannus from fresh and organized thrombus. PMID:28540078

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and computed tomography findings of granulomatosis with polyangiitis presenting with multiple intrarenal microaneurysms: A case report.

PubMed

Kim, Youe Ree; Lee, Young Hwan; Lee, Jong-Ho; Yoon, Kwon-Ha

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a systemic disorder that affects small- and medium- sized vessels in many organs. Although the kidneys are the second most commonly involved organ in patients with GPA, its manifestation as multiple intrarenal aneurysms is rare. We report an unusual manifestation of GPA with multiple intrarenal microaneurysms, as demonstrated by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and computed tomography. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The use of cone beam computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of internal root resorption associated with chronic apical periodontitis: a case report.

PubMed

Perlea, Paula; Nistor, Cristina Coralia; Iliescu, Mihaela Georgiana; Iliescu, Alexandru Andrei

2015-01-01

Internal root resorption is a consequence of chronic pulp inflammation. Later on, the pulp necrosis followed by a chronic apical periodontitis is installed. Hence, usually, in clinical practice, both lesions have to be simultaneously managed. Conventional periapical radiograph is mandatory in diagnosis. Improving the diagnosis and management of both lesions, cone beam computed tomography proves to be more reliable than conventional radiography.

Pulmonary lobar volumetry using novel volumetric computer-aided diagnosis and computed tomography

PubMed Central

Iwano, Shingo; Kitano, Mariko; Matsuo, Keiji; Kawakami, Kenichi; Koike, Wataru; Kishimoto, Mariko; Inoue, Tsutomu; Li, Yuanzhong; Naganawa, Shinji

2013-01-01

OBJECTIVES To compare the accuracy of pulmonary lobar volumetry using the conventional number of segments method and novel volumetric computer-aided diagnosis using 3D computed tomography images. METHODS We acquired 50 consecutive preoperative 3D computed tomography examinations for lung tumours reconstructed at 1-mm slice thicknesses. We calculated the lobar volume and the emphysematous lobar volume < −950 HU of each lobe using (i) the slice-by-slice method (reference standard), (ii) number of segments method, and (iii) semi-automatic and (iv) automatic computer-aided diagnosis. We determined Pearson correlation coefficients between the reference standard and the three other methods for lobar volumes and emphysematous lobar volumes. We also compared the relative errors among the three measurement methods. RESULTS Both semi-automatic and automatic computer-aided diagnosis results were more strongly correlated with the reference standard than the number of segments method. The correlation coefficients for automatic computer-aided diagnosis were slightly lower than those for semi-automatic computer-aided diagnosis because there was one outlier among 50 cases (2%) in the right upper lobe and two outliers among 50 cases (4%) in the other lobes. The number of segments method relative error was significantly greater than those for semi-automatic and automatic computer-aided diagnosis (P < 0.001). The computational time for automatic computer-aided diagnosis was 1/2 to 2/3 than that of semi-automatic computer-aided diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS A novel lobar volumetry computer-aided diagnosis system could more precisely measure lobar volumes than the conventional number of segments method. Because semi-automatic computer-aided diagnosis and automatic computer-aided diagnosis were complementary, in clinical use, it would be more practical to first measure volumes by automatic computer-aided diagnosis, and then use semi-automatic measurements if automatic computer-aided diagnosis failed. PMID:23526418

Correlation of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and clinical outcome in acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

PubMed

Ozcan, Namik; Ozcam, Giray; Kosar, Pinar; Ozcan, Ayse; Basar, Hulya; Kaymak, Cetin

2016-01-01

Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas for humans and is still a silent killer in both developed and developing countries. The aim of this case series was to evaluate early radiological images as a predictor of subsequent neuropsychological sequelae, following carbon monoxide poisoning. After carbon monoxide exposure, early computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a 52-year-old woman showed bilateral lesions in the globus pallidus. This patient was discharged and followed for 90 days. The patient recovered without any neurological sequela. In a 58-year-old woman exposed to carbon monoxide, computed tomography showed lesions in bilateral globus pallidus and periventricular white matter. Early magnetic resonance imaging revealed changes similar to that like in early tomography images. The patient recovered and was discharged from hospital. On the 27th day of exposure, the patient developed disorientation and memory impairment. Late magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse hyperintensity in the cerebral white matter. White matter lesions which progress to demyelination and end up in neuropsychological sequelae cannot always be diagnosed by early computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in carbon monoxide poisoning. Copyright © 2014 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Use of Noncontrast Computed Tomography and Computed Tomographic Perfusion in Predicting Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Intravenous Alteplase Therapy.

PubMed

Batchelor, Connor; Pordeli, Pooneh; d'Esterre, Christopher D; Najm, Mohamed; Al-Ajlan, Fahad S; Boesen, Mari E; McDougall, Connor; Hur, Lisa; Fainardi, Enrico; Shankar, Jai Jai Shiva; Rubiera, Marta; Khaw, Alexander V; Hill, Michael D; Demchuk, Andrew M; Sajobi, Tolulope T; Goyal, Mayank; Lee, Ting-Yim; Aviv, Richard I; Menon, Bijoy K

2017-06-01

Intracerebral hemorrhage is a feared complication of intravenous alteplase therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We explore the use of multimodal computed tomography in predicting this complication. All patients were administered intravenous alteplase with/without intra-arterial therapy. An age- and sex-matched case-control design with classic and conditional logistic regression techniques was chosen for analyses. Outcome was parenchymal hemorrhage on 24- to 48-hour imaging. Exposure variables were imaging (noncontrast computed tomography hypoattenuation degree, relative volume of very low cerebral blood volume, relative volume of cerebral blood flow ≤7 mL/min·per 100 g, relative volume of T max ≥16 s with all volumes standardized to z axis coverage, mean permeability surface area product values within T max ≥8 s volume, and mean permeability surface area product values within ipsilesional hemisphere) and clinical variables (NIHSS [National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale], onset to imaging time, baseline systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, serum creatinine, treatment type, and reperfusion status). One-hundred eighteen subjects (22 patients with parenchymal hemorrhage versus 96 without, median baseline NIHSS score of 15) were included in the final analysis. In multivariable regression, noncontrast computed tomography hypoattenuation grade ( P <0.006) and computerized tomography perfusion white matter relative volume of very low cerebral blood volume ( P =0.04) were the only significant variables associated with parenchymal hemorrhage on follow-up imaging (area under the curve, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.83). Interrater reliability for noncontrast computed tomography hypoattenuation grade was moderate (κ=0.6). Baseline hypoattenuation on noncontrast computed tomography and very low cerebral blood volume on computerized tomography perfusion are associated with development of parenchymal hemorrhage in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous alteplase. © 2017 American Heart Association, Inc.

Micro computed tomography features of laryngeal fractures in a case of fatal manual strangulation.

PubMed

Fais, Paolo; Giraudo, Chiara; Viero, Alessia; Miotto, Diego; Bortolotti, Federica; Tagliaro, Franco; Montisci, Massimo; Cecchetto, Giovanni

2016-01-01

Cases of subtle fatal neck compression are often complicated by the lack of specificity of the post-mortem signs of asphyxia and by the lack of clear signs of neck compression. Herein we present a forensic case of a 45-year-old schizophrenic patient found on the floor of the bedroom of a psychiatric ward in cardiopulmonary arrest and who died after two days in a vegetative state. The deposition of the roommate of the deceased, who claimed responsibility for the killing of the victim by neck compression, was considered unreliable by the prosecutor. Autopsy, toxicological analyses, and multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT), micro computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology of the larynx complex were performed. Particularly, micro-CT analysis of the thyroid cartilage revealed the bilateral presence of ossified triticeous cartilages and the complete fragmentation of the right superior horn of the thyroid, but it additionally demonstrated a fracture on the contralateral superior horns, which was not clearly diagnosable at MSCT. On the basis of the evidence of intracartilaginous laryngeal hemorrhages and bilateral microfracture at the base of the superior horns of the larynx, the death was classified as a case of asphyxia due to manual strangulation. Micro-CT was confirmed as a useful tool in cases of subtle fatal neck compression, for the detection of minute laryngeal cartilage fractures, especially in complex cases with equivocal findings on MSCT. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Extreme hydronephrosis due to uretropelvic junction obstruction in infant (case report).

PubMed

Krzemień, Grażyna; Szmigielska, Agnieszka; Bombiński, Przemysław; Barczuk, Marzena; Biejat, Agnieszka; Warchoł, Stanisław; Dudek-Warchoł, Teresa

2016-01-01

Hydronephrosis is the one of the most common congenital abnormalities of urinary tract. The left kidney is more commonly affected than the right side and is more common in males. To determine the role of ultrasonography, renal dynamic scintigraphy and lowerdose computed tomography urography in preoperative diagnostic workup of infant with extreme hydronephrosis. We presented the boy with antenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis. In serial, postnatal ultrasonography, renal scintigraphy and computed tomography urography we observed slightly declining function in the dilated kidney and increasing pelvic dilatation. Pyeloplasty was performed at the age of four months with good result. Results of ultrasonography and renal dynamic scintigraphy in child with extreme hydronephrosis can be difficult to asses, therefore before the surgical procedure a lower-dose computed tomography urography should be performed.

Paraganglioma of the vagina: a case report and review of the literature

PubMed Central

Cai, Tao; Li, Yucong; Jiang, Qingming; Wang, Dong; Huang, Yu

2014-01-01

Vaginal paraganglioma is a rare and unusual tumor occurring in the vaginal wall. It is a solitary primary paraganglioma, especially in atypical sites. Herein, we report an unusual case of a 17-year-old woman who had not experienced vomiting, or hypertension. She was found to have an immobile solid mass in the right side of her vaginal wall. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans revealed a well-defined solid ovoid mass adjacent to the bladder and pelvic floor. Tumor markers were within the normal range. A transient blood pressure increase occurred during the biopsy. After oral administration of antihypertensive drugs, surgery was performed to completely remove the mass. Histopathological examination indicated that it was a paraganglioma of the vagina. Repeat computed tomography examination did not reveal any local recurrence or distant metastasis during the 12-month follow-up period. PMID:24959083

Computed tomography imaging of a leopard tortoise (Geochelone pardalis pardalis) with confirmed pulmonary fibrosis: a case report

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

An approximately 20-year-old, female Leopard tortoise (Geochelone pardalis pardalis) was presented with dypsnea, wheezing, anorexia and depression. Whole body radiographs revealed generalized diffuse unstructured ‘interstitial lung pattern’ with thickened pulmonary septae while computed tomography (CT) showed emphysematous lung parenchyma and thickened pulmonary septae bordered by irregular ground-glass opacity with smaller areas of ‘honeycombing’. These imaging findings together with histopathologic findings were compatible with chronic, extensive ‘interstitial’ pulmonary fibrosis. PMID:23618386

Computed tomography findings mimicking appendicitis as a manifestation of colorectal cancer☆

PubMed Central

Watchorn, Richard E.; Poder, Liina; Wang, Zhen J.; Yeh, Benjamin M.; Webb, Emily M.; Coakley, Fergus V.

2009-01-01

The primary computed tomography (CT) signs of appendicitis can also be seen with other inflammatory or neoplastic processes. We report on two cases in which appendiceal dilatation and peri-appendiceal fluid or stranding were the dominant imaging manifestations of colorectal carcinoma in the ascending colon. This study highlights the need to closely examine the ascending colon in patients with a suspected CT diagnosis of acute appendicitis, since these findings may be secondary to an inconspicuous colorectal carcinoma. PMID:19857802

Bochdalek hernia presenting with initial local fat infiltration of the thoracic cavity in a leukemic child.

PubMed

Kang, Zhen; Min, Xiangde; Wang, Liang

2017-03-01

Local fat infiltration of the thoracic cavity is a rare initial presentation of Bochdalek hernia. We report a case of Bochdalek hernia in a child with leukemia that demonstrated initial local fat infiltration of the thoracic cavity on computed tomography scan and progressed to an obvious diaphragmatic hernia on subsequent follow-up. We suggest that initial local fat infiltration of the thoracic cavity on computed tomography scan may indicate a potential diaphragmatic hernia.

Cardiac computed tomography of an asymptomatic 48-year-old woman with ALCAPA syndrome.

PubMed

Sajjadieh Khajouei, Amirreza; Samie-Nasab, Mohammadreza; Behjati, Mohaddeseh; Biederman, Robert W

2016-12-01

Untreated ALCAPA cases most often die in infancy. Adults with untreated ALCAPA commonly present with mitral regurgitation, severe left ventricular dysfunction, and sometimes myocardial infarction. Herein, we present an asymptomatic adult female with ALCAPA recognized through cardiac computed tomography (CT). In ALCAPA, like other coronary anomalies, cardiac CT is often instrumental in providing unique noninvasive and clinically relevant evaluation. Herein, we present an atypical presentation of an asymptomatic middle-aged adult female with ALCAPA. © 2016, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Radiological features of primitive neuroectodermal tumors in intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal regions: A series of 18 cases

PubMed Central

Zhang, Youming; Xiao, Desheng; Yin, Hongling; Long, Xueying; Li, Li; Zai, Hongyan; Chen, Minfeng; Li, Wenzheng; Sun, Lunquan

2017-01-01

Objectives To characterize the imaging and clinicopathological features of primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) arising in intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal regions. Methods Eighteen patients with histopathologically proven intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal PNET were enrolled; computed tomography was performed for all cases, and magnetic resonance imaging was performed for a single case. Typical computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings, including morphology, texture and enhancement features, as well as clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis data were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of eighteen PNET patients, fifteen were male and three were female, with a median age of 36 years (range, 2–65 years). The onset of symptoms was most often nonspecific and insidious. The mean tumor diameter was 7.2 cm (range, 3.0–12.1 cm), with necrosis in fifteen cases, cystic changes in eight, partition structure in five, calcification in five, hemorrhage in two, and mural nodules in one. Contrast enhanced computed tomography showed multiple tiny feeding arteries within the masses in six cases, resulting in a crab-like appearance, and mild ring enhancement pattern in five cases. Eleven cases showed surrounding invasion and metastasis. Of the eighteen PNET cases, nine cases showed smooth, well-defined margins, and nine cases had irregular, ill-defined margins. A median survival was 10.0±1.6 months. However, chemotherapy had efficacy on patients even those with advanced disease. Conclusions Primary intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal PNETs are rare, and imaging features documented here may help the diagnosis of this severe disease. Notably, two signs present in retroperitoneal PNET tumors, including a mild ring enhancement pattern and a crab-like appearance of the tiny feeding arteries, may have the potential to help us improve the ability to make a relatively reliable diagnosis. PMID:28319177

Renal vein thrombosis mimicking urinary calculus: a dilemma of diagnosis.

PubMed

Wang, Yimin; Chen, Shanwen; Wang, Wei; Liu, Jianyong; Jin, Baiye

2015-07-02

Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) with flank pain, and hematuria, is often mistaken with renal colic originating from ureteric or renal calculus. Especially in young and otherwise healthy patients, clinicians are easily misled by clinical presentation and calcified RVT. A 38-year-old woman presented with flank pain and hematuria suggestive of renal calculus on ultrasound. She underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy that failed, leading to the recommendation that percutaneous lithotomy was necessary to remove the renal calculus. In preoperative view of the unusual shape of the calculus without hydronephrosis, noncontrast computed tomography was taken and demonstrated left ureteric calculus. However computed tomography angiography revealed, to our surprise, a calcified RVT that was initially thought to be a urinary calculus. This case shows that a calcified RVT might mimic a urinary calculus on conventional ultrasonography and ureteric calculus on noncontrast computed tomography. Subsequent computed tomography angiography disclosed that a calcified RVT caused the imaging findings, thus creating a potentially dangerous clinical pitfall. Hence, it is suggested that the possibility of a RVT needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis whenever one detects an uncommon shape for a urinary calculus.

Inflammatory Pseudotumor-Like Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of the Spleen: Computed Tomography Imaging Characteristics in 5 Patients.

PubMed

Li, Xiumei; Shi, Zhenshan; You, Ruixiong; Li, Yueming; Cao, Dairong; Lin, Renjie; Huang, Xinming

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review the computed tomography (CT) and clinicopathological characteristics of inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT)-like follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) of the spleen in 5 patients. Clinical, pathologic, and CT imaging findings of 5 patients with IPT-like FDCS of the spleen were reviewed and analyzed. Computed tomography imaging and pathologic features were compared. Abdominal unenhanced CT revealed a well-defined hypodense mass in the spleen with complex internal architecture with focal necrosis and/or speckle-strip calcification. On postcontrast CT, slightly delayed enhancement was observed in 5 cases. Four patients had a normalized spleen. The fourth patient had lung metastasis. The fifth patient had 2 relatively small lesions as well as metastases to the spine. Computed tomography imaging features of IPT-like FDCS of the spleen are distinctly different from other hypovascular splenic neoplasm; however, the definitive diagnosis requires further confirmation with needle biopsy or surgery. Inflammatory pseudotumor-like FDCS of the spleen should be suggested by using the CT imaging features of the splenic mass with evidence of metastatic disease.

Computed tomography of calcaneal fractures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Heger, L.; Wulff, K.; Seddiqi, M.S.A.

1985-07-01

Computed tomography (CT) of 25 fractured calcanei was performed to investigate the potential of CT in evaluating the pattern and biomechanics of these fractures. The characteristic findings of typical fractures are presented, including the number and type of principal fragments, size and dislocation of the sustentacular fragment, and involvement of the anterior and posterior facets of the subtalar joint. In 17 cases, the calcaneus consisted of four or more fragments. Furthermore, in 17 cases the sustentacular fragment included all or part of the posterior facet joint. In 18 of the 25 cases, the sustentacular fragment was displaced. It is concludedmore » that well performed CT is an invaluable adjunct in understanding the fracture mechanism and in detecting pain-provoking impingement between the fibular malleolus and the tuberosity fragment.« less

Incidental detection of prostate-specific antigen-negative metastatic prostate cancer initially presented with solitary pulmonary nodule on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography

PubMed Central

Erdogan, Ezgi Basak; Buyukpinarbasili, Nur; Ziyade, Sedat; Akman, Tolga; Turk, Haci Mehmet; Aydin, Mehmet

2015-01-01

A 71-year-old male patient with solitary pulmonary nodule underwent fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) showing slightly increased FDG uptake in this nodule. In addition, PET/CT detected hypermetabolic sclerotic bone lesions in the right second rib and 7th thoracic vertebrae, which were interpreted as possible metastases, and mildly increased FDG uptake in the prostate gland highly suspicious of malignancy. The patient's prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was within normal range (3.8 ng/dL). The histopathological examination of the lung nodule and right second rib lesion proved metastases from prostate cancer, then the prostate biopsy-confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma. The unique feature of this case is to emphasize the importance of performing PET/CT for solitary pulmonary nodule in detecting PSA-negative metastatic prostate cancer. This case indicated that it should be kept in mind that, even if the PSA is negative, a lung metastasis of prostate cancer may be an underlying cause in patients evaluated for solitary pulmonary nodule by FDG PET/CT. PMID:26170575

Lymphadenopathy resulting from acute toxoplasmosis mimicking relapse of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

PubMed

Joshi, Prathamesh; Lele, Vikram; Mahajan, Pravin

2012-01-01

We report a case documenting fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) accumulation in cervical, supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes resulting from acute toxoplasmosis. A 50-year-old Indian female with history of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of left breast, postchemotherapy status, was found to have hypermetabolic right cervical, supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes on a surveillance FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan. Her previous two PET/CT scans were unremarkable with no evidence of metabolically active disease. Therefore, a differential diagnosis of relapse of NHL versus infectious/inflammatory pathology was raised in the report. Biopsy of axillary lymph node demonstrated features characteristic of toxoplasmosis. The serological test results were also compatible with acute toxoplasmosis infection. Infective and inflammatory diseases are known to accumulate FDG, resulting in false positives for malignancy. This case demonstrates lymph nodal toxoplasmosis as a potential cause of false positive FDG PET/CT findings in patients with known malignancy and highlights the importance of histopathological and laboratory correlation for the accurate interpretation of FDG PET/CT scans.

Intraoperative Computed Tomography for Cervicomedullary Decompression of Foramen Magnum Stenosis in Achondroplasia: Two Case Reports

PubMed Central

Arishima, Hidetaka; Tsunetoshi, Kenzo; Kodera, Toshiaki; Kitai, Ryuhei; Takeuchi, Hiroaki; Kikuta, Ken-ichiro

2013-01-01

The authors report two cases of cervicomedullary decompression of foramen magnum (FM) stenosis in children with achondroplasia using intraoperative computed tomography (iCT). A 14-month-old girl with myelopathy and retarded motor development, and a 10-year-old girl who had already undergone incomplete FM decompression was presented with myelopathy. Both patients underwent decompressive sub-occipitalcraniectomy and C1 laminectomy without duraplasty using iCT. It clearly showed the extent of FM decompression during surgery, which finally enabled sufficient decompression. After the operation, their myelopathy improved. We think that iCT can provide useful information and guidance for sufficient decompression for FM stenosis in children with achondroplasia. PMID:24140778

Intraoperative computed tomography for cervicomedullary decompression of foramen magnum stenosis in achondroplasia: two case reports.

PubMed

Arishima, Hidetaka; Tsunetoshi, Kenzo; Kodera, Toshiaki; Kitai, Ryuhei; Takeuchi, Hiroaki; Kikuta, Ken-Ichiro

2013-01-01

The authors report two cases of cervicomedullary decompression of foramen magnum (FM) stenosis in children with achondroplasia using intraoperative computed tomography (iCT). A 14-month-old girl with myelopathy and retarded motor development, and a 10-year-old girl who had already undergone incomplete FM decompression was presented with myelopathy. Both patients underwent decompressive sub-occipitalcraniectomy and C1 laminectomy without duraplasty using iCT. It clearly showed the extent of FM decompression during surgery, which finally enabled sufficient decompression. After the operation, their myelopathy improved. We think that iCT can provide useful information and guidance for sufficient decompression for FM stenosis in children with achondroplasia.

Pulmonary involvement of secondary syphilis.

PubMed

Ogawa, Yoshihiko; Imai, Yuichiro; Yoshihara, Shingo; Fujikura, Hiroyuki; Hirai, Nobuyasu; Sato, Masatoshi; Ogawa, Taku; Uno, Kenji; Kasahara, Kei; Yano, Hisakazu; Mikasa, Keiichi

2018-01-01

Pulmonary involvement in secondary syphilis is considered a rare occurrence; however, the number of cases has increased in the 2000s. This is likely due to the increased use of computed tomography scans and molecular diagnostic testing. We report a case of an HIV-positive man with pleural chest pain and bilateral subpleural nodules on chest computed tomography. His rapid plasma reagin and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination tests were positive, and the specimen of one of the pulmonary nodules obtained by transthoracic biopsy was positive for the polA gene of Treponema pallidum. Since clinical manifestations of syphilis are highly variable, clinicians should bear in mind that pleural chest pain with bilateral subpleural nodules can be caused by pulmonary syphilis.

A Case Report of Postmortem Radiography of Acute, Fatal Abdominal Distension After Binge Eating.

PubMed

Usui, Akihito; Kawasumi, Yusuke; Ishizuka, Yuya; Hosokai, Yoshiyuki; Ikeda, Tomoya; Saito, Haruo; Funayama, Masato

2016-12-01

This case report describes a woman who developed fatal gastric dilatation after binge eating. She called an ambulance because of stomach pain. When she arrived at the hospital, she did not look seriously ill. However, she rapidly became unconscious and collapsed immediately after she was laid on the examination table in a supine position. Postmortem chest x-ray and computed tomography showed right shift of the mediastinum and raised left diaphragm caused by massive gastric distension. Computed tomography showed no visible inferior vena cava. We think that her sudden deterioration was caused by movement of her stomach contents. Radiographic images provided some clues to the cause of her rapid collapse and death.

Diagnosis of myocardial ischemia combining multiphase postmortem CT-angiography, histology, and postmortem biochemistry.

PubMed

Vanhaebost, Jessica; Ducrot, Kewin; de Froidmont, Sébastien; Scarpelli, Maria Pia; Egger, Coraline; Baumann, Pia; Schmit, Gregory; Grabherr, Silke; Palmiere, Cristian

2017-02-01

The aim of this study was to assess whether the identification of pathological myocardial enhancement at multiphase postmortem computed tomography angiography was correlated with increased levels of troponin T and I in postmortem serum from femoral blood as well as morphological findings of myocardial ischemia. We further aimed to investigate whether autopsy cases characterized by increased troponin T and I concentrations as well as morphological findings of myocardial ischemia were also characterized by pathological myocardial enhancement at multiphase postmortem computed tomography angiography. Two different approaches were used. In one, 40 forensic autopsy cases that had pathological enhancement of the myocardium (mean Hounsfield units ≥95) observed at postmortem angiography were retrospectively selected. In the second approach, 40 forensic autopsy cases that had a cause of death attributed to acute myocardial ischemia were retrospectively selected. The preliminary results seem to indicate that the identification of a pathological enhancement of the myocardium at postmortem angiography is associated with the presence of increased levels of cardiac troponins in postmortem serum and morphological findings of ischemia. Analogously, a pathological enhancement of the myocardium at postmortem angiography can be retrospectively found in the great majority of autopsy cases characterized by increased cardiac troponin levels in postmortem serum and morphological findings of myocardial ischemia. Multiphase postmortem computed tomography angiography is a useful tool in the postmortem setting for investigating ischemically damaged myocardium.

3D reconstruction of emergency cranial computed tomography scans as a tool in clinical forensic radiology after survived blunt head trauma--report of two cases.

PubMed

Grassberger, M; Gehl, A; Püschel, K; Turk, E E

2011-04-15

When requested to evaluate surviving victims of blunt head trauma the forensic expert has to draw mainly on medical documentation from the time of hospital admission. In many cases these consist of written clinical records, radiographs and in some cases photographic documentation of the injuries. We report two cases of survived severe blunt head trauma where CT images, which had primarily been obtained for clinical diagnostic purposes, were used for forensic assessment. 3D reconstructions of the clinical CT-images yielded valuable information regarding the sequence, number and direction of the impacts to the head, their gross morphology and the inflicting weapon. We conclude that computed tomography and related imaging methods, along with their 3D reconstruction capabilities, provide a useful tool to approach questions in clinical forensic casework. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Slit scan radiographic system for intermediate size rocket motors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bernardi, Richard T.; Waters, David D.

1992-12-01

The development of slit-scan radiography capability for the NASA Advanced Computed Tomography Inspection System (ACTIS) computed tomography (CT) scanner at MSFC is discussed. This allows for tangential case interface (bondline) inspection at 2 MeV of intermediate-size rocket motors like the Hawk. Motorized mounting fixture hardware was designed, fabricated, installed, and tested on ACTIS. The ACTIS linear array of x-ray detectors was aligned parallel to the tangent line of a horizontal Hawk motor case. A 5 mm thick x-ray fan beam was used. Slit-scan images were produced with continuous rotation of a horizontal Hawk motor. Image features along Hawk motor case interfaces were indicated. A motorized exit cone fixture for ACTIS slit-scan inspection was also provided. The results of this SBIR have shown that slit scanning is an alternative imaging technique for case interface inspection. More data is required to qualify the technique for bondline inspection.

[Prostatic abscess. Contribution of the x-ray computed tomography. Apropos of a case].

PubMed

Husain, A; Touzard, D

1988-01-01

We reported a case of prostatic abscess due to staphylococeus aureus developed in a chronic alcoholic patient. The clinical symptoms and signs were largely masked by prior antibiotic therapy. Computed axial tomographic scanning of the pelvis made the diagnosis and demonstrated the resolution of the prostatic abscess following antibiotic therapy and spontaneous rupture to the urethra.

Primary pulmonary spindle cell tumour (haemangiopericytoma) in a dog.

PubMed

Vignoli, M; Buchholz, J; Morandi, F; Laddaga, E; Brunetti, B; Rossi, F; Terragni, R; Sarli, G

2008-10-01

Haemangiopericytoma is a soft tissue sarcoma believed to originate from pericytes. These tumours are commonly located on the skin and subcutaneous tissue of dogs and are most commonly found on the limbs. To the authors' knowledge, primary lung haemangiopericytomas have not been previously described in dogs. This case report describes the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of a primary haemangiopericytoma of the lung in a 10-year-old male, neutered, Siberian husky dog. Staging of the tumour was performed using a computed tomography scan of the thorax and a computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the lesion. Treatment was a right caudal lobectomy from a right lateral approach. No regional lymph node changes were noted on computed tomography or intraoperative assessments. Histopathology confirmed a spindle cell tumour that stained positive for vimentin and negative for desmin and S-100.

An incidentally found inflamed uterine myoma causing low abdominal pain, using Tc-99m-tektrotyd single photon emission computed tomography-CT hybrid imaging.

PubMed

Zandieh, Shahin; Schütz, Matthias; Bernt, Reinhard; Zwerina, Jochen; Haller, Joerg

2013-01-01

We report the case of a 50-year-old woman presented with a history of right hemicolectomy due to an ileocecal neuroendocrine tumor and left breast metastasis. Owing to a slightly elevated chromogranin A-level and lower abdominal pain, single photon emission computed tomography-computer tomography (SPECT-CT) was performed. There were no signs of recurrence on the SPECT-CT scan, but the patient was incidentally found to have an inflamed intramural myoma. We believe that the slightly elevated chromogranin A-level was caused by the hypertension that the patient presented. In the clinical context, this is a report of an inflamed uterine myoma seen as a false positive result detected by TC-99m-Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-Octreotide (Tektrotyd) SPECT-CT hybrid imaging.

Computed tomography of the lacrimal drainage system: retrospective study of 107 cases of dacryostenosis.

PubMed

Francis, I C; Kappagoda, M B; Cole, I E; Bank, L; Dunn, G D

1999-05-01

To evaluate the role of computed tomography in patients with dacryostenosis. One hundred seven cases of dacryostenosis (94 patients) were assessed by thorough clinical and lacrimal history and examination, and lacrimal region computerized tomography (CT). The lacrimal drainage system examination included the state and position of the puncta; Jones testing; lacrimal syringing; and, in the latter half of the study, telescopic nasal endoscopy. The patients were drawn from the hospital outpatients and private office of the operating lacrimal surgeon in this series (I.C.F.). Of the 107 cases, 79 either underwent dacryocystorhinostomy surgery or had this planned. In 14 of the 107 cases (12 patients), preoperative CT led to an alteration of patient management, usually referral to an otolaryngologist for further evaluation or treatment. In addition to the detection of two tumors extrinsic to the sac, conditions such as ethmoiditis, lacrimal sac mucoceles, soft tissue opacity in the nasolacrimal duct, gross nasal polyposis, fungal sinusitis, and a dacryolith were observed by CT. Similar to the role of functional endoscopic sinus surgery in otolaryngology, CT imaging will become increasingly important in the assessment of many patients with symptoms of lacrimal drainage obstruction.

Computed Tomography Perfusion, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Histopathological Findings After Laparoscopic Renal Cryoablation: An In Vivo Pig Model.

PubMed

Nielsen, Tommy Kjærgaard; Østraat, Øyvind; Graumann, Ole; Pedersen, Bodil Ginnerup; Andersen, Gratien; Høyer, Søren; Borre, Michael

2017-08-01

The present study investigates how computed tomography perfusion scans and magnetic resonance imaging correlates with the histopathological alterations in renal tissue after cryoablation. A total of 15 pigs were subjected to laparoscopic-assisted cryoablation on both kidneys. After intervention, each animal was randomized to a postoperative follow-up period of 1, 2, or 4 weeks, after which computed tomography perfusion and magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed. Immediately after imaging, open bilateral nephrectomy was performed allowing for histopathological examination of the cryolesions. On computed tomography perfusion and magnetic resonance imaging examinations, rim enhancement was observed in the transition zone of the cryolesion 1week after laparoscopic-assisted cryoablation. This rim enhancement was found to subside after 2 and 4 weeks of follow-up, which was consistent with the microscopic examinations revealing of fibrotic scar tissue formation in the peripheral zone of the cryolesion. On T2 magnetic resonance imaging sequences, a thin hypointense rim surrounded the cryolesion, separating it from the adjacent renal parenchyma. Microscopic examinations revealed hemorrhage and later hemosiderin located in the peripheral zone. No nodular or diffuse contrast enhancement was found in the central zone of the cryolesions at any follow-up stage on neither computed tomography perfusion nor magnetic resonance imaging. On microscopic examinations, the central zone was found to consist of coagulative necrosis 1 week after laparoscopic-assisted cryoablation, which was partially replaced by fibrotic scar tissue 4 weeks following laparoscopic-assisted cryoablation. Both computed tomography perfusion and magnetic resonance imaging found the renal collecting system to be involved at all 3 stages of follow-up, but on microscopic examination, the urothelium was found to be intact in all cases. In conclusion, cryoablation effectively destroyed renal parenchyma, leaving the urothelium intact. Both computed tomography perfusion and magnetic resonance imaging reflect the microscopic findings but with some differences, especially regarding the peripheral zone. Magnetic resonance imaging seems an attractive modality for early postoperative follow-up.

Granulosa cell tumor induced massive recurrence of post hysterectomy leiomyoma

PubMed Central

Chalanki, Mohana Vamsy; Dattatreya, Satya; Padmaja, Parvathaneni; Dayal, Monal; Parakh, Megha; Rao, Vatturi Venkata Satya Prabhakar

2014-01-01

The authors report a very unusual occurrence of a massive recurrence of leiomyoma from post hysterectomy stump diagnosed on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18-FDG PET/CT). The case also has an additional complexity of granulosa cell tumor (GCT) of ovary probably contributing to the recurrence and massive size. PMID:25210289

Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography (PET/CT)

MedlinePlus

... A-Z Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography (PET/CT) Positron emission tomography (PET) uses small amounts of ... What is Positron Emission Tomography – Computed Tomography (PET/CT) Scanning? Positron emission tomography, also called PET imaging ...

18-Fluorodeoxy-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography- Computed Tomography (18-FDG-PET/CT) for Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) Delineation in Gastric Cancer Radiotherapy

PubMed

Dębiec, Kinga; Wydmański, Jerzy; Gorczewska, Izabela; Leszczyńska, Paulina; Gorczewski, Kamil; Leszczyński, Wojciech; d’Amico, Andrea; Kalemba, Michał

2017-11-26

Purpose: Evaluation of the 18-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18-FDGPET/ CT) for gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation in gastric cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Methods: In this study, 29 gastric cancer patients (17 unresectable and 7 inoperable) were initially enrolled for radical chemoradiotherapy (45Gy/25 fractions + chemotherapy based on 5 fluorouracil) or radiotherapy alone (45Gy/25 fractions) with planning based on the 18-FDG-PET/CT images. Five patients were excluded due to excess blood glucose levels (1), false-negative positron emission tomography (1) and distant metastases revealed by 18-FDG-PET/CT (3). The analysis involved measurement of metabolic tumor volumes (MTVs) performed on PET/CT workstations. Different threshold levels of the standardized uptake value (SUV) and liver uptake were set to obtain MTVs. Secondly, GTVPET values were derived manually using the positron emission tomography (PET) dataset blinded to the computed tomography (CT) data. Subsequently, GTVCT values were delineated using a radiotherapy planning system based on the CT scans blinded to the PET data. The referenced GTVCT values were correlated with the GTVPET and were compared with a conformality index (CI). Results: The mean CI was 0.52 (range, 0.12-0.85). In 13/24 patients (54%), the GTVPET was larger than GTVCT, and in the remainder, GTVPET was smaller. Moreover, the cranio-caudal diameter of GTVPET in 16 cases (64%) was larger than that of GTVCT, smaller in 7 cases (29%), and unchanged in one case. Manual PET delineation (GTVPET) achieved the best correlation with GTVCT (Pearson correlation = 0.76, p <0.0001). Among the analyzed MTVs, a statistically significant correlation with GTVCT was revealed for MTV10%SUVmax (r = 0.63; p = 0.0014), MTVliv (r = 0.60; p = 0.0021), MTVSUV2.5 (r = 0.54; p = 0.0063); MTV20%SUVmax (r = 0.44; p = 0.0344); MTV30%SUVmax (r = 0.44; p = 0.0373). Conclusion: 18-FDG-PET/CT in gastric cancer radiotherapy planning may affect the GTV delineation. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/management

A large and aggressive fibromatosis in the axilla: a rare case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Duan, Mingyue; Xing, Hua; Wang, Keren; Niu, Chunbo; Jiang, Chengwei; Zhang, Lijuan; Ezzat, Shereen; Zhang, Le

2018-01-01

Aggressive fibromatosis (AF) is a rare benign tumor, which occurs in the deep part of bone and muscle fibrous tissue. Clinical and pathological features can be challenging for definitive diagnosis. Here, we report a rare case of a large AF in the axilla. Interestingly, 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed significant increase in standard uptake value. Surgical resection yielded a spindle cell tumor likely of fibromatosis origin which was positive for β-catenin expression.

Rapidly growing glandular papilloma associated with mucus production: a case report

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Pulmonary glandular papillomas are rare neoplasms, and their very slow or absent growth over time generally facilitates establishing the diagnosis. Case presentation In an 84-year-old woman who underwent surgery for sigmoid colon cancer, a growing solitary pulmonary nodule was identified on postoperative follow-up computed tomography. A computer tomography-guided needle biopsy was performed under suspicion that the nodule was malignant. The histopathological findings suggested a glandular papilloma. Right basilar segmentectomy was carried out, and the lesion was completely resected. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed a benign glandular papilloma accompanied by mucus retention in the surrounding alveolar region. Conclusions A malignant neoplasm is usually suspected when a pulmonary tumor shows rapid growth. However, glandular papillomas associated with mucus retention also tend to grow in some cases, and should be included in the differential diagnosis. PMID:24886616

A Dictionary Learning Approach with Overlap for the Low Dose Computed Tomography Reconstruction and Its Vectorial Application to Differential Phase Tomography

PubMed Central

Mirone, Alessandro; Brun, Emmanuel; Coan, Paola

2014-01-01

X-ray based Phase-Contrast Imaging (PCI) techniques have been demonstrated to enhance the visualization of soft tissues in comparison to conventional imaging methods. Nevertheless the delivered dose as reported in the literature of biomedical PCI applications often equals or exceeds the limits prescribed in clinical diagnostics. The optimization of new computed tomography strategies which include the development and implementation of advanced image reconstruction procedures is thus a key aspect. In this scenario, we implemented a dictionary learning method with a new form of convex functional. This functional contains in addition to the usual sparsity inducing and fidelity terms, a new term which forces similarity between overlapping patches in the superimposed regions. The functional depends on two free regularization parameters: a coefficient multiplying the sparsity-inducing norm of the patch basis functions coefficients, and a coefficient multiplying the norm of the differences between patches in the overlapping regions. The solution is found by applying the iterative proximal gradient descent method with FISTA acceleration. The gradient is computed by calculating projection of the solution and its error backprojection at each iterative step. We study the quality of the solution, as a function of the regularization parameters and noise, on synthetic data for which the solution is a-priori known. We apply the method on experimental data in the case of Differential Phase Tomography. For this case we use an original approach which consists in using vectorial patches, each patch having two components: one per each gradient component. The resulting algorithm, implemented in the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility tomography reconstruction code PyHST, has proven to be efficient and well-adapted to strongly reduce the required dose and the number of projections in medical tomography. PMID:25531987

A dictionary learning approach with overlap for the low dose computed tomography reconstruction and its vectorial application to differential phase tomography.

PubMed

Mirone, Alessandro; Brun, Emmanuel; Coan, Paola

2014-01-01

X-ray based Phase-Contrast Imaging (PCI) techniques have been demonstrated to enhance the visualization of soft tissues in comparison to conventional imaging methods. Nevertheless the delivered dose as reported in the literature of biomedical PCI applications often equals or exceeds the limits prescribed in clinical diagnostics. The optimization of new computed tomography strategies which include the development and implementation of advanced image reconstruction procedures is thus a key aspect. In this scenario, we implemented a dictionary learning method with a new form of convex functional. This functional contains in addition to the usual sparsity inducing and fidelity terms, a new term which forces similarity between overlapping patches in the superimposed regions. The functional depends on two free regularization parameters: a coefficient multiplying the sparsity-inducing L1 norm of the patch basis functions coefficients, and a coefficient multiplying the L2 norm of the differences between patches in the overlapping regions. The solution is found by applying the iterative proximal gradient descent method with FISTA acceleration. The gradient is computed by calculating projection of the solution and its error backprojection at each iterative step. We study the quality of the solution, as a function of the regularization parameters and noise, on synthetic data for which the solution is a-priori known. We apply the method on experimental data in the case of Differential Phase Tomography. For this case we use an original approach which consists in using vectorial patches, each patch having two components: one per each gradient component. The resulting algorithm, implemented in the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility tomography reconstruction code PyHST, has proven to be efficient and well-adapted to strongly reduce the required dose and the number of projections in medical tomography.

Computer tomographic assessment of postoperative peripancreatic collections after distal pancreatectomy.

PubMed

Uchida, Yuichiro; Masui, Toshihiko; Sato, Asahi; Nagai, Kazuyuki; Anazawa, Takayuki; Takaori, Kyoichi; Uemoto, Shinji

2018-03-27

Peripancreatic collections occur frequently after distal pancreatectomy. However, the sequelae of peripancreatic collections vary from case to case, and their clinical impact is uncertain. In this study, the correlations between CT findings of peripancreatic collections and complications after distal pancreatectomy were investigated. Ninety-six consecutive patients who had undergone distal pancreatectomy between 2010 and 2015 were retrospectively investigated. The extent and heterogeneity of peripancreatic collections and background clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. The extent of peripancreatic collections was calculated based on three-dimensional computed tomography images, and the degree of heterogeneity of peripancreatic collections was assessed based on the standard deviation of their density on computed tomography. Of 85 patients who underwent postoperative computed tomography imaging, a peripancreatic collection was detected in 77 (91%). Patients with either a large extent or a high degree of heterogeneity of peripancreatic collection had a significantly higher rate of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula than those without (odds ratio 5.95, 95% confidence interval 2.12-19.72, p = 0.001; odds ratio 8.0, 95% confidence interval 2.87-24.19, p = 0.0001, respectively). A large and heterogeneous peripancreatic collection was significantly associated with postoperative complications, especially clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula. A small and homogenous peripancreatic collection could be safely observed.

FDG-PET Assessment of Other Gynecologic Cancers.

PubMed

Faria, Silvana; Devine, Catherine; Viswanathan, Chitra; Javadi, Sanaz; Korivi, Brinda Rao; Bhosale, Priya R

2018-04-01

PET and PET/computed tomography play a role in the staging, monitoring of response to therapy, and surveillance for cervical and ovarian cancers. Currently, it is also an integral part of the assessment of patients with endometrial cancer and other gynecologic malignancies, such as vaginal and vulvar cancers and uterine sarcomas. In this article, we discuss in detail and highlight the potential role of PET and PET/computed tomography in evaluating these gynecologic malignancies using illustrative cases with relevant imaging findings. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatment of a Four-Rooted Maxillary Second Molar Detected with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

PubMed Central

Mohammadzade Akhlaghi, Nahid

2017-01-01

The significance of clinician’s knowledge about root canal anatomy and its possible variations cannot be overlooked. In some cases, taking advantage of complementary imaging techniques can help achieve a perfect flawless endodontic treatment. This article reports endodontic management of a second maxillary molar that had an uncommon anatomy of the chamber floor. After obtaining a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image, the presence of a second palatal root was confirmed. All four roots were treated and patient’s symptoms were resolved. PMID:29104601

Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip Complex Pain in a Competitive Basketball Player

PubMed Central

Reiman, Michael P.; Cox, Kara D.; Jones, Kay S.; Byrd, J. W.

2011-01-01

Establishing the cause of lumbo-pelvic-hip complex pain is a challenge for many clinicians. This case report describes the mechanism of injury, diagnostic process, surgical management, and rehabilitation of a female high school basketball athlete who sustained an injury when falling on her right side. Diagnostics included clinical examination, radiography of the spine and hip joint, magnetic resonance imaging arthrogram, 3-dimensional computed tomography scan, and computed tomography of the hip joint. A systematic multidisciplinary clinical approach resulted in the patient’s return to previous functional levels. PMID:23015993

Thoracoscopic anatomical lung segmentectomy using 3D computed tomography simulation without tumour markings for non-palpable and non-visualized small lung nodules.

PubMed

Kato, Hirohisa; Oizumi, Hiroyuki; Suzuki, Jun; Hamada, Akira; Watarai, Hikaru; Sadahiro, Mitsuaki

2017-09-01

Although wedge resection can be curative for small lung tumours, tumour marking is sometimes required for resection of non-palpable or visually undetectable lung nodules as a method for identification of tumours. Tumour marking sometimes fails and occasionally causes serious complications. We have performed many thoracoscopic segmentectomies using 3D computed tomography simulation for undetectable small lung tumours without any tumour markings. The aim of this study was to investigate whether thoracoscopic segmentectomy planned with 3D computed tomography simulation could precisely remove non-palpable and visually undetectable tumours. Between January 2012 and March 2016, 58 patients underwent thoracoscopic segmentectomy using 3D computed tomography simulation for non-palpable, visually undetectable tumours. Surgical outcomes were evaluated. A total of 35, 14 and 9 patients underwent segmentectomy, subsegmentectomy and segmentectomy combined with adjacent subsegmentectomy, respectively. All tumours were correctly resected without tumour marking. The median tumour size and distance from the visceral pleura was 14 ± 5.2 mm (range 5-27 mm) and 11.6 mm (range 1-38.8 mm), respectively. Median values related to the procedures were operative time, 176 min (range 83-370 min); blood loss, 43 ml (range 0-419 ml); duration of chest tube placement, 1 day (range 1-8 days); and postoperative hospital stay, 5 days (range 3-12 days). Two cases were converted to open thoracotomy due to bleeding. Three cases required pleurodesis for pleural fistula. No recurrences occurred during the mean follow-up period of 44.4 months (range 5-53 months). Thoracoscopic segmentectomy using 3D computed tomography simulation was feasible and could be performed to resect undetectable tumours with no tumour markings. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

Anterior uveitis after treatment of hepatitis C with alpha interferon: the recurrence of a previous inflammatory process due to presumed ocular toxocariasis.

PubMed

Damasceno, Eduardo F; Damasceno, Nadyr A

2012-02-01

To report a case of recurrent unilateral presumed ocular toxocariasis after treatment of hepatitis C. Case study. Clinical findings, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and serological tests were performed. Once diagnosis was made, effective treatment was administered. A 46-year-old woman with a long history of decreased unilateral visual acuity presented with anterior uveitis after the use of interferon alpha and ribavirin for treatment of hepatitis C. A biomicroscopic examination revealed active anterior uveitis, with ultrasonography and computed tomography demonstrating a central granuloma due to partially calcified toxocariasis. After treatment with corticosteroids and cycloplegics, the symptoms were alleviated. immunostimulation could cause a relapse of the inflammatory reaction found in uveitis due to toxocariasis.

Endodontic management of maxillary third molar with MB2 (Vertucci type IV) canal configuration diagnosed with Cone Beam Computed Tomography - a case report.

PubMed

Jain, Pradeep; Patni, Pallav; Yogesh, Pant; Anup, Vyas

2017-01-01

The endodontic treatment of maxillary third molar often poses a challenge even to an experienced endodontist because of their most posterior location in the dental arch, aberrant occlusal anatomy, abnormal root canal configuration and eruption patterns. Owing to these anatomical limitations, their extraction remains the treatment of choice for many clinicians. As we know, retaining every functional component of the dental arch is of prime importance in contemporary dental practice. This clinical case report aims to discuss the endodontic treatment of maxillary third molar with MB2 root canal separated throughout the length and exit at two separate apical foramina (Vertucci type IV) diagnosed with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)..

Computed tomography-assisted laparoscopic removal of intraabdominally migrated levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems.

PubMed

Mahmoud, Mohamad S; Merhi, Zaher O

2010-04-01

To report three cases of migrated levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG-IUS) into the pelvic/abdominal cavity removed laparoscopically with the aid of preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan imaging. Three patients presenting with a missing LNG-IUS on examination and pelvic ultrasound are presented. A preoperative CT scan was performed, what helped in a successful removal of the LNG-IUS. The patients were discharged home the same day of the procedure. Our cases reinforce, besides the diagnosis of a migrated LNG-IUS by ultrasound, the fact that preoperative CT scan imaging assists in the diagnosis of the precise location of a migrated LNG-IUS into the pelvic/abdominal cavity and helps the physician in the prediction of the difficulty of the laparoscopic removal.

A case of systemic arterial supply to the right lower lobe of the lung: imaging findings and review of the literature.

PubMed

Mautone, Marcela; Naidoo, Parm

2014-03-01

Systemic arterialization of the lung without pulmonary sequestration is the rarest form of anomalous systemic arterial supply to the lung. This condition is characterised by an aberrant arterial branch arising from the aorta which supplies an area of lung parenchyma with normal bronchopulmonary anatomy. It is often diagnosed following investigation of an incidental cardiac murmur or based on abnormal imaging, as most patients are asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. Thoracic computed tomography and computed tomography angiography are generally the most useful diagnostic tests. We present a case of a 22-year old female who was diagnosed with systemic arterial supply to a portion of otherwise normal right lower lobe following investigation of low volume haemoptysis.

Mixed spine metastasis detection through positron emission tomography/computed tomography synthesis and multiclassifier

PubMed Central

Yao, Jianhua; Burns, Joseph E.; Sanoria, Vic; Summers, Ronald M.

2017-01-01

Abstract. Bone metastases are a frequent occurrence with cancer, and early detection can guide the patient’s treatment regimen. Metastatic bone disease can present in density extremes as sclerotic (high density) and lytic (low density) or in a continuum with an admixture of both sclerotic and lytic components. We design a framework to detect and characterize the varying spectrum of presentation of spine metastasis on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) data. A technique is proposed to synthesize CT and PET images to enhance the lesion appearance for computer detection. A combination of watershed, graph cut, and level set algorithms is first run to obtain the initial detections. Detections are then sent to multiple classifiers for sclerotic, lytic, and mixed lesions. The system was tested on 44 cases with 225 sclerotic, 139 lytic, and 92 mixed lesions. The results showed that sensitivity (false positive per patient) was 0.81 (2.1), 0.81 (1.3), and 0.76 (2.1) for sclerotic, lytic, and mixed lesions, respectively. It also demonstrates that using PET/CT data significantly improves the computer aided detection performance over using CT alone. PMID:28612036

Evaluation of dosimetry and image of very low-dose computed tomography attenuation correction for pediatric positron emission tomography/computed tomography: phantom study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bahn, Y. K.; Park, H. H.; Lee, C. H.; Kim, H. S.; Lyu, K. Y.; Dong, K. R.; Chung, W. K.; Cho, J. H.

2014-04-01

In this study, phantom was used to evaluate attenuation correction computed tomography (CT) dose and image in case of pediatric positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scan. Three PET/CT scanners were used along with acryl phantom in the size for infant and ion-chamber dosimeter. The CT image acquisition conditions were changed from 10 to 20, 40, 80, 100 and 160 mA and from 80 to 100, 120 and 140 kVp, which aimed at evaluating penetrate dose and computed tomography dose indexvolume (CTDIvol) value. And NEMA PET Phantom™ was used to obtain PET image under the same CT conditions in order to evaluate each attenuation-corrected PET image based on standard uptake value (SUV) value and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In general, the penetrate dose was reduced by around 92% under the minimum CT conditions (80 kVp and 10 mA) with the decrease in CTDIvol value by around 88%, compared with the pediatric abdomen CT conditions (100 kVp and 100 mA). The PET image with its attenuation corrected according to each CT condition showed no change in SUV value and no influence on the SNR. In conclusion, if the minimum dose CT that is properly applied to body of pediatric patient is corrected for attenuation to ensure that the effective dose is reduced by around 90% or more compared with that for adult patient, this will be useful to reduce radiation exposure level.

Computed tomography-guided bone biopsies for evaluation of proliferative vertebral lesions in two boa constrictors (Boa constrictor imperator).

PubMed

Di Girolamo, Nicola; Selleri, Paolo; Nardini, Giordano; Corlazzoli, Daniele; Fonti, Paolo; Rossier, Christophe; Della Salda, Leonardo; Schilliger, Lionel; Vignoli, Massimo; Bongiovanni, Laura

2014-12-01

Two boa constrictors (Boa constrictor imperator) presented with paresis of the trunk originating cranial to the cloaca. Radiographs were consistent with proliferative bone lesions involving several vertebrae. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated the presence of lytic/expansile lesions. Computed tomography-guided biopsies of the lesions were performed without complications. Histology was consistent with bacterial osteomyelitis and osteoarthritis. Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella sp. and Pseudomonas sp.) were isolated from cultures of the biopsies. Medical treatment with specific antibiotics was attempted for several weeks in both cases without clinical or radiographic improvements. The animals were euthanized, and necropsy confirmed the findings observed upon CT. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the use of CT-guided biopsies to evaluate proliferative vertebral lesions in snakes. In the present report, CT-guided biopsies were easily performed, and both histologic and microbiologic results were consistent with the final diagnosis.

Computed tomography angiography in acute stroke (revisiting the 4Ps of imaging).

PubMed

Varadharajan, Shriram; Saini, Jitender; Acharya, Ullas V; Gupta, Arun Kumar

2016-02-01

Imaging in acute stroke has traditionally focussed on the 4Ps-parenchyma, pipes, perfusion, and penumbra-and has increasingly relied upon advanced techniques including magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate such patients. However, as per European Magnetic Resonance Forum estimates, the availability of magnetic resonance imaging scanners for the general population in India (0.5 per million inhabitants) is quite low as compared to Europe (11 per million) and United States (35 per million), with most of them only present in urban cities. On the other hand, computed tomography (CT) is more widely available and has reduced scanning duration. Computed tomography angiography of cervical and intracranial vessels is relatively simpler to perform with extended coverage and can provide all pertinent information required in such patients. This imaging review will discuss relevant imaging findings on CT angiography in patients with acute ischemic stroke through illustrated cases. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Minimax Quantum Tomography: Estimators and Relative Entropy Bounds.

PubMed

Ferrie, Christopher; Blume-Kohout, Robin

2016-03-04

A minimax estimator has the minimum possible error ("risk") in the worst case. We construct the first minimax estimators for quantum state tomography with relative entropy risk. The minimax risk of nonadaptive tomography scales as O(1/sqrt[N])-in contrast to that of classical probability estimation, which is O(1/N)-where N is the number of copies of the quantum state used. We trace this deficiency to sampling mismatch: future observations that determine risk may come from a different sample space than the past data that determine the estimate. This makes minimax estimators very biased, and we propose a computationally tractable alternative with similar behavior in the worst case, but superior accuracy on most states.

Peri-implant assessment via cone beam computed tomography and digital periapical radiography: an ex vivo study.

PubMed

Silveira-Neto, Nicolau; Flores, Mateus Ericson; De Carli, João Paulo; Costa, Max Dória; Matos, Felipe de Souza; Paranhos, Luiz Renato; Linden, Maria Salete Sandini

2017-11-01

This research evaluated detail registration in peri-implant bone using two different cone beam computer tomography systems and a digital periapical radiograph. Three different image acquisition protocols were established for each cone beam computer tomography apparatus, and three clinical situations were simulated in an ex vivo fresh pig mandible: buccal bone defect, peri-implant bone defect, and bone contact. Data were subjected to two analyses: quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative analyses involved a comparison of real specimen measures using a digital caliper in three regions of the preserved buccal bone - A, B and E (control group) - to cone beam computer tomography images obtained with different protocols (kp1, kp2, kp3, ip1, ip2, and ip3). In the qualitative analyses, the ability to register peri-implant details via tomography and digital periapical radiography was verified, as indicated by twelve evaluators. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). The quantitative assessment showed means statistically equal to those of the control group under the following conditions: buccal bone defect B and E with kp1 and ip1, peri-implant bone defect E with kp2 and kp3, and bone contact A with kp1, kp2, kp3, and ip2. Qualitatively, only bone contacts were significantly different among the assessments, and the p3 results differed from the p1 and p2 results. The other results were statistically equivalent. The registration of peri-implant details was influenced by the image acquisition protocol, although metal artifacts were produced in all situations. The evaluators preferred the Kodak 9000 3D cone beam computer tomography in most cases. The evaluators identified buccal bone defects better with cone beam computer tomography and identified peri-implant bone defects better with digital periapical radiography.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma in an human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient mimicking bilateral eye sign in brain seen in fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

PubMed

Kamaleshwaran, Koramadai Karuppusany; Thirugnanam, Rajasekar; Shibu, Deepu; Kalarikal, Radhakrishnan Edathurthy; Shinto, Ajit Sugunan

2014-04-01

Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) has proven useful in the diagnosis, staging, and detection of metastasis and posttreatment monitoring of several malignancies in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. It also has the ability to make the important distinction between malignancy and infection in the evaluation of central nervous system (CNS) lesions, leading to the initiation of the appropriate treatment and precluding the need for invasive biopsy. We report an interesting case of HIV positive 35-year-old woman presented with headache, disorientation, and decreased level of consciousness. She underwent whole body PET/CT which showed multiple lesions in the cerebrum which mimics bilateral eye in brain. A diagnosis of a primary CNS lymphoma was made and patient was started on chemotherapy.

Change in the diagnosis from classical Hodgkin's lymphoma to anaplastic large cell lymphoma by (18)F flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography: Importance of recognising disease pattern on imaging and immunohistochemistry.

PubMed

Senthil, Raja; Mohapatra, Ranjan Kumar; Sampath, Mouleeswaran Koramadai; Sundaraiya, Sumati

2016-01-01

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare type of nonHodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), but one of the most common subtypes of T-cell lymphoma. It is an aggressive T-cell lymphoma, and some ALCL may mimic less aggressive classical HL histopathlogically. It may be misdiagnosed unless careful immunohistochemical examination is performed. As the prognosis and management of these two lymphomas vary significantly, it is important to make a correct diagnosis. We describe a case who was diagnosed as classical HL by histopathological examination of cervical lymph node, in whom (18)F-flouro deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography appearances were unusual for HL and warranted review of histopathology that revealed anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1 negative anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin-like variant, thereby changing the management.

Postoperative computed tomography and low-field magnetic resonance imaging findings in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis treated by dorsal laminectomy.

PubMed

Rapp, Martin; Ley, Charles J; Hansson, Kerstin; Sjöström, Lennart

2017-03-20

To describe postoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS) treated by dorsal laminectomy and partial discectomy. Prospective clinical case study of dogs diagnosed with and treated for DLSS. Surgical and clinical findings were described. Computed tomography and low field MRI findings pre- and postoperatively were described and graded. Clinical, CT and MRI examinations were performed four to 18 months after surgery. Eleven of 13 dogs were clinically improved and two dogs had unchanged clinical status postoperatively despite imaging signs of neural compression. Vacuum phenomenon, spondylosis, sclerosis of the seventh lumbar (L7) and first sacral (S1) vertebrae endplates and lumbosacral intervertebral joint osteoarthritis became more frequent in postoperative CT images. Postoperative MRI showed mild disc extrusions in five cases, and in all cases contrast enhancing non-discal tissue was present. All cases showed contrast enhancement of the L7 spinal nerves both pre- and postoperatively and seven had contrast enhancement of the lumbosacral intervertebral joints and paraspinal tissue postoperatively. Articular process fractures or fissures were noted in four dogs. The study indicates that imaging signs of neural compression are common after DLSS surgery, even in dogs that have clinical improvement. Contrast enhancement of spinal nerves and soft tissues around the region of disc herniation is common both pre- and postoperatively and thus are unreliable criteria for identifying complications of the DLSS surgery.

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography evaluation of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma and treatment response

PubMed Central

Gorodetskiy, Vadim R; Mukhortova, Olga V; Aslanidis, Irakli P; Klapper, Wolfram; Probatova, Natalya A

2016-01-01

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a very rare variant of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Currently, there is no standard imaging method for staging of SPTCL nor for assessment of treatment response. Here, we describe our use of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for staging and monitoring of treatment response in 3 cases of SPTCL. Primary staging by PET/CT showed that all 3 patients had multiple foci in the subcutaneous fat tissue, with SUVmax from 10.5 to 14.6. Involvement of intra-abdominal fat with high SUVmax was identified in 2 of the patients. Use of the triple drug regimen of gemcitabine, cisplatin and methylprednisolone (commonly known as “GEM-P”) as first-line therapy or second-line therapy facilitated complete metabolic response for all 3 cases. FDG PET/CT provides valuable information for staging and monitoring of treatment response and can reveal occult involvement of the intra-abdominal visceral fat. High FDG uptake on pre-treatment PET can identify patients with aggressive disease and help in selection of first-line therapy. PMID:27672640

Anatomical classification of breast sentinel lymph nodes using computed tomography-lymphography.

PubMed

Fujita, Tamaki; Miura, Hiroyuki; Seino, Hiroko; Ono, Shuichi; Nishi, Takashi; Nishimura, Akimasa; Hakamada, Kenichi; Aoki, Masahiko

2018-05-03

To evaluate the anatomical classification and location of breast sentinel lymph nodes, preoperative computed tomography-lymphography examinations were retrospectively reviewed for sentinel lymph nodes in 464 cases clinically diagnosed with node-negative breast cancer between July 2007 and June 2016. Anatomical classification was performed based on the numbers of lymphatic routes and sentinel lymph nodes, the flow direction of lymphatic routes, and the location of sentinel lymph nodes. Of the 464 cases reviewed, anatomical classification could be performed in 434 (93.5 %). The largest number of cases showed single route/single sentinel lymph node (n = 296, 68.2 %), followed by multiple routes/multiple sentinel lymph nodes (n = 59, 13.6 %), single route/multiple sentinel lymph nodes (n = 53, 12.2 %), and multiple routes/single sentinel lymph node (n = 26, 6.0 %). Classification based on the flow direction of lymphatic routes showed that 429 cases (98.8 %) had outward flow on the superficial fascia toward axillary lymph nodes, whereas classification based on the height of sentinel lymph nodes showed that 323 cases (74.4 %) belonged to the upper pectoral group of axillary lymph nodes. There was wide variation in the number of lymphatic routes and their branching patterns and in the number, location, and direction of flow of sentinel lymph nodes. It is clinically very important to preoperatively understand the anatomical morphology of lymphatic routes and sentinel lymph nodes for optimal treatment of breast cancer, and computed tomography-lymphography is suitable for this purpose.

Usefulness of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Automatic Vessel Detection Software in Emergency Transarterial Embolization.

PubMed

Carrafiello, Gianpaolo; Ierardi, Anna Maria; Duka, Ejona; Radaelli, Alessandro; Floridi, Chiara; Bacuzzi, Alessandro; de Bucourt, Maximilian; De Marchi, Giuseppe

2016-04-01

This study was designed to evaluate the utility of dual phase cone beam computed tomography (DP-CBCT) and automatic vessel detection (AVD) software to guide transarterial embolization (TAE) of angiographically challenging arterial bleedings in emergency settings. Twenty patients with an arterial bleeding at computed tomography angiography and an inconclusive identification of the bleeding vessel at the initial 2D angiographic series were included. Accuracy of DP-CBCT and AVD software were defined as the ability to detect the bleeding site and the culprit arterial bleeder, respectively. Technical success was defined as the correct positioning of the microcatheter using AVD software. Clinical success was defined as the successful embolization. Total volume of iodinated contrast medium and overall procedure time were registered. The bleeding site was not detected by initial angiogram in 20% of cases, while impossibility to identify the bleeding vessel was the reason for inclusion in the remaining cases. The bleeding site was detected by DP-CBCT in 19 of 20 (95%) patients; in one case CBCT-CT fusion was required. AVD software identified the culprit arterial branch in 18 of 20 (90%) cases. In two cases, vessel tracking required manual marking of the candidate arterial bleeder. Technical success was 95%. Successful embolization was achieved in all patients. Mean contrast volume injected for each patient was 77.5 ml, and mean overall procedural time was 50 min. C-arm CBCT and AVD software during TAE of angiographically challenging arterial bleedings is feasible and may facilitate successful embolization. Staff training in CBCT imaging and software manipulation is necessary.

Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Image with Dual Postlabeling Delay: A Correlative Study with Acetazolamide Loading (123)I-Iodoamphetamine Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography.

PubMed

Haga, Sei; Morioka, Takato; Shimogawa, Takafumi; Akiyama, Tomoaki; Murao, Kei; Kanazawa, Yuka; Sayama, Tetsuro; Arakawa, Shuji

2016-01-01

Perfusion magnetic resonance image with arterial spin labeling (ASL) provides a completely noninvasive measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, arterial transient times can have a marked effect on the ASL signal. For example, a single postlabeling delay (PLD) of 1.5 seconds underestimates the slowly streaming collateral pathways that maintain the cerebrovascular reserve (CVR). To overcome this limitation, we developed a dual PLD method. A dual PLD method of 1.5  and 2.5 seconds was compared with (123)I-iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography with acetazolamide loading to assess CVR in 10 patients with steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disease. In 5 cases (Group A), dual PLD-ASL demonstrated low CBF with 1.5-second PLD in the target area, whereas CBF was improved with 2.5-second PLD. In the other 5 cases (Group B), dual PLD-ASL depicted low CBF with 1.5-second PLD, and no improvement in CBF with 2.5-second PLD in the target area was observed. On single-photon emission computed tomography, CVR was maintained in Group A but decreased in Group B. Although dual PLD methods may not be a completely alternative test for (123)I-iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography with acetazolamide loading, it is a feasible, simple, noninvasive, and repeatable technique for assessing CVR, even when employed in a routine clinical setting. Copyright © 2015 National Stroke Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of computed tomography of abdomen in difficult to diagnose typhoid fever: a case series.

PubMed

Hafeez, Wajid; Rajalakshmi, S; Sripriya, S; Madhu Bashini, M

2018-04-01

Background and Aim Diagnosis of typhoid is challenging when blood cultures fail to isolate Salmonella species. We report our experience with interpreting computed tomography (CT) abdomen findings in a case series of typhoid fever. Methods The case series consisted of patients who had a CT abdomen done as part of their investigations and a final diagnosis of typhoid fever. The CT films were reviewed and findings evaluated for distinctive features. Results During 2011-2017, 11 patients met the inclusion criteria. Indication for CT was pyrexia of unknown origin in the majority of patients. Review of CT films revealed mesenteric lymphadenopathy (100%), terminal ileum thickening (85%), hepatosplenomegaly (45%), retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy (18%) and ascites (9%). Conclusions Enhancing discrete mesenteric lymphadenopathy and terminal ileum thickening are non-specific findings noted in typhoid fever. Absence of matted necrotic nodes and peritoneal thickening rule out tuberculosis and raise suspicion of typhoid fever in endemic regions.

High-resolution computed tomography findings in eight patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.

PubMed

Barbosa, Diego de Lacerda; Hochhegger, Bruno; Souza, Arthur Soares; Zanetti, Gláucia; Escuissato, Dante Luiz; Meirelles, Gustavo de Souza Portes; Funari, Marcelo Buarque de Gusmão; Marchiori, Edson

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study was to describe the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). We retrospectively reviewed HRCT findings from eight cases of HPS. All patients were men, aged 19-70 (mean, 41.7) years. Diagnoses were established by serological test (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in all patients. Two chest radiologists analyzed the images and reached decisions by consensus. The predominant HRCT findings were ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and smooth inter- and intralobular septal thickening, found in all eight cases; however, the crazy-paving pattern was found in only three cases. Pleural effusion and peribronchovascular thickening were observed in five patients. The abnormalities were bilateral in all patients. The predominant HRCT findings in patients with HPS were GGOs and smooth inter- and intralobular septal thickening, which probably correlate with the histopathologic findings of pulmonary edema.

[Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in endodontics: rational case selection criteria].

PubMed

Rosen, E; Tsesis, I

2016-01-01

To present rational case selection criteria for the use of CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) in endodontics. This article reviews the literature concerning the benefits of CBCT in endodontics, alongside its radiation risks, and present case selection criteria for referral of endodontic patients to CBCT. Up to date, the expected ultimate benefit of CBCT to the endodontic patient is yet uncertain, and the current literature is mainly restricted to its technical efficacy. In addition, the potential radiation risks of CBCT scan are stochastic in nature and uncertain, and are worrying especially in pediatric patients. Both the efficacy of CBCT in supporting the endodontic practitioner decision making and in affecting treatment outcomes, and its long term potential radiation risks are yet uncertain. Therefore, a cautious rational decision making is essential when a CBCT scan is considered in endodontics. Risk-benefit considerations are presented.

Report of a Rare Case: A Maxillary First Molar with Seven Canals Confirmed with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

PubMed Central

Kumar, Rahul

2014-01-01

Introduction: Coronal anatomic variations in permanent maxillary molars are unusual; conversely variations involving the number of root canals or number of roots are more common. Methods and Materials: This case report presents a successful nonsurgical endodontic therapy of left maxillary first molar with three roots and seven root canals. This unusual morphology was diagnosed using a dental operating microscope (DOM) and confirmed with the help of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Results: CBCT axial images showed that both of the palatal and distobuccal roots had Vertucci type II canal pattern, whereas the mesiobuccal root canal showed a Sert and Bayirli’s type XV configuration. Conclusion: The use of a DOM and CBCT imaging in endodontically challenging cases can facilitate a better understanding of the complex root canal anatomy, which ultimately enables the clinician to explore the root canal system, and therefore treat it far more efficiently. PMID:24688587

18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography in infective endocarditis.

PubMed

Salomäki, Soile Pauliina; Saraste, Antti; Kemppainen, Jukka; Bax, Jeroen J; Knuuti, Juhani; Nuutila, Pirjo; Seppänen, Marko; Roivainen, Anne; Airaksinen, Juhani; Pirilä, Laura; Oksi, Jarmo; Hohenthal, Ulla

2017-02-01

The diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE), especially the diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is challenging since echocardiographic findings are often scarce in the early phase of the disease. We studied the use of 2-[ 18 F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in IE. Sixteen patients with suspected PVE and 7 patients with NVE underwent visual evaluation of 18 F-FDG-PET/CT. 18 F-FDG uptake was measured also semiquantitatively as maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max ) and target-to-background ratio (TBR). The modified Duke criteria were used as a reference. There was strong, focal 18 F-FDG uptake in the area of the affected valve in all 6 cases of definite PVE, in 3 of 5 possible PVE cases, and in 2 of 5 rejected cases. In all patients with definite PVE, SUV max of the affected valve was higher than 4 and TBR higher than 1.8. In contrast to PVE, only 1 of 7 patients with NVE had uptake of 18 F-FDG by PET/CT in the valve area. Embolic infectious foci were detected in 58% of the patients with definite IE. 18 F-FDG-PET/CT appears to be a sensitive method for the detection of paravalvular infection associated with PVE. Instead, the sensitivity of PET/CT is limited in NVE.

Dual-energy computed tomographic virtual noncalcium algorithm for detection of bone marrow edema in acute fractures: early experiences.

PubMed

Reagan, Adrian C; Mallinson, Paul I; O'Connell, Timothy; McLaughlin, Patrick D; Krauss, Bernhard; Munk, Peter L; Nicolaou, Savvas; Ouellette, Hugue A

2014-01-01

Computed tomography (CT) is often used to assess the presence of occult fractures when plain radiographs are equivocal in the acute traumatic setting. While providing increased spatial resolution, conventional computed tomography is limited in the assessment of bone marrow edema, a finding that is readily detectable on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Dual-energy CT has recently been shown to demonstrate patterns of bone marrow edema similar to corresponding MRI studies. Dual-energy CT may therefore provide a convenient modality for further characterizing acute bony injury when MRI is not readily available. We report our initial experiences of 4 cases with imaging and clinical correlation.

Retrospective study of sonographic findings in bone involvement associated with rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy: preliminary results of a case series*

PubMed Central

Nogueira-Barbosa, Marcello H.; Gregio-Junior, Everaldo; Lorenzato, Mario Muller

2015-01-01

Objective The present study was aimed at investigating bone involvement secondary to rotator cuff calcific tendonitis at ultrasonography. Materials and Methods Retrospective study of a case series. The authors reviewed shoulder ultrasonography reports of 141 patients diagnosed with rotator cuff calcific tendonitis, collected from the computer-based data records of their institution over a four-year period. Imaging findings were retrospectively and consensually analyzed by two experienced musculoskeletal radiologists looking for bone involvement associated with calcific tendonitis. Only the cases confirmed by computed tomography were considered for descriptive analysis. Results Sonographic findings of calcific tendinopathy with bone involvement were observed in 7/141 (~ 5%) patients (mean age, 50.9 years; age range, 42-58 years; 42% female). Cortical bone erosion adjacent to tendon calcification was the most common finding, observed in 7/7 cases. Signs of intraosseous migration were found in 3/7 cases, and subcortical cysts in 2/7 cases. The findings were confirmed by computed tomography. Calcifications associated with bone abnormalities showed no acoustic shadowing at ultrasonography, favoring the hypothesis of resorption phase of the disease. Conclusion Preliminary results of the present study suggest that ultrasonography can identify bone abnormalities secondary to rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy, particularly the presence of cortical bone erosion. PMID:26811551

Retrospective study of sonographic findings in bone involvement associated with rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy: preliminary results of a case series.

PubMed

Nogueira-Barbosa, Marcello H; Gregio-Junior, Everaldo; Lorenzato, Mario Muller

2015-01-01

The present study was aimed at investigating bone involvement secondary to rotator cuff calcific tendonitis at ultrasonography. Retrospective study of a case series. The authors reviewed shoulder ultrasonography reports of 141 patients diagnosed with rotator cuff calcific tendonitis, collected from the computer-based data records of their institution over a four-year period. Imaging findings were retrospectively and consensually analyzed by two experienced musculoskeletal radiologists looking for bone involvement associated with calcific tendonitis. Only the cases confirmed by computed tomography were considered for descriptive analysis. Sonographic findings of calcific tendinopathy with bone involvement were observed in 7/141 (~ 5%) patients (mean age, 50.9 years; age range, 42-58 years; 42% female). Cortical bone erosion adjacent to tendon calcification was the most common finding, observed in 7/7 cases. Signs of intraosseous migration were found in 3/7 cases, and subcortical cysts in 2/7 cases. The findings were confirmed by computed tomography. Calcifications associated with bone abnormalities showed no acoustic shadowing at ultrasonography, favoring the hypothesis of resorption phase of the disease. Preliminary results of the present study suggest that ultrasonography can identify bone abnormalities secondary to rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy, particularly the presence of cortical bone erosion.

Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-computed Tomography Evaluation of an Interesting Case of Uterine Carcinosarcoma with Isolated Appendicular Skeletal Metastases.

PubMed

Harisankar, Chidambaram Natrajan Balasubramanian

2018-01-01

Uterine carcinosarcomas, also known as malignant mixed mullerian tumors, are one of the rare and most aggressive neoplasms of the uterus. They have an aggressive course and can spread to distant organs. Owing to the low incidence of these tumors, the optimal adjuvant management after surgery is not well established. Many patients develop distant metastases during follow-up. An interesting case of uterine carcinosarcoma who developed metastases to the femur, tibia, and calcaneum during follow is presented.

Relationship between the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score and the success rate of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography.

PubMed

Li, Hui; Jin, Dan; Qiao, Fang; Chen, Jianchang; Gong, Jianping

Computed tomography coronary angiography, a key method for obtaining coronary artery images, is widely used to screen for coronary artery diseases due to its noninvasive nature. In China, 64-slice computed tomography systems are now the most common models. As factors that directly affect computed tomography performance, heart rate and rhythm control are regulated by the autonomic nervous system and are highly related to the emotional state of the patient. The aim of this prospective study is to use a pre-computed tomography scan Self-Rating Anxiety Scale assessment to analyze the effects of tension and anxiety on computed tomography coronary angiography success. Subjects aged 18-85 years who were planned to undergo computed tomography coronary angiography were enrolled; 1 to 2 h before the computed tomography scan, basic patient data (gender, age, heart rate at rest, and family history) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score were obtained. The same group of imaging department doctors, technicians, and nurses performed computed tomography coronary angiography for all the enrolled subjects and observed whether those subjects could finish the computed tomography coronary angiography scan and provide clear, diagnostically valuable images. Participants were divided into successful (obtained diagnostically useful coronary images) and unsuccessful groups. Basic data and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale scores were compared between the groups. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale standard score of the successful group was lower than that of the unsuccessful group (P = 0.001). As the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale standard score rose, the success rate of computed tomography coronary angiography decreased. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score has a negative relationship with computed tomography coronary angiography success. Anxiety can be a disadvantage in computed tomography coronary angiography examination. The pre-computed tomography coronary angiography scan Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score may be a useful tool for assessing whether a computed tomography coronary angiography scan will be successful or not. © The Author(s) 2015.

Computed tomography manifestation of a triple-barreled aortic dissection: the Mercedes-Benz mark sign.

PubMed

Shin, M S; Zorn, G L; Ho, K J

1988-04-01

Computed tomographic (CT) findings of a rare case of triple-barreled aortic dissection was described. CT demonstrated the extent of dissection, a communication between two channels, and three lumens separated by the intimal flap and a thin undetached tunica media, resembling a Mercedes-Benz mark.

Unusual cortical bone features in a patient with gorlin-goltz syndrome: a case report.

PubMed

Tarnoki, Adam Domonkos; Tarnoki, David Laszlo; Klara Kiss, Katalin; Bata, Pal; Karlinger, Kinga; Banvolgyi, Andras; Wikonkal, Norbert; Berczi, Viktor

2014-12-01

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS) consists of ectodermal and mesodermal abnormalities. In this case report we will investigate lower extremity lesions of GGS. A 52-year-old man with GGS underwent skull and lower extremity computer tomography. Radiographic findings included cervical spondylosis, transparent areas with slurred margins, and cerebral falx calcification. Tibial and fibular specific cortical lesions (thin cortical and subcortical cystic lesions) were seen on the radiography, which was confirmed by computer tomography. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such a long lesion of the tibia and fibula. Specific lower extremity cortical lesions (thin cortical and subcortical cystic lesions) may occur and these abnormalities can be found on radiography or CT, which are most probably attributed to retinoid treatment.

Unusual Cortical Bone Features in a Patient with Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome: A Case Report

PubMed Central

Tarnoki, Adam Domonkos; Tarnoki, David Laszlo; Klara Kiss, Katalin; Bata, Pal; Karlinger, Kinga; Banvolgyi, Andras; Wikonkal, Norbert; Berczi, Viktor

2014-01-01

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS) consists of ectodermal and mesodermal abnormalities. In this case report we will investigate lower extremity lesions of GGS. A 52-year-old man with GGS underwent skull and lower extremity computer tomography. Radiographic findings included cervical spondylosis, transparent areas with slurred margins, and cerebral falx calcification. Tibial and fibular specific cortical lesions (thin cortical and subcortical cystic lesions) were seen on the radiography, which was confirmed by computer tomography. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such a long lesion of the tibia and fibula. Specific lower extremity cortical lesions (thin cortical and subcortical cystic lesions) may occur and these abnormalities can be found on radiography or CT, which are most probably attributed to retinoid treatment. PMID:25780550

Colonic obstruction secondary to incarcerated Spigelian hernia in a severely obese patient.

PubMed

Salemis, Nikolaos S; Kontoravdis, Nikolaos; Gourgiotis, Stavros; Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos; Gakis, Christos; Dimitrakopoulos, Georgios

2010-01-01

Spigelian hernia is a rare hernia of the ventral abdominal wall accounting for 1-2% of all hernias. Incarceration of a Spigelian hernia has been reported in 17-24% of the cases. We herein describe an extremely rare case of a colonic obstruction secondary to an incarcerated Spigelian hernia in a severely obese patient. Physical examination was inconclusive and diagnosis was established by computed tomography scans. The patient underwent an open intraperitoneal mesh repair. A high level of suspicion and awareness is required as clinical findings of a Spigelian hernia are often nonspecific especially in obese patients. Computed tomography scan provides detailed information for the surgical planning. Open mesh repair is safe in the emergent surgical intervention of a complicated Spigelian hernia in severely obese patients.

Colonic obstruction secondary to incarcerated Spigelian hernia in a severely obese patient

PubMed Central

Salemis, Nikolaos S.; Kontoravdis, Nikolaos; Gourgiotis, Stavros; Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos; Gakis, Christos; Dimitrakopoulos, Georgios

2010-01-01

Spigelian hernia is a rare hernia of the ventral abdominal wall accounting for 1–2% of all hernias. Incarceration of a Spigelian hernia has been reported in 17–24% of the cases. We herein describe an extremely rare case of a colonic obstruction secondary to an incarcerated Spigelian hernia in a severely obese patient. Physical examination was inconclusive and diagnosis was established by computed tomography scans. The patient underwent an open intraperitoneal mesh repair. A high level of suspicion and awareness is required as clinical findings of a Spigelian hernia are often nonspecific especially in obese patients. Computed tomography scan provides detailed information for the surgical planning. Open mesh repair is safe in the emergent surgical intervention of a complicated Spigelian hernia in severely obese patients. PMID:22096670

Endosonography and cytology in diagnosing and staging pancreatic body and tail carcinoma: Preliminary results of endosonographic guided puncture

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tio, T.L.; Sie, L.H.; Tytgat, G.N.J.

1993-01-01

Endosonography was performed in diagnosing and staging pancreatic body and tail carcinoma in two patients. In the first case endoscopy, abdominal ultrasound, and computed tomography were nondiagnostic in diagnosing the origin of submucosal gastric abnormalities. Endosonography diagnosed a pancreatic tail carcinoma with submucosal gastric involvement, and this was confirmed by endosonographic-guided cytology. Fundus varices due to segmented splenic vein involvement were found. Surgery was not recommended due to the advanced disease. In the second case pancreatic body carcinoma was diagnosed by ERCP and computed tomography. Transcutaneous ultrasonographic-guided cytological puncture confirmed the diagnosis. Endosonography revealed additional information of segmental portal hypertensionmore » with fundic varices due to splenic vein involvement. Autopsy confirmed the endosonographic diagnosis. 18 refs., 5 figs.« less

A rare case of recurrent ovarian cancer presenting as a round ligament metastasis.

PubMed

Togami, Shinichi; Kato, Tomoyasu; Oi, Takateru; Ishikawa, Mitsuya; Onda, Takashi; Ikeda, Shun-ichi; Kasamatsu, Takahiro

2011-11-07

We report a rare case of recurrent ovarian cancer presenting as a round ligament metastasis. A 44-year-old woman presented with a lower abdominal mass. Computed tomography showed a pelvic mass. Primary surgery was performed. A histopathological examination showed an ovarian serous adenocarcinoma of Stage IIIb. The patient received 6 cycles of paclitaxel and carboplatin. Almost 2 years after the initial operation, the patient noticed a left inguinal mass. Computed tomography showed a left inguinal mass, 18 mm in size. An excisional biopsy was performed and the tumor was found to originate in the left round ligament. A histopathological examination showed serous adenocarcinoma and there was no evidence of lymph node tissue. Recurrence of ovarian cancer in the round ligament is extremely rare. This unique case suggests, however, that the round ligament in rare cases may be a recurrence site for ovarian cancer, and that accurate differentiation including confirmation by diagnostic imaging and excisional biopsy, is necessary for a definitive pathological diagnosis.

Endovascular Treatment of Splenic Artery Aneurysm With a Stent-Graft: A Case Report.

PubMed

Guang, Li-Jun; Wang, Jian-Feng; Wei, Bao-Jie; Gao, Kun; Huang, Qiang; Zhai, Ren-You

2015-12-01

Splenic artery aneurysm, one of the most common visceral aneurysms, accounts for 60% of all visceral aneurysm cases. Open surgery is the traditional treatment for splenic artery aneurysm but has the disadvantages of serious surgical injuries, a high risk of complications, and a high mortality rate.We report a case who was presented with splenic artery aneurysm. A 54-year-old woman complained of upper left abdominal pain for 6 months. An enhanced computed tomography scan of the upper abdomen indicated the presence of splenic artery aneurysm. The splenic artery aneurysm was located under digital subtraction angiography and a 6/60 mm stent graft was delivered and released to cover the aneurysm. An enhanced computed tomography scan showed that the splenic artery aneurysm remained well separated, the stent graft shape was normal, and the blood flow was unobstructed after 1 year.This case indicates a satisfactory efficacy proving the minimal invasiveness of stent graft exclusion treatment for splenic artery aneurysm.

Laparoscopic resection of an epidermoid cyst within an intrapancreatic accessory spleen: a case report and review article.

PubMed

Harris, Andrew Charles; Chaudry, Mohammed Asif; Menzies, Donald; Conn, Paul Chandler

2012-08-01

We report a case of an epidermoid cyst within an intrapancreatic accessory spleen that was treated by laparoscopic excision. A 39-year-old man with no abdominal symptoms was incidentally found to have a cystic pancreatic lesion on computed tomography scan undertaken for suspected deep vein thrombosis. Further computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed similar findings and the laparoscopic resection of the distal pancreas and spleen was undertaken as malignancy could not be excluded. Microscopic analysis revealed a well-circumscribed epidermoid cyst within a thin splenic rim in the tail of the pancreas. Such histologic diagnoses are extremely rare, and this is the 26th case report to our knowledge in English language journals. These lesions should be treated surgically to exclude malignancy. This is the first case reported in the United Kingdom and the first to be excised by pure laparoscopic means, which we believe provides effective and successful surgical management.

11C-Methionine Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Versus 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Evaluation of Residual or Recurrent World Health Organization Grades II and III Meningioma After Treatment.

PubMed

Tomura, Noriaki; Saginoya, Toshiyuki; Goto, Hiromi

2018-04-02

The aim of this study was to determine the assessment of positron emission tomography-computed tomography using C-methionine (MET PET/CT) for World Health Organization (WHO) grades II and III meningiomas; MET PET/CT was compared with PET/CT using F-fluorodeoxy glucose (FDG PET/CT). This study was performed in 17 cases with residual and/or recurrent WHO grades II and III meningiomas. Two neuroradiologists reviewed both PET/CT scans. For agreement, the κ coefficient was measured. Difference in tumor-to-normal brain uptake ratios (T/N ratios) between 2 PET/CT scans was analyzed. Correlation between the maximum tumor size and T/N ratio in PET/CT was studied. For agreement by both reviewers, the κ coefficient was 0.51 (P < 0.05). The T/N ratio was significantly higher for MET PET/CT (3.24 ± 1.36) than for FDG PET/CT (0.93 ± 0.44) (P < 0.01). C-methionine ratio significantly correlated with tumor size (y = 8.1x + 16.3, n = 22, P < 0.05), but FDG ratio did not CONCLUSIONS: C-methionine PET/CT has superior potential for imaging of WHO grades II and III meningiomas with residual or recurrent tumors compared with FDG PET/CT.

Computed Tomography (CT) - Spine

MedlinePlus

... Resources Professions Site Index A-Z Computed Tomography (CT) - Spine Computed tomography (CT) of the spine is ... of CT Scanning of the Spine? What is CT Scanning of the Spine? Computed tomography, more commonly ...

Multidetector computed tomography diagnosis of gastric volvulus through the foramen of Morgagni.

PubMed

Lecouvet, S; Coulier, B; Pierard, F; Gogoase, M; Coppens, J P; Van Hoof, M

2014-01-01

Morgagni hernia is considered to be the rarest form of all diaphragmatic hernias. It develops through a congenital defect in the retrosternal area. Usually asymptomatic, this entity can lead to life-threatening complications such as incarceration, strangulation or volvulus of the herniated viscus. We hereby report a rare case of organoaxial gastric volvulus producing through the foramen of Morgagni in a 78-year-old woman. The full diagnosis was made by upper gastro-intestinal series and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). The basic anatomy, physiopathology, diagnostic methods, complications and surgical treatment of Morgagni hernia are briefly reviewed.

Clinical applications of cone beam computed tomography in endodontics: A comprehensive review.

PubMed

Cohenca, Nestor; Shemesh, Hagay

2015-06-01

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a new technology that produces three-dimensional (3D) digital imaging at reduced cost and less radiation for the patient than traditional CT scans. It also delivers faster and easier image acquisition. By providing a 3D representation of the maxillofacial tissues in a cost- and dose-efficient manner, a better preoperative assessment can be obtained for diagnosis and treatment. This comprehensive review presents current applications of CBCT in endodontics. Specific case examples illustrate the difference in treatment planning with traditional periapical radiography versus CBCT technology.

Catheter-Malposition-Induced Cardiac Tamponade via Contrast Media Leakage During Computed Tomography Study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liang, C.-D.; Ko, S.-F.; Huang, C.-F.

We present a rare case of a central venous catheter-malposition-induced life-threatening cardiac tamponade as a result of computed tomography (CT) with contrast enhancement in an infant with a ventricular septal defect and pulmonary atresia after a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt. The diagnosis was confirmed by chest radiographs and CT study with catheter perforation through the right atrial wall and extravasation of the contrast medium into the pericardium, leading to cardiac tamponade and subsequent circulatory collapse. Two hours after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the patient gradually resumed normal hemodynamic status.

A Case Report of Human Infection with Dioctophyma Renale from Iran.

PubMed

Norouzi, Roghayeh; Manochehri, Arman; Hanifi, Mustafa

2017-03-16

A 75-year-old man from Kurdistan province, western part of Iran was diagnosed with a mass in the right kidney by ultrasound and computed tomography. In operation, a parasitic helminth, 30 cm long and 1.2 cm in diameter consistent with D. renale was found in the right kidney. Microscopic examination revealed that the male Dioctophyma renale. Following removal of worm, the symptoms completely resolved within a few hours. Generally, parasitism by D. renale in human is a necropsy finding, nevertheless imaging techniques as ultrasound and computed tomography have been proven to be important tool to achieve diagnosis.

Trauma Patient with Fat Embolism Detected on Computed Tomography.

PubMed

Sousa, Isabel; Janeiro, João; Campos, Paula; Távora, Isabel

2017-01-31

Fat embolism is frequent following fractures of long bones, however the development of the clinical syndrome of fat embolism (characterized by progressive respiratory distress, mental status depression and petechial rash) is rare, but relevant because of its potential severity. We report a case of a trauma patient with multiple fractures of the right lower limb in whom an emergency computed tomography scan showed fat emboli within the lumen of the homolateral common femoral vein. The imaging detection of macroscopic fat emboli should alert the clinician to the potential for subsequent fat embolism syndrome.

Common Postmortem Computed Tomography Findings Following Atraumatic Death: Differentiation between Normal Postmortem Changes and Pathologic Lesions

PubMed Central

Gonoi, Wataru; Okuma, Hidemi; Shirota, Go; Shintani, Yukako; Abe, Hiroyuki; Takazawa, Yutaka; Fukayama, Masashi; Ohtomo, Kuni

2015-01-01

Computed tomography (CT) is widely used in postmortem investigations as an adjunct to the traditional autopsy in forensic medicine. To date, several studies have described postmortem CT findings as being caused by normal postmortem changes. However, on interpretation, postmortem CT findings that are seemingly due to normal postmortem changes initially, may not have been mere postmortem artifacts. In this pictorial essay, we describe the common postmortem CT findings in cases of atraumatic in-hospital death and describe the diagnostic pitfalls of normal postmortem changes that can mimic real pathologic lesions. PMID:26175579

Ceftriaxone-associated pancreatitis captured on serial computed tomography scans.

PubMed

Nakagawa, Nozomu; Ochi, Nobuaki; Yamane, Hiromichi; Honda, Yoshihiro; Nagasaki, Yasunari; Urata, Noriyo; Nakanishi, Hidekazu; Kawamoto, Hirofumi; Takigawa, Nagio

2018-02-01

A 74-year-old man was treated with ceftriaxone for 5 days and subsequently experienced epigastric pain. Computed tomography (CT) was performed 7 and 3 days before epigastralgia. Although the first CT image revealed no radiographic signs in his biliary system, the second CT image revealed dense radiopaque material in the gallbladder lumen. The third CT image, taken at symptom onset, showed high density in the common bile duct and enlargement of the pancreatic head. This is a very rare case of pseudolithiasis involving the common bile duct, as captured on a series of CT images.

Hypertensive crisis due to contrast-enhanced computed tomography in a patient with malignant pheochromocytoma.

PubMed

Nakano, Sachiko; Tsushima, Yoshito; Taketomi-Takahashi, Ayako; Higuchi, Tetsuya; Amanuma, Makoto; Oriuchi, Noboru; Endo, Keigo

2011-07-01

A 63-year-old man underwent computed tomography (CT) using intravenous low-osmolar iodine contrast medium (LOCM) 6 days after undergoing high-dose (131)I-MIBG therapy for metastatic pheochromocytoma. Immediately after the CT examination, his blood pressure increased to 260/160 mmHg (from 179/101 mmHg before the examination). Phentolamine mesilate was administered, and the blood pressure rapidly went back to normal. Although hypertensive crisis after administration of LOCM is rare, this case suggests that high-dose (131)IMIBG therapy may be a risk factor for hypertensive crisis after administration of intravenous LOCM.

Hepatocellular carcinoma in Riedel's lobe.

PubMed

Zamfir, R; Braşoveanu, V; Boroş, M; Herlea, V; Popescu, I

2008-01-01

We present a rare case of 65-year female with right abdominal mass and abdominal discomfort; a combination of Doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography and laparotomy was utilized to make a diagnosis of tumoral Riedel's lobe. In our case, laparotomy with resection of Riedel's lobe was the proper therapeutical solution.

Congenital anomalies of the left brachiocephalic vein detected in adults on computed tomography.

PubMed

Yamamuro, Hiroshi; Ichikawa, Tamaki; Hashimoto, Jun; Ono, Shun; Nagata, Yoshimi; Kawada, Shuichi; Kobayashi, Makiko; Koizumi, Jun; Shibata, Takeo; Imai, Yutaka

2017-10-01

Anomalous left brachiocephalic vein (BCV) is a rare and less known systemic venous anomaly. We evaluated congenital anomalies of the left BCV in adults detected during computed tomography (CT) examinations. This retrospective study included 81,425 patients without congenital heart disease who underwent chest CT. We reviewed the recorded reports and CT images for congenital anomalies of the left BCV including aberrant and supernumerary BCVs. The associated congenital aortic anomalies were assessed. Among 73,407 cases at a university hospital, 22 (16 males, 6 females; mean age, 59 years) with aberrant left BCVs were found using keyword research on recorded reports (0.03%). Among 8018 cases at the branch hospital, 5 (4 males, 1 female; mean age, 67 years) with aberrant left BCVs were found using CT image review (0.062%). There were no significant differences in incidences of aberrant left BCV between the two groups. Two cases had double left BCVs. Eleven cases showed high aortic arches. Two cases had the right aortic arch, one case had an incomplete double aortic arch, and one case was associated with coarctation. Aberrant left BCV on CT examination in adults was extremely rare. Some cases were associated with aortic arch anomalies.

Clinical value of whole body fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the detection of metastatic bladder cancer.

PubMed

Yang, Zhongyi; Pan, Lingling; Cheng, Jingyi; Hu, Silong; Xu, Junyan; Ye, Dingwei; Zhang, Yingjian

2012-07-01

To investigate the value of whole-body fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for the detection of metastatic bladder cancer. From December 2006 to August 2010, 60 bladder cancer patients (median age 60.5 years old, range 32-96) underwent whole body positron emission tomography/computed tomography positron emission tomography/computed tomography. The diagnostic accuracy was assessed by performing both organ-based and patient-based analyses. Identified lesions were further studied by biopsy or clinically followed for at least 6 months. One hundred and thirty-four suspicious lesions were identified. Among them, 4 primary cancers (2 pancreatic cancers, 1 colonic and 1 nasopharyngeal cancer) were incidentally detected, and the patients could be treated on time. For the remaining 130 lesions, positron emission tomography/computed tomography detected 118 true positive lesions (sensitivity = 95.9%). On the patient-based analysis, the overall sensitivity and specificity resulted to be 87.1% and 89.7%, respectively. There was no difference of sensitivity and specificity in patients with or without adjuvant treatment in terms of detection of metastatic sites by positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Compared with conventional imaging modality, positron emission tomography/computed tomography correctly changed the management in 15 patients (25.0%). Positron emission tomography/computed tomography has excellent sensitivity and specificity in the detection of metastatic bladder cancer and it provides additional diagnostic information compared to standard imaging techniques. © 2012 The Japanese Urological Association.

Visibility of Different Intraorbital Foreign Bodies Using Plain Radiography, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: An In Vitro Study.

PubMed

Javadrashid, Reza; Golamian, Masoud; Shahrzad, Maryam; Hajalioghli, Parisa; Shahmorady, Zahra; Fouladi, Daniel F; Sadrarhami, Shohreh; Akhoundzadeh, Leila

2017-05-01

The study sought to compare the usefulness of 4 imaging modalities in visualizing various intraorbital foreign bodies (IOFBs) in different sizes. Six different materials including metal, wood, plastic, stone, glass. and graphite were cut in cylindrical shapes in 4 sizes (dimensions: 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mm) and placed intraorbitally in the extraocular space of fresh sheep's head. Four skilled radiologists rated the visibility of the objects individually using plain radiography, spiral computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in accordance with a previously described grading system. Excluding wood, all embedded foreign bodies were best visualized in CT and CBCT images with almost equal accuracies. Wood could only be detected using MRI, and then only when fragments were more than 2 mm in size. There were 3 false-positive MRI reports, suggesting air bubbles as wood IOFBs. Because of lower cost and using less radiation in comparison with conventional CT, CBCT can be used as the initial imaging technique in cases with suspected IOFBs. Optimal imaging technique for wood IOFBs is yet to be defined. Copyright © 2016 Canadian Association of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of computed tomography angiography in detection and staging of small bowel carcinoid tumors

PubMed Central

Bonekamp, David; Raman, Siva P; Horton, Karen M; Fishman, Elliot K

2015-01-01

Small-bowel carcinoid tumors are the most common form (42%) of gastrointestinal carcinoids, which by themselves comprise 70% of neuroendocrine tumors. Although primary small bowel neoplasms are overall rare (3%-6% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms), carcinoids still represent the second most common (20%-30%) primary small-bowel malignancy after small bowel adenocarcinoma. Their imaging evaluation is often challenging. State-of-the-art high-resolution multiphasic computed tomography together with advanced postprocessing methods provides an excellent tool for their depiction. The manifold interactive parameter choices however require knowledge of when to use which technique. Here, we discuss the imaging appearance and evaluation of duodenal, jejunal and ileal carcinoid tumors, including the imaging features of the primary tumor, locoregional mesenteric nodal metastases, and distant metastatic disease. A protocol for optimal lesion detection is presented, including the use of computed tomography enterography, volume acquisition, computed tomography angiography and three-dimensional mapping. Imaging findings are illustrated with a series of challenging cases which illustrate the spectrum of possible disease in the small bowel and mesentery, the range of possible appearances in the bowel itself on multiphase data and extraluminal findings such as the desmoplastic reaction in mesentery and hypervascular liver metastases. Typical imaging pitfalls and pearls are illustrated. PMID:26435774

Use of computed tomography and radiolabeled leukocytes in a cat with pancreatitis.

PubMed

Head, Laurie L; Daniel, Gregory B; Becker, Timothy J; Lidbetter, David A

2005-01-01

The normal feline pancreas has been evaluated using radiolabeled leukocytes (99mTc-HMPAO) and computed tomography. The purpose of this report is to describe a clinical case where both modalities were utilized to assess the inflamed feline pancreas. A nine year old female cat presented with anorexia, depression and some vomiting. Blood values were unremarkable. Radiographs and ultrasound were suggestive of pancreatitis. The cat's leukocytes were separated and labeled according to an established protocol. Whole body images were acquired immediately, at 5 and 30 min, and at 1, 2, 4, and 17 hours post injection. Approximately 48 h later, the animal was anesthetized and computed tomography of the abdomen was preformed both pre and post contrast. Surgical biopsies were taken. The distribution of the WBCs was similar to that documented in normal animals, however, at 2 h there was faint uptake seen in the region of the pancreas. This uptake became more intense at 4 h and persisted at 17 h. Computed tomography showed irregular margination of the pancreas, it was larger than normal and inhomogeneous. Contrast enhancement was inhomogeneous and its peak enhancement was not reached until 10 min post injection; normal feline pancreas enhances homogeneously and peaks immediately. Histopathology confirmed pancreatitis with lymphocytic, plasmacytic, neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation and fibrosis. Radiolabeled leukocytes can be used to document pancreatic inflammation and this is best seen 4 h after injection. Computed tomography allows superior visualization of the pancreas. Both the appearance and contrast enhancement pattern of the inflamed pancreas differ from normal.

Usefulness of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Automatic Vessel Detection Software in Emergency Transarterial Embolization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carrafiello, Gianpaolo, E-mail: gcarraf@gmail.com; Ierardi, Anna Maria, E-mail: amierardi@yahoo.it; Duka, Ejona, E-mail: ejonaduka@hotmail.com

BackgroundThis study was designed to evaluate the utility of dual phase cone beam computed tomography (DP-CBCT) and automatic vessel detection (AVD) software to guide transarterial embolization (TAE) of angiographically challenging arterial bleedings in emergency settings.MethodsTwenty patients with an arterial bleeding at computed tomography angiography and an inconclusive identification of the bleeding vessel at the initial 2D angiographic series were included. Accuracy of DP-CBCT and AVD software were defined as the ability to detect the bleeding site and the culprit arterial bleeder, respectively. Technical success was defined as the correct positioning of the microcatheter using AVD software. Clinical success was definedmore » as the successful embolization. Total volume of iodinated contrast medium and overall procedure time were registered.ResultsThe bleeding site was not detected by initial angiogram in 20 % of cases, while impossibility to identify the bleeding vessel was the reason for inclusion in the remaining cases. The bleeding site was detected by DP-CBCT in 19 of 20 (95 %) patients; in one case CBCT-CT fusion was required. AVD software identified the culprit arterial branch in 18 of 20 (90 %) cases. In two cases, vessel tracking required manual marking of the candidate arterial bleeder. Technical success was 95 %. Successful embolization was achieved in all patients. Mean contrast volume injected for each patient was 77.5 ml, and mean overall procedural time was 50 min.ConclusionsC-arm CBCT and AVD software during TAE of angiographically challenging arterial bleedings is feasible and may facilitate successful embolization. Staff training in CBCT imaging and software manipulation is necessary.« less

Computer-assisted virtual preoperative planning in orthopedic surgery for acetabular fractures based on actual computed tomography data.

PubMed

Wang, Guang-Ye; Huang, Wen-Jun; Song, Qi; Qin, Yun-Tian; Liang, Jin-Feng

2016-12-01

Acetabular fractures have always been very challenging for orthopedic surgeons; therefore, appropriate preoperative evaluation and planning are particularly important. This study aimed to explore the application methods and clinical value of preoperative computer simulation (PCS) in treating pelvic and acetabular fractures. Spiral computed tomography (CT) was performed on 13 patients with pelvic and acetabular fractures, and Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data were then input into Mimics software to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) models of actual pelvic and acetabular fractures for preoperative simulative reduction and fixation, and to simulate each surgical procedure. The times needed for virtual surgical modeling and reduction and fixation were also recorded. The average fracture-modeling time was 45 min (30-70 min), and the average time for bone reduction and fixation was 28 min (16-45 min). Among the surgical approaches planned for these 13 patients, 12 were finally adopted; 12 cases used the simulated surgical fixation, and only 1 case used a partial planned fixation method. PCS can provide accurate surgical plans and data support for actual surgeries.

Evaluation of a computer-aided detection algorithm for timely diagnosis of small acute intracranial hemorrhage on computed tomography in a critical care environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Joon K.; Chan, Tao; Liu, Brent J.; Huang, H. K.

2009-02-01

Detection of acute intracranial hemorrhage (AIH) is a primary task in the interpretation of computed tomography (CT) brain scans of patients suffering from acute neurological disturbances or after head trauma. Interpretation can be difficult especially when the lesion is inconspicuous or the reader is inexperienced. We have previously developed a computeraided detection (CAD) algorithm to detect small AIH. One hundred and thirty five small AIH CT studies from the Los Angeles County (LAC) + USC Hospital were identified and matched by age and sex with one hundred and thirty five normal studies. These cases were then processed using our AIH CAD system to evaluate the efficacy and constraints of the algorithm.

Differential diagnosis of endodontic-related inferior alveolar nerve paraesthesia with cone beam computed tomography: a case report.

PubMed

Gambarini, G; Plotino, G; Grande, N M; Testarelli, L; Prencipe, M; Messineo, D; Fratini, L; D'Ambrosio, F

2011-02-01

To discuss the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the differential diagnosis of a case of labiomandibular paraesthesia caused by extrusion of endodontic sealer into the mandibular canal. A 59-year-old woman suffering from a paraesthesia on the left posterior mandible and numbness on the left side of the lower lip was referred to an endodontic specialist 1 month after multiple root canal treatments. A panoramic radiograph revealed the presence of extruded root filling material beyond the apex of the mesial root of the mandibular left second molar and also beyond the apex of the first premolar. A cone beam computed tomography examination was undertaken, which confirmed the presence of radiopaque root canal filling material in the periapical area of the second molar, and revealed that the material was inside the mandibular canal. No extruded filling material was found inside the mental foramen beyond the apex of the first premolar tooth. Small field of view CBCT (where possible) can be considered an effective radiographic diagnostic device when endodontic-related inferior alveolar nerve or mental foramen paraesthesia are suspected. CBCT is able to provide detailed three-dimensional images of the tooth, the root canal system and the surrounding tissue. © 2010 International Endodontic Journal.

Arterial infusion chemotherapy in patient with repeated recurrent tumor of cecal cancer: report of a case.

PubMed

Ogawa, Masaichi; Takao, Yoshihiko; Watanabe, Michiaki; Eto, Ken; Yamagata, Tetsuya; Ushigome, Takurou; Anazawa, Sadao; Yanaga, Katsuhiko

2008-12-01

We report a patient with a repeated recurrent tumor after Right-hemicolectomy for advanced cecal cancer who was treated by intra-arterial infusions of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). A computed tomography scan revealed a pelvic mass involving the psoas major muscle and quadratos lumborum muscle, in contact with the widely projecting toward L2-S2. The fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) revealed an accumulation spot in the same place. This case was deemed in operable, and one-shot bolus of 5-FU was administered through the tumor feeding arteries: the left 3rd, 4th lumbar, and ilio -- lumbar arteries at a dosage of 250 mg/body from each artery. A partial regression of the tumor was observed by computed tomography. The serum level of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 returned normal in 8 months. During chemotherapy, the side effect and complications were tolerable, and she experienced only grade-1 nausea caused by 5-fluorouracil. A long-time, intra-arterial 5-fluorouracil infusion could control effectively and safely.

Keratinizing dentigerous cyst

PubMed Central

Sivasankar, Vaishnavi; Ranganathan, Kannan; Praveen, B

2014-01-01

Keratinizing dentigerous cyst is a rare entity. This article reports a case of keratinizing dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted mandibular canine. Clinical and radiological features, cone-beam computed tomography findings and histological features of the case are reported along with a discussion on keratinizing odontogenic cysts and the need for follow-up. PMID:24808713

The use of postmortem computed tomography in the diagnosis of intentional medication overdose.

PubMed

Burke, Michael P; O'Donnell, Chris; Bassed, Richard

2012-09-01

The recognition of a well defined basal layer of radio dense material on the postmortem computed tomography (CT) images, in the setting of typical scene findings of an intentional medication overdose and unremarkable external examination of the deceased's body can, in certain circumstances, permit such cases to be managed without routine full autopsy examination. Preliminary toxicological analysis can be targeted to such cases to provide further supportive evidence of intentional medication overdose. In cases where the scene findings are ambiguous or have been contaminated the postmortem CT images may alert the pathologist of the possibility of overdose in an otherwise apparently natural death. We reviewed 61 cases of documented intentional therapeutic medication overdose and 61 control cases. In the majority of the cases of confirmed intentional therapeutic medication overdose the CT images showed no diagnostic features. However, in many cases a well defined basal layer of radio-opaque material was clearly seen to line the gastric mucosa. The postmortem CT pattern which we believe to be highly suggestive of intentional medication overdose must be differentiated from other causes of increased radio density in the stomach which include CT artefacts.

Treatment of eight dogs with nasal tumours with alternating doses of doxorubicin and carboplatin in conjunction with oral piroxicam.

PubMed

Langova, V; Mutsaers, A J; Phillips, B; Straw, R

2004-11-01

To determine the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy in the treatment of canine nasal tumours. Retrospective clinical study Eight dogs with histologically confirmed nasal tumours were staged by means of complete blood count, serum biochemical analysis, cytological analysis of fine needle aspirate of the regional lymph nodes, thoracic radiographs and computed tomography scan of the nasal cavity. All dogs were treated with alternating doses of doxorubicin, carboplatin and oral piroxicam. All dogs were monitored for side effects of chemotherapy and evaluated for response to treatment by computed tomography scan of the nasal cavity after the first four treatments. Complete remission was achieved in four dogs, partial remission occurred in two dogs and two had stable disease on the basis of computed tomography evaluation. There was resolution of clinical signs after one to two doses of chemotherapy in all dogs. This chemotherapy protocol was efficacious and well tolerated in this series of eight cases of canine nasal tumours.

Acute Perforated Diverticulitis: Assessment With Multidetector Computed Tomography.

PubMed

Sessa, Barbara; Galluzzo, Michele; Ianniello, Stefania; Pinto, Antonio; Trinci, Margherita; Miele, Vittorio

2016-02-01

Colonic diverticulitis is a common condition in the western population. Complicated diverticulitis is defined as the presence of extraluminal air or abscess, peritonitis, colon occlusion, or fistulas. Multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) is the modality of choice for the diagnosis and the staging of diverticulitis and its complications, which enables performing an accurate differential diagnosis and addressing the patients to a correct management. MDCT is accurate in diagnosing the site of perforation in approximately 85% of cases, by the detection of direct signs (focal bowel wall discontinuity, extraluminal gas, and extraluminal enteric contrast) and indirect signs, which are represented by segmental bowel wall thickening, abnormal bowel wall enhancement, perivisceral fat stranding of fluid, and abscess. MDCT is accurate in the differentiation from complicated colon diverticulitis and colon cancer, often with a similar imaging. The computed tomography-guided classification is recommended to discriminate patients with mild diverticulitis, generally treated with antibiotics, from those with severe diverticulitis with a large abscess, which may be drained with a percutaneous approach. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Inpainting approaches to fill in detector gaps in phase contrast computed tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brun, F.; Delogu, P.; Longo, R.; Dreossi, D.; Rigon, L.

2018-01-01

Photon counting semiconductor detectors in radiation imaging present attractive properties, such as high efficiency, low noise, and energy sensitivity. The very complex electronics limits the sensitive area of current devices to a few square cm. This disadvantage is often compensated by tiling a larger matrix with an adequate number of detector units but this usually results in non-negligible insensitive gaps between two adjacent modules. When considering the case of Computed Tomography (CT), these gaps lead to degraded reconstructed images with severe streak and ring artifacts. This work presents two digital image processing solutions to fill in these gaps when considering the specific case of synchrotron radiation x-ray parallel beam phase contrast CT. While not discussed with experimental data, other CT modalities, such as spectral, cone beam and other geometries might benefit from the presented approaches.

Multislice computed tomography with colon water distension (MSCT-c) in the study of intestinal and ureteral endometriosis.

PubMed

Iosca, Simona; Lumia, Domenico; Bracchi, Elena; Duka, Ejona; De Bon, Monica; Lekaj, Manjola; Uccella, Stefano; Ghezzi, Fabio; Fugazzola, Carlo

2013-01-01

This study evaluates retrospectively the accuracy and reproducibility of multislice computed tomography with colon water distension (MSCT-c) in diagnosing bowel (BE) and ureteral (UE) endometriosis. Sixty-four patients underwent MSCT-c and videolaparoscopic surgery. Two radiologists reviewed MSCT-c examinations: sensitivity and specificity were calculated, considering histological exam as reference standard. In the BE cases, the degree of bowel wall infiltration was also assessed. Sensitivity and specificity for both readers were 100% and 97.6% for BE and 72.2% and 100% for UE; the interobserver agreement was excellent. The degree of bowel wall involvement was correctly defined in 90.9% of cases. MSCT-c is an accurate and reproducible technique but-considering the age of the patients-delivers a nonnegligible radiation dose. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Computed tomography image-guided surgery in complex acetabular fractures.

PubMed

Brown, G A; Willis, M C; Firoozbakhsh, K; Barmada, A; Tessman, C L; Montgomery, A

2000-01-01

Eleven complex acetabular fractures in 10 patients were treated by open reduction with internal fixation incorporating computed tomography image guided software intraoperatively. Each of the implants placed under image guidance was found to be accurate and without penetration of the pelvis or joint space. The setup time for the system was minimal. Accuracy in the range of 1 mm was found when registration was precise (eight cases) and was in the range of 3.5 mm when registration was only approximate (three cases). Added benefits included reduced intraoperative fluoroscopic time, less need for more extensive dissection, and obviation of additional surgical approaches in some cases. Compared with a series of similar fractures treated before this image guided series, the reduction in operative time was significant. For patients with complex anterior and posterior combined fractures, the average operation times with and without application of three-dimensional imaging technique were, respectively, 5 hours 15 minutes and 6 hours 14 minutes, revealing 16% less operative time for those who had surgery using image guidance. In the single column fracture group, the operation time for those with three-dimensional imaging application, was 2 hours 58 minutes and for those with traditional surgery, 3 hours 42 minutes, indicating 20% less operative time for those with imaging modality. Intraoperative computed tomography guided imagery was found to be an accurate and suitable method for use in the operative treatment of complex acetabular fractures with substantial displacement.

Advancements in optical techniques and imaging in the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer.

PubMed

Rose, Tracy L; Lotan, Yair

2018-03-01

Accurate detection and staging is critical to the appropriate management of urothelial cancer (UC). The use of advanced optical techniques during cystoscopy is becoming more widespread to prevent recurrent nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Standard of care for muscle-invasive UC includes the use of computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging, but staging accuracy of these tests remains imperfect. Novel imaging modalities are being developed to improve current test performance. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography has a role in the initial evaluation of select patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer and in disease recurrence in some cases. Several novel immuno-positron emission tomography tracers are currently in development to address the inadequacy of current imaging modalities for monitoring of tumor response to newer immune-based treatments. This review summaries the current standards and recent advances in optical techniques and imaging modalities in localized and metastatic UC. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Usefulness of positron emission tomography in primary intestinal follicular lymphoma

PubMed Central

Tari, Akira; Asaoku, Hideki; Kunihiro, Masaki; Tanaka, Shinji; Yoshino, Tadashi

2013-01-01

Double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) and video capsule endoscopy are useful for the diagnosis of lymphoma in the small intestine. However, DBE cannot be safely performed in cases with passage disturbance due to wall thickening and stenosis. Additionally, video capsule endoscopy cannot be performed in such cases because of the risk of retention. Here, we report 4 cases of primary follicular lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract that could be detected using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET-CT). The endoscopic findings of these 4 cases included lesions with wall thickening, which comprised macroscopically clusters of nodules, dense clusters of whitish granules or small nodules, fold thickening and ulcers with irregular margins that occupied the whole lumen with edematous mucosa. All patients fulfilled the World Health Organization grade 1 criteria. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT can help predict the risks that may result from certain endoscopic examinations, such as DBE and video capsule endoscopy. PMID:23569346

Three-dimensional photoacoustic tomography based on graphics-processing-unit-accelerated finite element method.

PubMed

Peng, Kuan; He, Ling; Zhu, Ziqiang; Tang, Jingtian; Xiao, Jiaying

2013-12-01

Compared with commonly used analytical reconstruction methods, the frequency-domain finite element method (FEM) based approach has proven to be an accurate and flexible algorithm for photoacoustic tomography. However, the FEM-based algorithm is computationally demanding, especially for three-dimensional cases. To enhance the algorithm's efficiency, in this work a parallel computational strategy is implemented in the framework of the FEM-based reconstruction algorithm using a graphic-processing-unit parallel frame named the "compute unified device architecture." A series of simulation experiments is carried out to test the accuracy and accelerating effect of the improved method. The results obtained indicate that the parallel calculation does not change the accuracy of the reconstruction algorithm, while its computational cost is significantly reduced by a factor of 38.9 with a GTX 580 graphics card using the improved method.

[A case of malignant lymphoma successfully diagnosed using Sasada transbronchial angled biopsy forceps].

PubMed

Komori, Chika; Sasada, Shinji; Okamoto, Norio; Kawahara, Kunimitsu; Uehara, Nobuko; Shimada, Kazutaka; Kuhara, Hanako; Terada, Haruko; Tsujino, Kazuyuki; Matsunashi, Tatsuro; Minami, Toshiyuki; Suzuki, Hidekazu; Kobayashi, Masashi; Hirashima, Tomonori; Matsui, Kaoru; Kawase, Ichiro; Kusunoki, Yoko

2009-01-01

A 68-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to general fatigue, fever and weight loss. His chest radiograph showed a nodule (2.8 cm) in the right middle lobe. Computed tomography and positron emission tomography showed multiple metastases to the bone, liver and lymph nodes. The lung nodule was not accessible by standard transbronchial forceps. However, biopsy specimens obtained using Sasada Transbronchial Angled Biopsy Forceps (STAF) pathologically confirmed the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. We report the case, and discuss the utility of STAF for lung lesions that are difficult to access with standard forceps.

Pulmonary Actinomycosis Imitating Lung Cancer on (18)F-FDG PET/CT: A Case Report and Literature Review.

PubMed

Qiu, Lin; Lan, Lianjun; Feng, Yue; Huang, Zhanwen; Chen, Yue

2015-01-01

Here we report a case of 41-year-old man with a soft tissue density mass at right upper lung and palpable abscesses at right upper backside and right wrist. (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography demonstrated a 7.8 × 5.0 cm mass with soft-tissue density in the upper lobe of the right lung with high metabolic activity. The infiltrative mass extended to adjacent chest wall soft tissue. Final diagnosis of pulmonary actinomycosis with multiple abscesses was made. The patient responded well to antibiotics treatment.

[Diagnostic possibilities of digital volume tomography].

PubMed

Lemkamp, Michael; Filippi, Andreas; Berndt, Dorothea; Lambrecht, J Thomas

2006-01-01

Cone beam computed tomography allows high quality 3D images of cranio-facial structures. Although detail resolution is increased, x-ray exposition is reduced compared to classic computer tomography. The volume is analysed in three orthogonal plains, which can be rotated independently without quality loss. Cone beam computed tomography seems to be a less expensive and less x-ray exposing alternative to classic computer tomography.

Minimax Quantum Tomography: Estimators and Relative Entropy Bounds

DOE PAGES

Ferrie, Christopher; Blume-Kohout, Robin

2016-03-04

A minimax estimator has the minimum possible error (“risk”) in the worst case. Here we construct the first minimax estimators for quantum state tomography with relative entropy risk. The minimax risk of nonadaptive tomography scales as O (1/more » $$\\sqrt{N}$$ ) —in contrast to that of classical probability estimation, which is O (1/N) —where N is the number of copies of the quantum state used. We trace this deficiency to sampling mismatch: future observations that determine risk may come from a different sample space than the past data that determine the estimate. Lastly, this makes minimax estimators very biased, and we propose a computationally tractable alternative with similar behavior in the worst case, but superior accuracy on most states.« less

Serial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of biphasic acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis localized to the brain stem and cerebellum.

PubMed

Lee, Nyoung Keun; Lee, Byung Hoon; Hwang, Yoon Joon; Kim, Su Young; Lee, Ji Young; Joo, Mee

2011-04-01

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHL) is a rare and usually fatal disease characterized by an acute onset of neurological abnormalities. We describe the case of a 37-year-old man with biphasic AHL with a focus on the rare involvement of the brain stem and cerebellum. Initial computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed two hemorrhagic foci in the left middle cerebellar peduncle. After 15 days multifocal hematomas in the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere were imaged using CT. The pathological diagnosis was AHL. Following high-dose steroid treatment, the patient recovered with minor neurological sequelae.

Contrast Media Extravasation of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Management Guidelines for the Radiologist.

PubMed

Nicola, Refky; Shaqdan, Khalid Wael; Aran, Shima; Prabhakar, Anand M; Singh, Ajay Kumar; Abujudeh, Hani H

2016-01-01

Intravenous contrast administration has been of great importance in diagnostic radiology, but it is not without risks either due to the local, systemic allergic reactions or due to subcutaneous extravasation of contrast media. Subcutaneous contrast medium extravasationis an infrequent, yet a well-recognized complication. However, most incidents are minor and can be managed conservatively, but there are a few cases that require immediate surgical intervention. This article discusses the risks factors, clinical manifestations, and conservative and surgical approaches of subcutaneous contrast media extravasation for both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Copyright © 2015 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

A case of acute kidney injury caused by granulomatous interstitial nephritis associated with sarcoidosis.

PubMed

Horino, Taro; Matsumoto, Tatsuki; Inoue, Kosuke; Ichii, Osamu; Terada, Yoshio

2018-05-01

Sarcoidosis affects multiple organs including lung, heart and kidney. Sarcoidosis causes hypercalcemia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and rarely, granulomatous interstitial nephritis, resulting in renal stromal damage. Granulomatous interstitial nephritis is characterized as interstitial nephritis with noncaseating epithelioid granulomas. Diagnosing granulomatous interstitial nephritis before patient's death is challenging; hence, only few cases proven by renal biopsy have been reported till date. We present a case of acute kidney injury caused by granulomatous interstitial nephritis as a renal manifestation of sarcoidosis proven by renal biopsy, which can be confirmed by 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Glucocorticoid therapy was helpful for improving and maintaining her renal function over a 6-year period.

A case of positive 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET/CT pancreatic heterotopia mimicking an intestinal neuroendocrine tumor.

PubMed

Zilli, Alessandra; Fanetti, Ilaria; Conte, Dario; Massironi, Sara

Gallium-68 DOTA-peptide positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 68 Ga-PET/CT) has emerged as a promising tool for the diagnosis and staging of gastro-entero-pancreatic neoplasms, thanks to its high sensitivity and specificity. Heterotopic pancreas, which is relatively rare, has never been reported as a possible cause of false positives of 68 Ga-PET/CT. We report on the first case of a heterotopic pancreas showing pathological uptake at 68 Ga-PET/CT, thus mimicking an intestinal neuroendocrine tumor. The present case suggests that heterotopic pancreas should be included among the possible causes of false positives at 68 Ga PET. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Colonic metastasis from breast carcinoma: a case report.

PubMed

Tsujimura, Kazuma; Teruya, Tsuyoshi; Kiyuna, Masaya; Higa, Kuniki; Higa, Junko; Iha, Kouji; Chinen, Kiyoshi; Asato, Masaya; Takushi, Yasukatsu; Ota, Morihito; Dakeshita, Eijirou; Nakachi, Atsushi; Gakiya, Akira; Shiroma, Hiroshi

2017-07-05

Colonic metastasis from breast carcinoma is very rare. Here, we report a case of colonic metastasis from breast carcinoma. The patient was a 51-year-old woman. She had upper abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea, repeatedly. We performed abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) to investigate these symptoms. The CT scan revealed a tumor in the ascending colon with contrast enhancement and showed an expanded small intestine. For further investigation of this tumor, we performed whole positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). The PET-CT scan revealed fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the ascending colon, mesentery, left breast, and left axillary region. Analysis of biopsy samples obtained during colonoscopy revealed signet ring cell-like carcinoma. Moreover, biopsy of the breast tumor revealed invasive lobular carcinoma. Therefore, the preoperative diagnosis was colonic metastasis from breast carcinoma. Open ileocecal resection was performed. The final diagnosis was multiple metastatic breast carcinomas, and the TNM classification was T2N1M1 Stage IV. We presented a rare case of colonic metastasis from breast carcinoma. PET-CT may be useful in the diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer. When analysis of biopsy samples obtained during colonoscopy reveals signet ring cell-like carcinoma, the possibility of breast cancer as the primary tumor should be considered.

Traumatic Pulmonary Herniation at the Diaphragmatic Junction in a Pediatric Patient: A Rare Complication of Blunt Chest Trauma.

PubMed

Orlik, Kseniya; Simon, Erin Leslie; Hemmer, Carrie; Ramundo, Maria

2016-07-01

We present a case of traumatic intercostal pulmonary herniation in an 11-year-old boy after blunt trauma to the chest, without associated chest wall disruption or pneumothorax. This condition is especially uncommon in children, with only 5 previously reported cases and most occurring after penetrating chest trauma. To date, there are no reports in literature describing traumatic intercostal lung herniation at the diaphragmatic junction with a closed chest cavity in a child. The number of traumatic lung herniation diagnoses may be expanded by a more liberal use of computed tomography when serious injury is suspected. Computed tomography and advanced imaging should be considered in pediatric trauma patients presenting with concern for intrathoracic injury that may not be seen on plain film. Traumatic blunt intrathoracic and intra-abdominal injuries in the pediatric population that are within proximity of diaphragmatic insertion should be thoroughly evaluated to rule out diaphragmatic injury. As in our case, invasive surgical intervention such as thoracoscopy may be necessary.

Accessory oral cavity associated with duplication of the tongue and the mandible in a newborn: a rare case of Diprosopus. Multi-row detector computed tomography diagnostic role.

PubMed

Morabito, Rosa; Colonna, Michele R; Mormina, Enricomaria; Stagno d'Alcontres, Ferdinando; Salpietro, Vincenzo; Blandino, Alfredo; Longo, Marcello; Granata, Francesca

2014-12-01

Craniofacial duplication is a very rare malformation. The phenotype comprises a wide spectrum, ranging from partial duplication of few facial structures to complete dicephalus. We report the case of a newborn with an accessory oral cavity associated to duplication of the tongue and the mandible diagnosed by multi-row detector Computed Tomography, few days after her birth. Our case of partial craniofacial duplication can be considered as Type II of Gorlin classification or as an intermediate form between Type I and Type II of Sun classification. Our experience demonstrates that CT scan, using appropriate reconstruction algorithms, permits a detailed evaluation of the different structures in an anatomical region. Multi-row CT scan is also the more accurate diagnostic procedure for the pre-surgical evaluation of craniofacial malformations. Copyright © 2014 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Endodontic management of mandibular third molar with three mesial roots using spiral computed tomography scan as a diagnostic aid: a case report.

PubMed

Tomar, Deepak; Dhingra, Anil; Tomer, Anil; Sharma, Shalini; Sharma, Vivek; Miglani, Anjali

2013-05-01

Aberrant root canal anatomy is diagnostically and clinically challenging for clinicians. The most common root canal configuration of human molars is 2 roots and 3 canals, but various combinations may still exist. Third molars are known to have the most unusual anatomy among human teeth. Restorative, prosthetic, and orthodontic considerations often require endodontic treatment of third molars in order for them to be retained as functional components of the dental arch. The present case report demonstrates unusual root canal morphology of the mandibular third molar. Roentgenographic examination, which included spiral CT scan, revealed 3 separate mesial roots in tooth #48 with 3 independent canals and 3 canal orifices, indicating an endodontic rarity. The present case report puts impetus on exploration of additional canals using advanced diagnostic aids, such as spiral computed tomography, which can have a huge impact on the successful outcome of endodontic therapy. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A rare case of osteoma in the frontal sinus: anatomical and histological description.

PubMed

Funieru, Cristian; Bănică, Bogdan; Cumpătă, Cristian-Niky; Sfeatcu, Ruxandra Ionela; Dumitrache, Adina Mihaela; Răescu, Mihaela; Dascălu, Ionela Teodora; Simion, George; Ţuculină, Mihaela Jana

2014-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to present a rare case of osteoma localized in the left frontal sinus. A 22-year-old woman who arrived at the Department of Neurosurgery of the University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, presented a vertical asymmetry of the eyeballs but displayed no clinical signs like pain or diplopia. The computer tomography exam was used for preoperatory diagnostic. Histopathology was performed after surgery using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. The Nikon Eclipse microscope was used to examine the slides. The histopathology exam shows a compact osteoma with dense and non-Haversian bone tissue and parallel bony trabeculae. A few spaces for the marrow were also found. The osteocytes were small and no fibrous cells were discovered. The computer tomography and histopathology exam were the investigations that lead us to a true diagnostic of dense osteoma. This tumor was the first case of frontal sinus osteoma histologically described in the Romanian population.

Concussion

MedlinePlus

... symptoms. They may test your senses, balance, reflexes, memory, and thinking. In some cases, the doctor will order tests to scan your brain. These include a computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. They take a picture of your ...

Magnetic resonance imaging detection of early experimental periostitis. Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and plain radiography with histopathologic correlation.

PubMed

Spaeth, H J; Chandnani, V P; Beltran, J; Lucas, J G; Ortiz, I; King, M A; Bennett, W F; Bova, J G; Mueller, C F; Shaffer, P B

1991-04-01

This study characterizes the appearance of periosteal reaction by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and evaluates the efficacy of MRI versus computed tomography (CT), and plain film radiography (PF) in detecting early, experimentally induced periostitis. Acute Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis was induced in 30 legs of 20 New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were then imaged with MR, contrast-unenhanced CT, and PF 4 days after infection. Histologically, periosteal elevation was present in 27 cases. Periosteal ossification was seen in 23 cases, and cellular reaction without ossification in 4 cases. Periosteal reaction was demonstrated by PF in 21 (78%) and by CT in 20 (74%) cases. Evidence of periostitis was seen by MR in all 27% (100%) cases. MR resulted in two false-positive diagnoses. Multiple concentric, alternating high and low signal arcs demonstrated by MR in 19 (70%) cases represented periosteal ossification surrounded by fibrous or granulation tissue. These findings demonstrate the ability of MR to detect periostitis despite the absence of periosteal ossification. MR was more sensitive than CT (P less than .05) or PF (P less than .05) in the detection of experimentally induced periostitis.

Computed Tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Castellano, Isabel; Geleijns, Jacob

After its clinical introduction in 1973, computed tomography developed from an x-ray modality for axial imaging in neuroradiology into a versatile three dimensional imaging modality for a wide range of applications in for example oncology, vascular radiology, cardiology, traumatology and even in interventional radiology. Computed tomography is applied for diagnosis, follow-up studies and screening of healthy subpopulations with specific risk factors. This chapter provides a general introduction in computed tomography, covering a short history of computed tomography, technology, image quality, dosimetry, room shielding, quality control and quality criteria.

CT findings associated with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: a case report

PubMed Central

Choi, Jung W; Jeong, Katherine; Sokol, Lubomir

2016-01-01

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare hematologic malignancy that is frequently misdiagnosed. We present a case of a 53-year-old man diagnosed with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm with extensive computed tomography (CT) findings and provide an imaging focused review of this uncommon malignancy. PMID:27504192

Can Chest Computed Tomography Be Replaced by Lung Ultrasonography With or Without Plain Chest Radiography in Pediatric Pneumonia?

PubMed

Hajalioghli, Parisa; Nemati, Masoud; Dinparast Saleh, Leila; Fouladi, Daniel F

2016-07-01

The purpose of this study was to answer the following question: can chest computed tomography (CT) requested by pediatricians be replaced by lung ultrasonography (US) with or without chest radiography in pediatric pneumonia? A total of 98 children with suspected pneumonia who were referred by pediatricians for CT examinations were prospectively studied. Levels of agreement between CT findings and plain radiography, lung US, and chest radiography plus lung US results were investigated. CT defined pneumonia in 84 patients, among which 26 cases were complicated. κ values between radiography and CT findings were 0.82 in complicated cases, 0.67 in uncomplicated cases, and 0.72 overall. The corresponding values between US and CT findings were 1, 0.52, and 0.62, respectively, and between radiography plus US and CT findings were 1, 0.86, and 0.88, respectively. CT can be replaced by US when complex effusions are present in children with pneumonia. In case of an ambiguous diagnosis of pediatric pneumonia with or without complex effusions, a combination of chest radiography and US is a reliable surrogate for chest CT.

Root-like enamel pearl: a case report

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Introduction In general, enamel pearls are found in maxillary molars as a small globule of enamel. However, this case report describes an enamel pearl with a prolate spheroid shape which is 1.8mm wide and 8mm long. The different type of enamel pearl found in my clinic has significantly improved our understanding of enamel pearl etiology and pathophysiology. Case presentation A 42-year-old Han Chinese woman with severe toothache received treatment in my Department of Endodontics. She had no significant past medical history. A dental examination revealed extensive distal decay in her left mandibular first molar, tenderness to percussion and palpation of the periradicular zone, and found a deep periodontal pocket on the buccal lateral. Vitality testing was negative. Periapical radiographic images revealed radiolucency around the mesial apex. Cone beam computed tomography detected an opaque enamel pearl in the furcation area with a prolate spheroid shape of 1.8mm wide and 8mm long. Conclusion The enamel pearl described in this case report is like a very long dental root. Cone beam computed tomography may be used for evaluating enamel pearls. PMID:25008098

Clinical outcomes of totally implantable venous access port placement via the axillary vein in patients with head and neck malignancy.

PubMed

Hong, Sun; Seo, Tae-Seok; Song, Myung Gyu; Seol, Hae-Young; Suh, Sang Il; Ryoo, In-Seon

2018-06-01

To evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications of totally implantable venous access port implantation via the axillary vein in patients with head and neck malignancy. A total of 176 totally implantable venous access ports were placed via the axillary vein in 171 patients with head and neck malignancy between May 2012 and June 2015. The patients included 133 men and 38 women, and the mean age was 58.8 years (range: 19-84 years). Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. This study included a total of 93,237 totally implantable venous access port catheter-days (median 478 catheter-days, range: 13-1380 catheter-days). Of the 176 implanted totally implantable venous access port, complications developed in nine cases (5.1%), with the overall incidence of 0.097 events/1000 catheter-days. The complications were three central line-associated blood-stream infection cases, one case of keloid scar at the needling access site, and five cases of central vein stenosis or thrombosis on neck computed tomography images. The 133 cases for which neck computed tomography images were available had a total of 59,777 totally implantable venous access port catheter-days (median 399 catheter-days, range: 38-1207 catheter-days). On neck computed tomography evaluation, the incidence of central vein stenosis or thrombosis was 0.083 events/1000 catheter-days. Thrombosis developed in four cases, yielding an incidence of 0.067 events/1000 catheter-days. All four patients presented with thrombus in the axillary or subclavian vein. Stenosis occurred in one case yielding an incidence of 0.017 events/1000 catheter-days. One case was catheter-related brachiocephalic vein stenosis, and the other case was subclavian vein stenosis due to extrinsic compression by tumor progression. Of the nine complication cases, six underwent port removal. These data indicate that totally implantable venous access port implantation via the axillary vein in patients with head and neck malignancy is safe and feasible, with a low axillary vein access-related complication rate.

Do C-reactive protein level, white blood cell count, and pain location guide the selection of patients for computed tomography imaging in non-traumatic acute abdomen?

PubMed

Ozan, E; Atac, G K; Evrin, T; Alisar, K; Sonmez, L O; Alhan, A

2017-02-01

The value of abdominal computed tomography in non-traumatic abdominal pain has been well established. On the other hand, to manage computed tomography, appropriateness has become more of an issue as a result of the concomitant increase in patient radiation exposure with increased computed tomography use. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and pain location may guide the selection of patients for computed tomography in non-traumatic acute abdomen. Patients presenting with acute abdomen to the emergency department over a 12-month period and who subsequently underwent computed tomography were retrospectively reviewed. Those with serum C-reactive protein and white blood cell count measured on admission or within 24 h of the computed tomography were selected. Computed tomography examinations were retrospectively reviewed, and final diagnoses were designated either positive or negative for pathology relating to presentation with acute abdomen. White blood cell counts, C-reactive protein levels, and pain locations were analyzed to determine whether they increased or decreased the likelihood of producing a diagnostic computed tomography. The likelihood ratio for computed tomography positivity with a C-reactive protein level above 5 mg/L was 1.71, while this increased to 7.71 in patients with combined elevated C-reactive protein level and white blood cell count and right lower quadrant pain. Combined elevated C-reactive protein level and white blood cell count in patients with right lower quadrant pain may represent a potential factor that could guide the decision to perform computed tomography in non-traumatic acute abdomen.

Preoperative N Staging of Gastric Cancer by Stomach Protocol Computed Tomography

PubMed Central

Kim, Se Hoon; Kim, Jeong Jae; Lee, Jeong Sub; Kim, Seung Hyoung; Kim, Bong Soo; Maeng, Young Hee; Hyun, Chang Lim; Kim, Min Jeong

2013-01-01

Purpose Clinical stage of gastric cancer is currently assessed by computed tomography. Accurate clinical staging is important for the tailoring of therapy. This study evaluated the accuracy of clinical N staging using stomach protocol computed tomography. Materials and Methods Between March 2004 and November 2012, 171 patients with gastric cancer underwent preoperative stomach protocol computed tomography (Jeju National University Hospital; Jeju, Korea). Their demographic and clinical characteristics were reviewed retrospectively. Two radiologists evaluated cN staging using axial and coronal computed tomography images, and cN stage was matched with pathologic results. The diagnostic accuracy of stomach protocol computed tomography for clinical N staging and clinical characteristics associated with diagnostic accuracy were evaluated. Results The overall accuracy of stomach protocol computed tomography for cN staging was 63.2%. Computed tomography images of slice thickness 3.0 mm had a sensitivity of 60.0%; a specificity of 89.6%; an accuracy of 78.4%; and a positive predictive value of 78.0% in detecting lymph node metastases. Underestimation of cN stage was associated with larger tumor size (P<0.001), undifferentiated type (P=0.003), diffuse type (P=0.020), more advanced pathologic stage (P<0.001), and larger numbers of harvested and metastatic lymph nodes (P<0.001 each). Tumor differentiation was an independent factor affecting underestimation by computed tomography (P=0.045). Conclusions Computed tomography with a size criterion of 8 mm is highly specific but relatively insensitive in detecting nodal metastases. Physicians should keep in mind that computed tomography may not be an appropriate tool to detect nodal metastases for choosing appropriate treatment. PMID:24156034

Indium-111 WBC detection of emphysematous gastritis in pancreatitis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Caruana, V.; Swayne, L.C.; Salaki, J.S.

1990-01-01

We present a case of emphysematous gastritis initially detected with 111In oxine-labeled white blood cell scintigraphy and subsequently confirmed by computed tomography. Early aggressive antibiotic and supportive therapy resulted in a successful clinical outcome.

Endodontic treatment of a maxillary first molar with seven root canals confirmed with cone beam computer tomography - case report.

PubMed

Martins, Jorge N R

2014-06-01

The most common configuration of the maxillary first molar is the presence of three roots and four root canals, although the presence of several other configurations have already been reported. The objective of this work is to present a rare anatomic configuration with seven root canals diagnosed during an endodontic therapy. Endodontic treatment was performed using a dental operating microscope. Exploring the grooves surrounding the main canals with ultrasonic troughing was able expose unexpected root canals. Instrumentation with files of smaller sizes and tapers was performed to prevent root physical weakness. The anatomic configuration was confirmed with a Cone Beam Computer Tomography image analysis which was able to clearly show the presence of seven root canals. An electronic database search was conducted to identify all the published similar cases and the best techniques to approach them are discussed.

Rare finding of Eustachian tube calcifications with cone-beam computed tomography.

PubMed

Syed, Ali Z; Hawkins, Anna; Alluri, Leela Subashini; Jadallah, Buthainah; Shahid, Kiran; Landers, Michael; Assaf, Hussein M

2017-12-01

Soft tissue calcification is a pathological condition in which calcium and phosphate salts are deposited in the soft tissue organic matrix. This study presents an unusual calcification noted in the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube. A 67-year-old woman presented for dental treatment, specifically for implant placement, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed. The CBCT scan was reviewed by a board-certified oral and maxillofacial radiologist and revealed incidental findings of 2 distinct calcifications in the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube. To the authors' knowledge, no previous study has reported the diagnosis of Eustachian tube calcification using CBCT. This report describes an uncommon variant of Eustachian tube calcification, which has a significant didactic value because such cases are seldom illustrated either in textbooks or in the literature. This case once again underscores the importance of having CBCT scans evaluated by a board-certified oral and maxillofacial radiologist.

Endodontic treatment of a maxillary lateral incisor with a perforating internal resorption by using cone beam computed tomography as a diagnostic aid: a case report.

PubMed

Takita, Toshiya; Tsurumachi, Tamotsu; Ogiso, Bunnai

2011-10-01

This case report presents the endodontic treatment of a maxillary right lateral incisor with a perforating internal resorption in a 50-year-old woman. Radiographically, internal resorption appears as a fairly uniform, radiolucent enlargement of the pulp canal and distortion of the original root canal outline. The use of cone beam computed tomography can help the clinician in making a confirmatory diagnosis and determining the treatment plan before undertaking the actual treatment. After cleaning the root canal space and the resorptive defect by mechanic instrumentation, irrigation, and interim calcium hydroxide dressing, the apical third canal was filled with a gutta-percha point by lateral condensation. The resorptive defect was filled with mineral trioxide aggregate. Follow-up radiographs at 3 years showed adequate repair of the resorption, and the tooth remained asymptomatic.

Plasma-mediated radiofrequency ablation followed by percutaneous cementoplasty under fluoro-CT guidance: a case report

PubMed Central

Laganà, Domenico; Ianniello, Andrea; Fontana, Federico; Mangini, Monica; Mocciardini, Lucia; Spanò, Emanuela; Piacentino, Filippo; Cuffari, Salvatore; Fugazzola, Carlo

2009-01-01

We report a case of a 81-year-old Caucasian man with colorectal carcinoma, treated by surgery in 1998, referred for palliative treatment of a refractory painful caused by osteolytic metastases of 2.5 cm in back-upper ilium spine. Plasma-mediated radiofrequency ablation was performed under conscious sedation, using Fluoroscopic Computer Tomography guidance. After completing the ablation phase of the procedure, a mixture of bone cement and Biotrace sterile barium sulfate was injected into the ablated cavity. Patient was evaluated by using the Brief Pain Inventory and considering pain interference with daily living at day 1 and 3 and week 1, 2, 3, 4 by means of a telephone interview. A post-procedure Computer Tomography scan was performed to examine the distribution of cement deposition few minutes after the procedure. The plasma mediated RFA and cementoplasty were well tolerated by the patient who did not develop any complication. PMID:19918385

Plasma-mediated radiofrequency ablation followed by percutaneous cementoplasty under fluoro-CT guidance: a case report.

PubMed

Carrafiello, Gianpaolo; Laganà, Domenico; Ianniello, Andrea; Fontana, Federico; Mangini, Monica; Mocciardini, Lucia; Spanò, Emanuela; Piacentino, Filippo; Cuffari, Salvatore; Fugazzola, Carlo

2009-08-17

We report a case of a 81-year-old Caucasian man with colorectal carcinoma, treated by surgery in 1998, referred for palliative treatment of a refractory painful caused by osteolytic metastases of 2.5 cm in back-upper ilium spine. Plasma-mediated radiofrequency ablation was performed under conscious sedation, using Fluoroscopic Computer Tomography guidance. After completing the ablation phase of the procedure, a mixture of bone cement and Biotrace sterile barium sulfate was injected into the ablated cavity.Patient was evaluated by using the Brief Pain Inventory and considering pain interference with daily living at day 1 and 3 and week 1, 2, 3, 4 by means of a telephone interview. A post-procedure Computer Tomography scan was performed to examine the distribution of cement deposition few minutes after the procedure. The plasma mediated RFA and cementoplasty were well tolerated by the patient who did not develop any complication.

Fatal air embolism in hospital confirmed by autopsy and postmortem computed tomography.

PubMed

Edler, Carolin; Klein, Anke; Püschel, Klaus; Schröder, Ann Sophie

2018-06-01

Vascular air embolism is caused by penetration of air into veins or arteries through a surgical wound or other connection between the external and internal aspects of the body. Vascular air embolism has various causes, and iatrogenic air embolisms are the most frequently described. We report a case of fatal air embolism in an 83-year-old woman who was admitted to hospital. At the time of the incident, she was alone in her ward receiving an intravenous infusion of antibiotics via a peripheral line in her right forearm. She was also inhaling air through a mask, which was connected via a tubing system to a compressed air connection in the wall behind her bed. Autopsy and postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) findings are presented. The case illustrates the high diagnostic value of PMCT, which is an effective procedure for detecting the presence of air or gas.

Early detection of myocardial infarction following blunt chest trauma by computed tomography: a case report.

PubMed

Lee, Thung-Lip; Hsuan, Chin-Feng; Shih, Chen-Hsiang; Liang, Huai-Wen; Tsai, Hsing-Shan; Tseng, Wei-Kung; Hsu, Kwan-Lih

2017-02-10

Blunt cardiac trauma encompasses a wide range of clinical entities, including myocardial contusion, cardiac rupture, valve avulsion, pericardial injuries, arrhythmia, and even myocardial infarction. Acute myocardial infarction due to coronary artery dissection after blunt chest trauma is rare and may be life threatening. Differential diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction from cardiac contusion at this setting is not easy. Here we demonstrated a case of blunt chest trauma, with computed tomography detected myocardium enhancement defect early at emergency department. Under the impression of acute myocardial infarction, emergent coronary angiography revealed left anterior descending artery occlusion. Revascularization was performed and coronary artery dissection was found after thrombus aspiration. Finally, the patient survived after coronary stenting. Perfusion defects of myocardium enhancement on CT after blunt chest trauma can be very helpful to suggest myocardial infarction and facilitate the decision making of emergent procedure. This valuable sign should not be missed during the initial interpretation.

[Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of isolated congenital anosmia].

PubMed

Liu, Jian-feng; Wang, Jian; You, Hui; Ni, Dao-feng; Yang, Da-zhang

2010-05-25

To report a series of patients with isolated congenital anosmia and summarize their clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics. Twenty patients with isolated congenital anosmia were reviewed retrospectively. A thorough medical and chemosensory history, physical examination, nasal endoscopy, T&T olfactory testing, olfactory event-related potentials, sinonasal computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance image of olfactory pathway were performed in all patients. Neither ENT physical examination nor nasal endoscopy was remarkable. Subjective olfactory testing indicated all of them were of anosmia. No olfactory event-related potentials to maximal stimulus were obtained. Computed tomography scan was normal. MRI revealed the absence of olfactory bulbs and tracts in all cases. And hypoplasia or aplasia of olfactory sulcus was found in all cases. All the patients had normal sex hormone level. The diagnosis of isolated congenital anosmia is established on chief complaints, physical examination, olfactory testing and olfactory imaging. MRI of olfactory pathway is indispensable.

Correlation Between Findings of Multislice Helical Computed Tomography (CT), Endoscopic Examinations, Endovascular Procedures, and Surgery in Patients with Symptoms of Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

PubMed

Konecki, Dariusz; Grabowska-Derlatka, Laretta; Pacho, Ryszard; Rowiński, Olgierd

2017-01-01

Endoscopic methods (gastroscopy and colonoscopy) are considered fundamental for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding. In recent years, multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has also gained importance in diagnosing gastrointestinal bleeding, particularly in hemodynamically unstable patients and in cases with suspected lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding. CT can detect both the source and the cause of active gastrointestinal bleeding, thereby expediting treatment initiation. The study group consisted of 16 patients with clinical symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding in whom features of active bleeding were observed on CT. In all patients, bleeding was verified by means of other methods such as endoscopic examinations, endovascular procedures, or surgery. The bleeding source was identified on CT in all 16 patients. In 14 cases (87.5%), bleeding was confirmed by other methods. CT is an efficient, fast, and readily available tool for detecting the location of acute gastrointestinal bleeding.

Analysis of clinical value of CT in the diagnosis of pediatric pneumonia and mycoplasma pneumonia.

PubMed

Gong, Liang; Zhang, Chong-Lin; Zhen, Qing

2016-04-01

Pneumonia is an infectious disease of the lung causing mortality. Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) is an atypical bacterial pneumonia that damages several organs. Lung computed tomography (CT) has been utilized in its identification. The aim of the present study was to examine the value of computed tomography diagnosis for pediatric MP. The present study prospectively analyzed the clinical and imaging data of 1,280 cases of pediatric MP in the out- and inpatient departments from March, 2010 to March, 2014; analyzed the morphology and distribution of the pneumonic lesion in the lungs; and summarized the value of CT diagnosis for pediatric MP. In the included children, there were 688 cases of lesions in the unilateral lobe, 592 cases of lesions in the bilateral lobes, 1,101 cases of extensive patchy opacity, 496 cases of mottled opacity, 432 cases of increased lung marking, 256 cases of streak opacity, 192 cases of ground-glass opacity, 992 cases of thickened bronchial wall in the lesions, 128 cases of lymphadenopathy in the hilar lymph nodes and mediastinal lymph nodes, and the lung CT showed 32 cases of pulmonary cavity and 144 cases of pleural effusion. In conclusion, the CT signals of pediatric MP had several types with some children exhibiting complicated changes. The child's clinical manifestation and symptoms should thus be considered in the diagnosis to improve the diagnostic rate.

Treatment of a Salmonella-induced rapidly expanding aortic pseudoaneurysm involving the visceral arteries using the Cardiatis multilayer stent.

PubMed

Reijnen, Michel M P J; van Sterkenburg, Steven M M

2014-10-01

Treatment of infection-induced aortic aneurysms is among the greatest challenges nowadays of vascular surgery because the use of prosthetic material is considered unsuitable. The Cardiatis multilayer stent (Cardiatis, Isnes, Belgium) is a flow-diverting bare stent with a proven efficacy in peripheral and visceral artery aneurysms. We present a unique case of a Salmonella serotype enteritidis-induced rapidly expanding aortic pseudoaneurysm with a penetrating ulcer that was treated with the Cardiatis multilayer stent. At 18 months of follow-up, the patient was in good clinical condition, with normalized C-reactive protein levels. Computed tomography angiography and 2-deoxy-2-[F18]-fluoro-d-glucose-positron-emission tomography/computed tomography showed a stable, mostly thrombosed aneurysm, with adequate perfusion of the side branches and no remaining signs of infection. Copyright © 2014 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Recurrent malignant pheochromocytoma with unusual omental metastasis: 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT and 131I-MIBG SPECT/CT scintigraphy findings

PubMed Central

Arora, Saurabh; Agarwal, Krishan Kant; Karunanithi, Sellam; Tripathi, Madhavi; Kumar, Rakesh

2014-01-01

Pheochromocytomas are rare catecholamine-secreting tumors derived from the sympathetic nervous system. The most common sites of metastasis for pheochromocytoma or extra-adrenal paraganglioma are lymph nodes, bones, lungs, and liver. Patients with known or suspected malignancy should undergo staging with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging as well as functional imaging (e.g. with 123I/131I-MIBG (131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine) and 68Ga-DOTANOC (68Ga-labeled [1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid]-1-NaI3-octreotide) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT) to determine the extent and location of disease. We present a case of recurrent malignant pheochromocytoma with unusual site of metastasis in omentum, which was positive on 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT and 131I-MIBG single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/)/CT scintigraphy. PMID:25400380

Recurrent malignant pheochromocytoma with unusual omental metastasis: (68)Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT and (131)I-MIBG SPECT/CT scintigraphy findings.

PubMed

Arora, Saurabh; Agarwal, Krishan Kant; Karunanithi, Sellam; Tripathi, Madhavi; Kumar, Rakesh

2014-10-01

Pheochromocytomas are rare catecholamine-secreting tumors derived from the sympathetic nervous system. The most common sites of metastasis for pheochromocytoma or extra-adrenal paraganglioma are lymph nodes, bones, lungs, and liver. Patients with known or suspected malignancy should undergo staging with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging as well as functional imaging (e.g. with (123)I/(131)I-MIBG ((131)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine) and (68)Ga-DOTANOC ((68)Ga-labeled [1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid]-1-NaI3-octreotide) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT) to determine the extent and location of disease. We present a case of recurrent malignant pheochromocytoma with unusual site of metastasis in omentum, which was positive on (68)Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT and (131)I-MIBG single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/)/CT scintigraphy.

Cryptococcus gattii Infection Presenting as an Aggressive Lung Mass.

PubMed

Zheng, Shuwei; Tan, Thuan Tong; Chien, Jaime Mei Fong

2018-06-01

Cryptococcus gattii is an endemic fungus predominantly isolated in the tropical and subtropical regions, causing predominantly pulmonary disease with a predilection for the central nervous system. Herein, we report a case of rapidly progressing C. gattii pneumonia in an immune-deficient but virologically suppressed host with underlying human immunodeficiency viral (HIV) infection, exhibiting various fungal morphologies from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytological specimens. A 51-year-old Chinese male with known HIV disease was admitted to the Singapore General Hospital for evaluation of functional decline, febrile episodes, and a left hilar mass on chest radiograph. Computed tomography (CT) showed consolidation in the apical segment of the left lower lobe. He underwent bronchoscopy and BAL. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography done 10 days after the initial CT showed approximate doubling of the pulmonary lesion. Cytological examination of the fluid revealed yeasts of varying sizes. Subsequent fungal culture from BAL fluid grew C. gattii 10 days later.

A rare case of a 39 year old male with a parasite called Dioctophyma renale mimicking renal cancer at the computed tomography of the right kidney. A case report.

PubMed

Katafigiotis, Ioannis; Fragkiadis, Evangelos; Pournaras, Christos; Nonni, Afrodite; Stravodimos, Konstantinos G

2013-10-01

We present a very rare case of a 39 year old patient with Dioctophyma renale depicted as a Bosniak cyst IV of the right kidney who was finally subjected to a robotic assisted radical nephrectomy. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Use of postmortem computed tomography to retrieve small metal fragments derived from a weapon in the bodies of victims in two homicide cases.

PubMed

Sano, Rie; Takahashi, Yoichiro; Hayakawa, Akira; Murayama, Masayuki; Kubo, Rieko; Hirasawa, Satoshi; Tokue, Hiroyuki; Shimada, Takehiro; Awata, Sachiko; Takei, Hiroyuki; Yuasa, Masahiro; Uetake, Shinji; Akuzawa, Hisashi; Kominato, Yoshihiko

2018-05-01

Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) is becoming a commonly used modality in routine forensic investigation. Mechanical injuries including lacerations, incisions, stab wounds and gunshot wounds frequently contain foreign bodies that may have significant value as clues in criminal investigations. CT is a sensitive modality for detection of metal foreign bodies that may be associated with injuries to the victim in cases of homicide or traffic accidents. Here we report two cases in which PMCT was able to act as a guide to forensic pathologists for retrieval of metal fragments in the corpses of the victims, the retrieved fragments then being used to validate the confessions of the assailants through comparison with the knife and the crowbar, respectively, that had been used in the crimes. In these cases, the small metal fragments retrieved from the corpses of the victims with the aid of PMCT were decisive pieces of evidence confirming the circumstances of the crimes. These cases illustrate how PMCT can be used to complement the findings of classical autopsy for integrative investigation of corpses with injury. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Detection of thoracic aortic prosthetic graft infection with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

PubMed

Tokuda, Yoshiyuki; Oshima, Hideki; Araki, Yoshimori; Narita, Yuji; Mutsuga, Masato; Kato, Katsuhiko; Usui, Akihiko

2013-06-01

To investigate the diagnostic value of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in detecting thoracic aortic prosthetic graft infection. Nine patients with clinically suspected thoracic aortic graft infection underwent FDG-PET/CT scanning. In these patients, the diagnoses could not be confirmed using conventional modalities. The patients' clinical courses were retrospectively reviewed. On the basis of surgical, microbiological and clinical follow-up findings, the aortic grafts were considered infected in 4 patients and not infected in 5. All 4 patients with graft infection (root: 2 cases, arch: 1 case and descending: 1 case) eventually underwent in situ re-replacement. Two of the 4 patients also had abdominal grafts; however, only the thoracic grafts were replaced because uptake was low around the abdominal grafts. The maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in the perigraft area was higher in the infected group than in the non-infected group (11.4 ± 4.5 vs 6.9 ± 6.4), although the difference was not statistically significant. According to the receiver operating characteristic analysis, SUVmax >8 appeared to be the cut-off value in distinguishing the two groups (sensitivity: 1.0 and specificity: 0.8). FDG-PET/CT is useful for confirming the presence of graft infection by detecting high uptake around grafts and excluding other causes of inflammation. An SUVmax value greater than 8 around a graft suggests the presence of graft infection. In addition, FDG-PET/CT can be used to clarify the precise extent of infection. This is especially useful if multiple separated prosthetic grafts have been implanted.

Thymopericardial augmented encasement for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a report of 245 cases.

PubMed

Ohtsuka, Toshiya; Ninomiya, Mikio; Nonaka, Takahiro

2009-07-01

: A pedicled prepericardial fat flap was created to augment the pericardial cavity and applied for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The efficacy and durability of this method were investigated. : Between July 2005 and November 2008, the present technique was applied for consecutive 245 patients (165 men and 80 women, aged 67 ± 8.3 years) undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting in which 240 (98.0%) were off-pump cases. The left and/or right internal thoracic artery and the gastroepiploic artery were used in 244 and 160 patients, respectively, and the saphenous vein and the radial artery were used in 51 and 10 patients, respectively. Ninety-seven (40.0%) patients had been diabetic, 18 (7.3%) had had chronic renal failure, and three were redo cases. The prepericardial soft tissue, involving the pedicled thymic gland, was dissected en bloc and sewn with pericardiotomies to wrap the heart and the grafts. Angiography or three-dimensional computed tomography was used to assess the intrapericardial pathways of each graft and a long-term durability of the fat pad. : Early angiography or three-dimensional computed tomography proved that the graft pathways were unaffected by the encasements. Resternotomies in two patients and sternal treatments for infectious dehiscence in two patients were safely achievable. Five-year postoperative computed tomography showed the intact fat pad in the retrosternal space. : The present technique can encase the heart not the least jeopardizing each pathway of the grafts, and the durable fat pad functions protectively when the sternotomy is either reopened or infected.

Foreign Body Reaction with High Standard Uptake Value Level in 18-FDG PET/CT Mimicking Relapse in an 8-Year-Old Patient Diagnosed with Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Case Report

PubMed Central

Erdoğan, Derya; Bozkurt, Ceyhun; Özmen, Özlem; Boduroglu, Esin; Sahin, Gürses

2013-01-01

Combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) using 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) is one of the most effective methods to identify pathological lymph node involvement. We report the case of a child who underwent cervical lymph node biopsy and chemotherapy for Hodgkin disease. Three years after surgery, PET/CT identified an intense localization of 18-FDG in the inferior cervical region. This finding led to a reexcision of the mass. The only finding was a granuloma arising in reaction to a hemostatic sponge. PMID:25755956

Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma Presenting as Hypervascular Adrenal Metastasis

PubMed Central

Goroshi, Manjunath; Lila, Anurag R.; Bandgar, Tushar; Shah, Nalini S.

2018-01-01

Hypervascular adrenal masses include pheochromocytoma, metastases caused by clear renal cell carcinoma/hepatocellular carcinoma. Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) causing hypervascular metastases is not described in the literature. Here, we describe the first case of ASPS presenting as hypervascular metastasis. Our case was a 23-year-old male incidentally detected right adrenal mass during the evaluation of pain in the abdomen. On computed tomography (CT), adrenal mass showed bright enhancement in early arterial phase (unenhanced Hounsfield unit [HU]-45.3; arterial phase HU-158.2). 18- flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT showed multiple lesions and was confirmed histologically to be due to ASPS. PMID:29398970

Spinal hyperostosis as an important sign indicating spine injuries on postmortem computed tomography.

PubMed

Oshima, Toru; Hayashida, Mitsumasa; Ohtani, Maki; Hashimoto, Manabu; Takahashi, Satoshi; Ishiyama, Koichi; Otani, Takahiro; Koga, Makoto; Sugawara, Makoto; Mimasaka, Sohtaro

2014-07-01

Although spine injuries are not always detectable on postmortem computed tomography (PMCT), spinal hyperostosis, an important risk factor for spine injury, is relatively easily detectable on PMCT. We therefore examined the utility of the detection of spinal hyperostosis on PMCT as an indicator of spine injury. Full-body PMCT images of 88 autopsy cases with a bruise on the face or forehead but no identifiable skull fracture were reviewed prior to autopsy for the identification and classification of spinal hyperostosis. Spine injuries were observed in 56.0% of cases with spinal hyperostosis and 1.6% of cases without spinal hyperostosis. Among the cases with spinal hyperostosis, spine injuries were observed in 66.7% of cases at stage 2 or 3 and in 88.9% of cases at stage 3. Spine injuries were diagnosed on PMCT in 33.3% of cases prior to autopsy. A significant association was found between spinal hyperostosis and presence of spine injury that cannot be detected on PMCT, indicating that the identification of spinal hyperostosis on PMCT may assist in detecting spine injuries. This finding suggests that investigation of the presence of spine injury based on the identification of spinal hyperostosis on PMCT may assist in determining the correct cause of death by autopsy. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pseudo-hemothorax at computed tomography due to residual contrast media.

PubMed

Romero, Matías; Bächler, Pablo

2014-01-01

Pleural effusion is a clinical problem that has many causes, with hemothorax being one of them. Computed tomography readily characterizes pleural fluid with determination of the attenuation value, helping to distinguish hemothorax from other types of effusion. Herein, we report the case of a 67-year-old man with end-stage renal disease in which a high-density pleural effusion due to residual contrast media was misinterpreted as hemothorax. Radiologists should consider the possibility of contrast media retention when interpreting a high-density pleural effusion in patients with end-stage renal disease. Recognition of this entity is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis, which might lead to unnecessary testing or procedures. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Retrograde Ascending Aortic Dissection after Stent Grafting for Stanford Type B Aortic Dissection with Severe Limb Ischemia.

PubMed

Higuchi, Yoshiro; Tochii, Masato; Takami, Yoshiyuki; Kobayashi, Akihiro; Yanagisawa, Tsutomu; Amano, Kentaro; Sakurai, Yusuke; Ishida, Michiko; Ishikawa, Hiroshi; Hattori, Koji; Takagi, Yasushi

2017-03-24

We report a rare case of retrograde Stanford type A aortic dissection after endovascular repair for complicated Stanford type B aortic dissection. A 45-year-old man presented with a sudden onset of back pain and was transferred to our hospital. Computed tomography demonstrated acute Stanford type B aortic dissection with lower limb ischemia. Emergency endovascular surgery was planned for repair of the Stanford type B aortic dissection. The patient suddenly developed recurrent chest pain 10 days after the initial procedure. Computed tomography revealed retrograde Stanford type A aortic dissection involving the ascending aorta and aortic arch. The patient underwent a successful emergency total aortic arch replacement.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy with late postpartum eclampsia and short-term memory loss: a case report.

PubMed

Gimovsky, Martin L; Guzman, Guillermo M; Koscica, Karen L; Nazir, Munir A; Ross, Diane E

2010-01-01

Late postpartum eclampsia is more frequently recognized than past reports indicate. This report describes the association of a reversible encephalopathy in a woman with late postpartum eclampsia. A woman with lupus nephritis presented 7 days postpartum with eclampsia. Postseizure findings included dramatic short-term memory loss. Although a computed tomography scan was negative, subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) demonstrated vascular changes associated with a reversible encephalopathy. Conservative treatment with analeptic and antihypertensive therapy allowed a rapid resolution of all symptomatology. In women with eclampsia and unusual neurologic findings, an MRI/MRA may be useful even in the presence of a negative computed tomography scan.

Hepatic Kaposi Sarcoma Revisited: An Important but Less Commonly Seen Neoplasm in Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.

PubMed

Chen, Frank; Gulati, Mittul; Tchelepi, Hisham

2017-03-01

Hepatic Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most commonly seen hepatic neoplasm in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), found in 34% of patients in an autopsy series. However, the incidence of hepatic KS has significantly declined since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy and is not as commonly seen on imaging. We present a case of hepatic KS in a patient with AIDS, which was initially mistaken for hepatic abscesses on computed tomography. We discuss the computed tomography, grayscale ultrasound, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound appearance of hepatic KS and how to distinguish this hepatic neoplasm from other common hepatic lesions seen in patients with AIDS.

Tc-99m TRODAT uptake in an osteoid tumor of clivus.

PubMed

Taywade, Sameer; Tripathi, Madhavi; Tandon, Vivek; Das, Chandan Jyoti; Damle, Nishikant Avinash; Shamim, Shamim Ahmed; Thukral, Parul; Bal, Chandrasekhar

2016-01-01

Tc-99m TRODAT is cocaine analog and binds to the dopamine transporter in vivo . Tc-99m TRODAT single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography. (SPECT/CT) is useful for demonstrating presynaptic dopaminergic dysfunction in patients with Parkinsonism. However, few reports have shown extrastriatal uptake of Tc-99m TRODAT. We present the case of a 67-year-old male who underwent Tc-99m TRODAT SPECT/CT for evaluation of Parkinsonism. In addition to tracer binding in the striatum, tracer uptake was noted in an osteoid tumor of the clivus. Integrated SPECT/CT enabled precise localization and characterization of the extrastriatal site of tracer binding and emphasizes the importance of such coincidental findings.

Clinical results of computerized tomography-based simulation with laser patient marking.

PubMed

Ragan, D P; Forman, J D; He, T; Mesina, C F

1996-02-01

Accuracy of a patient treatment portal marking device and computerized tomography (CT) simulation have been clinically tested. A CT-based simulator has been assembled based on a commercial CT scanner. This includes visualization software and a computer-controlled laser drawing device. This laser drawing device is used to transfer the setup, central axis, and/or radiation portals from the CT simulator to the patient for appropriate patient skin marking. A protocol for clinical testing is reported. Twenty-five prospectively, sequentially accessioned patients have been analyzed. The simulation process can be completed in an average time of 62 min. Under many cases, the treatment portals can be designed and the patient marked in one session. Mechanical accuracy of the system was found to be within +/- 1mm. The portal projection accuracy in clinical cases is observed to be better than +/- 1.2 mm. Operating costs are equivalent to the conventional simulation process it replaces. Computed tomography simulation is a clinical accurate substitute for conventional simulation when used with an appropriate patient marking system and digitally reconstructed radiographs. Personnel time spent in CT simulation is equivalent to time in conventional simulation.

Role of radionuclide imaging for diagnosis of device and prosthetic valve infections

PubMed Central

Sarrazin, Jean-François; Philippon, François; Trottier, Mikaël; Tessier, Michel

2016-01-01

Cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infection and prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) remain a diagnostic challenge. Cardiac imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of patients with CIED infection or PVE. Over the past few years, cardiac radionuclide imaging has gained a key role in the diagnosis of these patients, and in assessing the need for surgery, mainly in the most difficult cases. Both 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and radiolabelled white blood cell single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (WBC SPECT/CT) have been studied in these situations. In their 2015 guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis, the European Society of Cardiology incorporated cardiac nuclear imaging as part of their diagnostic algorithm for PVE, but not CIED infection since the data were judged insufficient at the moment. This article reviews the actual knowledge and recent studies on the use of 18F-FDG PET/CT and WBC SPECT/CT in the context of CIED infection and PVE, and describes the technical aspects of cardiac radionuclide imaging. It also discusses their accepted and potential indications for the diagnosis and management of CIED infection and PVE, the limitations of these tests, and potential areas of future research. PMID:27721936

Computed tomography of intramural hematoma of the small intestime: a report of 3 cases

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Plojoux, O.; Hauser, H.; Wettstein, P.

1982-08-01

CT findings in 3 cases of intramural hematoma of the small intestine are described. One patient needed surgery. CT characteristics were specific and included a region of increased density (50-80 H) representing the hematoma. The differential diagnosis includes tumor (lymphoma or melanoma) and inflammatory disease (Crohn disease or pancreatic cyst.)

Frontoethmoidal mucocele associated with bilateral increased intraocular pressure and proptosis.

PubMed

Chandra, Aman; Lim, Mingyann; Scott, Elizabeth; Morsman, David

2007-02-01

We describe the case of a 53-year-old man presenting with bilateral proptosis and raised intraocular pressure. Computed tomography imaging revealed these signs to be secondary to a frontoethmoidal mucocele with bilateral orbital invasion. Bilateral increased intraocular pressure is unusual in cases of frontoethmoidal mucoceles, but prompt imaging and treatment can prevent permanent visual loss.

HT2DINV: A 2D forward and inverse code for steady-state and transient hydraulic tomography problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soueid Ahmed, A.; Jardani, A.; Revil, A.; Dupont, J. P.

2015-12-01

Hydraulic tomography is a technique used to characterize the spatial heterogeneities of storativity and transmissivity fields. The responses of an aquifer to a source of hydraulic stimulations are used to recover the features of the estimated fields using inverse techniques. We developed a 2D free source Matlab package for performing hydraulic tomography analysis in steady state and transient regimes. The package uses the finite elements method to solve the ground water flow equation for simple or complex geometries accounting for the anisotropy of the material properties. The inverse problem is based on implementing the geostatistical quasi-linear approach of Kitanidis combined with the adjoint-state method to compute the required sensitivity matrices. For undetermined inverse problems, the adjoint-state method provides a faster and more accurate approach for the evaluation of sensitivity matrices compared with the finite differences method. Our methodology is organized in a way that permits the end-user to activate parallel computing in order to reduce the computational burden. Three case studies are investigated demonstrating the robustness and efficiency of our approach for inverting hydraulic parameters.

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for pulmonary nodules after computed tomography-guided marking with a spiral wire.

PubMed

Eichfeld, Uwe; Dietrich, Arne; Ott, Rudolph; Kloeppel, Rainer

2005-01-01

Peripheral pulmonary nodules are preferably removed by minimally invasive techniques, such as video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) surgery. These nodules should be marked preoperatively for better intraoperative detection and removal. Twenty-two cases with a single pulmonary nodule requiring surgical removal for histologic examination were included in a prospective study. Guided by computed tomography, nodules were marked preoperatively using a laser marker system and fixed with a spiral wire. The marked nodules were removed by VATS surgery immediately after the marking. The marking wire was placed in all 22 patients without any complications. The marked nodule was completely removed by VATS surgery in 19 patients. Conversion to thoracotomy was necessary in 3 patients, twice because of thoracoscopy-related problems and once because of a marking failure. The average times for the marking procedure and operation were 24 minutes and 32 minutes, respectively. This new method of computed tomography-guided nodule marking with a spiral wire and subsequent VATS surgery is very efficient in terms of localization and stable fixation of subpleural pulmonary nodules.

Reduction of metal artifacts from alloy hip prostheses in computer tomography.

PubMed

Wang, Fengdan; Xue, Huadan; Yang, Xianda; Han, Wei; Qi, Bing; Fan, Yu; Qian, Wenwei; Wu, Zhihong; Zhang, Yan; Jin, Zhengyu

2014-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of reducing artifacts from large metal implants with gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) and metal artifact reduction software (MARS). Twenty-three in-vivo cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy total hip prostheses were prospectively scanned by fast kV-switching GSI between 80 and 140 kVp. The computed tomography images were reconstructed with monochromatic energy and with/without MARS. Both subjective and objective measurements were performed to assess the severity of metal artifacts. Increasing photon energy was associated with reduced metal artifacts in GSI images (P < 0.001). Combination of GSI with MARS further diminished the metal artifacts (P < 0.001). Artifact reduction at 3 anatomical levels (femoral head, neck, and shaft) were evaluated, with data showing that GSI and MARS could reduce metal artifacts at all 3 levels (P = 0.011, P < 0.001, and P = 0.003, respectively). Nevertheless, in certain cases, GSI without MARS produced more realistic images for the clinical situation. Proper usage of GSI with/without MARS could reduce the computed tomography artifacts of large metal parts and improve the radiological evaluation of postarthroplasty patients.

Use of cone beam computed tomography in periodontology

PubMed Central

Acar, Buket; Kamburoğlu, Kıvanç

2014-01-01

Diagnosis of periodontal disease mainly depends on clinical signs and symptoms. However, in the case of bone destruction, radiographs are valuable diagnostic tools as an adjunct to the clinical examination. Two dimensional periapical and panoramic radiographs are routinely used for diagnosing periodontal bone levels. In two dimensional imaging, evaluation of bone craters, lamina dura and periodontal bone level is limited by projection geometry and superpositions of adjacent anatomical structures. Those limitations of 2D radiographs can be eliminated by three-dimensional imaging techniques such as computed tomography. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) generates 3D volumetric images and is also commonly used in dentistry. All CBCT units provide axial, coronal and sagittal multi-planar reconstructed images without magnification. Also, panoramic images without distortion and magnification can be generated with curved planar reformation. CBCT displays 3D images that are necessary for the diagnosis of intra bony defects, furcation involvements and buccal/lingual bone destructions. CBCT applications provide obvious benefits in periodontics, however; it should be used only in correct indications considering the necessity and the potential hazards of the examination. PMID:24876918

Foetus in foetu: CT findings in two cases.

PubMed

Chadha, M; Aggarwal, B K

2002-01-01

Foetus in foetu is a rare abdominal mass presenting in early childhood, which shows classic radiologic appearances that make a preoperative diagnosis certain. We present two such cases in which the diagnosis was initially established on computed tomography, which showed mature skeletal structures including vertebrae and long bones in addition to fat. The diagnosis was corroborated by plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging in one case and confirmed operatively and histopathologically in both cases.

[Application possibilities and initial experience with digital volume tomography in hand and wrist imaging].

PubMed

Goerke, Sebastian M; Neubauer, J; Zajonc, H; Thiele, J R; Kotter, E; Langer, M; Stark, G B; Lampert, F M

2015-02-01

During the last decade, DVT (digital volume tomography) imaging has become a widely used standard technique in head and neck imaging. Lower radiation exposure compared to conventional computed tomography (MDCT) has been described. Recently, DVT has been developed as an extremity scanner and as such represents a new imaging technique for hand surgery. We here describe the first 24 months experience with this new imaging modality in hand and wrist imaging by presenting representative cases and by describing the technical background. Furthermore, the method's advantages and disadvantages are discussed with reference to the given literature. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

The role of positron emission tomography in the diagnosis, staging and response assessment of non-small cell lung cancer

PubMed Central

Ali, Jason M.; Tasker, Angela; Peryt, Adam; Aresu, Giuseppe; Coonar, Aman S.

2018-01-01

Lung cancer is a common disease and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for the majority of cases. Following diagnosis of lung cancer, accurate staging is essential to guide clinical management and inform prognosis. Positron emission tomography (PET) in conjunction with computed tomography (CT)—as PET-CT has developed as an important tool in the multi-disciplinary management of lung cancer. This article will review the current evidence for the role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-CT in NSCLC diagnosis, staging, response assessment and follow up. PMID:29666818

Reduced ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch following endobronchial valve insertion demonstrated by Gallium-68 V/Q photon emission tomography/computed tomography.

PubMed

Leong, Paul; Le Roux, Pierre-Yves; Callahan, Jason; Siva, Shankar; Hofman, Michael S; Steinfort, Daniel P

2017-09-01

Endobronchial valves (EBVs) are increasingly deployed in the management of severe emphysema. Initial studies focussed on volume reduction as the mechanism, with subsequent improvement in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ). More recent studies have emphasized importance of perfusion on predicting outcomes, though findings have been inconsistent. Gallium-68 ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) photon emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is a novel imaging modality with advantages in spatial resolution, quantitation, and speed over conventional V/Q scintigraphy. We report a pilot case in which V/Q-PET/CT demonstrated discordant findings compared with quantitative CT analysis, and directed left lower lobe EBV placement. The patient experienced a significant improvement in 6-min walk distance (6MWD) without change in spirometry. Post-EBV V/Q-PET/CT demonstrated a marked decrease in unmatched (detrimental) V/Q areas and improvement in overall V/Q matching on post-EBV V/Q-PET/CT. These preliminary novel findings suggest that EBVs improve V/Q matching and may explain the observed functional improvements.

Saccular aortic aneurysm that resembled a mediastinal neoplasm

PubMed Central

Nose, Naohiro; Kataoka, Hiroumi; Hamada, Masakatsu; Kosako, Yukio; Matsuno, Yasuji; Ishii, Takahiro

2012-01-01

INTRODUCTION Saccular aortic arch aneurysms in unusual sites may be misdiagnosed as a neoplasm. We present the case of a rare saccular aortic arch aneurysm between trachea and esophagus that resembled a mediastinal neoplasm in the preoperative findings. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 63-year-old male with an abnormal mediastinal shadow on chest X-ray was referred to the hospital. An axial plain computed tomogram of the chest revealed mediastinal soft tissue next to the right side of the aortic arch resembling a neoplasm originating from the gap between the trachea and the esophagus. The coronal view constructed by enhanced 64-row multi detector computed tomography revealed the soft tissue was an aneurysm arising from the inner side of the aortic arch. An aortic arch replacement was performed via a median sternotomy. DISCUSSION A thoracic aortic aneurysm sometimes behaves like a mediastinal neoplasm. The multiple cross-sectional image from multidetector computed tomography was useful for the correct diagnosis of such an aneurysm. CONCLUSION The possibility of an aneurysm should be considered whenever a mass in contact with the aortic wall is identified. PMID:22995656

Patient-Specific Geometry Modeling and Mesh Generation for Simulating Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Cases by Maxillomandibular Advancement

PubMed Central

Ito, Yasushi; Cheng, Gary C.; Shih, Alan M.; Koomullil, Roy P.; Soni, Bharat K.; Sittitavornwong, Somsak; Waite, Peter D.

2011-01-01

The objective of this paper is the reconstruction of upper airway geometric models as hybrid meshes from clinically used Computed Tomography (CT) data sets in order to understand the dynamics and behaviors of the pre- and postoperative upper airway systems of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) patients by viscous Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The selection criteria for OSAS cases studied are discussed because two reasonable pre- and postoperative upper airway models for CFD simulations may not be created for every case without a special protocol for CT scanning. The geometry extraction and manipulation methods are presented with technical barriers that must be overcome so that they can be used along with computational simulation software as a daily clinical evaluation tool. Eight cases are presented in this paper, and each case consists of pre- and postoperative configurations. The results of computational simulations of two cases are included in this paper as demonstration. PMID:21625395

Body CT (CAT Scan)

MedlinePlus

... Resources Professions Site Index A-Z Computed Tomography (CT) - Body Computed tomography (CT) of the body uses ... of CT Scanning of the Body? What is CT Scanning of the Body? Computed tomography, more commonly ...

Triple synchronous primary lung cancer: a case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Kashif, Muhammad; Ayyadurai, Puvanalingam; Thanha, Luong; Khaja, Misbahuddin

2017-09-01

Multiple primary lung cancer may present in synchronous or metachronous form. Synchronous multiple primary lung cancer is defined as multiple lung lesions that develop at the same time, whereas metachronous multiple primary lung cancer describes multiple lung lesions that develop at different times, typically following treatment of the primary lung cancer. Patients with previously treated lung cancer are at risk for developing metachronous lung cancer, but with the success of computed tomography and positron emission tomography, the ability to detect both synchronous and metachronous lung cancer has increased. We present a case of a 63-year-old Hispanic man who came to our hospital for evaluation of chest pain, dry cough, and weight loss. He had recently been diagnosed with adenocarcinoma in the right upper lobe, with a poorly differentiated carcinoma favoring squamous cell cancer based on bronchoalveolar lavage of the right lower lobe for which treatment was started. Later, bronchoscopy incidentally revealed the patient to have an endobronchial lesion that turned out to be mixed small and large cell neuroendocrine lung cancer. Our patient had triple synchronous primary lung cancers that histologically were variant primary cancers. Triple synchronous primary lung cancer management continues to be a challenge. Our patient's case suggests that multiple primary lung cancers may still occur at a greater rate than can be detected by high-resolution computed tomography.

Broncho-esophageal fistula leading to lung abscess: A life-threatening emergency detected on FDG PET/CT in a case of carcinoma of middle third esophagus.

PubMed

Puranik, Ameya D; Purandare, Nilendu C; Agrawal, Archi; Shah, Sneha; Rangarajan, Venkatesh

2013-07-01

Sinister undesirable pathologies often accompany malignancies. Though the entire emphasis is on cancer management, these benign conditions are more life-threatening than the primary malignancy itself. We report an interesting imaging finding of broncho-esophageal fistula leading to lung abscess on (18)F- fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) in large middle esophageal cancer, which due to early detection, was promptly managed.

The importance of post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) in confrontation with conventional forensic autopsy of victims of motorcycle accidents.

PubMed

Moskała, Artur; Woźniak, Krzysztof; Kluza, Piotr; Romaszko, Karol; Lopatin, Oleksij

2016-01-01

Since traffic accidents are an important problem in forensic medicine, there is a constant search for new solutions to help with an investigation process in such cases. In recent years there was a rapid development of post-mortem imaging techniques, especially post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT). In our work we concentrated on a potential advantage of PMCT in cases of motorcycle accident fatalities. The results of forensic autopsy were compared with combined results of the autopsy and PMCT to check in which areas use of these two techniques gives statistically important increase in number of findings. The hypothesis was confirmed in case of pneumothorax and fractures of skull, spine, clavicle, scapula, lower leg bones. As for majority of other bone fractures locations and brain injures there were single cases with pathologies visible only in PMCT, but too few to reach expected level of p-value. In case of injuries of solid organs and soft tissues statistical analysis did not confirmed any advantage of unenhanced PMCT use. On the whole it has been shown that PMCT used as an adjunct to forensic autopsy can cause an increase in information about vitally important regions in case of motorcycle accident fatalities. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

68Ga/177Lu-labeled DOTA-TATE shows similar imaging and biodistribution in neuroendocrine tumor model.

PubMed

Liu, Fei; Zhu, Hua; Yu, Jiangyuan; Han, Xuedi; Xie, Qinghua; Liu, Teli; Xia, Chuanqin; Li, Nan; Yang, Zhi

2017-06-01

Somatostatin receptors are overexpressed in neuroendocrine tumors, whose endogenous ligands are somatostatin. DOTA-TATE is an analogue of somatostatin, which shows high binding affinity to somatostatin receptors. We aim to evaluate the 68 Ga/ 177 Lu-labeling DOTA-TATE kit in neuroendocrine tumor model for molecular imaging and to try human-positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging of 68 Ga-DOTA-TATE in neuroendocrine tumor patients. DOTA-TATE kits were formulated and radiolabeled with 68 Ga/ 177 Lu for 68 Ga/ 177 Lu-DOTA-TATE (M-DOTA-TATE). In vitro and in vivo stability of 177 Lu-DOTA-TATE were performed. Nude mice bearing human tumors were injected with 68 Ga-DOTA-TATE or 177 Lu-DOTA-TATE for micro-positron emission tomography and micro-single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging separately, and clinical positron emission tomography/computed tomography images of 68 Ga-DOTA-TATE were obtained at 1 h post-intravenous injection from patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Micro-positron emission tomography and micro-single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging of 68 Ga-DOTA-TATE and 177 Lu-DOTA-TATE both showed clear tumor uptake which could be blocked by excess DOTA-TATE. In addition, 68 Ga-DOTA-TATE-positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in neuroendocrine tumor patients could show primary and metastatic lesions. 68 Ga-DOTA-TATE and 177 Lu-DOTA-TATE could accumulate in tumors in animal models, paving the way for better clinical peptide receptor radionuclide therapy for neuroendocrine tumor patients in Asian population.

The diagnostic value of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography for severe sacroiliac joint dysfunction.

PubMed

Tofuku, Katsuhiro; Koga, Hiroaki; Komiya, Setsuro

2015-04-01

We aimed to evaluate the value of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunction. SPECT/CT was performed in 32 patients with severe SIJ dysfunction, who did not respond to 1-year conservative treatment and had a score of >4 points on a 10-cm visual analog scale. We investigated the relationship between the presence of severe SIJ dysfunction and tracer accumulation, as confirmed by SPECT/CT. In cases of bilateral SIJ dysfunction, we also compared the intensity of tracer accumulation on each side. Moreover, we examined the relationship between the intensity of tracer accumulation and the different treatments the patients subsequently received. All 32 patients with severe SIJ dysfunction had tracer accumulation with a standardized uptake value (SUV) of >2.2 (mean SUV 4.7). In the 19 patients with lateralized symptom intensity, mean SUVs of the dominant side were significantly higher than those of the nondominant side. In 10 patients with no lateralization, the difference in the SUVs between sides was <0.6. Patients exhibiting higher levels of tracer accumulation required more advanced treatment. Patients with higher levels of tracer accumulation had greater symptom severity and also required more advanced treatment. Thus, we believe that SPECT/CT may be a suitable supplementary diagnostic modality for SIJ dysfunction as well as a useful technique for predicting the prognosis of this condition.

An Investigation of the Morphology of the Petrotympanic Fissure Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

PubMed Central

Syriopoulos, Konstantinos; Sens, Rogier L.; Politis, Constantinus

2018-01-01

ABSTRACT Objectives The purpose of the present study was: a) to examine the visibility and morphology of the petrotympanic fissure on cone-beam computed tomography images, and b) to investigate whether the petrotympanic fissure morphology is significantly affected by gender and age, or not. Material and Methods Using Newtom VGi (QR Verona, Italy), 106 cone-beam computed tomography examinations (212 temporomandibular joint areas) of both genders were retrospectively and randomly selected. Two observers examined the images and subsequently classified by consensus the petrotympanic fissure morphology into the following three types: type 1 - widely open; type 2 - narrow middle; type 3 - very narrow/closed. Results The petrotympanic fissure morphology was assessed as type 1, type 2, and type 3 in 85 (40.1%), 72 (34.0%), and 55 (25.9%) cases, respectively. No significant difference was found between left and right petrotympanic fissure morphology (Kappa = 0.37; P < 0.001). Furthermore, no significant difference was found between genders, specifically P = 0.264 and P = 0.211 for the right and left petrotympanic fissure morphology, respectively. However, the ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that males tend to have narrower petrotympanic fissures, in particular OR = 1.58 for right and OR = 1.5 for left petrotympanic fissure. Conclusions The current study lends support to the conclusion that an enhanced multi-planar cone-beam computed tomography yields a clear depiction of the petrotympanic fissure's morphological characteristics. We have found that the morphology is neither gender nor age-related. PMID:29707183

An Investigation of the Morphology of the Petrotympanic Fissure Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

PubMed

Damaskos, Spyros; Syriopoulos, Konstantinos; Sens, Rogier L; Politis, Constantinus

2018-01-01

The purpose of the present study was: a) to examine the visibility and morphology of the petrotympanic fissure on cone-beam computed tomography images, and b) to investigate whether the petrotympanic fissure morphology is significantly affected by gender and age, or not. Using Newtom VGi (QR Verona, Italy), 106 cone-beam computed tomography examinations (212 temporomandibular joint areas) of both genders were retrospectively and randomly selected. Two observers examined the images and subsequently classified by consensus the petrotympanic fissure morphology into the following three types: type 1 - widely open; type 2 - narrow middle; type 3 - very narrow/closed. The petrotympanic fissure morphology was assessed as type 1, type 2, and type 3 in 85 (40.1%), 72 (34.0%), and 55 (25.9%) cases, respectively. No significant difference was found between left and right petrotympanic fissure morphology (Kappa = 0.37; P < 0.001). Furthermore, no significant difference was found between genders, specifically P = 0.264 and P = 0.211 for the right and left petrotympanic fissure morphology, respectively. However, the ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that males tend to have narrower petrotympanic fissures, in particular OR = 1.58 for right and OR = 1.5 for left petrotympanic fissure. The current study lends support to the conclusion that an enhanced multi-planar cone-beam computed tomography yields a clear depiction of the petrotympanic fissure's morphological characteristics. We have found that the morphology is neither gender nor age-related.

Efficacy and safety of balloon pulmonary angioplasty for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension guided by cone-beam computed tomography and electrocardiogram-gated area detector computed tomography.

PubMed

Ogo, Takeshi; Fukuda, Tetsuya; Tsuji, Akihiro; Fukui, Shigefumi; Ueda, Jin; Sanda, Yoshihiro; Morita, Yoshiaki; Asano, Ryotaro; Konagai, Nao; Yasuda, Satoshi

2017-04-01

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a disease characterized by chronic obstructive thrombus and pulmonary hypertension. Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA), an emerging alternative catheter-based treatment for inoperable patients with CTEPH, has not yet been standardised, especially for lesion assessment in distal pulmonary arteries. Recent advancement in computed tomography enables distal CTEPH lesions to be visualized. We retrospectively studied 80 consecutive patients with inoperable CTEPH who received BPA guided by cone-beam computed tomography (CT) (CBCT) or electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated area detector CT (ADCT) for target lesion assessment. We collected clinical and hemodynamic data, including procedural complications, before BPA and at 3 months and 1year after BPA. Three hundred eight-five BPA sessions (4.8 sessions/patient) were performed for the lesions of subsegmental arteries (1155 lesions), segmental arteries (738 lesions), and lobar arteries (4 lesions) identified by CBCT or ECG-gated ADCT. Significant improvements in the symptoms, 6-min walk distance, brain natriuretic peptide level, exercise capacity, and haemodynamics were observed 3 months and 1year after BPA. No cases of death or cardiogenic shock with a low rate of severe wire perforation (0.3%) and severe reperfusion oedema (0.3%) were observed. BPA guided by CBCT or ECG-gated ADCT is effective and remarkably safe in patients with CTEPH . These new advanced CT techniques may be useful in pre-BPA target lesion assessment. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Brain Swelling and Loss of Gray and White Matter Differentiation in Human Postmortem Cases by Computed Tomography.

PubMed

Shirota, Go; Gonoi, Wataru; Ishida, Masanori; Okuma, Hidemi; Shintani, Yukako; Abe, Hiroyuki; Takazawa, Yutaka; Ikemura, Masako; Fukayama, Masashi; Ohtomo, Kuni

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the brain by postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) versus antemortem computed tomography (AMCT) using brains from the same patients. We studied 36 nontraumatic subjects who underwent AMCT, PMCT, and pathological autopsy in our hospital between April 2009 and December 2013. PMCT was performed within 20 h after death, followed by pathological autopsy including the brain. Autopsy confirmed the absence of intracranial disorders that might be related to the cause of death or might affect measurements in our study. Width of the third ventricle, width of the central sulcus, and attenuation in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) from the same area of the basal ganglia, centrum semiovale, and high convexity were statistically compared between AMCT and PMCT. Both the width of the third ventricle and the central sulcus were significantly shorter in PMCT than in AMCT (P < 0.0001). GM attenuation increased after death at the level of the centrum semiovale and high convexity, but the differences were not statistically significant considering the differences in attenuation among the different computed tomography scanners. WM attenuation significantly increased after death at all levels (P<0.0001). The differences were larger than the differences in scanners. GM/WM ratio of attenuation was significantly lower by PMCT than by AMCT at all levels (P<0.0001). PMCT showed an increase in WM attenuation, loss of GM-WM differentiation, and brain swelling, evidenced by a decrease in the size of ventricles and sulci.

Mathematics of Computed Tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hawkins, William Grant

A review of the applications of the Radon transform is presented, with emphasis on emission computed tomography and transmission computed tomography. The theory of the 2D and 3D Radon transforms, and the effects of attenuation for emission computed tomography are presented. The algebraic iterative methods, their importance and limitations are reviewed. Analytic solutions of the 2D problem the convolution and frequency filtering methods based on linear shift invariant theory, and the solution of the circular harmonic decomposition by integral transform theory--are reviewed. The relation between the invisible kernels, the inverse circular harmonic transform, and the consistency conditions are demonstrated. The discussion and review are extended to the 3D problem-convolution, frequency filtering, spherical harmonic transform solutions, and consistency conditions. The Cormack algorithm based on reconstruction with Zernike polynomials is reviewed. An analogous algorithm and set of reconstruction polynomials is developed for the spherical harmonic transform. The relations between the consistency conditions, boundary conditions and orthogonal basis functions for the 2D projection harmonics are delineated and extended to the 3D case. The equivalence of the inverse circular harmonic transform, the inverse Radon transform, and the inverse Cormack transform is presented. The use of the number of nodes of a projection harmonic as a filter is discussed. Numerical methods for the efficient implementation of angular harmonic algorithms based on orthogonal functions and stable recursion are presented. The derivation of a lower bound for the signal-to-noise ratio of the Cormack algorithm is derived.

Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of four-view radiography and conventional computed tomography analysing sacral and pelvic fractures in dogs.

PubMed

Stieger-Vanegas, S M; Senthirajah, S K J; Nemanic, S; Baltzer, W; Warnock, J; Bobe, G

2015-01-01

The purpose of our study was (1) to determine whether four-view radiography of the pelvis is as reliable and accurate as computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing sacral and pelvic fractures, in addition to coxofemoral and sacroiliac joint subluxation or luxation, and (2) to evaluate the effect of the amount of training in reading diagnostic imaging studies on the accuracy of diagnosing sacral and pelvic fractures in dogs. Sacral and pelvic fractures were created in 11 canine cadavers using a lateral impactor. In all cadavers, frog-legged ventro-dorsal, lateral, right and left ventro-45°-medial to dorsolateral oblique frog leg ("rollover 45-degree view") radiographs and a CT of the pelvis were obtained. Two radiologists, two surgeons and two veterinary students classified fractures using a confidence scale and noted the duration of evaluation for each imaging modality and case. The imaging results were compared to gross dissection. All evaluators required significantly more time to analyse CT images compared to radiographic images. Sacral and pelvic fractures, specifically those of the sacral body, ischiatic table, and the pubic bone, were more accurately diagnosed using CT compared to radiography. Fractures of the acetabulum and iliac body were diagnosed with similar accuracy (at least 86%) using either modality. Computed tomography is a better method for detecting canine sacral and some pelvic fractures compared to radiography. Computed tomography provided an accuracy of close to 100% in persons trained in evaluating CT images.

Spontaneous Coronary Dissection: “Live Flash” Optical Coherence Tomography Guided Angioplasty

PubMed Central

Bento, Angela Pimenta; Fernandes, Renato Gil dos Santos Pinto; Neves, David Cintra Henriques Silva; Patrício, Lino Manuel Ribeiro; de Aguiar, José Eduardo Chambel

2016-01-01

Optical Coherence tomography (OCT) is a light-based imaging modality which shows tremendous potential in the setting of coronary imaging. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an infrequent cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The diagnosis of SCAD is made mainly with invasive coronary angiography, although adjunctive imaging modalities such as computed tomography angiography, IVUS, and OCT may increase the diagnostic yield. The authors describe a clinical case of a young woman admitted with the diagnosis of ACS. The ACS was caused by SCAD detected in the coronary angiography and the angioplasty was guided by OCT. OCT use in the setting of SCAD has been already described and the true innovation in this case was this unique use of OCT. The guidance of angioplasty with live and short images was very useful as it allowed clearly identifying the position of the guidewires at any given moment without the use of prohibitive amounts of contrast. PMID:26989520

Spontaneous Coronary Dissection: "Live Flash" Optical Coherence Tomography Guided Angioplasty.

PubMed

Bento, Angela Pimenta; Fernandes, Renato Gil Dos Santos Pinto; Neves, David Cintra Henriques Silva; Patrício, Lino Manuel Ribeiro; de Aguiar, José Eduardo Chambel

2016-01-01

Optical Coherence tomography (OCT) is a light-based imaging modality which shows tremendous potential in the setting of coronary imaging. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an infrequent cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The diagnosis of SCAD is made mainly with invasive coronary angiography, although adjunctive imaging modalities such as computed tomography angiography, IVUS, and OCT may increase the diagnostic yield. The authors describe a clinical case of a young woman admitted with the diagnosis of ACS. The ACS was caused by SCAD detected in the coronary angiography and the angioplasty was guided by OCT. OCT use in the setting of SCAD has been already described and the true innovation in this case was this unique use of OCT. The guidance of angioplasty with live and short images was very useful as it allowed clearly identifying the position of the guidewires at any given moment without the use of prohibitive amounts of contrast.

Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in Cardiothoracic Vascular Imaging.

PubMed

De Santis, Domenico; Eid, Marwen; De Cecco, Carlo N; Jacobs, Brian E; Albrecht, Moritz H; Varga-Szemes, Akos; Tesche, Christian; Caruso, Damiano; Laghi, Andrea; Schoepf, Uwe Joseph

2018-07-01

Dual energy computed tomography is becoming increasingly widespread in clinical practice. It can expand on the traditional density-based data achievable with single energy computed tomography by adding novel applications to help reach a more accurate diagnosis. The implementation of this technology in cardiothoracic vascular imaging allows for improved image contrast, metal artifact reduction, generation of virtual unenhanced images, virtual calcium subtraction techniques, cardiac and pulmonary perfusion evaluation, and plaque characterization. The improved diagnostic performance afforded by dual energy computed tomography is not associated with an increased radiation dose. This review provides an overview of dual energy computed tomography cardiothoracic vascular applications. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Death by 'ice': fatal methamphetamine intoxication of a body packer case detected by postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) and validated by autopsy.

PubMed

Bin Abdul Rashid, Saiful Nizam; Rahim, Amir Saad Abdul; Thali, Michael J; Flach, Patricia M

2013-03-01

Fatal acute methamphetamine (MA) poisoning in cases of internal drug trafficking is rarely described in the literature. This case study reports an MA 'body packer' who died from fatal methamphetamine intoxication due to leaking drug packages in the alimentary tract. The deceased was examined by postmortem computed tomography (PMCT), and the results were correlated to subsequent autopsy and toxicological findings. The deceased was arrested by the police when he was found disoriented in the city of Kuala Lumpur. He was transferred to the emergency department on suspicion of drug abuse. The initial drug screening was reactive for amphetamines. Shortly after admission to the hospital, he died despite rigorous resuscitation attempts. The postmortem plain chest and abdominal radiographs revealed multiple suspicious opacities in the gastrointestinal tract attributable to body packages. An unenhanced whole body PMCT revealed twenty-five drug packages, twenty-four in the stomach and one in the transverse colon. At least two were disintegrating, and therefore leaking. The autopsy findings were consistent with the PMCT results. Toxicology confirmed the diagnosis of fatal methamphetamine intoxication.

MDCT detection of anomalous origins of the left main coronary artery: report of 2 cases.

PubMed

Matsumoto, Naoya; Sato, Yuichi; Kunimasa, Taeko; Yoda, Shunichi; Yokoyama, Shinichiro; Takayama, Tadateru; Komatsu, Sei; Achenbach, Stephan; Saito, Satoshi; Hirayama, Atsushi

2008-11-28

The left main coronary artery (LMCA) arising either from the right sinus of Valsalva, separately from the right coronary artery (RCA), or from the RCA as a single coronary artery is an extremely rare coronary artery anomaly. We report 2 cases of anomalous origins of the LMCA detected by multidetector-row computed tomography.

Neutron imaging with lithium indium diselenide: Surface properties, spatial resolution, and computed tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lukosi, Eric D.; Herrera, Elan H.; Hamm, Daniel S.; Burger, Arnold; Stowe, Ashley C.

2017-11-01

An array of lithium indium diselenide (LISe) scintillators were investigated for application in neutron imaging. The sensors, varying in thickness and surface roughness, were tested using both reflective and anti-reflective mounting to an aluminum window. The spatial resolution of each LISe scintillator was calculated using the knife-edge test and a modulation transfer function analysis. It was found that the anti-reflective backing case yielded higher spatial resolutions by up to a factor of two over the reflective backing case despite a reduction in measured light yield by an average of 1.97. In most cases, the use of an anti-reflective backing resulted in a higher spatial resolution than the 50 μm-thick ZnS(Cu):6 LiF comparison scintillation screen. The effect of surface roughness was not directly correlated to measured light yield or observed spatial resolution, but weighting the reflective backing case by the random surface roughness revealed that a linear relationship exists between the fractional change (RB/ARB) of the two. Finally, the LISe scintillator array was used in neutron computed tomography to investigate the features of halyomorpha halys with the reflective and anti-reflective backing.

Fatal pleural mesothelioma in Japan (2003-2008): evaluation of computed tomography findings.

PubMed

Kato, Katsuya; Gemba, Kenichi; Fujimoto, Nobukazu; Aoe, Keisuke; Takeshima, Yukio; Inai, Kouki; Kishimoto, Takumi

2016-06-01

The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristic findings of mesothelioma at the time of diagnosis, and determine precautions and guidelines for diagnosing mesothelioma early in imaging studies. Overall, 327 patients with pleural mesothelioma were selected from 6030 patients who died of mesothelioma between 2003 and 2008 in Japan. Their imaging findings were examined retrospectively. Plaques were found in 35 % of computed tomography (CT) scans. Asbestosis, diffuse pleural thickening, and rounded atelectasis were found in only seven (2 %), five (2 %), and two cases (1 %), respectively. Pleural thickening findings on CT scans were classified into four stages: no irregularity, mild irregularity, high irregularity, and mass formation. Overall, 18 % of cases did not show a clear irregularity. Localized thickening was observed in the mediastinal (77 %) and basal (76 %) pleura and in the interlobar fissure (49 %). Eight percent of cases did not have any thickening in these three areas. Upon examination of the CT scans at diagnosis, 18 % of mesothelioma cases did not show a clear irregularity. When diagnosing pleural effusion of unknown etiology, it is necessary to consider the possibility of mesothelioma even when no plaque and pleural irregularity are observed.

Failure to Obtain Computed Tomography Imaging in Head Trauma: A Review of Relevant Case Law.

PubMed

Lindor, Rachel A; Boie, Eric T; Campbell, Ronna L; Hess, Erik P; Sadosty, Annie T

2015-12-01

The objectives were to describe lawsuits against providers for failing to order head computed tomography (CT) in cases of head trauma and to determine the potential effects of available clinical decision rules (CDRs) on each lawsuit. The authors collected jury verdicts, settlements, and court opinions regarding alleged malpractice for failure to order head CT in the setting of head trauma from 1972 through February 2014 from an online legal research tool (WestlawNext). Data were abstracted onto a standardized data form. The performance of five CDRs was evaluated. Sixty relevant cases were identified (52 adult, eight children). Of 48 cases with known outcomes, providers were found negligent in 10 cases (six adult, four pediatric), settled in 11 cases (nine adult, two pediatric), and were found not liable in 27 cases. In all 10 cases in which providers were found negligent, every applicable CDR studied would have indicated the need for head CT. In all eight cases involving children, the applicable CDR would have suggested the need for head CT or observation. A review of legal cases reported in a major online legal research system revealed 60 lawsuits in which providers were sued for failing to order head CTs in cases of head trauma. In all cases in which providers were found negligent, CT imaging or observation would have been indicated by every applicable CDR. © 2015 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

Magnetic resonance and computed tomographic imaging in the evaluation of acute neuropsychiatric disease in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PubMed Central

Sibbitt, W L; Sibbitt, R R; Griffey, R H; Eckel, C; Bankhurst, A D

1989-01-01

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) are useful for the evaluation of central nervous system (CNS) lupus. This report describes the use of cranial MR and CT in 21 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with acute neuropsychiatric symptoms manifested by headache, seizures, focal neurological deficits, psychosis, or organic brain syndrome. Computed tomography was found to be insensitive and detected only diffuse atrophy (two cases), cerebral infarct (one case), and intracerebral haemorrhage (one case) in the 21 patients. Cranial MR images obtained with a General Electric 1.5 tesla Signa unit detected labile and fixed areas of increased proton intensity interpreted as focal oedema (eight cases), infarct (10 cases), haemorrhage (one), atrophy (seven), and acute sinusitis (two). Focal oedema was characterised by labile, high intensity lesions in the gray or white matter of the cerebellum, cerebrum, or brain stem, which completely resolved after aggressive corticosteroid treatment. Most high intensity reversible or fixed lesions evident on MR were not apparent on cranial CT images. In several patients sequential MR images were valuable in monitoring the efforts of treatment. Although histological confirmation of the high intensity brain lesions apparent on MR is desirable, prior necropsy studies suggest that pathological confirmation may be difficult owing to the paucity of recognisable brain lesions in patients with CNS lupus. It is concluded that for the evaluation of acute neuropsychiatric SLE MR is useful and provides more information than cranial CT. Images PMID:2619353

A long-term survivor of disseminated Aspergillus and mucorales infection: an instructive case.

PubMed

Davoudi, Setareh; Anderlini, Paolo; Fuller, Gregory N; Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P

2014-12-01

Invasive fungal infections remain major causes of infection-related mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. Mixed infections and multiple organ involvement have been reported in these patients. Here, we report a case of mixed Aspergillus and Mucorales infection involving the lungs, brain, spleen and bone in a HSCT patient with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia, who finally improved with triple antifungal therapy and neurosurgical evacuation of brain abscesses. She was put on lifelong secondary prophylaxis with posaconazole with excellent compliance and no sign of toxicity despite over 10 years of drug administration. Serial galactomannan measurements and positron emission tomography/computed tomography were used and were helpful for disease activity monitoring. This is an instructive case of long-term survival after a severe combined mould infection.

A Freeware Path to Neutron Computed Tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schillinger, Burkhard; Craft, Aaron E.

Neutron computed tomography has become a routine method at many neutron sources due to the availability of digital detection systems, powerful computers and advanced software. The commercial packages Octopus by Inside Matters and VGStudio by Volume Graphics have been established as a quasi-standard for high-end computed tomography. However, these packages require a stiff investment and are available to the users only on-site at the imaging facility to do their data processing. There is a demand from users to have image processing software at home to do further data processing; in addition, neutron computed tomography is now being introduced even at smaller and older reactors. Operators need to show a first working tomography setup before they can obtain a budget to build an advanced tomography system. Several packages are available on the web for free; however, these have been developed for X-rays or synchrotron radiation and are not immediately useable for neutron computed tomography. Three reconstruction packages and three 3D-viewers have been identified and used even for Gigabyte datasets. This paper is not a scientific publication in the classic sense, but is intended as a review to provide searchable help to make the described packages usable for the tomography community. It presents the necessary additional preprocessing in ImageJ, some workarounds for bugs in the software, and undocumented or badly documented parameters that need to be adapted for neutron computed tomography. The result is a slightly complicated, but surprisingly high-quality path to neutron computed tomography images in 3D, but not a replacement for the even more powerful commercial software mentioned above.

Terahertz Computed Tomography of NASA Thermal Protection System Materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roth, D. J.; Reyes-Rodriguez, S.; Zimdars, D. A.; Rauser, R. W.; Ussery, W. W.

2011-01-01

A terahertz axial computed tomography system has been developed that uses time domain measurements in order to form cross-sectional image slices and three-dimensional volume renderings of terahertz-transparent materials. The system can inspect samples as large as 0.0283 cubic meters (1 cubic foot) with no safety concerns as for x-ray computed tomography. In this study, the system is evaluated for its ability to detect and characterize flat bottom holes, drilled holes, and embedded voids in foam materials utilized as thermal protection on the external fuel tanks for the Space Shuttle. X-ray micro-computed tomography was also performed on the samples to compare against the terahertz computed tomography results and better define embedded voids. Limits of detectability based on depth and size for the samples used in this study are loosely defined. Image sharpness and morphology characterization ability for terahertz computed tomography are qualitatively described.

NUT Midline Carcinoma in Elderly Patients: Usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT for Treatment Assessment.

PubMed

Kawase, Takatsugu; Naka, Go; Kubota, Kazuo; Sakashita, Baku; Takeda, Yuichiro

2015-09-01

Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) midline carcinoma is a rare disease that generally arises in adolescents and young adults. However, we encountered a rare NUT midline carcinoma case in an elderly patient. F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) studies were performed before and during the treatment course. In this case, the initial PET/CT study revealed locoregional hypermetabolism in the mediastinal lesion. After then, the interim PET/CT study indicated a clear diminishing response to the initial treatment, whereas the residual masses were morphologically observable. Nuclear imaging may allow visualization of the therapeutic effect of antineoplastic therapies in both young and elderly patients.

[A rare primary tumor of the mediastinum: pleomorphic liposarcoma].

PubMed

Msaad, S; Yangui, I; Ayedi, L; Ketata, W; Sellami, T; Ayoub, A; Jlidi, R

2007-12-01

Liposarcoma of the mediastinum is a rare tumor with various histologic features. We report a case of mediatinal pleomorphic liposarcoma in a 37-year-old man who complained of chest pain. Computed tomography showed an anterior expansive process within the mediastinum. Histological diagnosis was established by a trans-thoracic computed tomography guided core-needle biopsy. Despite a first cure of chemotherapy with gemcitabin/cisplatin, disease progression led to death 3 months after diagnosis. Mediastinal pleomorphic liposarcoma is an exceptional invading tumor affecting the middle-aged adult. This tumor, usually giant, becomes symptomatic by compression of mediastinal structures. Surgery is the best treatment when possible. The role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy are discussed. Prognosis depends both on the quality of resection and the grade malignancy.

Dynamic enhanced computed tomography imaging findings of an inflammatory fibroid polyp with massive fibrosis in the stomach

PubMed Central

Shim, Eun Jung; Ahn, Sung Eun; Lee, Dong Ho; Park, Seong Jin; Kim, Youn Wha

2017-01-01

Inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) is a rare benign lesion of the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of computed tomography (CT) imaging finding of a gastric IFP with massive fibrosis. CT scans showed thickening of submucosal layer with overlying mucosal hyperenhancement in the gastric antrum. The submucosal layer showed increased enhancement on delayed phase imaging. An antrectomy with gastroduodenostomy was performed because gastric cancer was suspected, particularly signet ring cell carcinoma. The histopathological diagnosis was an IFP with massive fibrosis. The authors suggest that when the submucosal layer of the gastric wall is markedly thickened with delayed enhancement and preservation of the mucosal layer, an IFP with massive fibrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis. PMID:28373777

Into the decomposed body-forensic digital autopsy using multislice-computed tomography.

PubMed

Thali, M J; Yen, K; Schweitzer, W; Vock, P; Ozdoba, C; Dirnhofer, R

2003-07-08

It is impossible to obtain a representative anatomical documentation of an entire body using classical X-ray methods, they subsume three-dimensional bodies into a two-dimensional level. We used the novel multislice-computed tomography (MSCT) technique in order to evaluate a case of homicide with putrefaction of the corpse before performing a classical forensic autopsy. This non-invasive method showed gaseous distension of the decomposing organs and tissues in detail as well as a complex fracture of the calvarium. MSCT also proved useful in screening for foreign matter in decomposing bodies, and full-body scanning took only a few minutes. In conclusion, we believe postmortem MSCT imaging is an excellent vizualisation tool with great potential for forensic documentation and evaluation of decomposed bodies.

Potential advantage of studying the lymphatic drainage by sentinel node technique and SPECT-CT image fusion for pelvic irradiation of prostate cancer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krengli, Marco; Ballare, Andrea; Cannillo, Barbara

2006-11-15

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the in vivo drainage of lymphatic spread by using the sentinel node (SN) technique and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-computed tomography (CT) image fusion, and to analyze the impact of such information on conformal pelvic irradiation. Methods and Materials: Twenty-three prostate cancer patients, candidates for radical prostatectomy already included in a trial studying the SN technique, were enrolled. CT and SPECT images were obtained after intraprostate injection of 115 MBq of {sup 99m}Tc-nanocolloid, allowing identification of SN and other pelvic lymph nodes. Target and nontarget structures, including lymph nodes identified by SPECT, were drawnmore » on SPECT-CT fusion images. A three-dimensional conformal treatment plan was performed for each patient. Results: Single-photon emission computed tomography lymph nodal uptake was detected in 20 of 23 cases (87%). The SN was inside the pelvic clinical target volume (CTV{sub 2}) in 16 of 20 cases (80%) and received no less than the prescribed dose in 17 of 20 cases (85%). The most frequent locations of SN outside the CTV{sub 2} were the common iliac and presacral lymph nodes. Sixteen of the 32 other lymph nodes (50%) identified by SPECT were found outside the CTV{sub 2}. Overall, the SN and other intrapelvic lymph nodes identified by SPECT were not included in the CTV{sub 2} in 5 of 20 (25%) patients. Conclusions: The study of lymphatic drainage can contribute to a better knowledge of the in vivo potential pattern of lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer and can lead to a modification of treatment volume with consequent optimization of pelvic irradiation.« less

SCCT guidelines for the performance and acquisition of coronary computed tomographic angiography: A report of the society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidelines Committee: Endorsed by the North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI).

PubMed

Abbara, Suhny; Blanke, Philipp; Maroules, Christopher D; Cheezum, Michael; Choi, Andrew D; Han, B Kelly; Marwan, Mohamed; Naoum, Chris; Norgaard, Bjarne L; Rubinshtein, Ronen; Schoenhagen, Paul; Villines, Todd; Leipsic, Jonathon

In response to recent technological advancements in acquisition techniques as well as a growing body of evidence regarding the optimal performance of coronary computed tomography angiography (coronary CTA), the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidelines Committee has produced this update to its previously established 2009 "Guidelines for the Performance of Coronary CTA" (1). The purpose of this document is to provide standards meant to ensure reliable practice methods and quality outcomes based on the best available data in order to improve the diagnostic care of patients. Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidelines for the Interpretation is published separately (2). The Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidelines Committee ensures compliance with all existing standards for the declaration of conflict of interest by all authors and reviewers for the purpose ofclarity and transparency. Copyright © 2016 Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. All rights reserved.

Esthetic considerations for the treatment of the edentulous maxilla based on current informatic alternatives: a case report.

PubMed

Rodríguez-Tizcareño, Mario H; Barajas, Lizbeth; Pérez-Gásque, Marisol; Gómez, Salvador

2012-06-01

This report presents a protocol used to transfer the virtual treatment plan data to the surgical and prosthetic reality and its clinical application, bone site augmentation with computer-custom milled bovine bone graft blocks to their ideal architecture form, implant insertion based on image-guided stent fabrication, and the restorative manufacturing process through computed tomography-based software programs and navigation systems and the computer-aided design and manufacturing techniques for the treatment of the edentulous maxilla.

Intraprocedural yttrium-90 positron emission tomography/CT for treatment optimization of yttrium-90 radioembolization.

PubMed

Bourgeois, Austin C; Chang, Ted T; Bradley, Yong C; Acuff, Shelley N; Pasciak, Alexander S

2014-02-01

Radioembolization with yttrium-90 ((90)Y) microspheres relies on delivery of appropriate treatment activity to ensure patient safety and optimize treatment efficacy. We report a case in which (90)Y positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) was performed to optimize treatment planning during a same-day, three-part treatment session. This treatment consisted of (i) an initial (90)Y infusion with a dosage determined using an empiric treatment planning model, (ii) quantitative (90)Y PET/CT imaging, and (iii) a secondary infusion with treatment planning based on quantitative imaging data with the goal of delivering a specific total tumor absorbed dose. © 2014 SIR Published by SIR All rights reserved.

Comparative study of earthquake-related and non-earthquake-related head traumas using multidetector computed tomography

PubMed Central

Chu, Zhi-gang; Yang, Zhi-gang; Dong, Zhi-hui; Chen, Tian-wu; Zhu, Zhi-yu; Shao, Heng

2011-01-01

OBJECTIVE: The features of earthquake-related head injuries may be different from those of injuries obtained in daily life because of differences in circumstances. We aim to compare the features of head traumas caused by the Sichuan earthquake with those of other common head traumas using multidetector computed tomography. METHODS: In total, 221 patients with earthquake-related head traumas (the earthquake group) and 221 patients with other common head traumas (the non-earthquake group) were enrolled in our study, and their computed tomographic findings were compared. We focused the differences between fractures and intracranial injuries and the relationships between extracranial and intracranial injuries. RESULTS: More earthquake-related cases had only extracranial soft tissue injuries (50.7% vs. 26.2%, RR = 1.9), and fewer cases had intracranial injuries (17.2% vs. 50.7%, RR = 0.3) compared with the non-earthquake group. For patients with fractures and intracranial injuries, there were fewer cases with craniocerebral injuries in the earthquake group (60.6% vs. 77.9%, RR = 0.8), and the earthquake-injured patients had fewer fractures and intracranial injuries overall (1.5±0.9 vs. 2.5±1.8; 1.3±0.5 vs. 2.1±1.1). Compared with the non-earthquake group, the incidences of soft tissue injuries and cranial fractures combined with intracranial injuries in the earthquake group were significantly lower (9.8% vs. 43.7%, RR = 0.2; 35.1% vs. 82.2%, RR = 0.4). CONCLUSION: As depicted with computed tomography, the severity of earthquake-related head traumas in survivors was milder, and isolated extracranial injuries were more common in earthquake-related head traumas than in non-earthquake-related injuries, which may have been the result of different injury causes, mechanisms and settings. PMID:22012045

Breast sentinel lymph node navigation with three-dimensional computed tomography-lymphography: a 12-year study.

PubMed

Yamamoto, Shigeru; Suga, Kazuyoshi; Maeda, Kazunari; Maeda, Noriko; Yoshimura, Kiyoshi; Oka, Masaaki

2016-05-01

To evaluate the utility of three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT)-lymphography (LG) breast sentinel lymph node navigation in our institute. Between 2002 and 2013, we preoperatively identified sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in 576 clinically node-negative breast cancer patients with T1 and T2 breast cancer using 3D CT-LG method. SLN biopsy (SLNB) was performed in 557 of 576 patients using both the images of 3D CT-LG for guidance and the blue dye method. Using 3D CT-LG, SLNs were visualized in 569 (99%) of 576 patients. Of 569 patients, both lymphatic draining ducts and SLNs from the peritumoral and periareolar areas were visualized in 549 (96%) patients. Only SLNs without lymphatic draining ducts were visualized in 20 patients. Drainage lymphatic pathways visualized with 3D CT-LG (549 cases) were classified into four patterns: single route/single SLN (355 cases, 65%), multiple routes/single SLN (59 cases, 11%) single route/multiple SLNs (62 cases, 11%) and multiple routes/multiple SLNs (73 cases, 13%). SLNs were detected in 556 (99.8%) of 557 patients during SLNB. CT-LG is useful for preoperative visualization of SLNs and breast lymphatic draining routes. This preoperative method should contribute greatly to the easy detection of SLNs during SLNB.

Cone Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of the Diagnosis, Treatment Planning, and Long-Term Followup of Large Periapical Lesions Treated by Endodontic Surgery: Two Case Reports

PubMed Central

Shekhar, Vijay; Shashikala, K.

2013-01-01

The aim of this case report is to present two cases where cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used for the diagnosis, treatment planning, and followup of large periapical lesions in relation to maxillary anterior teeth treated by endodontic surgery. Periapical disease may be detected sooner using CBCT, and their true size, extent, nature, and position can be assessed. It allows clinician to select the most relevant views of the area of interest resulting in improved detection of periapical lesions. CBCT scan may provide a better, more accurate, and faster method to differentially diagnose a solid (granuloma) from a fluid-filled lesion or cavity (cyst). In the present case report, endodontic treatment was performed for both the cases followed by endodontic surgery. Biopsy was done to establish the confirmatory histopathological diagnosis of the periapical lesions. Long-term assessment of the periapical healing following surgery was done in all the three dimensions using CBCT and was found to be more accurate than IOPA radiography. It was concluded that CBCT was a useful modality in making the diagnosis and treatment plan and assessing the outcome of endodontic surgery for large periapical lesions. PMID:23762646

Calcified Neurocysticercosis Associates with Hippocampal Atrophy: A Population-Based Study

PubMed Central

Del Brutto, Oscar H.; Salgado, Perla; Lama, Julio; Del Brutto, Victor J.; Campos, Xavier; Zambrano, Mauricio; García, Héctor H.

2015-01-01

Calcified neurocysticercosis has been associated with hippocampal atrophy in patients with refractory epilepsy, but the relevance of this association in the population at large is unknown. We assessed calcified cysticerci and its association with hippocampal atrophy in elderly persons living in Atahualpa, an Ecuadorian village endemic for neurocysticercosis. All Atahualpa residents ≥ 60 years of age were invited to undergo computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging for neurocysticercosis detection. Twenty-eight (11%) out of 248 enrolled persons had calcified cysticerci (case-patients) and were matched 1:1 by age, sex, and years of education to individuals without neurocysticercosis on computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (controls). Four case-patients and none of the controls had epilepsy (P = 0.134). Cognitive performance was similar across both groups. The Scheltens' medial temporal atrophy scale was used for hippocampal rating in case-patients and matched controls without neurocysticercosis. Mean score in the Scheltens' scale was higher in case-patients than in controls (P < 0.001). Atrophic hippocampi were noticed in 19 case-patients and five controls (P = 0.003). Atrophy was bilateral in 11 case-patients and unilateral in eight. All case-patients with unilateral hippocampal atrophy had at least one ipsilateral calcification. This study shows an association between calcified cysticerci and hippocampal atrophy and raises the possibility of an inflammation-mediated hippocampal damage as the responsible mechanism for these findings. PMID:25349375

Childhood Psychosis and Computed Tomographic Brain Scan Findings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gillberg, Christopher; Svendsen, Pal

1983-01-01

Computerized tomography (CT) of the brain was used to examine 27 infantile autistic children, 9 children with other kinds of childhood psychoses, 23 children with mental retardation, and 16 normal children. Gross abnormalities were seen in 26 percent of the autism cases. (Author/SEW)

[Prenatal diagnosis of the Dandy-Walker syndrome using sonography and computed tomography].

PubMed

Tölly, E; Ebner, F; Oberbauer, R W

1984-07-01

A case of Dandy-Walker-syndrome is presented, comparing the value of sonography and CT in intrauterine diagnosis. Together with a review of the literature of the subject, pathogenesis, morphology and prognosis in regard to the psychomotoric development are discussed.

Intermuscular pterygoid-temporal abscess following inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia–A computer tomography based navigated surgical intervention: Case report and review

PubMed Central

Wallner, Jürgen; Reinbacher, Knut Ernst; Pau, Mauro; Feichtinger, Matthias

2014-01-01

Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) anesthesia is a common local anesthetic procedure. Although IANB anesthesia is known for its safety, complications can still occur. Today immediately or delayed occurring disorders following IANB anesthesia and their treatment are well-recognized. We present a case of a patient who developed a symptomatic abscess in the pterygoid region as a result of several inferior alveolar nerve injections. Clinical symptoms included diffuse pain, reduced mouth opening and jaw's hypomobility and were persistent under a first step conservative treatment. Since image-based navigated interventions have gained in importance and are used for various procedures a navigated surgical intervention was initiated as a second step therapy. Thus precise, atraumatic surgical intervention was performed by an optical tracking system in a difficult anatomical region. A symptomatic abscess was treated by a computed tomography-based navigated surgical intervention at our department. Advantages and disadvantages of this treatment strategy are evaluated. PMID:24987612

Intermuscular pterygoid-temporal abscess following inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia-A computer tomography based navigated surgical intervention: Case report and review.

PubMed

Wallner, Jürgen; Reinbacher, Knut Ernst; Pau, Mauro; Feichtinger, Matthias

2014-01-01

Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) anesthesia is a common local anesthetic procedure. Although IANB anesthesia is known for its safety, complications can still occur. Today immediately or delayed occurring disorders following IANB anesthesia and their treatment are well-recognized. We present a case of a patient who developed a symptomatic abscess in the pterygoid region as a result of several inferior alveolar nerve injections. Clinical symptoms included diffuse pain, reduced mouth opening and jaw's hypomobility and were persistent under a first step conservative treatment. Since image-based navigated interventions have gained in importance and are used for various procedures a navigated surgical intervention was initiated as a second step therapy. Thus precise, atraumatic surgical intervention was performed by an optical tracking system in a difficult anatomical region. A symptomatic abscess was treated by a computed tomography-based navigated surgical intervention at our department. Advantages and disadvantages of this treatment strategy are evaluated.

Evaluation of Computed Tomography of Mock Uranium Fuel Rods at the Advanced Photon Source

DOE PAGES

Hunter, James F.; Brown, Donald William; Okuniewski, Maria

2015-06-01

This study discusses a multi-year effort to evaluate the utility of computed tomography at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) as a tool for non-destructive evaluation of uranium based fuel rods. The majority of the data presented is on mock material made with depleted uranium which mimics the x-ray attenuation characteristics of fuel rods while allowing for simpler handling. A range of data is presented including full thickness (5mm diameter) fuel rodlets, reduced thickness (1.8mm) sintering test samples, and pre/post irradiation samples (< 1mm thick). These data were taken on both a white beam (bending magnet) beamline and a high energy,more » monochromatic beamline. This data shows the utility of a synchrotron type source in the evealuation of manufacturing defects (pre-irradiation) and lays out the case for in situ CT of fuel pellet sintering. Finally, in addition data is shown from small post-irradiation samples and a case is made for post-irradiation CT of larger samples.« less

Acute acalculous cholecystitis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a rare initial manifestation.

PubMed

Manuel, Valdano; Pedro, Gertrudes Maria; Cordeiro, Lemuel Bornelli; de Miranda, Sandra Maria da Rocha Neto

2016-01-01

Acute acalculous cholecystitis is a very rare gastrointestinal manifestation in systemic lupus erythematosus and becomes rarer as an initial manifestation. There are only two cases reported. The authors report a 20-year-old black woman that presented acute acalculous cholecystitis revealed by abdominal computed tomography. During hospitalization, she was diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus. Conservative treatment with antibiotics was performed with complete remission of the symptoms. Corticosteroid was started in ambulatory. Cholecystectomy has been the treatment of choice in acute acalculous cholecystitis as a complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. The patient responded well to conservative treatment, and surgery was not required. This case is unique in the way that corticosteroid was started in ambulatory care. We should not forget that the acute acalculous cholecystitis can be the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus although its occurrence is very rare. Conservative treatment should be considered. Abdominal computed tomography was a determinant exam for better assessment of acute acalculous cholecystitis. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

The Contribution of SPECT/CT in the Diagnosis of Stress Fracture of the Proximal Tibia.

PubMed

Okudan, Berna; Coşkun, Nazım; Arıcan, Pelin

2018-02-01

Stress fractures are injuries most commonly seen in the lower limbs and are usually caused by repetitive stress. While the distal and middle third of the tibia is the most frequent site for stress fractures (almost 50%), stress fractures of the proximal tibia is relatively rare and could be confused with other types of tibial fractures, thus altering management plans for the clinician. Early diagnosis of stress fractures is also important to avoid complications. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of stress fractures, especially bone scan. Combined with single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) it is an important imaging technique for stress fractures in both upper and lower extremities, and is widely preferred over other imaging techniques. In this case, we present the case of a 39-year-old male patient diagnosed with stress fracture of the proximal tibia and demonstrate the contribution of CT scan fused with SPECT imaging in the early diagnosis of stress fracture prior to other imaging modalities.

Cone beam computed tomography in paediatric dentistry: overview of recent literature.

PubMed

Aps, J K M

2013-06-01

The use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in paediatric dentistry has been mentioned in numerous publications and case reports. The indications for the use of CBCT in paediatric dentistry, however, have not yet been properly addressed. On the other hand, the three basic principles of radiation protection (justification, limitation and optimisation) should suffice. A review of the current literature was used to assess the indications and contra-indications for the use of CBCT in paediatric dentistry. Paramount is the fact that CBCT generates a higher effective dose to the tissues than traditional dental radiographic exposures do. The effective radiation dose should not be underestimated, especially not in children, who are much more susceptible to stochastic biological effects. The thyroid gland in particular should be kept out of the primary beam as much as possible. As with any other radiographical technique, routine use of CBCT is not acceptable clinical practice. CBCT certainly has a place in paediatric dentistry, but its use must be justified on a patient case individual basis.

Brain single-photon emission computed tomography in fetal alcohol syndrome: a case report and study implications.

PubMed

Codreanu, Ion; Yang, JiGang; Zhuang, Hongming

2012-12-01

The indications of brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in fetal alcohol syndrome are not clearly defined, even though the condition is recognized as one of the most common causes of mental retardation. This article reports a case of a 9-year-old adopted girl with developmental delay, mildly dysmorphic facial features, and behavioral and cognitive abnormalities. Extensive investigations including genetic studies and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed no abnormalities, and a diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome was considered since official diagnostic criteria were met. A brain SPECT was requested and showed severely decreased tracer activity in the thalami, basal ganglia, and temporal lobes on both sides, the overall findings being consistent with the established diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome. With increasing availability of functional brain imaging, the study indications and possible ethical implications in suspected prenatal alcohol exposure or even before adoption need further consideration. In this patient, SPECT was the only test to yield positive results.

Clinical management of occult hemothorax: a prospective study of 81 patients.

PubMed

Mahmood, Ismail; Abdelrahman, Husham; Al-Hassani, Ammar; Nabir, Syed; Sebastian, Mark; Maull, Kimball

2011-06-01

Intrapleural blood detected by computed tomography scan, but not evident on plain chest radiograph, defines occult hemothorax. This study determined the role for tube thoracostomy. Hemothorax was quantified on computed tomography by measuring the deepest lamellar fluid stripe at the most dependent portion. Data were collected prospectively on demographics, injury mechanism/severity, chest injuries, mechanical ventilation, hospital length of stay, complications, and outcome. Indications for tube thoracostomy were recorded. Tube thoracostomy was avoided in 67 patients (83%). Indications for chest tube placement included progression of hemothorax (8), desaturation (4), and delayed hemothorax (2). Patients with intrapleural fluid thickness greater than 1.5 cm were 4 times more likely to require tube thoracostomy. Occult hemothorax can be managed successfully without tube thoracostomy in most cases. Mechanical ventilation is not an indication for chest tube placement. Accompanying occult pneumothorax may be expected in 50% of cases, but did not affect clinical management. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Case Report: SPECT/CT as the New Diagnostic Tool for Specific Wrist Pathology.

PubMed

Linde, Musters; Ten Broek, M; Kraan, G A

2017-01-01

Single photon emission computed tomography has been introduced as a promising new diagnostic tool in orthopaedic pathology since the early 90'. Computed tomography, the combined with SPECT, gives insight in the specific sight of wrist pathology. Literature already supports introduction of SPECT/CT in wrist pathology, but clinical application is lagging. A 40yr old patient reported first in 2004 with persisting pain after a right distal radius fracture. Several diagnostics and operative interventions were performed, all unsuccessful. Because of the persisting pain a SPECT-CT was performed which showed a cyst in the hamate bone, which was successfully enucleated. The patient was finally pain free at recent follow-up. With a QDash-score of 43 and a PRW (H) E-DLV-score of 58/150. In this case report, SPECT/CT proved a very sensitive diagnostic tool for specific pathology of the wrist. It offered precise localisation and thereby the clinically suspected diagnosis was confirmed and the patient successfully treated.

Application of conformal transformation to elliptic geometry for electric impedance tomography.

PubMed

Yilmaz, Atila; Akdoğan, Kurtuluş E; Saka, Birsen

2008-03-01

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a medical imaging modality that is used to compute the conductivity distribution through measurements on the cross-section of a body part. An elliptic geometry model, which defines a more general frame, ensures more accurate results in reconstruction and assessment of inhomogeneities inside. This study provides a link between the analytical solutions defined in circular and elliptical geometries on the basis of the computation of conformal mapping. The results defined as voltage distributions for the homogeneous case in elliptic and circular geometries have been compared with those obtained by the use of conformal transformation between elliptical and well-known circular geometry. The study also includes the results of the finite element method (FEM) as another approach for more complex geometries for the comparison of performance in other complex scenarios for eccentric inhomogeneities. The study emphasizes that for the elliptic case the analytical solution with conformal transformation is a reliable and useful tool for developing insight into more complex forms including eccentric inhomogeneities.

The transesophageal echocardiography simulator based on computed tomography images.

PubMed

Piórkowski, Adam; Kempny, Aleksander

2013-02-01

Simulators are a new tool in education in many fields, including medicine, where they greatly improve familiarity with medical procedures, reduce costs, and, importantly, cause no harm to patients. This is so in the case of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), in which the use of a simulator facilitates spatial orientation and helps in case studies. The aim of the project described in this paper is to simulate an examination by TEE. This research makes use of available computed tomography data to simulate the corresponding echocardiographic view. This paper describes the essential characteristics that distinguish these two modalities and the key principles of the wave phenomena that should be considered in the simulation process, taking into account the conditions specific to the echocardiography. The construction of the CT2TEE (Web-based TEE simulator) is also presented. The considerations include ray-tracing and ray-casting techniques in the context of ultrasound beam and artifact simulation. An important aspect of the interaction with the user is raised.

The computed tomography appearance of recurrent and chronic appendicitis.

PubMed

Rao, P M; Rhea, J T; Novelline, R A; McCabe, C J

1998-01-01

The objective of this study was to determine computed tomography (CT) appearance of recurrent and chronic appendicitis. In 100 consecutive appendiceal CT examinations of proven appendicitis, 18 patients met criteria for recurrent (multiple discrete episodes) or chronic (continuous symptoms > 3 weeks, pathological findings) appendicitis. CT findings were reviewed. Ten patients had recurrent appendicitis, 3 had chronic appendicitis, 3 had both, and 2 had pathological chronic appendicitis. CT findings in 18 recurrent/chronic cases were identical to 82 acute appendicitis cases, including pericecal stranding (both 100%), dilated (> 6 mm) appendix (88.9% versus 93.9%), apical thickening (66.7% versus 69.5%), adenopathy (66.7% versus 61.0%), appendolith(s) (50% versus 42.7%), arrowhead (27.8% versus 22.0%), abscess (11.1% versus 11.0%), phlegmon (11.1% versus 6.1%), and fluid (5.6% versus 19.5%). CT findings in recurrent and chronic appendicitis are the same as those in acute appendicitis. Appendiceal CT can be beneficial for evaluating patients with suspected recurrent or chronic appendicitis.

The combination of digital surface scanners and cone beam computed tomography technology for guided implant surgery using 3Shape implant studio software: a case history report.

PubMed

Lanis, Alejandro; Álvarez Del Canto, Orlando

2015-01-01

The incorporation of virtual engineering into dentistry and the digitization of information are providing new perspectives and innovative alternatives for dental treatment modalities. The use of digital surface scanners with surgical planning software allows for the combination of the radiographic, prosthetic, surgical, and laboratory fields under a common virtual scenario, permitting complete digital treatment planning. In this article, the authors present a clinical case in which a guided implant surgery was performed based on a complete digital surgical plan combining the information from a cone beam computed tomography scan and the virtual simulation obtained from the 3Shape TRIOS intraoral surface scanner. The information was imported to and combined in the 3Shape Implant Studio software for guided implant surgery planning. A surgical guide was obtained by a 3D printer, and the surgical procedure was done using the Biohorizons Guided Surgery Kit and its protocol.

Management of a maxillary first molar having atypical anatomy of two roots diagnosed using cone beam computed tomography.

PubMed

Sharma, Sarang; Mittal, Meenu; Passi, Deepak; Grover, Shibani

2015-01-01

Most often, a clinician working on maxillary first molar when anticipates an aberration thinks of an extra canal but rarely does he preempt fewer canals. Maxillary first molar is a tooth, which has been extensively reviewed with respect to its external and internal morphology. Abundant literature related to its anatomy is available, but reports on incidence of two roots and two root canals in maxillary first molar are very limited. Here, a case of maxillary first molar is presented that had two roots: one palatal root with Type I canal configuration and one bulbous fused buccal root with Type V canal configuration; a unique root and canal configuration not seen in any of the earlier reported cases. Diagnosis of root canal aberrancy and subsequently, accurate management of the tooth was greatly facilitated by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan. The relevance of CBCT in improving treatment prognosis is greatly emphasized in this report.

Correlation Between Findings of Multislice Helical Computed Tomography (CT), Endoscopic Examinations, Endovascular Procedures, and Surgery in Patients with Symptoms of Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding

PubMed Central

Konecki, Dariusz; Pacho, Ryszard; Rowiński, Olgierd

2017-01-01

Summary Background Endoscopic methods (gastroscopy and colonoscopy) are considered fundamental for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding. In recent years, multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has also gained importance in diagnosing gastrointestinal bleeding, particularly in hemodynamically unstable patients and in cases with suspected lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding. CT can detect both the source and the cause of active gastrointestinal bleeding, thereby expediting treatment initiation. Material/Methods The study group consisted of 16 patients with clinical symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding in whom features of active bleeding were observed on CT. In all patients, bleeding was verified by means of other methods such as endoscopic examinations, endovascular procedures, or surgery. Results The bleeding source was identified on CT in all 16 patients. In 14 cases (87.5%), bleeding was confirmed by other methods. Conclusions CT is an efficient, fast, and readily available tool for detecting the location of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID:29662594

Comparison of ultrasonography, radiography and a single computed tomography slice for the identification of fluid within the tympanic bulla of rabbit cadavers.

PubMed

King, A M; Posthumus, J; Hammond, G; Sullivan, M

2012-08-01

Evaluation of the tympanic bulla (TB) in cases of otitis media in the rabbit can be a diagnostic challenge, although a feature often associated with the condition is the accumulation of fluid or material within the TB. Randomly selected TB from 40 rabbit cadavers were filled with a water-based, water-soluble jelly lubricant. A dorsoventral radiograph and single computed tomography (CT) slice were taken followed by an ultrasound (US) examination. Image interpretation was performed by blinded operators. The content of each TB was determined (fluid or gas) using each technique and the cadavers were frozen and sectioned for confirmation. CT was the most accurate diagnostic method, but US produced better results than radiography. Given the advantages of US over the other imaging techniques, the results suggest that further work is warranted to determine US applications in the evaluation of the rabbit TB and clinical cases of otitis media in this species. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Computed tomographic identification of calcified optic nerve drusen

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ramirez, H.; Blatt, E.S.; Hibri, N.S.

1983-07-01

Four cases of optic disk drusen were accurately diagnosed with orbital computed tomography (CT). The radiologist should be aware of the characteristic CT finding of discrete calcification within an otherwise normal optic disk. This benign process is easily differentiated from lesions such as calcific neoplastic processes of the posterior globe. CT identification of optic disk drusen is essential in the evaluation of visual field defects, migraine-like headaches, and pseudopapilledema.

Comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of canine intranasal neoplasia.

PubMed

Drees, R; Forrest, L J; Chappell, R

2009-07-01

Canine intranasal neoplasia is commonly evaluated using computed tomography to indicate the diagnosis, to determine disease extent, to guide histological sampling location and to plan treatment. With the expanding use of magnetic resonance imaging in veterinary medicine, this modality has been recently applied for the same purpose. The aim of this study was to compare the features of canine intranasal neoplasia using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Twenty-one dogs with confirmed intranasal neoplasia underwent both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The images were reviewed retrospectively for the bony and soft tissue features of intranasal neoplasia. Overall computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging performed very similarly. However, lysis of bones bordering the nasal cavity and mucosal thickening was found on computed tomography images more often than on magnetic resonance images. Small amounts of fluid in the nasal cavity were more often seen on magnetic resonance images. However, fluid in the frontal sinuses was seen equally well with both modalities. We conclude that computed tomography is satisfactory for evaluation of canine intranasal neoplasia, and no clinically relevant benefit is gained using magnetic resonance imaging for intranasal neoplasia without extent into the cranial cavity.

Cone beam computed tomography in the diagnosis of dental disease.

PubMed

Tetradis, Sotirios; Anstey, Paul; Graff-Radford, Steven

2011-07-01

Conventional radiographs provide important information for dental disease diagnosis. However, they represent 2-D images of 3-D objects with significant structure superimposition and unpredictable magnification. Cone beam computed tomography, however, allows true 3-D visualization of the dentoalveolar structures, avoiding major limitations of conventional radiographs. Cone beam computed tomography images offer great advantages in disease detection for selected patients. The authors discuss cone beam computed tomography applications in dental disease diagnosis, reviewing the pertinent literature when available.

Multiscale tomographic analysis of heterogeneous cast Al-Si-X alloys.

PubMed

Asghar, Z; Requena, G; Sket, F

2015-07-01

The three-dimensional microstructure of cast AlSi12Ni and AlSi10Cu5Ni2 alloys is investigated by laboratory X-ray computed tomography, synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography, light optical tomography and synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography with submicrometre resolution. The results obtained with each technique are correlated with the size of the scanned volumes and resolved microstructural features. Laboratory X-ray computed tomography is sufficient to resolve highly absorbing aluminides but eutectic and primary Si remain unrevealed. Synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography at ID15/ESRF gives better spatial resolution and reveals primary Si in addition to aluminides. Synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography at ID19/ESRF reveals all the phases ≥ ∼1 μm in volumes about 80 times smaller than laboratory X-ray computed tomography. The volumes investigated by light optical tomography and submicrometre synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography are much smaller than laboratory X-ray computed tomography but both techniques provide local chemical information on the types of aluminides. The complementary techniques applied enable a full three-dimensional characterization of the microstructure of the alloys at length scales ranging over six orders of magnitude. © 2015 The Authors Journal of Microscopy © 2015 Royal Microscopical Society.

Case report: portal and systemic venous gas in a patient with perforated duodenal ulcer: CT findings.

PubMed

Fam, Maged Nassef Abdalla; Attia, Khaled Mostafa Elgharib; Khalil, Safaa Maged Fathelbab

2014-07-01

Gas within the portal circulation has been known to be associated with a number of conditions most commonly mesenteric ischemia and necrosis. Systemic venous gas is described with few conditions and is mostly iatrogenic in nature. We describe a case of combined portal and systemic venous gas detected by computed tomography in a patient with perforated duodenal ulcer.

A case of orbital hemangiopericytoma in a dog.

PubMed

Beltran, W A; Colle, M A; Boulouha, L; Daude-Lagrave, A; Moissonnier, P; Clerc, B

2001-12-01

A 7-and-a-half-year-old-dog was presented with progressive unilateral exophthalmos. Computed tomography imaging revealed an orbital mass that was surgically excised by lateral orbitotomy to preserve vision. The tumor was diagnosed histologically as a hemangiopericytoma. Twelve months postoperatively there were no signs of a local recurrence. This is the first case report of a hemangiopericytoma involving the orbit of a dog.

A Clinical Evaluation of Cone Beam Computed Tomography

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-07-31

body of literature lacks in vivo studies comparing CBCT images with clinical findings. The purpose of this descriptive case series was to...All (18/18) bone measurements were underrepresented on CBCT images in this study . This case series also identified limitations in accuracy when... study was to compare pre-surgical CBCT images against the actual clinical presentation of the hard tissues. METHOD: Eleven patients requiring

Electromagnetic Navigational Bronchoscopy Reduces the Time Required for Localization and Resection of Lung Nodules.

PubMed

Bolton, William David; Cochran, Thomas; Ben-Or, Sharon; Stephenson, James E; Ellis, William; Hale, Allyson L; Binks, Andrew P

The aims of the study were to evaluate electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy (ENB) and computed tomography-guided placement as localization techniques for minimally invasive resection of small pulmonary nodules and determine whether electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy is a safer and more effective method than computed tomography-guided localization. We performed a retrospective review of our thoracic surgery database to identify patients who underwent minimally invasive resection for a pulmonary mass and used either electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy or computed tomography-guided localization techniques between July 2011 and May 2015. Three hundred eighty-three patients had a minimally invasive resection during our study period, 117 of whom underwent electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy or computed tomography localization (electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy = 81; computed tomography = 36). There was no significant difference between computed tomography and electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy patient groups with regard to age, sex, race, pathology, nodule size, or location. Both computed tomography and electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy were 100% successful at localizing the mass, and there was no difference in the type of definitive surgical resection (wedge, segmentectomy, or lobectomy) (P = 0.320). Postoperative complications occurred in 36% of all patients, but there were no complications related to the localization procedures. In terms of localization time and surgical time, there was no difference between groups. However, the down/wait time between localization and resection was significant (computed tomography = 189 minutes; electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy = 27 minutes); this explains why the difference in total time (sum of localization, down, and surgery) was significant (P < 0.001). We found electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy to be as safe and effective as computed tomography-guided wire placement and to provide a significantly decreased down time between localization and surgical resection.

Utility of cervical spinal and abdominal computed tomography in diagnosing occult pneumothorax in patients with blunt trauma: Computed tomographic imaging protocol matters.

PubMed

Akoglu, Haldun; Akoglu, Ebru Unal; Evman, Serdar; Akoglu, Tayfun; Denizbasi, Arzu; Guneysel, Ozlem; Onur, Ozge; Onur, Ender

2012-10-01

Small pneumothoraces (PXs), which are not initially recognized with a chest x-ray film and diagnosed by a thoracic computed tomography (CT), are described as occult PX (OCPX). The objective of this study was to evaluate cervival spine (C-spine) and abdominal CT (ACT) for diagnosing OCPX and overt PX (OVPX). All patients with blunt trauma who presented consecutively to the emergency department during a 26-months period were included. Among all the chest CTs (CCTs) (6,155 patients) conducted during that period, 254 scans were confirmed to have a true PX. The findings in their C-spine CT and ACT were compared with the findings in CCTs. Among these patients, 254 had a diagnosis of PX confirmed with CCT. OCPXs were identified on the chest computed tomographic scan of 128 patients (70.3%), whereas OVPXs were evident in 54 patients (29.7%). Computed tomographic imaging of the C-spine was performed in 74% of patients with OCPX and 66.7% of patients with OVPX trauma. Only 45 (35.2%) cases of OCPX and 42 (77.8%) cases of OVPX were detected by C-spine CT. ACT was performed in almost all patients, and 121 (95.3%) of 127 of these correctly identified an existing OCPX. Sensitivity of C-spine CT and ACT was 35.1% and 96.5%, respectively; specificity was 100% and 100%, respectively. Almost all OCPXs, regardless of intrathoracic location, could be detected by ACT or by combining C-spine and abdominal computed tomographic screening for patients. If the junction of the first and second vertebra is used as the caudad extent, C-spine CT does not have sufficient power to diagnose more than a third of the cases. Diagnostic study, level III.

Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction-V Versus Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction: Impact on Dose Reduction and Image Quality in Body Computed Tomography.

PubMed

Gatti, Marco; Marchisio, Filippo; Fronda, Marco; Rampado, Osvaldo; Faletti, Riccardo; Bergamasco, Laura; Ropolo, Roberto; Fonio, Paolo

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on dose reduction and image quality of the new iterative reconstruction technique: adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR-V). Fifty consecutive oncologic patients acted as case controls undergoing during their follow-up a computed tomography scan both with ASIR and ASIR-V. Each study was analyzed in a double-blinded fashion by 2 radiologists. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses of image quality were conducted. Computed tomography scanner radiation output was 38% (29%-45%) lower (P < 0.0001) for the ASIR-V examinations than for the ASIR ones. The quantitative image noise was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) for ASIR-V. Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V had a higher performance for the subjective image noise (P = 0.01 for 5 mm and P = 0.009 for 1.25 mm), the other parameters (image sharpness, diagnostic acceptability, and overall image quality) being similar (P > 0.05). Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V is a new iterative reconstruction technique that has the potential to provide image quality equal to or greater than ASIR, with a dose reduction around 40%.

High Resolution Chest Computerized Tomography in the Diagnosis of Ocular Sarcoidosis in a High TB Endemic Population.

PubMed

Babu, Kalpana; Shukla, Sai Bhakti; Philips, Mariamma

2017-04-01

To review the role of high resolution chest computed tomography (HRCT) in ocular sarcoidosis in a high TB endemic population. This was a retrospective study. Out of 140 cases, 54 had ocular sarcoidosis, while 86 cases had ocular tuberculosis. Abnormal HRCT findings was noted in 52 cases (96.3%) of ocular sarcoidosis compared with 55 cases (64.7%) of ocular tuberculosis (p = 0.001). Mediastinal lymphadenopathy was the most common finding in both groups (p = 0.544). Hilar lymphadenopathy and fissural nodules were significantly seen in ocular sarcoidosis (p = 0.001). Necrosis was seen in three cases of ocular sarcoidosis. In nearly half of the cases, it was not possible to differentiate between sarcoidosis and tuberculosis on HRCT. HRCT is a useful diagnostic tool in ocular sarcoidosis. Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and fissural nodules are significant findings in ocular sarcoidosis. A confident diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis is made by the amalgamation of results of clinical, radiologic, and other laboratory investigations.

Focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) in blunt paediatric abdominal trauma.

PubMed

Faruque, Ahmad Vaqas; Qazi, Saqib Hamid; Khan, Muhammad Arif Mateen; Akhtar, Wassem; Majeed, Amina

2013-03-01

To evaluate the role of focussed abdominal sonography for trauma in blunt paediatric abdominal trauma patients, and to see if the role of computed tomography scan could be limited to only those cases in which sonography was positive. The retrospective study covered 10 years, from January 1,2000 to December 31,2009, and was conducted at the Department of Radiology and Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. It comprised cases of 174 children from birth to 14 years who had presented with blunt abdominal trauma and had focussed abdominal sonography for trauma done at the hospital. The findings were correlated with computed tomography scan of the abdomen and clinical follow-up. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of focussed abdominal sonography for trauma were calculated for blunt abdominal trauma. SPSS 17 was used for statistical analysis. Of the total 174 cases, 31 (17.81%) were later confirmed by abdominal scan. Of these 31 children, sonography had been positive in 29 (93.54%) children. In 21 (67.74%) of the 31 children, sonograpy had been true positive; 8 (25%) (8/31) were false positive; and 2 (6%) (2/31) were false negative. There were 6 (19.3%) children in which sonography was positive and converted to laparotomy. There was no significant difference on account of gender (p>0.356). Focussed abdominal sonography for trauma in the study had sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 95%, positive predictive value of 73%, and negative predictive value of 73% with accuracy of 94%. All patients who had negative sonography were discharged later, and had no complication on clinical follow-up. Focussed abdominal sonography for trauma is a fairly reliable mode to assess blunt abdominal trauma in children. It is a useful tool to pick high-grade solid and hollow viscous injury. The results suggest that the role of computed tomography scan can be limited to those cases in which focussed sonography is positive.

Adult onset Niemann-Pick type C disease: A clinical, neuroimaging and molecular genetic study.

PubMed

Battisti, Carla; Tarugi, Patrizla; Dotti, Maria Teresa; De Stefano, Nicola; Vattimo, Angelo; Chierichetti, Francesea; Calandra, Sebastiano; Federico, Antonio

2003-11-01

We report on a patient with adult-onset Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease, carrying the mutations P1007 and I1061T in the NPC1 gene, presenting with marked psychiatric changes followed by dystonia and cognitive impairment. Filipin staining, single photon emission computed tomography perfusional, positron emission tomography metabolic, conventional magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings suggested a pathophysiological correlation with phenotype expression. This case expands the clinical and genetic spectrum of the rare adult-onset NPC disease phenotype.

Pulsed excitation terahertz tomography - multiparametric approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lopato, Przemyslaw

2018-04-01

This article deals with pulsed excitation terahertz computed tomography (THz CT). Opposite to x-ray CT, where just a single value (pixel) is obtained, in case of pulsed THz CT the time signal is acquired for each position. Recorded waveform can be parametrized - many features carrying various information about examined structure can be calculated. Based on this, multiparametric reconstruction algorithm was proposed: inverse Radon transform based reconstruction is applied for each parameter and then fusion of results is utilized. Performance of the proposed imaging scheme was experimentally verified using dielectric phantoms.

Cervical porcupine quill foreign body involving the spinal cord of a dog: A description of various imaging modality findings.

PubMed

Le Roux, Christelle; Venter, Frans J; Kirberger, Robert M

2017-12-08

Although porcupine quill injuries are common in dogs, the detailed appearance of the quill on diagnostic ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging has not been sufficiently described. A 4-year-old, intact, female Jack Russel terrier presented with severe neck pain and ataxia after an altercation with a porcupine 2 weeks earlier. Radiology, diagnostic ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were all utilised to identify a quill imbedded in the cervical vertebral canal and cervical musculature and were compared to each other. Surgical removal of the quill, guided by imaging findings, led to the resolution of the clinical signs in the patient. Previous ultrasound imaging reports have just stated that the quill consists of paralell hyperechoic lines, and do not mention the finer hyperechoic lines inbetween and do not try to provide a reason for the appearance. Previous computed tomography (CT) reports just mention identifying the quill on CT images (whether or not CT could identify the fragments), but do not go into detail about the attenuating appearance of the quill nor try to relate this to the composition of the quill. This is to the authors' knowledge the first report with detailed imaging descriptions of a case of cranial cervical vertebral canal porcupine quill foreign body in a dog. This is also the first report to allude to a possible difference in imaging findings related to quill structure because of keratin orientation and melanin content. The ideal imaging modality to use remains elusive, but ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging could all identify the quill.

CT of schistosomal calcification of the intestine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fataar, S.; Bassiony, H.; Satyanath, S.

1985-01-01

The spectrum of schistosomal colonic calcification on abdominal radiographs has been described. The appearance on computed tomography (CT) is equally distinctive and occurs with varying degrees of genitourinary calcification. The authors have experience in three cases with the appearance on CT of intestinal calcification due to schistosomiasis.

Extragastrointestinal stromal tumor of the mesoappendix: CT findings and a review of the literature

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are nonepithelial, mesenchymal neoplasms that rarely occur in children. Case presentation We present a unique case of a GIST that developed outside the gastrointestinal tract within the mesoappendix of a 6-year old boy. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a slightly lobulated, homogeneous soft-tissue mass, with marked contrast enhancement. Conclusion This case study provides new insight into the CT appearance of extragastrointestinal stromal tumors. PMID:23039908

Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery evaluated with multidetector computed tomography and its clinical relevance.

PubMed

Hirono, Keiichi; Hata, Yukiko; Miyao, Naruaki; Nakaoka, Hideyuki; Saito, Kazuyoshi; Ibuki, Keijiro; Watanabe, Kazuhiro; Ozawa, Sayaka; Higuma, Tomonori; Yoshimura, Naoki; Nishida, Naoki; Ichida, Fukiko

2016-09-01

Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (AORCA) is a rare congenital anomaly that may cause myocardial ischemia and sudden death. We reviewed the clinicopathological records of three cases of AORCA, and compared these with two cases of sudden cardiac death with AORCA revealed by autopsy. We report three juvenile cases with an AORCA originating above the commissural junction between the left and right aortic sinuses, with interarterial and intramural compression. They presented with exertional symptoms and were diagnosed with an AORCA by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), which successfully delineated the spatial resolution of the anomalous origin and course of the right coronary artery (RCA), in the operating room. All three underwent successful surgical unroofing of the RCA. Two cases of sudden cardiac death with AORCA revealed by autopsy showed a slit-like orifice, acute-angled take-off, and long intramural course of the RCA, resembling the RCAs of three juvenile cases. It is crucial to be alert to the presentation of exertional symptoms, as sudden death may be the first manifestation of an anomalous coronary artery, such as those observed in these three cases. MDCT provided an excellent definition and spatial resolution of the unusual origin and intramural course of the RCA, facilitating the correct surgical remedy and resulting in a good outcome for the patients. Copyright © 2016 Japanese College of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Computer tomography of the neurocranium.

PubMed

Liliequist, B; Forssell, A

1976-07-01

The experience with computer tomography of the neurocranium in 300 patients submitted for computer tomography of the brain is reported. The more appropriate projections which may be obtained with the second generation of scanners in combination with an elaborated reconstruction technique seem to constitute a replacement of conventional skull films.

Digital Workflow for Computer-Guided Implant Surgery in Edentulous Patients: A Case Report.

PubMed

Oh, Ji-Hyeon; An, Xueyin; Jeong, Seung-Mi; Choi, Byung-Ho

2017-12-01

The purpose of this article was to describe a fully digital workflow used to perform computer-guided flapless implant placement in an edentulous patient without the use of conventional impressions, models, or a radiographic guide. Digital data for the workflow were acquired using an intraoral scanner and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The image fusion of the intraoral scan data and CBCT data was performed by matching resin markers placed in the patient's mouth. The definitive digital data were used to design a prosthetically driven implant position, surgical template, and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing fabricated fixed dental prosthesis. The authors believe this is the first published case describing such a technique in computer-guided flapless implant surgery for edentulous patients. Copyright © 2017 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Parapharyngeal neuroglial heterotopia appearing as high uptake on 18F-FDG PET: case report and literature review of radiographical findings.

PubMed

Kameyama, Masayuki; Kawaguchi, Tomohiro; Niizuma, Hidetaka; Ogawa, Takenori; Watanabe, Kenichi; Hayashi, Toshiaki; Sato, Kanako; Kanamori, Masayuki; Watanabe, Mika; Katori, Yukio; Kure, Shigeo; Tominaga, Teiji

2018-04-01

Parapharyngeal neuroglial heterotopia is a rare entity, and the specific radiographical findings are unclear. We present a case of parapharyngeal neuroglial heterotopia examined with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) and 18 F-fluorodesoxyglucose positron emission tomography ( 18 F-FDG PET). Our neonate patient presented with neck mass and polyhydramnios during gestation. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the morphological characteristics, but failed to establish the diagnosis. 1 H-MRS showed a non-malignant pattern, but 18 F-FDG PET demonstrated high glucose metabolism. Complete resection was achieved and the histopathological diagnosis was neuroglial heterotopia. Assessment of biological activity may be useful for both preoperative diagnosis and postoperative evaluation of residual lesions.

Ward nurses' knowledge of computed tomography scanning.

PubMed

Majeed, M A; Nayeemuddin, M; Christie, M

Patients benefit from and are reassured by advance information on procedures that they are to undergo. Ward nurses should have adequate knowledge of radiological investigations to ensure proper patient preparation and good interdepartmental communication to avoid delays and cancellations. This study was conducted to assess the ward nurses' knowledge of the process of computed tomography (CT) scanning. One hundred and twenty qualified nurses were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding CT scanning. The findings revealed a suboptimal level of awareness about the process. This is probably due to lack of formal teaching for nurses on the wards in regards the different radiological procedures and patient preparation. There is a strong case for better educational talks on rapidly changing radiological techniques for ward staff to ensure high-quality patient care.

System Matrix Analysis for Computed Tomography Imaging

PubMed Central

Flores, Liubov; Vidal, Vicent; Verdú, Gumersindo

2015-01-01

In practical applications of computed tomography imaging (CT), it is often the case that the set of projection data is incomplete owing to the physical conditions of the data acquisition process. On the other hand, the high radiation dose imposed on patients is also undesired. These issues demand that high quality CT images can be reconstructed from limited projection data. For this reason, iterative methods of image reconstruction have become a topic of increased research interest. Several algorithms have been proposed for few-view CT. We consider that the accurate solution of the reconstruction problem also depends on the system matrix that simulates the scanning process. In this work, we analyze the application of the Siddon method to generate elements of the matrix and we present results based on real projection data. PMID:26575482

Computed tomography or necropsy diagnosis of multiple bullae and the treatment of pneumothorax in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

PubMed

Kim, Jong-Min; Han, Sungyoung; Shin, Jun-Seop; Min, Byoung-Hoon; Jeong, Won Young; Lee, Ga Eul; Kim, Min Sun; Kim, Ju Eun; Chung, Hyunwoo; Park, Chung-Gyu

2017-10-01

Pulmonary bullae and pneumothorax have various etiologies in veterinary medicine. We diagnosed multiple pulmonary bullae combined with or without pneumothorax by computed tomography (CT) or necropsy in seven rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) imported from China. Two of seven rhesus macaques accompanied by pneumothorax were cured by fixation of ruptured lung through left or right 3rd intercostal thoracotomy. Pneumonyssus simicola, one of the etiologies of pulmonary bullae, was not detected from tracheobronchiolar lavage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report on the CT-aided diagnosis of pulmonary bullae and the successful treatment of combined pneumothorax by thoracotomy in non-human primates (NHPs). © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

[Usefulness of computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstructions in visualization of cervical spine malformation of a child with Sprengel's deformity].

PubMed

Wawrzynek, Wojciech; Siemianowicz, Anna; Koczy, Bogdan; Kasprowska, Sabina; Besler, Krzysztof

2005-01-01

The Sprengel's deformity is a congenital anomaly of the shoulder girdle with an elevation of the scapula and limitation of movement of the shoulder. Sprengel's deformity is frequently associated with cervical spine malformations such as: spinal synostosis, spina bifida and an abnormal omovertebral fibrous, cartilaginous or osseus connection. The diagnosis of Sprengel's deformity is based on a clinical examination and radiological procedures. In every case of Sprengel's deformity plain radiography and computed tomography should be performed. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions allow to visualize precise topography and spatial proportions of examined bone structures. 3D reconstruction also enables an optional rotation of visualized bone structures in order to clarify the anatomical abnormalities and to plan surgical treatment.

The effect on cadaver blood DNA identification by the use of targeted and whole body post-mortem computed tomography angiography.

PubMed

Rutty, Guy N; Barber, Jade; Amoroso, Jasmin; Morgan, Bruno; Graham, Eleanor A M

2013-12-01

Post-mortem computed tomography angiography (PMCTA) involves the injection of contrast agents. This could have both a dilution effect on biological fluid samples and could affect subsequent post-contrast analytical laboratory processes. We undertook a small sample study of 10 targeted and 10 whole body PMCTA cases to consider whether or not these two methods of PMCTA could affect post-PMCTA cadaver blood based DNA identification. We used standard methodology to examine DNA from blood samples obtained before and after the PMCTA procedure. We illustrate that neither of these PMCTA methods had an effect on the alleles called following short tandem repeat based DNA profiling, and therefore the ability to undertake post-PMCTA blood based DNA identification.

Navigation in head and neck oncological surgery: an emerging concept.

PubMed

Gangloff, P; Mastronicola, R; Cortese, S; Phulpin, B; Sergeant, C; Guillemin, F; Eluecque, H; Perrot, C; Dolivet, G

2011-01-01

Navigation surgery, initially applied in rhinology, neurosurgery and orthopaedic cases, has been developed over the last twenty years. Surgery based on computed tomography data has become increasingly important in the head and neck region. The technique for hardware fusion between RMI and computed tomography is also becoming more useful. We use such device since 2006 in head and neck carcinologic situation. Navigation allows control of the resection in order to avoid and protect the precise anatomical structures (vessels and nerves). It also guides biopsy and radiofrequency. Therefore, quality of life is much more increased and morbidity is decreased for these patients who undergo major and mutilating head and neck surgery. Here we report the results of 33 navigation procedures performed for 31 patients in our institution.

Rectus Sheath Hematoma Associated with Apixaban.

PubMed

Gunasekaran, Kulothungan; Winans, Amanda R McFee; Murthi, Swetha; Ahmad, Mudassar Raees; Kaatz, Scott

2017-06-07

Apixaban is an oral anticoagulant that directly inhibits Factor Xa and is indicated for the prophylaxis and treatment of deep venous thrombosis and stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Rectus sheath hematoma is a rare, life-threatening complication of anticoagulant treatment. We describe a case of an elderly patient on apixaban for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis who developed severe abdominal pain during hospitalization. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed left rectus sheath hematoma. Apixaban was discontinued and the patient was monitored for extension of the hematoma. After 2 days she was discharged home. Outpatient computed tomography 1 month later showed complete resolution of the rectus sheath hematoma. We recommend that clinicians become aware of the potential for rare and serious bleeding complications of anticoagulants and identify the need for early recognition and prompt management.

Study of Image Qualities From 6D Robot-Based CBCT Imaging System of Small Animal Irradiator.

PubMed

Sharma, Sunil; Narayanasamy, Ganesh; Clarkson, Richard; Chao, Ming; Moros, Eduardo G; Zhang, Xin; Yan, Yulong; Boerma, Marjan; Paudel, Nava; Morrill, Steven; Corry, Peter; Griffin, Robert J

2017-01-01

To assess the quality of cone beam computed tomography images obtained by a robotic arm-based and image-guided small animal conformal radiation therapy device. The small animal conformal radiation therapy device is equipped with a 40 to 225 kV X-ray tube mounted on a custom made gantry, a 1024 × 1024 pixels flat panel detector (200 μm resolution), a programmable 6 degrees of freedom robot for cone beam computed tomography imaging and conformal delivery of radiation doses. A series of 2-dimensional radiographic projection images were recorded in cone beam mode by placing and rotating microcomputed tomography phantoms on the "palm' of the robotic arm. Reconstructed images were studied for image quality (spatial resolution, image uniformity, computed tomography number linearity, voxel noise, and artifacts). Geometric accuracy was measured to be 2% corresponding to 0.7 mm accuracy on a Shelley microcomputed tomography QA phantom. Qualitative resolution of reconstructed axial computed tomography slices using the resolution coils was within 200 μm. Quantitative spatial resolution was found to be 3.16 lp/mm. Uniformity of the system was measured within 34 Hounsfield unit on a QRM microcomputed tomography water phantom. Computed tomography numbers measured using the linearity plate were linear with material density ( R 2 > 0.995). Cone beam computed tomography images of the QRM multidisk phantom had minimal artifacts. Results showed that the small animal conformal radiation therapy device is capable of producing high-quality cone beam computed tomography images for precise and conformal small animal dose delivery. With its high-caliber imaging capabilities, the small animal conformal radiation therapy device is a powerful tool for small animal research.

Computed tomography in cases of coccidioidal meningitis, with clinical correlation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shetter, A.G.; Fischer, D.W.; Flom, R.A.

1985-06-01

Cranial computed tomographic (CT) scans of 22 patients with coccidioidal meningitis were reviewed and their clinical course was analyzed. Abnormalities of the ventricular system or the basilar cisterns or both were present in 16 instances. Although it is not a definitive diagnostic tool, the CT scan is helpful in suggesting a diagnosis of coccidioidal meningitis and in predicting the prognosis of patients affected by the disease. 19 references, 4 figures, 2 tables.

Morphometric analysis - Cone beam computed tomography to predict bone quality and quantity.

PubMed

Hohlweg-Majert, B; Metzger, M C; Kummer, T; Schulze, D

2011-07-01

Modified quantitative computed tomography is a method used to predict bone quality and quantify the bone mass of the jaw. The aim of this study was to determine whether bone quantity or quality was detected by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) combined with image analysis. MATERIALS AND PROCEDURES: Different measurements recorded on two phantoms (Siemens phantom, Comac phantom) were evaluated on images taken with the Somatom VolumeZoom (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) and the NewTom 9000 (NIM s.r.l., Verona, Italy) in order to calculate a calibration curve. The spatial relationships of six sample cylinders and the repositioning from four pig skull halves relative to adjacent defined anatomical structures were assessed by means of three-dimensional visualization software. The calibration curves for computer tomography (CT) and cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) using the Siemens phantom showed linear correlation in both modalities between the Hounsfield Units (HU) and bone morphology. A correction factor for CBCT was calculated. Exact information about the micromorphology of the bone cylinders was only available using of micro computer tomography. Cone-beam computer tomography is a suitable choice for analysing bone mass, but, it does not give any information about bone quality. 2010 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Italian Chapter of the International Society of Cardiovascular Ultrasound expert consensus document on coronary computed tomography angiography: overview and new insights.

PubMed

Sozzi, Fabiola B; Maiello, Maria; Pelliccia, Francesco; Parato, Vito Maurizio; Canetta, Ciro; Savino, Ketty; Lombardi, Federico; Palmiero, Pasquale

2016-09-01

Coronary computed tomography angiography is a noninvasive heart imaging test currently undergoing rapid development and advancement. The high resolution of the three-dimensional pictures of the moving heart and great vessels is performed during a coronary computed tomography to identify coronary artery disease and classify patient risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The technique provides useful information about the coronary tree and atherosclerotic plaques beyond simple luminal narrowing and plaque type defined by calcium content. This application will improve image-guided prevention, medical therapy, and coronary interventions. The ability to interpret coronary computed tomography images is of utmost importance as we develop personalized medical care to enable therapeutic interventions stratified on the bases of plaque characteristics. This overview provides available data and expert's recommendations in the utilization of coronary computed tomography findings. We focus on the use of coronary computed tomography to detect coronary artery disease and stratify patients at risk, illustrating the implications of this test on patient management. We describe its diagnostic power in identifying patients at higher risk to develop acute coronary syndrome and its prognostic significance. Finally, we highlight the features of the vulnerable plaques imaged by coronary computed tomography angiography. © 2016, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of canine intranasal neoplasia

PubMed Central

Drees, R.; Forrest, L. J.; Chappell, R.

2009-01-01

Objectives Canine intranasal neoplasia is commonly evaluated using computed tomography to indicate the diagnosis, to determine disease extent, to guide histological sampling location and to plan treatment. With the expanding use of magnetic resonance imaging in veterinary medicine, this modality has been recently applied for the same purpose. The aim of this study was to compare the features of canine intranasal neoplasia using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Twenty-one dogs with confirmed intranasal neoplasia underwent both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The images were reviewed retrospectively for the bony and soft tissue features of intranasal neoplasia. Results Overall computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging performed very similarly. However, lysis of bones bordering the nasal cavity and mucosal thickening was found on computed tomography images more often than on magnetic resonance images. Small amounts of fluid in the nasal cavity were more often seen on magnetic resonance images. However, fluid in the frontal sinuses was seen equally well with both modalities. Clinical Significance We conclude that computed tomography is satisfactory for evaluation of canine intranasal neoplasia, and no clinically relevant benefit is gained using magnetic resonance imaging for intranasal neoplasia without extent into the cranial cavity. PMID:19508490

Cardiac tamponade – presentation of type A aortic dissection

PubMed Central

Fadahunsi, Opeyemi; Romeo, Michael

2014-01-01

Acute aortic dissection usually presents with severe chest and/or back pain but may have a varied presentation ranging from syncope, stroke, and heart failure to shock or tamponade. We present classic chest computed tomography images of a case of type A aortic dissection presenting with cardiac tamponade. PMID:25432649

Sherlock Holmes in the ER (the case of red and the head).

PubMed

Bendo, Edlira; Gilbert, Molly; Chavis, Pamela; Mistr, Susannah

2009-01-01

A 58-year-old woman presented with a problem with her peripheral vision. Computed tomography scan showed an occipital hemorrhagic stroke. She subsequently suffered gastrointestinal bleeding and at surgery biopsy of a portion of the middle colic artery aneurysm revealed changes consistent with polyarteritis nodosa.

Measurement of Three-dimensional Density Distributions by Holographic Interferometry and Computer Tomography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vest, C. M.

1982-01-01

The use of holographic interferometry to measure two and threedimensional flows and the interpretation of multiple-view interferograms with computer tomography are discussed. Computational techniques developed for tomography are reviewed. Current research topics are outlined including the development of an automated fringe readout system, optimum reconstruction procedures for when an opaque test model is present in the field, and interferometry and tomography with strongly refracting fields and shocks.

Bone chip-induced rhinosinusitis.

PubMed

Reilly, Brian K; Conley, David B

2009-12-01

This case report describes both the pathophysiology and management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Specifically, we report a case of chronic maxillary rhinosinusitis with a free-floating maxillary sinus calcification (bone chip). After obtaining the computed tomography scan, the patient underwent endoscopic sinus surgery, with removal of the uncinate, enlargement of the diseased natural ostium of the maxillary sinus, and removal of the diseased bone chip. This eliminated the nidus for infection, ultimately restoring mucociliary flow.

A rare case of pure primary hemangioma of the scapula: A case report

PubMed Central

LI, WEI; ZOU, FAN; DAI, MIN; ZHANG, BIN; NIE, TAO

2015-01-01

Hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor, which may occur in any bone of the body. The most common locations are the spine and craniofacial bone; however, occurrence is extremely rare in the scapula. The current study presented the case of a 58-year-old female, with scapula hemangioma in the left shoulder who presented with joint ache that had lasted for ~1 year. The main clinical manifestations included local tenderness, an osseous lump and limited shoulder movement with a little pain, which was alleviated by rest. Roentgenogram, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the left acromion revealed a mass along the inner surface of the scapula of the left shoulder with polycystic expansion and bone destruction. The results of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging indicated a pure primary tumor and the lesion was subsequently resected. Notably, the postoperative pathological diagnosis was capillary hemangioma. The aim of the present study was to analyze the clinical and imaging features of scapula hemangioma, which must be considered for the differential diagnosis of scapula tumors. In the present case, no recurrence was identified by X-ray examination 1 year after surgery. The long-term efficacy of surgical treatment requires continuous observation of the patient. PMID:26622831

Preliminary evaluation of the dosimetric accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography for cases with respiratory motion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Dong Wook; Bae, Sunhyun; Chung, Weon Kuu; Lee, Yoonhee

2014-04-01

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images are currently used for patient positioning and adaptive dose calculation; however, the degree of CBCT uncertainty in cases of respiratory motion remains an interesting issue. This study evaluated the uncertainty of CBCT-based dose calculations for a moving target. Using a phantom, we estimated differences in the geometries and the Hounsfield units (HU) between CT and CBCT. The calculated dose distributions based on CT and CBCT images were also compared using a radiation treatment planning system, and the comparison included cases with respiratory motion. The geometrical uncertainties of the CT and the CBCT images were less than 0.15 cm. The HU differences between CT and CBCT images for standard-dose-head, high-quality-head, normal-pelvis, and low-dose-thorax modes were 31, 36, 23, and 33 HU, respectively. The gamma (3%, 0.3 cm)-dose distribution between CT and CBCT was greater than 1 in 99% of the area. The gamma-dose distribution between CT and CBCT during respiratory motion was also greater than 1 in 99% of the area. The uncertainty of the CBCT-based dose calculation was evaluated for cases with respiratory motion. In conclusion, image distortion due to motion did not significantly influence dosimetric parameters.

Value of Flat-detector Computed Tomography Angiography with Intravenous Contrast Media Injection in the Evaluation and Treatment of Acutely Ruptured Aneurysms of the AcomA complex: A Single Center Experience in 15 Cases.

PubMed

Rösch, Julie; Lang, Stefan; Gölitz, Philipp; Kallmünzer, Bernd; Rössler, Karl; Doerfler, Arnd; Struffert, Tobias

2017-05-05

To illustrate the added value of flat-detector computed tomography angiography with intravenous contrast media injection (intravenous FDCTA) in the evaluation of complex A1/A2/AcomA aneurysms. We retrospectively reviewed 15 patients with ruptured aneurysms. In each patient, an intravenous FDCTA was performed and its diagnostic value investigated. In all patients, FDCTA contributed relevant additional information concerning the anatomy of the A1/A2/AcomA complex and the relationship of the aneurysm neck to these vascular structures, which could not be gained by 2D- and 3D-DSA, and changed the management in 33% of the patients (5 out of 15). In an additional 5 cases, knowledge of the detailed anatomy was helpful to plan the exact stent position. In case of complex A1/A2/AcomA aneurysms, intravenous FDCTA is an effective option to visualize the exact location of the aneurysm neck and the relationship between the aneurysm and the adjacent vessels. Thus, it is of significant added value in the precise planning of a therapeutic strategy.

Vertebral Artery Dissection Causing Stroke After Trampoline Use.

PubMed

Casserly, Courtney S; Lim, Rodrick K; Prasad, Asuri Narayan

2015-11-01

The aim of this study was to report a case of a 4-year-old boy who had been playing on the trampoline and presented to the emergency department (ED) with vomiting and ataxia, and had a vertebral artery dissection with subsequent posterior circulation infarcts. This study is a chart review. The patient presented to the emergency department with a 4-day history of vomiting and gait unsteadiness. A computed tomography scan of his head revealed multiple left cerebellar infarcts. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance angiogram of his head and neck demonstrated multiple infarcts involving the left cerebellum, bilateral thalami, and left occipital lobe. A computed tomography angiogram confirmed the presence of a left vertebral artery dissection. Vertebral artery dissection is a relatively common cause of stroke in the pediatric age group. Trampoline use has been associated with significant risk of injury to the head and neck. Patients who are small and/or young are most at risk. In this case, minor trauma secondary to trampoline use could be a possible mechanism for vertebral artery dissection and subsequent strokes. The association in this case warrants careful consideration because trampoline use could pose a significant risk to pediatric users.

Improving early diagnosis of pulmonary infections in patients with febrile neutropenia using low-dose chest computed tomography.

PubMed

Gerritsen, M G; Willemink, M J; Pompe, E; van der Bruggen, T; van Rhenen, A; Lammers, J W J; Wessels, F; Sprengers, R W; de Jong, P A; Minnema, M C

2017-01-01

We performed a prospective study in patients with chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia to investigate the diagnostic value of low-dose computed tomography compared to standard chest radiography. The aim was to compare both modalities for detection of pulmonary infections and to explore performance of low-dose computed tomography for early detection of invasive fungal disease. The low-dose computed tomography remained blinded during the study. A consensus diagnosis of the fever episode made by an expert panel was used as reference standard. We included 67 consecutive patients on the first day of febrile neutropenia. According to the consensus diagnosis 11 patients (16.4%) had pulmonary infections. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 36%, 93%, 50% and 88% for radiography, and 73%, 91%, 62% and 94% for low-dose computed tomography, respectively. An uncorrected McNemar showed no statistical difference (p = 0.197). Mean radiation dose for low-dose computed tomography was 0.24 mSv. Four out of 5 included patients diagnosed with invasive fungal disease had radiographic abnormalities suspect for invasive fungal disease on the low-dose computed tomography scan made on day 1 of fever, compared to none of the chest radiographs. We conclude that chest radiography has little value in the initial assessment of febrile neutropenia on day 1 for detection of pulmonary abnormalities. Low-dose computed tomography improves detection of pulmonary infiltrates and seems capable of detecting invasive fungal disease at a very early stage with a low radiation dose.

Improving early diagnosis of pulmonary infections in patients with febrile neutropenia using low-dose chest computed tomography

PubMed Central

Pompe, E.; van der Bruggen, T.; van Rhenen, A.; Lammers, J. W. J.; Wessels, F.; Sprengers, R. W.; de Jong, P. A.; Minnema, M. C.

2017-01-01

We performed a prospective study in patients with chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia to investigate the diagnostic value of low-dose computed tomography compared to standard chest radiography. The aim was to compare both modalities for detection of pulmonary infections and to explore performance of low-dose computed tomography for early detection of invasive fungal disease. The low-dose computed tomography remained blinded during the study. A consensus diagnosis of the fever episode made by an expert panel was used as reference standard. We included 67 consecutive patients on the first day of febrile neutropenia. According to the consensus diagnosis 11 patients (16.4%) had pulmonary infections. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 36%, 93%, 50% and 88% for radiography, and 73%, 91%, 62% and 94% for low-dose computed tomography, respectively. An uncorrected McNemar showed no statistical difference (p = 0.197). Mean radiation dose for low-dose computed tomography was 0.24 mSv. Four out of 5 included patients diagnosed with invasive fungal disease had radiographic abnormalities suspect for invasive fungal disease on the low-dose computed tomography scan made on day 1 of fever, compared to none of the chest radiographs. We conclude that chest radiography has little value in the initial assessment of febrile neutropenia on day 1 for detection of pulmonary abnormalities. Low-dose computed tomography improves detection of pulmonary infiltrates and seems capable of detecting invasive fungal disease at a very early stage with a low radiation dose. PMID:28235014

Use of positron emission tomography (PET) for the diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis.

PubMed

Loricera, J; Blanco, R; Hernández, J L; Martínez-Rodríguez, I; Carril, J M; Lavado, C; Jiménez, M; González-Vela, C; González-Gay, M Á

2015-01-01

The term vasculitis encompasses a heterogeneous group of diseases that share the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in the vascular wall. The diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis is often a challenge because the presenting clinical features are nonspecific in many cases and they are often shared by different types of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases including other systemic vasculitides. Moreover, the pathogenesis of large-vessel vasculitis is not fully understood. Nevertheless, the advent of new imaging techniques has constituted a major breakthrough to establish an early diagnosis and a promising tool to monitor the follow-up of patients with largevessel vasculitis. This is the case of the molecular imaging with the combination of positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) using different radiotracers, especially the (18)F-fluordeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG). In this review we have focused on the contribution of (18)F-FDG PET in the diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and SEMNIM. All rights reserved.

Nasal computed tomography.

PubMed

Kuehn, Ned F

2006-05-01

Chronic nasal disease is often a challenge to diagnose. Computed tomography greatly enhances the ability to diagnose chronic nasal disease in dogs and cats. Nasal computed tomography provides detailed information regarding the extent of disease, accurate discrimination of neoplastic versus nonneoplastic diseases, and identification of areas of the nose to examine rhinoscopically and suspicious regions to target for biopsy.

Multislice Computed Tomography Accurately Detects Stenosis in Coronary Artery Bypass Conduits

PubMed Central

Duran, Cihan; Sagbas, Ertan; Caynak, Baris; Sanisoglu, Ilhan; Akpinar, Belhhan; Gulbaran, Murat

2007-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of multislice computed tomography in detecting graft stenosis or occlusion after coronary artery bypass grafting, using coronary angiography as the standard. From January 2005 through May 2006, 25 patients (19 men and 6 women; mean age, 54 ± 11.3 years) underwent diagnostic investigation of their bypass grafts by multislice computed tomography within 1 month of coronary angiography. The mean time elapsed after coronary artery bypass grafting was 6.2 years. In these 25 patients, we examined 65 bypass conduits (24 arterial and 41 venous) and 171 graft segments (the shaft, proximal anastomosis, and distal anastomosis). Compared with coronary angiography, the segment-based sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of multislice computed tomography in the evaluation of stenosis were 89%, 100%, 100%, and 99%, respectively. The patency rate for multislice compu-ted tomography was 85% (55/65: 3 arterial and 7 venous grafts were occluded), with 100% sensitivity and specificity. From these data, we conclude that multislice computed tomography can accurately evaluate the patency and stenosis of bypass grafts during outpatient follow-up. PMID:17948078

Desmoid tumors of the abdominal wall: A case report

PubMed Central

Overhaus, Marcus; Decker, Pan; Fischer, Hans Peter; Textor, Hans Jochen; Hirner, Andreas

2003-01-01

Background Desmoid tumors are slow growing deep fibromatoses with aggressive infiltration of adjacent tissue but without any metastatic potential. Case Presentation We report on two female patients with desmoid tumor of the abdominal wall who underwent primary resection. Both patients had a history of an earlier abdominal surgery. Preoperative evaluation included abdominal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. The histology in both cases revealed a desmoid tumor. Conclusion Complete surgical resection is the first line management of this tumor entity. PMID:12890284

Interlaced X-ray diffraction computed tomography

PubMed Central

Vamvakeros, Antonios; Jacques, Simon D. M.; Di Michiel, Marco; Senecal, Pierre; Middelkoop, Vesna; Cernik, Robert J.; Beale, Andrew M.

2016-01-01

An X-ray diffraction computed tomography data-collection strategy that allows, post experiment, a choice between temporal and spatial resolution is reported. This strategy enables time-resolved studies on comparatively short timescales, or alternatively allows for improved spatial resolution if the system under study, or components within it, appear to be unchanging. The application of the method for studying an Mn–Na–W/SiO2 fixed-bed reactor in situ is demonstrated. Additionally, the opportunities to improve the data-collection strategy further, enabling post-collection tuning between statistical, temporal and spatial resolutions, are discussed. In principle, the interlaced scanning approach can also be applied to other pencil-beam tomographic techniques, like X-ray fluorescence computed tomography, X-ray absorption fine structure computed tomography, pair distribution function computed tomography and tomographic scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. PMID:27047305

Coupling of EIT with computational lung modeling for predicting patient-specific ventilatory responses.

PubMed

Roth, Christian J; Becher, Tobias; Frerichs, Inéz; Weiler, Norbert; Wall, Wolfgang A

2017-04-01

Providing optimal personalized mechanical ventilation for patients with acute or chronic respiratory failure is still a challenge within a clinical setting for each case anew. In this article, we integrate electrical impedance tomography (EIT) monitoring into a powerful patient-specific computational lung model to create an approach for personalizing protective ventilatory treatment. The underlying computational lung model is based on a single computed tomography scan and able to predict global airflow quantities, as well as local tissue aeration and strains for any ventilation maneuver. For validation, a novel "virtual EIT" module is added to our computational lung model, allowing to simulate EIT images based on the patient's thorax geometry and the results of our numerically predicted tissue aeration. Clinically measured EIT images are not used to calibrate the computational model. Thus they provide an independent method to validate the computational predictions at high temporal resolution. The performance of this coupling approach has been tested in an example patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The method shows good agreement between computationally predicted and clinically measured airflow data and EIT images. These results imply that the proposed framework can be used for numerical prediction of patient-specific responses to certain therapeutic measures before applying them to an actual patient. In the long run, definition of patient-specific optimal ventilation protocols might be assisted by computational modeling. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this work, we present a patient-specific computational lung model that is able to predict global and local ventilatory quantities for a given patient and any selected ventilation protocol. For the first time, such a predictive lung model is equipped with a virtual electrical impedance tomography module allowing real-time validation of the computed results with the patient measurements. First promising results obtained in an acute respiratory distress syndrome patient show the potential of this approach for personalized computationally guided optimization of mechanical ventilation in future. Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.

Severe brain atrophy after long-term survival seen in siblings with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and a mutation in the optineurin gene: a case series.

PubMed

Ueno, Hiroki; Kobatake, Keitaro; Matsumoto, Masayasu; Morino, Hiroyuki; Maruyama, Hirofumi; Kawakami, Hideshi

2011-12-12

Previous studies have shown widespread multisystem degeneration in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who develop a total locked-in state and survive under mechanical ventilation for a prolonged period of time. However, the disease progressions reported in these studies were several years after disease onset. There have been no reports of long-term follow-up with brain imaging of patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis at an advanced stage of the disease. We report the cases of siblings with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with homozygous deletions of the exon 5 mutation of the gene encoding optineurin, in whom brain computed tomography scans were followed up for more than 20 years. The patients were a Japanese brother and sister. The elder sister was 33 years of age at the onset of disease, which began with muscle weakness of her left lower limb. Two years later she required mechanical ventilation. She became bedridden at the age of 34, and died at the age of 57. A computed tomography scan of her brain at the age of 36 revealed no abnormality. Atrophy of her brain gradually progressed. Ten years after the onset of mechanical ventilation, atrophy of her whole brain, including the cerebral cortex, brain stem and cerebellum, markedly progressed. Her younger brother was 36 years of age at the onset of disease, which presented as muscle weakness of his left upper limb. One year later, he showed dysphagia and dysarthria, and tracheostomy ventilation was performed. He became bedridden at the age of 37 and died at the age of 55. There were no abnormal intracranial findings on brain computed tomography scans obtained at the age of 37 years. At the age of 48 years, computed tomography scans showed marked brain atrophy with ventricular dilatation. Subsequently, atrophy of the whole brain rapidly progressed as in his elder sister. We conclude that a homozygous deletion-type mutation in the optineurin gene may be associated with widespread multisystem degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Meta-Analysis of Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-06-06

Coronary Disease; Echocardiography; Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial; Hemodynamics; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; Perfusion; Predictive Value of Tests; Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography; Positron Emission Tomography; Multidetector Computed Tomography; Echocardiography, Stress; Coronary Angiography

Positron Computed Tomography: Current State, Clinical Results and Future Trends

DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

Schelbert, H. R.; Phelps, M. E.; Kuhl, D. E.

1980-09-01

An overview is presented of positron computed tomography: its advantages over single photon emission tomography, its use in metabolic studies of the heart and chemical investigation of the brain, and future trends. (ACR)

Management of complicated diverticulitis of the colon.

PubMed

Tochigi, Toru; Kosugi, Chihiro; Shuto, Kiyohiko; Mori, Mikito; Hirano, Atsushi; Koda, Keiji

2018-01-01

Diverticular disease of the colon occurs quite frequently in developed countries, and its prevalence has recently increased in Japan. The appearance of diverticulosis increases with age, although mostly remaining asymptomatic. Approximately 20% of cases require treatment. As the Western lifestyle and number of elderly people increase, the need for medical treatment also increases. Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for diagnosing diverticulitis. Complicated diverticulitis is classified by the size and range of abscess formation and the severity of the peritonitis. Each case should be classified based on clinical and computed tomography (CT) findings and then treated appropriately. Most patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis (stages 0-Ia) can be treated conservatively. Diverticulitis with a localized abscess (stages Ib-II) is generally resolved with conservative treatment. If the abscess is larger or conservative treatment fails, however, percutaneous drainage or surgery should be considered. Operative treatment is considered standard therapy for severe diverticulitis with perforation and generalized peritonitis (stages III-IV). Colonic diverticulitis treated conservatively frequently recurs. Elective surgery after recovery should be considered carefully and decisions made on a case-by-case basis. Because cases of colonic diverticulitis will undoubtedly increase in Japan, it is likely that we will be confronted with increasing numbers of treatment decisions. We therefore need to have a systematic strategy for treating the various stages of colonic diverticulitis appropriately. We herein review the management of complicated diverticulitis.

Diagnostic Yield of Computed Tomography-Guided Coaxial Core Biopsy of Undetermined Masses in the Free Retroperitoneal Space: Single-Center Experience

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stattaus, Joerg, E-mail: joerg.stattaus@uni-due.de; Kalkmann, Janine, E-mail: janine.kalkmann@uk-essen.de; Kuehl, Hilmar, E-mail: hilmar.kuehl@uni-due.d

2008-09-15

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of core biopsy in coaxial technique under guidance of computed tomography (CT) for retroperitoneal masses. We performed a retrospective analysis of CT-guided coaxial core biopsies of undetermined masses in the non-organ-bound retroperitoneal space in 49 patients. In 37 cases a 15-G guidance needle with a 16-G semiautomated core biopsy system, and in 12 cases a 16-G guidance needle with an 18-G biopsy system, was used. All biopsies were technically successful. A small hematoma was seen in one case, but no relevant complication occurred. With the coaxial technique, up tomore » 4 specimens were obtained from each lesion (mean, 2.8). Diagnostic accuracy in differentiation between malignant and benign diseases was 95.9%. A specific histological diagnosis could be established in 39 of 42 malignant lesions (92.9%). Correct subtyping of malignant lymphoma according to the WHO classification was possible in 87.0%. Benign lesions were correctly identified in seven cases, although a specific diagnosis could only be made in conjunction with clinical and radiological information. In conclusion, CT-guided coaxial core biopsy provides safe and accurate diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses. A specific histological diagnosis, which is essential for choosing the appropriate therapy, could be established in most cases of malignancy.« less

Metastatic pulmonary calcification: high-resolution computed tomography findings in 23 cases.

PubMed

Belém, Luciana Camara; Souza, Carolina A; Souza, Arthur Soares; Escuissato, Dante Luiz; Hochhegger, Bruno; Nobre, Luiz Felipe; Rodrigues, Rosana Souza; Gomes, Antônio Carlos Portugal; Silva, Claudio S; Guimarães, Marcos Duarte; Zanetti, Gláucia; Marchiori, Edson

2017-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in patients diagnosed with metastatic pulmonary calcification (MPC). We retrospectively reviewed the HRCT findings from 23 cases of MPC [14 men, 9 women; mean age, 54.3 (range, 26-89) years]. The patients were examined between 2000 and 2014 in nine tertiary hospitals in Brazil, Chile, and Canada. Diagnoses were established by histopathologic study in 18 patients and clinical-radiological correlation in 5 patients. Two chest radiologists analyzed the images and reached decisions by consensus. The predominant HRCT findings were centrilobular ground-glass nodules ( n = 14; 60.9%), consolidation with high attenuation ( n = 10; 43.5%), small dense nodules ( n = 9; 39.1%), peripheral reticular opacities associated with small calcified nodules ( n = 5; 21.7%), and ground-glass opacities without centrilobular ground-glass nodular opacity ( n = 5; 21.7%). Vascular calcification within the chest wall was found in four cases and pleural effusion was observed in five cases. The abnormalities were bilateral in 21 cases. MPC manifested with three main patterns on HRCT, most commonly centrilobular ground-glass nodules, often containing calcifications, followed by dense consolidation and small solid nodules, most of which were calcified. We also described another pattern of peripheral reticular opacities associated with small calcified nodules. These findings should suggest the diagnosis of MPC in the setting of hypercalcemia.

Abdominal perforation after rupture of a diamond-studded wire: a case report.

PubMed

Schmelzle, Moritz; Matthaei, Hanno; Tustas, Roy Y; Schmitt, Marcus; Müller-Mattheis, Volker; Linhart, Wolfgang; Eisenberger, Claus F; Knoefel, Wolfram T; Esch, Jan Schulte Am

2008-11-13

There are numerous cases of abdominal injuries due to bullets. Abdominal injuries due to bullets are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Here, an unusual case of an abdominal perforation caused by a metal projectile, lead to confusion in the interpretation of the preoperative computer tomography. We present an unusual case of a 32-year-old male worker who sustained a "shot" to the left upper abdominal quadrant, as a result of a work-related accident. The projectile derived from a special wire that tore during operation. One chain element happened to accelerate towards the patients belly and perforated the abdominal wall. Computer tomography located the radiopaque projectile to the cortex of the left kidney and showed a lesion of the tail of the pancreas. The presence of intraperitoneal free air suggested a gastrointestinal perforation. Immediate open exploration of the peritoneal cavity and the retroperitoneal space revealed perforating lesions of the anterior and posterior gastric wall, as well as the pancreatic tail. The projectile was finally retrieved in the upper pole of the left kidney. The patient had a good clinical course subsequent to surgery and was discharged in good general condition. This case represents a rare form of a retained bullet injury and corroborates the need of sufficient measures of worker-protection in area of diamond-studded wire cutting devices.

Diagnostic dilemma of degenerative joint disease, chronic avascular necrosis or metastasis in planar Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate planar skeletal scintigraphy excluded by single positron emission computed tomography/computed tomography.

PubMed

Jain, Tarun Kumar; Phulsunga, Rohit Kumar; Basher, Rajender Kumar; Kumar, Narendra; Bhattacharya, Anish; Mittal, Bhagwant Rai

2015-01-01

We present a 71-year-old male patient subjected to skeletal scintigraphy for metastasis work up of prostate cancer. Whole body planar images revealed a solitary focal tracer uptake in left femoral head mimicking as solitary metastatic focus. Single positron emission computed tomography/computed tomography images localized this increased tracer uptake to the subchondral cysts with minimal sclerosis in left femur head with no decrease in size of femur head and was reported as (degenerative joint disease).

Diagnostic dilemma of degenerative joint disease, chronic avascular necrosis or metastasis in planar Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate planar skeletal scintigraphy excluded by single positron emission computed tomography/computed tomography

PubMed Central

Jain, Tarun Kumar; Phulsunga, Rohit Kumar; Basher, Rajender Kumar; Kumar, Narendra; Bhattacharya, Anish; Mittal, Bhagwant Rai

2015-01-01

We present a 71-year-old male patient subjected to skeletal scintigraphy for metastasis work up of prostate cancer. Whole body planar images revealed a solitary focal tracer uptake in left femoral head mimicking as solitary metastatic focus. Single positron emission computed tomography/computed tomography images localized this increased tracer uptake to the subchondral cysts with minimal sclerosis in left femur head with no decrease in size of femur head and was reported as (degenerative joint disease). PMID:26170582

Evaluation of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) software for the detection of lung nodules on multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT): JAFROC study for the improvement in radiologists' diagnostic accuracy.

PubMed

Hirose, Tomohiro; Nitta, Norihisa; Shiraishi, Junji; Nagatani, Yukihiro; Takahashi, Masashi; Murata, Kiyoshi

2008-12-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) software for the detection of lung nodules on multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) in terms of improvement in radiologists' diagnostic accuracy in detecting lung nodules, using jackknife free-response receiver-operating characteristic (JAFROC) analysis. Twenty-one patients (6 without and 15 with lung nodules) were selected randomly from 120 consecutive thoracic computed tomographic examinations. The gold standard for the presence or absence of nodules in the observer study was determined by consensus of two radiologists. Six expert radiologists participated in a free-response receiver operating characteristic study for the detection of lung nodules on MDCT, in which cases were interpreted first without and then with the output of CAD software. Radiologists were asked to indicate the locations of lung nodule candidates on the monitor with their confidence ratings for the presence of lung nodules. The performance of the CAD software indicated that the sensitivity in detecting lung nodules was 71.4%, with 0.95 false-positive results per case. When radiologists used the CAD software, the average sensitivity improved from 39.5% to 81.0%, with an increase in the average number of false-positive results from 0.14 to 0.89 per case. The average figure-of-merit values for the six radiologists were 0.390 without and 0.845 with the output of the CAD software, and there was a statistically significant difference (P < .0001) using the JAFROC analysis. The CAD software for the detection of lung nodules on MDCT has the potential to assist radiologists by increasing their accuracy.

The early development of medial coronoid disease in growing Labrador retrievers: radiographic, computed tomographic, necropsy and micro-computed tomographic findings.

PubMed

Lau, S F; Wolschrijn, C F; Hazewinkel, H A W; Siebelt, M; Voorhout, G

2013-09-01

Medial coronoid disease (MCD) encompasses lesions of the entire medial coronoid process (MCP), both of the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone. To detect the earliest signs of MCD, radiography and computed tomography were used to monitor the development of MCD in 14 Labrador retrievers, from 6 to 7 weeks of age until euthanasia. The definitive diagnosis of MCD was based on necropsy and micro-computed tomography findings. The frequency of MCD in the dogs studied was 50%. Radiographic findings did not provide evidence of MCD, ulnar subtrochlear sclerosis or blunting of the cranial edge of the MCP. Computed tomography was more sensitive (30.8%) than radiography (0%) in detecting early MCD, with the earliest signs detectable at 14 weeks of age. A combination of the necropsy and micro-computed tomography findings of the MCP showed that MCD was manifested as a lesion of only the subchondral bone in dogs <18 weeks of age. In all dogs (affected and unaffected), there was close contact between the base of the MCP and the proximal radial head in the congruent joints. Computed tomography and micro-computed tomography findings indicated that the lesions of MCD probably originated at the base of the MCP. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Boron neutron capture therapy for malignant melanoma: first clinical case report in China

PubMed Central

Yong, Zhong; Song, Zewen; Zhou, Yongmao; Liu, Tong; Zhang, Zizhu; Zhao, Yanzhong; Chen, Yang; Jin, Congjun; Chen, Xiang; Lu, Jianyun; Han, Rui; Li, Pengzhou; Sun, Xulong; Wang, Guohui; Shi, Guangqing; Zhu, Shaihong

2016-01-01

A phase I/II clinical trial for treating malignant melanoma by boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) was designed to evaluate whether the world’s first in-hospital neutron irradiator (IHNI) was qualified for BNCT. In this clinical trial planning to enroll 30 patients, the first case was treated on August 19, 2014. We present the protocol of this clinical trial, the treating procedure, and the clinical outcome of this first case. Only grade 2 acute radiation injury was observed during the first four weeks after BNCT and the injury healed after treatment. No late radiation injury was found during the 24-month follow-up. Based on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) scan, pathological analysis and gross examination, the patient showed a complete response to BNCT, indicating that BNCT is a potent therapy against malignant melanoma and IHNI has the potential to enable the delivery of BNCT in hospitals. PMID:28174492

A case of septic pulmonary embolism associated with renal abscess mimicking pulmonary metastases of renal malignancy.

PubMed

Jung, Jo Sung; Lee, Sang Mi; Kim, Han Jo; Jang, Si-Hyong; Lee, Jeong Won

2014-05-01

We report the case of a 46-year-old woman with acute febrile symptom who had multiple pulmonary nodules and a renal mass. She underwent (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to find a hidden malignancy and the cause of her fever. FDG PET/CT images demonstrated a renal mass and multiple lung nodules with intense FDG uptake, which was suspicious of a renal malignancy with multiple pulmonary metastatic lesions. CT-guided biopsies of the pulmonary and renal lesions only showed chronic inflammatory infiltrates without evidence of malignancy. She was diagnosed with septic pulmonary embolism from a renal abscess. One month after antibiotic treatment, the follow-up chest and abdomen CT showed improvement of the lung and renal lesions. This is the first case demonstrating the FDG PET/CT finding of septic pulmonary embolism associated with renal abscess in the published literature.

Tomography in Geology: 3D Modeling and Analysis of Structural Features of Rocks Using Computed MicroTomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ponomarev, A. A.; Mamadaliev, R. A.; Semenova, T. V.

2016-10-01

The article presents a brief overview of the current state of computed tomography in the sphere of oil and gas production in Russia and in the world. Operation of computed microtomograph Skyscan 1172 is also provided, as well as personal examples of its application in solving geological problems.

Aerosolized intranasal midazolam for safe and effective sedation for quality computed tomography imaging in infants and children.

PubMed

Mekitarian Filho, Eduardo; de Carvalho, Werther Brunow; Gilio, Alfredo Elias; Robinson, Fay; Mason, Keira P

2013-10-01

This pilot study introduces the aerosolized route for midazolam as an option for infant and pediatric sedation for computed tomography imaging. This technique produced predictable and effective sedation for quality computed tomography imaging studies with minimal artifact and no significant adverse events. Copyright © 2013 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Computed Tomography Measuring Inside Machines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wozniak, James F.; Scudder, Henry J.; Anders, Jeffrey E.

1995-01-01

Computed tomography applied to obtain approximate measurements of radial distances from centerline of turbopump to leading edges of diffuser vanes in turbopump. Use of computed tomography has significance beyond turbopump application: example of general concept of measuring internal dimensions of assembly of parts without having to perform time-consuming task of taking assembly apart and measuring internal parts on coordinate-measuring machine.

A Heat Pipe Coupled Planar Thermionic Converter: Performance Characterization, Nondestructive Testing, and Evaluation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-03-15

Pipes, Computer Modelling, Nondestructive Testing. Tomography , Planar Converter, Cesium Reservoir 19. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and...Investigation ........................ 32 4.3 Computed Tomography ................................ 33 4.4 X-Ray Radiography...25 3.4 LEOS generated output data for Mo-Re converter ................ 26 4.1 Distance along converter imaged by the computed tomography

Multiple Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors in the Mediastinum: A Case Report and Literature Review.

PubMed

Bae, Sung Hwan; Hwang, Jung Hwa; Da Nam, Bo; Kim, Hyun Jo; Kim, Ki-Up; Kim, Dong Won; Choi, In Ho

2016-02-01

Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (ES/PNET) are high-grade malignant neoplasms. These malignancies present very rare tumors of thoracopulmonary area and even rarer in the mediastinum. In our knowledge, ES/PNET presented with multiple mediastinal masses has not been reported previously. We experienced a case of a 42-year-old man presented with gradual onset of left-side pleuritic chest pain. A contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed separate 2 large heterogeneously enhancing masses in each anterior and middle mediastinum of the left hemithorax. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan revealed high fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the mediastinal masses. After surgical excision for the mediastinal masses, both of the masses were diagnosed as the ES/PNET group of tumors on the histopathologic examination. The patient refused postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and came back with local tumor recurrence and distant metastasis on 4-month follow-up after surgical resection. We report this uncommon form of ES/PNET. We are to raise awareness that this rare malignancy should be considered as a differential diagnosis of the malignant mediastinal tumors and which can be manifested as multiple masses in a patient. Understanding this rare entity of extra-skeletal ES/PNET and characteristic imaging findings can help radiologists and clinicians to approach proper diagnosis and better management for this highly malignant tumor.

Diagnostic reference levels of paediatric computed tomography examinations performed at a dedicated Australian paediatric hospital.

PubMed

Bibbo, Giovanni; Brown, Scott; Linke, Rebecca

2016-08-01

Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRL) of procedures involving ionizing radiation are important tools to optimizing radiation doses delivered to patients and in identifying cases where the levels of doses are unusually high. This is particularly important for paediatric patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) examinations as these examinations are associated with relatively high-dose. Paediatric CT studies, performed at our institution from January 2010 to March 2014, have been retrospectively analysed to determine the 75th and 95th percentiles of both the volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol ) and dose-length product (DLP) for the most commonly performed studies to: establish local diagnostic reference levels for paediatric computed tomography examinations performed at our institution, benchmark our DRL with national and international published paediatric values, and determine the compliance of CT radiographer with established protocols. The derived local 75th percentile DRL have been found to be acceptable when compared with those published by the Australian National Radiation Dose Register and two national children's hospitals, and at the international level with the National Reference Doses for the UK. The 95th percentiles of CTDIvol for the various CT examinations have been found to be acceptable values for the CT scanner Dose-Check Notification. Benchmarking CT radiographers shows that they follow the set protocols for the various examinations without significant variations in the machine setting factors. The derivation of DRL has given us the tool to evaluate and improve the performance of our CT service by improved compliance and a reduction in radiation dose to our paediatric patients. We have also been able to benchmark our performance with similar national and international institutions. © 2016 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists.

Acceptance test of a commercially available software for automatic image registration of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain images.

PubMed

Loi, Gianfranco; Dominietto, Marco; Manfredda, Irene; Mones, Eleonora; Carriero, Alessandro; Inglese, Eugenio; Krengli, Marco; Brambilla, Marco

2008-09-01

This note describes a method to characterize the performances of image fusion software (Syntegra) with respect to accuracy and robustness. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies were acquired from two phantoms and 10 patients. Image registration was performed independently by two couples composed of one radiotherapist and one physicist by means of superposition of anatomic landmarks. Each couple performed jointly and saved the registration. The two solutions were averaged to obtain the gold standard registration. A new set of estimators was defined to identify translation and rotation errors in the coordinate axes, independently from point position in image field of view (FOV). Algorithms evaluated were local correlation (LC) for CT-MRI, normalized mutual information (MI) for CT-MRI, and CT-SPECT registrations. To evaluate accuracy, estimator values were compared to limiting values for the algorithms employed, both in phantoms and in patients. To evaluate robustness, different alignments between images taken from a sample patient were produced and registration errors determined. LC algorithm resulted accurate in CT-MRI registrations in phantoms, but exceeded limiting values in 3 of 10 patients. MI algorithm resulted accurate in CT-MRI and CT-SPECT registrations in phantoms; limiting values were exceeded in one case in CT-MRI and never reached in CT-SPECT registrations. Thus, the evaluation of robustness was restricted to the algorithm of MI both for CT-MRI and CT-SPECT registrations. The algorithm of MI proved to be robust: limiting values were not exceeded with translation perturbations up to 2.5 cm, rotation perturbations up to 10 degrees and roto-translational perturbation up to 3 cm and 5 degrees.

The effect of in situ/in vitro three-dimensional quantitative computed tomography image voxel size on the finite element model of human vertebral cancellous bone.

PubMed

Lu, Yongtao; Engelke, Klaus; Glueer, Claus-C; Morlock, Michael M; Huber, Gerd

2014-11-01

Quantitative computed tomography-based finite element modeling technique is a promising clinical tool for the prediction of bone strength. However, quantitative computed tomography-based finite element models were created from image datasets with different image voxel sizes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an influence of image voxel size on the finite element models. In all 12 thoracolumbar vertebrae were scanned prior to autopsy (in situ) using two different quantitative computed tomography scan protocols, which resulted in image datasets with two different voxel sizes (0.29 × 0.29 × 1.3 mm(3) vs 0.18 × 0.18 × 0.6 mm(3)). Eight of them were scanned after autopsy (in vitro) and the datasets were reconstructed with two voxel sizes (0.32 × 0.32 × 0.6 mm(3) vs. 0.18 × 0.18 × 0.3 mm(3)). Finite element models with cuboid volume of interest extracted from the vertebral cancellous part were created and inhomogeneous bilinear bone properties were defined. Axial compression was simulated. No effect of voxel size was detected on the apparent bone mineral density for both the in situ and in vitro cases. However, the apparent modulus and yield strength showed significant differences in the two voxel size group pairs (in situ and in vitro). In conclusion, the image voxel size may have to be considered when the finite element voxel modeling technique is used in clinical applications. © IMechE 2014.

Endocrine radionuclide scintigraphy with fusion single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography

PubMed Central

Wong, Ka-Kit; Gandhi, Arpit; Viglianti, Benjamin L; Fig, Lorraine M; Rubello, Domenico; Gross, Milton D

2016-01-01

AIM: To review the benefits of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) hybrid imaging for diagnosis of various endocrine disorders. METHODS: We performed MEDLINE and PubMed searches using the terms: “SPECT/CT”; “functional anatomic mapping”; “transmission emission tomography”; “parathyroid adenoma”; “thyroid cancer”; “neuroendocrine tumor”; “adrenal”; “pheochromocytoma”; “paraganglioma”; in order to identify relevant articles published in English during the years 2003 to 2015. Reference lists from the articles were reviewed to identify additional pertinent articles. Retrieved manuscripts (case reports, reviews, meta-analyses and abstracts) concerning the application of SPECT/CT to endocrine imaging were analyzed to provide a descriptive synthesis of the utility of this technology. RESULTS: The emergence of hybrid SPECT/CT camera technology now allows simultaneous acquisition of combined multi-modality imaging, with seamless fusion of three-dimensional volume datasets. The usefulness of combining functional information to depict the bio-distribution of radiotracers that map cellular processes of the endocrine system and tumors of endocrine origin, with anatomy derived from CT, has improved the diagnostic capability of scintigraphy for a range of disorders of endocrine gland function. The literature describes benefits of SPECT/CT for 99mTc-sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy and 99mTc-pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy, 123I- or 131I-radioiodine for staging of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, 111In- and 99mTc- labeled somatostatin receptor analogues for detection of neuroendocrine tumors, 131I-norcholesterol (NP-59) scans for assessment of adrenal cortical hyperfunction, and 123I- or 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging for evaluation of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. CONCLUSION: SPECT/CT exploits the synergism between the functional information from radiopharmaceutical imaging and anatomy from CT, translating to improved diagnostic accuracy and meaningful impact on patient care. PMID:27358692

Nondestructive microimaging during preclinical pin-on-plate testing of novel materials for arthroplasty.

PubMed

Teeter, Matthew G; Langohr, G Daniel G; Medley, John B; Holdsworth, David W

2014-02-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of micro-computed tomography to quantify wear in preclinical pin-on-plate testing of materials for use in joint arthroplasty. Wear testing of CoCr pins articulating against six polyetheretherketone plates was performed using a pin-on-plate apparatus over 2 million cycles. Change in volume due to wear was quantified with gravimetric analysis and with micro-computed tomography, and the volumes were compared. Separately, the volume of polyetheretherketone pin-on-plate specimens that had been soaking in fluid for 52 weeks was quantified with both gravimetric analysis and micro-computed tomography, and repeated after drying. The volume change with micro-computed tomography was compared to the mass change with gravimetric analysis. The mean wear volume measured was 8.02 ± 6.38 mm(3) with gravimetric analysis and 6.76 ± 5.38 mm(3) with micro-computed tomography (p = 0.06). Micro-computed tomography volume measurements did not show a statistically significant change with drying for either the plates (p = 0.60) or the pins (p = 0.09), yet drying had a significant effect on the gravimetric mass measurements for both the plates (p = 0.03) and the pins (p = 0.04). Micro-computed tomography provided accurate measurements of wear in polyetheretherketone pin-on-plate test specimens, and no statistically significant change was caused by fluid uptake. Micro-computed tomography quantifies wear depth and wear volume, mapped to the specific location of damage on the specimen, and is also capable of examining subsurface density as well as cracking. Its noncontact, nondestructive nature makes it ideal for preclinical testing of materials, in which further additional analysis techniques may be utilized.

Preoperative (3-dimensional) computed tomography lung reconstruction before anatomic segmentectomy or lobectomy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer.

PubMed

Chan, Ernest G; Landreneau, James R; Schuchert, Matthew J; Odell, David D; Gu, Suicheng; Pu, Jiantao; Luketich, James D; Landreneau, Rodney J

2015-09-01

Accurate cancer localization and negative resection margins are necessary for successful segmentectomy. In this study, we evaluate a newly developed software package that permits automated segmentation of the pulmonary parenchyma, allowing 3-dimensional assessment of tumor size, location, and estimates of surgical margins. A pilot study using a newly developed 3-dimensional computed tomography analytic software package was performed to retrospectively evaluate preoperative computed tomography images of patients who underwent segmentectomy (n = 36) or lobectomy (n = 15) for stage 1 non-small cell lung cancer. The software accomplishes an automated reconstruction of anatomic pulmonary segments of the lung based on bronchial arborization. Estimates of anticipated surgical margins and pulmonary segmental volume were made on the basis of 3-dimensional reconstruction. Autosegmentation was achieved in 72.7% (32/44) of preoperative computed tomography images with slice thicknesses of 3 mm or less. Reasons for segmentation failure included local severe emphysema or pneumonitis, and lower computed tomography resolution. Tumor segmental localization was achieved in all autosegmented studies. The 3-dimensional computed tomography analysis provided a positive predictive value of 87% in predicting a marginal clearance greater than 1 cm and a 75% positive predictive value in predicting a margin to tumor diameter ratio greater than 1 in relation to the surgical pathology assessment. This preoperative 3-dimensional computed tomography analysis of segmental anatomy can confirm the tumor location within an anatomic segment and aid in predicting surgical margins. This 3-dimensional computed tomography information may assist in the preoperative assessment regarding the suitability of segmentectomy for peripheral lung cancers. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Role of post-mapping computed tomography in virtual-assisted lung mapping.

PubMed

Sato, Masaaki; Nagayama, Kazuhiro; Kuwano, Hideki; Nitadori, Jun-Ichi; Anraku, Masaki; Nakajima, Jun

2017-02-01

Background Virtual-assisted lung mapping is a novel bronchoscopic preoperative lung marking technique in which virtual bronchoscopy is used to predict the locations of multiple dye markings. Post-mapping computed tomography is performed to confirm the locations of the actual markings. This study aimed to examine the accuracy of marking locations predicted by virtual bronchoscopy and elucidate the role of post-mapping computed tomography. Methods Automated and manual virtual bronchoscopy was used to predict marking locations. After bronchoscopic dye marking under local anesthesia, computed tomography was performed to confirm the actual marking locations before surgery. Discrepancies between marking locations predicted by the different methods and the actual markings were examined on computed tomography images. Forty-three markings in 11 patients were analyzed. Results The average difference between the predicted and actual marking locations was 30 mm. There was no significant difference between the latest version of the automated virtual bronchoscopy system (30.7 ± 17.2 mm) and manual virtual bronchoscopy (29.8 ± 19.1 mm). The difference was significantly greater in the upper vs. lower lobes (37.1 ± 20.1 vs. 23.0 ± 6.8 mm, for automated virtual bronchoscopy; p < 0.01). Despite this discrepancy, all targeted lesions were successfully resected using 3-dimensional image guidance based on post-mapping computed tomography reflecting the actual marking locations. Conclusions Markings predicted by virtual bronchoscopy were dislocated from the actual markings by an average of 3 cm. However, surgery was accurately performed using post-mapping computed tomography guidance, demonstrating the indispensable role of post-mapping computed tomography in virtual-assisted lung mapping.

Utility of screening computed tomography of chest, abdomen and pelvis in patients after heart transplantation.

PubMed

Dasari, Tarun W; Pavlovic-Surjancev, Biljana; Dusek, Linda; Patel, Nilamkumar; Heroux, Alain L

2011-12-01

Malignancy is a late cause of mortality in heart transplant recipients. It is unknown if screening computed tomography scan would lead to early detection of such malignancies or serious vascular anomalies post heart transplantation. This is a single center observational study of patients undergoing surveillance computed tomography of chest, abdomen and pelvis at least 5 years after transplantation. Abnormal findings, included pulmonary nodules, lymphadenopathy and intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal masses and vascular anomalies such as abdominal aortic aneurysm. The clinical follow up of each of these major abnormal findings is summarized. A total of 63 patients underwent computed tomography scan of chest, abdomen and pelvis at least 5 years after transplantation. Of these, 54 (86%) were male and 9 (14%) were female. Mean age was 52±9.2 years. Computed tomography revealed 1 lung cancer (squamous cell) only. Non specific pulmonary nodules were seen in 6 patients (9.5%). The most common incidental finding was abdominal aortic aneurysms (N=6 (9.5%)), which necessitated follow up computed tomography (N=5) or surgery (N=1). Mean time to detection of abdominal aortic aneurysms from transplantation was 14.6±4.2 years. Mean age at the time of detection of abdominal aortic aneurysms was 74.5±3.2 years. Screening computed tomography scan in patients 5 years from transplantation revealed only one malignancy but lead to increased detection of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Thus the utility is low in terms of detection of malignancy. Based on this study we do not recommend routine computed tomography post heart transplantation. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Practical adaptive quantum tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Granade, Christopher; Ferrie, Christopher; Flammia, Steven T.

2017-11-01

We introduce a fast and accurate heuristic for adaptive tomography that addresses many of the limitations of prior methods. Previous approaches were either too computationally intensive or tailored to handle special cases such as single qubits or pure states. By contrast, our approach combines the efficiency of online optimization with generally applicable and well-motivated data-processing techniques. We numerically demonstrate these advantages in several scenarios including mixed states, higher-dimensional systems, and restricted measurements. http://cgranade.com complete data and source code for this work are available online [1], and can be previewed at https://goo.gl/koiWxR.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma with lymphomatosis cerebri in an immunocompetent child: MRI and 18F-FDG PET-CT findings.

PubMed

Jain, Tarun K; Sharma, Punit; Suman, Sudhir K C; Faizi, Nauroze A; Bal, Chandrasekhar; Kumar, Rakesh

2013-01-01

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is extremely rare in immunocompetent children. We present the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) findings of such a case in a 14-year old immunocompetent boy. In this patient, PCNSL was associated with lymphomatosis cerebri. Familiarity with the findings of this rare condition will improve the diagnostic confidence of the nuclear radiologist and avoid misdiagnosis. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier España, S.L. and SEMNIM. All rights reserved.

Petamenophis (Padiamenemipet), an Egyptian Child Mummy Protected for Eternity: Revelation by Multidetector Computed Tomography.

PubMed

Martina, Maria Cristina; Cesarani, Federico; Boano, Rosa; Fiore Marochetti, Elisa; Gandini, Giovanni

The objective of our work was to report the most recent findings obtained with multidetector computed tomography of a child mummy from the Roman period (119-123 CE) housed at the Egyptian Museum in Turin, Italy. Multidetector computed tomography and postprocessing were applied to understand the embalming techniques, the nature of a foreign object, and anthropometrical values. The information was compared with that from other mummies that were buried in the same tomb, but today housed in different museums. New information regarding the embalming technique was revealed. Multidetector computed tomography allowed the identification of a knife-like metallic object, probably an amulet for the child's protection in the afterlife. Multidetector computed tomography and image postprocessing confirm their valuable role in noninvasive studies in ancient mummies and provided evidence of a unique cultural practice in the late history of Ancient Egypt such as placing a knife possibly as an amulet.

Integrated computer-aided forensic case analysis, presentation, and documentation based on multimodal 3D data.

PubMed

Bornik, Alexander; Urschler, Martin; Schmalstieg, Dieter; Bischof, Horst; Krauskopf, Astrid; Schwark, Thorsten; Scheurer, Eva; Yen, Kathrin

2018-06-01

Three-dimensional (3D) crime scene documentation using 3D scanners and medical imaging modalities like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are increasingly applied in forensic casework. Together with digital photography, these modalities enable comprehensive and non-invasive recording of forensically relevant information regarding injuries/pathologies inside the body and on its surface. Furthermore, it is possible to capture traces and items at crime scenes. Such digitally secured evidence has the potential to similarly increase case understanding by forensic experts and non-experts in court. Unlike photographs and 3D surface models, images from CT and MRI are not self-explanatory. Their interpretation and understanding requires radiological knowledge. Findings in tomography data must not only be revealed, but should also be jointly studied with all the 2D and 3D data available in order to clarify spatial interrelations and to optimally exploit the data at hand. This is technically challenging due to the heterogeneous data representations including volumetric data, polygonal 3D models, and images. This paper presents a novel computer-aided forensic toolbox providing tools to support the analysis, documentation, annotation, and illustration of forensic cases using heterogeneous digital data. Conjoint visualization of data from different modalities in their native form and efficient tools to visually extract and emphasize findings help experts to reveal unrecognized correlations and thereby enhance their case understanding. Moreover, the 3D case illustrations created for case analysis represent an efficient means to convey the insights gained from case analysis to forensic non-experts involved in court proceedings like jurists and laymen. The capability of the presented approach in the context of case analysis, its potential to speed up legal procedures and to ultimately enhance legal certainty is demonstrated by introducing a number of representative forensic cases. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Diagnostic imaging for chronic orofacial pain, maxillofacial osseous and soft tissue pathology and temporomandibular disorders.

PubMed

Shintaku, Werner; Enciso, Reyes; Broussard, Jack; Clark, Glenn T

2006-08-01

Since dentists can be faced by unusual cases during their professional life, this article reviews the common orofacial disorders that are of concern to a dentist trying to diagnose the source of pain or dysfunction symptoms, providing an overview of the essential knowledge and usage of nowadays available advanced diagnostic imaging modalities. In addition to symptom-driven diagnostic dilemmas, where such imaging is utilized, occasionally there are asymptomatic anomalies discovered by routine clinical care and/or on dental or panoramic images that need more discussion. The correct selection criteria of an image exam should be based on the individual characteristics of the patient, and the type of imaging technique should be selected depending on the specific clinical problem, the kind of tissue to be visualized, the information obtained from the imaging modality, radiation exposure, and the cost of the examination. The usage of more specialized imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, ultrasound, as well as single photon computed tomography, positron electron tomography, and their hybrid machines, SPECT/ CT and PET/CT, are discussed.

Adult-onset Morgagni's hernia.

PubMed

Valdivielso Cortázar, Eduardo; Carral Martínez, David; Gómez Gutiérrez, Manuel; Bouzón Alejandro, Alberto

2018-05-01

We report the case of a 65-year-old male patient with Down's syndrome and a deep venous thrombosis on anticoagulation with acenocoumarol. The case presented due to nonspecific, predominantly postprandial epigastric discomfort, meteorism and aerophagia. A thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a Morgagni hernia with a cephalad migration of part of the stomach, ascending colon and transverse colon. After laparotomy, the defect was repaired using a titanium mesh and the patient had a favorable outcome.

Craniofacial duplication (diprosopus): CT, MR imaging, and MR angiography findings case report.

PubMed

Hähnel, Stefan; Schramm, Peter; Hassfeld, Stefan; Steiner, Hans H; Seitz, Angelika

2003-01-01

Diprosopus is one of the rarest malformations in humans. In addition to the facial structures, the cerebral frontal lobes were duplicated in this case. Three pairs of anterior cerebral arteries were detected, and the rostral parts of the superior sagittal sinus were duplicated. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and MR angiography allowed study of the degree of duplicative changes in diprosopus, especially for planning cosmetic correction. Copyright RSNA, 2002

Isolated gallbladder injury in a case of blunt abdominal trauma.

PubMed

Birn, Jeffrey; Jung, Melissa; Dearing, Mark

2012-04-01

The diagnosis of blunt injury to the gallbladder may constitute a significant challenge to the diagnostician. There is often a delay in presentation with non-specific clinical symptoms. In the absence of reliable clinical symptoms, diagnostic imaging becomes an invaluable tool in the rapid identification of gallbladder injury. We present a case of isolated gallbladder injury following blunt abdominal trauma which was diagnosed by computed tomography and subsequently confirmed by cholecystectomy.

Ruptured Left Gastric Artery Aneurysm: Unique Presentation with Hemothorax and Hemomediastinum

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, Michael K.S., E-mail: mkslee@optusnet.com.au; Vrazas, John I.

2006-06-15

Although splanchnic artery aneurysms are uncommon and remain mostly asymptomatic, they are associated with a high mortality rate when they rupture. We discuss the case of a 66-year-old woman who had successful embolization of a left gastric artery aneurysm after presenting with acute chest pain and the unusual computed tomography findings of hemothorax and hemomediastinum. To our knowledge, only one other similar case has been published in the literature.

Computed tomography of adult colonic intussusception: clinical and experimental studies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Iko, B.O.; Teal, J.S.; Siram, S.M.

1984-10-01

The CT features of a case of adult ileocolic intussusception and of experimentally induced ileocolic, cecocolic, and colocolic intussusceptions are presented. Both the clinical and experimental cases demonstrated (1) target masses with enveloped, eccentrically located areas of low density and (2) interspersed low- and high-density stripes within the intussusception producing a layered or stratified pattern. This layered pattern of abdominal masses may be characteristic of intussusceptions regardless of location.

An unanticipated diagnosis with bedside ultrasonography in patients with acute abdominal pain: rectus hematoma

PubMed Central

Ünlüer, Erden Erol; Kaykısız, Eylem Kuday

2017-01-01

Although abdominal pain is a common presentation in emergency departments, rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) is among the rarest diagnosis. Here we present 2 cases of RSH likely caused by coughing due to upper respiratory tract infection. The two described cases were diagnosed by bedside ultrasonography and confirmed as RSH by computed tomography. Review of patient history and use of ultrasonography are important to avoid misdiagnosisof RSH. PMID:28748020

An unanticipated diagnosis with bedside ultrasonography in patients with acute abdominal pain: rectus hematoma.

PubMed

Ünlüer, Erden Erol; Kaykısız, Eylem Kuday

2017-01-01

Although abdominal pain is a common presentation in emergency departments, rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) is among the rarest diagnosis. Here we present 2 cases of RSH likely caused by coughing due to upper respiratory tract infection. The two described cases were diagnosed by bedside ultrasonography and confirmed as RSH by computed tomography. Review of patient history and use of ultrasonography are important to avoid misdiagnosisof RSH.

An unusual case of primary spontaneous tension pneumothorax in a jamaican female.

PubMed

Johnson, M; French, S; Cornwall, D

2014-06-01

Spontaneous pneumothorax is a well-recognized entity with a classical presentation of acute onset chest pain and shortness of breath. It may be complicated by the development of a tension pneumothorax or a haemopneumothorax. We report an interesting case of a spontaneous tension haemopneumothorax which presented atypically and was diagnosed on computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest. The clinical and pathophysiological characteristics and treatment of this unusual entity is discussed.

Ground-glass nodule in a patient with echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK)-positive lung cancer: a case report.

PubMed

Owada, Yuki; Yonechi, Atsushi; Higuchi, Mitsunori; Suzuki, Hiroyuki

2016-03-10

Grand-glass nodule for CT image has thought to be less aggressive tumor in lung cancer. Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK)-positive lung cancer presenting with Ground-glass nodules (GGNs) is relatively rare, and few such cases have been reported. An asymptomatic 56-year-old woman exhibited a 1.1-cm GGN in the lower lobe of the left lung on computed tomography during a medical checkup. Positron emission tomography showed no difference in uptake by the nodule compared with other organs. We elected to perform surgery because the nodule included a solid component and had grown only slightly during the last 2 years according to thin-section computed tomography. Partial resection of the lower left lung was performed by video-assisted thoracic surgery. Pathological examination revealed mucus-producing high columnar epithelium forming an irregular tubular-acinar-like structure partly replacing the alveolar epithelium on hematoxylin and eosin staining. More than 50 % of the tumor demonstrated a lepidic growth pattern. The tumor was negative for epidermal growth factor receptor mutation but positive for the EML4-ALK fusion oncogene according to fluorescence in situ hybridization. We herein report a case of EML4-ALK-positive lung cancer presenting with a GGN along with a review of the relevant literature, including histopathological findings and imaging features. We consider that EML4-ALK-positive lung cancer is often highly progressive and that careful follow-up is therefore essential in these patients.

Employing temporal self-similarity across the entire time domain in computed tomography reconstruction

PubMed Central

Kazantsev, D.; Van Eyndhoven, G.; Lionheart, W. R. B.; Withers, P. J.; Dobson, K. J.; McDonald, S. A.; Atwood, R.; Lee, P. D.

2015-01-01

There are many cases where one needs to limit the X-ray dose, or the number of projections, or both, for high frame rate (fast) imaging. Normally, it improves temporal resolution but reduces the spatial resolution of the reconstructed data. Fortunately, the redundancy of information in the temporal domain can be employed to improve spatial resolution. In this paper, we propose a novel regularizer for iterative reconstruction of time-lapse computed tomography. The non-local penalty term is driven by the available prior information and employs all available temporal data to improve the spatial resolution of each individual time frame. A high-resolution prior image from the same or a different imaging modality is used to enhance edges which remain stationary throughout the acquisition time while dynamic features tend to be regularized spatially. Effective computational performance together with robust improvement in spatial and temporal resolution makes the proposed method a competitive tool to state-of-the-art techniques. PMID:25939621

Toward real-time diffuse optical tomography: accelerating light propagation modeling employing parallel computing on GPU and CPU

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doulgerakis, Matthaios; Eggebrecht, Adam; Wojtkiewicz, Stanislaw; Culver, Joseph; Dehghani, Hamid

2017-12-01

Parameter recovery in diffuse optical tomography is a computationally expensive algorithm, especially when used for large and complex volumes, as in the case of human brain functional imaging. The modeling of light propagation, also known as the forward problem, is the computational bottleneck of the recovery algorithm, whereby the lack of a real-time solution is impeding practical and clinical applications. The objective of this work is the acceleration of the forward model, within a diffusion approximation-based finite-element modeling framework, employing parallelization to expedite the calculation of light propagation in realistic adult head models. The proposed methodology is applicable for modeling both continuous wave and frequency-domain systems with the results demonstrating a 10-fold speed increase when GPU architectures are available, while maintaining high accuracy. It is shown that, for a very high-resolution finite-element model of the adult human head with ˜600,000 nodes, consisting of heterogeneous layers, light propagation can be calculated at ˜0.25 s/excitation source.

Computed tomography arterial portography for assessment of portal vein injury after blunt hepatic trauma.

PubMed

Fu, Chen Ju; Wong, Yon Cheong; Tsang, Yuk Ming; Wang, Li Jen; Chen, Huan Wu; Ku, Yi Kang; Wu, Cheng Hsien; Chen, Huan Wen; Kang, Shih Ching

2015-01-01

Intrahepatic portal vein injuries secondary to blunt abdominal trauma are difficult to diagnose and can result in insidious bleeding. We aimed to compare computed tomography arterial portography (CTAP), reperfusion CTAP (rCTAP), and conventional computed tomography (CT) for diagnosing portal vein injuries after blunt hepatic trauma. Patients with blunt hepatic trauma, who were eligible for nonoperative management, underwent CTAP, rCTAP, and CT. The number and size of perfusion defects observed using the three methods were compared. A total of 13 patients (seven males/six females) with a mean age of 34.5±14.1 years were included in the study. A total of 36 hepatic segments had perfusion defects on rCTAP and CT, while there were 47 hepatic segments with perfusion defects on CTAP. The size of perfusion defects on CT (239 cm3; interquartile range [IQR]: 129.5, 309.5) and rCTAP (238 cm3; IQR: 129.5, 310.5) were significantly smaller compared with CTAP (291 cm3; IQR: 136, 371) (both, P = 0.002). Perfusion defects measured by CTAP were significantly greater than those determined by either rCTAP or CT in cases of blunt hepatic trauma. This finding suggests that CTAP is superior to rCTAP and CT in evaluating portal vein injuries after blunt liver trauma.

Rapid prototyping modelling in oral and maxillofacial surgery: A two year retrospective study.

PubMed

Suomalainen, Anni; Stoor, Patricia; Mesimäki, Karri; Kontio, Risto K

2015-12-01

The use of rapid prototyping (RP) models in medicine to construct bony models is increasing. The aim of the study was to evaluate retrospectively the indication for the use of RP models in oral and maxillofacial surgery at Helsinki University Central Hospital during 2009-2010. Also, the used computed tomography (CT) examination - multislice CT (MSCT) or cone beam CT (CBCT) - method was evaluated. In total 114 RP models were fabricated for 102 patients. The mean age of the patients at the time of the production of the model was 50.4 years. The indications for the modelling included malignant lesions (29%), secondary reconstruction (25%), prosthodontic treatment (22%), orthognathic surgery or asymmetry (13%), benign lesions (8%), and TMJ disorders (4%). MSCT examination was used in 92 and CBCT examination in 22 cases. Most of the models (75%) were conventional hard tissue models. Models with colored tumour or other structure(s) of interest were ordered in 24%. Two out of the 114 models were soft tissue models. The main benefit of the models was in treatment planning and in connection with the production of pre-bent plates or custom made implants. The RP models both facilitate and improve treatment planning and intraoperative efficiency. Rapid prototyping, radiology, computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography.

Usefulness of post mortem computed tomography versus conventional forensic autopsy of road accident victims (drivers and passengers).

PubMed

Moskała, Artur; Woźniak, Krzysztof; Kluza, Piotr; Romaszko, Karol; Lopatin, Oleksiy

2017-01-01

Aim of the study: Deaths of in-vehicle victims (drivers and passengers) of road accidents represent a significant group of issues addressed by forensic medicine. Expressing opinions in this regard involves first of all the determination of the cause of death and the forensic pathologist's participation in the process of road accident reconstruction through defining the mechanism of bodily harm. The scope of the opinion as well as its accuracy and degree of detail largely depend on the scope of forensic autopsy. In this context, techniques that broaden the capabilities of standard autopsy are of particular importance. This paper compares the results of post mortem computed tomography (PMCT) of road accident victims (drivers and passengers) against the results of standard examination in order to determine the scope to which PMCT significantly enhances autopsy capabilities. Material and methods: The analysis covers 118 in-vehicle victims (drivers and passengers) examined from 2012 to 2014. In each case, post-mortem examination was preceded by PMCT examination using Somatom Emotion 16 (Siemens AG, Germany). Results: The results are presented in a tabular form. Conclusions: In most road accident victims (drivers and passengers), post mortem computed tomography significantly increases the results' degree of detail, particularly with regard to injuries of bones and gas collections.

Measuring Weld Profiles By Computer Tomography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pascua, Antonio G.; Roy, Jagatjit

1990-01-01

Noncontacting, nondestructive computer tomography system determines internal and external contours of welded objects. System makes it unnecessary to take metallurgical sections (destructive technique) or to take silicone impressions of hidden surfaces (technique that contaminates) to inspect them. Measurements of contours via tomography performed 10 times as fast as measurements via impression molds, and tomography does not contaminate inspected parts.

[Review of pre- and post-treatment multidetector computed tomography findings in abdominal aortic aneurysms].

PubMed

Casula, E; Lonjedo, E; Cerverón, M J; Ruiz, A; Gómez, J

2014-01-01

The increase in the frequency of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and the widely accepted use of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) as a first-line treatment or as an alternative to conventional surgery make it necessary for radiologists to have thorough knowledge of the pre- and post-treatment findings. The high image quality provided by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) enables CT angiography to play a fundamental role in the study of AAA and in planning treatment. The objective of this article is to review the cases of AAA in which CT angiography was the main imaging technique, so that radiologists will be able to detect the signs related to this disease, to diagnose it, to plan treatment, and to detect complications in the postoperative period. Copyright © 2012 SERAM. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm sizing and case planning using the TeraRecon Aquarius workstation.

PubMed

Lee, W Anthony

2007-01-01

The gold standard for preoperative evaluation of an aortic aneurysm is a computed tomography angiogram (CTA). Three-dimensional reconstruction and analysis of the computed tomography data set is enormously helpful, and even sometimes essential, in proper sizing and planning for endovascular stent graft repair. To a large extent, it has obviated the need for conventional angiography for morphologic evaluation. The TeraRecon Aquarius workstation (San Mateo, Calif) represents a highly sophisticated but user-friendly platform utilizing a combination of task-specific hardware and software specifically designed to rapidly manipulate large Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data sets and provide surface-shaded and multiplanar renderings in real-time. This article discusses the basics of sizing and planning for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and the role of 3-dimensional analysis using the TeraRecon workstation.

Evaluation of prosthetic valve thrombosis by 64-row multi-detector computed tomography. .

PubMed

Tarzia, Vincenzo; Bortolussi, Giacomo; Rubino, Maurizio; Gallo, Michele; Bottio, Tomaso; Gerosa, Gino

2015-03-01

Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), combined with retrospective electrocardiographic gating, permits cardiac imaging with high accuracy. Recent advances in MDCT have seemed to respond adequately to the need for a non-invasive and reliable assessment of the coronary artery lumen. Two patients with prosthetic aortic valves (one bioprosthetic, one mechanical) presented at the authors' institution with dyspnea and syncopal episodes. MDCT was performed to evaluate thrombus characteristics and exclude coronary artery disease (CAD). Based on the MDCT coronary artery assessment, neither patient underwent preoperative invasive coronary angiography, abolishing the risk of any iatrogenic thrombus fragmentation and subsequent embolization. One patient underwent surgical treatment without complications, while medical therapy was successful in the other case. MDCT can be used for the accurate imaging of thrombi on prosthetic aortic valves, and to correctly assess possible CAD.

Endodontic management of supernumerary tooth fused with maxillary first molar by using cone-beam computed tomography.

PubMed

Song, Chang-Kyu; Chang, Hoon-Sang; Min, Kyung-San

2010-11-01

Fusion is a rare occurrence, and its definitive diagnosis is of prime importance for successful root canal treatment. This case report discusses the endodontic management of a supernumerary tooth fused with a right maxillary first molar by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Nonsurgical endodontic retreatment was performed on the supernumerary tooth. A communication between the maxillary first molar and the supernumerary tooth was repaired by using flowable resin. After 1 year of follow-up, there were no clinical symptoms, and the maxillary first molar remained vital. Recall radiographs and CBCT showed satisfactory healing of the periapical pathosis. Proper diagnosis and treatment planning for endodontic management of fused teeth by using CBCT can ensure predictable and successful results. Copyright © 2010 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Renal and adrenal tumors: Pathology, radiology, ultrasonography, therapy, immunology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lohr, E.; Leder, L.D.

1987-01-01

Aspects as diverse as radiology, pathology, urology, pediatrics and immunology have been brought together in one book. The most up-do-date methods of tumor diagnosis by CT, NMR, and ultrasound are covered, as are methods of catheter embolization and radiation techniques in case of primarily inoperable tumors. Contents: Pathology of Renal and Adrenal Neoplasms; Ultrasound Diagnosis of Renal and Pararenal Tumors; Computed-Body-Tomography of Renal Carcinoma and Perirenal Masses; Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Renal Mass Lesions; I-125 Embolotherapy of Renal Tumors; Adrenal Mass Lesions in Infants and Children; Computed Tomography of the Adrenal Glands; Scintigraphic Studies of Renal and Adrenal Function; Surgicalmore » Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma; Operative Therapy of Nephroblastoma; Nonoperative Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma; Prenatal Wilms' Tumor; Congenital Neuroblastoma; Nonsurgical Management of Wilms' Tumor; Immunologic Aspects of Malignant Renal Disease.« less

Characterization and analysis of Porous, Brittle solid structures by X-ray micro computed tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, C. L.; Videla, A. R.; Yu, Q.; Miller, J. D.

2010-12-01

The internal structure of porous, brittle solid structures, such as porous rock, foam metal and wallboard, is extremely complex. For example, in the case of wallboard, the air bubble size and the thickness/composition of the wall structure are spatial parameters that vary significantly and influence mechanical, thermal, and acoustical properties. In this regard, the complex geometry and the internal texture of material, such as wallboard, is characterized and analyzed in 3-D using cone beam x-ray micro computed tomography. Geometrical features of the porous brittle structure are quantitatively analyzed based on calibration of the x-ray linear attenuation coefficient, use of a 3-D watershed algorithm, and use of a 3-D skeletonization procedure. Several examples of the 3-D analysis for porous, wallboard structures are presented and the results discussed.

Human thyroid specimen imaging by fluorescent x-ray computed tomography with synchrotron radiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takeda, Tohoru; Yu, Quanwen; Yashiro, Toru; Yuasa, Tetsuya; Hasegawa, Yasuo; Itai, Yuji; Akatsuka, Takao

1999-09-01

Fluorescent x-ray computed tomography (FXCT) is being developed to detect non-radioactive contrast materials in living specimens. The FXCT system consists of a silicon (111) channel cut monochromator, an x-ray slit and a collimator for fluorescent x ray detection, a scanning table for the target organ and an x-ray detector for fluorescent x-ray and transmission x-ray. To reduce Compton scattering overlapped on the fluorescent K(alpha) line, incident monochromatic x-ray was set at 37 keV. The FXCT clearly imaged a human thyroid gland and iodine content was estimated quantitatively. In a case of hyperthyroidism, the two-dimensional distribution of iodine content was not uniform, and thyroid cancer had a small amount of iodine. FXCT can be used to detect iodine within thyroid gland quantitatively and to delineate its distribution.

CT appearance of mesenteric saponification.

PubMed

Paris, A; Willing, S J

1991-01-01

Although saponification of the pancreas is a frequent finding on computed tomography, saponification of extrapancreatic mesenteric sites has not been previously recognized. A case is presented of acute pancreatitis in which serial scans over a four-year period documented calcifications in old extrapancreatic phlegmons. Saponification from pancreatitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mesenteric calcifications.

Ectopic lobe of right lung with abscess formation in children: a visual diagnosis case.

PubMed

Wu, Chyi-Sen; Wan, Kong-Sang

2013-08-01

We report a 9-year-old boy who had chest pain of 3 weeks' duration caused by ectopic lobe of the right lung with abscess formation. The diagnosis was supported by chest computed tomography and video-assisted thoracoscopy. The child responded well to the operation and fully recovered.

A rare indication for liver resection.

PubMed

Popescu, I; Zamfir, R; Braşoveanu, V; Boroş, M; Herlea, V

2005-01-01

We present the rare case of a young female with a right upper abdomen tumoral mass and suffering abdominal discomfort. A combination of ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and laparotomy was utilized to conclude a diagnosis of Riedel's lobe. Laparotomy and a resection of Riedel's lobe were selected as the correct therapeutic solutions.

Hemangioma of the rib showing a relatively high 18F-FDG uptake: a case report with a literature review

PubMed Central

Emori, Makoto; Terashima, Yoshinori; Hasegawa, Tadashi; Shimizu, Junya; Nagoya, Satoshi; Yamashita, Toshihiko

2017-01-01

Hemangioma of the rib is a rare benign tumor that is often difficult to distinguish from malignant bone tumors. Rib hemangioma often shows bony disruption with a slight cortical disruption, extraosseous lesion, and expanded bone on computed tomography (CT). We report the case of a 68-year-old man with atypical rib hemangioma with a slight cortical disruption and no expanded bone. The tumor showed relatively high 18FDG-uptake on positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. Rib hemangioma often shows higher 18FDG-uptake. PET/CT may not provide useful information for distinguishing rib hemangioma from a malignant tumor. Close observation without surgical resection may be feasible if the tumor is diagnosed as a rib hemangioma by biopsy. PMID:28959457

Spontaneous Acute Mesenteroaxial Gastric Volvulus Diagnosed by Computed Tomography Scan in a Young Man.

PubMed

Jabbour, Gaby; Afifi, Ibrahim; Ellabib, Mohamed; El-Menyar, Ayman; Al-Thani, Hassan

2016-04-26

Acute gastric volvulus is a surgical emergency that requires early recognition and treatment. Acute idiopathic mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus is a rare sub-type and there are few cases reported in children and there are even fewer reports in adults. We report a rare case of a 23-year-old man who presented with a 1-day history of vomiting, epigastric pain, distention, and constipation. The diagnosis for mesenteroaxial type gastric volvulus was confirmed by abdominal radiography and computed tomography. The patient was successfully treated by laparotomy with resection of the ischemic stomach wall and anastomosis. Acute spontaneous mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus is rare in adults and early diagnosis is challenging due to non-specific symptoms. A missed or delayed diagnosis may result in serious complications due to gastric obstruction. A patient presenting with severe epigastric pain and clinical evidence of gastric outlet obstruction should be considered as a surgical emergency to rule out gastric volvulus. High index of suspicion, early diagnosis and prompt surgical management are important for favorable outcome in patients with acute spontaneous gastric volvulus.

Use of Reference Ear Plug to improve accuracy of lateral cephalograms generated from cone-beam computed tomography scans

PubMed Central

Lee, Kyung-Min; Uhm, Gi-Soo; Cho, Jin-Hyoung; McNamara, James A.

2013-01-01

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of Reference Ear Plug (REP) during cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan for the generation of lateral cephalograms from CBCT scan data. Methods Two CBCT scans were obtained from 33 adults. One CBCT scan was acquired using conventional methods, and the other scan was acquired with the use of REP. Virtual lateral cephalograms created from each CBCT image were traced and compared with tracings of the real cephalograms obtained from the same subject. Results CBCT scan with REP resulted in a smaller discrepancy between real and virtual cephalograms. In comparing the real and virtual cephalograms, no measurements significantly differed from real cephalogram values in case of CBCT scan with REP, whereas many measurements significantly differed in the case of CBCT scan without REP. Conclusion Measurements from CBCT-generated cephalograms are more similar to those from real cephalograms when REP are used during CBCT scan. Thus, the use of REP is suggested during CBCT scan to generate accurate virtual cephalograms from CBCT scan data. PMID:23671830

Severe visual loss and cerebral infarction after injection of hyaluronic acid gel.

PubMed

Kim, Eung Gyu; Eom, Tae Kyung; Kang, Seok Joo

2014-01-01

We report a case of a 23-year-old man with cerebral infarction and permanent visual loss after injection of a hyaluronic acid gel filler for augmentation rhinoplasty. The patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of loss of vision in the right eye, facial paralysis on the right side, and paralysis of the left limbs with severe pain during augmentation rhinoplasty with filler injection. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography showed ophthalmic artery obstruction and right middle cerebral artery infarction. Acute thrombolysis was performed to treat the infarction; however, the patient's condition did not improve. Intracerebral hemorrhage in the right temporal/frontal/occipital/parietal lobe, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and midline shifting were observed on brain computed tomography after 24 hours after thrombolysis. Emergency decompressive craniectomy was performed. After the surgery, the patient continued to experience drowsiness, with no improvement in visual loss and motor weakness. Three months later, he could walk with cane. This case indicates that surgeons who administer filler injections should be familiar with the possibility of accidental intravascular injection and should explain the adverse effects of fillers to patients before surgery.

Comparison of standard radiography and computed tomography in 21 dogs with maxillary masses.

PubMed

Ghirelli, Carolina O; Villamizar, Lenin A; Pinto, Ana Carolina B C Fonseca

2013-01-01

Imaging of patients with oral cancer is required to determine tumor extension in order to assist in prognosis and surgical planning. Conventional screen-film radiography (SFR) used to be the most common method for oral assessment, but computed tomography (CT) has become more available and is being used for obtaining complementary information. CT examinations eliminate superimposition by acquiring cross-sectional images of the region of interest. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of SFR compared with CT examinations for evaluation of oral masses in dogs. Twenty-one dogs received head and thorax SFR, and pre- and post-contrast head CT. Bony changes were observed in 80.9% and 95.2% of the cases in SFR and CT studies, respectively. Invasion of adjacent structures (i.e. nasal cavity, frontal and sphenoidal sinuses, orbit, maxillary recess, nasopharynx) was observed in only 30% of cases with SFR while CT showed 90.4% involvement. CT is an important preoperative examination modality and is more effective in identifying bone changes and tumor invasion of adjacent structures compared with SFR.

Secondary hypertension due to isolated interrupted aortic arch in a 45-year-old person: A case report.

PubMed

Zhou, Jian Mei; Liu, Xin Wen; Yang, Yi; Wang, Bo Zhong; Wang, Jian An

2017-12-01

Though it is rare, isolated interrupted aortic arch (IAA) could lead to hypertension. Surgical repair is the only effective curative method to treat IAA conditions and patients with IAA can hardly survive to adulthood with medication alone. We report an IAA case that of a 45-year-old male patient who survived for 45 years without surgical treatment. A 45-year-old man was referred to the hospital presenting with abnormal blood pressure level. Both computed tomography angiogram (CTA) and angiography revealed IAA. The patient was diagnosed as IAA based on computed tomography angiogram (CTA) and angiography. The patient's blood pressure was severely high and refractory. He refused surgical treatment and accepted antihypertensive medication for 10 days. The patient's office blood pressure level was abnormal, fluctuating between 140/90 and 160/100 mm Hg, but 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring showed normal level. Hypertension due to IAA could be controlled with medications, even surgery is not performed. The discrepancy between ambulatory and office blood pressure levels may be due to the white coat effect.

Radiological assessment of the sinus tympani: temporal bone HRCT analyses and surgically related findings.

PubMed

Marchioni, Daniele; Valerini, Sara; Mattioli, Francesco; Alicandri-Ciufelli, Matteo; Presutti, Livio

2015-05-01

To evaluate the morphology of the sinus tympani (ST) based on computed tomography (CT) scans (axial view), describing the findings in a cohort of 148 patients (296 ears), and classifying the prevalence according to our ST classification. To evaluate the surgical prevalence based on the type of ST. To calculate the sensibility and positive predictive value (PPV) of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans for ST involvement by cholesteatoma. Retrospective review of the radiologic database and surgical reports. In total, 98/296 (33.1%) middle ears presented a radiologic morphology Type A; 185/296 (62.5%) middle ears presented a radiologic morphology Type B; 13/296 (4.4%) middle ears presented a radiologic morphology Type C; HRCT showed a sensibility of 91%, specificity of 65%, PPV of 68% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 90%. ST shape and depth can influence surgical preference in cholesteatoma surgery. In the case of a shallower ST, an exclusive endoscopic exploration is chosen; whereas in the case of a deeper ST, a retrofacial approach is usually preferred. HRCT scans demonstrated high sensibility and NPV for ST involvement by cholesteatoma.

A case of fetal osteogenesis imperfecta type 2A: longitudinal observation of natural course in utero and pitfalls for prenatal ultrasound diagnosis.

PubMed

Kimura, Ibuki; Araki, Ryota; Yoshizato, Toshiyuki; Miyamoto, Shingo

2015-10-01

We present a case of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type 2A in which a natural course in utero was observed from 23 weeks' gestation to term. At 23 weeks' gestation, a sonographic examination showed a cloverleaf skull-like head, a narrow thorax, and marked shortening of the long bones with bowing of the femurs and humeri. Follow-up examinations showed that the cloverleaf skull-like head was not evident at 28 weeks' gestation. Discontinuity of the ribs and femurs was observed at 26 and 30 weeks' gestation, respectively. This finding suggested bone fractures, which were confirmed by three-dimensional computed tomography at 32 weeks' gestation. Ultrasonographic findings of bones, including the long bones and calvarium, changed with advancing gestation during the second trimester. Characteristic features of OI type 2A were evident during the late second to early third trimesters. Repeated ultrasonographic examinations together with three-dimensional computed tomography are necessary for the definitive diagnosis of OI type 2A in the second trimester.

Case study of supply induced demand: the case of provision of imaging scans (computed tomography and magnetic resonance) at Unimed-Manaus.

PubMed

Andrade, Edson de Oliveira; Andrade, Elizabeth Nogueira de; Gallo, José Hiran

2011-01-01

To present the experience of a health plan operator (Unimed-Manaus) in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, with the accreditation of imaging services and the demand induced by the supply of new services (Roemer's Law). This is a retrospective work studying a time series covering the period from January 1998 to June 2004, in which the computed tomography and the magnetic resonance imaging services were implemented as part of the services offered by that health plan operator. Statistical analysis consisted of a descriptive and an inferential part, with the latter using a mean parametric test (Student T-test and ANOVA) and the Pearson correlation test. A 5% alpha and a 95% confidence interval were adopted. At Unimed-Manaus, the supply of new imaging services, by itself, was identified as capable of generating an increased service demand, thus characterizing the phenomenon described by Roemer. The results underscore the need to be aware of the fact that the supply of new health services could bring about their increased use without a real demand.

Density conversion factor determined using a cone-beam computed tomography unit NewTom QR-DVT 9000.

PubMed

Lagravère, M O; Fang, Y; Carey, J; Toogood, R W; Packota, G V; Major, P W

2006-11-01

The purpose of this study was to determine a conversion coefficient for Hounsfield Units (HU) to material density (g cm(-3)) obtained from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT-NewTom QR-DVT 9000) data. Six cylindrical models of materials with different densities were made and scanned using the NewTom QR-DVT 9000 Volume Scanner. The raw data were converted into DICOM format and analysed using Merge eFilm and AMIRA to determine the HU of different areas of the models. There was no significant difference (P = 0.846) between the HU given by each piece of software. A linear regression was performed using the density, rho (g cm(-3)), as the dependent variable in terms of the HU (H). The regression equation obtained was rho = 0.002H-0.381 with an R2 value of 0.986. The standard error of the estimation is 27.104 HU in the case of the Hounsfield Units and 0.064 g cm(-3) in the case of density. CBCT provides an effective option for determination of material density expressed as Hounsfield Units.

Parallel Computing for the Computed-Tomography Imaging Spectrometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Seungwon

2008-01-01

This software computes the tomographic reconstruction of spatial-spectral data from raw detector images of the Computed-Tomography Imaging Spectrometer (CTIS), which enables transient-level, multi-spectral imaging by capturing spatial and spectral information in a single snapshot.

[The comparison of the expansion of polyps according to the Ki-67 and computed tomography scores].

PubMed

Aydin, Sedat; Sanli, Arif; Tezer, Ilter; Hardal, Umit; Barişik, Nagehan Ozdemir

2009-01-01

The disease extention in nasal polyps was compared by using the mitotic activity rates and the computed tomography scores. This study was conducted on 19 nasal polyposis patients (8 males, 11 females; mean age 40.0+/-13.7 years; range 20 to 63 years). The preoperative computed tomography records of the patients were evaluated according to the Lund-Mackay grading system. The polyp tissues of the same patients were stained with the Ki-67 antigen for immunohistochemical evaluation. The correlation between the radiologic results and the Ki-67 values was compared by means of the Spearman's correlation test. The mean computed tomography score was observed as 14.3+/-4.7 (range 7-24). The mean Ki-67 score resulting from the immunohistochemical staining was calculated as 24.3+/-18.5 (range 3.3-73.5%). A significant correlation was determined between the Ki-67 values and the computed tomography scores. ("Spearman's" correlation factor: 0.677; p<0.001). As the mitotic activity rate of nasal polyps increases, both the volume of the polyps and the computed tomography scores increase as a result of the blockage of the sinus ostiums by the increased polyp volume.

A Projection Quality-Driven Tube Current Modulation Method in Cone-Beam CT for IGRT: Proof of Concept.

PubMed

Men, Kuo; Dai, Jianrong

2017-12-01

To develop a projection quality-driven tube current modulation method in cone-beam computed tomography for image-guided radiotherapy based on the prior attenuation information obtained by the planning computed tomography and then evaluate its effect on a reduction in the imaging dose. The QCKV-1 phantom with different thicknesses (0-400 mm) of solid water upon it was used to simulate different attenuation (μ). Projections were acquired with a series of tube current-exposure time product (mAs) settings, and a 2-dimensional contrast to noise ratio was analyzed for each projection to create a lookup table of mAs versus 2-dimensional contrast to noise ratio, μ. Before a patient underwent computed tomography, the maximum attenuation [Formula: see text] within the 95% range of each projection angle (θ) was estimated according to the planning computed tomography images. Then, a desired 2-dimensional contrast to noise ratio value was selected, and the mAs setting at θ was calculated with the lookup table of mAs versus 2-dimensional contrast to noise ratio,[Formula: see text]. Three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography images were reconstructed using the projections acquired with the selected mAs. The imaging dose was evaluated with a polymethyl methacrylate dosimetry phantom in terms of volume computed tomography dose index. Image quality was analyzed using a Catphan 503 phantom with an oval body annulus and a pelvis phantom. For the Catphan 503 phantom, the cone-beam computed tomography image obtained by the projection quality-driven tube current modulation method had a similar quality to that of conventional cone-beam computed tomography . However, the proposed method could reduce the imaging dose by 16% to 33% to achieve an equivalent contrast to noise ratio value. For the pelvis phantom, the structural similarity index was 0.992 with a dose reduction of 39.7% for the projection quality-driven tube current modulation method. The proposed method could reduce the additional dose to the patient while not degrading the image quality for cone-beam computed tomography. The projection quality-driven tube current modulation method could be especially beneficial to patients who undergo cone-beam computed tomography frequently during a treatment course.

Posterior mediastinal ganglioneuroma with peripheral replacement by white and brown adipocytes resulting in diagnostic fallacy from a false-positive 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography finding: a case report

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Introduction Ganglioneuroma is a rare tumor in the posterior mediastinum; fat-containing ganglioneuromas are rarely reported. The present case report documents a brown fat-containing, posterior mediastinal ganglioneuroma, which has not been reported previously. Radiological examination, in particular 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, suggested that the tumor had low-grade malignant potential. This led to uncertainty at preoperative diagnosis. Case presentation An asymptomatic 66-year-old Japanese woman with no significant past medical history was referred for the evaluation of a posterior mediastinal mass. Although its size had not changed in the past 5 years, a malignant lipomatous tumor could not be excluded due to the presence of intratumoral fat and increased 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose uptake observed by positron emission tomography imaging. A computed tomography-guided core-needle biopsy revealed a mixture of mature adipocytes, spindle-shaped cells, and fibrotic stroma. Definite diagnosis was not possible, and surgical resection was performed. Three years after the surgery, she remains disease-free. Conclusions Histological diagnosis of the surgically resected mass confirmed ganglioneuroma with substantial amounts of white and brown adipose tissues in peripheral areas. The existence of both ganglion cells and brown fat tissue intensified the accumulation of 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose, resulting in a false-positive result by positron emission tomography. Considering this, ganglioneuroma should not be excluded either clinically or pathologically in fat-containing, posterior mediastinal tumors. PMID:25319096

Least squares QR-based decomposition provides an efficient way of computing optimal regularization parameter in photoacoustic tomography.

PubMed

Shaw, Calvin B; Prakash, Jaya; Pramanik, Manojit; Yalavarthy, Phaneendra K

2013-08-01

A computationally efficient approach that computes the optimal regularization parameter for the Tikhonov-minimization scheme is developed for photoacoustic imaging. This approach is based on the least squares-QR decomposition which is a well-known dimensionality reduction technique for a large system of equations. It is shown that the proposed framework is effective in terms of quantitative and qualitative reconstructions of initial pressure distribution enabled via finding an optimal regularization parameter. The computational efficiency and performance of the proposed method are shown using a test case of numerical blood vessel phantom, where the initial pressure is exactly known for quantitative comparison.

Computer tomography of flows external to test models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prikryl, I.; Vest, C. M.

1982-01-01

Computer tomographic techniques for reconstruction of three-dimensional aerodynamic density fields, from interferograms recorded from several different viewing directions were studied. Emphasis is on the case in which an opaque object such as a test model in a wind tunnel obscures significant regions of the interferograms (projection data). A method called the Iterative Convolution Method (ICM), existing methods in which the field is represented by a series expansions, and analysis of real experimental data in the form of aerodynamic interferograms are discussed.

Just Scan It!-Weapon Reconstruction in Computed Tomography on Historical and Current Swiss Military Guns.

PubMed

Franckenberg, Sabine; Binder, Thomas; Bolliger, Stephan; Thali, Michael J; Ross, Steffen G

2016-09-01

Cross-sectional imaging, such as computed tomography, has been increasingly implemented in both historic and recent postmortem forensic investigations. It aids in determining cause and manner of death as well as in correlating injuries to possible weapons. This study illuminates the feasibility of reconstructing guns in computed tomography and gives a distinct overview of historic and recent Swiss Army guns.

Embracing Statistical Challenges in the Information Technology Age

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

computation and feature selection. Moreover, two research projects on network tomography and arctic cloud detection are used throughout the paper to bring...prominent Network Tomography problem, origin- destination (OD) traffic estimation. It demonstrates well how the two modes of data collection interact...software debugging (Biblit et al, 2005 [2]), and network tomography for computer network management. Computer sys- tem problems exist long before the IT

Computed Tomography For Internal Inspection Of Castings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hanna, Timothy L.

1995-01-01

Computed tomography used to detect internal flaws in metal castings before machining and otherwise processing them into finished parts. Saves time and money otherwise wasted on machining and other processing of castings eventually rejected because of internal defects. Knowledge of internal defects gained by use of computed tomography also provides guidance for changes in foundry techniques, procedures, and equipment to minimize defects and reduce costs.

Endoscopic ultrasound - fine needle aspiration of 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose avid lymph nodes seen on positron emission tomography- computed tomography -what looks like cancer may not always be so.

PubMed

Malik, Anum Imran; Akhtar, Noreen; Loya, Asif; Yusuf, Muhammed Aasim

2014-07-31

Patients suffering from malignancies often undergo serial positron emission tomography - computed tomography (PET-CT) scans, using 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) for diagnosis and follow up. This principle may also be applied to benign conditions as inflammatory cells take up increased amounts of FDG as well. The aim of our study was to retrospectively review the cytological diagnoses made at EUS-FNA of FDG-avid PET-CT lesions in patients with a history of cancer and to determine whether the cause of FDG-avidity was neoplastic or benign. We used the endoscopy database to extract clinical information on all patients with malignancies who underwent EUS-FNA to obtain tissue from FDG-avid nodes seen on PET-CT at our institution from 2009 - 2012. All patients who were referred for EUS-FNA after their scans were included. Those who had contraindications to endoscopic procedures were excluded. The most common location of positive lymph nodes was the subcarinal region (46%). A definitive diagnosis was obtained in 87.8% cases, of which 51.2% had a diagnosis of malignancy confirmed on cytology, while 36.5% were benign. Out of these, 29% had granulomatous inflammation. In 12.2% of cases no definitive diagnosis was obtained. Our results show that great caution should be exercised when evaluating FDG-avid PET-CT nodes in patients with known malignant disease, as a significant proportion of these lesions may be benign, particularly in geographic locations with a high background prevalence of granulomatous inflammation.

Ultrasound, elastography, and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in Riedel's thyroiditis: report of two cases.

PubMed

Slman, Rouba; Monpeyssen, Hervé; Desarnaud, Serge; Haroche, Julien; Fediaevsky, Laurence Du Pasquier; Fabrice, Menegaux; Seret-Begue, Dominique; Amoura, Zahir; Aurengo, André; Leenhardt, Laurence

2011-07-01

Riedel's thyroiditis (RT) is a rare disease characterized by a chronic inflammatory lesion of the thyroid gland with invasion by a dense fibrosis. Publications of the imaging features of RT are scarce. To our knowledge, ultrasound elastography (USE) findings have not been previously reported. Therefore, we describe two patients with RT who were imaged with ultrasonography (US), USE, and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT). Two women were referred for a large, hard goiter with compressive symptoms (dyspnea and dysphagia); in one patient, the goiter was associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis. In both cases, RT was confirmed by surgical biopsy with pathological examination. Thyroid US imaging was performed with a US scan and a 10-13 MHz linear transducer. The hardness of the tissues was analyzed using transient USE (ShearWave, Aixplorer-SuperSonic Imagine). PET/CT scanning was performed with a Philips Gemini GXL camera (GE Medical Systems). In the first patient, US examination revealed a compressive multinodular goiter with large solid hypoechoic and poorly vascularized areas adjacent to the nodules. The predominant right nodule was hypoechoic with irregular margins. The second patient had a hypoechoic goiter with large bilateral hypoechoic areas. In both cases, an unusual feature was observed: the presence of tissue surrounding the primitive carotid artery, associated with thrombi of the internal jugular vein. Further, USE showed heterogeneity in the stiffness values of the thyroid parenchyma varying between 21 kPa and 281 kPa. FDG-PET/CT imaging showed uptake foci in the thyroid gland. In both cases, US showed a decrease in the thyroid gland volume and the disappearance of encasement of the neck vasculature in response to corticosteroid treatment. In contrast, the FDG-PET/CT features remained unchanged. US features, such as vascular encasement and improvement under corticosteroid treatment, seem to be specific to this rare disease. For the first time, USE documents the hardness of RT tissues. Apart from the FDG-PET/CT findings that merit further investigation, US and USE prove useful tools in the assessment of such a rare disease.

Computer-assisted surgery in the lower jaw: double surgical guide for immediately loaded implants in postextractive sites-technical notes and a case report.

PubMed

De Santis, Daniele; Canton, Luciano Claudio; Cucchi, Alessandro; Zanotti, Guglielmo; Pistoia, Enrico; Nocini, Pier Francesco

2010-01-01

Computer-assisted surgery is based on computerized tomography (CT) scan technology to plan the placement of dental implants and a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology to create a custom surgical template. It provides guidance for insertion implants after analysis of existing alveolar bone and planning of implant position, which can be immediately loaded, therefore achieving esthetic and functional results in a surgical stage. The absence of guidelines to treat dentulous areas is often due to a lack of computer-assisted surgery. The authors have attempted to use this surgical methodology to replace residual teeth with an immediate implantoprosthetic restoration. The aim of this case report is to show the possibility of treating a dentulous patient by applying a computer-assisted surgical protocol associated with the use of a double surgical template: one before extraction and a second one after extraction of selected teeth.

Characterization of the Left-Sided Substrate in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy.

PubMed

Berte, Benjamin; Denis, Arnaud; Amraoui, Sana; Yamashita, Seigo; Komatsu, Yuki; Pillois, Xavier; Sacher, Frédéric; Mahida, Saagar; Wielandts, Jean-Yves; Sellal, Jean-Marc; Frontera, Antonio; Al Jefairi, Nora; Derval, Nicolas; Montaudon, Michel; Laurent, François; Hocini, Mélèze; Haïssaguerre, Michel; Jaïs, Pierre; Cochet, Hubert

2015-12-01

The correlates of left ventricular (LV) substrate in arrhythmogenic right ventricular (RV) cardiomyopathy are largely unknown. Thirty-two patients with arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy (47±14 years; 6 women) were included. RV and LV dysplasia were defined from multidetector computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Arrhythmias were characterized as right-sided or left-sided on 12-lead ECG recordings at baseline and during isoproterenol testing. In 14 patients, the imaging substrate was compared with voltage mapping and local abnormal ventricular activity. Imaging abnormalities were found in 32 (100%) and 21 (66%) patients on the RV and LV, respectively, intramyocardial fat on multidetector computed tomography being the most sensitive feature. LV involvement related to none of the Task Force criteria. Right-sided arrhythmias were more frequent than left-sided arrhythmias (P=0.003) although the latter were more frequent in case of LV involvement (P=0.02). The agreement between low voltage and fat on multidetector computed tomography was high on the RV when using either endocardial unipolar or epicardial bipolar data (κ=0.82 and κ=0.78, respectively) but lower on the LV (κ=0.54 for epicardial bipolar). LV local abnormal ventricular activity was found in all patients with LV involvement, and none of the others. The density of local abnormal ventricular activity within fat areas was similar between the RV and LV (P=0.57). LV substrate is frequent in arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy, but poorly identified by current diagnostic strategies. Left-sided arrhythmias are more frequent in case of LV involvement. LV fat hosts the same density of local abnormal ventricular activity as RV fat, but is less efficiently detected by voltage mapping. These results support the need for alternative diagnostic strategies to identify LV dysplasia. © 2015 American Heart Association, Inc.

The risk of coronary artery disease estimated non-invasively in patients with essential hypertension environmentally exposed to cigarette smoke.

PubMed

Gać, Paweł; Jaźwiec, Przemysław; Poręba, Małgorzata; Mazur, Grzegorz; Pawlas, Krystyna; Sobieszczańska, Małgorzata; Poręba, Rafał

2017-12-01

The relationship between environmental exposure of non-smokers to cigarette smoke and the coronary artery calcium scores has not been sufficiently documented. The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between environmental exposure to cigarette smoke and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) estimated non-invasively through measurement of coronary artery calcium score by computed tomography in patients with essential hypertension. The study was conducted on 67 patients with essential hypertension, non-smokers environmentally exposed to cigarette smoke (group A) and on 67 patients with essential hypertension, non-smokers not exposed to cigarette smoke (group B), selected using the case to case. Environmental exposure to cigarette smoke was evaluated using a questionnaire. The risk of development of coronary artery disease was estimated non-invasively through measurement of coronary artery calcium score (CA CS ) by computed tomography. Group A was characterised by significantly higher CA CS and left anterior descending (LAD CS ) calcium scores than group B. Compared to group B, group A had significantly higher percentage of patients with significant risk of CAD estimated on the basis of CA CS values, and significantly lower percentage of patients with practically no risk of CAD estimated with the same method. Advanced age, peripheral artery diseases and environmental exposure to cigarette smoke are independent risk factors associated with increased CA CS and LAD CS values. In addition, higher BMI and hypercholesterolemia are independent risk factors for increased values of LAD CS . In patients with essential hypertension environmental exposure to cigarette smoke may result in elevated risk of coronary artery disease estimated non-invasively through measurement of coronary artery calcium score by computed tomography. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Measurement of aortic valve calcification using multislice computed tomography: correlation with haemodynamic severity of aortic stenosis and clinical implication for patients with low ejection fraction.

PubMed

Cueff, Caroline; Serfaty, Jean-Michel; Cimadevilla, Claire; Laissy, Jean-Pierre; Himbert, Dominique; Tubach, Florence; Duval, Xavier; Iung, Bernard; Enriquez-Sarano, Maurice; Vahanian, Alec; Messika-Zeitoun, David

2011-05-01

Measurement of the degree of aortic valve calcification (AVC) using electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) is an accurate and complementary method to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for assessment of the severity of aortic stenosis (AS). Whether threshold values of AVC obtained with EBCT could be extrapolated to multislice computed tomography (MSCT) was unclear and AVC diagnostic value in patients with low ejection fraction (EF) has never been specifically evaluated. Patients with mild to severe AS underwent prospectively within 1 week MSCT and TTE. Severe AS was defined as an aortic valve area (AVA) of less than 1 cm(2). In 179 patients with EF greater than 40% (validation set), the relationship between AVC and AVA was evaluated. The best threshold of AVC for the diagnosis of severe AS was then evaluated in a second subset (testing set) of 49 patients with low EF (≤40%). In this subgroup, AS severity was defined based on mean gradient, natural history or dobutamine stress echocardiography. Correlation between AVC and AVA was good (r=-0.63, p<0.0001). A threshold of 1651 arbitrary units (AU) provided 82% sensitivity, 80% specificity, 88% negative-predictive value and 70% positive-predictive value. In the testing set (patients with low EF), this threshold correctly differentiated patients with severe AS from non-severe AS in all but three cases. These three patients had an AVC score close to the threshold (1206, 1436 and 1797 AU). In this large series of patients with a wide range of AS, AVC was shown to be well correlated to AVA and may be a useful adjunct for the evaluation of AS severity especially in difficult cases such as patients with low EF.

Traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts after blunt chest trauma: Prevalence, mechanisms of injury, and computed tomography findings.

PubMed

Cho, Hyun Jin; Jeon, Yang Bin; Ma, Dae Sung; Lee, Jung Nam; Chung, Min

2015-09-01

Traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst (TPP) is a rare complication of blunt chest trauma and closely related with severe injury. However, it has been poorly documented. We present a retrospective review of TPP cases treated at our hospital. The medical records and chest computed tomography scans of patients with TPP treated from January 2010 to December 2013 were retrospectively studied. A total of 978 patients underwent chest computed tomography for blunt chest trauma during the study period, and 81 (8.3%) had a total of 150 TPPs. The most common mechanism of injury was being struck by a motorized vehicle (n = 25, 30.9%). The mean (SD) Injury Severity Score (ISS) of the 81 patients was 33.2 (11.4). The prevalence of TPP was higher in younger patients (p = 0.011), but the total number of fractured ribs was significantly lower (p = 0.001). In a subgroup analysis performed according to pseudocyst location, the intraparenchymal group had more severe injuries than the subpleural group (ISS, 23.3 vs. 32.4, p < 0.001; chest Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] score, 3.4 vs. 4.0, p < 0.001; number of associated injuries, 2.9 vs. 4.0, p = 0.001). By multivariate analysis, ISS, age, and number of associated injuries were significantly different in these two groups (p = 0.038, p = 0.006, and p = 0.045, respectively). The prevalence of TPP among cases of blunt chest trauma was 8.3% and was higher in those struck by a vehicle and younger patients. Intraparenchymal pseudocyst was found to be related to more severe injuries. TPP was a self-limiting condition that does not require specific treatment. Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level IV.

Usefulness of computed tomography in pre-surgical evaluation of maxillo-facial pathology with rapid prototyping and surgical pre-planning by virtual reality.

PubMed

Toso, Francesco; Zuiani, Chiara; Vergendo, Maurizio; Salvo, Iolanda; Robiony, Massimo; Politi, Massimo; Bazzocchi, Massimo

2005-01-01

To validate a protocol for creating virtual models to be used in the construction of solid prototypes useful for the planning-simulation of maxillo-facial surgery, in particular for very complex anatomic and pathologic problems. To optimize communications between the radiology, engineering and surgical laboratories. We studied 16 patients with different clinical problems of the maxillo-facial district. Exams were performed with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and single slice computed tomography (SDCT) with axial scans and collimation of 0.5-2 mm, and reconstruction interval of 1 mm. Subsequently we performed 2D multiplanar reconstructions and 3D volume-rendering reconstructions. We exported the DICOM images to the engineering laboratory, to recognize and isolate the bony structures by software. With these data the solid prototypes were generated using stereolitography. To date, surgery has been preformed on 12 patients after simulation of the procedure on the stereolithographyc model. The solid prototypes constructed in the difficult cases were sufficiently detailed despite problems related to the artefacts generated by dental fillings an d prostheses. In the remaining cases the MPR/3D images were sufficiently detailed for surgical planning. The surgical results were excellent in all patients who underwent surgery, and the surgeons were satisfied with the improvement in quality and the reduction in time required for the procedure. MDCT enables rapid prototyping using solid replication, which was very helpful in maxillo-facial surgery, despite problems related to artifacts due to dental fillings and prosthesis within the acquisition field; solutions for this problem are work in progress. The protocol used for communication between the different laboratories was valid and reproducible.

High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography for Assessing Complications Related to Intrathecal Drug Delivery.

PubMed

Morgalla, Matthias; Fortunato, Marcos; Azam, Ala; Tatagiba, Marcos; Lepski, Guillherme

2016-07-01

The assessment of the functionality of intrathecal drug delivery (IDD) systems remains difficult and time-consuming. Catheter-related problems are still very common, and sometimes difficult to diagnose. The aim of the present study is to investigate the accuracy of high-resolution three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) in order to detect catheter-related pump dysfunction. An observational, retrospective investigation. Academic medical center in Germany. We used high-resolution three dimensional (3D) computed tomography with volume rendering technique (VRT) or fluoroscopy and conventional axial-CT to assess IDD-related complications in 51 patients from our institution who had IDD systems implanted for the treatment of chronic pain or spasticity. Twelve patients (23.5%) presented a total of 22 complications. The main type of complication in our series was catheter-related (50%), followed by pump failure, infection, and inappropriate refilling. Fluoroscopy and conventional CT were used in 12 cases. High-resolution 3D CT VRT scan was used in 35 instances with suspected yet unclear complications. Using 3D-CT (VRT) the sensitivity was 58.93% - 100% (CI 95%) and the specificity 87.54% - 100% (CI 95%).The positive predictive value was 58.93% - 100% (CI 95%) and the negative predictive value: 87.54% - 100% (CI 95%).Fluoroscopy and axial CT as a combined diagnostic tool had a sensitivity of 8.3% - 91.7% (CI 95%) and a specificity of 62.9% - 100% (CI 95%). The positive predictive value was 19.29% - 100% (CI 95%) and the negative predictive value: 44.43% - 96.89% (CI 95%). This study is limited by its observational design and the small number of cases. High-resolution 3D CT VRT is a non- invasive method that can identify IDD-related complications with more precision than axial CT and fluoroscopy.

Limitations of PET/CT in the Detection of Occult N1 Metastasis in Clinical Stage I(T1-2aN0) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer for Staging Prior to Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy.

PubMed

Akthar, Adil S; Ferguson, Mark K; Koshy, Matthew; Vigneswaran, Wickii T; Malik, Renuka

2017-02-01

Patients receiving stereotactic body radiotherapy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer are typically staged clinically with positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Currently, limited data exist for the detection of occult hilar/peribronchial (N1) disease. We hypothesize that positron emission tomography-computed tomography underestimates spread of cancer to N1 lymph nodes and that future stereotactic body radiotherapy patients may benefit from increased pathologic evaluation of N1 nodal stations in addition to N2 nodes. A retrospective study was performed of all patients with clinical stage I (T1-2aN0) non-small cell lung cancer (American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition) by positron emission tomography-computed tomography at our institution from 2003 to 2011, with subsequent surgical resection and lymph node staging. Findings on positron emission tomography-computed tomography were compared to pathologic nodal involvement to determine the negative predictive value of positron emission tomography-computed tomography for the detection of N1 nodal disease. An analysis was conducted to identify predictors of occult spread. A total of 105 patients with clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer were included in this study, of which 8 (7.6%) patients were found to have occult N1 metastasis on pathologic review yielding a negative predictive value for N1 disease of 92.4%. No patients had occult mediastinal nodes. The negative predictive value for positron emission tomography-computed tomography in patients with clinical stage T1 versus T2 tumors was 72 (96%) of 75 versus 25 (83%) of 30, respectively ( P = .03), and for peripheral versus central tumor location was 77 (98%) of 78 versus 20 (74%) of 27, respectively ( P = .0001). The negative predictive values for peripheral T1 and T2 tumors were 98% and 100%, respectively; while for central T1 and T2 tumors, the rates were 85% and 64%, respectively. Occult lymph node involvement was not associated with primary tumor maximum standard uptake value, histology, grade, or interval between positron emission tomography-computed tomography and surgery. Our results support pathologic assessment of N1 lymph nodes in patients with stage Inon-small cell lung cancer considered for stereotactic body radiotherapy, with the greatest benefit in patients with central and T2 tumors. Diagnostic evaluation with endoscopic bronchial ultrasound should be considered in the evaluation of stereotactic body radiotherapy candidates.

Chest wall tumors presenting as breast lumps.

PubMed

Shousha, Sami; Sinnett, H Dudley

2004-01-01

Two recently seen patients presenting with large breast lumps that proved to be pure mesenchymal tumors arising from the underlying chest wall are presented. One tumor proved to be a giant cell tumor of soft tissue and the other an osteogenic sarcoma. It is suggested that these two cases may not be unique and that some mesenchymal breast tumors might have their origin in the chest wall. Breast computed tomography (CT) scans would help identify similar cases.

Conservative cricoid surgery for chondrosarcoma: a case report.

PubMed

Gaio, Elena; Maggiore, Giandomenico; Canesso, Alessandra; Artico, Riccardo

2014-02-01

We present the case of a 39-year-old man who presented with hoarseness and progressively worsening dyspnea. Findings on laryngoscopy and computed tomography strongly suggested the presence of a chondrosarcoma. The patient underwent open surgery for removal of the lesion with wide margins. Reconstruction was carried out with two segments of costal cartilage. Laryngeal chondrosarcomas are rare, malignant, usually well-differentiated neoplasms that should be treated with conservative surgery. Recurrences should be treated more aggressively.

[Reconstruction of an air-gun injury track in the neck region--a case report].

PubMed

Woźniak, Krzysztof; Nowaczek-Dziocha, Elzbieta; Moskała, Artur; Urbanik, Andrzej; Pohl, Jerzy

2009-01-01

The authors present a case of an air-gun injury of the neck region with a foreign body left in situ. The DICOM files obtained during clinical CT examination (including computed tomography angiography) gave the opportunity for three-dimensional reconstructions of the location of the pellet, neighboring blood vessels and the bullet track--essential for a successful analysis of a possible version according to the testimonies related to the critical event.

CT of trauma to the abnormal kidney

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rhyner, P.; Federle, M.P.; Jeffrey, R.B.

Traumatic injuries to already abnormal kidneys are difficult to assess by excretory urography and clinical evaluation. Bleeding and urinary extravasation may accompany minor trauma; conversely, underlying tumors, perirenal hemorrhage, and extravasation may be missed on urography. Computed tomography (CT) was performed in eight cases including three neoplasms, one adult polycystic disease, one simple renal cyst, two hydronephrotic kidneys, and one horseshoe kidney. CT provided specific and clinically useful information in each case that was not apparent on excretory urography.

An unusual case of disseminated toxoplasmosis in a previously healthy pregnant patient: radiographic, CT, and MRI findings.

PubMed

Paruthikunnan, Samir; Shankar, Balasubramanyam; Kadavigere, Rajagopal; Prabhu, Mukhyaprana; Narayanan, Ramakrishna; Jain, Harshwardhan

2014-11-01

Toxoplasmosis is a ubiquitous protozoal infection that during pregnancy commonly affects the fetus severely, with maternal infection usually being mild self-limiting. Disseminated toxoplasmosis in a healthy pregnant woman has, to the best of our knowledge, not been reported before. We present a case of disseminated toxoplasmosis involving pulmonary, central nervous system, and lymph nodes in a pregnant woman and imaging findings on radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging.

[Sigmoid endometriosis: a diagnostic dilemma on multidetector CT].

PubMed

Telegrafo, Michele; Lorusso, Valentina; Rubini, Giuseppe; Rella, Leonarda; Pezzolla, Angela; Stabile Ianora, Amato Antonio; Moschetta, Marco

2013-01-01

Intestinal endometriosis represents a common condition that occurs particularly in women of reproductive age. The gastrointestinal tract is the third most common localization of endometriosis, after the ovaries and the peritoneum, and recto-sigmoid tract is involved in 70% of cases. Recto-sigmoid endometriosis has to be differentiated from other diseases of large bowel, especially in patients without a history of endometriosis. We report a case of sigmoid endometriosis which represented a diagnostic dilemma on multidetector computed tomography.

Orbital hydatid cyst of Echinococcus oligarthrus in a human in Venezuela.

PubMed

Lopera, R D; Meléndez, R D; Fernandez, I; Sirit, J; Perera, M P

1989-06-01

This study reports the first known case of human hydatid disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus oligarthrus. The patient, a native Venezuelan female, presented a single cyst localized intraorbitally behind the left eye (retroocular), which was discovered by computed tomography. The cyst was removed by surgery, and after parasitological studies it was identified as an E. oligarthrus hydatid cyst. This is also the first case of intraorbital hydatid cyst in humans in Venezuela.

MR spectroscopy and MR perfusion character of cerebral sparganosis: a case report.

PubMed

Chiu, C-H; Chiou, T-L; Hsu, Y-H; Yen, P-S

2010-02-01

The authors report the case of a 46-year-old woman with cerebral sparganosis resulting from infection with a larva of Spirometra. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass lesion with prominent perifocal oedema in the left parietal lobe. Advanced imaging pulse sequences, including MR spectroscopy and MR perfusion, were performed. During surgery for the removal of a granuloma, the parasite was discovered and excised. Following treatment, the patient's neurological deficits markedly improved.

Group A Streptococcal Peritonitis and Toxic Shock Syndrome in a Postmenopausal Woman.

PubMed

Iwata, Yuri; Iwase, Shigeru

2017-09-15

We herein report the case of a 66-year-old woman presenting with symptoms of gastroenteritis. Computed tomography showed small-bowel dilation without ischemic signs. After admission, she went into shock and was treated for sepsis of unknown origin. She was later diagnosed with group A streptococcal peritonitis due to an ascending vaginal infection. This case highlights the importance of considering Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection as a cause of peritonitis in postmenopausal women.

[Duodenal leiomyosarcoma. Apropos of a case].

PubMed

Galliou, G; Nonent, M; Kergastel, I; Le Guyader, J

1995-01-01

The authors report a new case of leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum. The exoluminal growth and the volume of this tumor explain the difficulties of the imaging methods diagnostic. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and angiography were not sufficient to determine the origin of the tumor. Surgical exposure itself was not conclusive and only pathology provided the definitive diagnosis. We think that endoscopic ultrasonography should be indicated in these submucosal tumors of the duodenum to differentiate them from pancreatic neoplasms.

Source Stacking for Numerical Wavefield Computations - Application to Global Scale Seismic Mantle Tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

MacLean, L. S.; Romanowicz, B. A.; French, S.

2015-12-01

Seismic wavefield computations using the Spectral Element Method are now regularly used to recover tomographic images of the upper mantle and crust at the local, regional, and global scales (e.g. Fichtner et al., GJI, 2009; Tape et al., Science 2010; Lekic and Romanowicz, GJI, 2011; French and Romanowicz, GJI, 2014). However, the heaviness of the computations remains a challenge, and contributes to limiting the resolution of the produced images. Using source stacking, as suggested by Capdeville et al. (GJI,2005), can considerably speed up the process by reducing the wavefield computations to only one per each set of N sources. This method was demonstrated through synthetic tests on low frequency datasets, and therefore should work for global mantle tomography. However, the large amplitudes of surface waves dominates the stacked seismograms and these cases can no longer be separated by windowing in the time domain. We have developed a processing approach that helps address this issue and demonstrate its usefulness through a series of synthetic tests performed at long periods (T >60 s) on toy upper mantle models. The summed synthetics are computed using the CSEM code (Capdeville et al., 2002). As for the inverse part of the procedure, we use a quasi-Newton method, computing Frechet derivatives and Hessian using normal mode perturbation theory.

Focal fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-avid lesions without computed tomography correlate at whole-body positron emission tomography-computed tomography in oncology patients: how often are they malignant?

PubMed

Kumar, Rahi; Hawkins, Randall A; Yeh, Benjamin M; Wang, Zhen Jane

2011-09-01

To retrospectively evaluate the rate of malignancy of focal fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG)-avid lesions without computed tomography (CT) correlate at whole-body positron emission tomography (PET)-CT in oncology patients, because better defining these abnormalities could potentially lead to improved patient management algorithms that rely on PET-CT for detection, staging, and treatment monitoring of malignancies. We performed a computer search of all PET-CT studies performed at our institution from 2006 to 2009, and identified 87 studies with findings of focal 18F-FDG-avid lesions without correlate at CT. The rate of malignancy of such lesions was determined by reviewing findings at follow-up imaging or by clinical or histopathological follow-up. Rates of malignancy were categorized and compared by lesion location and by the type of primary malignancy. The most common locations for focal 18F-FDG-avid lesions without CT correlate were: lymph node location (without visible lymph nodes; 27/87), bone (21/87), soft tissue (17/87), liver (9/87), and gastrointestinal tract (8/87). Forty-one percent (36/87) of the focal FDG-avid lesions without CT correlate were malignant (either metastatic disease or a second malignancy) at follow-up (mean follow-up: 5 months, range: 1-25 months). Focal FDG-avid lesions in lymph node location and in bone without CT correlate had higher rates of malignancy (56%, 15/27 and 52%, 11/21, respectively) than lesions in all other locations (26%, 10/39, P=0.028). In 15 of 87 cases, the only significant finding at PET-CT was an FDG-avid lesion without CT correlate. Of those, 53% (8/15) was positive for malignancy. There were no significant differences in the rates of malignancy for the focal FDG-avid lesions without CT correlate when stratified by the type of primary malignancy in this series. Focal FDG avid lesions without CT correlate were malignant in 41% of cases in our series of oncology patients. Lesions in lymph node location and in bones had the highest rates of malignancy. Knowledge of the patterns and risk of malignancy of focal FDG-avid lesions without CT correlate in oncology patients may facilitate the management of oncology patients with such lesions on PET-CT, and could lead to an improved interpretation of PET-CT scans by imaging specialists.

Computed tomography in the evaluation of Crohn disease

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goldberg, H.I.; Gore, R.M.; Margulis, A.R.

1983-02-01

The abdominal and pelvic computed tomographic examinations in 28 patients with Crohn disease were analyzed and correlated with conventional barium studies, sinograms, and surgical findings. Mucosal abnormalities such as aphthous lesions, pseudopolyps, and ulcerations were only imaged by conventional techniques. Computed tomography proved superior in demonstrating the mural, serosal, and mesenteric abnormalities such as bowel wall thickening (82%), fibrofatty proliferation of mesenteric fat (39%), mesenteric abscess (25%), inflammatory reaction of the mesentery (14%), and mesenteric lymphadenopathy (18%). Computed tomography was most useful clinically in defining the nature of mass effects, separation, or displacement of small bowel segments seen on smallmore » bowel series. Although conventional barium studies remain the initial diagnostic procedure in evaluating Crohn disease, computed tomography can be a useful adjunct in resolving difficult clinical and radiologic diagnostic problems.« less

Proof of live birth using postmortem multislice computed tomography (pmMSCT) in cases of suspected neonaticide: advantages of diagnostic imaging compared to conventional autopsy.

PubMed

Guddat, Saskia S; Gapert, René; Tsokos, Michael; Oesterhelweg, Lars

2013-03-01

Proof of live birth is of major importance in suspected neonaticide cases. Although not without controversy the lung flotation test is the main method used to asses this in different jurisdictions worldwide. The present study examines the usefulness of postmortem multislice computed tomography (pmMSCT) in the detection of live birth signs. Body scans were conducted on four infants, one was stillborn, another died a day after birth and the other two were classified as neonaticides. The appearance of the lungs, gastrointestinal tract and vascular system of the liver was compared in these cases. Clear differences were discernable between the lungs of the stillborn and the 1 day old infant. The aerated lungs and air in the stomach and duodenum were clearly visible in the latter case while the stillborn infant lacked these signs. The two neonaticide cases demonstrated similarly aerated lung tissue to the 1 day old infant. The hepatic vessels did not show any putrefactive gas changes in any of the cases. The extent of aeration of the peripheral alveoli was easily observable on the pmMSCT, thus making it a useful tool in the possible differentiation between artificially and naturally aerated lungs. During the four autopsies the classic flotation tests were performed and similar positive aeration of the lungs in the two neonaticides was shown. The stillborn's tests, on the other hand were negative for aeration. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the advantages of using pmMSCT before commencing a conventional autopsy in cases of suspected neonaticide.

[A case of infectious mononucleosis with splenic infarction].

PubMed

Kobe, Daisuke; Nakatani, Toshiya; Fujinaga, Yukihisa; Seki, Kenichiro; Saikawa, Soichiro; Sawada, Yasuhiko; Sato, Yoshiki; Nagamatsu, Shinsaku; Matsuo, Hideki; Kikuchi, Eiryo

2013-08-01

A 22-year-old man complaining of persisting high fever and right hypochondralgia was admitted to our hospital for infectious mononucleosis with splenic infarction detected by computed tomography. The splenic infarction deteriorated with a marked elevation of inflammatory parameters. This necessitated the commencement of methylprednisolone pulse therapy, resulting in prompt amelioration of inflammation and a reduction in cytokine levels. Including our case, only 9 cases of mononucleosis with splenic infarction have been reported to date; however, splenic infarction should be considered because it is a significant complication of infectious mononucleosis.

A Case of Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis Forming a Rigid Chamber Mimicking Giant Duodenal Ulcer on Computed Tomography Imaging.

PubMed

Shimamoto, Yoko; Harima, Yohei

2016-04-18

The clinical manifestations of eosinophilic gastroenteritis are nonspecific and vary depending on which layer of the gastrointestinal tract is involved. Computed tomography (CT) is valuable for detecting and characterizing gastrointestinal wall abnormalities. We report a case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis that formed a chamber in the rigid duodenal wall of a 67-year-old woman. Abdominal CT showed symmetrical wall thickening of the gastric antrum and duodenal bulb, and the bowel walls consisted of 2 continuous, symmetrically stratified layers. There was a chamber mimicking a giant ulcer at the orifice of the descending duodenum. Eosinophilic inflammation was present through this rigid wall of the descending duodenum, accompanied by perienteric inflammation, which infiltrated the anterior pararenal space, gall bladder, and right colic flexure. Gastrointestinal endoscopy showed spotty erosions and reddish mucosa, with the edematous gastric antrum and duodenal bulb narrowed at their lumens. Just beyond the supraduodenal angle at the orifice of the descending duodenum, there was a chamber with only minor mucosal changes, and it was not a duodenal ulcer. Endoscopic biopsy of the duodenum showed intramucosal eosinophilic infiltration. Treatment with prednisolone resulted in normalization of radiologic and endoscopic abnormalities. We present a case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis with both mucosal and muscular involvement. CT imaging and endoscopic examination confirmed the diagnosis.

Characteristics of Rib Fractures in Child Abuse-The Role of Low-Dose Chest Computed Tomography.

PubMed

Sanchez, Thomas R; Grasparil, Angelo D; Chaudhari, Ruchir; Coulter, Kevin P; Wootton-Gorges, Sandra L

2018-02-01

Our aim is to describe the radiologic characteristics of rib fractures in clinically diagnosed cases of child abuse and suggest a complementary imaging for radiographically occult injuries in highly suspicious cases of child abuse. Retrospective analysis of initial and follow-up skeletal surveys and computed tomography (CT) scans of 16 patients younger than 12 months were reviewed after obtaining approval from our institutional review board. The number, location, displacement, and age of the rib fractures were recorded. Out of a total 105 rib fractures, 84% (87/105) were detected on the initial skeletal survey. Seventeen percent (18/105) were seen only after follow-up imaging, more than half of which (11/18) were detected on a subsequent CT. Majority of the fractures were posterior (43%) and anterior (30%) in location. An overwhelming majority (96%) of the fractures are nondisplaced. Seventeen percent of rib fractures analyzed in the study were not documented on the initial skeletal survey. Majority of fractures are nondisplaced and located posteriorly or anteriorly, areas that are often difficult to assess especially in the acute stage. The CT scan is more sensitive in evaluating these types of fractures. Low-dose chest CT can be an important imaging modality for suspicious cases of child abuse when initial radiographic findings are inconclusive.

Rapidly progressing renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations: a case report

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Introduction Renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations is frequently reported in children, but adult-onset is rare. Here, the case of an adult male who developed a renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations is presented. Case presentation A 38-year-old Asian man presented with left back pain and macroscopic hematuria. Computed tomography revealed a left renal tumor (T3N2M0), and a left radical nephrectomy was performed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed papillary architecture and clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm, and the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusion was made by the immunohistochemical determination of transcription factor E3 protein. In spite of adjuvant therapy with α-interferon, a recurrent tumor was found in his left lung by computed tomography three months after the nephrectomy. Interleukin-2, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors showed no effect on tumor progression. Conclusions Renal cell carcinomas associated with Xp11.2 translocations have an aggressive clinical course in adults. Strict diagnosis using the immunohistochemistry of transcription factor E3 protein is important to predict the prognosis of such patients and new strategies need to be determined to treat patients with these tumors PMID:22738297

Preoperative computed tomography diagnosis of non-recurrent laryngeal nerve in patients with esophageal carcinoma.

PubMed

Niu, Zhong-Xi; Zhang, Hang; Chen, Long-Qi; Shi, Hui; Peng, Jun; Su, Li-Wei; Li, Wei; Xiao, Bo; He, Shu; Yue, Hong-Xu

2017-01-01

The non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) is a rare but potentially serious anomaly that is commonly associated with the aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA). It is easy to damage during surgical resection of esophageal cancer, leading to severe complications. Preoperative enhanced thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans of 2697 patients with esophageal carcinoma treated in our hospital between January 2010 and December 2013 were examined. We classified the positional relationship between the right subclavian artery and the membranous wall of the trachea into two types and used this method to predicate NRLN by identifying ARSA. Twenty-six patients (0.96%) were identified with ARSA, all of which were cases of NRLN by CT. NRLN was identified during surgery in the 26 patients, and a normal right recurrent laryngeal nerve was observed in 2671 patients. The ARSA was detected on the dorsal side of the membranous wall of the trachea in all 26 NRLN cases, while it was detected on the ventral side in all 2671 recurrent laryngeal nerve cases. Enhanced CT scanning is a reliable method for predicting NRLN by identifying ARSA. Preoperative recognition of this nerve anomaly allows surgeons to avoid damaging the nerve and abnormal vessels during esophagectomy. © 2016 The Authors. Thoracic Cancer published by China Lung Oncology Group and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Acute psychosis as an initial manifestation of hypothyroidism: a case report.

PubMed

Ueno, Shinichi; Tsuboi, Satoko; Fujimaki, Motoki; Eguchi, Hiroto; Machida, Yutaka; Hattori, Nobutaka; Miwa, Hideto

2015-11-17

Hypothyroidism is one of the most important causes of treatable dementia, and psychosis occasionally associated with it is known as myxedema madness. We report a case of a 90-year-old patient who developed myxedema madness acutely without overt clinical symptoms and signs suggestive of hypothyroidism. A 90-year-old Japanese man, a general practitioner, was admitted to our emergency room because of acute-onset lethargy, delusions, and hallucinations. He had been actively working until 3 days before the admission. Upon admission, his general physical examination was unremarkable. However, a blood investigation showed the presence of hypothyroidism, and computed tomography revealed pleural effusion and ascites. Electroencephalography revealed diffuse slow waves with a decrease of α-wave activity. A single-photon emission computed tomography scan revealed a decrease of cerebral blood flow in both frontal lobes. The patient was soon treated with thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Following normalization of his thyroid function, both pleural effusion and ascites diminished and his electroencephalographic activity improved simultaneously; however, he did not recover from his psychosis. Myxedema madness should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of acute psychosis in elderly patients, particularly the oldest patients as in our case, because manifestations of hypothyroidism often may be indistinguishable from the aging process.

[Acute pancreatitis associated with hypercalcaemia].

PubMed

Tun-Abraham, Mauro Enrique; Obregón-Guerrero, Gabriela; Romero-Espinoza, Larry; Valencia-Jiménez, Javier

2015-01-01

Hypercalcaemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism is a rare cause of acute pancreatitis, with a reported prevalence of 1.5 to 8%. There is no clear pathophysiological basis, but elevated parathyroid hormone and high serum calcium levels could be responsible for calcium deposit in the pancreatic ducts and activation of pancreatic enzymes, which may be the main risk factor for developing acute pancreatitis. The aim of this report is to describe four cases. Four cases are reported of severe pancreatitis associated with hypercalcaemia secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism; three of them with complications (two pseudocysts and one pancreatic necrosis). Cervical ultrasound, computed tomography, and scintigraphy using 99mTc-Sestambi, studies showed the parathyroid adenoma. Surgical resection was the definitive treatment in all four cases. None of the patients had recurrent acute pancreatitis events during follow-up. Acute pancreatitis secondary to hypercalcaemia of primary hyperparathyroidism is rare; however, when it occurs it is associated with severe pancreatitis. It is suspected in patients with elevated serum calcium and high parathyroid hormone levels. Imaging techniques such as cervical ultrasound, computed tomography, and scintigraphy using 99mTc-Sestambi, should be performed, to confirm clinical suspicion. Surgical resection is the definitive treatment with excellent results. Copyright © 2015 Academia Mexicana de Cirugía A.C. Published by Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved.

Unique migration of a dental needle into the parapharyngeal space: successful removal by an intraoral approach and simulation for tracking visibility in X-ray fluoroscopy.

PubMed

Okumura, Yuri; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Seiji, Kazumasa; Nomura, Kazuhiro; Takata, Yusuke; Suzuki, Takahiro; Katori, Yukio

2015-02-01

The first objective was to describe a novel case of migration of a broken dental needle into the parapharyngeal space. The second was to address the importance of simulation elucidating visualization of such a thin needle under X-ray fluoroscopy. Clinical case records (including computed tomography [CT] and surgical approaches) were reviewed, and a simulation experiment using a head phantom was conducted using the same settings applied intraoperatively. A 36-year-old man was referred after failure to locate a broken 31-G dental needle. Computed tomography revealed migration of the needle into the parapharyngeal space. Intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy failed to identify the needle, so a steel wire was applied as a reference during X-ray to locate the foreign body. The needle was successfully removed using an intraoral approach with tonsillectomy under surgical microscopy. The simulation showed that the dental needle was able to be identified only after applying an appropriate compensating filter, contrasting with the steel wire. Meticulous preoperative simulation regarding visual identification of dental needle foreign bodies is mandatory. Intraoperative radiography and an intraoral approach with tonsillectomy under surgical microscopy offer benefits for accessing the parapharyngeal space, specifically for cases medial to the great vessels. © The Author(s) 2014.

Neutron Tomography and X-ray Tomography as Tools for the Morphological Investigation of Non-mammalian Synapsids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Laaß, Michael; Schillinger, Burkhard; Werneburg, Ingmar

As having evolved on the stem line of mammals, the taxonomy and phylogeny of therapsids (Synapsida) are of special interest with respect to early mammalian evolution. Due to the fact that in most cases soft tissue of fossil vertebrates is not preserved, species can only be distinguished by diagnosis of morphological features of the skeleton. Moreover, investigations of vertebrate fossils are often obstructed, because internal cranial anatomy is usually hidden and parts of the fossils may be embedded in stone matrix. As a consequence, most species of non-mammalian synapsids were only defined on the basis of external skeletal features. Our investigations on Diictodon skulls (Therapsida, Anomodontia) show that non-destructive methods are very useful to clearly distinguish fossil species. We, therefore, propose using modern non-destructive techniques such as neutron tomography, synchrotron tomography, and micro-computed tomography (μCT) as standard tools for the investigation and virtual reconstruction of fossils and to include features of the internal cranial anatomy into morphological descriptions and phylogenetic analyses of fossil vertebrates.

Recent Scientific Evidence and Technical Developments in Cardiovascular Computed Tomography.

PubMed

Marcus, Roy; Ruff, Christer; Burgstahler, Christof; Notohamiprodjo, Mike; Nikolaou, Konstantin; Geisler, Tobias; Schroeder, Stephen; Bamberg, Fabian

2016-05-01

In recent years, coronary computed tomography angiography has become an increasingly safe and noninvasive modality for the evaluation of the anatomical structure of the coronary artery tree with diagnostic benefits especially in patients with a low-to-intermediate pretest probability of disease. Currently, increasing evidence from large randomized diagnostic trials is accumulating on the diagnostic impact of computed tomography angiography for the management of patients with acute and stable chest pain syndrome. At the same time, technical advances have substantially reduced adverse effects and limiting factors, such as radiation exposure, the amount of iodinated contrast agent, and scanning time, rendering the technique appropriate for broader clinical applications. In this work, we review the latest developments in computed tomography technology and describe the scientific evidence on the use of cardiac computed tomography angiography to evaluate patients with acute and stable chest pain syndrome. Copyright © 2016 Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Two Cases of Lethal Complications Following Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Fine-Needle Biopsy of the Liver

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Drinkovic, Ivan; Brkljacic, Boris

1996-09-15

Two cases with lethal complications are reported among 1750 ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous fine-needle liver biopsies performed in our department. The first patient had angiosarcoma of the liver which was not suspected after computed tomography (CT) and US studies had been performed. The other patient had hepatocellular carcinoma in advanced hepatic cirrhosis. Death was due to bleeding in both cases. Pre-procedure laboratory tests did not reveal the existence of major bleeding disorders in either case. Normal liver tissue was interposed in the needle track between the liver capsule and the lesions which were targeted.

Spontaneous esophageal-pleural fistula.

PubMed

Vyas, Sameer; Prakash, Mahesh; Kaman, Lileshwar; Bhardwaj, Nidhi; Khandelwal, Niranjan

2011-10-01

Spontaneous esophageal-pleural fistula (EPF) is a rare entity. We describe a case in a middle-aged female who presented with severe retrosternal chest pain and shortness of breadth. Chest computed tomography showed right EPF and hydropneumothorax. She was managed conservatively keeping the chest tube drainage and performing feeding jejunostomy. A brief review of the imaging finding and management of EPF is discussed.

Anatomic and Quantitative Temporal Bone CT for Preoperative Assessment of Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome.

PubMed

Ginat, D T; Ferro, L; Gluth, M B

2016-12-01

We describe the temporal bone computed tomography (CT) findings of an unusual case of branchio-oto-renal syndrome with ectopic ossicles that are partially located in the middle cranial fossa. We also describe quantitative temporal bone CT assessment pertaining to cochlear implantation in the setting of anomalous cochlear anatomy associated with this syndrome.

[A Case of Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma of the Spermatic Cord].

PubMed

Hodotsuka, Naoto; Nemoto, Kaoru; Yanagi, Masato; Hasegawa, Takumi; Kondo, Yukihiro

2017-06-01

A 63-year-old man was referred to our department because of painless hard mass in the right inguinal region. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed right spermatic cord mass measuring 25 mm in diameter. We performed right high orchiectomy. Histopathological diagnosis was dedifferentiated liposarcoma, which included myofibroblast components. He was alive 3 years postoperatively without recurrence.

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata presenting as omental torsion.

PubMed

Tan, Chjoong Howe Alvin; Ho, Bernard Chi Shern; Shelat, Vishalkumar; Tan, Cher Heng

2012-04-01

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata is usually asymptomatic or mimics widespread malignancy; acute presentation is rare. We describe a patient with right iliac fossa and lower abdominal pain. Two masses were detected via computed tomography, but at surgery, one of these implanted leiomyomas had undergone acute omental torsion. This case illustrates a rare complication of omental leiomyoma torsion clinically mimicking acute appendicitis.

Inferior Vena Cava Filter from Left-Sided Superior Vena Cava

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nair, Sujit, E-mail: drsnnair@hotmail.com; Ettles, Duncan; Robinson, Graham

We describe the unusual case of a 71-year-old male with a history of deep vein thrombosis and recurrent multiple pulmonary embolism (PE) despite adequate anticoagulation. Computed tomography (CT) and brachiocephalic venography revealed a left-sided superior vena cava. We describe successful placement of an inferior vena cava filter via a left-sided superior vena cava.

Dental application of novel finite element analysis software for three-dimensional finite element modeling of a dentulous mandible from its computed tomography images.

PubMed

Nakamura, Keiko; Tajima, Kiyoshi; Chen, Ker-Kong; Nagamatsu, Yuki; Kakigawa, Hiroshi; Masumi, Shin-ich

2013-12-01

This study focused on the application of novel finite-element analysis software for constructing a finite-element model from the computed tomography data of a human dentulous mandible. The finite-element model is necessary for evaluating the mechanical response of the alveolar part of the mandible, resulting from occlusal force applied to the teeth during biting. Commercially available patient-specific general computed tomography-based finite-element analysis software was solely applied to the finite-element analysis for the extraction of computed tomography data. The mandibular bone with teeth was extracted from the original images. Both the enamel and the dentin were extracted after image processing, and the periodontal ligament was created from the segmented dentin. The constructed finite-element model was reasonably accurate using a total of 234,644 nodes and 1,268,784 tetrahedral and 40,665 shell elements. The elastic moduli of the heterogeneous mandibular bone were determined from the bone density data of the computed tomography images. The results suggested that the software applied in this study is both useful and powerful for creating a more accurate three-dimensional finite-element model of a dentulous mandible from the computed tomography data without the need for any other software.

64 slice-coronary computed tomography sensitivity and specificity in the evaluation of coronary artery bypass graft stenosis: A meta-analysis.

PubMed

Barbero, Umberto; Iannaccone, Mario; d'Ascenzo, Fabrizio; Barbero, Cristina; Mohamed, Abdirashid; Annone, Umberto; Benedetto, Sara; Celentani, Dario; Gagliardi, Marco; Moretti, Claudio; Gaita, Fiorenzo

2016-08-01

A non-invasive approach to define grafts patency and stenosis in the follow-up of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients may be an interesting alternative to coronary angiography. 64-slice-coronary computed tomography is nowadays a diffused non-invasive method that permits an accurate evaluation of coronary stenosis, due to a high temporal and spatial resolution. However, its sensitivity and specificity in CABG evaluation has to be clearly defined, since published studies used different protocols and scanners. We collected all studies investigating patients with stable symptoms and previous CABG and reporting the comparison between diagnostic performances of invasive coronary angiography and 64-slice-coronary computed tomography. As a result, sensitivity and specificity of 64-slice-coronary computed tomography for CABG occlusion were 0.99 (95% CI 0.97-1.00) and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.99-1.00) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.99. 64-slice-coronary computed tomography sensitivity and specificity for the presence of any CABG stenosis >50% were 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97-0.99) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96-0.98), while AUC was 0.99. At meta-regression, neither the age nor the time from graft implantation had effect on sensitivity and specificity of 64-slice-coronary computed tomography detection of significant CABG stenosis or occlusion. In conclusion 64-slice-coronary computed tomography confirmed its high sensitivity and specificity in CABG stenosis or occlusion evaluation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Quadruple Axis Neutron Computed Tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schillinger, Burkhard; Bausenwein, Dominik

Neutron computed tomography takes more time for a full tomography than X-rays or Synchrotron radiation, because the source intensity is limited. Most neutron imaging detectors have a square field of view, so if tomography of elongated, narrow samples, e.g. fuel rods, sword blades is recorded, much of the detector area is wasted. Using multiple rotation axes, several samples can be placed inside the field of view, and multiple tomographies can be recorded at the same time by later splitting the recorded images into separate tomography data sets. We describe a new multiple-axis setup using four independent miniaturized rotation tables.

Malignant uveal melanoma and similar lesions studied by computed tomography

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mafee, M.F.; Peyman, G.A.; McKusick, M.A.

1985-08-01

Forty-four patients with intraocular disease were studied by computed tomography (CT); in 19 cases malignant uveal melanoma was considered the likely diagnosis. CT proved to be accurate in determining the location and size of uveal melanomas, demonstrating scleral invasion, and differentiating melanoma from choroidal detachment or angioma, toxocariasis, and senile macular degeneration. On CT, uveal melanomas appeared as hyperdense lesions with slight to moderate contrast enhancement. Tumors thinner than 2 mm could not be seen. Using dynamic CT, the authors noted moderate peak amplitude, normal or delayed tissue transit time, and persistently elevated washout phase (downslope), indicating increased permeability asmore » the result of an impaired tumor blood barrier. Histological types of uveal melanoma could not be differentiated on the basis of circulatory patterns. Dynamic CT may be useful in distinguishing uveal melanoma from choroidal hemangioma or hematoma.« less

Metal Artifact Suppression in Dental Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images Using Image Processing Techniques.

PubMed

Johari, Masoumeh; Abdollahzadeh, Milad; Esmaeili, Farzad; Sakhamanesh, Vahideh

2018-01-01

Dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images suffer from severe metal artifacts. These artifacts degrade the quality of acquired image and in some cases make it unsuitable to use. Streaking artifacts and cavities around teeth are the main reason of degradation. In this article, we have proposed a new artifact reduction algorithm which has three parallel components. The first component extracts teeth based on the modeling of image histogram with a Gaussian mixture model. Striking artifact reduction component reduces artifacts using converting image into the polar domain and applying morphological filtering. The third component fills cavities through a simple but effective morphological filtering operation. Finally, results of these three components are combined into a fusion step to create a visually good image which is more compatible to human visual system. Results show that the proposed algorithm reduces artifacts of dental CBCT images and produces clean images.

A rare variant of first branchial cleft fistula.

PubMed

Ramnani, S; Mungutwar, V; Goyal, N K; Bansal, A

2009-12-01

We report an extremely rare variant of first branchial cleft anomaly. A 15-year-old girl presented with a history of recurrent mucopurulent discharge from an opening in the left infra-auricular region, since birth. Computed tomography fistulography showed a tortuous tract measuring approximately 4.61 cm, extending anteroinferiorly and medially from the external inframeatal opening to the lateral nasopharyngeal wall (anterior to the fossa of Rosenmuller). The tract was connected to the deep lobe of the parotid gland and lay 0.67 cm anterior to the carotid artery and posterior to the medial pterygoid muscle. This was an extremely rare variant of first branchial cleft fistula. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of its type to be reported. Computed tomography fistulography is the imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis of branchial cleft fistula, and will also assist surgical planning.

Diagnosis and Characterization of Patellofemoral Instability: Review of Available Imaging Modalities.

PubMed

Haj-Mirzaian, Arya; Thawait, Gaurav K; Tanaka, Miho J; Demehri, Shadpour

2017-06-01

Patellofemoral instability (PI) is defined as single or multiple episodes of patellar dislocation. Imaging modalities are useful for characterization of patellar malalignment, maltracking, underlying morphologic abnormalities, and stabilizing soft-tissue injuries. Using these findings, orthopedic surgeons can decide when to operate, determine the best operation, and measure degree of correction postoperatively in PI patients. Also, these methods assist with PI diagnosis in some suspicious cases. Magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred method especially in the setting of acute dislocations. Multidetector computed tomography allows a more accurate assessment for malalignment such as patellar tilt and lateral subluxation and secondary osteoarthritis. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging and 4-dimensional computed tomography have been introduced for better kinematic assessment of the patellofemoral maltracking during extension-flexion motions. In this review article, we will discuss the currently available evidence regarding both the conventional and the novel imaging modalities that can be used for diagnosis and characterization of PI.