PHAST--a program for simulating ground-water flow, solute transport, and multicomponent geochemical reactions

USGS Publications Warehouse

Parkhurst, David L.; Kipp, Kenneth L.; Engesgaard, Peter; Charlton, Scott R.

2004-01-01

The computer program PHAST simulates multi-component, reactive solute transport in three-dimensional saturated ground-water flow systems. PHAST is a versatile ground-water flow and solute-transport simulator with capabilities to model a wide range of equilibrium and kinetic geochemical reactions. The flow and transport calculations are based on a modified version of HST3D that is restricted to constant fluid density and constant temperature. The geochemical reactions are simulated with the geochemical model PHREEQC, which is embedded in PHAST. PHAST is applicable to the study of natural and contaminated ground-water systems at a variety of scales ranging from laboratory experiments to local and regional field scales. PHAST can be used in studies of migration of nutrients, inorganic and organic contaminants, and radionuclides; in projects such as aquifer storage and recovery or engineered remediation; and in investigations of the natural rock-water interactions in aquifers. PHAST is not appropriate for unsaturated-zone flow, multiphase flow, density-dependent flow, or waters with high ionic strengths. A variety of boundary conditions are available in PHAST to simulate flow and transport, including specified-head, flux, and leaky conditions, as well as the special cases of rivers and wells. Chemical reactions in PHAST include (1) homogeneous equilibria using an ion-association thermodynamic model; (2) heterogeneous equilibria between the aqueous solution and minerals, gases, surface complexation sites, ion exchange sites, and solid solutions; and (3) kinetic reactions with rates that are a function of solution composition. The aqueous model (elements, chemical reactions, and equilibrium constants), minerals, gases, exchangers, surfaces, and rate expressions may be defined or modified by the user. A number of options are available to save results of simulations to output files. The data may be saved in three formats: a format suitable for viewing with a text editor; a format suitable for exporting to spreadsheets and post-processing programs; or in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF), which is a compressed binary format. Data in the HDF file can be visualized on Windows computers with the program Model Viewer and extracted with the utility program PHASTHDF; both programs are distributed with PHAST. Operator splitting of the flow, transport, and geochemical equations is used to separate the three processes into three sequential calculations. No iterations between transport and reaction calculations are implemented. A three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system and finite-difference techniques are used for the spatial and temporal discretization of the flow and transport equations. The non-linear chemical equilibrium equations are solved by a Newton-Raphson method, and the kinetic reaction equations are solved by a Runge-Kutta or an implicit method for integrating ordinary differential equations. The PHAST simulator may require large amounts of memory and long Central Processing Unit (CPU) times. To reduce the long CPU times, a parallel version of PHAST has been developed that runs on a multiprocessor computer or on a collection of computers that are networked. The parallel version requires Message Passing Interface, which is currently (2004) freely available. The parallel version is effective in reducing simulation times. This report documents the use of the PHAST simulator, including running the simulator, preparing the input files, selecting the output files, and visualizing the results. It also presents four examples that verify the numerical method and demonstrate the capabilities of the simulator. PHAST requires three input files. Only the flow and transport file is described in detail in this report. The other two files, the chemistry data file and the database file, are identical to PHREEQC files and the detailed description of these files is found in the PHREEQC documentation.

Carbon dioxide sequestration induced mineral precipitation healing of fractured reservoir seals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Welch, N.; Crawshaw, J.

2017-12-01

Initial experiments and the thermodynaic basis for carbon dioxide sequestration induced mineral precipitation healing of fractures through reservoir seals will be presented. The basis of this work is the potential exists for the dissolution of reservoir host rock formation carbonate minerals in the acidified injection front of CO2 during sequestration or EOR. This enriched brine and the bulk CO2 phase will then flow through the reservoir until contact with the reservoir seal. At this point any fractures present in the reservoir seal will be the preferential flow path for the bulk CO2 phase as well as the acidified brine front. These fractures would currently be filled with non-acidified brine saturated in seal formation brine. When the acidifeid brine from the host formation and the cap rock brine mix there is the potential for minerals to fall out of solution, and for these precipitated minerals to decrease or entirely cut off the fluid flow through the fractures present in a reservoir seal. Initial equilibrium simulations performed using the PHREEQC1 database drived from the PHREEQE2 database are used to show the favorable conditions under which this mineral precipitation can occurs. Bench scale fluid mixing experiments were then performed to determine the kinetics of the mineral precipitation process, and determine the progress of future experiemnts involving fluid flow within fractured anhydrite reservoir seal samples. 1Parkhurst, D.L., and Appelo, C.A.J., 2013, Description of input and examples for PHREEQC version 3—A computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 6, chap. A43, 497 p., available only at https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a43/. 2Parkhurst, David L., Donald C. Thorstenson, and L. Niel Plummer. PHREEQE: a computer program for geochemical calculations. No. 80-96. US Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,, 1980.

PHAST Version 2-A Program for Simulating Groundwater Flow, Solute Transport, and Multicomponent Geochemical Reactions

USGS Publications Warehouse

Parkhurst, David L.; Kipp, Kenneth L.; Charlton, Scott R.

2010-01-01

The computer program PHAST (PHREEQC And HST3D) simulates multicomponent, reactive solute transport in three-dimensional saturated groundwater flow systems. PHAST is a versatile groundwater flow and solute-transport simulator with capabilities to model a wide range of equilibrium and kinetic geochemical reactions. The flow and transport calculations are based on a modified version of HST3D that is restricted to constant fluid density and constant temperature. The geochemical reactions are simulated with the geochemical model PHREEQC, which is embedded in PHAST. Major enhancements in PHAST Version 2 allow spatial data to be defined in a combination of map and grid coordinate systems, independent of a specific model grid (without node-by-node input). At run time, aquifer properties are interpolated from the spatial data to the model grid; regridding requires only redefinition of the grid without modification of the spatial data. PHAST is applicable to the study of natural and contaminated groundwater systems at a variety of scales ranging from laboratory experiments to local and regional field scales. PHAST can be used in studies of migration of nutrients, inorganic and organic contaminants, and radionuclides; in projects such as aquifer storage and recovery or engineered remediation; and in investigations of the natural rock/water interactions in aquifers. PHAST is not appropriate for unsaturated-zone flow, multiphase flow, or density-dependent flow. A variety of boundary conditions are available in PHAST to simulate flow and transport, including specified-head, flux (specified-flux), and leaky (head-dependent) conditions, as well as the special cases of rivers, drains, and wells. Chemical reactions in PHAST include (1) homogeneous equilibria using an ion-association or Pitzer specific interaction thermodynamic model; (2) heterogeneous equilibria between the aqueous solution and minerals, ion exchange sites, surface complexation sites, solid solutions, and gases; and (3) kinetic reactions with rates that are a function of solution composition. The aqueous model (elements, chemical reactions, and equilibrium constants), minerals, exchangers, surfaces, gases, kinetic reactants, and rate expressions may be defined or modified by the user. A number of options are available to save results of simulations to output files. The data may be saved in three formats: a format suitable for viewing with a text editor; a format suitable for exporting to spreadsheets and postprocessing programs; and in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF), which is a compressed binary format. Data in the HDF file can be visualized on Windows computers with the program Model Viewer and extracted with the utility program PHASTHDF; both programs are distributed with PHAST.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ginn, Timothy R.; Weathers, Tess

Biogeochemical modeling using PHREEQC2 and a streamtube ensemble approach is utilized to understand a well-to-well subsurface treatment system at the Vadose Zone Research Park (VZRP) near Idaho Falls, Idaho. Treatment involves in situ microbially-mediated ureolysis to induce calcite precipitation for the immobilization of strontium-90. PHREEQC2 is utilized to model the kinetically-controlled ureolysis and consequent calcite precipitation. Reaction kinetics, equilibrium phases, and cation exchange are used within PHREEQC2 to track pH and levels of calcium, ammonium, urea, and calcite precipitation over time, within a series of one-dimensional advective-dispersive transport paths creating a streamtube ensemble representation of the well-to-well transport. An understandingmore » of the impact of physical heterogeneities within this radial flowfield is critical for remediation design; we address this via the streamtube approach: instead of depicting spatial extents of solutes in the subsurface we focus on their arrival distribution at the control well(s). Traditionally, each streamtube maintains uniform velocity; however in radial flow in homogeneous media, the velocity within any given streamtube is spatially-variable in a common way, being highest at the input and output wells and approaching a minimum at the midpoint between the wells. This idealized velocity variability is of significance in the case of ureolytically driven calcite precipitation. Streamtube velocity patterns for any particular configuration of injection and withdrawal wells are available as explicit calculations from potential theory, and also from particle tracking programs. To approximate the actual spatial distribution of velocity along streamtubes, we assume idealized radial non-uniform velocity associated with homogeneous media. This is implemented in PHREEQC2 via a non-uniform spatial discretization within each streamtube that honors both the streamtube’s travel time and the idealized “fast-slow-fast” pattern of non-uniform velocity along the streamline. Breakthrough curves produced by each simulation are weighted by the path-respective flux fractions (obtained by deconvolution of tracer tests conducted at the VZRP) to obtain the flux-average of flow contributions to the observation well.« less

Modeling of Ureolytic Calcite Precipitation for the Remediation of Sr-90 Using a Variable Velocity Streamtube Ensemble

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weathers, T. S.; Ginn, T. R.; Spycher, N.; Barkouki, T. H.; Fujita, Y.; Smith, R. W.

2009-12-01

Subsurface contamination is often mitigated with an injection/extraction well system. An understanding of heterogeneities within this radial flowfield is critical for modeling, prediction, and remediation of the subsurface. We address this using a Lagrangian approach: instead of depicting spatial extents of solutes in the subsurface we focus on their arrival distribution at the control well(s). A well-to-well treatment system that incorporates in situ microbially-mediated ureolysis to induce calcite precipitation for the immobilization of strontium-90 has been explored at the Vadose Zone Research Park (VZRP) near Idaho Falls, Idaho. PHREEQC2 is utilized to model the kinetically-controlled ureolysis and consequent calcite precipitation. PHREEQC2 provides a one-dimensional advective-dispersive transport option that can be and has been used in streamtube ensemble models. Traditionally, each streamtube maintains uniform velocity; however in radial flow in homogeneous media, the velocity within any given streamtube is variable in space, being highest at the input and output wells and approaching a minimum at the midpoint between the wells. This idealized velocity variability is of significance if kinetic reactions are present with multiple components, if kinetic reaction rates vary in space, if the reactions involve multiple phases (e.g. heterogeneous reactions), and/or if they impact physical characteristics (porosity/permeability), as does ureolytically driven calcite precipitation. Streamtube velocity patterns for any particular configuration of injection and withdrawal wells are available as explicit calculations from potential theory, and also from particle tracking programs. To approximate the actual spatial distribution of velocity along streamtubes, we assume idealized non-uniform velocity associated with homogeneous media. This is implemented in PHREEQC2 via a non-uniform spatial discretization within each streamtube that honors both the streamtube’s travel time and the idealized “fast-slow-fast” nonuniform velocity along the streamline. Breakthrough curves produced by each simulation are weighted by the path-respective flux fractions (obtained by deconvolution of tracer tests conducted at the VZRP) to obtain the flux-average of flow contributions to the observation well. Breakthrough data from urea injection experiments performed at the VZRP are compared to the model results from the PHREEQC2 variable velocity ensemble.

A combined PHREEQC-2/parallel fracture model for the simulation of laminar/non-laminar flow and contaminant transport with reactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Masciopinto, Costantino; Volpe, Angela; Palmiotta, Domenico; Cherubini, Claudia

2010-09-01

A combination of a parallel fracture model with the PHREEQC-2 geochemical model was developed to simulate sequential flow and chemical transport with reactions in fractured media where both laminar and turbulent flows occur. The integration of non-laminar flow resistances in one model produced relevant effects on water flow velocities, thus improving model prediction capabilities on contaminant transport. The proposed conceptual model consists of 3D rock-blocks, separated by horizontal bedding plane fractures with variable apertures. Particle tracking solved the transport equations for conservative compounds and provided input for PHREEQC-2. For each cluster of contaminant pathways, PHREEQC-2 determined the concentration for mass-transfer, sorption/desorption, ion exchange, mineral dissolution/precipitation and biodegradation, under kinetically controlled reactive processes of equilibrated chemical species. Field tests have been performed for the code verification. As an example, the combined model has been applied to a contaminated fractured aquifer of southern Italy in order to simulate the phenol transport. The code correctly fitted the field available data and also predicted a possible rapid depletion of phenols as a result of an increased biodegradation rate induced by a simulated artificial injection of nitrates, upgradient to the sources.

Numerical simulation of in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) and biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons using a coupled model for bio-geochemical reactive transport

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marin, I. S.; Molson, J. W.

2013-05-01

Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) are a major source of groundwater contamination, being a worldwide and well-known problem. Formed by a complex mixture of hundreds of organic compounds (including BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes), many of which are toxic and persistent in the subsurface and are capable of creating a serious risk to human health. Several remediation technologies can be used to clean-up PHC contamination. In-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) and intrinsic bioremediation (IBR) are two promising techniques that can be applied in this case. However, the interaction of these processes with the background aquifer geochemistry and the design of an efficient treatment presents a challenge. Here we show the development and application of BIONAPL/Phreeqc, a modeling tool capable of simulating groundwater flow, contaminant transport with coupled biological and geochemical processes in porous or fractured porous media. BIONAPL/Phreeqc is based on the well-tested BIONAPL/3D model, using a powerful finite element simulation engine, capable of simulating non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) dissolution, density-dependent advective-dispersive transport, and solving the geochemical and kinetic processes with the library Phreeqc. To validate the model, we compared BIONAPL/Phreeqc with results from the literature for different biodegradation processes and different geometries, with good agreement. We then used the model to simulate the behavior of sodium persulfate (NaS2O8) as an oxidant for BTEX degradation, coupled with sequential biodegradation in a 2D case and to evaluate the effect of inorganic geochemistry reactions. The results show the advantages of a treatment train remediation scheme based on ISCO and IBR. The numerical performance and stability of the integrated BIONAPL/Phreeqc model was also verified.

Trace elements geochemistry of fractured basement aquifer in southern Malawi: A case of Blantyre rural

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mapoma, Harold Wilson Tumwitike; Xie, Xianjun; Nyirenda, Mathews Tananga; Zhang, Liping; Kaonga, Chikumbusko Chiziwa; Mbewe, Rex

2017-07-01

In this study, twenty one (21) trace elements in the basement complex groundwater of Blantyre district, Malawi were analyzed. The majority of the analyzed trace elements in the water were within the standards set by World Health Organization (WHO) and Malawi Standards Board (MSB). But, iron (Fe) (BH16 and 21), manganese (Mn) (BH01) and selenium (Se) (BH02, 13, 18, 19 and 20) were higher than the WHO and MSB standards. Factor analysis (FA) revealed up to five significant factors which accounted for 87.4% of the variance. Factor 1, 2 and 3 suggest evaporite dissolution and silicate weathering processes while the fourth factor may explain carbonate dissolution and pH influence on trace element geochemistry of the studied groundwater samples. According to PHREEQC computed saturation indices, dissolution, precipitation and rock-water-interaction control the levels of trace elements in this aquifer. Elevated concentrations of Fe, Mn and Se in certain boreholes are due to the geology of the aquifer and probable redox status of groundwater. From PHREEQC speciation results, variations in trace element species were observed. Based on this study, boreholes need constant monitoring and assessment for human consumption to avoid health related issues.

Reactive transport of metal contaminants in alluvium - Model comparison and column simulation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brown, J.G.; Bassett, R.L.; Glynn, P.D.

2000-01-01

A comparative assessment of two reactive-transport models, PHREEQC and HYDROGEOCHEM (HGC), was done to determine the suitability of each for simulating the movement of acidic contamination in alluvium. For simulations that accounted for aqueous complexation, precipitation and dissolution, the breakthrough and rinseout curves generated by each model were similar. The differences in simulated equilibrium concentrations between models were minor and were related to (1) different units in model output, (2) different activity coefficients, and (3) ionic-strength calculations. When adsorption processes were added to the models, the rinseout pH simulated by PHREEQC using the diffuse double-layer adsorption model rose to a pH of 6 after pore volume 15, about 1 pore volume later than the pH simulated by HGC using the constant-capacitance model. In PHREEQC simulation of a laboratory column experiment, the inability of the model to match measured outflow concentrations of selected constituents was related to the evident lack of local geochemical equilibrium in the column. The difference in timing and size of measured and simulated breakthrough of selected constituents indicated that the redox and adsorption reactions in the column occurred slowly when compared with the modeled reactions. MINTEQA2 and PHREEQC simulations of the column experiment indicated that the number of surface sites that took part in adsorption reactions was less than that estimated from the measured concentration of Fe hydroxide in the alluvium.

Distributed All-Optical Sensor to Detect dCO2 in Aqueous Environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhatia, S.; Coelho, J.; Melo, L.; Davies, B.; Ahmed, F.; Bao, B.; Wild, P.; Risk, D. A.; Sinton, D.; Jun, M.

2012-12-01

Already a proven technology for temperature and stress measurements, an all-optical sensor to detect dCO2 is being developed for deployment in challenging environments. Optical sensors function under high pressure, do not require electronics and therefore experience no magnetic interference. They are also able to transmit signals over long distances with minimal losses. The dCO2 sensor's principal application is in measurement monitoring and verification of carbon capture and storage sites; however, it could also be useful in ocean, fresh water, and transition environments. The objective for the first phase of development was to detect a CO2 signal in laboratory tests. The developmental program incorporated experiments to detect CO2 under high pressure (1400 psi) in aqueous environments. Laboratory testing involved a custom pressure cell, off-the-shelf and custom long period gratings written in SMF125 fiber. Femptosecond laser micromachining was used to test alternative long period grating (LPG) and cutout shapes to maximize evanescent field interaction with the environment. A comprehensive program of geochemical modeling using PHREEQC 2 was used to identify the diversity of species in environments of interest that could exert confounding influence. Purchased UV-LPG responded to changes in concentration of scCO2 in brine at high pressure. Signal differences between CO2-saturated brine and pure brine were also noted under the same, high pressure conditions. Geochemical modeling software, PHREEQC 2, revealed a diversity of species in environments of interest whose concentrations varied strongly with temperature and pH. The modeling program's detailed characterization of environments informed work currently being undertaken as part of Phase 2, to develop a CO2-selective membrane to filter out measurement artifact.

Modeling Anaerobic Soil Organic Carbon Decomposition in Arctic Polygon Tundra: Insights into Soil Geochemical Influences on Carbon Mineralization: Modeling Archive

DOE Data Explorer

Zheng, Jianqiu; Thornton, Peter; Painter, Scott; Gu, Baohua; Wullschleger, Stan; Graham, David

2018-06-13

This anaerobic carbon decomposition model is developed with explicit representation of fermentation, methanogenesis and iron reduction by combining three well-known modeling approaches developed in different disciplines. A pool-based model to represent upstream carbon transformations and replenishment of DOC pool, a thermodynamically-based model to calculate rate kinetics and biomass growth for methanogenesis and Fe(III) reduction, and a humic ion-binding model for aqueous phase speciation and pH calculation are implemented into the open source geochemical model PHREEQC (V3.0). Installation of PHREEQC is required to run this model.

Predicting Formation Damage in Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage Systems Utilizing a Coupled Hydraulic-Thermal-Chemical Reservoir Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Müller, Daniel; Regenspurg, Simona; Milsch, Harald; Blöcher, Guido; Kranz, Stefan; Saadat, Ali

2014-05-01

In aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) systems, large amounts of energy can be stored by injecting hot water into deep or intermediate aquifers. In a seasonal production-injection cycle, water is circulated through a system comprising the porous aquifer, a production well, a heat exchanger and an injection well. This process involves large temperature and pressure differences, which shift chemical equilibria and introduce or amplify mechanical processes. Rock-fluid interaction such as dissolution and precipitation or migration and deposition of fine particles will affect the hydraulic properties of the porous medium and may lead to irreversible formation damage. In consequence, these processes determine the long-term performance of the ATES system and need to be predicted to ensure the reliability of the system. However, high temperature and pressure gradients and dynamic feedback cycles pose challenges on predicting the influence of the relevant processes. Within this study, a reservoir model comprising a coupled hydraulic-thermal-chemical simulation was developed based on an ATES demonstration project located in the city of Berlin, Germany. The structural model was created with Petrel, based on data available from seismic cross-sections and wellbores. The reservoir simulation was realized by combining the capabilities of multiple simulation tools. For the reactive transport model, COMSOL Multiphysics (hydraulic-thermal) and PHREEQC (chemical) were combined using the novel interface COMSOL_PHREEQC, developed by Wissmeier & Barry (2011). It provides a MATLAB-based coupling interface between both programs. Compared to using COMSOL's built-in reactive transport simulator, PHREEQC additionally calculates adsorption and reaction kinetics and allows the selection of different activity coefficient models in the database. The presented simulation tool will be able to predict the most important aspects of hydraulic, thermal and chemical transport processes relevant to formation damage in ATES systems. We would like to present preliminary results of the structural reservoir model and the hydraulic-thermal-chemical coupling for the demonstration site. Literature: Wissmeier, L. and Barry, D.A., 2011. Simulation tool for variably saturated flow with comprehensive geochemical reactions in two- and three-dimensional domains. Environmental Modelling & Software 26, 210-218.

Surface complexation modeling calculation of Pb(II) adsorption onto the calcined diatomite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Shu-Cui; Zhang, Ji-Lin; Sun, De-Hui; Liu, Gui-Xia

2015-12-01

Removal of noxious heavy metal ions (e.g. Pb(II)) by surface adsorption of minerals (e.g. diatomite) is an important means in the environmental aqueous pollution control. Thus, it is very essential to understand the surface adsorptive behavior and mechanism. In this work, the Pb(II) apparent surface complexation reaction equilibrium constants on the calcined diatomite and distributions of Pb(II) surface species were investigated through modeling calculations of Pb(II) based on diffuse double layer model (DLM) with three amphoteric sites. Batch experiments were used to study the adsorption of Pb(II) onto the calcined diatomite as a function of pH (3.0-7.0) and different ionic strengths (0.05 and 0.1 mol L-1 NaCl) under ambient atmosphere. Adsorption of Pb(II) can be well described by Freundlich isotherm models. The apparent surface complexation equilibrium constants (log K) were obtained by fitting the batch experimental data using the PEST 13.0 together with PHREEQC 3.1.2 codes and there is good agreement between measured and predicted data. Distribution of Pb(II) surface species on the diatomite calculated by PHREEQC 3.1.2 program indicates that the impurity cations (e.g. Al3+, Fe3+, etc.) in the diatomite play a leading role in the Pb(II) adsorption and dominant formation of complexes and additional electrostatic interaction are the main adsorption mechanism of Pb(II) on the diatomite under weak acidic conditions.

Prediction of the effects of soil-based countermeasures on soil solution chemistry of soils contaminated with radiocesium using the hydrogeochemical code PHREEQC.

PubMed

Hormann, Volker; Kirchner, Gerald

2002-04-22

For agriculturally used areas, which are contaminated by the debris from a nuclear accident, the use of chemical amendmends (e.g. potassium chloride and lime) is among the most common soil-based countermeasures. These countermeasures are intended to reduce the plant uptake of radionuclides (mainly 137Cs and 90Sr) by competitive inhibition by chemically similar ions. So far, the impacts of countermeasures on soil solution composition - and thus, their effectiveness - have almost exclusively been established experimentally, since they depend on mineral composition and chemical characteristics of the soil affected. In this study, which focuses on caesium contamination, the well-established code PHREEQC was used as a geochemical model to calculate the changes in the ionic compositions of soil solutions, which result from the application of potassium or ammonium in batch equilibrium experiments. The simple ion exchange model used by PHREEQC was improved by taking into account selective sorption of Cs+, NH4+ and K+ by clay minerals. Calculations were performed with three different initial soil solution compositions, corresponding to particular soil types (loam, sand, peat). For loamy and sandy soils, our calculational results agree well with experimental data reported by Nisbet (Effectiveness of soil-based countermeasures six months and one year after contamination of five diverse soil types with caesium-134 and strontium-90. Contract Report NRPB-M546, National Radiation Protection Board, Chilton, 1995.). For peat, discrepancies were found indicating that for organic soils a reliable set of exchange constants of the relevant cations still has to be determined experimentally. For cesium, however, these discrepancies almost disappeared if selective sites were assumed to be inaccessible. Additionally, results of sensitivity analyses are presented by which the influence of the main soil parameters on Cs+ concentrations in solution after soil treatment has been systematically studied. It is shown that calculating the impacts of soil-based chemical countermeasures on soil solution chemistry using geochemical codes such as PHREEQC offers an attractive alternative to establishing these impacts by often time-consuming and site-specific experiments.

Subsurface Reactive Transport Modelling of the Lateritic Ni mineralization in New Caledonia: A coupled Thermo-Hydro-Geochemical Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Myagkiy, Andrey; Golfier, Fabrice; Truche, Laurent; Cathelineau, Michel

2017-04-01

This research proposes a subsurface reactive geochemical transport modelling of the development of a nickel laterite profile in New Caledonia over the past few million years. Such a regolith formation from ultramafic bedrock was not yet modelled and gives new profound insights into the Ni vertical mobility, its retention processes in a soil profile and relative enrichment, that are still poorly studied. The downward progression of the lateritization front is allowed by the leaching of the soluble elements (Si, Mg and Ni) through drainage system, represented by porous column of peridotite. Particular emphasis is placed on the detailed understanding of Ni redistribution as a function of time and depth triggered by Ni-bearing silicate precipitation (i.e. garnierite) and by sorption or recrystallization process with goethite. Current work consists of the following models: i) 1-D calculations that are done at 25oC with the code PHREEQC associated with the llnl thermodynamic database and ii) 2-D model that handles coupled thermo-hydro-chemical processes and is calculated on the interface Comsol-Phreeqc (iCP, Nardi et al., 2014). The impact of i) fluid flow in fractures and ii) recharge rate along with iii) hydraulic and iv) geothermal gradients are considered here. While the first model gives profound insights into the vertical mobility of metals upon the formation of laterite (Myagkiy et al, submitted), the latter one additionally allows to describe heterogeneities of mineralizing distributions due to the influence of preferential pathways (fractures), convective flows and lateral transfers. Our long-term 1-D simulations (10 Ma) clearly demonstrate that the Ni enrichment and thickening of iron-rich zone are governed by the vertical progression of the pH front. At the same time 2-D modelling shows reactivation of Ni from oxide zone and it subsequent redistribution and concentration in saprolite. Such a model appears to be of importance in attempt of explanation Ni mineralization processes, revealing the main keys to understanding the trace elements mobility in ultramafic environment. Myagkiy A, Truche L, Cathelineau M, Golfier F. "Revealing the conditions of Ni mineralization in laterite profile of New Caledonia: insights from reactive geochemical transport modelling" Preprint submitted to Chemical Geology (September 28, 2016). Nardi A, Idiart A, Trinchero P, de Vries LM, and Molinero J. "Interface COMSOL-PHREEQC (iCP), an efficient numerical framework for the solution of coupled multiphysics and geochemistry."Computers & Geosciences 69 (2014): 10-21.

A new algorithm for design, operation and cost assessment of struvite (MgNH4PO4) precipitation processes.

PubMed

Birnhack, Liat; Nir, Oded; Telzhenski, Marina; Lahav, Ori

2015-01-01

Deliberate struvite (MgNH4PO4) precipitation from wastewater streams has been the topic of extensive research in the last two decades and is expected to gather worldwide momentum in the near future as a P-reuse technique. A wide range of operational alternatives has been reported for struvite precipitation, including the application of various Mg(II) sources, two pH elevation techniques and several Mg:P ratios and pH values. The choice of each operational parameter within the struvite precipitation process affects process efficiency, the overall cost and also the choice of other operational parameters. Thus, a comprehensive simulation program that takes all these parameters into account is essential for process design. This paper introduces a systematic decision-supporting tool which accepts a wide range of possible operational parameters, including unconventional Mg(II) sources (i.e. seawater and seawater nanofiltration brines). The study is supplied with a free-of-charge computerized tool (http://tx.technion.ac.il/~agrengn/agr/Struvite_Program.zip) which links two computer platforms (Python and PHREEQC) for executing thermodynamic calculations according to predefined kinetic considerations. The model can be (inter alia) used for optimizing the struvite-fluidized bed reactor process operation with respect to P removal efficiency, struvite purity and economic feasibility of the chosen alternative. The paper describes the algorithm and its underlying assumptions, and shows results (i.e. effluent water quality, cost breakdown and P removal efficiency) of several case studies consisting of typical wastewaters treated at various operational conditions.

The Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Model (WEBMOD): A TOPMODEL application developed within the Modular Modeling System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Webb, R. M.; Wolock, D. M.; Linard, J. I.; Wieczorek, M. E.

2004-12-01

Process-based flow and transport simulation models can help increase understanding of how hydrologic flow paths affect biogeochemical mixing and reactions in watersheds. This presentation describes the Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Model (WEBMOD), a new model designed to simulate water and chemical transport in both pristine and agricultural watersheds. WEBMOD simulates streamflow using TOPMODEL algorithms and also simulates irrigation, canopy interception, snowpack, and tile-drain flow; these are important processes for successful multi-year simulations of agricultural watersheds. In addition, the hydrologic components of the model are linked to the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) geochemical model PHREEQC such that solute chemistry for the hillslopes and streams also are computed. Model development, execution, and calibration take place within the USGS Modular Modeling System. WEBMOD is being validated at ten research watersheds. Five of these watersheds are nearly pristine and comprise the USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budget (WEBB) Program field sites: Loch Vale, Colorado; Trout Lake, Wisconsin; Sleepers River, Vermont; Panola Mountain, Georgia; and the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. The remaining five watersheds contain intensely cultivated fields being studied by USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program: Merced River, California; Granger Drain, Washington; Maple Creek, Nebraska; Sugar Creek, Indiana; and Morgan Creek, Delaware. Model calibration improved understanding of observed variations in soil moisture, solute concentrations, and stream discharge at the five WEBB watersheds and is now being set up to simulate the processes at the five agricultural watersheds that are now ending their first year of data collection.

Fate and Transport of Nitrogen and Carbon with Decomposition of Organic Matter in a Reduced Paddy Field Based on a Coupled Nitrogen-Carbon Cycling Model Using the HP1 Code

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Toride, N.; Matsuoka, K.

2017-12-01

In order to predict the fate and transport of nitrogen in a reduced paddy field as a result of decomposition of organic matter, we implemented within the PHREEQC program a modified coupled carbon and nitrogen cycling model based on the LEACHM code. SOM decay processes from organic carbon (Org-C) to biomass carbon (Bio-C), humus carbon (Hum-C), and carbon dioxide (CO2) were described using first-order kinetics. Bio-C was recycled into the organic pool. When oxygen was available in an aerobic condition, O2 was used to produce CO2 as an electron accepter. When O2 availability is low, other electron acceptors such as NO3-, Mn4+, Fe3+, SO42-, were used depending on the redox potential. Decomposition of Org-N was related to the carbon cycle using the C/N ratio. Mineralization and immobilization were determined based on available NH4-N and the nitrogen demand for the formation of biomass and humus. Although nitrification was independently described with the first-order decay process, denitrification was linked with the SOM decay since NO3- was an electron accepter for the CO2 production. Proton reactions were coupled with the nitrification from NH4+ to NO3-, and the ammonium generation from NH3 to NH4+. Furthermore, cation and anion exchange reactions were included with the permanent negative charges and the pH dependent variable charges. The carbon and nitrogen cycling model described with PHREEQC was linked with HYDRUS-1D using the HP1 code. Various nitrogen and carbon transport scenarios were demonstrated for the application of organic matter to a saturated paddy soil.

Aqueous geochemistry in icy world interiors: Equilibrium fluid, rock, and gas compositions, and fate of antifreezes and radionuclides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neveu, Marc; Desch, Steven J.; Castillo-Rogez, Julie C.

2017-09-01

The geophysical evolution of many icy moons and dwarf planets seems to have provided opportunities for interaction between liquid water and rock (silicate and organic solids). Here, we explore two ways by which water-rock interaction can feed back on geophysical evolution: the production or consumption of antifreeze compounds, which affect the persistence and abundance of cold liquid; and the potential leaching into the fluid of lithophile radionuclides, affecting the distribution of a long-term heat source. We compile, validate, and use a numerical model, implemented with the PHREEQC code, of the interaction of chondritic rock with pure water and with C, N, S-bearing cometary fluid, thought to be the materials initially accreted by icy worlds, and describe the resulting equilibrium fluid and rock assemblages at temperatures, pressures, and water-to-rock ratios of 0-200 ° C, 1-1000 bar, and 0.1-10 by mass, respectively. Our findings suggest that water-rock interaction can strongly alter the nature and amount of antifreezes, resulting in solutions rich in reduced nitrogen and carbon, and sometimes dissolved H2, with additional sodium, calcium, chlorine, and/or oxidized carbon. Such fluids can remain partially liquid down to 176 K if NH3 is present. The prominence of Cl in solution seems to hinge on its primordial supply in ices, which is unconstrained by the meteoritical record. Equilibrium assemblages, rich in serpentine and saponite clays, retain thorium and uranium radionuclides unless U-Cl or U-HCO3 complexing, which was not modeled, significantly enhances U solubility. However, the radionuclide 40 K can be leached at high water:rock ratio and/or low temperature at which K is exchanged with ammonium in minerals. We recommend the inclusion of these effects in future models of the geophysical evolution of ocean-bearing icy worlds. Our simulation products match observations of chloride salts on Europa and Enceladus; CI chondrites mineralogies; the observation of serpentines, NH4-phyllosilicates, and carbonates on Ceres' surface; and of Na and NH4-carbonate and chloride in Ceres' bright spots. They also match results from previous modeling studies with similar assumptions, and systematically expand these results to heretofore unexplored physico-chemical conditions. This work involved the compilation and careful validation of a comprehensive PHREEQC database, which combines the advantages of the default databases phreeqc.dat (carefully vetted data, molar volumes) and llnl.dat (large diversity of species), and should be of broad use to anyone seeking to model aqueous geochemistry at pressures that differ from 1 bar with PHREEQC.

IRON PRECIPITATION AND ARSENIC ATTENUATION - ASSESSMENT OF ARSENIC NATURAL ATTENUATION OF THE SUBSURFACE USING A GEOCHEMICAL MODEL (PHREEQC)

EPA Science Inventory

Laboratory experiments show that amorphous and poorly crystallized ferric iron hydroxides have much greater capacity to attenuate arsenic compared to clays and other aluminosilicate minerals. Studies (e.g., Lin and Qvarfort, 1996) showed that a sudden change in geochemical condit...

Fate, toxicity and bioconcentration of cadmium on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Lemna minor in mid-term single tests.

PubMed

Clément, Bernard; Lamonica, Dominique

2018-03-01

In the frame of a project which consists in modeling a laboratory microcosm under cadmium pressure, we initiated this study on the fate and effects of cadmium in the presence of either the microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata or the duckweed Lemna minor, two organisms of the microcosm. For each organism, growth inhibition tests on a duration of 2-3 weeks were carried out with the objective of linking effects with total dissolved, ionic and internalized forms of cadmium. Numbers of organisms (algal cells or duckweed fronds) in 2-L beakers filled with synthetic nutritive medium containing EDTA were counted during the course of assays, while cadmium concentrations in the water and in the organisms were measured. Free cadmium fraction was calculated using PHREEQC, a computer program for chemical speciation. Results showed that cadmium toxicity to microalgae could be correlated to the free divalent fraction of this metal, limited by the presence of EDTA, and to its concentration in the organisms. Bioconcentration factors for our medium were suggested for P. subcapitata (111,000 on the basis of free cadmium concentration) and L. minor (17,812 on the basis of total dissolved concentration). No effect concentrations were roughly estimated around 400 µg/g for Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and 200-300 µg/g for Lemna minor. This study is a first step towards a fate model based on chemical speciation for a better understanding of microcosm results.

Porosity Development in a Coastal Setting: A Reactive Transport Model to Assess the Influence of Heterogeneity of Hydrological, Geochemical and Lithological Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maqueda, A.; Renard, P.; Cornaton, F. J.

2014-12-01

Coastal karst networks are formed by mineral dissolution, mainly calcite, in the freshwater-saltwater mixing zone. The problem has been approached first by studying the kinetics of calcite dissolution and then coupling ion-pairing software with flow and mass transport models. Porosity development models require high computational power. A workaround to reduce computational complexity is to assume the calcite dissolution reaction is relatively fast, thus equilibrium chemistry can be used to model it (Sanford & Konikow, 1989). Later developments allowed the full coupling of kinetics and transport in a model. However kinetics effects of calcite dissolution were found negligible under the single set of assumed hydrological and geochemical boundary conditions. A model is implemented with the coupling of FeFlow software as the flow & transport module and PHREEQC4FEFLOW (Wissmeier, 2013) ion-pairing module. The model is used to assess the influence of heterogeneities in hydrological, geochemical and lithological boundary conditions on porosity evolution. The hydrologic conditions present in the karst aquifer of Quintana Roo coast in Mexico are used as a guide for generating inputs for simulations.

Experimental alteration of artificial and natural impact melt rock from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure

USGS Publications Warehouse

Declercq, J.; Dypvik, H.; Aagaard, Per; Jahren, J.; Ferrell, R.E.; Horton, J. Wright

2009-01-01

The alteration or transformation of impact melt rock to clay minerals, particularly smectite, has been recognized in several impact structures (e.g., Ries, Chicxulub, Mj??lnir). We studied the experimental alteration of two natural impact melt rocks from suevite clasts that were recovered from drill cores into the Chesapeake Bay impact structure and two synthetic glasses. These experiments were conducted at hydrothermal temperature (265 ??C) in order to reproduce conditions found in meltbearing deposits in the first thousand years after deposition. The experimental results were compared to geochemical modeling (PHREEQC) of the same alteration and to original mineral assemblages in the natural melt rock samples. In the alteration experiments, clay minerals formed on the surfaces of the melt particles and as fine-grained suspended material. Authigenic expanding clay minerals (saponite and Ca-smectite) and vermiculite/chlorite (clinochlore) were identified in addition to analcime. Ferripyrophyllite was formed in three of four experiments. Comparable minerals were predicted in the PHREEQC modeling. A comparison between the phases formed in our experiments and those in the cores suggests that the natural alteration occurred under hydrothermal conditions similar to those reproduced in the experiment. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.

Direct measurement of CO2 solubility and pH in NaCl hydrothermal solutions by combining in-situ potentiometry and Raman spectroscopy up to 280 °C and 150 bar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Truche, Laurent; Bazarkina, Elena F.; Berger, Gilles; Caumon, Marie-Camille; Bessaque, Gilles; Dubessy, Jean

2016-03-01

The in-situ monitoring of aqueous solution chemistry at elevated temperatures and pressures is a major challenge in geochemistry. Here, we combined for the first time in-situ Raman spectroscopy for concentration measurements and potentiometry for pH measurement in a single hydrothermal cell equipped with sampling systems and operating under controlled conditions of temperature and pressure. Dissolved CO2 concentration and pH were measured at temperatures up to 280 °C and pressures up to 150 bar in the H2O-CO2 and H2O-CO2-NaCl systems. A Pitzer specific-ion-interaction aqueous model was developed and confirmed the accuracy and consistency of the measurements, at least up to 250 °C. The revised Pitzer parameters for the H2O-CO2-NaCl system were formatted for the Phreeqc geochemical software. Significant changes with respect to the Pitzer.dat database currently associated with Phreeqc were observed. The new model parameters are now available for further applications. The Raman and pH probes tested here may also be applied to field monitoring of hydrothermal springs, geothermal wells, and oil and gas boreholes.

A Physically Based Coupled Chemical and Physical Weathering Model for Simulating Soilscape Evolution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Willgoose, G. R.; Welivitiya, D.; Hancock, G. R.

2015-12-01

A critical missing link in existing landscape evolution models is a dynamic soil evolution models where soils co-evolve with the landform. Work by the authors over the last decade has demonstrated a computationally manageable model for soil profile evolution (soilscape evolution) based on physical weathering. For chemical weathering it is clear that full geochemistry models such as CrunchFlow and PHREEQC are too computationally intensive to be couplable to existing soilscape and landscape evolution models. This paper presents a simplification of CrunchFlow chemistry and physics that makes the task feasible, and generalises it for hillslope geomorphology applications. Results from this simplified model will be compared with field data for soil pedogenesis. Other researchers have previously proposed a number of very simple weathering functions (e.g. exponential, humped, reverse exponential) as conceptual models of the in-profile weathering process. The paper will show that all of these functions are possible for specific combinations of in-soil environmental, geochemical and geologic conditions, and the presentation will outline the key variables controlling which of these conceptual models can be realistic models of in-profile processes and under what conditions. The presentation will finish by discussing the coupling of this model with a physical weathering model, and will show sample results from our SSSPAM soilscape evolution model to illustrate the implications of including chemical weathering in the soilscape evolution model.

A Thermodynamically-consistent FBA-based Approach to Biogeochemical Reaction Modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shapiro, B.; Jin, Q.

2015-12-01

Microbial rates are critical to understanding biogeochemical processes in natural environments. Recently, flux balance analysis (FBA) has been applied to predict microbial rates in aquifers and other settings. FBA is a genome-scale constraint-based modeling approach that computes metabolic rates and other phenotypes of microorganisms. This approach requires a prior knowledge of substrate uptake rates, which is not available for most natural microbes. Here we propose to constrain substrate uptake rates on the basis of microbial kinetics. Specifically, we calculate rates of respiration (and fermentation) using a revised Monod equation; this equation accounts for both the kinetics and thermodynamics of microbial catabolism. Substrate uptake rates are then computed from the rates of respiration, and applied to FBA to predict rates of microbial growth. We implemented this method by linking two software tools, PHREEQC and COBRA Toolbox. We applied this method to acetotrophic methanogenesis by Methanosarcina barkeri, and compared the simulation results to previous laboratory observations. The new method constrains acetate uptake by accounting for the kinetics and thermodynamics of methanogenesis, and predicted well the observations of previous experiments. In comparison, traditional methods of dynamic-FBA constrain acetate uptake on the basis of enzyme kinetics, and failed to reproduce the experimental results. These results show that microbial rate laws may provide a better constraint than enzyme kinetics for applying FBA to biogeochemical reaction modeling.

Equilibrium, kinetic, and reactive transport models for plutonium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schwantes, Jon Michael

Equilibrium, kinetic, and reactive transport models for plutonium (Pu) have been developed to help meet environmental concerns posed by past war-related and present and future peacetime nuclear technologies. A thorough review of the literature identified several hurdles that needed to be overcome in order to develop capable predictive tools for Pu. These hurdles include: (1) missing or ill-defined chemical equilibrium and kinetic constants for environmentally important Pu species; (2) no adequate conceptual model describing the formation of Pu oxy/hydroxide colloids and solids; and (3) an inability of two-phase reactive transport models to adequately simulate Pu behavior in the presence of colloids. A computer program called INVRS K was developed that integrates the geochemical modeling software of PHREEQC with a nonlinear regression routine. This program provides a tool for estimating equilibrium and kinetic constants from experimental data. INVRS K was used to regress on binding constants for Pu sorbing onto various mineral and humic surfaces. These constants enhance the thermodynamic database for Pu and improve the capability of current predictive tools. Time and temperature studies of the Pu intrinsic colloid were also conducted and results of these studies were presented here. Formation constants for the fresh and aged Pu intrinsic colloid were regressed upon using INVRS K. From these results, it was possible to develop a cohesive diagenetic model that describes the formation of Pu oxy/hydroxide colloids and solids. This model provides for the first time a means of deciphering historically unexplained observations with respect to the Pu intrinsic colloid, as well as a basis for simulating the behavior within systems containing these solids. Discussion of the development and application of reactive transport models is also presented and includes: (1) the general application of a 1-D in flow, three-phase (i.e., dissolved, solid, and colloidal), reactive transport model; (2) a simulation of the effects of dissolution of PuO2 solid and radiolysis on the behavior of Pu diffusing out of a confined pore space; and (3) application of a steady-state three phase reactive transport model to groundwater at the Nevada Test Site.

Assessing the efficiency of a coastal Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) system in Cyprus.

PubMed

Tzoraki, Ourania; Dokou, Zoi; Christodoulou, George; Gaganis, Petros; Karatzas, George

2018-06-01

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is becoming an attractive water management option, with more than 223 sites operating in European countries. The quality of the produced water, available for drinking or irrigation processes is strongly depended on the aquifer's hydrogeochemical characteristics and on the MAR system design and operation. The objective of this project is the assessment of the operation efficiency of a MAR system in Cyprus. The coupling of alternative methodologies is used such as water quality monitoring, micro-scale sediment sorption experiments, simulation of groundwater flow and phosphate and copper transport in the subsurface using the FEFLOW model and evaluation of the observed change in the chemical composition of water due to mixing using the geochemical model PHREEQC. The above methodology is tested in the Ezousa MAR project in Cyprus, where treated effluent from the Paphos Waste Water Treatment Plant, is recharged into the aquifer through five sets of artificial ponds along the riverbed. Additionally, groundwater is pumped for irrigation purposes from wells located nearby. A slight attenuation of nutrients is observed, whereas copper in groundwater is overcoming the EPA standards. The FEFLOW simulations reveal no effective mixing in some intermediate infiltration ponds, which is validated by the inverse modeling simulation of the PHREEQC model. Based on the results, better control of the infiltration capacity of some of the ponds and increased travel times are some suggestions that could improve the efficiency of the system. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Toxicity assessment and geochemical model of chromium leaching from AOD slag.

PubMed

Liu, Bao; Li, Junguo; Zeng, Yanan; Wang, Ziming

2016-02-01

AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization) slag is a by-product of the stainless steel refining process. The leaching toxicity of chromium from AOD slag cannot be ignored in the recycling process of the AOD slag. To assess the leaching toxicity of the AOD slag, batch leaching tests have been performed. PHREEQC simulations combined with FactSage were carried out based on the detailed mineralogical analysis and petrophysical data. Moreover, Pourbaix diagram of the Cr-H2O system was protracted by HSC 5.0 software to explore the chromium speciation in leachates. It was found that AOD slag leachate is an alkaline and reductive solution. The Pourbaix diagram of the Cr-H2O system indicated that trivalent chromium, such as Cr(OH)4(-), is the major chromium species in the experimental Eh-pH region considered. However, toxic hexavalent chromium was released with maximum concentrations of 30 µg L(-1) and 18 µg L(-1) at L/S 10 and 100, respectively, during the earlier leaching stage. It concluded that the AOD slag possessed a certain leaching toxicity. After 10 d of leaching, trivalent chromium was the dominant species in the leachates, which corresponded to the results of PHREEQC simulation. Leaching toxicity of AOD slag is based on the chromium speciation and its transformation. Great attention should be focused on such factors as aging, crystal form of chromium-enriched minerals, and electrochemical characteristics of the leachates. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

VS2DRTI: Simulating Heat and Reactive Solute Transport in Variably Saturated Porous Media.

PubMed

Healy, Richard W; Haile, Sosina S; Parkhurst, David L; Charlton, Scott R

2018-01-29

Variably saturated groundwater flow, heat transport, and solute transport are important processes in environmental phenomena, such as the natural evolution of water chemistry of aquifers and streams, the storage of radioactive waste in a geologic repository, the contamination of water resources from acid-rock drainage, and the geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide. Up to now, our ability to simulate these processes simultaneously with fully coupled reactive transport models has been limited to complex and often difficult-to-use models. To address the need for a simple and easy-to-use model, the VS2DRTI software package has been developed for simulating water flow, heat transport, and reactive solute transport through variably saturated porous media. The underlying numerical model, VS2DRT, was created by coupling the flow and transport capabilities of the VS2DT and VS2DH models with the equilibrium and kinetic reaction capabilities of PhreeqcRM. Flow capabilities include two-dimensional, constant-density, variably saturated flow; transport capabilities include both heat and multicomponent solute transport; and the reaction capabilities are a complete implementation of geochemical reactions of PHREEQC. The graphical user interface includes a preprocessor for building simulations and a postprocessor for visual display of simulation results. To demonstrate the simulation of multiple processes, the model is applied to a hypothetical example of injection of heated waste water to an aquifer with temperature-dependent cation exchange. VS2DRTI is freely available public domain software. © 2018, National Ground Water Association.

Detection analysis of surface hydroxyl active sites and simulation calculation of the surface dissociation constants of aqueous diatomite suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Shu-Cui; Wang, Zhi-Gang; Zhang, Ji-Lin; Sun, De-Hui; Liu, Gui-Xia

2015-02-01

The surface properties of the diatomite were investigated using nitrogen adsorption/deadsorption isotherms, TG-DSC, FTIR, and XPS, and surface protonation-deprotonation behavior was determined by continuous acid-base potentiometric titration technique. The diatomite sample with porous honeycomb structure has a BET specific surface area of 10.21 m2/g and large numbers of surface hydroxyl functional groups (i.e. tbnd Si-OH, tbnd Fe-OH, and tbnd Al-OH). These surface hydroxyls can be protonated or deprotonated depending on the pH of the suspension. The experimental potentiometric data in two different ionic strength solutions (0.1 and 0.05 mol/L NaCl) were fitted using ProtoFit GUI V2.1 program by applying diffuse double layer model (DLM) with three amphoteric sites and minimizing the sum of squares between a dataset derivative function and a model derivative function. The optimized surface parameters (i.e. surface dissociation constants (log K1, log K2) and surface site concentrations (log C)) of the sample were obtained. Based on the optimized surface parameters, the surface species distribution was calculated using Program-free PHREEQC 3.1.2. Thus, this work reveals considerable new information about surface protonation-deprotonation processes and surface adsorptive behaviors of the diatomite, which helps us to effectively use the cheap and cheerful diatomite clay adsorbent.

Reactive transport modeling in the subsurface environment with OGS-IPhreeqc

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Wenkui; Beyer, Christof; Fleckenstein, Jan; Jang, Eunseon; Kalbacher, Thomas; Naumov, Dimitri; Shao, Haibing; Wang, Wenqing; Kolditz, Olaf

2015-04-01

Worldwide, sustainable water resource management becomes an increasingly challenging task due to the growth of population and extensive applications of fertilizer in agriculture. Moreover, climate change causes further stresses to both water quantity and quality. Reactive transport modeling in the coupled soil-aquifer system is a viable approach to assess the impacts of different land use and groundwater exploitation scenarios on the water resources. However, the application of this approach is usually limited in spatial scale and to simplified geochemical systems due to the huge computational expense involved. Such computational expense is not only caused by solving the high non-linearity of the initial boundary value problems of water flow in the unsaturated zone numerically with rather fine spatial and temporal discretization for the correct mass balance and numerical stability, but also by the intensive computational task of quantifying geochemical reactions. In the present study, a flexible and efficient tool for large scale reactive transport modeling in variably saturated porous media and its applications are presented. The open source scientific software OpenGeoSys (OGS) is coupled with the IPhreeqc module of the geochemical solver PHREEQC. The new coupling approach makes full use of advantages from both codes: OGS provides a flexible choice of different numerical approaches for simulation of water flow in the vadose zone such as the pressure-based or mixed forms of Richards equation; whereas the IPhreeqc module leads to a simplification of data storage and its communication with OGS, which greatly facilitates the coupling and code updating. Moreover, a parallelization scheme with MPI (Message Passing Interface) is applied, in which the computational task of water flow and mass transport is partitioned through domain decomposition, whereas the efficient parallelization of geochemical reactions is achieved by smart allocation of computational workload over multiple compute nodes. The plausibility of the new coupling is verified by several benchmark tests. In addition, the efficiency of the new coupling approach is demonstrated by its application in a large scale scenario, in which the environmental fate of pesticides in a complex soil-aquifer system is studied.

Reactive transport modeling in variably saturated porous media with OGS-IPhreeqc

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, W.; Beyer, C.; Fleckenstein, J. H.; Jang, E.; Kalbacher, T.; Shao, H.; Wang, W.; Kolditz, O.

2014-12-01

Worldwide, sustainable water resource management becomes an increasingly challenging task due to the growth of population and extensive applications of fertilizer in agriculture. Moreover, climate change causes further stresses to both water quantity and quality. Reactive transport modeling in the coupled soil-aquifer system is a viable approach to assess the impacts of different land use and groundwater exploitation scenarios on the water resources. However, the application of this approach is usually limited in spatial scale and to simplified geochemical systems due to the huge computational expense involved. Such computational expense is not only caused by solving the high non-linearity of the initial boundary value problems of water flow in the unsaturated zone numerically with rather fine spatial and temporal discretization for the correct mass balance and numerical stability, but also by the intensive computational task of quantifying geochemical reactions. In the present study, a flexible and efficient tool for large scale reactive transport modeling in variably saturated porous media and its applications are presented. The open source scientific software OpenGeoSys (OGS) is coupled with the IPhreeqc module of the geochemical solver PHREEQC. The new coupling approach makes full use of advantages from both codes: OGS provides a flexible choice of different numerical approaches for simulation of water flow in the vadose zone such as the pressure-based or mixed forms of Richards equation; whereas the IPhreeqc module leads to a simplification of data storage and its communication with OGS, which greatly facilitates the coupling and code updating. Moreover, a parallelization scheme with MPI (Message Passing Interface) is applied, in which the computational task of water flow and mass transport is partitioned through domain decomposition, whereas the efficient parallelization of geochemical reactions is achieved by smart allocation of computational workload over multiple compute nodes. The plausibility of the new coupling is verified by several benchmark tests. In addition, the efficiency of the new coupling approach is demonstrated by its application in a large scale scenario, in which the environmental fate of pesticides in a complex soil-aquifer system is studied.

Chemical considerations for an updated National assessment of brackish groundwater resources

USGS Publications Warehouse

McMahon, Peter B.; Böhlke, John Karl; Dahm, Katharine; Parkhurst, David L.; Anning, David W.; Stanton, Jennifer S.

2016-01-01

Brackish groundwater (BGW) is increasingly used for water supplies where fresh water is scarce, but the distribution and availability of such resources have not been characterized at the national scale in the United States since the 1960s. Apart from its distribution and accessibility, BGW usability is a function of the chemical requirements of the intended use, chemical characteristics of the resource, and treatment options to make the resource compatible with the use. Here, we discuss relations between these three chemical factors using national-scale examples and local case studies. In a preliminary compilation of BGW data in the United States, five water types accounted for the major-ion composition of 70% of samples. PHREEQC calculations indicate that 57–77% of samples were oversaturated with respect to barite, calcite, or chalcedony. In the study, 5–14% of samples had concentrations of arsenic, fluoride, nitrate, or uranium that exceeded drinking-water standards. In case studies of the potential use of BGW for drinking water, irrigation, and hydraulic fracturing, PHREEQC simulations of a hypothetical treatment process resembling reverse osmosis (RO) showed that BGW had the potential to form various assemblages of mineral deposits (scale) during treatment that could adversely affect RO membranes. Speciation calculations showed that most boron in the irrigation example occurred as boric acid, which has relatively low removal efficiency by RO. Results of this preliminary study indicate that effective national or regional assessments of BGW resources should include geochemical characterizations that are guided in part by specific use and treatment requirements.

Leaching potential of pervious concrete and immobilization of Cu, Pb and Zn using pervious concrete.

PubMed

Solpuker, U; Sheets, J; Kim, Y; Schwartz, F W

2014-06-01

This paper investigates the leaching potential of pervious concrete and its capacity for immobilizing Cu, Pb and Zn, which are common contaminants in urban runoff. Batch experiments showed that the leachability of Cu, Pb and Zn increased when pH<8. According to PHREEQC equilibrium modeling, the leaching of major ions and trace metals was mainly controlled by the dissolution/precipitation and surface complexation reactions, respectively. A 1-D reactive transport experiment was undertaken to better understand how pervious concrete might function to attenuate contaminant migration. A porous concrete block was sprayed with low pH water (pH=4.3±0.1) for 190 h. The effluent was highly alkaline (pH~10 to 12). In the first 50 h, specific conductance and trace-metal were high but declined towards steady state values. PHREEQC modeling showed that mixing of interstitial alkaline matrix waters with capillary pore water was required in order to produce the observed water chemistry. The interstitial pore solutions seem responsible for the high pH values and relatively high concentrations of trace metals and major cations in the early stages of the experiment. Finally, pervious concrete was sprayed with a synthetic contaminated urban runoff (10 ppb Cu, Pb and Zn) with a pH of 4.3±0.1 for 135 h. It was found that Pb immobilization was greater than either Cu or Zn. Zn is the most mobile among three and also has the highest variation in the observed degree of immobilization. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Three-dimensional model for multi-component reactive transport with variable density groundwater flow

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mao, X.; Prommer, H.; Barry, D.A.; Langevin, C.D.; Panteleit, B.; Li, L.

2006-01-01

PHWAT is a new model that couples a geochemical reaction model (PHREEQC-2) with a density-dependent groundwater flow and solute transport model (SEAWAT) using the split-operator approach. PHWAT was developed to simulate multi-component reactive transport in variable density groundwater flow. Fluid density in PHWAT depends not on only the concentration of a single species as in SEAWAT, but also the concentrations of other dissolved chemicals that can be subject to reactive processes. Simulation results of PHWAT and PHREEQC-2 were compared in their predictions of effluent concentration from a column experiment. Both models produced identical results, showing that PHWAT has correctly coupled the sub-packages. PHWAT was then applied to the simulation of a tank experiment in which seawater intrusion was accompanied by cation exchange. The density dependence of the intrusion and the snow-plough effect in the breakthrough curves were reflected in the model simulations, which were in good agreement with the measured breakthrough data. Comparison simulations that, in turn, excluded density effects and reactions allowed us to quantify the marked effect of ignoring these processes. Next, we explored numerical issues involved in the practical application of PHWAT using the example of a dense plume flowing into a tank containing fresh water. It was shown that PHWAT could model physically unstable flow and that numerical instabilities were suppressed. Physical instability developed in the model in accordance with the increase of the modified Rayleigh number for density-dependent flow, in agreement with previous research. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Solid phase studies and geochemical modelling of low-cost permeable reactive barriers.

PubMed

Bartzas, Georgios; Komnitsas, Kostas

2010-11-15

A continuous column experiment was carried out under dynamic flow conditions in order to study the efficiency of low-cost permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) to remove several inorganic contaminants from acidic solutions. A 50:50 w/w waste iron/sand mixture was used as candidate reactive media in order to activate precipitation and promote sorption and reduction-oxidation mechanisms. Solid phase studies of the exhausted reactive products after column shutdown, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), confirmed that the principal Fe corrosion products identified in the reactive zone are amorphous iron (hydr)oxides (maghemite/magnetite and goethite), intermediate products (sulfate green rust), and amorphous metal sulfides such as amFeS and/or mackinawite. Geochemical modelling of the metal removal processes, including interactions between reactive media, heavy metal ions and sulfates, and interpretation of the ionic profiles was also carried out by using the speciation/mass transfer computer code PHREEQC-2 and the WATEQ4F database. Mineralogical characterization studies as well as geochemical modelling calculations also indicate that the effect of sulfate and silica sand on the efficiency of the reactive zone should be considered carefully during design and operation of low-cost field PRBs. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Experimental validation of Swy-2 clay standard's PHREEQC model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Szabó, Zsuzsanna; Hegyfalvi, Csaba; Freiler, Ágnes; Udvardi, Beatrix; Kónya, Péter; Székely, Edit; Falus, György

2017-04-01

One of the challenges of the present century is to limit the greenhouse gas emissions for the mitigation of climate change which is possible for example by a transitional technology, CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) and, among others, by the increase of nuclear proportion in the energy mix. Clay minerals are considered to be responsible for the low permeability and sealing capacity of caprocks sealing off stored CO2 and they are also the main constituents of bentonite in high level radioactive waste disposal facilities. The understanding of clay behaviour in these deep geological environments is possible through laboratory batch experiments of well-known standards and coupled geochemical models. Such experimentally validated models are scarce even though they allow deriving more precise long-term predictions of mineral reactions and rock and bentonite degradation underground and, therefore, ensuring the safety of the above technologies and increase their public acceptance. This ongoing work aims to create a kinetic geochemical model of Na-montmorillonite standard Swy-2 in the widely used PHREEQC code, supported by solution and mineral composition results from batch experiments. Several four days experiments have been carried out in 1:35 rock:water ratio at atmospheric conditions, and with inert and CO2 supercritical phase at 100 bar and 80 ⁰C relevant for the potential Hungarian CO2 reservoir complex. Solution samples have been taken during and after experiments and their compositions were measured by ICP-OES. The treated solid phase has been analysed by XRD and ATR-FTIR and compared to in-parallel measured references (dried Swy-2). Kinetic geochemical modelling of the experimental conditions has been performed by PHREEQC version 3 using equations and kinetic rate parameters from the USGS report of Palandri and Kharaka (2004). The visualization of experimental and numerous modelling results has been automatized by R. Experiments and models show very fast reactions under the studied conditions and increased reactivity in presence of scCO2. A model sensitivity analysis has pointed out that the continuously changing solution composition results cannot be described by the change of the uncertain reactive surface area of mineral phases in the model and still several orders of magnitude different ion-concentrations are predicted. However, by considering the clay standard's cation exchange capacity divided proportionally among interlayer cations of Na-montmorillonite, the measured variation can be described on an order of magnitude level. It is furthermore indicated that not only the interlayer cations take part in this process but a minor proportion of other, structural ions as well, differently in the reference and scCO2 environments. Experimental methodological aspects of the work, such as solution sampling, solid sample post-experimental treatment, solution and solid sample analysis sensitivity, expected experimental by-products etc. are also to be addressed.

Modelling the leaching of Pb, Cd, As, and Cr from cementitious waste using PHREEQC.

PubMed

Halim, Cheryl E; Short, Stephen A; Scott, Jason A; Amal, Rose; Low, Gary

2005-10-17

A leaching model was developed using the United States Geological Survey public domain PHREEQC geochemical package to simulate the leaching of Pb, Cd, As, and Cr from cementitious wastes. The model utilises both kinetic terms and equilibrium thermodynamics of key compounds and provides information on leachate and precipitate speciation. The model was able to predict the leaching of Pb, Cd, As, and Cr from cement in the presence of both simple (0.1 and 0.6M acetic acid) and complex municipal landfill leachates. Heavy metal complexation by the municipal landfill leachate was accounted for by the introduction of a monoprotic organic species into the model. The model indicated Pb and As were predominantly incorporated within the calcium silicate hydrate matrix while a greater portion of Cd was seen to exist as discrete particles in the cement pores and Cr (VI) existed mostly as free CrO4(2-) ions. Precipitation was found to be the dominant mechanism controlling heavy metal solubility with carbonate and silicate species governing the solubility of Pb and carbonate, silicate and hydroxide species governing the solubility of Cd. In the presence of acetic acid, at low pH values Pb and Cd acetate complexes were predominant whereas, at high pH values, hydroxide species dominated. At high pH values, the concentration of As in the leachate was governed by the solubility of Ca3(AsO4)2 with the presence of carbonate alkalinity competing with arsenate for Ca ions. In the presence of municipal landfill leachate, Pb and Cd organic complexes dominated the heavy metal species in solution. The reduction of As and Cr in municipal landfill leachate was crucial for determining aqueous speciation, with typical municipal landfill conditions providing the reduced forms of As and Cr.

Reactive transport modeling at uranium in situ recovery sites: uncertainties in uranium sorption on iron hydroxides

USGS Publications Warehouse

Johnson, Raymond H.; Tutu, Hlanganani; Brown, Adrian; Figueroa, Linda; Wolkersdorfer, Christian

2013-01-01

Geochemical changes that can occur down gradient from uranium in situ recovery (ISR) sites are important for various stakeholders to understand when evaluating potential effects on surrounding groundwater quality. If down gradient solid-phase material consists of sandstone with iron hydroxide coatings (no pyrite or organic carbon), sorption of uranium on iron hydroxides can control uranium mobility. Using one-dimensional reactive transport models with PHREEQC, two different geochemical databases, and various geochemical parameters, the uncertainties in uranium sorption on iron hydroxides are evaluated, because these oxidized zones create a greater risk for future uranium transport than fully reduced zones where uranium generally precipitates.

PHT3D-UZF: A reactive transport model for variably-saturated porous media

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wu, Ming Zhi; Post, Vincent E. A.; Salmon, S. Ursula; Morway, Eric D.; Prommer, H.

2016-01-01

A modified version of the MODFLOW/MT3DMS-based reactive transport model PHT3D was developed to extend current reactive transport capabilities to the variably-saturated component of the subsurface system and incorporate diffusive reactive transport of gaseous species. Referred to as PHT3D-UZF, this code incorporates flux terms calculated by MODFLOW's unsaturated-zone flow (UZF1) package. A volume-averaged approach similar to the method used in UZF-MT3DMS was adopted. The PHREEQC-based computation of chemical processes within PHT3D-UZF in combination with the analytical solution method of UZF1 allows for comprehensive reactive transport investigations (i.e., biogeochemical transformations) that jointly involve saturated and unsaturated zone processes. Intended for regional-scale applications, UZF1 simulates downward-only flux within the unsaturated zone. The model was tested by comparing simulation results with those of existing numerical models. The comparison was performed for several benchmark problems that cover a range of important hydrological and reactive transport processes. A 2D simulation scenario was defined to illustrate the geochemical evolution following dewatering in a sandy acid sulfate soil environment. Other potential applications include the simulation of biogeochemical processes in variably-saturated systems that track the transport and fate of agricultural pollutants, nutrients, natural and xenobiotic organic compounds and micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, as well as the evolution of isotope patterns.

Geochemical modeling of mercury speciation in surface water and implications on mercury cycling in the everglades wetland.

PubMed

Jiang, Ping; Liu, Guangliang; Cui, Wenbin; Cai, Yong

2018-06-01

The geochemical model PHREEQC, abbreviated from PH (pH), RE (redox), EQ (equilibrium), and C (program written in C), was employed on the datasets generated by the USEPA Everglades Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (R-EMAP) to determine the speciation distribution of inorganic mercury (iHg) in Everglades water and to explore the implications of iHg speciation on mercury cycling. The results suggest that sulfide and DOM were the key factors that regulate inorganic Hg speciation in the Everglades. When sulfide was present at measurable concentrations (>0.02 mg/L), Hg-S complexes dominated iHg species, occurring in the forms of HgS 2 2- , HgHS 2 - , and Hg(HS) 2 that were affected by a variety of environmental factors. When sulfide was assumed nonexistent, Hg-DOM complexes occurred as the predominant Hg species, accounting for almost 100% of iHg species. However, when sulfide was presumably present at a very low, environmentally relevant concentration (3.2 × 10 -7  mg/L), both Hg-DOM and Hg-S complexes were present as the major iHg species. These Hg-S species and Hg-DOM complex could be related to methylmercury (MeHg) in environmental matrices such floc, periphyton, and soil, and the correlations are dependent upon different circumstances (e.g., sulfide concentrations). The implications of the distribution of iHg species on MeHg production and fate in the Everglades were discussed. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Teaching Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry in the 21st Century: Instructional Resources for Geoscience Faculty

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mogk, D. W.; Beane, R. J.; Whitney, D. L.; Nicolaysen, K. E.; Panero, W. R.; Peck, W. H.

2011-12-01

Mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry (MPG) are pillars of the geoscience curriculum because of their relevance in interpreting Earth history and processes, application to geo-hazards, resources, and environmental issues, and contributions to emerging fields such as geology and human health. To keep faculty current in scientific advances in these fields, and in modern instructional methods, the On the Cutting Edge program convened a workshop at the University of Minnesota in August, 2011. This workshop builds on the previous 15 year's work that has been focused on identifying, aggregating, and developing high-quality collections of teaching activities and related resources, and in building a community of scholars in support of excellence in instruction in MPG courses. The goals of the workshop were to: a) develop an integrated, comprehensive and reviewed curriculum for MPG courses, and to seek ways to make connections with the larger geoscience curriculum; b) to explore emerging topics in MPG such as geobiology and climate change; c) demonstrate effective methods in teaching MPG in the context of Earth system science; d) share effective teaching activities and strategies for the classroom, laboratory and field including advances in pedagogy, assessments and research on learning; e) keep faculty current on recent advances in mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry research and to apply these findings to our teaching; f) explore and utilize current societal and global issues that intersect mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry to heighten the relevancy of course content for students; and h) meet colleagues and foster future teaching and research collaborations. A significant outcome of this workshop is a peer reviewed of collection of 300+ existing teaching activities, and a gap analysis to identify teaching activities needed to make these collections comprehensive and coherent. In addition, a series of thematic collections were developed to assist high priority areas of teaching MPG (e.g. MPG in Introductory Geoscience Courses-Beyond "Rocks in a Box"; thermobarometry programs). All demonstrations and presentations made at the workshop are accessible from the workshop webpage, including a wide variety of active learning exercises and demonstrations of modern computer applications (e.g. SHAPE, ATOMS, CrystalMaker, MELTS, Theriak-Domino, Perplex, TWQ, Google Earth and Gigapans, and PHREEQC). A post-workshop field trip to the Precambrian rocks of northern Minnesota focused on effective teaching and learning in the field. We encourage the geoscience community to use these online resources, and please consider contributing additional teaching activities and resources to these collections.

Using Reactive Transport Modeling to Understand Changes in Electrical Conductivity Associated with Bacterial Growth and Respiration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Regberg, A. B.; Singha, K.; Picardal, F.; Brantley, S. L.

2011-12-01

Previous research has linked measured changes in the bulk electrical conductivity (σb) of water-saturated sediments to the respiration and growth of anaerobic bacteria. If the mechanism causing this signal is understood and characterized it could be used to identify and monitor zones of bacterial activity in the subsurface. The 1-D reactive transport model PHREEQC was used to understand σb signals by modeling chemical gradients within two column reactors and corresponding changes in effluent chemistry. The flow-through column reactors were packed with Fe(III)-bearing sediment from Oyster, VA and inoculated with an environmental consortia of microorganisms. Influent in the first reactor was amended with 1mM Na-acetate to encourage the growth of iron-reducing bacteria. Influent in the second reactor was amended with 0.1mM Na-Acetate and 2mM NaNO3 to encourage the growth of nitrate-reducing bacteria. While effluent concentrations of acetate, Fe(II), NO3-, NO2-, and NH4+ remained at steady state, we measured a 3-fold increase (0.055 S/m - 0.2 S/m) in σb in the iron-reducing column and a 10-fold increase in σb (0.07 S/m - 0.8 S/m) in the nitrate-reducing column over 198 days. The ionic strength in both reactors remained constant through time indicating that the measured increases in σb were not caused by changing effluent concentrations. PHREEQC successfully matched the measured changes in effluent concentrations for both columns when the reaction database was modified in the following manner. For the iron-reducing column, kinetic expressions governing the rate of iron reduction, the rate of bacterial growth, and the production of methane were added to the reaction database. Additionally, surface adsorption and cation exchange reactions were added so that the model was consistent with measured effluent chemistry. For the nitrate-reducing column, kinetic expressions governing nitrate reduction and bacterial growth were added to the reaction database. Additionally, immobile porosity was added along with adsorption and cation exchange reactions. Although the model revealed the existence of chemical and biological gradients within the columns that were not discernable as changes in effluent concentrations, none of the chemical reactions or gradients could explain the measured σb increases in either column. This result is not consistent with chemical gradients within the column reactor causing the measured changes in σb. To test the alternate hypothesis that microbial biofilms are electrically conductive, we used the output from PHREEQC to calculate the amount of biomass produced within the column reactors. If biofilm causes the σb changes, our model is consistent with an electrical conductivity for biomass in the iron-reducing column between 2.75 and 220 S/m. The model is also consistent with an electrical conductivity for biomass in the nitrate-reducing column between 350 and 35,000 S/m. These estimates of biomass electrical conductivity are poorly constrained but represent a first step towards understanding the electrical properties associated with respiring biofilms.

Groundwater Arsenic Adsorption on Granular TiO2: Integrating Atomic Structure, Filtration, and Health Impact.

PubMed

Hu, Shan; Shi, Qiantao; Jing, Chuanyong

2015-08-18

A pressing challenge in arsenic (As) adsorptive filtration is to decipher how the As atomic surface structure obtained in the laboratory can be used to accurately predict the field filtration cycle. The motivation of this study was therefore to integrate molecular level As adsorption mechanisms and capacities to predict effluent As from granular TiO2 columns in the field as well as its health impacts. Approximately 2,955 bed volumes of groundwater with an average of 542 μg/L As were filtered before the effluent As concentration exceeded 10 μg/L, corresponding to an adsorption capacity of 1.53 mg As/g TiO2. After regeneration, the TiO2 column could treat 2,563 bed volumes of groundwater, resulting in an As load of 1.36 mg/g TiO2. Column filtration and EXAFS results showed that among coexisting ions present in groundwater, only Ca(2+), Si(OH)4, and HCO3(-) would interfere with As adsorption. The compound effects of coexisting ions and molecular level structural information were incorporated in the PHREEQC program to satisfactorily predict the As breakthrough curves. The total urinary As concentration from four volunteers of local residences, ranging from 972 to 2,080 μg/L before groundwater treatment, decreased to the range 31.7-73.3 μg/L at the end of the experimental cycle (15-33 days).

New insight into unstable hillslopes hydrology from hydrogeochemical modelling.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bertrand, C.; Marc, V.; Malet, J.-P.

2010-05-01

In the black marl outcrops of the French South Alps, sub surface flow conditions are considered as the main triggering factor for initiation and reactivation of landslides. The problem is traditionally addressed in term of hydrological processes (how does percolation to the water table occur?) but in some cases the origin of water is also in question. Direct rainfall is generally assumed as the only water source for groundwater recharge in shallow hillslope aquifers. The bedrock is also supposed impervious and continuous. Yet the geological environment of the study area is very complex owing to the geological history of this alpine sector. The autochthonous callovo-oxfordian black marl bedrock is highly tectonized (Maquaire et al., 2003) and may be affected by large, possibly draining discontinuities. A deep water inflow at the slip surface may at least locally result in increase the pore pressure and decrease the effective shearing resistance of the landslide material. In the active slow-moving landslide of Super-Sauze (Malet and Maquaire, 2003), this question has been addressed using hydrochemical investigations. The groundwater was sampled during five field campaigns uniformly spread out over the year from a network of boreholes. Water chemistry data were completed by geochemical and mineralogical analyses of the marl material. The major hydro-geochemical processes over area proved (1) mixing processes, (2) pyrite alteration, (3) dissolution/precipitation of carbonates and (4) cations exchange (de Montety et al., 2007). A geochemical modelling was carried out using the model Phreeqc (Parkhurst and Appelo, version 2.15, 2008) to check how suitable was observed water chemistry with the reservoir characteristics. The modelling exercise was based on a kinetics approach of soil-water interactions. The model simulates the rock alteration by the dissolution of the primary minerals and the precipitation of new phases. Initial parameters were obtained from geochemical and mineralogical analyses or from the literature (kinetics constants). The simulations showed that pH, sulphate and calcium concentrations in groundwater could be reproduced from reasonable assumptions. However, the observed high concentrations in magnesium and sodium were not correctly simulated by the model. Furthermore, a particular anomaly in the Na+ concentration was observed in the most active part of the landslide. Lastly, isotopic investigation showed that groundwater 3H content in this sector was significantly lower than groundwater content in the other parts of the landslide and lower than the mean rainwater content. This result showed that the mean groundwater age in the active part was probably higher than elsewhere in the landslide. All these arguments led us to conclude that groundwater was locally recharged with saline waters from areas outside the watershed, coming up through the bedrock using major discontinuities. This assumption is in agreement with the geological context. de Montety, V., V. Marc, C. Emblanch, J.-P. Malet, C. Bertrand, O. Maquaire, and T. A. Bogaard, 2007, Identifying the origin of groundwater and flow processes in complex landslides affecting black marls: insights from a hydrochemical survey.: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 32, p. 32-48. Malet, J.-P. and Maquaire, O., 2003. Black marl earthflows mobility and long-term seasonal dynamic in southeastern France. In: Picarelli, L. (Ed). Proceedings of the International Conference on Fast Slope Movements: Prediction and Prevention for Risk Mitigation. Patron Editore, Bologna: 333-340. Maquaire, O., Malet, J.-P., Remaître, A., Locat, J., Klotz, S. and Guillon, J., 2003. Instability conditions of marly hillslopes: towards landsliding or gullying? The case of the Barcelonnette Bassin, South East France. Engineering Geology, 70(1-2): 109-130. Parkhurst, D.L. and Appelo, C.A.J., 1999, User's guide to PHREEQC (version 2)--A computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4259, 312 p.

Solar-assisted MED treatment of Eskom power station waste water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roos, Thomas H.; Rogers, David E. C.; Gericke, Gerhard

2017-06-01

The comparative benefits of multi-effect distillation (MED) used in conjunction with Nano Filtration (NF), Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Eutectic Freeze Crystallization (EFC) are determined for waste water minimization for inland coal fired power stations for Zero Liquid Effluent Discharge (ZLED). A sequence of technologies is proposed to achieve maximal water recovery and brine concentration: NF - physico-chemical treatment - MED - EFC. The possibility of extending the concentration of RO reject arising from minewater treatment at the Lethabo power station with MED alone is evaluated with mineral formation modelling using the thermochemical modelling software Phreeq-C. It is shown that pretreatment is essential to extend the amount of water that can be recovered, and this can be beneficially supported by NF.

Geochemical modelling of worst-case leakage scenarios at potential CO2-storage sites - CO2 and saline water contamination of drinking water aquifers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Szabó, Zsuzsanna; Edit Gál, Nóra; Kun, Éva; Szőcs, Teodóra; Falus, György

2017-04-01

Carbon Capture and Storage is a transitional technology to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to mitigate climate change. Following the implementation and enforcement of the 2009/31/EC Directive in the Hungarian legislation, the Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary is required to evaluate the potential CO2 geological storage structures of the country. Basic assessment of these saline water formations has been already performed and the present goal is to extend the studies to the whole of the storage complex and consider the protection of fresh water aquifers of the neighbouring area even in unlikely scenarios when CO2 injection has a much more regional effect than planned. In this work, worst-case scenarios are modelled to understand the effects of CO2 or saline water leaks into drinking water aquifers. The dissolution of CO2 may significantly change the pH of fresh water which induces mineral dissolution and precipitation in the aquifer and therefore, changes in solution composition and even rock porosity. Mobilization of heavy metals may also be of concern. Brine migration from CO2 reservoir and replacement of fresh water in the shallower aquifer may happen due to pressure increase as a consequence of CO2 injection. The saline water causes changes in solution composition which may also induce mineral reactions. The modelling of the above scenarios has happened at several methodological levels such as equilibrium batch, kinetic batch and kinetic reactive transport simulations. All of these have been performed by PHREEQC using the PHREEQC.DAT thermodynamic database. Kinetic models use equations and kinetic rate parameters from the USGS report of Palandri and Kharaka (2004). Reactive transport modelling also considers estimated fluid flow and dispersivity of the studied formation. Further input parameters are the rock and the original ground water compositions of the aquifers and a range of gas-phase CO2 or brine replacement ratios. Worst-case scenarios at seven potential CO2-storage areas have been modelled. The visualization of results has been automatized by R programming. The three types of models (equilibrium, kinetic batch and reactive transport) provide different type but overlapping information. All modelling output of both scenarios (CO2/brine) indicate the increase of ion-concentrations in the fresh water, which might exceed drinking water limit values. Transport models provide a possibility to identify the most suitable chemical parameter in the fresh water for leakage monitoring. This indicator parameter may show detectable and early changes even far away from the contamination source. In the CO2 models potassium concentration increase is significant and runs ahead of the other parameters. In the rock, the models indicate feldspar, montmorillonite, dolomite and illite dissolution whereas calcite, chlorite, kaolinite and silica precipitates, and in the case of CO2-inflow models, dawsonite traps a part of the leaking gas.

Mississippi Curriculum Framework for Computer Information Systems Technology. Computer Information Systems Technology (Program CIP: 52.1201--Management Information Systems & Business Data). Computer Programming (Program CIP: 52.1201). Network Support (Program CIP: 52.1290--Computer Network Support Technology). Postsecondary Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mississippi Research and Curriculum Unit for Vocational and Technical Education, State College.

This document, which is intended for use by community and junior colleges throughout Mississippi, contains curriculum frameworks for two programs in the state's postsecondary-level computer information systems technology cluster: computer programming and network support. Presented in the introduction are program descriptions and suggested course…

Reactive transport codes for subsurface environmental simulation

DOE PAGES

Steefel, C. I.; Appelo, C. A. J.; Arora, B.; ...

2014-09-26

A general description of the mathematical and numerical formulations used in modern numerical reactive transport codes relevant for subsurface environmental simulations is presented. The formulations are followed by short descriptions of commonly used and available subsurface simulators that consider continuum representations of flow, transport, and reactions in porous media. These formulations are applicable to most of the subsurface environmental benchmark problems included in this special issue. The list of codes described briefly here includes PHREEQC, HPx, PHT3D, OpenGeoSys (OGS), HYTEC, ORCHESTRA, TOUGHREACT, eSTOMP, HYDROGEOCHEM, CrunchFlow, MIN3P, and PFLOTRAN. The descriptions include a high-level list of capabilities for each of themore » codes, along with a selective list of applications that highlight their capabilities and historical development.« less

Nutrient mitigation in a temporary river basin.

PubMed

Tzoraki, Ourania; Nikolaidis, Nikolaos P; Cooper, David; Kassotaki, Elissavet

2014-04-01

We estimate the nutrient budget in a temporary Mediterranean river basin. We use field monitoring and modelling tools to estimate nutrient sources and transfer in both high and low flow conditions. Inverse modelling by the help of PHREEQC model validated the hypothesis of a losing stream during the dry period. Soil and Water Assessment Tool model captured the water quality of the basin. The 'total daily maximum load' approach is used to estimate the nutrient flux status by flow class, indicating that almost 60% of the river network fails to meet nitrogen criteria and 50% phosphate criteria. We recommend that existing well-documented remediation measures such as reforestation of the riparian area or composting of food process biosolids should be implemented to achieve load reduction in close conjunction with social needs.

Identification of land use and other anthropogenic impacts on nitrogen cycling using stable isotopes and distributed hydrologic modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Connell, M. T.; Macko, S. A.

2017-12-01

Reactive modeling of sources and processes affecting the concentration of NO3- and NH4+ in natural and anthropogenically influenced surface water can reveal unexpected characteristics of the systems. A distributed hydrologic model, TREX, is presented that provides opportunities to study multiscale effects of nitrogen inputs, outputs, and changes. The model is adapted to run on parallel computing architecture and includes the geochemical reaction module PhreeqcRM, which enables calculation of δ15N and δ18O from biologically mediated transformation reactions in addition to mixing and equilibration. Management practices intended to attenuate nitrate in surface and subsurface waters, in particular the establishment of riparian buffer zones, are variably effective due to spatial heterogeneity of soils and preferential flow through buffers. Accounting for this heterogeneity in a fully distributed biogeochemical model allows for more efficient planning and management practices. Highly sensitive areas within a watershed can be identified based on a number of spatially variable parameters, and by varying those parameters systematically to determine conditions under which those areas are under more or less critical stress. Responses can be predicted at various scales to stimuli ranging from local changes in cropping regimes to global shifts in climate. This work presents simulations of conditions showing low antecedent nitrogen retention versus significant contribution of old nitrate. Nitrogen sources are partitioned using dual isotope ratios and temporally varying concentrations. In these two scenarios, we can evaluate the efficiency of source identification based on spatially explicit information, and model effects of increasing urban land use on N biogeochemical cycling.

Fluid-rock geochemical interaction for modelling calibration in geothermal exploration in Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deon, Fiorenza; Barnhoorn, Auke; Lievens, Caroline; Ryannugroho, Riskiray; Imaro, Tulus; Bruhn, David; van der Meer, Freek; Hutami, Rizki; Sibarani, Besteba; Sule, Rachmat; Saptadij, Nenny; Hecker, Christoph; Appelt, Oona; Wilke, Franziska

2017-04-01

Indonesia with its large, but partially unexplored geothermal potential is one of the most interesting and suitable places in the world to conduct geothermal exploration research. This study focuses on geothermal exploration based on fluid-rock geochemistry/geomechanics and aims to compile an overview on geochemical data-rock properties from important geothermal fields in Indonesia. The research carried out in the field and in the laboratory is performed in the framework of the GEOCAP cooperation (Geothermal Capacity Building program Indonesia- the Netherlands). The application of petrology and geochemistry accounts to a better understanding of areas where operating power plants exist but also helps in the initial exploration stage of green areas. Because of their relevance and geological setting geothermal fields in Java, Sulawesi and the sedimentary basin of central Sumatra have been chosen as focus areas of this study. Operators, universities and governmental agencies will benefit from this approach as it will be applied also to new green-field terrains. By comparing the characteristic of the fluids, the alteration petrology and the rock geochemistry we also aim to contribute to compile an overview of the geochemistry of the important geothermal fields in Indonesia. At the same time the rock petrology and fluid geochemistry will be used as input data to model the reservoir fluid composition along with T-P parameters with the geochemical workbench PHREEQC. The field and laboratory data are mandatory for both the implementation and validation of the model results.

78 FR 73195 - Privacy Act of 1974: CMS Computer Matching Program Match No. 2013-01; HHS Computer Matching...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-05

.... Description of the Matching Program A. General The Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988 (Pub... 1974: CMS Computer Matching Program Match No. 2013-01; HHS Computer Matching Program Match No. 1312...). ACTION: Notice of Computer Matching Program (CMP). SUMMARY: In accordance with the requirements of the...

Handheld Computer Use in U.S. Family Practice Residency Programs

PubMed Central

Criswell, Dan F.; Parchman, Michael L.

2002-01-01

Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the uses of handheld computers (also called personal digital assistants, or PDAs) in family practice residency programs in the United States. Study Design: In November 2000, the authors mailed a questionnaire to the program directors of all American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) and American College of Osteopathic Family Practice (ACOFP) residency programs in the United States. Measurements: Data and patterns of the use and non-use of handheld computers were identified. Results: Approximately 50 percent (306 of 610) of the programs responded to the survey. Two thirds of the programs reported that handheld computers were used in their residencies, and an additional 14 percent had plans for implementation within 24 months. Both the Palm and the Windows CE operating systems were used, with the Palm operating system the most common. Military programs had the highest rate of use (8 of 10 programs, 80 percent), and osteopathic programs had the lowest (23 of 55 programs, 42 percent). Of programs that reported handheld computer use, 45 percent had required handheld computer applications that are used uniformly by all users. Funding for handheld computers and related applications was non-budgeted in 76percent of the programs in which handheld computers were used. In programs providing a budget for handheld computers, the average annual budget per user was $461.58. Interested faculty or residents, rather than computer information services personnel, performed upkeep and maintenance of handheld computers in 72 percent of the programs in which the computers are used. In addition to the installed calendar, memo pad, and address book, the most common clinical uses of handheld computers in the programs were as medication reference tools, electronic textbooks, and clinical computational or calculator-type programs. Conclusions: Handheld computers are widely used in family practice residency programs in the United States. Although handheld computers were designed as electronic organizers, in family practice residencies they are used as medication reference tools, electronic textbooks, and clinical computational programs and to track activities that were previously associated with desktop database applications. PMID:11751806

Handheld computer use in U.S. family practice residency programs.

PubMed

Criswell, Dan F; Parchman, Michael L

2002-01-01

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the uses of handheld computers (also called personal digital assistants, or PDAs) in family practice residency programs in the United States. In November 2000, the authors mailed a questionnaire to the program directors of all American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) and American College of Osteopathic Family Practice (ACOFP) residency programs in the United States. Data and patterns of the use and non-use of handheld computers were identified. Approximately 50 percent (306 of 610) of the programs responded to the survey. Two thirds of the programs reported that handheld computers were used in their residencies, and an additional 14 percent had plans for implementation within 24 months. Both the Palm and the Windows CE operating systems were used, with the Palm operating system the most common. Military programs had the highest rate of use (8 of 10 programs, 80 percent), and osteopathic programs had the lowest (23 of 55 programs, 42 percent). Of programs that reported handheld computer use, 45 percent had required handheld computer applications that are used uniformly by all users. Funding for handheld computers and related applications was non-budgeted in 76percent of the programs in which handheld computers were used. In programs providing a budget for handheld computers, the average annual budget per user was 461.58 dollars. Interested faculty or residents, rather than computer information services personnel, performed upkeep and maintenance of handheld computers in 72 percent of the programs in which the computers are used. In addition to the installed calendar, memo pad, and address book, the most common clinical uses of handheld computers in the programs were as medication reference tools, electronic textbooks, and clinical computational or calculator-type programs. Handheld computers are widely used in family practice residency programs in the United States. Although handheld computers were designed as electronic organizers, in family practice residencies they are used as medication reference tools, electronic textbooks, and clinical computational programs and to track activities that were previously associated with desktop database applications.

The RANDOM computer program: A linear congruential random number generator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miles, R. F., Jr.

1986-01-01

The RANDOM Computer Program is a FORTRAN program for generating random number sequences and testing linear congruential random number generators (LCGs). The linear congruential form of random number generator is discussed, and the selection of parameters of an LCG for a microcomputer described. This document describes the following: (1) The RANDOM Computer Program; (2) RANDOM.MOD, the computer code needed to implement an LCG in a FORTRAN program; and (3) The RANCYCLE and the ARITH Computer Programs that provide computational assistance in the selection of parameters for an LCG. The RANDOM, RANCYCLE, and ARITH Computer Programs are written in Microsoft FORTRAN for the IBM PC microcomputer and its compatibles. With only minor modifications, the RANDOM Computer Program and its LCG can be run on most micromputers or mainframe computers.

DIALOG: An executive computer program for linking independent programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glatt, C. R.; Hague, D. S.; Watson, D. A.

1973-01-01

A very large scale computer programming procedure called the DIALOG executive system was developed for the CDC 6000 series computers. The executive computer program, DIALOG, controls the sequence of execution and data management function for a library of independent computer programs. Communication of common information is accomplished by DIALOG through a dynamically constructed and maintained data base of common information. Each computer program maintains its individual identity and is unaware of its contribution to the large scale program. This feature makes any computer program a candidate for use with the DIALOG executive system. The installation and uses of the DIALOG executive system are described.

A CAD (Classroom Assessment Design) of a Computer Programming Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawi, Nazir S.

2012-01-01

This paper presents a CAD (classroom assessment design) of an entry-level undergraduate computer programming course "Computer Programming I". CAD has been the product of a long experience in teaching computer programming courses including teaching "Computer Programming I" 22 times. Each semester, CAD is evaluated and modified…

Compositional data analysis and geochemical modeling of CO2-water-rock interactions in three provinces of Korea.

PubMed

Kim, Seong Hee; Choi, Byoung-Young; Lee, Gyemin; Yun, Seong-Taek; Kim, Soon-Oh

2017-12-20

The CO 2 -rich spring water (CSW) occurring naturally in three provinces, Kangwon (KW), Chungbuk (CB), and Gyeongbuk (GB) of South Korea was classified based on its hydrochemical properties using compositional data analysis. Additionally, the geochemical evolution pathways of various CSW were simulated via equilibrium phase modeling (EPM) incorporated in the PHREEQC code. Most of the CSW in the study areas grouped into the Ca-HCO 3 water type, but some samples from the KW area were classified as Na-HCO 3 water. Interaction with anorthite is likely to be more important than interaction with carbonate minerals for the hydrochemical properties of the CSW in the three areas, indicating that the CSW originated from interactions among magmatic CO 2 , deep groundwater, and bedrock-forming minerals. Based on the simulation results of PHREEQC EPM, the formation temperatures of the CSW within each area were estimated as 77.8 and 150 °C for the Ca-HCO 3 and Na-HCO 3 types of CSW, respectively, in the KW area; 138.9 °C for the CB CSW; and 93.0 °C for the GB CSW. Additionally, the mixing ratios between simulated carbonate water and shallow groundwater were adjusted to 1:9-9:1 for the CSW of the GB area and the Ca-HCO 3 -type CSW of the KW area, indicating that these CSWs were more affected by carbonate water than by shallow groundwater. On the other hand, mixing ratios of 1:9-5:5 and 1:9-3:7 were found for the Na-HCO 3 -type CSW of the KW area and for the CSW of the CB area, respectively, suggesting a relatively small contribution of carbonate water to these CSWs. This study proposes a systematic, but relatively simple, methodology to simulate the formation of carbonate water in deep environments and the geochemical evolution of CSW. Moreover, the proposed methodology could be applied to predict the behavior of CO 2 after its geological storage and to estimate the stability and security of geologically stored CO 2 .

Comparison of two computer programs by predicting turbulent mixing of helium in a ducted supersonic airstream

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pan, Y. S.; Drummond, J. P.; Mcclinton, C. R.

1978-01-01

Two parabolic flow computer programs, SHIP (a finite-difference program) and COMOC (a finite-element program), are used for predicting three-dimensional turbulent reacting flow fields in supersonic combustors. The theoretical foundation of the two computer programs are described, and then the programs are applied to a three-dimensional turbulent mixing experiment. The cold (nonreacting) flow experiment was performed to study the mixing of helium jets with a supersonic airstream in a rectangular duct. Surveys of the flow field at an upstream were used as the initial data by programs; surveys at a downstream station provided comparison to assess program accuracy. Both computer programs predicted the experimental results and data trends reasonably well. However, the comparison between the computations from the two programs indicated that SHIP was more accurate in computation and more efficient in both computer storage and computing time than COMOC.

Computer program CDCID: an automated quality control program using CDC update

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Singer, G.L.; Aguilar, F.

1984-04-01

A computer program, CDCID, has been developed in coordination with a quality control program to provide a highly automated method of documenting changes to computer codes at EG and G Idaho, Inc. The method uses the standard CDC UPDATE program in such a manner that updates and their associated documentation are easily made and retrieved in various formats. The method allows each card image of a source program to point to the document which describes it, who created the card, and when it was created. The method described is applicable to the quality control of computer programs in general. Themore » computer program described is executable only on CDC computing systems, but the program could be modified and applied to any computing system with an adequate updating program.« less

Application Portable Parallel Library

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cole, Gary L.; Blech, Richard A.; Quealy, Angela; Townsend, Scott

1995-01-01

Application Portable Parallel Library (APPL) computer program is subroutine-based message-passing software library intended to provide consistent interface to variety of multiprocessor computers on market today. Minimizes effort needed to move application program from one computer to another. User develops application program once and then easily moves application program from parallel computer on which created to another parallel computer. ("Parallel computer" also include heterogeneous collection of networked computers). Written in C language with one FORTRAN 77 subroutine for UNIX-based computers and callable from application programs written in C language or FORTRAN 77.

DIALOG: An executive computer program for linking independent programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glatt, C. R.; Hague, D. S.; Watson, D. A.

1973-01-01

A very large scale computer programming procedure called the DIALOG Executive System has been developed for the Univac 1100 series computers. The executive computer program, DIALOG, controls the sequence of execution and data management function for a library of independent computer programs. Communication of common information is accomplished by DIALOG through a dynamically constructed and maintained data base of common information. The unique feature of the DIALOG Executive System is the manner in which computer programs are linked. Each program maintains its individual identity and as such is unaware of its contribution to the large scale program. This feature makes any computer program a candidate for use with the DIALOG Executive System. The installation and use of the DIALOG Executive System are described at Johnson Space Center.

Programming the social computer.

PubMed

Robertson, David; Giunchiglia, Fausto

2013-03-28

The aim of 'programming the global computer' was identified by Milner and others as one of the grand challenges of computing research. At the time this phrase was coined, it was natural to assume that this objective might be achieved primarily through extending programming and specification languages. The Internet, however, has brought with it a different style of computation that (although harnessing variants of traditional programming languages) operates in a style different to those with which we are familiar. The 'computer' on which we are running these computations is a social computer in the sense that many of the elementary functions of the computations it runs are performed by humans, and successful execution of a program often depends on properties of the human society over which the program operates. These sorts of programs are not programmed in a traditional way and may have to be understood in a way that is different from the traditional view of programming. This shift in perspective raises new challenges for the science of the Web and for computing in general.

Gender Differences in the Use of Computers, Programming, and Peer Interactions in Computer Science Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stoilescu, Dorian; Egodawatte, Gunawardena

2010-01-01

Research shows that female and male students in undergraduate computer science programs view computer culture differently. Female students are interested more in the use of computers than in doing programming, whereas male students see computer science mainly as a programming activity. The overall purpose of our research was not to find new…

41 CFR 105-64.110 - When may GSA establish computer matching programs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... computer matching programs? 105-64.110 Section 105-64.110 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal... GSA establish computer matching programs? (a) System managers will establish computer matching... direction of the GSA Data Integrity Board that will be established when and if computer matching programs...

41 CFR 105-64.110 - When may GSA establish computer matching programs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... computer matching programs? 105-64.110 Section 105-64.110 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal... GSA establish computer matching programs? (a) System managers will establish computer matching... direction of the GSA Data Integrity Board that will be established when and if computer matching programs...

41 CFR 105-64.110 - When may GSA establish computer matching programs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... computer matching programs? 105-64.110 Section 105-64.110 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal... GSA establish computer matching programs? (a) System managers will establish computer matching... direction of the GSA Data Integrity Board that will be established when and if computer matching programs...

41 CFR 105-64.110 - When may GSA establish computer matching programs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... computer matching programs? 105-64.110 Section 105-64.110 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal... GSA establish computer matching programs? (a) System managers will establish computer matching... direction of the GSA Data Integrity Board that will be established when and if computer matching programs...

41 CFR 105-64.110 - When may GSA establish computer matching programs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... computer matching programs? 105-64.110 Section 105-64.110 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal... GSA establish computer matching programs? (a) System managers will establish computer matching... direction of the GSA Data Integrity Board that will be established when and if computer matching programs...

Computer program user's manual for FIREFINDER digital topographic data verification library dubbing system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ceres, M.; Heselton, L. R., III

1981-11-01

This manual describes the computer programs for the FIREFINDER Digital Topographic Data Verification-Library-Dubbing System (FFDTDVLDS), and will assist in the maintenance of these programs. The manual contains detailed flow diagrams and associated descriptions for each computer program routine and subroutine. Complete computer program listings are also included. This information should be used when changes are made in the computer programs. The operating system has been designed to minimize operator intervention.

AV Programs for Computer Know-How.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mandell, Phyllis Levy

1985-01-01

Lists 44 audiovisual programs (most released between 1983 and 1984) grouped in seven categories: computers in society, introduction to computers, computer operations, languages and programing, computer graphics, robotics, computer careers. Excerpts from "School Library Journal" reviews, price, and intended grade level are included. Names…

Guidelines for development of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) computer security training programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tompkins, F. G.

1983-01-01

The report presents guidance for the NASA Computer Security Program Manager and the NASA Center Computer Security Officials as they develop training requirements and implement computer security training programs. NASA audiences are categorized based on the computer security knowledge required to accomplish identified job functions. Training requirements, in terms of training subject areas, are presented for both computer security program management personnel and computer resource providers and users. Sources of computer security training are identified.

Computer programs: Operational and mathematical, a compilation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

Several computer programs which are available through the NASA Technology Utilization Program are outlined. Presented are: (1) Computer operational programs which can be applied to resolve procedural problems swiftly and accurately. (2) Mathematical applications for the resolution of problems encountered in numerous industries. Although the functions which these programs perform are not new and similar programs are available in many large computer center libraries, this collection may be of use to centers with limited systems libraries and for instructional purposes for new computer operators.

Computer Literacy Project. A General Orientation in Basic Computer Concepts and Applications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murray, David R.

This paper proposes a two-part, basic computer literacy program for university faculty, staff, and students with no prior exposure to computers. The program described would introduce basic computer concepts and computing center service programs and resources; provide fundamental preparation for other computer courses; and orient faculty towards…

Information Security: Federal Guidance Needed to Address Control Issues With Implementing Cloud Computing

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-05-01

Figure 2: Cloud Computing Deployment Models 13 Figure 3: NIST Essential Characteristics 14 Figure 4: NASA Nebula Container 37...Access Computing Environment (RACE) program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Nebula program, and the Department of...computing programs: the DOD’s RACE program; NASA’s Nebula program; and Department of Transportation’s CARS program, including lessons learned related

An analysis of the 70-meter antenna hydrostatic bearing by means of computer simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bartos, R. D.

1993-01-01

Recently, the computer program 'A Computer Solution for Hydrostatic Bearings with Variable Film Thickness,' used to design the hydrostatic bearing of the 70-meter antennas, was modified to improve the accuracy with which the program predicts the film height profile and oil pressure distribution between the hydrostatic bearing pad and the runner. This article presents a description of the modified computer program, the theory upon which the computer program computations are based, computer simulation results, and a discussion of the computer simulation results.

Computer Programs for Library Operations; Results of a Survey Conducted Between Fall 1971 and Spring 1972.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liberman, Eva; And Others

Many library operations involving large data banks lend themselves readily to computer operation. In setting up library computer programs, in changing or expanding programs, cost in programming and time delays could be substantially reduced if the programmers had access to library computer programs being used by other libraries, providing similar…

32 CFR 701.125 - Computer matching program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Computer matching program. 701.125 Section 701... OF THE NAVY DOCUMENTS AFFECTING THE PUBLIC DON Privacy Program § 701.125 Computer matching program. The DPO has responsibility for coordinating the approval of DOD's participation in Computer Matching...

32 CFR 701.125 - Computer matching program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Computer matching program. 701.125 Section 701... OF THE NAVY DOCUMENTS AFFECTING THE PUBLIC DON Privacy Program § 701.125 Computer matching program. The DPO has responsibility for coordinating the approval of DOD's participation in Computer Matching...

32 CFR 701.125 - Computer matching program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Computer matching program. 701.125 Section 701... OF THE NAVY DOCUMENTS AFFECTING THE PUBLIC DON Privacy Program § 701.125 Computer matching program. The DPO has responsibility for coordinating the approval of DOD's participation in Computer Matching...

32 CFR 701.125 - Computer matching program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Computer matching program. 701.125 Section 701... OF THE NAVY DOCUMENTS AFFECTING THE PUBLIC DON Privacy Program § 701.125 Computer matching program. The DPO has responsibility for coordinating the approval of DOD's participation in Computer Matching...

32 CFR 701.125 - Computer matching program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Computer matching program. 701.125 Section 701... OF THE NAVY DOCUMENTS AFFECTING THE PUBLIC DON Privacy Program § 701.125 Computer matching program. The DPO has responsibility for coordinating the approval of DOD's participation in Computer Matching...

Gender differences in the use of computers, programming, and peer interactions in computer science classrooms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stoilescu, Dorian; Egodawatte, Gunawardena

2010-12-01

Research shows that female and male students in undergraduate computer science programs view computer culture differently. Female students are interested more in the use of computers than in doing programming, whereas male students see computer science mainly as a programming activity. The overall purpose of our research was not to find new definitions for computer science culture but to see how male and female students see themselves involved in computer science practices, how they see computer science as a successful career, and what they like and dislike about current computer science practices. The study took place in a mid-sized university in Ontario. Sixteen students and two instructors were interviewed to get their views. We found that male and female views are different on computer use, programming, and the pattern of student interactions. Female and male students did not have any major issues in using computers. In computing programming, female students were not so involved in computing activities whereas male students were heavily involved. As for the opinions about successful computer science professionals, both female and male students emphasized hard working, detailed oriented approaches, and enjoying playing with computers. The myth of the geek as a typical profile of successful computer science students was not found to be true.

Computer program for the computation of total sediment discharge by the modified Einstein procedure

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stevens, H.H.

1985-01-01

Two versions of a computer program to compute total sediment discharge by the modified Einstein procedure are presented. The FORTRAN 77 language version is for use on the PRIME computer, and the BASIC language version is for use on most microcomputers. The program contains built-in limitations and input-output options that closely follow the original modified Einstein procedure. Program documentation and listings of both versions of the program are included. (USGS)

Programming the Navier-Stokes computer: An abstract machine model and a visual editor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Middleton, David; Crockett, Tom; Tomboulian, Sherry

1988-01-01

The Navier-Stokes computer is a parallel computer designed to solve Computational Fluid Dynamics problems. Each processor contains several floating point units which can be configured under program control to implement a vector pipeline with several inputs and outputs. Since the development of an effective compiler for this computer appears to be very difficult, machine level programming seems necessary and support tools for this process have been studied. These support tools are organized into a graphical program editor. A programming process is described by which appropriate computations may be efficiently implemented on the Navier-Stokes computer. The graphical editor would support this programming process, verifying various programmer choices for correctness and deducing values such as pipeline delays and network configurations. Step by step details are provided and demonstrated with two example programs.

Computer Electronics. Florida Vocational Program Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

University of South Florida, Tampa. Dept. of Adult and Vocational Education.

This packet contains a program guide and Career Merit Achievement Plan (Career MAP) for the implementation of a computer electronics technology (computer service technician) program in Florida secondary and postsecondary schools. The program guide describes the program content and structure, provides a program description, lists job titles under…

Use of the Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Model (WEBMOD) to Simulate Water Quality at Five U.S. Geological Survey Research Watersheds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Webb, R. M.; Leavesley, G. H.; Shanley, J. B.; Peters, N. E.; Aulenbach, B. T.; Blum, A. E.; Campbell, D. H.; Clow, D. W.; Mast, M. A.; Stallard, R. F.; Larsen, M. C.; Troester, J. W.; Walker, J. F.; White, A. F.

2003-12-01

The Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Model (WEBMOD) was developed as an aid to compare and contrast basic hydrologic and biogeochemical processes active in the diverse hydroclimatic regions represented by the five U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budget (WEBB) sites: Loch Vale, Colorado; Trout Lake, Wisconsin; Sleepers River, Vermont; Panola Mountain, Georgia; and Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. WEBMOD simulates solute concentrations for vegetation canopy, snow pack, impermeable ground, leaf litter, unsaturated and saturated soil zones, riparian zones and streams using selected process modules coupled within the USGS Modular Modeling System (MMS). Source codes for the MMS hydrologic modules include the USGS Precipitation Runoff Modeling System, the National Weather Service Hydro-17 snow model, and TOPMODEL. The hydrologic modules distribute precipitation and temperature to predict evapotranspiration, snow accumulation, snow melt, and streamflow. Streamflow generation mechanisms include infiltration excess, saturated overland flow, preferential lateral flow, and base flow. Input precipitation chemistry, and fluxes and residence times predicted by the hydrologic modules are input into the geochemical module where solute concentrations are computed for a series of discrete well-mixed reservoirs using calls to the geochemical engine PHREEQC. WEBMOD was used to better understand variations in water quality observed at the WEBB sites from October 1991 through September 1997. Initial calibrations were completed by fitting the simulated hydrographs with those measured at the watershed outlets. Model performance was then refined by comparing the predicted export of conservative chemical tracers such as chloride, with those measured at the watershed outlets. The model succeeded in duplicating the temporal variability of net exports of major ions from the watersheds.

Na/Cl molar ratio changes during a salting cycle and its application to the estimation of sodium retention in salted watersheds.

PubMed

Sun, Hongbing; Huffine, Maria; Husch, Jonathan; Sinpatanasakul, Leeann

2012-08-01

Using soil column experiments and data from natural watersheds, this paper analyzes the changes in Na/Cl molar ratios during a salting cycle of aqueous-soil systems. The soil column experiments involved introducing NaCl salt at various initial concentrations into multiple soil columns. At the start of a salting cycle in the column experiments, sodium was adsorbed more than chloride due to cation exchange processes. As a result, the initial Na/Cl molar ratio in column effluent was lower than 1, but increased thereafter. One-dimensional PHREEQC geochemical transport simulations also were conducted to further quantify these trends under more diverse scenarios. The experimentally determined Na/Cl molar ratio pattern was compared to observations in the annual salting cycle of four natural watersheds where NaCl is the dominant applied road deicing salt. Typically, Na/Cl molar ratios were low from mid-winter to early spring and increased after the bulk of the salt was flushed out of the watersheds during the summer, fall and early winter. The established relationship between the Na/Cl molar ratios and the amount of sodium retention derived from the column experiments and computer simulations present an alternative approach to the traditional budget analysis method for estimating sodium retention when the experimental and natural watershed patterns of Na/Cl molar ratio change are similar. Findings from this study enhance the understanding of sodium retention and help improve the scientific basis for future environmental policies intended to suppress the increase of sodium concentrations in salted watersheds. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Another Program For Generating Interactive Graphics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Costenbader, Jay; Moleski, Walt; Szczur, Martha; Howell, David; Engelberg, Norm; Li, Tin P.; Misra, Dharitri; Miller, Philip; Neve, Leif; Wolf, Karl;

Adolescents' Chunking of Computer Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Magliaro, Susan; Burton, John K.

To investigate what children learn during computer programming instruction, students attending a summer computer camp were asked to recall either single lines or chunks of computer programs from either coherent or scrambled programs. The 16 subjects, ages 12 to 17, were divided into three instructional groups: (1) beginners, who were taught to…

Advanced Certification Program for Computer Graphic Specialists. Final Performance Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parkland Coll., Champaign, IL.

A pioneer program in computer graphics was implemented at Parkland College (Illinois) to meet the demand for specialized technicians to visualize data generated on high performance computers. In summer 1989, 23 students were accepted into the pilot program. Courses included C programming, calculus and analytic geometry, computer graphics, and…

32 CFR 505.13 - Computer Matching Agreement Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Computer Matching Agreement Program. 505.13... AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS ARMY PRIVACY ACT PROGRAM § 505.13 Computer Matching Agreement Program. (a) General provisions. (1) Pursuant to the Privacy Act and this part, DA records may be subject to computer...

32 CFR 505.13 - Computer Matching Agreement Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2012-07-01 2009-07-01 true Computer Matching Agreement Program. 505.13... AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS ARMY PRIVACY ACT PROGRAM § 505.13 Computer Matching Agreement Program. (a) General provisions. (1) Pursuant to the Privacy Act and this part, DA records may be subject to computer...

32 CFR 505.13 - Computer Matching Agreement Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Computer Matching Agreement Program. 505.13... AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS ARMY PRIVACY ACT PROGRAM § 505.13 Computer Matching Agreement Program. (a) General provisions. (1) Pursuant to the Privacy Act and this part, DA records may be subject to computer...

77 FR 13388 - Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration; Privacy Act of 1974: Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-06

...: Computer Matching Program AGENCY: Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, Treasury. ACTION... Internal Revenue Service (IRS) concerning the conduct of TIGTA's computer matching program. DATES... INFORMATION: TIGTA's computer matching program assists in the detection and deterrence of fraud, waste, and...

78 FR 50146 - Privacy Act of 1974: Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-16

... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS Privacy Act of 1974: Computer Matching Program AGENCY: Department of Veterans Affairs. ACTION: Notice of Computer Match Program. SUMMARY: Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552a... to conduct a computer matching program with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Data from the...

76 FR 47299 - Privacy Act of 1974: Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-04

... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS Privacy Act of 1974: Computer Matching Program AGENCY: Department of Veterans Affairs. ACTION: Notice of Computer Match Program. SUMMARY: Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552a... to conduct a computer matching program with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Data from the...

32 CFR 505.13 - Computer Matching Agreement Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Computer Matching Agreement Program. 505.13... AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS ARMY PRIVACY ACT PROGRAM § 505.13 Computer Matching Agreement Program. (a) General provisions. (1) Pursuant to the Privacy Act and this part, DA records may be subject to computer...

32 CFR 310.53 - Computer matching agreements (CMAs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Computer matching agreements (CMAs). 310.53... (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Computer Matching Program Procedures § 310.53 Computer.... (3) Justification and expected results. Explain why computer matching as opposed to some other...

32 CFR 310.53 - Computer matching agreements (CMAs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Computer matching agreements (CMAs). 310.53... (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Computer Matching Program Procedures § 310.53 Computer.... (3) Justification and expected results. Explain why computer matching as opposed to some other...

32 CFR 310.53 - Computer matching agreements (CMAs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Computer matching agreements (CMAs). 310.53... (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Computer Matching Program Procedures § 310.53 Computer.... (3) Justification and expected results. Explain why computer matching as opposed to some other...

32 CFR 310.53 - Computer matching agreements (CMAs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Computer matching agreements (CMAs). 310.53... (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Computer Matching Program Procedures § 310.53 Computer.... (3) Justification and expected results. Explain why computer matching as opposed to some other...

32 CFR 310.53 - Computer matching agreements (CMAs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Computer matching agreements (CMAs). 310.53... (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Computer Matching Program Procedures § 310.53 Computer.... (3) Justification and expected results. Explain why computer matching as opposed to some other...

Computer programs for computing particle-size statistics of fluvial sediments

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stevens, H.H.; Hubbell, D.W.

1986-01-01

Two versions of computer programs for inputing data and computing particle-size statistics of fluvial sediments are presented. The FORTRAN 77 language versions are for use on the Prime computer, and the BASIC language versions are for use on microcomputers. The size-statistics program compute Inman, Trask , and Folk statistical parameters from phi values and sizes determined for 10 specified percent-finer values from inputed size and percent-finer data. The program also determines the percentage gravel, sand, silt, and clay, and the Meyer-Peter effective diameter. Documentation and listings for both versions of the programs are included. (Author 's abstract)

NEMAR plotting computer program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Myler, T. R.

1981-01-01

A FORTRAN coded computer program which generates CalComp plots of trajectory parameters is examined. The trajectory parameters are calculated and placed on a data file by the Near Earth Mission Analysis Routine computer program. The plot program accesses the data file and generates the plots as defined by inputs to the plot program. Program theory, user instructions, output definitions, subroutine descriptions and detailed FORTRAN coding information are included. Although this plot program utilizes a random access data file, a data file of the same type and formatted in 102 numbers per record could be generated by any computer program and used by this plot program.

User's guide to the NOZL3D and NOZLIC computer programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thomas, P. D.

1980-01-01

Complete FORTRAN listings and running instructions are given for a set of computer programs that perform an implicit numerical solution to the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations to predict the flow characteristics and performance of nonaxisymmetric nozzles. The set includes the NOZL3D program, which performs the flow computations; the NOZLIC program, which sets up the flow field initial conditions for general nozzle configurations, and also generates the computational grid for simple two dimensional and axisymmetric configurations; and the RGRIDD program, which generates the computational grid for complicated three dimensional configurations. The programs are designed specifically for the NASA-Langley CYBER 175 computer, and employ auxiliary disk files for primary data storage. Input instructions and computed results are given for four test cases that include two dimensional, three dimensional, and axisymmetric configurations.

OASIS connections: results from an evaluation study.

PubMed

Czaja, Sara J; Lee, Chin Chin; Branham, Janice; Remis, Peggy

2012-10-01

The objectives of this study were to evaluate a community-based basic computer and Internet training program designed for older adults, provide recommendations for program refinement, and gather preliminary information on program sustainability. The program was developed by the OASIS Institute, a nonprofit agency serving older adults and implemented in 4 cities by community trainers across the United States. One hundred and ninety-six adults aged 40-90 years were assigned to the training or a wait-list control group. Knowledge of computers and the Internet, attitudes toward computers, and computer/Internet use were assessed at baseline, posttraining, and 3 months posttraining. The program was successful in increasing the computer/Internet skills of the trainees. The data indicated a significant increase in computer and Internet knowledge and comfort with computers among those who received the training. Further, those who completed the course reported an increase in both computer and Internet use 3 months posttraining. The findings indicate that a community-based computer and Internet training program delivered by community instructors can be effective in terms of increasing computer and Internet skills and comfort with computer technology among older adults.

Introducing Hospital Staff to Computer Concepts: An Educational Program

PubMed Central

Kaplan, Bonnie

1981-01-01

An in-house computer education program for hospital staff ran for two years at a large, metropolitan hospital. The program drew physicians, administrators, department heads, secretaries, technicians, and data managers to courses, seminars, and workshops on medical computing. Two courses, an introduction to computer concepts and a programming course, are described and evaluated.

78 FR 29748 - Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program Between the Department of Education and the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-21

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program Between the Department of... document provides notice of the continuation of a computer matching program between the Department of... 5301, the Department of Justice and the Department of Education implemented a computer matching program...

75 FR 53005 - Privacy Act of 1974, as amended; Notice of Computer Matching Program (Railroad Retirement Board...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-30

... notice of its renewal of an ongoing computer-matching program with the Social Security Administration... computer-matching program with the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate... RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD Privacy Act of 1974, as amended; Notice of Computer Matching Program...

78 FR 34678 - Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended; Notice of Computer Matching Program (Railroad Retirement Board...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-10

... notice of its renewal of an ongoing computer-matching program with the Social Security Administration... computer-matching program with the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate... RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended; Notice of Computer Matching Program...

75 FR 8311 - Privacy Act of 1974; Notice of a Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-24

...; Notice of a Computer Matching Program AGENCY: Defense Manpower Data Center, DoD. ACTION: Notice of a... hereby giving notice to the record subjects of a computer matching program between the Department of... conduct a computer matching program between the agencies. The purpose of this agreement is to verify an...

76 FR 50198 - Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-12

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program AGENCY: Office of the Inspector General, U.S. Department of Education. ACTION: Notice of computer matching between the U.S... conduct of computer matching programs, notice is hereby given of the establishment of a computer matching...

Use of CYBER 203 and CYBER 205 computers for three-dimensional transonic flow calculations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Melson, N. D.; Keller, J. D.

1983-01-01

Experiences are discussed for modifying two three-dimensional transonic flow computer programs (FLO 22 and FLO 27) for use on the CDC CYBER 203 computer system. Both programs were originally written for use on serial machines. Several methods were attempted to optimize the execution of the two programs on the vector machine: leaving the program in a scalar form (i.e., serial computation) with compiler software used to optimize and vectorize the program, vectorizing parts of the existing algorithm in the program, and incorporating a vectorizable algorithm (ZEBRA I or ZEBRA II) in the program. Comparison runs of the programs were made on CDC CYBER 175. CYBER 203, and two pipe CDC CYBER 205 computer systems.

A Microcomputer-Based Computer Science Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Compeau, Larry D.

1984-01-01

Examines the use of the microcomputer in computer science programs as an alternative to time-sharing computers at North Country Community College. Discusses factors contributing to the program's success, security problems, outside application possibilities, and program implementation concerns. (DMM)

NASA's computer science research program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Larsen, R. L.

1983-01-01

Following a major assessment of NASA's computing technology needs, a new program of computer science research has been initiated by the Agency. The program includes work in concurrent processing, management of large scale scientific databases, software engineering, reliable computing, and artificial intelligence. The program is driven by applications requirements in computational fluid dynamics, image processing, sensor data management, real-time mission control and autonomous systems. It consists of university research, in-house NASA research, and NASA's Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science (RIACS) and Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering (ICASE). The overall goal is to provide the technical foundation within NASA to exploit advancing computing technology in aerospace applications.

Identification of Cognitive Processes of Effective and Ineffective Students during Computer Programming

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Renumol, V. G.; Janakiram, Dharanipragada; Jayaprakash, S.

2010-01-01

Identifying the set of cognitive processes (CPs) a student can go through during computer programming is an interesting research problem. It can provide a better understanding of the human aspects in computer programming process and can also contribute to the computer programming education in general. The study identified the presence of a set of…

A Program To Develop through LOGO the Computer Self-Confidence of Seventh Grade Low-Achieving Girls.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Angell, Marion D.

This practicum report describes the development of a program designed to improve self-confidence in low-achieving seventh grade girls towards computers. The questionnaire "My Feelings Towards Computers" was used for pre- and post-comparisons. Students were introduced to the computer program LOGO, were taught to compose programs using the…

Advanced Computer Aids in the Planning and Execution of Air Warfare and Ground Strike Operations: Conference Proceedings, Meeting of the Avionics Panels of AGARD (51st) Held in Kongsberg, Norway on 12-16 May 1986

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-02-01

the area of Artificial Intelligence (At). DARPA’s Strategic Computing Program 13 developing an At ýtchnology base upon which several applications...technologies with the Strategic Computing Program . In late 1983 the Strategic Computing Program (SCP) wes announced. The program was organizsd to develop...solving a resource allocation problem. The remainder of this paper will discuss the TEMPLAR progeam as it relates to the Strategic Computing Program

Use of a Computer Language in Teaching Dynamic Programming. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trimble, C. J.; And Others

Most optimization problems of any degree of complexity must be solved using a computer. In the teaching of dynamic programing courses, it is often desirable to use a computer in problem solution. The solution process involves conceptual formulation and computational Solution. Generalized computer codes for dynamic programing problem solution…

A Computer Program for Crystal Drawing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dutch, Steven I.

1981-01-01

Described is a computer program which accepts face data, performs all necessary symmetry operations, and produces a drawing of the resulting crystal. The program shortens computing time to make it suitable for online teaching use or for use in small computers. (Author/DC)

Programming Support Library (PSL). Users Manual.

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-05-01

which provides the tools to organize, implement, and control computer program develop- ment. This involves the support of the actual programming process...provides the tools toorganize, implement, and control computer program development. The system is designed specifically to support top-down development...Structured Programming are finding increasing application in the computing community. Structured programs are, however, difficult to write in

Enhancing Digital Fluency through a Training Program for Creative Problem Solving Using Computer Programming

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, SugHee; Chung, KwangSik; Yu, HeonChang

2013-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to propose a training program for creative problem solving based on computer programming. The proposed program will encourage students to solve real-life problems through a creative thinking spiral related to cognitive skills with computer programming. With the goal of enhancing digital fluency through this proposed…

Introduction to the Atari Computer. A Program Written in the Pilot Programming Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schlenker, Richard M.

Designed to be an introduction to the Atari microcomputers for beginners, the interactive computer program listed in this document is written in the Pilot programing language. Instructions are given for entering and storing the program in the computer memory for use by students. (MES)

Computer Science 205. Interim Guide, 1983.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manitoba Dept. of Education, Winnipeg.

This guide to a 4-unit, required high school computer science course emphasizes problem solving and computer programming and is designed for use with a variety of hardware configurations and programming languages. An overview covers the program rationale, goals and objectives, program design and description, program implementation, time allotment,…

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 67 - Computer Program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Computer Program C Appendix C to Part 67 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) EPA APPROVAL OF STATE NONCOMPLIANCE PENALTY PROGRAM Pt. 67, App. C Appendix C to Part 67—Computer Program Note...

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 67 - Computer Program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Computer Program C Appendix C to Part 67 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) EPA APPROVAL OF STATE NONCOMPLIANCE PENALTY PROGRAM Pt. 67, App. C Appendix C to Part 67—Computer Program Note...

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 67 - Computer Program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Computer Program C Appendix C to Part 67 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) EPA APPROVAL OF STATE NONCOMPLIANCE PENALTY PROGRAM Pt. 67, App. C Appendix C to Part 67—Computer Program Note...

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 67 - Computer Program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Computer Program C Appendix C to Part 67 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) EPA APPROVAL OF STATE NONCOMPLIANCE PENALTY PROGRAM Pt. 67, App. C Appendix C to Part 67—Computer Program Note...

Low-Budget Computer Programming in Your School (An Alternative to the Cost of Large Computers). Illinois Series on Educational Applications of Computers. No. 14.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dennis, J. Richard; Thomson, David

This paper is concerned with a low cost alternative for providing computer experience to secondary school students. The brief discussion covers the programmable calculator and its relevance for teaching the concepts and the rudiments of computer programming and for computer problem solving. A list of twenty-five programming activities related to…

Simulation of the stress computation in shells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Salama, M.; Utku, S.

1978-01-01

A self-teaching computer program is described, whereby the stresses in thin shells can be computed with good accuracy using the best fit approach. The program is designed for use in interactive game mode to allow the structural engineer to learn about (1) the major sources of difficulties and associated errors in the computation of stresses in thin shells, (2) possible ways to reduce the errors, and (3) trade-off between computational cost and accuracy. Included are derivation of the computational approach, program description, and several examples illustrating the program usage.

A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 3: Design philosophy and programming details

USGS Publications Warehouse

Torak, L.J.

1993-01-01

A MODular Finite-Element, digital-computer program (MODFE) was developed to simulate steady or unsteady-state, two-dimensional or axisymmetric ground-water-flow. The modular structure of MODFE places the computationally independent tasks that are performed routinely by digital-computer programs simulating ground-water flow into separate subroutines, which are executed from the main program by control statements. Each subroutine consists of complete sets of computations, or modules, which are identified by comment statements, and can be modified by the user without affecting unrelated computations elsewhere in the program. Simulation capabilities can be added or modified by either adding or modifying subroutines that perform specific computational tasks, and the modular-program structure allows the user to create versions of MODFE that contain only the simulation capabilities that pertain to the ground-water problem of interest. MODFE is written in a Fortran programming language that makes it virtually device independent and compatible with desk-top personal computers and large mainframes. MODFE uses computer storage and execution time efficiently by taking advantage of symmetry and sparseness within the coefficient matrices of the finite-element equations. Parts of the matrix coefficients are computed and stored as single-subscripted variables, which are assembled into a complete coefficient just prior to solution. Computer storage is reused during simulation to decrease storage requirements. Descriptions of subroutines that execute the computational steps of the modular-program structure are given in tables that cross reference the subroutines with particular versions of MODFE. Programming details of linear and nonlinear hydrologic terms are provided. Structure diagrams for the main programs show the order in which subroutines are executed for each version and illustrate some of the linear and nonlinear versions of MODFE that are possible. Computational aspects of changing stresses and boundary conditions with time and of mass-balance and error terms are given for each hydrologic feature. Program variables are listed and defined according to their occurrence in the main programs and in subroutines. Listings of the main programs and subroutines are given.

Designing and Creating Computer-Assisted Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McMeen, George R.

Designed to encourage the use of a defined methodology and careful planning in creating computer-assisted instructional programs, this paper describes the instructional design process, compares computer-assisted instruction (CAI) and programmed instruction (PI), and discusses pragmatic concerns in computer programming. Topics addressed include:…

Program For Generating Interactive Displays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Costenbader, Jay; Moleski, Walt; Szczur, Martha; Howell, David; Engelberg, Norm; Li, Tin P.; Misra, Dharitri; Miller, Philip; Neve, Leif; Wolf, Karl;

Generating and executing programs for a floating point single instruction multiple data instruction set architecture

DOEpatents

Gschwind, Michael K

2013-04-16

Mechanisms for generating and executing programs for a floating point (FP) only single instruction multiple data (SIMD) instruction set architecture (ISA) are provided. A computer program product comprising a computer recordable medium having a computer readable program recorded thereon is provided. The computer readable program, when executed on a computing device, causes the computing device to receive one or more instructions and execute the one or more instructions using logic in an execution unit of the computing device. The logic implements a floating point (FP) only single instruction multiple data (SIMD) instruction set architecture (ISA), based on data stored in a vector register file of the computing device. The vector register file is configured to store both scalar and floating point values as vectors having a plurality of vector elements.

Causal Attributions of Success and Failure Made by Undergraduate Students in an Introductory-Level Computer Programming Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawi, N.

2010-01-01

The purpose of this research is to identify the causal attributions of business computing students in an introductory computer programming course, in the computer science department at Notre Dame University, Louaize. Forty-five male and female undergraduates who completed the computer programming course that extended for a 13-week semester…

SuperPILOT: A Comprehensive Computer-Assisted Instruction Programming Language for the Apple II Computer.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Falleur, David M.

This presentation describes SuperPILOT, an extended version of Apple PILOT, a programming language for developing computer-assisted instruction (CAI) with the Apple II computer that includes the features of its early PILOT (Programmed Inquiry, Learning or Teaching) ancestors together with new features that make use of the Apple computer's advanced…

DORMAN computer program (study 2.5). Volume 2: User's guide and programmer's guide. [development of data bank for computerized information storage of NASA programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wray, S. T., Jr.

1973-01-01

The DORMAN program was developed to create and modify a data bank containing data decks which serve as input to the DORCA Computer Program. Via a remote terminal a user can access the bank, extract any data deck, modify that deck, output the modified deck to be input to the DORCA program, and save the modified deck in the data bank. This computer program is an assist in the utilization of the DORCA program. The program is dimensionless and operates almost entirely in integer mode. The program was developed on the CDC 6400/7600 complex for implementation on a UNIVAC 1108 computer.

Computer programs for thermodynamic and transport properties of hydrogen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, W. J.; Mc Carty, R. D.; Roder, H. M.

1968-01-01

Computer program subroutines provide the thermodynamic and transport properties of hydrogen in tabular form. The programs provide 18 combinations of input and output variables. This program is written in FORTRAN 4 for use on the IBM 7044 or CDC 3600 computers.

The Compubus Evaluation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klimko, Ivan P.

The Computer Bus Program (Compubus Program) of the Modesto City Schools (California) was evaluated to determine the effectiveness of the computer literacy program for fourth, fifth, and sixth grade students at eight elementary compensatory education schools. The program provided instruction on computer vocabulary, knowledge, and applications in a…

Technique to eliminate computational instability in multibody simulations employing the Lagrange multiplier

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Watts, G.

1992-01-01

A programming technique to eliminate computational instability in multibody simulations that use the Lagrange multiplier is presented. The computational instability occurs when the attached bodies drift apart and violate the constraints. The programming technique uses the constraint equation, instead of integration, to determine the coordinates that are not independent. Although the equations of motion are unchanged, a complete derivation of the incorporation of the Lagrange multiplier into the equation of motion for two bodies is presented. A listing of a digital computer program which uses the programming technique to eliminate computational instability is also presented. The computer program simulates a solid rocket booster and parachute connected by a frictionless swivel.

ICASE Computer Science Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

The Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering computer science program is discussed in outline form. Information is given on such topics as problem decomposition, algorithm development, programming languages, and parallel architectures.

Human operator identification model and related computer programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kessler, K. M.; Mohr, J. N.

1978-01-01

Four computer programs which provide computational assistance in the analysis of man/machine systems are reported. The programs are: (1) Modified Transfer Function Program (TF); (2) Time Varying Response Program (TVSR); (3) Optimal Simulation Program (TVOPT); and (4) Linear Identification Program (SCIDNT). The TV program converts the time domain state variable system representative to frequency domain transfer function system representation. The TVSR program computes time histories of the input/output responses of the human operator model. The TVOPT program is an optimal simulation program and is similar to TVSR in that it produces time histories of system states associated with an operator in the loop system. The differences between the two programs are presented. The SCIDNT program is an open loop identification code which operates on the simulated data from TVOPT (or TVSR) or real operator data from motion simulators.

32 CFR 310.52 - Computer matching publication and review requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Computer matching publication and review... OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Computer Matching Program Procedures § 310.52 Computer matching publication and review requirements. (a) DoD Components shall identify the...

32 CFR 310.52 - Computer matching publication and review requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Computer matching publication and review... OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Computer Matching Program Procedures § 310.52 Computer matching publication and review requirements. (a) DoD Components shall identify the...

32 CFR 310.52 - Computer matching publication and review requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Computer matching publication and review... OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Computer Matching Program Procedures § 310.52 Computer matching publication and review requirements. (a) DoD Components shall identify the...

32 CFR 310.52 - Computer matching publication and review requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Computer matching publication and review... OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Computer Matching Program Procedures § 310.52 Computer matching publication and review requirements. (a) DoD Components shall identify the...

32 CFR 310.52 - Computer matching publication and review requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Computer matching publication and review... OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Computer Matching Program Procedures § 310.52 Computer matching publication and review requirements. (a) DoD Components shall identify the...

Program Aids Specification Of Multiple-Block Grids

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sorenson, R. L.; Mccann, K. M.

1993-01-01

3DPREP computer program aids specification of multiple-block computational grids. Highly interactive graphical preprocessing program designed for use on powerful graphical scientific computer workstation. Divided into three main parts, each corresponding to principal graphical-and-alphanumerical display. Relieves user of some burden of collecting and formatting many data needed to specify blocks and grids, and prepares input data for NASA's 3DGRAPE grid-generating computer program.

Data Processing: Fifteen Suggestions for Computer Training in Your Business Education Classes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barr, Lowell L.

1980-01-01

Presents 15 suggestions for training business education students in the use of computers. Suggestions involve computer language, method of presentation, laboratory time, programing assignments, instructions and handouts, problem solving, deadlines, reviews, programming concepts, programming logic, documentation, and defensive programming. (CT)

78 FR 15730 - Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-12

... 1974; Computer Matching Program AGENCY: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Department of... Matching Program between the Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services and... computer matching program between the Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration...

High performance computing and communications program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holcomb, Lee

1992-01-01

A review of the High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) program is provided in vugraph format. The goals and objectives of this federal program are as follows: extend U.S. leadership in high performance computing and computer communications; disseminate the technologies to speed innovation and to serve national goals; and spur gains in industrial competitiveness by making high performance computing integral to design and production.

Algorithms for computations of Loday algebras' invariants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hussain, Sharifah Kartini Said; Rakhimov, I. S.; Basri, W.

2017-04-01

The paper is devoted to applications of some computer programs to study structural determination of Loday algebras. We present how these computer programs can be applied in computations of various invariants of Loday algebras and provide several computer programs in Maple to verify Loday algebras' identities, the isomorphisms between the algebras, as a special case, to describe the automorphism groups, centroids and derivations.

The Effects of a Robot Game Environment on Computer Programming Education for Elementary School Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shim, Jaekwoun; Kwon, Daiyoung; Lee, Wongyu

2017-01-01

In the past, computer programming was perceived as a task only carried out by computer scientists; in the 21st century, however, computer programming is viewed as a critical and necessary skill that everyone should learn. In order to improve teaching of problem-solving abilities in a computing environment, extensive research is being done on…

Processing Device for High-Speed Execution of an Xrisc Computer Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ng, Tak-Kwong (Inventor); Mills, Carl S. (Inventor)

2016-01-01

A processing device for high-speed execution of a computer program is provided. A memory module may store one or more computer programs. A sequencer may select one of the computer programs and controls execution of the selected program. A register module may store intermediate values associated with a current calculation set, a set of output values associated with a previous calculation set, and a set of input values associated with a subsequent calculation set. An external interface may receive the set of input values from a computing device and provides the set of output values to the computing device. A computation interface may provide a set of operands for computation during processing of the current calculation set. The set of input values are loaded into the register and the set of output values are unloaded from the register in parallel with processing of the current calculation set.

Some Programs Should Not Run on Laptops - Providing Programmatic Access to Applications Via Web Services

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, V.; Gupta, N.; Gupta, S.; Field, E.; Maechling, P.

2003-12-01

Modern laptop computers, and personal computers, can provide capabilities that are, in many ways, comparable to workstations or departmental servers. However, this doesn't mean we should run all computations on our local computers. We have identified several situations in which it preferable to implement our seismological application programs in a distributed, server-based, computing model. In this model, application programs on the user's laptop, or local computer, invoke programs that run on an organizational server, and the results are returned to the invoking system. Situations in which a server-based architecture may be preferred include: (a) a program is written in a language, or written for an operating environment, that is unsupported on the local computer, (b) software libraries or utilities required to execute a program are not available on the users computer, (c) a computational program is physically too large, or computationally too expensive, to run on a users computer, (d) a user community wants to enforce a consistent method of performing a computation by standardizing on a single implementation of a program, and (e) the computational program may require current information, that is not available to all client computers. Until recently, distributed, server-based, computational capabilities were implemented using client/server architectures. In these architectures, client programs were often written in the same language, and they executed in the same computing environment, as the servers. Recently, a new distributed computational model, called Web Services, has been developed. Web Services are based on Internet standards such as XML, SOAP, WDSL, and UDDI. Web Services offer the promise of platform, and language, independent distributed computing. To investigate this new computational model, and to provide useful services to the SCEC Community, we have implemented several computational and utility programs using a Web Service architecture. We have hosted these Web Services as a part of the SCEC Community Modeling Environment (SCEC/CME) ITR Project (http://www.scec.org/cme). We have implemented Web Services for several of the reasons sited previously. For example, we implemented a FORTRAN-based Earthquake Rupture Forecast (ERF) as a Web Service for use by client computers that don't support a FORTRAN runtime environment. We implemented a Generic Mapping Tool (GMT) Web Service for use by systems that don't have local access to GMT. We implemented a Hazard Map Calculator Web Service to execute Hazard calculations that are too computationally intensive to run on a local system. We implemented a Coordinate Conversion Web Service to enforce a standard and consistent method for converting between UTM and Lat/Lon. Our experience developing these services indicates both strengths and weakness in current Web Service technology. Client programs that utilize Web Services typically need network access, a significant disadvantage at times. Programs with simple input and output parameters were the easiest to implement as Web Services, while programs with complex parameter-types required a significant amount of additional development. We also noted that Web services are very data-oriented, and adapting object-oriented software into the Web Service model proved problematic. Also, the Web Service approach of converting data types into XML format for network transmission has significant inefficiencies for some data sets.

Structured Problem Solving and the Basic Graphic Methods within a Total Quality Leadership Setting: Case Study

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-02-01

develop,, and maintains computer programs for the Department of the Navy. It provides life cycle support for over 50 computer programs installed at over...the computer programs . Table 4 presents a list of possible product or output measures of functionality for ACDS Block 0 programs . Examples of output...were identified as important "causes" of process performance. Functionality of the computer programs was the result or "effect" of the combination of

Space shuttle solid rocket booster recovery system definition. Volume 3: SRB water impact loads computer program, user's manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

This user's manual describes the FORTRAN IV computer program developed to compute the total vertical load, normal concentrated pressure loads, and the center of pressure of typical SRB water impact slapdown pressure distributions specified in the baseline configuration. The program prepares the concentrated pressure load information in punched card format suitable for input to the STAGS computer program. In addition, the program prepares for STAGS input the inertia reacting loads to the slapdown pressure distributions.

Computer programs for forward and inverse modeling of acoustic and electromagnetic data

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ellefsen, Karl J.

2011-01-01

A suite of computer programs was developed by U.S. Geological Survey personnel for forward and inverse modeling of acoustic and electromagnetic data. This report describes the computer resources that are needed to execute the programs, the installation of the programs, the program designs, some tests of their accuracy, and some suggested improvements.

Scratch: Multimedia Programming Environment for Young Gifted Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Young-Jin

2011-01-01

Despite the educational benefits, computer programming has not been adopted in the current K-12 education as much as it could have been. One of the reasons for the low adoption of computer programming in K-12 education is the time it takes for (especially young) students to learn computer programming using a text-based programming language, which…

Enhancing programming logic thinking using analogy mapping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sukamto, R. A.; Megasari, R.

2018-05-01

Programming logic thinking is the most important competence for computer science students. However, programming is one of the difficult subject in computer science program. This paper reports our work about enhancing students' programming logic thinking using Analogy Mapping for basic programming subject. Analogy Mapping is a computer application which converts source code into analogies images. This research used time series evaluation and the result showed that Analogy Mapping can enhance students' programming logic thinking.

Software Reviews. Programs Worth a Second Look.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schneider, Roxanne; Eiser, Leslie

1989-01-01

Reviewed are three computer software packages for use in middle/high school classrooms. Included are "MacWrite II," a word-processing program for MacIntosh computers; "Super Story Tree," a word-processing program for Apple and IBM computers; and "Math Blaster Mystery," for IBM, Apple, and Tandy computers. (CW)

An Interactive Computer-Based Training Program for Beginner Personal Computer Maintenance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Summers, Valerie Brooke

A computer-assisted instructional program, which was developed for teaching beginning computer maintenance to employees of Unisys, covered external hardware maintenance, proper diskette care, making software backups, and electro-static discharge prevention. The procedure used in developing the program was based upon the Dick and Carey (1985) model…

A Review of Models for Teacher Preparation Programs for Precollege Computer Science Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Deek, Fadi P.; Kimmel, Howard

2002-01-01

Discusses the need for adequate precollege computer science education and focuses on the issues of teacher preparation programs and requirements needed to teach high school computer science. Presents models of teacher preparation programs and compares state requirements with Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) recommendations. (Author/LRW)

DYNALIST II : A Computer Program for Stability and Dynamic Response Analysis of Rail Vehicle Systems : Volume 2. User's Manual.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-02-01

A methodology and a computer program, DYNALIST II, have been developed for computing the response of rail vehicle systems to sinusoidal or stationary random rail irregularities. The computer program represents an extension of the earlier DYNALIST pro...

78 FR 45513 - Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-29

...; Computer Matching Program AGENCY: Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC), DoD. ACTION: Notice of a Computer... individual's privacy, and would result in additional delay in determining eligibility and, if applicable, the... Defense. NOTICE OF A COMPUTER MATCHING PROGRAM AMONG THE DEFENSE MANPOWER DATA CENTER, THE DEPARTMENT OF...

76 FR 1410 - Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-10

...; Computer Matching Program AGENCY: Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC), DoD. ACTION: Notice of a Computer... administrative burden, constitute a greater intrusion of the individual's privacy, and would result in additional... Liaison Officer, Department of Defense. Notice of a Computer Matching Program Among the Defense Manpower...

DYNALIST II : A Computer Program for Stability and Dynamic Response Analysis of Rail Vehicle Systems : Volume 1. Technical Report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-02-01

A methodology and a computer program, DYNALIST II, have been developed for computing the response of rail vehicle systems to sinusoidal or stationary random rail irregularities. The computer program represents an extension of the earlier DYNALIST pro...

A Research Program in Computer Technology. 1986 Annual Technical Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-08-01

1986 (Annual Technical Report I July 1985 - June 1986 A Research Program in Computer Technology ISI/SR-87-178 U S C INFORMA-TION S C I EN C ES...Program in Computer Technology (Unclassified) 12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) 151 Research Staff 13a. TYPE OF REPORT 113b. TIME COVERED 14 DATE OF REPORT (Yeer...survivable networks 17. distributed processing, local networks, personal computers, workstation environment 18. computer acquisition, Strategic Computing 19

FORTRAN manpower account program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Strand, J. N.

1972-01-01

Computer program for determining manpower costs for full time, part time, and contractor personnel is discussed. Twelve different tables resulting from computer output are described. Program is written in FORTRAN 4 for IBM 360/65 computer.

Graphics and composite material computer program enhancements for SPAR

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Farley, G. L.; Baker, D. J.

1980-01-01

User documentation is provided for additional computer programs developed for use in conjunction with SPAR. These programs plot digital data, simplify input for composite material section properties, and compute lamina stresses and strains. Sample problems are presented including execution procedures, program input, and graphical output.

Design and performance analysis of solid-propellant rocket motors using a simplified computer program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sforzini, R. H.

1972-01-01

An analysis and a computer program are presented which represent a compromise between the more sophisticated programs using precise burning geometric relations and the textbook type of solutions. The program requires approximately 900 computer cards including a set of 20 input data cards required for a typical problem. The computer operating time for a single configuration is approximately 1 minute and 30 seconds on the IBM 360 computer. About l minute and l5 seconds of the time is compilation time so that additional configurations input at the same time require approximately 15 seconds each. The program uses approximately 11,000 words on the IBM 360. The program is written in FORTRAN 4 and is readily adaptable for use on a number of different computers: IBM 7044, IBM 7094, and Univac 1108.

Improved sonic-box computer program for calculating transonic aerodynamic loads on oscillating wings with thickness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ruo, S. Y.

1978-01-01

A computer program was developed to account approximately for the effects of finite wing thickness in transonic potential flow over an oscillation wing of finite span. The program is based on the original sonic box computer program for planar wing which was extended to account for the effect of wing thickness. Computational efficiency and accuracy were improved and swept trailing edges were accounted for. Account for the nonuniform flow caused by finite thickness was made by application of the local linearization concept with appropriate coordinate transformation. A brief description of each computer routine and the applications of cubic spline and spline surface data fitting techniques used in the program are given, and the method of input was shown in detail. Sample calculations as well as a complete listing of the computer program listing are presented.

Numerical nonlinear inelastic analysis of stiffened shells of revolution. Volume 3: Engineer's program manual for STARS-2P digital computer program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Svalbonas, V.; Levine, H.; Ogilvie, P.

1975-01-01

Engineering programming information is presented for the STARS-2P (shell theory automated for rotational structures-2P (plasticity)) digital computer program, and FORTRAN 4 was used in writing the various subroutines. The execution of this program requires the use of thirteen temporary storage units. The program was initially written and debugged on the IBM 370-165 computer and converted to the UNIVAC 1108 computer, where it utilizes approximately 60,000 words of core. Only basic FORTRAN library routines are required by the program: sine, cosine, absolute value, and square root.

Architecture Adaptive Computing Environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dorband, John E.

2006-01-01

Architecture Adaptive Computing Environment (aCe) is a software system that includes a language, compiler, and run-time library for parallel computing. aCe was developed to enable programmers to write programs, more easily than was previously possible, for a variety of parallel computing architectures. Heretofore, it has been perceived to be difficult to write parallel programs for parallel computers and more difficult to port the programs to different parallel computing architectures. In contrast, aCe is supportable on all high-performance computing architectures. Currently, it is supported on LINUX clusters. aCe uses parallel programming constructs that facilitate writing of parallel programs. Such constructs were used in single-instruction/multiple-data (SIMD) programming languages of the 1980s, including Parallel Pascal, Parallel Forth, C*, *LISP, and MasPar MPL. In aCe, these constructs are extended and implemented for both SIMD and multiple- instruction/multiple-data (MIMD) architectures. Two new constructs incorporated in aCe are those of (1) scalar and virtual variables and (2) pre-computed paths. The scalar-and-virtual-variables construct increases flexibility in optimizing memory utilization in various architectures. The pre-computed-paths construct enables the compiler to pre-compute part of a communication operation once, rather than computing it every time the communication operation is performed.

Guidelines for developing vectorizable computer programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miner, E. W.

1982-01-01

Some fundamental principles for developing computer programs which are compatible with array-oriented computers are presented. The emphasis is on basic techniques for structuring computer codes which are applicable in FORTRAN and do not require a special programming language or exact a significant penalty on a scalar computer. Researchers who are using numerical techniques to solve problems in engineering can apply these basic principles and thus develop transportable computer programs (in FORTRAN) which contain much vectorizable code. The vector architecture of the ASC is discussed so that the requirements of array processing can be better appreciated. The "vectorization" of a finite-difference viscous shock-layer code is used as an example to illustrate the benefits and some of the difficulties involved. Increases in computing speed with vectorization are illustrated with results from the viscous shock-layer code and from a finite-element shock tube code. The applicability of these principles was substantiated through running programs on other computers with array-associated computing characteristics, such as the Hewlett-Packard (H-P) 1000-F.

MPI implementation of PHOENICS: A general purpose computational fluid dynamics code

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Simunovic, S.; Zacharia, T.; Baltas, N.; Spalding, D. B.

1995-03-01

PHOENICS is a suite of computational analysis programs that are used for simulation of fluid flow, heat transfer, and dynamical reaction processes. The parallel version of the solver EARTH for the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) program PHOENICS has been implemented using Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard. Implementation of MPI version of PHOENICS makes this computational tool portable to a wide range of parallel machines and enables the use of high performance computing for large scale computational simulations. MPI libraries are available on several parallel architectures making the program usable across different architectures as well as on heterogeneous computer networks. The Intel Paragon NX and MPI versions of the program have been developed and tested on massively parallel supercomputers Intel Paragon XP/S 5, XP/S 35, and Kendall Square Research, and on the multiprocessor SGI Onyx computer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The preliminary testing results of the developed program have shown scalable performance for reasonably sized computational domains.

MPI implementation of PHOENICS: A general purpose computational fluid dynamics code

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Simunovic, S.; Zacharia, T.; Baltas, N.

1995-04-01

PHOENICS is a suite of computational analysis programs that are used for simulation of fluid flow, heat transfer, and dynamical reaction processes. The parallel version of the solver EARTH for the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) program PHOENICS has been implemented using Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard. Implementation of MPI version of PHOENICS makes this computational tool portable to a wide range of parallel machines and enables the use of high performance computing for large scale computational simulations. MPI libraries are available on several parallel architectures making the program usable across different architectures as well as on heterogeneous computer networks. Themore » Intel Paragon NX and MPI versions of the program have been developed and tested on massively parallel supercomputers Intel Paragon XP/S 5, XP/S 35, and Kendall Square Research, and on the multiprocessor SGI Onyx computer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The preliminary testing results of the developed program have shown scalable performance for reasonably sized computational domains.« less

Digital computer technique for setup and checkout of an analog computer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ambaruch, R.

1968-01-01

Computer program technique, called Analog Computer Check-Out Routine Digitally /ACCORD/, generates complete setup and checkout data for an analog computer. In addition, the correctness of the analog program implementation is validated.

Report on the FY17 Development of Computer Program for ASME Section III, Division 5, Subsection HB, Subpart B Rules

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Swindeman, M. J.; Jetter, R. I.; Sham, T. -L.

One of the objectives of the high temperature design methodology activities is to develop and validate both improvements and the basic features of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Rules for Construction of Nuclear Facility Components, Division 5, High Temperature Reactors, Subsection HB, Subpart B (HBB). The overall scope of this task is to develop a computer program to aid assessment procedures of components under specified loading conditions in accordance with the elevated temperature design requirements for Division 5 Class A components. There are many features and alternative paths of varying complexity in HBB. The initial focus ofmore » this computer program is a basic path through the various options for a single reference material, 316H stainless steel. However, the computer program is being structured for eventual incorporation all of the features and permitted materials of HBB. This report will first provide a description of the overall computer program, particular challenges in developing numerical procedures for the assessment, and an overall approach to computer program development. This is followed by a more comprehensive appendix, which is the draft computer program manual for the program development. The strain limits rules have been implemented in the computer program. The evaluation of creep-fatigue damage will be implemented in future work scope.« less

32 CFR 505.13 - Computer Matching Agreement Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Computer Matching Agreement Program. 505.13 Section 505.13 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY AID OF CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS ARMY PRIVACY ACT PROGRAM § 505.13 Computer Matching Agreement Program. (a...

Computers and Young Children. Storyboard Software: Flannel Boards in the Computer Age.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shade, Daniel D.

1995-01-01

Describes storyboard software as computer programs with which children can build a story using visuals. Notes the importance of such programs from preliterate or nonreading children. Describes a new storyboard program, "Wiggins in Storyland," and its features. Lists recommended storyboard software programs, with publishers and compatible…

ROUTES: a computer program for preliminary route location.

Treesearch

S.E. Reutebuch

1988-01-01

An analytical description of the ROUTES computer program is presented. ROUTES is part of the integrated preliminary harvest- and transportation-planning software package, PLANS. The ROUTES computer program is useful where grade and sideslope limitations are important in determining routes for vehicular travel. With the program, planners can rapidly identify route...

Debugging a high performance computing program

DOEpatents

Gooding, Thomas M.

2014-08-19

Methods, apparatus, and computer program products are disclosed for debugging a high performance computing program by gathering lists of addresses of calling instructions for a plurality of threads of execution of the program, assigning the threads to groups in dependence upon the addresses, and displaying the groups to identify defective threads.

Middle School Teachers' Perceptions of Computer-Assisted Reading Intervention Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bippert, Kelli; Harmon, Janis

2017-01-01

Middle schools often turn to computer-assisted reading intervention programs to improve student reading. The questions guiding this study are (a) in what ways are computer-assisted reading intervention programs utilized, and (b) what are teachers' perceptions about these intervention programs? Nineteen secondary reading teachers were interviewed…

Space shuttle environmental and thermal control life support system computer program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

A computer program for the design and operation of the space shuttle environmental and thermal control life support system is presented. The subjects discussed are: (1) basic optimization program, (2) off design performance, (3) radiator/evaporator expendable usage, (4) component weights, and (5) computer program operating procedures.

Debugging a high performance computing program

DOEpatents

Gooding, Thomas M.

2013-08-20

Methods, apparatus, and computer program products are disclosed for debugging a high performance computing program by gathering lists of addresses of calling instructions for a plurality of threads of execution of the program, assigning the threads to groups in dependence upon the addresses, and displaying the groups to identify defective threads.

The effect of chemical and organic amendments on sodium exchange equilibria in a calcareous sodic soil.

PubMed

Ranjbar, Faranak; Jalali, Mohsen

2015-11-01

In this study, the reclamation of a calcareous sodic soil with the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) value of 26.6% was investigated using the cheap and readily available chemical and organic materials including natural bentonite and zeolite saturated with calcium (Ca2+), waste calcite, three metal oxide nanoparticles functionalized with an acidic extract of potato residues, and potato residues. Chemical amendments were added to the soil at a rate of 2%, while potato residues were applied at the rates of 2 and 4% by weight. The ESP in the amended soils was reduced in the range of 0.9-4.9% compared to the control soil, and the smallest and the largest decline was respectively observed in treatments containing waste calcite and 4% of potato residues. Despite the reduction in ESP, the values of this parameter were not below 15% at the end of a 40-day incubation period. So, the effect of solutions of varying sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 on sodium (Na+) exchange equilibria was evaluated in batch systems. The empirical models (simple linear, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich) fitted well to experimental data. The relations of quantity to intensity (Q/I) revealed that the potential buffering capacity for Na+ (PBCNa) varied from 0.275 to 0.337 ((cmolc kg(-1)) (mmol L(-1))(-1/2)) in the control soil and amended soils. The relationship between exchangeable sodium ratio (ESR) and SAR was individually determined for the control soil and amended soils. The values of Gapon selectivity coefficient (KG) of Na+ differed from the value suggested by U.S. Salinity Laboratory (USSL). The PHREEQC, a geochemical computer program, was applied to simulate Na+ exchange isotherms by using the mechanistic cation exchange model (CEM) along with Gaines-Thomas selectivity coefficients. The simulation results indicated that Na+ exchange isotherms and Q/I and ESR-SAR relations were influenced by the type of counter anions. The values of K G increased in the presence of bicarbonate, sulfate, and phosphate in comparison with the presence of chloride, and the largest value was obtained in the presence of phosphate. So, it can be concluded that the presence of chloride anion is more favorable to reduce ESP compared to other anions, while the presence of phosphate anion makes the reclamation process more difficult. Furthermore, it is possible to reclaim sodic soils using inexpensive and readily available compounds such as potato residues and water management.

Culvert analysis program for indirect measurement of discharge

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fulford, Janice M.; ,

1993-01-01

A program based on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) methods for indirectly computing peak discharges through culverts allows users to employ input data formats used by the water surface profile program (WSPRO). The program can be used to compute discharge rating surfaces or curves that describe the behavior of flow through a particular culvert or to compute discharges from measurements of upstream of the gradually varied flow equations and has been adapted slightly to provide solutions that minimize the need for the user to determine between different flow regimes. The program source is written in Fortran 77 and has been run on mini-computers and personal computers. The program does not use or require graphics capability, a color monitor, or a mouse.

An Exploration of the Role of Visual Programming Tools in the Development of Young Children's Computational Thinking

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rose, Simon P.; Habgood, M. P. Jacob; Jay, Tim

2017-01-01

Programming tools are being used in education to teach computer science to children as young as 5 years old. This research aims to explore young children's approaches to programming in two tools with contrasting programming interfaces, ScratchJr and Lightbot, and considers the impact of programming approaches on developing computational thinking.…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCaskey, Alexander J.

Hybrid programming models for beyond-CMOS technologies will prove critical for integrating new computing technologies alongside our existing infrastructure. Unfortunately the software infrastructure required to enable this is lacking or not available. XACC is a programming framework for extreme-scale, post-exascale accelerator architectures that integrates alongside existing conventional applications. It is a pluggable framework for programming languages developed for next-gen computing hardware architectures like quantum and neuromorphic computing. It lets computational scientists efficiently off-load classically intractable work to attached accelerators through user-friendly Kernel definitions. XACC makes post-exascale hybrid programming approachable for domain computational scientists.

Evaluation of Rankine cycle air conditioning system hardware by computer simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Healey, H. M.; Clark, D.

1978-01-01

A computer program for simulating the performance of a variety of solar powered Rankine cycle air conditioning system components (RCACS) has been developed. The computer program models actual equipment by developing performance maps from manufacturers data and is capable of simulating off-design operation of the RCACS components. The program designed to be a subroutine of the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Solar Energy System Analysis Computer Program 'SOLRAD', is a complete package suitable for use by an occasional computer user in developing performance maps of heating, ventilation and air conditioning components.

75 FR 53004 - Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended; Notice of Computer-Matching Program (Railroad Retirement Board...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-30

... report of this computer-matching program with the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs... INFORMATION: A. General The Computer-Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988, (Pub. L. 100-503), amended... RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended; Notice of Computer-Matching Program...

Structural Optimization Methodology for Rotating Disks of Aircraft Engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Armand, Sasan C.

1995-01-01

In support of the preliminary evaluation of various engine technologies, a methodology has been developed for structurally designing the rotating disks of an aircraft engine. The structural design methodology, along with a previously derived methodology for predicting low-cycle fatigue life, was implemented in a computer program. An interface computer program was also developed that gathers the required data from a flowpath analysis program (WATE) being used at NASA Lewis. The computer program developed for this study requires minimum interaction with the user, thus allowing engineers with varying backgrounds in aeropropulsion to successfully execute it. The stress analysis portion of the methodology and the computer program were verified by employing the finite element analysis method. The 10th- stage, high-pressure-compressor disk of the Energy Efficient Engine Program (E3) engine was used to verify the stress analysis; the differences between the stresses and displacements obtained from the computer program developed for this study and from the finite element analysis were all below 3 percent for the problem solved. The computer program developed for this study was employed to structurally optimize the rotating disks of the E3 high-pressure compressor. The rotating disks designed by the computer program in this study were approximately 26 percent lighter than calculated from the E3 drawings. The methodology is presented herein.

DORCA 2 computer program. Volume 3: Program listing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carey, J. B.

1972-01-01

A program listing for the Dynamic Operational Requirements and Cost Analysis Program is presented. Detailed instructions for the computer programming involved in space mission planning and project requirements are developed.

A vectorization of the Hess McDonnell Douglas potential flow program NUED for the STAR-100 computer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boney, L. R.; Smith, R. E., Jr.

1979-01-01

The computer program NUED for analyzing potential flow about arbitrary three dimensional lifting bodies using the panel method was modified to use vector operations and run on the STAR-100 computer. A high speed of computation and ability to approximate the body surface with a large number of panels are characteristics of NUEDV. The new program shows that vector operations can be readily implemented in programs of this type to increase the computational speed on the STAR-100 computer. The virtual memory architecture of the STAR-100 facilitates the use of large numbers of panels to approximate the body surface.

CHIRAL--A Computer Aided Application of the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Rules.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meyer, Edgar F., Jr.

1978-01-01

A computer program is described for identification of chiral centers in molecules. Essential input to the program includes both atomic and bonding information. The program does not require computer graphic input-output. (BB)

Software Maintenance of the Subway Environment Simulation Computer Program

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-12-01

This document summarizes the software maintenance activities performed to support the Subway Environment Simulation (SES) Computer Program. The SES computer program is a design-oriented analytic tool developed during a recent five-year research proje...

Translator program converts computer printout into braille language

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Powell, R. A.

1967-01-01

Computer program converts print image tape files into six dot Braille cells, enabling a blind computer programmer to monitor and evaluate data generated by his own programs. The Braille output is printed 8 lines per inch.

Improved programs for DNA and protein sequence analysis on the IBM personal computer and other standard computer systems.

PubMed Central

Mount, D W; Conrad, B

1986-01-01

We have previously described programs for a variety of types of sequence analysis (1-4). These programs have now been integrated into a single package. They are written in the standard C programming language and run on virtually any computer system with a C compiler, such as the IBM/PC and other computers running under the MS/DOS and UNIX operating systems. The programs are widely distributed and may be obtained from the authors as described below. PMID:3753780

Computer program for design and performance analysis of navigation-aid power systems. Program documentation. Volume 1: Software requirements document

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goltz, G.; Kaiser, L. M.; Weiner, H.

1977-01-01

A computer program has been developed for designing and analyzing the performance of solar array/battery power systems for the U.S. Coast Guard Navigational Aids. This program is called the Design Synthesis/Performance Analysis (DSPA) Computer Program. The basic function of the Design Synthesis portion of the DSPA program is to evaluate functional and economic criteria to provide specifications for viable solar array/battery power systems. The basic function of the Performance Analysis portion of the DSPA program is to simulate the operation of solar array/battery power systems under specific loads and environmental conditions. This document establishes the software requirements for the DSPA computer program, discusses the processing that occurs within the program, and defines the necessary interfaces for operation.

Orthorectification by Using Gpgpu Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sahin, H.; Kulur, S.

2012-07-01

Thanks to the nature of the graphics processing, the newly released products offer highly parallel processing units with high-memory bandwidth and computational power of more than teraflops per second. The modern GPUs are not only powerful graphic engines but also they are high level parallel programmable processors with very fast computing capabilities and high-memory bandwidth speed compared to central processing units (CPU). Data-parallel computations can be shortly described as mapping data elements to parallel processing threads. The rapid development of GPUs programmability and capabilities attracted the attentions of researchers dealing with complex problems which need high level calculations. This interest has revealed the concepts of "General Purpose Computation on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU)" and "stream processing". The graphic processors are powerful hardware which is really cheap and affordable. So the graphic processors became an alternative to computer processors. The graphic chips which were standard application hardware have been transformed into modern, powerful and programmable processors to meet the overall needs. Especially in recent years, the phenomenon of the usage of graphics processing units in general purpose computation has led the researchers and developers to this point. The biggest problem is that the graphics processing units use different programming models unlike current programming methods. Therefore, an efficient GPU programming requires re-coding of the current program algorithm by considering the limitations and the structure of the graphics hardware. Currently, multi-core processors can not be programmed by using traditional programming methods. Event procedure programming method can not be used for programming the multi-core processors. GPUs are especially effective in finding solution for repetition of the computing steps for many data elements when high accuracy is needed. Thus, it provides the computing process more quickly and accurately. Compared to the GPUs, CPUs which perform just one computing in a time according to the flow control are slower in performance. This structure can be evaluated for various applications of computer technology. In this study covers how general purpose parallel programming and computational power of the GPUs can be used in photogrammetric applications especially direct georeferencing. The direct georeferencing algorithm is coded by using GPGPU method and CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) programming language. Results provided by this method were compared with the traditional CPU programming. In the other application the projective rectification is coded by using GPGPU method and CUDA programming language. Sample images of various sizes, as compared to the results of the program were evaluated. GPGPU method can be used especially in repetition of same computations on highly dense data, thus finding the solution quickly.

Confronting the Issues of Programming in Information Systems Curricula: The Goal Is Success

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Babb, Jeffry; Longenecker, Herbert E., Jr.; Baugh, Jeanne; Feinstein, David

2014-01-01

Computer programming has been part of Information Systems (IS) curricula since the first model curriculum. It is with programming that computers are instructed how to implement our ideas into reality. Yet, over the last decade numbers of computing undergraduates have significantly declined in North American academic programs. In addition, high…

Numerical nonlinear inelastic analysis of stiffened shells of revolution. Volume 4: Satellite-1P program for STARS-2P digital computer program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Svalbonas, V.; Ogilvie, P.

1975-01-01

A special data debugging package called SAT-1P created for the STARS-2P computer program is described. The program was written exclusively in FORTRAN 4 for the IBM 370-165 computer, and then converted to the UNIVAC 1108.

A Computer-Aided Writing Program for Learning Disabled Adolescents.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fais, Laurie; Wanderman, Richard

The paper describes the application of a computer-assisted writing program in a special high school for learning disabled and dyslexic students and reports on a study of the program's effectiveness. Particular advantages of the Macintosh Computer for such a program are identified including use of the mouse pointing tool, graphic icons to identify…

01010000 01001100 01000001 01011001: Play Elements in Computer Programming

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Breslin, Samantha

2013-01-01

This article explores the role of play in human interaction with computers in the context of computer programming. The author considers many facets of programming including the literary practice of coding, the abstract design of programs, and more mundane activities such as testing, debugging, and hacking. She discusses how these incorporate the…

A Proposed Programming System for Knuth's Mix Computer.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Akers, Max Neil

A programing system using a hypothetical computer is proposed for use in teaching machine and assembly language programing courses. Major components such as monitor, assembler, interpreter, grader, and diagnostics are described. The interpreter is programed and documented for use on an IBM 360/67 computer. The interpreter can be used for teaching…

Some Analogies between Computer Programming and the Composing Process.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skulicz, Matthew

Since there are similarities between the process of writing computer programs and the process of writing successful expository prose, a student's knowledge of computer programing can contribute to the understanding of some principles of composition. The establishment of a clear objective is the first priority of both the writer and the programer,…

Base Numeration Systems and Introduction to Computer Programming.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, K. Ed.; And Others

This teaching guide is for the instructor of an introductory course in computer programming using FORTRAN language. Five FORTRAN programs are incorporated in this guide, which has been used as a FORTRAN IV SELF TEACHER. The base eight, base four, and base two concepts are integrated with FORTRAN computer programs, geoblock activities, and related…

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 67 - Computer Program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Computer Program C Appendix C to Part... APPROVAL OF STATE NONCOMPLIANCE PENALTY PROGRAM Pt. 67, App. C Appendix C to Part 67—Computer Program Note: EPA will make copies of appendix C available from: Director, Stationary Source Compliance Division, EN...

Personalized Computer-Assisted Mathematics Problem-Solving Program and Its Impact on Taiwanese Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Chiu-Jung; Liu, Pei-Lin

2007-01-01

This study evaluated the effects of a personalized computer-assisted mathematics problem-solving program on the performance and attitude of Taiwanese fourth grade students. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the personalized computer-assisted program improved student performance and attitude over the nonpersonalized program.…

Design and Curriculum Considerations for a Computer Graphics Program in the Arts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leeman, Ruedy W.

This history and state-of-the-art review of computer graphics describes computer graphics programs and proposed programs at Sheridan College (Canada), the Rhode Island School of Design, the University of Oregon, Northern Illinois University, and Ohio State University. These programs are discussed in terms of their philosophy, curriculum, student…

37 CFR 201.40 - Exemption to prohibition against circumvention.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... security of the owner or operator of a computer, computer system, or computer network; and (ii) The... film and media studies students; (ii) Documentary filmmaking; (iii) Noncommercial videos. (2) Computer... lawfully obtained, with computer programs on the telephone handset. (3) Computer programs, in the form of...

Method and computer program product for maintenance and modernization backlogging

DOEpatents

Mattimore, Bernard G; Reynolds, Paul E; Farrell, Jill M

2013-02-19

According to one embodiment, a computer program product for determining future facility conditions includes a computer readable medium having computer readable program code stored therein. The computer readable program code includes computer readable program code for calculating a time period specific maintenance cost, for calculating a time period specific modernization factor, and for calculating a time period specific backlog factor. Future facility conditions equal the time period specific maintenance cost plus the time period specific modernization factor plus the time period specific backlog factor. In another embodiment, a computer-implemented method for calculating future facility conditions includes calculating a time period specific maintenance cost, calculating a time period specific modernization factor, and calculating a time period specific backlog factor. Future facility conditions equal the time period specific maintenance cost plus the time period specific modernization factor plus the time period specific backlog factor. Other embodiments are also presented.

Program listing for the REEDM (Rocket Exhaust Effluent Diffusion Model) computer program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bjorklund, J. R.; Dumbauld, R. K.; Cheney, C. S.; Geary, H. V.

1982-01-01

The program listing for the REEDM Computer Program is provided. A mathematical description of the atmospheric dispersion models, cloud-rise models, and other formulas used in the REEDM model; vehicle and source parameters, other pertinent physical properties of the rocket exhaust cloud and meteorological layering techniques; user's instructions for the REEDM computer program; and worked example problems are contained in NASA CR-3646.

Controlling Laboratory Processes From A Personal Computer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Will, H.; Mackin, M. A.

1991-01-01

Computer program provides natural-language process control from IBM PC or compatible computer. Sets up process-control system that either runs without operator or run by workers who have limited programming skills. Includes three smaller programs. Two of them, written in FORTRAN 77, record data and control research processes. Third program, written in Pascal, generates FORTRAN subroutines used by other two programs to identify user commands with device-driving routines written by user. Also includes set of input data allowing user to define user commands to be executed by computer. Requires personal computer operating under MS-DOS with suitable hardware interfaces to all controlled devices. Also requires FORTRAN 77 compiler and device drivers written by user.

User's Guide for Computer Program that Routes Signal Traces

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hedgley, David R., Jr.

2000-01-01

This disk contains both a FORTRAN computer program and the corresponding user's guide that facilitates both its incorporation into your system and its utility. The computer program represents an efficient algorithm that routes signal traces on layers of a printed circuit with both through-pins and surface mounts. The computer program included is an implementation of the ideas presented in the theoretical paper titled "A Formal Algorithm for Routing Signal Traces on a Printed Circuit Board", NASA TP-3639 published in 1996. The computer program in the "connects" file can be read with a FORTRAN compiler and readily integrated into software unique to each particular environment where it might be used.

Energy consumption program: A computer model simulating energy loads in buildings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stoller, F. W.; Lansing, F. L.; Chai, V. W.; Higgins, S.

1978-01-01

The JPL energy consumption computer program developed as a useful tool in the on-going building modification studies in the DSN energy conservation project is described. The program simulates building heating and cooling loads and computes thermal and electric energy consumption and cost. The accuracy of computations are not sacrificed, however, since the results lie within + or - 10 percent margin compared to those read from energy meters. The program is carefully structured to reduce both user's time and running cost by asking minimum information from the user and reducing many internal time-consuming computational loops. Many unique features were added to handle two-level electronics control rooms not found in any other program.

76 FR 12984 - Privacy Act of 1974; Notice of a Computer Matching Program Between HUD and the United States...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-09

... of a Computer Matching Program Between HUD and the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) AGENCY: Office of the Chief Information Officer, HUD. ACTION: Notice of a computer matching program... the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988 (Pub. L. 100-503), and the Office of...

A Successful Bootstrap Program for Infusion of Computer Competencies into a School of Education Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Dusseldorp, Ralph

1984-01-01

Describes the successful, low-cost program for infusion of computer competencies into the curriculum of the School of Education at the University of Alaska, Anchorage, where all students are required to become computer competent prior to graduation. Computer competency goals for students in school's certification programs are outlined. (MBR)

78 FR 71591 - Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program between the U.S. Department of Education (ED) and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-29

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program between the U.S. Department.... ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given of the renewal of the computer matching program between... (VA) (source agency). After the ED and VA Data Integrity Boards approve a new computer matching...

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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-21

... RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988; Report of Matching...: Notice of a renewal of an existing computer matching program due to expire on May 24, 2013. SUMMARY: As... of its intent to renew an ongoing computer matching program. In this match, we provide certain...

78 FR 70971 - Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended; Notice of Computer Matching Program (Railroad Retirement Board...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-27

... will file a report of this computer-matching program with the Committee on Homeland Security and... . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: A. General The Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988, (Pub. L. 100-503... RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended; Notice of Computer Matching Program...

76 FR 50460 - Privacy Act of 1974; Notice of a Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-15

...; Notice of a Computer Matching Program AGENCY: Defense Manpower Data Center, Department of Defense (DoD). ACTION: Notice of a Computer Matching Program. SUMMARY: Subsection (e)(12) of the Privacy Act of 1974, as amended, (5 U.S.C. 552a) requires agencies to publish advance notice of any proposed or revised computer...

77 FR 32085 - Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended; Renewal of Computer Matching Program Between the U.S. Department...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-31

... Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988 (Pub. L. 100-503) and the Computer Matching and Privacy... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended; Renewal of Computer Matching Program.... ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This document provides notice of the renewal of the computer matching program...

A Study of the Programming Languages Used in Information Systems and in Computer Science Curricula

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Russell, Jack; Russell, Barbara; Pollacia, Lissa F.; Tastle, William J.

2010-01-01

This paper researches the computer languages taught in the first, second and third programming courses in Computer Information Systems (CIS), Management Information Systems (MIS or IS) curricula as well as in Computer Science (CS) and Information Technology (IT) curricula. Instructors teaching the first course in programming within a four year…

76 FR 77811 - Privacy Act of 1974; Notice of a Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-14

...; Notice of a Computer Matching Program AGENCY: Defense Manpower Data Center, Department of Defense (DoD). ACTION: Notice of a Computer Matching Program. SUMMARY: Subsection (e)(12) of the Privacy Act of 1974, as amended, (5 U.S.C. 552a) requires agencies to publish advance notice of any proposed or revised computer...

Computer program for the IBM personal computer which searches for approximate matches to short oligonucleotide sequences in long target DNA sequences.

PubMed Central

Myers, E W; Mount, D W

1986-01-01

We describe a program which may be used to find approximate matches to a short predefined DNA sequence in a larger target DNA sequence. The program predicts the usefulness of specific DNA probes and sequencing primers and finds nearly identical sequences that might represent the same regulatory signal. The program is written in the C programming language and will run on virtually any computer system with a C compiler, such as the IBM/PC and other computers running under the MS/DOS and UNIX operating systems. The program has been integrated into an existing software package for the IBM personal computer (see article by Mount and Conrad, this volume). Some examples of its use are given. PMID:3753785

76 FR 41234 - Advanced Scientific Computing Advisory Committee Charter Renewal

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-13

... Secretariat, General Services Administration, notice is hereby given that the Advanced Scientific Computing... advice and recommendations concerning the Advanced Scientific Computing program in response only to... Advanced Scientific Computing Research program and recommendations based thereon; --Advice on the computing...

Implementation of a computer database testing and analysis program.

PubMed

Rouse, Deborah P

2007-01-01

The author is the coordinator of a computer software database testing and analysis program implemented in an associate degree nursing program. Computer software database programs help support the testing development and analysis process. Critical thinking is measurable and promoted with their use. The reader of this article will learn what is involved in procuring and implementing a computer database testing and analysis program in an academic nursing program. The use of the computerized database for testing and analysis will be approached as a method to promote and evaluate the nursing student's critical thinking skills and to prepare the nursing student for the National Council Licensure Examination.

Computer simulation of space station computer steered high gain antenna

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beach, S. W.

1973-01-01

The mathematical modeling and programming of a complete simulation program for a space station computer-steered high gain antenna are described. The program provides for reading input data cards, numerically integrating up to 50 first order differential equations, and monitoring up to 48 variables on printed output and on plots. The program system consists of a high gain antenna, an antenna gimbal control system, an on board computer, and the environment in which all are to operate.

Shuttle user analysis (study 2.2): Volume 3. Business Risk And Value of Operations in space (BRAVO). Part 4: Computer programs and data look-up

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

Computer program listings as well as graphical and tabulated data needed by the analyst to perform a BRAVO analysis were examined. Graphical aid which can be used to determine the earth coverage of satellites in synchronous equatorial orbits was described. A listing for satellite synthesis computer program as well as a sample printout for the DSCS-11 satellite program and a listing of the symbols used in the program were included. The APL language listing for the payload program cost estimating computer program was given. This language is compatible with many of the time sharing remote terminals computers used in the United States. Data on the intelsat communications network was studied. Costs for telecommunications systems leasing, line of sight microwave relay communications systems, submarine telephone cables, and terrestrial power generation systems were also described.

76 FR 49753 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-11

... Defense. DHA 14 System name: Computer/Electronics Accommodations Program for People with Disabilities... with ``Computer/Electronic Accommodations Program.'' System location: Delete entry and replace with ``Computer/Electronic Accommodations Program, Skyline 5, Suite 302, 5111 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA...

Computers and the Multiplicity of Polynomial Roots.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wavrik, John J.

1982-01-01

Described are stages in the development of a computer program to solve a particular algebra problem and the nature of algebraic computation is presented. A program in BASIC is provided to give ideas to others for developing their own programs. (MP)

Computer Program To Transliterate Into Arabic

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stephan, E.

1986-01-01

Conceptual program for TRS-80, Model 12 (or equivalent) computer transliterates from English letters of computer keyboard to Arabic characters in output of associated printer. Program automatically changes character sequence from left-to-right of English to right-to-left of Arabic.

Evolving binary classifiers through parallel computation of multiple fitness cases.

PubMed

Cagnoni, Stefano; Bergenti, Federico; Mordonini, Monica; Adorni, Giovanni

2005-06-01

This paper describes two versions of a novel approach to developing binary classifiers, based on two evolutionary computation paradigms: cellular programming and genetic programming. Such an approach achieves high computation efficiency both during evolution and at runtime. Evolution speed is optimized by allowing multiple solutions to be computed in parallel. Runtime performance is optimized explicitly using parallel computation in the case of cellular programming or implicitly taking advantage of the intrinsic parallelism of bitwise operators on standard sequential architectures in the case of genetic programming. The approach was tested on a digit recognition problem and compared with a reference classifier.

SSME structural computer program development. Volume 2: BOPACE users manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vos, R. G.

1973-01-01

A computer program for use with a thermal-elastic-plastic-creep structural analyzer is presented. The following functions of the computer program are discussed: (1) analysis of very high temperature and large plastic-creep effects, (2) treatment of cyclic thermal and mechanical loads, (3) development of constitutive theory which closely follows actual behavior under variable temperature conditions, (4) stable numerical solution approach which avoids cumulative errors, and (5) capability of handling up to 1000 degrees of freedom. The computer program is written in FORTRAN IV and has been run on the IBM 360 and UNIVAC 1108 computer systems.

An automated procedure for developing hybrid computer simulations of turbofan engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Szuch, J. R.; Krosel, S. M.

1980-01-01

A systematic, computer-aided, self-documenting methodology for developing hybrid computer simulations of turbofan engines is presented. The methodology makes use of a host program that can run on a large digital computer and a machine-dependent target (hybrid) program. The host program performs all of the calculations and date manipulations needed to transform user-supplied engine design information to a form suitable for the hybrid computer. The host program also trims the self contained engine model to match specified design point information. A test case is described and comparisons between hybrid simulation and specified engine performance data are presented.

Evolution of a standard microprocessor-based space computer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fernandez, M.

1980-01-01

An existing in inventory computer hardware/software package (B-1 RFS/ECM) was repackaged and applied to multiple missile/space programs. Concurrent with the application efforts, low risk modifications were made to the computer from program to program to take advantage of newer, advanced technology and to meet increasingly more demanding requirements (computational and memory capabilities, longer life, and fault tolerant autonomy). It is concluded that microprocessors hold promise in a number of critical areas for future space computer applications. However, the benefits of the DoD VHSIC Program are required and the old proliferation problem must be revised.

Parallel and serial computing tools for testing single-locus and epistatic SNP effects of quantitative traits in genome-wide association studies

PubMed Central

Ma, Li; Runesha, H Birali; Dvorkin, Daniel; Garbe, John R; Da, Yang

2008-01-01

Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers provide opportunities to detect epistatic SNPs associated with quantitative traits and to detect the exact mode of an epistasis effect. Computational difficulty is the main bottleneck for epistasis testing in large scale GWAS. Results The EPISNPmpi and EPISNP computer programs were developed for testing single-locus and epistatic SNP effects on quantitative traits in GWAS, including tests of three single-locus effects for each SNP (SNP genotypic effect, additive and dominance effects) and five epistasis effects for each pair of SNPs (two-locus interaction, additive × additive, additive × dominance, dominance × additive, and dominance × dominance) based on the extended Kempthorne model. EPISNPmpi is the parallel computing program for epistasis testing in large scale GWAS and achieved excellent scalability for large scale analysis and portability for various parallel computing platforms. EPISNP is the serial computing program based on the EPISNPmpi code for epistasis testing in small scale GWAS using commonly available operating systems and computer hardware. Three serial computing utility programs were developed for graphical viewing of test results and epistasis networks, and for estimating CPU time and disk space requirements. Conclusion The EPISNPmpi parallel computing program provides an effective computing tool for epistasis testing in large scale GWAS, and the epiSNP serial computing programs are convenient tools for epistasis analysis in small scale GWAS using commonly available computer hardware. PMID:18644146

Empirical and mechanistic evaluation of NH4(+) release kinetic in calcareous soils.

PubMed

Ranjbar, F; Jalali, M

2014-05-01

Release, fixation, and distribution of ammonium (NH4(+)) as a source of nitrogen can play an important role in soil fertility and plant nutrition. In this study, ten surface soils, after addition of 1,000 mg NH4(+) kg(-1,) were incubated for 1 week at the field capacity moisture and 25 ± 2 °C temperature, and then NH4(+) release kinetic was investigated by sequential extractions with 10 mM CaCl2. Furthermore, NH4(+) distribution among three fractions, including water-soluble, exchangeable, and non-exchangeable, was determined in all soil samples. NH4(+) release was initially rapid followed by a slower reaction, and this was described well with the Elovich equation as an empirical model. The cumulative NH4(+) concentration released in spiked soil samples had a positive significant correlation with sand content and negative ones with pH, exchangeable Ca(2+)m and K(+), cation exchange capacity (CEC), equivalent calcium carbonate (ECC), and clay content. The cation exchange model in the PHREEQC program was successful in mechanistic simulation of the release trend of native and added NH4(+) in all control and spiked soil samples. The results of fractionation experiments showed that the non-exchangeable fraction in control and spiked soil samples was greater than that in water-soluble and exchangeable fractions. Soil properties, such as pH, exchangeable Ca(2+) and K(+), CEC, ECC, and contents of sand and clay, had significant influences on the distribution of NH4(+) among three measured fractions. This study indicated that both native and recently fixed NH4(+), added to soil through the application of fertilizers, were readily available for plant roots during 1 week after exposure.

Experiences with Efficient Methodologies for Teaching Computer Programming to Geoscientists

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobs, Christian T.; Gorman, Gerard J.; Rees, Huw E.; Craig, Lorraine E.

2016-01-01

Computer programming was once thought of as a skill required only by professional software developers. But today, given the ubiquitous nature of computation and data science it is quickly becoming necessary for all scientists and engineers to have at least a basic knowledge of how to program. Teaching how to program, particularly to those students…

Computer programs for calculating two-dimensional potential flow through deflected nozzles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hawk, J. D.; Stockman, N. O.

1979-01-01

Computer programs to calculate the incompressible potential flow, corrected for compressibility, in two-dimensional nozzles at arbitrary operating conditions are presented. A statement of the problem to be solved, a description of each of the computer programs, and sufficient documentation, including a test case, to enable a user to run the program are included.

Exploring Poetry through Interactive Computer Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nimchinsky, Howard; Camp, Jocelyn

The goal of a project was to design, test, and evaluate several computer programs that allow students in introductory literature and poetry courses to explore a poem in detail and, through a dialogue with the program, to develop their own interpretation of it. Computer programs were completed on poems by Robert Frost and W.H. Auden. Both programs…

Pre-Service Teachers' Uses of and Barriers from Adopting Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Samani, Ebrahim; Baki, Roselan; Razali, Abu Bakar

2014-01-01

Success in implementation of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) programs depends on the teachers' understanding of the roles of CALL programs in education. Consequently, it is also important to understand the barriers teachers face in the use of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) programs. The current study was conducted on 14…

A Two-Tier Test-Based Approach to Improving Students' Computer-Programming Skills in a Web-Based Learning Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yang, Tzu-Chi; Hwang, Gwo-Jen; Yang, Stephen J. H.; Hwang, Gwo-Haur

2015-01-01

Computer programming is an important skill for engineering and computer science students. However, teaching and learning programming concepts and skills has been recognized as a great challenge to both teachers and students. Therefore, the development of effective learning strategies and environments for programming courses has become an important…

Influence matrix program for aerodynamic lifting surface theory. [in subsonic flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Medan, R. T.; Ray, K. S.

1973-01-01

A users manual is described for a USA FORTRAN 4 computer program which computes an aerodynamic influence matrix and is one of several computer programs used to analyze lifting, thin wings in steady, subsonic flow according to a kernel function method lifting surface theory. The most significant features of the program are that it can treat unsymmetrical wings, control points can be placed on the leading and/or trailing edges, and a stable, efficient algorithm is used to compute the influence matrix.

Design of microstrip components by computer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cisco, T. C.

1972-01-01

A number of computer programs are presented for use in the synthesis of microwave components in microstrip geometries. The programs compute the electrical and dimensional parameters required to synthesize couplers, filters, circulators, transformers, power splitters, diode switches, multipliers, diode attenuators and phase shifters. Additional programs are included to analyze and optimize cascaded transmission lines and lumped element networks, to analyze and synthesize Chebyshev and Butterworth filter prototypes, and to compute mixer intermodulation products. The programs are written in FORTRAN and the emphasis of the study is placed on the use of these programs and not on the theoretical aspects of the structures.

Operational procedure for computer program for design point characteristics of a gas generator or a turbojet lift engine for V/STOL applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Krebs, R. P.

1972-01-01

The computer program described calculates the design-point characteristics of a gas generator or a turbojet lift engine for V/STOL applications. The program computes the dimensions and mass, as well as the thermodynamic performance of the model engine and its components. The program was written in FORTRAN 4 language. Provision has been made so that the program accepts input values in either SI Units or U.S. Customary Units. Each engine design-point calculation requires less than 0.5 second of 7094 computer time.

a Recursive Approach to Compute Normal Forms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

HSU, L.; MIN, L. J.; FAVRETTO, L.

2001-06-01

Normal forms are instrumental in the analysis of dynamical systems described by ordinary differential equations, particularly when singularities close to a bifurcation are to be characterized. However, the computation of a normal form up to an arbitrary order is numerically hard. This paper focuses on the computer programming of some recursive formulas developed earlier to compute higher order normal forms. A computer program to reduce the system to its normal form on a center manifold is developed using the Maple symbolic language. However, it should be stressed that the program relies essentially on recursive numerical computations, while symbolic calculations are used only for minor tasks. Some strategies are proposed to save computation time. Examples are presented to illustrate the application of the program to obtain high order normalization or to handle systems with large dimension.

When technology became language: the origins of the linguistic conception of computer programming, 1950-1960.

PubMed

Nofre, David; Priestley, Mark; Alberts, Gerard

2014-01-01

Language is one of the central metaphors around which the discipline of computer science has been built. The language metaphor entered modern computing as part of a cybernetic discourse, but during the second half of the 1950s acquired a more abstract meaning, closely related to the formal languages of logic and linguistics. The article argues that this transformation was related to the appearance of the commercial computer in the mid-1950s. Managers of computing installations and specialists on computer programming in academic computer centers, confronted with an increasing variety of machines, called for the creation of "common" or "universal languages" to enable the migration of computer code from machine to machine. Finally, the article shows how the idea of a universal language was a decisive step in the emergence of programming languages, in the recognition of computer programming as a proper field of knowledge, and eventually in the way we think of the computer.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing. Florida Vocational Program Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

University of South Florida, Tampa. Dept. of Adult and Vocational Education.

This packet contains a program guide and Career Merit Achievement Plan (Career MAP) for the implementation of a computer-integrated manufacturing program in Florida secondary and postsecondary schools. The program guide describes the program content and structure, provides a program description, lists job titles under the program, and includes a…

Computer Engineering Technology. Florida Vocational Program Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

University of South Florida, Tampa. Dept. of Adult and Vocational Education.

This packet contains a program guide and Career Merit Achievement Plan (Career MAP) for the implementation of a computer engineering technology program in Florida secondary and postsecondary schools. The program guide describes the program content and structure, provides a program description, lists job titles under the program, and includes a…

Computer-aided programming for message-passing system; Problems and a solution

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, M.Y.; Gajski, D.D.

1989-12-01

As the number of processors and the complexity of problems to be solved increase, programming multiprocessing systems becomes more difficult and error-prone. Program development tools are necessary since programmers are not able to develop complex parallel programs efficiently. Parallel models of computation, parallelization problems, and tools for computer-aided programming (CAP) are discussed. As an example, a CAP tool that performs scheduling and inserts communication primitives automatically is described. It also generates the performance estimates and other program quality measures to help programmers in improving their algorithms and programs.

Thermochemical cycle analysis using linked CECS72 and HYDRGN computer programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Donovan, L. F.

1977-01-01

A combined thermochemical cycle analysis computer program was designed. Input to the combined program is the same as input to the thermochemical cycle analysis program except that the extent of the reactions need not be specified. The combined program is designed to be run interactively from a computer time-sharing terminal. This mode of operation allows correction or modification of the cycle to take place during cycle analysis. A group of 13 thermochemical cycles was used to test the combined program.

Optical Design Using Small Dedicated Computers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sinclair, Douglas C.

1980-09-01

Since the time of the 1975 International Lens Design Conference, we have developed a series of optical design programs for Hewlett-Packard desktop computers. The latest programs in the series, OSLO-25G and OSLO-45G, have most of the capabilities of general-purpose optical design programs, including optimization based on exact ray-trace data. The computational techniques used in the programs are similar to ones used in other programs, but the creative environment experienced by a designer working directly with these small dedicated systems is typically much different from that obtained with shared-computer systems. Some of the differences are due to the psychological factors associated with using a system having zero running cost, while others are due to the design of the program, which emphasizes graphical output and ease of use, as opposed to computational speed.

A computer program for calculation of approximate embryo/fetus radiation dose in nuclear medicine applications.

PubMed

Bayram, Tuncay; Sönmez, Bircan

2012-04-01

In this study, we aimed to make a computer program that calculates approximate radiation dose received by embryo/fetus in nuclear medicine applications. Radiation dose values per MBq-1 received by embryo/fetus in nuclear medicine applications were gathered from literature for various stages of pregnancy. These values were embedded in the computer code, which was written in Fortran 90 program language. The computer program called nmfdose covers almost all radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine applications. Approximate radiation dose received by embryo/fetus can be calculated easily at a few steps using this computer program. Although there are some constraints on using the program for some special cases, nmfdose is useful and it provides practical solution for calculation of approximate dose to embryo/fetus in nuclear medicine applications. None declared.

Gender and stereotypes in motivation to study computer programming for careers in multimedia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doubé, Wendy; Lang, Catherine

2012-03-01

A multimedia university programme with relatively equal numbers of male and female students in elective programming subjects provided a rare opportunity to investigate female motivation to study and pursue computer programming in a career. The MSLQ was used to survey 85 participants. In common with research into deterrence of females from STEM domains, females displayed significantly lower self-efficacy and expectancy for success. In contrast to research into deterrence of females from STEM domains, both genders placed similar high values on computer programming and shared high extrinsic and intrinsic goal orientation. The authors propose that the stereotype associated with a creative multimedia career could attract female participation in computer programming whereas the stereotype associated with computer science could be a deterrent.

A review of small canned computer programs for survey research and demographic analysis.

PubMed

Sinquefield, J C

1976-12-01

A variety of small canned computer programs for survey research and demographic analysis appropriate for use in developing countries are reviewed in this article. The programs discussed are SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences); CENTS, CO-CENTS, CENTS-AID, CENTS-AIE II; MINI-TAB EDIT, FREQUENCIES, TABLES, REGRESSION, CLIENT RECORD, DATES, MULT, LIFE, and PREGNANCY HISTORY; FIVFIV and SINSIN; DCL (Demographic Computer Library); MINI-TAB Population Projection, Functional Population Projection, and Family Planning Target Projection. A description and evaluation for each program of uses, instruction manuals, computer requirements, and procedures for obtaining manuals and programs are provided. Such information is intended to facilitate and encourage the use of the computer by data processors in developing countries.

A DNA sequence analysis package for the IBM personal computer.

PubMed Central

Lagrimini, L M; Brentano, S T; Donelson, J E

1984-01-01

We present here a collection of DNA sequence analysis programs, called "PC Sequence" (PCS), which are designed to run on the IBM Personal Computer (PC). These programs are written in IBM PC compiled BASIC and take full advantage of the IBM PC's speed, error handling, and graphics capabilities. For a modest initial expense in hardware any laboratory can use these programs to quickly perform computer analysis on DNA sequences. They are written with the novice user in mind and require very little training or previous experience with computers. Also provided are a text editing program for creating and modifying DNA sequence files and a communications program which enables the PC to communicate with and collect information from mainframe computers and DNA sequence databases. PMID:6546433

Catalog of Computer Programs Used in Undergraduate Geological Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burger, H. Robert

1983-01-01

Provides list of mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry computer programs. Each entry includes a brief description, program name and language, availability of program listing, and source and/or reference. (JN)

Exploring Pair Programming Benefits for MIS Majors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dongo, Tendai; Reed, April H.; O'Hara, Margaret

2016-01-01

Pair programming is a collaborative programming practice that places participants in dyads, working in tandem at one computer to complete programming assignments. Pair programming studies with Computer Science (CS) and Software Engineering (SE) majors have identified benefits such as technical productivity, program/design quality, academic…

SURE reliability analysis: Program and mathematics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Butler, Ricky W.; White, Allan L.

1988-01-01

The SURE program is a new reliability analysis tool for ultrareliable computer system architectures. The computational methods on which the program is based provide an efficient means for computing accurate upper and lower bounds for the death state probabilities of a large class of semi-Markov models. Once a semi-Markov model is described using a simple input language, the SURE program automatically computes the upper and lower bounds on the probability of system failure. A parameter of the model can be specified as a variable over a range of values directing the SURE program to perform a sensitivity analysis automatically. This feature, along with the speed of the program, makes it especially useful as a design tool.

Survey: Computer Usage in Design Courses.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henley, Ernest J.

1983-01-01

Presents results of a survey of chemical engineering departments regarding computer usage in senior design courses. Results are categorized according to: computer usage (use of process simulators, student-written programs, faculty-written or "canned" programs; costs (hard and soft money); and available software. Programs offered are…

Computer-Based Educational Software System. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brandt, Richard C.; Davis, Bradley N.

CBESS (Computer-Based Educational Software System) is a set of 22 programs addressing authoring, instructional delivery, and instructional management. The programs are divided into five groups: (1) Computer-Based Memorization System (CBMS), which helps students acquire and maintain declarative (factual) knowledge (11 programs); (2) Language Skills…

Frequency Domain Computer Programs for Prediction and Analysis of Rail Vehicle Dynamics : Volume 1. Technical Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-12-01

Frequency domain computer programs developed or acquired by TSC for the analysis of rail vehicle dynamics are described in two volumes. Volume I defines the general analytical capabilities required for computer programs applicable to single rail vehi...

78 FR 15734 - Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-12

... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Office of the Secretary [Docket No. DHS-2013-0010] Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program AGENCY: Department of Homeland Security/U.S. Citizenship and... computer matching program between the Department of Homeland Security/U.S. Citizenship and Immigration...

78 FR 15733 - Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-12

... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Office of the Secretary [Docket No. DHS-2013-0008] Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program AGENCY: Department of Homeland Security/U.S. Citizenship and... computer matching program between the Department of Homeland Security/U.S. Citizenship and Immigration...

78 FR 15731 - Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-12

... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Office of the Secretary [Docket No. DHS-2013-0011] Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program AGENCY: Department of Homeland Security/U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. ACTION: Notice. Overview Information: Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program...

78 FR 15732 - Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-12

... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Office of the Secretary [Docket No. DHS-2013-0007] Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program AGENCY: Department of Homeland Security/U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. ACTION: Notice. Overview Information: Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program...

78 FR 32711 - Privacy Act of 1974: Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-31

... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS Privacy Act of 1974: Computer Matching Program AGENCY: Department of Veterans Affairs. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides notice that it intends to conduct a recurring computer-matching program matching Internal Revenue Service (IRS...

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Programs in Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Business Machines Corp., Milford, CT. Academic Information Systems.

This publication focuses on computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) programs at several higher education institutions which teach the use of computing in manufacturing. The document describes programs at the following institutions: University of Alabama (where researchers are investigating CIM techniques with a key focus on transferring their…

Advanced Simulation & Computing FY15 Implementation Plan Volume 2, Rev. 0.5

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCoy, Michel; Archer, Bill; Matzen, M. Keith

2014-09-16

The Stockpile Stewardship Program (SSP) is a single, highly integrated technical program for maintaining the surety and reliability of the U.S. nuclear stockpile. The SSP uses nuclear test data, computational modeling and simulation, and experimental facilities to advance understanding of nuclear weapons. It includes stockpile surveillance, experimental research, development and engineering programs, and an appropriately scaled production capability to support stockpile requirements. This integrated national program requires the continued use of experimental facilities and programs, and the computational enhancements to support these programs. The Advanced Simulation and Computing Program (ASC) is a cornerstone of the SSP, providing simulation capabilities andmore » computational resources that support annual stockpile assessment and certification, study advanced nuclear weapons design and manufacturing processes, analyze accident scenarios and weapons aging, and provide the tools to enable stockpile Life Extension Programs (LEPs) and the resolution of Significant Finding Investigations (SFIs). This requires a balance of resource, including technical staff, hardware, simulation software, and computer science solutions. As the program approaches the end of its second decade, ASC is intently focused on increasing predictive capabilities in a three-dimensional (3D) simulation environment while maintaining support to the SSP. The program continues to improve its unique tools for solving progressively more difficult stockpile problems (sufficient resolution, dimensionality, and scientific details), quantify critical margins and uncertainties, and resolve increasingly difficult analyses needed for the SSP. Where possible, the program also enables the use of high-performance simulation and computing tools to address broader national security needs, such as foreign nuclear weapon assessments and counternuclear terrorism.« less

The Effect of In-Service Training of Computer Science Teachers on Scratch Programming Language Skills Using an Electronic Learning Platform on Programming Skills and the Attitudes towards Teaching Programming

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alkaria, Ahmed; Alhassan, Riyadh

2017-01-01

This study was conducted to examine the effect of in-service training of computer science teachers in Scratch language using an electronic learning platform on acquiring programming skills and attitudes towards teaching programming. The sample of this study consisted of 40 middle school computer science teachers. They were assigned into two…

Computer programs to assist in high resolution thermal denaturation and circular dichroism studies on nucleic acids

PubMed Central

Goodman, Thomas C.; Hardies, Stephen C.; Cortez, Carlos; Hillen, Wolfgang

1981-01-01

Computer programs are described that direct the collection, processing, and graphical display of numerical data obtained from high resolution thermal denaturation (1-3) and circular dichroism (4) studies. Besides these specific applications, the programs may also be useful, either directly or as programming models, in other types of spectrophotometric studies employing computers, programming languages, or instruments similar to those described here (see Materials and Methods). PMID:7335498

Method of fan sound mode structure determination computer program user's manual: Microphone location program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pickett, G. F.; Wells, R. A.; Love, R. A.

1977-01-01

A computer user's manual describing the operation and the essential features of the microphone location program is presented. The Microphone Location Program determines microphone locations that ensure accurate and stable results from the equation system used to calculate modal structures. As part of the computational procedure for the Microphone Location Program, a first-order measure of the stability of the equation system was indicated by a matrix 'conditioning' number.

Using the TouchMath Program to Teach Mathematical Computation to At-Risk Students and Students with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ellingsen, Ryleigh; Clinton, Elias

2017-01-01

This manuscript reviews the empirical literature of the TouchMath© instructional program. The TouchMath© program is a commercial mathematics series that uses a dot notation system to provide multisensory instruction of computation skills. Using the program, students are taught to solve computational tasks in a multisensory manner that does not…

Case Study: Creation of a Degree Program in Computer Security. White Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Belon, Barbara; Wright, Marie

This paper reports on research into the field of computer security, and undergraduate degrees offered in that field. Research described in the paper reveals only one computer security program at the associate's degree level in the entire country. That program, at Texas State Technical College in Waco, is a 71-credit-hour program leading to an…

Principals and Computers: Getting Started Together. Special Report: Computers in the Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holland, Lori; Rude-Parkins, Carolyn

1986-01-01

Outlines five lessons learned at Roosevelt-Perry Elementary School (Kentucky) when the computer education program, Humana Computer Tutor project, was implemented. The principal was important to the success of the program. (MD)

75 FR 39575 - Privacy Act of 1974; Notice of a Computer Matching Program Between the Department of Housing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-09

... of a Computer Matching Program Between the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the.... ACTION: Notice of a computer matching program between the HUD and the USDA. SUMMARY: In accordance with the Privacy Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C. 552a), as amended by the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection...

76 FR 39119 - Privacy Act of 1974; Notice of a Computer Matching Program Between the Department of Housing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-05

... of a Computer Matching Program Between the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the...: Notice of a computer matching program between the HUD and ED. SUMMARY: In accordance with the Privacy Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C. 552a), as amended by the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988 (Pub...

75 FR 67755 - Privacy Act of 1974; Notice of a Computer Matching Program Between the Department of Housing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-03

... of a Computer Matching Program Between the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the.... ACTION: Notice of a computer matching program between the HUD and the SBA. SUMMARY: In accordance with the Privacy Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C. 552a), as amended by the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection...

Space Ultrareliable Modular Computer (SUMC) instruction simulator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Curran, R. T.

1972-01-01

The design principles, description, functional operation, and recommended expansion and enhancements are presented for the Space Ultrareliable Modular Computer interpretive simulator. Included as appendices are the user's manual, program module descriptions, target instruction descriptions, simulator source program listing, and a sample program printout. In discussing the design and operation of the simulator, the key problems involving host computer independence and target computer architectural scope are brought into focus.

Computer Science Research Funding: How Much Is Too Little?

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

Bioinformatics Parallel computing Computational biology Principles of programming Computational neuroscience Real-time and embedded systems Scientific...National Security Agency ( NSA ) • Missile Defense Agency (MDA) and others The various research programs have been coordinated through the DDR&E...DOD funding included only DARPA and OSD programs. FY07 and FY08 PBR funding included DARPA, NSA , some of the Services’ basic and applied research

Computer programs simplify optical system analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1965-01-01

The optical ray-trace computer program performs geometrical ray tracing. The energy-trace program calculates the relative monochromatic flux density on a specific target area. This program uses the ray-trace program as a subroutine to generate a representation of the optical system.

Enhancing Instruction through Technology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenleaf, Connie; Gee, Mary Kay

Following an introductory section that provides a rationale for using computers in workplace literacy classes, this guide reviews six computer programs and provides activities that teachers can use with the programs in teaching workplace literacy classes. The six computer programs reviewed are as follows: "Grammar Games,""Spell It 3,""The Way…

Computer-Generated Phase Diagrams for Binary Mixtures.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jolls, Kenneth R.; And Others

1983-01-01

Computer programs that generate projections of thermodynamic phase surfaces through computer graphics were used to produce diagrams representing properties of water and steam and the pressure-volume-temperature behavior of most of the common equations of state. The program, program options emphasizing thermodynamic features of interest, and…

78 FR 38724 - Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-27

... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Office of the Secretary [Docket No. DHS-2013-0006] Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program AGENCY: Department of Homeland Security/U.S. Citizenship and... Agreement that establishes a computer matching program between the Department of Homeland Security/U.S...

Undergraduate computational physics projects on quantum computing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Candela, D.

2015-08-01

Computational projects on quantum computing suitable for students in a junior-level quantum mechanics course are described. In these projects students write their own programs to simulate quantum computers. Knowledge is assumed of introductory quantum mechanics through the properties of spin 1/2. Initial, more easily programmed projects treat the basics of quantum computation, quantum gates, and Grover's quantum search algorithm. These are followed by more advanced projects to increase the number of qubits and implement Shor's quantum factoring algorithm. The projects can be run on a typical laptop or desktop computer, using most programming languages. Supplementing resources available elsewhere, the projects are presented here in a self-contained format especially suitable for a short computational module for physics students.

Computer sciences

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Paul H.

1988-01-01

The Computer Science Program provides advanced concepts, techniques, system architectures, algorithms, and software for both space and aeronautics information sciences and computer systems. The overall goal is to provide the technical foundation within NASA for the advancement of computing technology in aerospace applications. The research program is improving the state of knowledge of fundamental aerospace computing principles and advancing computing technology in space applications such as software engineering and information extraction from data collected by scientific instruments in space. The program includes the development of special algorithms and techniques to exploit the computing power provided by high performance parallel processors and special purpose architectures. Research is being conducted in the fundamentals of data base logic and improvement techniques for producing reliable computing systems.

Adaptation of a program for nonlinear finite element analysis to the CDC STAR 100 computer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pifko, A. B.; Ogilvie, P. L.

1978-01-01

The conversion of a nonlinear finite element program to the CDC STAR 100 pipeline computer is discussed. The program called DYCAST was developed for the crash simulation of structures. Initial results with the STAR 100 computer indicated that significant gains in computation time are possible for operations on gloval arrays. However, for element level computations that do not lend themselves easily to long vector processing, the STAR 100 was slower than comparable scalar computers. On this basis it is concluded that in order for pipeline computers to impact the economic feasibility of large nonlinear analyses it is absolutely essential that algorithms be devised to improve the efficiency of element level computations.

Student Achievement in Computer Programming: Lecture vs Computer-Aided Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tsai, San-Yun W.; Pohl, Norval F.

1978-01-01

This paper discusses a study of the differences in student learning achievement, as measured by four different types of common performance evaluation techniques, in a college-level computer programming course under three teaching/learning environments: lecture, computer-aided instruction, and lecture supplemented with computer-aided instruction.…

Using the Computer in Special Vocational Programs. Inservice Activities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane, Kenneth; Ward, Raymond

This inservice manual is intended to assist vocational education teachers in using the techniques of computer-assisted instruction in special vocational education programs. Addressed in the individual units are the following topics: the basic principles of computer-assisted instruction (TRS-80 computers and typing on a computer keyboard); money…

32 CFR 806b.50 - Computer matching.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Computer matching. 806b.50 Section 806b.50... PROGRAM Disclosing Records to Third Parties § 806b.50 Computer matching. Computer matching programs... on forms used in applying for benefits. Coordinate computer matching statements on forms with Air...

32 CFR 806b.50 - Computer matching.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Computer matching. 806b.50 Section 806b.50... PROGRAM Disclosing Records to Third Parties § 806b.50 Computer matching. Computer matching programs... on forms used in applying for benefits. Coordinate computer matching statements on forms with Air...

32 CFR 806b.50 - Computer matching.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Computer matching. 806b.50 Section 806b.50... PROGRAM Disclosing Records to Third Parties § 806b.50 Computer matching. Computer matching programs... on forms used in applying for benefits. Coordinate computer matching statements on forms with Air...

32 CFR 806b.50 - Computer matching.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Computer matching. 806b.50 Section 806b.50... PROGRAM Disclosing Records to Third Parties § 806b.50 Computer matching. Computer matching programs... on forms used in applying for benefits. Coordinate computer matching statements on forms with Air...

32 CFR 806b.50 - Computer matching.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Computer matching. 806b.50 Section 806b.50... PROGRAM Disclosing Records to Third Parties § 806b.50 Computer matching. Computer matching programs... on forms used in applying for benefits. Coordinate computer matching statements on forms with Air...

TCP/IP Interface for the Satellite Orbit Analysis Program (SOAP)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carnright, Robert; Stodden, David; Coggi, John

2009-01-01

The Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet protocol (TCP/IP) interface for the Satellite Orbit Analysis Program (SOAP) provides the means for the software to establish real-time interfaces with other software. Such interfaces can operate between two programs, either on the same computer or on different computers joined by a network. The SOAP TCP/IP module employs a client/server interface where SOAP is the server and other applications can be clients. Real-time interfaces between software offer a number of advantages over embedding all of the common functionality within a single program. One advantage is that they allow each program to divide the computation labor between processors or computers running the separate applications. Secondly, each program can be allowed to provide its own expertise domain with other programs able to use this expertise.

Bladed-shrouded-disc aeroelastic analyses: Computer program updates in NASTRAN level 17.7

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gallo, A. M.; Elchuri, V.; Skalski, S. C.

1981-01-01

In October 1979, a computer program based on the state-of-the-art compressor and structural technologies applied to bladed-shrouded-disc was developed. The program was more operational in NASTRAN Level 16. The bladed disc computer program was updated for operation in NASTRAN Level 17.7. The supersonic cascade unsteady aerodynamics routine UCAS, delivered as part of the NASTRAN Level 16 program was recorded to improve its execution time. These improvements are presented.

On the writing of programming systems for spacecraft computers.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mathur, F. P.; Rohr, J. A.

1972-01-01

Consideration of the systems designed to generate programs for the increasingly complex digital computers being used on board unmanned deep-space probes. Such programming systems must accommodate the special-purpose features incorporated in the hardware. The use of higher-level language facilities in the programming system can significantly simplify the task. Computers for Mariner and for the Outer Planets Grand Tour are briefly described, as well as their programming systems. Aspects of the higher level languages are considered.

AQMAN; linear and quadratic programming matrix generator using two-dimensional ground-water flow simulation for aquifer management modeling

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lefkoff, L.J.; Gorelick, S.M.

1987-01-01

A FORTRAN-77 computer program code that helps solve a variety of aquifer management problems involving the control of groundwater hydraulics. It is intended for use with any standard mathematical programming package that uses Mathematical Programming System input format. The computer program creates the input files to be used by the optimization program. These files contain all the hydrologic information and management objectives needed to solve the management problem. Used in conjunction with a mathematical programming code, the computer program identifies the pumping or recharge strategy that achieves a user 's management objective while maintaining groundwater hydraulic conditions within desired limits. The objective may be linear or quadratic, and may involve the minimization of pumping and recharge rates or of variable pumping costs. The problem may contain constraints on groundwater heads, gradients, and velocities for a complex, transient hydrologic system. Linear superposition of solutions to the transient, two-dimensional groundwater flow equation is used by the computer program in conjunction with the response matrix optimization method. A unit stress is applied at each decision well and transient responses at all control locations are computed using a modified version of the U.S. Geological Survey two dimensional aquifer simulation model. The program also computes discounted cost coefficients for the objective function and accounts for transient aquifer conditions. (Author 's abstract)

Computer Programs (Turbomachinery)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

NASA computer programs are extensively used in design of industrial equipment. Available from the Computer Software Management and Information Center (COSMIC) at the University of Georgia, these programs are employed as analysis tools in design, test and development processes, providing savings in time and money. For example, two NASA computer programs are used daily in the design of turbomachinery by Delaval Turbine Division, Trenton, New Jersey. The company uses the NASA splint interpolation routine for analysis of turbine blade vibration and the performance of compressors and condensers. A second program, the NASA print plot routine, analyzes turbine rotor response and produces graphs for project reports. The photos show examples of Delaval test operations in which the computer programs play a part. In the large photo below, a 24-inch turbine blade is undergoing test; in the smaller photo, a steam turbine rotor is being prepared for stress measurements under actual operating conditions; the "spaghetti" is wiring for test instrumentation

Computer aided reliability, availability, and safety modeling for fault-tolerant computer systems with commentary on the HARP program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shooman, Martin L.

1991-01-01

Many of the most challenging reliability problems of our present decade involve complex distributed systems such as interconnected telephone switching computers, air traffic control centers, aircraft and space vehicles, and local area and wide area computer networks. In addition to the challenge of complexity, modern fault-tolerant computer systems require very high levels of reliability, e.g., avionic computers with MTTF goals of one billion hours. Most analysts find that it is too difficult to model such complex systems without computer aided design programs. In response to this need, NASA has developed a suite of computer aided reliability modeling programs beginning with CARE 3 and including a group of new programs such as: HARP, HARP-PC, Reliability Analysts Workbench (Combination of model solvers SURE, STEM, PAWS, and common front-end model ASSIST), and the Fault Tree Compiler. The HARP program is studied and how well the user can model systems using this program is investigated. One of the important objectives will be to study how user friendly this program is, e.g., how easy it is to model the system, provide the input information, and interpret the results. The experiences of the author and his graduate students who used HARP in two graduate courses are described. Some brief comparisons were made with the ARIES program which the students also used. Theoretical studies of the modeling techniques used in HARP are also included. Of course no answer can be any more accurate than the fidelity of the model, thus an Appendix is included which discusses modeling accuracy. A broad viewpoint is taken and all problems which occurred in the use of HARP are discussed. Such problems include: computer system problems, installation manual problems, user manual problems, program inconsistencies, program limitations, confusing notation, long run times, accuracy problems, etc.

The Historian as Computer Programmer.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Campion, Martin C.

1988-01-01

Discusses two type of computer programs--grade book programs and classroom simulations--and how they are used by teachers. Using instructor-developed programs as examples, Campion describes his experiences as a programer and encourages his fellow historians to investigate the possibility of programing for themselves. (GEA)

Liability for Personal Injury Caused by Defective Medical Computer Programs

PubMed Central

Brannigan, Vincent M.

1980-01-01

Defective medical computer programs can cause personal injury. Financial responsibility for the injury under tort law will turn on several factors: whether the program is a product or a service, what types of defect exist in the product, and who produced the program. The factors involved in making these decisions are complex, but knowledge of the relevant issues can assist computer personnel in avoiding liability.

A Computer Based Education (CBE) Program for Middle School Mathematics Intervention

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gulley, Bill

2009-01-01

A Computer Based Education (CBE) program for intervention mathematics was developed, used, and modified over a period of three years in a computer lab at an Arizona Title I middle school. The program is described along with a rationale for the need, design, and use of such a program. Data was collected in the third year and results of the program…

Preschool Cookbook of Computer Programming Topics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morgado, Leonel; Cruz, Maria; Kahn, Ken

2010-01-01

A common problem in computer programming use for education in general, not simply as a technical skill, is that children and teachers find themselves constrained by what is possible through limited expertise in computer programming techniques. This is particularly noticeable at the preliterate level, where constructs tend to be limited to…

77 FR 5017 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-01

... 30 percent for computer programming, 20 percent for attorney services, 30 percent for skilled... workers, 25 percent for computer programming, and 20 percent for management time. (d) Dispute resolution...), or a total cost of $421,200. \\12\\ The blended rate is 40 percent for computer programming, 10 percent...

Student Performance in Computer-Assisted Instruction in Programming.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friend, Jamesine E.; And Others

A computer-assisted instructional system to teach college students the computer language, AID (Algebraic Interpretive Dialogue), two control programs, and data collected by the two control programs are described. It was found that although first response errors were often those of AID syntax, such errors were easily corrected. Secondly, while…

Using Problem Solving to Teach a Programming Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Milbrandt, George

1995-01-01

Computer studies courses should incorporate as many computer concepts and programming language experiences as possible. A gradual increase in problem difficulty will help the student to understand various computer concepts, and the programming language's syntax and structure. A sidebar provides two examples of how to establish a learning…

Case Studies of Liberal Arts Computer Science Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baldwin, D.; Brady, A.; Danyluk, A.; Adams, J.; Lawrence, A.

2010-01-01

Many undergraduate liberal arts institutions offer computer science majors. This article illustrates how quality computer science programs can be realized in a wide variety of liberal arts settings by describing and contrasting the actual programs at five liberal arts colleges: Williams College, Kalamazoo College, the State University of New York…

Assessment of Examinations in Computer Science Doctoral Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Straub, Jeremy

2014-01-01

This article surveys the examination requirements for attaining degree candidate (candidacy) status in computer science doctoral programs at all of the computer science doctoral granting institutions in the United States. It presents a framework for program examination requirement categorization, and categorizes these programs by the type or types…

The Outlook for Computer Professions: 1985 Rewrites the Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drake, Larry

1986-01-01

The author states that graduates of junior college programs who learn COBOL will continue to find jobs, but employers will increasingly seek college graduates when filling positions for computer programers and systems analysts. Areas of growth for computer applications (services, military, data communications, and artificial intelligence) are…

BASIC Language Flow Charting Program (BASCHART). Technical Note 3-82.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Charles C.; And Others

This document describes BASCHART, a computer aid designed to decipher and automatically flow chart computer program logic; it also provides the computer code necessary for this process. Developed to reduce the labor intensive manual process of producing a flow chart for an undocumented or inadequately documented program, BASCHART will…

Computer Programming Goes Back to School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kafai, Yasmin B.; Burke, Quinn

2013-01-01

We are witnessing a remarkable comeback of programming. Current initiatives to promote computational thinking and to broaden participation in computing signal a renewed interest to bring programming back into K-12 schools and help develop children as producers and not simply consumers of digital media. This essay explores the re-emergence of…

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 66 - Computer Program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Computer Program C Appendix C to Part 66 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ASSESSMENT AND COLLECTION OF NONCOMPLIANCE PENALTIES BY EPA Pt. 66, App. C Appendix C to Part 66—Computer...

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 66 - Computer Program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Computer Program C Appendix C to Part 66 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ASSESSMENT AND COLLECTION OF NONCOMPLIANCE PENALTIES BY EPA Pt. 66, App. C Appendix C to Part 66—Computer...

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 66 - Computer Program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Computer Program C Appendix C to Part 66 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ASSESSMENT AND COLLECTION OF NONCOMPLIANCE PENALTIES BY EPA Pt. 66, App. C Appendix C to Part 66—Computer...

78 FR 3474 - Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program Between the Office Of Personnel Management and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-16

... Security benefit information to OPM via direct computer link for the administration of certain programs by... OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program Between the Office Of Personnel Management and Social Security Administration AGENCY: Office of Personnel Management...

Correlates of Success in Introductory Programming: A Study with Middle School Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Qian, Yizhou; Lehman, James D.

2016-01-01

The demand for computing professionals in the workplace has led to increased attention to computer science education, and introductory computer science courses have been introduced at different levels of education. This study investigated the relationship between gender, academic performance in non-programming subjects, and programming learning…

Computer Rehabilitation Training for the Severely Disabled.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge.

The Computer Rehabilitation Training Program for the Severely Disabled is a job-oriented training program to prepare physically handicapped persons to become computer programmers and analysts. The program is operated by: a nonprofit organization of Baton Rouge-area business people interested in data processing; the Department of Social Services,…

Learning Motivation in E-Learning Facilitated Computer Programming Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Law, Kris M. Y.; Lee, Victor C. S.; Yu, Y. T.

2010-01-01

Computer programming skills constitute one of the core competencies that graduates from many disciplines, such as engineering and computer science, are expected to possess. Developing good programming skills typically requires students to do a lot of practice, which cannot sustain unless they are adequately motivated. This paper reports a…

CAPSAS: Computer Assisted Program for the Selection of Appropriate Statistics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shermis, Mark D.; Albert, Susan L.

A computer-assisted program has been developed for the selection of statistics or statistical techniques by both students and researchers. Based on Andrews, Klem, Davidson, O'Malley and Rodgers "A Guide for Selecting Statistical Techniques for Analyzing Social Science Data," this FORTRAN-compiled interactive computer program was…

Computer program for assessing the theoretical performance of a three dimensional inlet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Agnone, A. M.; Kung, F.

1972-01-01

A computer program for determining the theoretical performance of a three dimensional inlet is presented. An analysis for determining the capture area, ram force, spillage force, and surface pressure force is presented, along with the necessary computer program. A sample calculation is also included.

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 66 - Computer Program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Computer Program C Appendix C to Part 66 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ASSESSMENT AND COLLECTION OF NONCOMPLIANCE PENALTIES BY EPA Pt. 66, App. C Appendix C to Part 66—Computer...

Atmospheric transmission computer program CP

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pitts, D. E.; Barnett, T. L.; Korb, C. L.; Hanby, W.; Dillinger, A. E.

1974-01-01

A computer program is described which allows for calculation of the effects of carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, ozone, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxide on earth resources remote sensing techniques. A flow chart of the program and operating instructions are provided. Comparisons are made between the atmospheric transmission obtained from laboratory and spacecraft spectrometer data and that obtained from a computer prediction using a model atmosphere and radiosonde data. Limitations of the model atmosphere are discussed. The computer program listings, input card formats, and sample runs for both radiosonde data and laboratory data are included.

Additional development of the XTRAN3S computer program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Borland, C. J.

1989-01-01

Additional developments and enhancements to the XTRAN3S computer program, a code for calculation of steady and unsteady aerodynamics, and associated aeroelastic solutions, for 3-D wings in the transonic flow regime are described. Algorithm improvements for the XTRAN3S program were provided including an implicit finite difference scheme to enhance the allowable time step and vectorization for improved computational efficiency. The code was modified to treat configurations with a fuselage, multiple stores/nacelles/pylons, and winglets. Computer program changes (updates) for error corrections and updates for version control are provided.

A data reduction technique and associated computer program for obtaining vehicle attitudes with a single onboard camera

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bendura, R. J.; Renfroe, P. G.

1974-01-01

A detailed discussion of the application of a previously method to determine vehicle flight attitude using a single camera onboard the vehicle is presented with emphasis on the digital computer program format and data reduction techniques. Application requirements include film and earth-related coordinates of at least two landmarks (or features), location of the flight vehicle with respect to the earth, and camera characteristics. Included in this report are a detailed discussion of the program input and output format, a computer program listing, a discussion of modifications made to the initial method, a step-by-step basic data reduction procedure, and several example applications. The computer program is written in FORTRAN 4 language for the Control Data 6000 series digital computer.

Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for mercury ion binding in the Florida everglades

USGS Publications Warehouse

Reddy, M.M.; Aiken, G.R.

2001-01-01

Negatively charged functional groups of fulvic acid compete with inorganic sulfide ion for mercury ion binding. This competition is evaluated here by using a discrete site-electrostatic model to calculate mercury solution speciation in the presence of fulvic acid. Model calculated species distributions are used to estimate a mercury-fulvic acid apparent binding constant to quantify fulvic acid and sulfide ion competition for dissolved inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) ion binding. Speciation calculations done with PHREEQC, modified to use the estimated mercury-fulvic acid apparent binding constant, suggest that mercury-fulvic acid and mercury-sulfide complex concentrations are equivalent for very low sulfide ion concentrations (about 10-11 M) in Everglades' surface water. Where measurable total sulfide concentration (about 10-7 M or greater) is present in Everglades' surface water, mercury-sulfide complexes should dominate dissolved inorganic mercury solution speciation. In the absence of sulfide ion (for example, in oxygenated Everglades' surface water), fulvic acid binding should dominate Everglades' dissolved inorganic mercury speciation.

Kinetic modeling of antimony(III) oxidation and sorption in soils.

PubMed

Cai, Yongbing; Mi, Yuting; Zhang, Hua

2016-10-05

Kinetic batch and saturated column experiments were performed to study the oxidation, adsorption and transport of Sb(III) in two soils with contrasting properties. Kinetic and column experiment results clearly demonstrated the extensive oxidation of Sb(III) in soils, and this can in return influence the adsorption and transport of Sb. Both sorption capacity and kinetic oxidation rate were much higher in calcareous Huanjiang soil than in acid red Yingtan soil. The results indicate that soil serve as a catalyst in promoting oxidation of Sb(III) even under anaerobic conditions. A PHREEQC model with kinetic formulations was developed to simulate the oxidation, sorption and transport of Sb(III) in soils. The model successfully described Sb(III) oxidation and sorption data in kinetic batch experiment. It was less successful in simulating the reactive transport of Sb(III) in soil columns. Additional processes such as colloid facilitated transport need to be quantified and considered in the model. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

An IBM 370 assembly language program verifier

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maurer, W. D.

1977-01-01

The paper describes a program written in SNOBOL which verifies the correctness of programs written in assembly language for the IBM 360 and 370 series of computers. The motivation for using assembly language as a source language for a program verifier was the realization that many errors in programs are caused by misunderstanding or ignorance of the characteristics of specific computers. The proof of correctness of a program written in assembly language must take these characteristics into account. The program has been compiled and is currently running at the Center for Academic and Administrative Computing of The George Washington University.

Simulating smokers' acceptance of modifications in a cessation program.

PubMed Central

Spoth, R

1992-01-01

Recent research has underscored the importance of assessing barriers to smokers' acceptance of cessation programs. This paper illustrates the use of computer simulations to gauge smokers' response to program modifications which may produce barriers to participation. It also highlights methodological issues encountered in conducting this work. Computer simulations were based on conjoint analysis, a consumer research method which enables measurement of smokers' relative preference for various modifications of cessation programs. Results from two studies are presented in this paper. The primary study used a randomly selected sample of 218 adult smokers who participated in a computer-assisted phone interview. Initially, the study assessed smokers' relative utility rating of 30 features of cessation programs. Utility data were used in computer-simulated comparisons of a low-cost, self-help oriented program under development and five other existing programs. A baseline version of the program under development and two modifications (for example, use of a support group with a higher level of cost) were simulated. Both the baseline version and modifications received a favorable response vis-à-vis comparison programs. Modifications requiring higher program costs were, however, associated with moderately reduced levels of favorable consumer response. The second study used a sample of 70 smokers who responded to an expanded set of smoking cessation program features focusing on program packaging. This secondary study incorporate in-person, computer-assisted interviews at a shopping mall, with smokers viewing an artist's mock-up of various program options on display. A similar pattern of responses to simulated program modifications emerged, with monetary cost apparently playing a key role. The significance of conjoint-based computer simulation as a tool in program development or dissemination, salient methodological issues, and implications for further research are discussed. PMID:1738813

Simulating smokers' acceptance of modifications in a cessation program.

PubMed

Spoth, R

1992-01-01

Recent research has underscored the importance of assessing barriers to smokers' acceptance of cessation programs. This paper illustrates the use of computer simulations to gauge smokers' response to program modifications which may produce barriers to participation. It also highlights methodological issues encountered in conducting this work. Computer simulations were based on conjoint analysis, a consumer research method which enables measurement of smokers' relative preference for various modifications of cessation programs. Results from two studies are presented in this paper. The primary study used a randomly selected sample of 218 adult smokers who participated in a computer-assisted phone interview. Initially, the study assessed smokers' relative utility rating of 30 features of cessation programs. Utility data were used in computer-simulated comparisons of a low-cost, self-help oriented program under development and five other existing programs. A baseline version of the program under development and two modifications (for example, use of a support group with a higher level of cost) were simulated. Both the baseline version and modifications received a favorable response vis-à-vis comparison programs. Modifications requiring higher program costs were, however, associated with moderately reduced levels of favorable consumer response. The second study used a sample of 70 smokers who responded to an expanded set of smoking cessation program features focusing on program packaging. This secondary study incorporate in-person, computer-assisted interviews at a shopping mall, with smokers viewing an artist's mock-up of various program options on display. A similar pattern of responses to simulated program modifications emerged, with monetary cost apparently playing a key role. The significance of conjoint-based computer simulation as a tool in program development or dissemination, salient methodological issues, and implications for further research are discussed.

10 CFR 961.11 - Text of the contract.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... program including information on cost projections, project plans and progress reports. 5. (a) Beginning on...-type documents or computer software (including computer programs, computer software data bases, and computer software documentation). Examples of technical data include research and engineering data...

10 CFR 961.11 - Text of the contract.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... program including information on cost projections, project plans and progress reports. 5. (a) Beginning on...-type documents or computer software (including computer programs, computer software data bases, and computer software documentation). Examples of technical data include research and engineering data...

Promoting healthy computer use among middle school students: a pilot school-based health promotion program.

PubMed

Ciccarelli, Marina; Portsmouth, Linda; Harris, Courtenay; Jacobs, Karen

2012-01-01

Introduction of notebook computers in many schools has become integral to learning. This has increased students' screen-based exposure and the potential risks to physical and visual health. Unhealthy computing behaviours include frequent and long durations of exposure; awkward postures due to inappropriate furniture and workstation layout, and ignoring computer-related discomfort. Describe the framework for a planned school-based health promotion program to encourage healthy computing behaviours among middle school students. This planned program uses a community- based participatory research approach. Students in Year 7 in 2011 at a co-educational middle school, their parents, and teachers have been recruited. Baseline data was collected on students' knowledge of computer ergonomics, current notebook exposure, and attitudes towards healthy computing behaviours; and teachers' and self-perceived competence to promote healthy notebook use among students, and what education they wanted. The health promotion program is being developed by an inter-professional team in collaboration with students, teachers and parents to embed concepts of ergonomics education in relevant school activities and school culture. End of year changes in reported and observed student computing behaviours will be used to determine the effectiveness of the program. Building a body of evidence regarding physical health benefits to students from this school-based ergonomics program can guide policy development on the healthy use of computers within children's educational environments.

Computational Understanding: Analysis of Sentences and Context

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-05-01

Computer Science Department Stanford, California 9430b 10- PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK AREA « WORK UNIT NUMBERS II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME...these is the need tor programs that can respond in useful ways to information expressed in a natural language. However a computational understanding...buying structure because "Mary" appears where it does. But the time for analysis was rarely over five seconds of computer time, when the Lisp program

GEO3D - Three-Dimensional Computer Model of a Ground Source Heat Pump System

DOE Data Explorer

James Menart

2013-06-07

This file is the setup file for the computer program GEO3D. GEO3D is a computer program written by Jim Menart to simulate vertical wells in conjunction with a heat pump for ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems. This is a very detailed three-dimensional computer model. This program produces detailed heat transfer and temperature field information for a vertical GSHP system.

Grand Challenges 1993: High Performance Computing and Communications. A Report by the Committee on Physical, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences. The FY 1993 U.S. Research and Development Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Science and Technology Policy, Washington, DC.

This report presents the United States research and development program for 1993 for high performance computing and computer communications (HPCC) networks. The first of four chapters presents the program goals and an overview of the federal government's emphasis on high performance computing as an important factor in the nation's scientific and…

The SURE reliability analysis program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Butler, R. W.

1986-01-01

The SURE program is a new reliability tool for ultrareliable computer system architectures. The program is based on computational methods recently developed for the NASA Langley Research Center. These methods provide an efficient means for computing accurate upper and lower bounds for the death state probabilities of a large class of semi-Markov models. Once a semi-Markov model is described using a simple input language, the SURE program automatically computes the upper and lower bounds on the probability of system failure. A parameter of the model can be specified as a variable over a range of values directing the SURE program to perform a sensitivity analysis automatically. This feature, along with the speed of the program, makes it especially useful as a design tool.

The SURE Reliability Analysis Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Butler, R. W.

1986-01-01

The SURE program is a new reliability analysis tool for ultrareliable computer system architectures. The program is based on computational methods recently developed for the NASA Langley Research Center. These methods provide an efficient means for computing accurate upper and lower bounds for the death state probabilities of a large class of semi-Markov models. Once a semi-Markov model is described using a simple input language, the SURE program automatically computes the upper and lower bounds on the probability of system failure. A parameter of the model can be specified as a variable over a range of values directing the SURE program to perform a sensitivity analysis automatically. This feature, along with the speed of the program, makes it especially useful as a design tool.

The engineering design integration (EDIN) system. [digital computer program complex

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glatt, C. R.; Hirsch, G. N.; Alford, G. E.; Colquitt, W. N.; Reiners, S. J.

1974-01-01

A digital computer program complex for the evaluation of aerospace vehicle preliminary designs is described. The system consists of a Univac 1100 series computer and peripherals using the Exec 8 operating system, a set of demand access terminals of the alphanumeric and graphics types, and a library of independent computer programs. Modification of the partial run streams, data base maintenance and construction, and control of program sequencing are provided by a data manipulation program called the DLG processor. The executive control of library program execution is performed by the Univac Exec 8 operating system through a user established run stream. A combination of demand and batch operations is employed in the evaluation of preliminary designs. Applications accomplished with the EDIN system are described.

Student Use of Physics to Make Sense of Incomplete but Functional VPython Programs in a Lab Setting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weatherford, Shawn A.

2011-12-01

Computational activities in Matter & Interactions, an introductory calculus-based physics course, have the instructional goal of providing students with the experience of applying the same set of a small number of fundamental principles to model a wide range of physical systems. However there are significant instructional challenges for students to build computer programs under limited time constraints, especially for students who are unfamiliar with programming languages and concepts. Prior attempts at designing effective computational activities were successful at having students ultimately build working VPython programs under the tutelage of experienced teaching assistants in a studio lab setting. A pilot study revealed that students who completed these computational activities had significant difficultly repeating the exact same tasks and further, had difficulty predicting the animation that would be produced by the example program after interpreting the program code. This study explores the interpretation and prediction tasks as part of an instructional sequence where students are asked to read and comprehend a functional, but incomplete program. Rather than asking students to begin their computational tasks with modifying program code, we explicitly ask students to interpret an existing program that is missing key lines of code. The missing lines of code correspond to the algebraic form of fundamental physics principles or the calculation of forces which would exist between analogous physical objects in the natural world. Students are then asked to draw a prediction of what they would see in the simulation produced by the VPython program and ultimately run the program to evaluate the students' prediction. This study specifically looks at how the participants use physics while interpreting the program code and creating a whiteboard prediction. This study also examines how students evaluate their understanding of the program and modification goals at the beginning of the modification task. While working in groups over the course of a semester, study participants were recorded while they completed three activities using these incomplete programs. Analysis of the video data showed that study participants had little difficulty interpreting physics quantities, generating a prediction, or determining how to modify the incomplete program. Participants did not base their prediction solely from the information from the incomplete program. When participants tried to predict the motion of the objects in the simulation, many turned to their knowledge of how the system would evolve if it represented an analogous real-world physical system. For example, participants attributed the real-world behavior of springs to helix objects even though the program did not include calculations for the spring to exert a force when stretched. Participants rarely interpreted lines of code in the computational loop during the first computational activity, but this changed during latter computational activities with most participants using their physics knowledge to interpret the computational loop. Computational activities in the Matter & Interactions curriculum were revised in light of these findings to include an instructional sequence of tasks to build a comprehension of the example program. The modified activities also ask students to create an additional whiteboard prediction for the time-evolution of the real-world phenomena which the example program will eventually model. This thesis shows how comprehension tasks identified by Palinscar and Brown (1984) as effective in improving reading comprehension are also effective in helping students apply their physics knowledge to interpret a computer program which attempts to model a real-world phenomena and identify errors in their understanding of the use, or omission, of fundamental physics principles in a computational model.

Care 3, phase 1, volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stiffler, J. J.; Bryant, L. A.; Guccione, L.

1979-01-01

A computer program was developed as a general purpose reliability tool for fault tolerant avionics systems. The computer program requirements, together with several appendices containing computer printouts are presented.

Rocket exhaust plume computer program improvement. Volume 1: Summary: Method of characteristics nozzle and plume programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ratliff, A. W.; Smith, S. D.; Penny, N. M.

1972-01-01

A summary is presented of the various documents that discuss and describe the computer programs and analysis techniques which are available for rocket nozzle and exhaust plume calculations. The basic method of characteristics program is discussed, along with such auxiliary programs as the plume impingement program, the plot program and the thermochemical properties program.

GEODYN system support program, volume 4. [computer program for trajectory analysis of artificial satellites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mullins, N. E.

1972-01-01

The GEODYN Orbit Determination and Geodetic Parameter Estimation System consists of a set of computer programs designed to determine and analyze definitive satellite orbits and their associated geodetic and measurement parameters. This manual describes the Support Programs used by the GEODYN System. The mathematics and programming descriptions are detailed. The operational procedures of each program are presented. GEODYN ancillary analysis programs may be grouped into three different categories: (1) orbit comparison - DELTA (2) data analysis using reference orbits - GEORGE, and (3) pass geometry computations - GROUNDTRACK. All of the above three programs use one or more tapes written by the GEODYN program in either a data reduction or orbit generator run.

Near-term hybrid vehicle program, phase 1. Appendix B: Design trade-off studies report. Volume 3: Computer program listings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

A description and listing is presented of two computer programs: Hybrid Vehicle Design Program (HYVELD) and Hybrid Vehicle Simulation Program (HYVEC). Both of the programs are modifications and extensions of similar programs developed as part of the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle System Research and Development Project.

Fluid dynamics computer programs for NERVA turbopump

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brunner, J. J.

1972-01-01

During the design of the NERVA turbopump, numerous computer programs were developed for the analyses of fluid dynamic problems within the machine. Program descriptions, example cases, users instructions, and listings for the majority of these programs are presented.

Use of the Computer for Research on Instruction and Student Understanding in Physics.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grayson, Diane Jeanette

This dissertation describes an investigation of how the computer may be utilized to perform research on instruction and on student understanding in physics. The research was conducted within three content areas: kinematics, waves and dynamics. The main focus of the research on instruction was the determination of factors needed for a computer program to be instructionally effective. The emphasis in the research on student understanding was the identification of specific conceptual and reasoning difficulties students encounter with the subject matter. Most of the research was conducted using the computer -based interview, a technique developed during the early part of the work, conducted within the domain of kinematics. In a computer-based interview, a student makes a prediction about how a particular system will behave under given circumstances, observes a simulation of the event on a computer screen, and then is asked by an interviewer to explain any discrepancy between prediction and observation. In the course of the research, a model was developed for producing educational software. The model has three important components: (i) research on student difficulties in the content area to be addressed, (ii) observations of students using the computer program, and (iii) consequent program modification. This model was used to guide the development of an instructional computer program dealing with graphical representations of transverse pulses. Another facet of the research involved the design of a computer program explicitly for the purposes of research. A computer program was written that simulates a modified Atwood's machine. The program was than used in computer -based interviews and proved to be an effective means of probing student understanding of dynamics concepts. In order to ascertain whether or not the student difficulties identified were peculiar to the computer, laboratory-based interviews with real equipment were also conducted. The laboratory-based interviews were designed to parallel the computer-based interviews as closely as possible. The results of both types of interviews are discussed in detail. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of some of the benefits of using the computer in physics instruction and physics education research. Attention is also drawn to some of the limitations of the computer as a research instrument or instructional device.

An Integrated Development Environment for Adiabatic Quantum Programming

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Humble, Travis S; McCaskey, Alex; Bennink, Ryan S

2014-01-01

Adiabatic quantum computing is a promising route to the computational power afforded by quantum information processing. The recent availability of adiabatic hardware raises the question of how well quantum programs perform. Benchmarking behavior is challenging since the multiple steps to synthesize an adiabatic quantum program are highly tunable. We present an adiabatic quantum programming environment called JADE that provides control over all the steps taken during program development. JADE captures the workflow needed to rigorously benchmark performance while also allowing a variety of problem types, programming techniques, and processor configurations. We have also integrated JADE with a quantum simulation enginemore » that enables program profiling using numerical calculation. The computational engine supports plug-ins for simulation methodologies tailored to various metrics and computing resources. We present the design, integration, and deployment of JADE and discuss its use for benchmarking adiabatic quantum programs.« less

The Road to Computer Literacy. Part V: Objectives and Activities for Grades 10-12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bitter, Gary

1983-01-01

Presents computer-oriented activities in computer awareness and programing for students in grades 10-12. Intended for use by teachers of all disciplines, activities include such topics as prediction, interpretation and generalization of data, computer systems, PASCAL and PILOT programing, sampling techniques, computer survival, invasion of…

38 CFR 21.8074 - Computing the period for vocational training program participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Computing the period for... Vocational Training § 21.8074 Computing the period for vocational training program participation. (a) Computing the participation period. To compute the number of months and days of an eligible child's...

Benchmark Lisp And Ada Programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, Gloria; Galant, David; Lim, Raymond; Stutz, John; Gibson, J.; Raghavan, B.; Cheesema, P.; Taylor, W.

1992-01-01

Suite of nonparallel benchmark programs, ELAPSE, designed for three tests: comparing efficiency of computer processing via Lisp vs. Ada; comparing efficiencies of several computers processing via Lisp; or comparing several computers processing via Ada. Tests efficiency which computer executes routines in each language. Available for computer equipped with validated Ada compiler and/or Common Lisp system.

Computer Languages: A Practical Guide to the Chief Programming Languages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sanderson, Peter C.

All the most commonly-used high-level computer languages are discussed in this book. An introductory discussion provides an overview of the basic components of a digital computer, the general planning of a computer programing problem, and the various types of computer languages. Each chapter is self-contained, emphasizes those features of a…

Automated procedure for developing hybrid computer simulations of turbofan engines. Part 1: General description

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Szuch, J. R.; Krosel, S. M.; Bruton, W. M.

1982-01-01

A systematic, computer-aided, self-documenting methodology for developing hybrid computer simulations of turbofan engines is presented. The methodology that is pesented makes use of a host program that can run on a large digital computer and a machine-dependent target (hybrid) program. The host program performs all the calculations and data manipulations that are needed to transform user-supplied engine design information to a form suitable for the hybrid computer. The host program also trims the self-contained engine model to match specified design-point information. Part I contains a general discussion of the methodology, describes a test case, and presents comparisons between hybrid simulation and specified engine performance data. Part II, a companion document, contains documentation, in the form of computer printouts, for the test case.

A system for the input and storage of data in the Besm-6 digital computer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schmidt, K.; Blenke, L.

1975-01-01

Computer programs used for the decoding and storage of large volumes of data on the the BESM-6 computer are described. The following factors are discussed: the programming control language allows the programs to be run as part of a modular programming system used in data processing; data control is executed in a hierarchically built file on magnetic tape with sequential index storage; and the programs are not dependent on the structure of the data.

77 FR 38610 - Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-28

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program AGENCY: Department of Education. ACTION: Notice--Computer matching agreement between the Department of Education and the Department of Defense. SUMMARY: This document provides notice of the continuation of the computer matching...

Computers in Engineering Teaching.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rushby, N. J.

This bibliography cites 26 books, papers, and reports dealing with various uses of computers in engineering education; and describes several computer programs available for use in teaching aeronautical, chemical, civil, electrical and electronic, mechanical, and nuclear engineering. Each computer program entry is presented by name, author,…

Influence of direct computer experience on older adults' attitudes toward computers.

PubMed

Jay, G M; Willis, S L

1992-07-01

This research examined whether older adults' attitudes toward computers became more positive as a function of computer experience. The sample comprised 101 community-dwelling older adults aged 57 to 87. The intervention involved a 2-week computer training program in which subjects learned to use a desktop publishing software program. A multidimensional computer attitude measure was used to assess differential attitude change and maintenance of change following training. The results indicated that older adults' computer attitudes are modifiable and that direct computer experience is an effective means of change. Attitude change as a function of training was found for the attitude dimensions targeted by the intervention program: computer comfort and efficacy. In addition, maintenance of attitude change was established for at least two weeks following training.

Improved neutron activation prediction code system development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Saqui, R. M.

1971-01-01

Two integrated neutron activation prediction code systems have been developed by modifying and integrating existing computer programs to perform the necessary computations to determine neutron induced activation gamma ray doses and dose rates in complex geometries. Each of the two systems is comprised of three computational modules. The first program module computes the spatial and energy distribution of the neutron flux from an input source and prepares input data for the second program which performs the reaction rate, decay chain and activation gamma source calculations. A third module then accepts input prepared by the second program to compute the cumulative gamma doses and/or dose rates at specified detector locations in complex, three-dimensional geometries.

RAWINPROC: Computer program for decommutating, interpreting, and interpolating Rawinsonde meteorological balloon sounding data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Staffanson, F. L.

1981-01-01

The FORTRAN computer program RAWINPROC accepts output from NASA Wallops computer program METPASS1; and produces input for NASA computer program 3.0.0700 (ECC-PRD). The three parts together form a software system for the completely automatic reduction of standard RAWINSONDE sounding data. RAWINPROC pre-edits the 0.1-second data, including time-of-day, azimuth, elevation, and sonde-modulated tone frequency, condenses the data according to successive dwells of the tone frequency, decommutates the condensed data into the proper channels (temperature, relative humidity, high and low references), determines the running baroswitch contact number and computes the associated pressure altitudes, and interpolates the data appropriate for input to ACC-PRD.

An adaptive maneuvering logic computer program for the simulation of one-on-one air-to-air combat. Volume 1: General description

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burgin, G. H.; Fogel, L. J.; Phelps, J. P.

1975-01-01

A technique for computer simulation of air combat is described. Volume 1 decribes the computer program and its development in general terms. Two versions of the program exist. Both incorporate a logic for selecting and executing air combat maneuvers with performance models of specific fighter aircraft. In the batch processing version the flight paths of two aircraft engaged in interactive aerial combat and controlled by the same logic are computed. The realtime version permits human pilots to fly air-to-air combat against the adaptive maneuvering logic (AML) in Langley Differential Maneuvering Simulator (DMS). Volume 2 consists of a detailed description of the computer programs.

A tangible programming tool for children to cultivate computational thinking.

PubMed

Wang, Danli; Wang, Tingting; Liu, Zhen

2014-01-01

Game and creation are activities which have good potential for computational thinking skills. In this paper we present T-Maze, an economical tangible programming tool for children aged 5-9 to build computer programs in maze games by placing wooden blocks. Through the use of computer vision technology, T-Maze provides a live programming interface with real-time graphical and voice feedback. We conducted a user study with 7 children using T-Maze to play two levels of maze-escape games and create their own mazes. The results show that T-Maze is not only easy to use, but also has the potential to help children cultivate computational thinking like abstraction, problem decomposition, and creativity.

An experimental and theoretical investigation of deposition patterns from an agricultural airplane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morris, D. J.; Croom, C. C.; Vandam, C. P.; Holmes, B. J.

1984-01-01

A flight test program has been conducted with a representative agricultural airplane to provide data for validating a computer program model which predicts aerially applied particle deposition. Test procedures and the data from this test are presented and discussed. The computer program features are summarized, and comparisons of predicted and measured particle deposition are presented. Applications of the computer program for spray pattern improvement are illustrated.

Increasing productivity of the McAuto CAD/CAE system by user-specific applications programming

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Plotrowski, S. M.; Vu, T. H.

1985-01-01

Significant improvements in the productivity of the McAuto Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Engineering (CAD/CAE) system were achieved by applications programming using the system's own Graphics Interactive Programming language (GRIP) and the interface capabilities with the main computer on which the system resides. The GRIP programs for creating springs, bar charts, finite element model representations and aiding management planning are presented as examples.

Digital optical computers at the optoelectronic computing systems center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jordan, Harry F.

1991-01-01

The Digital Optical Computing Program within the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Opto-electronic Computing Systems has as its specific goal research on optical computing architectures suitable for use at the highest possible speeds. The program can be targeted toward exploiting the time domain because other programs in the Center are pursuing research on parallel optical systems, exploiting optical interconnection and optical devices and materials. Using a general purpose computing architecture as the focus, we are developing design techniques, tools and architecture for operation at the speed of light limit. Experimental work is being done with the somewhat low speed components currently available but with architectures which will scale up in speed as faster devices are developed. The design algorithms and tools developed for a general purpose, stored program computer are being applied to other systems such as optimally controlled optical communication networks.

COSMIC: A catalog of selected computer programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

Information is presented on various computer programs developed in the space program which are now available to the public. Many programs from the Department of Defense and selected software from other government agencies are also offered. Over 1500 programs in almost every technical or managerial discipline are available.

Computer Literacy of Turkish Preservice Teachers in Different Teacher Training Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ozsevgec, Tuncay

2011-01-01

This paper reports on an investigation into the sophomore and senior preservice teachers' computer literacy in different teacher training programs and to determine relationship between grades and the teacher training programs in terms of their computer literacy. The study used case study research methodology, and the sample consisted of 276…

A Computer Course for Business Students: Teacher's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waterhouse, Ann

This teacher's guide is for a course designed to teach business students the fundamentals of the BASIC language and computer programming using a series of business-oriented programs. Each lesson contains an introduction, flow charts, and computer programs. The six lesson topics are print-out and format control, count-average, withholding tax…

Automated computer grading of hardwood lumber

Treesearch

P. Klinkhachorn; J.P. Franklin; Charles W. McMillin; R.W. Conners; H.A. Huber

1988-01-01

This paper describes an improved computer program to grade hardwood lumber. The program was created as part of a system to automate various aspects of the hardwood manufacturing industry. It enhances previous efforts by considering both faces of the board and provides easy application of species dependent rules. The program can be readily interfaced with a computer...

77 FR 33547 - Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended; Computer Matching Program (SSA/Centers for Medicare and Medicaid...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-06

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION [Docket No. SSA 2012-0015] Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended; Computer Matching Program (SSA/ Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS))--Match Number 1094 AGENCY: Social Security Administration (SSA). ACTION: Notice of a new computer matching program that will expire...

Computer program user's manual for advanced general aviation propeller study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Worobel, R.

1972-01-01

A user's manual is presented for a computer program for predicting the performance (static, flight, and reverse), noise, weight and cost of propellers for advanced general aviation aircraft of the 1980 time period. Complete listings of this computer program with detailed instructions and samples of input and output are included.

Analysis of rocket engine injection combustion processes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Salmon, J. W.; Saltzman, D. H.

1977-01-01

Mixing methodology improvement for the JANNAF DER and CICM injection/combustion analysis computer programs was accomplished. ZOM plane prediction model development was improved for installation into the new standardized DER computer program. An intra-element mixing model developing approach was recommended for gas/liquid coaxial injection elements for possible future incorporation into the CICM computer program.

Developing Computer Programming Concepts and Skills via Technology-Enriched Language-Art Projects: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Young-Jin

2010-01-01

Teaching computer programming to young children has been considered difficult because of its abstract and complex nature. The objectives of this study are (1) to investigate whether an innovative educational technology tool called Scratch could enable young children to learn abstract knowledge of computer programming while creating multimedia…

Basic BASIC; An Introduction to Computer Programming in BASIC Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coan, James S.

With the increasing availability of computer access through remote terminals and time sharing, more and more schools and colleges are able to introduce programing to substantial numbers of students. This book is an attempt to incorporate computer programming, using BASIC language, and the teaching of mathematics. The general approach of the book…

48 CFR 227.7104 - Contracts under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Data and Computer Software—Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program, when technical data or computer software will be generated during performance of contracts under the SBIR program. (b) Under the clause at 252.227-7018, the Government obtains SBIR data rights in technical data and computer software...

48 CFR 227.7104 - Contracts under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Data and Computer Software—Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program, when technical data or computer software will be generated during performance of contracts under the SBIR program. (b) Under the clause at 252.227-7018, the Government obtains SBIR data rights in technical data and computer software...

A general program to compute the multivariable stability margin for systems with parametric uncertainty

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sanchez Pena, Ricardo S.; Sideris, Athanasios

1988-01-01

A computer program implementing an algorithm for computing the multivariable stability margin to check the robust stability of feedback systems with real parametric uncertainty is proposed. The authors present in some detail important aspects of the program. An example is presented using lateral directional control system.

48 CFR 252.227-7018 - Rights in noncommercial technical data and computer software-Small Business Innovation Research...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... technical data and computer software-Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program. 252.227-7018 Section... Innovation Research (SBIR) Program. As prescribed in 227.7104(a), use the following clause: Rights in Noncommercial Technical Data and Computer Software—Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program (JUN 1995...

48 CFR 252.227-7018 - Rights in noncommercial technical data and computer software-Small Business Innovation Research...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... technical data and computer software-Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program. 252.227-7018 Section... Innovation Research (SBIR) Program. As prescribed in 227.7104(a), use the following clause: Rights in Noncommercial Technical Data and Computer Software—Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program (FEB 2014...

48 CFR 252.227-7018 - Rights in noncommercial technical data and computer software-Small Business Innovation Research...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... technical data and computer software-Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program. 252.227-7018 Section... Innovation Research (SBIR) Program. As prescribed in 227.7104(a), use the following clause: Rights in Noncommercial Technical Data and Computer Software—Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program (MAR 2011...

48 CFR 252.227-7018 - Rights in noncommercial technical data and computer software-Small Business Innovation Research...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... technical data and computer software-Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program. 252.227-7018 Section... Innovation Research (SBIR) Program. As prescribed in 227.7104(a), use the following clause: Rights in Noncommercial Technical Data and Computer Software—Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program (MAY 2013...

77 FR 34941 - Privacy Act of 1974; Notice of a Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-12

...; Notice of a Computer Matching Program AGENCY: Defense Manpower Data Center, DoD. ACTION: Notice of a... computer matching program are the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Defense Manpower Data Center... identified as DMDC 01, entitled ``Defense Manpower Data Center Data Base,'' last published in the Federal...

77 FR 35432 - Privacy Act of 1974, Computer Matching Program: United States Postal Service and the Defense...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-13

... the Defense Manpower Data Center, Department of Defense AGENCY: Postal Service TM . ACTION: Notice of Computer Matching Program--United States Postal Service and the Defense Manpower Data Center, Department of... as the recipient agency in a computer matching program with the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC...

Adult Learning in a Computer-Based ESL Acquisition Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sanchez, Karen Renee

2013-01-01

This study explores the self-efficacy of students learning English as a Second Language on the computer-based Rosetta Stone program. The research uses a qualitative approach to explore how a readily available computer-based learning program, Rosetta Stone, can help adult immigrant students gain some English competence and so acquire a greater…

22 CFR 1101.4 - Reports on new systems of records; computer matching programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2012-04-01 2009-04-01 true Reports on new systems of records; computer matching programs. 1101.4 Section 1101.4 Foreign Relations INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND WATER COMMISSION... records; computer matching programs. (a) Before establishing any new systems of records, or making any...

22 CFR 1101.4 - Reports on new systems of records; computer matching programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Reports on new systems of records; computer matching programs. 1101.4 Section 1101.4 Foreign Relations INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND WATER COMMISSION... records; computer matching programs. (a) Before establishing any new systems of records, or making any...

22 CFR 1101.4 - Reports on new systems of records; computer matching programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2013-04-01 2009-04-01 true Reports on new systems of records; computer matching programs. 1101.4 Section 1101.4 Foreign Relations INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND WATER COMMISSION... records; computer matching programs. (a) Before establishing any new systems of records, or making any...

77 FR 32709 - Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended; Computer Matching Program (SSA/Department of Homeland Security...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-01

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION [Docket No. SSA 2011-0089] Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended; Computer Matching Program (SSA/ Department of Homeland Security (DHS))--Match Number 1010 AGENCY: Social Security Administration (SSA). ACTION: Notice of a renewal of an existing computer matching program that...

78 FR 37647 - Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended; Computer Matching Program (SSA/Railroad Retirement Board (RRB...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-21

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION [Docket No. SSA 2013-0010] Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended; Computer Matching Program (SSA/ Railroad Retirement Board (RRB))--Match Number 1006 AGENCY: Social Security Administration. ACTION: Notice of a renewal of an existing computer matching program that will expire on...

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 66 - Computer Program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Computer Program C Appendix C to Part...) ASSESSMENT AND COLLECTION OF NONCOMPLIANCE PENALTIES BY EPA Pt. 66, App. C Appendix C to Part 66—Computer Program Note: For text of appendix C see appendix C to part 67. ...

22 CFR 1101.4 - Reports on new systems of records; computer matching programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Reports on new systems of records; computer matching programs. 1101.4 Section 1101.4 Foreign Relations INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND WATER COMMISSION... records; computer matching programs. (a) Before establishing any new systems of records, or making any...

The Shock and Vibration Digest. Volume 14, Number 11

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-11-01

cooled reactor 1981) ( HTGR ) core under seismic excitation his been developed . N82-18644 The computer program can be used to predict the behavior (In...French) of the HTGR core under seismic excitation. Key Words: Computer programs , Modal analysis, Beams, Undamped structures A computation method is...30) PROGRAMMING c c Dale and Cohen [221 extended the method of McMunn and Plunkett [201 developed a compute- McMunn and Plunkett to continuous systems

Improvements in Routing for Packet-Switched Networks

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-02-18

PROGRAM FOR COMPUTER SIMULATION . . 90 B.l Flow Diagram of Adaptive Routine 90 B.2 Progiam ARPSIM 93 B.3 Explanation of Variables...equa. 90 APPENDIX B ADAPTIVE ROUTING PROGRAM FOR COMPUTER SIMULA HON The computer simulation for adaptive routing was initially run on a DDP-24 small...TRANSMIT OVER AVAILABLE LINKS MESSAGES IN QUEUE COMPUTE Ni NUMBER OF ARRIVALS AT EACH NODE i AT TIME T Fig. Bla - Flow Diagram of Program Routine 92

Comparison of Building Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics (BLAST) Computer Program Simulations and Measured Energy Use for Army Buildings.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-01

engineering ,ZteNo D R RPTE16 research w 9 laboratory COMPARISON OF BUILDING LOADS ANALYSIS AND SYSTEM THERMODYNAMICS (BLAST) AD 0 5 5,0 3COMPUTER PROGRAM...Building Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics (BLAST) computer program. A dental clinic and a battalion headquarters and classroom building were...Building and HVAC System Data Computer Simulation Comparison of Actual and Simulated Results ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

MPL-A program for computations with iterated integrals on moduli spaces of curves of genus zero

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bogner, Christian

2016-06-01

We introduce the Maple program MPL for computations with multiple polylogarithms. The program is based on homotopy invariant iterated integrals on moduli spaces M0,n of curves of genus 0 with n ordered marked points. It includes the symbol map and procedures for the analytic computation of period integrals on M0,n. It supports the automated computation of a certain class of Feynman integrals.

Coal-seismic, desktop computer programs in BASIC; Part 6, Develop rms velocity functions and apply mute and normal movement

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hasbrouck, W.P.

1983-01-01

Processing of data taken with the U.S. Geological Survey's coal-seismic system is done with a desktop, stand-alone computer. Programs for this computer are written in the extended BASIC language utilized by the Tektronix 4051 Graphic System. This report presents computer programs used to develop rms velocity functions and apply mute and normal moveout to a 12-trace seismogram.

Cost-Benefit Analysis for ECIA Chapter 1 and State DPPF Programs Comparing Groups Receiving Regular Program Instruction and Groups Receiving Computer Assisted Instruction/Computer Management System (CAI/CMS). 1986-87.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chamberlain, Ed

A cost benefit study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a computer assisted instruction/computer management system (CAI/CMS) as an alternative to conventional methods of teaching reading within Chapter 1 and DPPF funded programs of the Columbus (Ohio) Public Schools. The Chapter 1 funded Compensatory Language Experiences and Reading…

Upper Grades Ideas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thornburg, David; Beane, Pam

1983-01-01

Presents programming ideas using LOGO, activity for converting flowchart into a computer program, and a Pascal program for generating music using paddles. Includes the article "Helping Computers Adapt to Kids" by Philip Nothnagle; a program for estimating length of lines is included. (JN)

Developing a computer security training program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1990-01-01

We all know that training can empower the computer protection program. However, pushing computer security information outside the computer security organization into the rest of the company is often labeled as an easy project or a dungeon full of dragons. Used in part or whole, the strategy offered in this paper may help the developer of a computer security training program ward off dragons and create products and services. The strategy includes GOALS (what the result of training will be), POINTERS (tips to ensure survival), and STEPS (products and services as a means to accomplish the goals).

Refinement Of Hexahedral Cells In Euler Flow Computations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Melton, John E.; Cappuccio, Gelsomina; Thomas, Scott D.

1996-01-01

Topologically Independent Grid, Euler Refinement (TIGER) computer program solves Euler equations of three-dimensional, unsteady flow of inviscid, compressible fluid by numerical integration on unstructured hexahedral coordinate grid refined where necessary to resolve shocks and other details. Hexahedral cells subdivided, each into eight smaller cells, as needed to refine computational grid in regions of high flow gradients. Grid Interactive Refinement and Flow-Field Examination (GIRAFFE) computer program written in conjunction with TIGER program to display computed flow-field data and to assist researcher in verifying specified boundary conditions and refining grid.

Calculation of inviscid surface streamlines and heat transfer on shuttle type configurations. Part 2: Description of computer program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dejarnette, F. R.; Jones, M. H.

1971-01-01

A description of the computer program used for heating rate calculation for blunt bodies in hypersonic flow is given. The main program and each subprogram are described by defining the pertinent symbols involved and presenting a detailed flow diagram and complete computer program listing. Input and output parameters are discussed in detail. Listings are given for the computation of heating rates on (1) a blunted 15 deg half-angle cone at 20 deg incidence and Mach 10.6, (2) a blunted 70 deg slab delta wing at 10 deg incidence and Mach 8, and (3) the HL-10 lifting body at 20 deg incidence and Mach 10. In addition, the computer program output for two streamlines on the blunted 15 deg half-angle cone is listed. For Part 1, see N71-36186.

New reflective symmetry design capability in the JPL-IDEAS Structure Optimization Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Strain, D.; Levy, R.

1986-01-01

The JPL-IDEAS antenna structure analysis and design optimization computer program was modified to process half structure models of symmetric structures subjected to arbitrary external static loads, synthesize the performance, and optimize the design of the full structure. Significant savings in computation time and cost (more than 50%) were achieved compared to the cost of full model computer runs. The addition of the new reflective symmetry analysis design capabilities to the IDEAS program allows processing of structure models whose size would otherwise prevent automated design optimization. The new program produced synthesized full model iterative design results identical to those of actual full model program executions at substantially reduced cost, time, and computer storage.

Protection of Computer Programs--A Dilemma.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carnahan, William H.

Computer programs, as legitimate original inventions or creative written expressions, are entitled to patent or copyright protection. Understanding the legal implications of this concept is crucial to both computer programmers and their employers in our increasingly computer-oriented way of life. Basically the copyright or patent procedure…

Coal-seismic, desktop computer programs in BASIC; Part 7, Display and compute shear-pair seismograms

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hasbrouck, W.P.

1983-01-01

Processing of geophysical data taken with the U.S. Geological Survey's coal-seismic system is done with a desk-top, stand-alone computer. Programs for this computer are written in the extended BASIC language utilized by the Tektronix 4051 Graphic System. This report discusses and presents five computer pro grams used to display and compute shear-pair seismograms.

Tools for Administration of a UNIX-Based Network

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

LeClaire, Stephen; Farrar, Edward

2004-01-01

Several computer programs have been developed to enable efficient administration of a large, heterogeneous, UNIX-based computing and communication network that includes a variety of computers connected to a variety of subnetworks. One program provides secure software tools for administrators to create, modify, lock, and delete accounts of specific users. This program also provides tools for users to change their UNIX passwords and log-in shells. These tools check for errors. Another program comprises a client and a server component that, together, provide a secure mechanism to create, modify, and query quota levels on a network file system (NFS) mounted by use of the VERITAS File SystemJ software. The client software resides on an internal secure computer with a secure Web interface; one can gain access to the client software from any authorized computer capable of running web-browser software. The server software resides on a UNIX computer configured with the VERITAS software system. Directories where VERITAS quotas are applied are NFS-mounted. Another program is a Web-based, client/server Internet Protocol (IP) address tool that facilitates maintenance lookup of information about IP addresses for a network of computers.

Computer Program for the Design and Off-Design Performance of Turbojet and Turbofan Engine Cycles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morris, S. J.

1978-01-01

The rapid computer program is designed to be run in a stand-alone mode or operated within a larger program. The computation is based on a simplified one-dimensional gas turbine cycle. Each component in the engine is modeled thermo-dynamically. The component efficiencies used in the thermodynamic modeling are scaled for the off-design conditions from input design point values using empirical trends which are included in the computer code. The engine cycle program is capable of producing reasonable engine performance prediction with a minimum of computer execute time. The current computer execute time on the IBM 360/67 for one Mach number, one altitude, and one power setting is about 0.1 seconds. about 0.1 seconds. The principal assumption used in the calculation is that the compressor is operated along a line of maximum adiabatic efficiency on the compressor map. The fluid properties are computed for the combustion mixture, but dissociation is not included. The procedure included in the program is only for the combustion of JP-4, methane, or hydrogen.

Program manual for the Shuttle Electric Power System analysis computer program (SEPS), volume 1 of program documentation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bains, R. W.; Herwig, H. A.; Luedeman, J. K.; Torina, E. M.

1974-01-01

The Shuttle Electric Power System (SEPS) computer program is considered in terms of the program manual, programmer guide, and program utilization. The main objective is to provide the information necessary to interpret and use the routines comprising the SEPS program. Subroutine descriptions including the name, purpose, method, variable definitions, and logic flow are presented.

Development and evaluation of a computer program to grade student performance on peripheral blood smears

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lehman, Donald Clifford

Today's medical laboratories are dealing with cost containment health care policies and unfilled laboratory positions. Because there may be fewer experienced clinical laboratory scientists, students graduating from clinical laboratory science (CLS) programs are expected by their employers to perform accurately in entry-level positions with minimal training. Information in the CLS field is increasing at a dramatic rate, and instructors are expected to teach more content in the same amount of time with the same resources. With this increase in teaching obligations, instructors could use a tool to facilitate grading. The research question was, "Can computer-assisted assessment evaluate students in an accurate and time efficient way?" A computer program was developed to assess CLS students' ability to evaluate peripheral blood smears. Automated grading permits students to get results quicker and allows the laboratory instructor to devote less time to grading. This computer program could improve instruction by providing more time to students and instructors for other activities. To be valuable, the program should provide the same quality of grading as the instructor. These benefits must outweigh potential problems such as the time necessary to develop and maintain the program, monitoring of student progress by the instructor, and the financial cost of the computer software and hardware. In this study, surveys of students and an interview with the laboratory instructor were performed to provide a formative evaluation of the computer program. In addition, the grading accuracy of the computer program was examined. These results will be used to improve the program for use in future courses.

Structured Design Language for Computer Programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pace, Walter H., Jr.

1986-01-01

Box language used at all stages of program development. Developed to provide improved productivity in designing, coding, and maintaining computer programs. BOX system written in FORTRAN 77 for batch execution.

Computer Literacy and the Library: A New Connection.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fenske, Rachel F.

1998-01-01

Describes a program at Eastern Washington University that integrates library skills as a component of the English composition program, and is part of a computer-literacy program stemming from a general-education curriculum reform. Discusses program development and design, assessment of student learning, and effectiveness of the program. (LRW)

Conceptions of Programming: A Study into Learning To Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Booth, Shirley

This paper reports the results of a phenomenographic study which focused on identifying and describing the conceptions of programming and related phenomena of about 120 computer science and computer engineering students learning to program. The report begins by tracing developments in the students' conceptions of programming and its parts, and…

Video and Computer Technologies for Extended-Campus Programming.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sagan, Edgar L.; And Others

This paper discusses video and computer technologies for extended-campus programming (courses and programs at off-campus sites). The first section provides an overview of the distance education program at the University of Kentucky (UK), and highlights the improved access to graduate and professional programs, advances in technology, funding,…

Development of Integrated Programs for Aerospace-vehicle design (IPAD): Integrated information processing requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Southall, J. W.

1979-01-01

The engineering-specified requirements for integrated information processing by means of the Integrated Programs for Aerospace-Vehicle Design (IPAD) system are presented. A data model is described and is based on the design process of a typical aerospace vehicle. General data management requirements are specified for data storage, retrieval, generation, communication, and maintenance. Information management requirements are specified for a two-component data model. In the general portion, data sets are managed as entities, and in the specific portion, data elements and the relationships between elements are managed by the system, allowing user access to individual elements for the purpose of query. Computer program management requirements are specified for support of a computer program library, control of computer programs, and installation of computer programs into IPAD.

THERMTRAJ: A FORTRAN program to compute the trajectory and gas film temperatures of zero pressure balloons

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Horn, W. J.; Carlson, L. A.

1983-01-01

A FORTRAN computer program called THERMTRAJ is presented which can be used to compute the trajectory of high altitude scientific zero pressure balloons from launch through all subsequent phases of the balloon flight. In addition, balloon gas and film temperatures can be computed at every point of the flight. The program has the ability to account for ballasting, changes in cloud cover, variable atmospheric temperature profiles, and both unconditional valving and scheduled valving of the balloon gas. The program was verified for an extensive range of balloon sizes (from 0.5 to 41.47 million cubic feet). Instructions on program usage, listing of the program source deck, input data and printed and plotted output for a verification case are included.

Computer program for a four-cylinder-Stirling-engine controls simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daniels, C. J.; Lorenzo, C. F.

1982-01-01

A four cylinder Stirling engine, transient engine simulation computer program is presented. The program is intended for controls analysis. The associated engine model was simplified to shorten computer calculation time. The model includes engine mechanical drive dynamics and vehicle load effects. The computer program also includes subroutines that allow: (1) acceleration of the engine by addition of hydrogen to the system, and (2) braking of the engine by short circuiting of the working spaces. Subroutines to calculate degraded engine performance (e.g., due to piston ring and piston rod leakage) are provided. Input data required to run the program are described and flow charts are provided. The program is modular to allow easy modification of individual routines. Examples of steady state and transient results are presented.

Computer program for calculating supersonic flow about circular, elliptic, and bielliptic cones by the method of lines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klunker, E. B.; South, J. C., Jr.; Davis, R. M.

1972-01-01

A user's manual for a computer program which calculates the supersonic flow about circular, elliptic, and bielliptic cones at incidence and elliptic cones at yaw by the method of lines is presented. The program is automated to compute a case from known or easily calculated solution by changing the parameters through a sequence of steps. It provides information including the shock shape, flow field, isentropic surface properties, entropy layer, and force coefficients. A description of the program operation, sample computations, and a FORTRAN 4 listing are presented.

Generalized environmental control and life support system computer program (G189A) configuration control. [computer subroutine libraries for shuttle orbiter analyses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blakely, R. L.

1973-01-01

A G189A simulation of the shuttle orbiter EC/lSS was prepared and used to study payload support capabilities. Two master program libraries of the G189A computer program were prepared for the NASA/JSC computer system. Several new component subroutines were added to the G189A program library and many existing subroutines were revised to improve their capabilities. A number of special analyses were performed in support of a NASA/JSC shuttle orbiter EC/LSS payload support capability study.

GYC: A program to compute the turbulent boundary layer on a rotating cone

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sullivan, R. D.

1976-01-01

A computer program, GYC, which is capable of computing the properties of a compressible turbulent boundary layer on a rotating axisymmetric cone-cylinder body, according to the principles of invariant modeling was studied. The program is extended to include the calculation of the turbulence scale by a differential equation. GYC is in operation on the CDC-7600 computer and has undergone several corrections and improvements as a result of the experience gained. The theoretical basis for the program and the method of implementation, as well as information on its operation are given.

Transpiration and film cooling boundary layer computer program. Volume 2: Computer program and user's manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gloss, R. J.

1971-01-01

A finite difference turbulent boundary layer computer program which allows for mass transfer wall cooling and equilibrium chemistry effects is presented. The program is capable of calculating laminar or turbulent boundary layer solutions for an arbitrary ideal gas or an equilibrium hydrogen oxygen system. Either two dimensional or axisymmetric geometric configurations may be considered. The equations are solved, in nondimension-alized physical coordinates, using the implicit Crank-Nicolson technique. The finite difference forms of the conservation of mass, momentum, total enthalpy and elements equations are linearized and uncoupled, thereby generating easily solvable tridiagonal sets of algebraic equations. A detailed description of the computer program, as well as a program user's manual is provided. Detailed descriptions of all boundary layer subroutines are included, as well as a section defining all program symbols of principal importance. Instructions are then given for preparing card input to the program and for interpreting the printed output. Finally, two sample cases are included to illustrate the use of the program.

Computer Recreations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dewdney, A. K.

1989-01-01

Reviews the performance of computer programs for writing poetry and prose, including MARK V. SHANEY, MELL, POETRY GENERATOR, THUNDER THOUGHT, and ORPHEUS. Discusses the writing principles of the programs. Provides additional information on computer magnification techniques. (YP)

My Computer Is Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Good, Ron

1986-01-01

Describes instructional uses of computer programs found in David Heiserman's book "Projects in Machine Intelligence for Your Home Computer." The programs feature "creatures" of various colors that move around within a rectangular white border. (JN)

Protecting Your Computer from Viruses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Descy, Don E.

2006-01-01

A computer virus is defined as a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer. The existence of computer viruses--or the necessity of avoiding viruses--is part of using a computer. With the advent of the Internet, the door was opened wide for these…

The Computer as a Teaching Aid for Eleventh Grade Mathematics: A Comparison Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kieren, Thomas Ervin

To determine the effect of learning computer programming and the use of a computer on mathematical achievement of eleventh grade students, for each of two years, average and above average students were randomly assigned to an experimental and control group. The experimental group wrote computer programs and used the output from the computer in…

Computer Technology for Industry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

In this age of the computer, more and more business firms are automating their operations for increased efficiency in a great variety of jobs, from simple accounting to managing inventories, from precise machining to analyzing complex structures. In the interest of national productivity, NASA is providing assistance both to longtime computer users and newcomers to automated operations. Through a special technology utilization service, NASA saves industry time and money by making available already developed computer programs which have secondary utility. A computer program is essentially a set of instructions which tells the computer how to produce desired information or effect by drawing upon its stored input. Developing a new program from scratch can be costly and time-consuming. Very often, however, a program developed for one purpose can readily be adapted to a totally different application. To help industry take advantage of existing computer technology, NASA operates the Computer Software Management and Information Center (COSMIC)(registered TradeMark),located at the University of Georgia. COSMIC maintains a large library of computer programs developed for NASA, the Department of Defense, the Department of Energy and other technology-generating agencies of the government. The Center gets a continual flow of software packages, screens them for adaptability to private sector usage, stores them and informs potential customers of their availability.

Programs for Fundamentals of Chemistry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gallardo, Julio; Delgado, Steven

This document provides computer programs, written in BASIC PLUS, for presenting fundamental or remedial college chemistry students with chemical problems in a computer assisted instructional program. Programs include instructions, a sample run, and 14 separate practice sessions covering: mathematical operations, using decimals, solving…

Changing the Paradigm: Preparing Students for the Computing Profession in the 21st Century

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robbins, Kay A.

2003-01-01

The dramatic technological developments of the past decade have led to a tremendous growth in the demand for computer science professionals well-versed in advanced technology and techniques. NASA, traditionally a haven for cutting-edge innovators, is now competing with every industrial and government sector for computer science talent. The computer science program at University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) faces challenges beyond those intrinsically presented by rapid technological change, because a significant number of UTSA students come from low-income families with no Internet or computer access at home. An examination of enrollment statistics for the computer science program at UTSA showed that very few students who entered as freshmen successfully graduated. The upper division courses appeared to be populated by graduate students removing deficiencies and by transfer students. The faculty was also concerned that the students who did graduate from the program did not have the strong technical and programming skills that the CS program had been noted for in the community during the 1980's.

VASCOMP 2. The V/STOL aircraft sizing and performance computer program. Volume 6: User's manual, revision 3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schoen, A. H.; Rosenstein, H.; Stanzione, K.; Wisniewski, J. S.

1980-01-01

This report describes the use of the V/STOL Aircraft Sizing and Performance Computer Program (VASCOMP II). The program is useful in performing aircraft parametric studies in a quick and cost efficient manner. Problem formulation and data development were performed by the Boeing Vertol Company and reflects the present preliminary design technology. The computer program, written in FORTRAN IV, has a broad range of input parameters, to enable investigation of a wide variety of aircraft. User oriented features of the program include minimized input requirements, diagnostic capabilities, and various options for program flexibility.

Automatic system for computer program documentation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Simmons, D. B.; Elliott, R. W.; Arseven, S.; Colunga, D.

1972-01-01

Work done on a project to design an automatic system for computer program documentation aids was made to determine what existing programs could be used effectively to document computer programs. Results of the study are included in the form of an extensive bibliography and working papers on appropriate operating systems, text editors, program editors, data structures, standards, decision tables, flowchart systems, and proprietary documentation aids. The preliminary design for an automated documentation system is also included. An actual program has been documented in detail to demonstrate the types of output that can be produced by the proposed system.

Multithreaded transactions in scientific computing: New versions of a computer program for kinematical calculations of RHEED intensity oscillations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brzuszek, Marcin; Daniluk, Andrzej

2006-11-01

Writing a concurrent program can be more difficult than writing a sequential program. Programmer needs to think about synchronisation, race conditions and shared variables. Transactions help reduce the inconvenience of using threads. A transaction is an abstraction, which allows programmers to group a sequence of actions on the program into a logical, higher-level computation unit. This paper presents multithreaded versions of the GROWTH program, which allow to calculate the layer coverages during the growth of thin epitaxial films and the corresponding RHEED intensities according to the kinematical approximation. The presented programs also contain graphical user interfaces, which enable displaying program data at run-time. New version program summaryTitles of programs:GROWTHGr, GROWTH06 Catalogue identifier:ADVL_v2_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADVL_v2_0 Program obtainable from:CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. Ireland Catalogue identifier of previous version:ADVL Does the new version supersede the original program:No Computer for which the new version is designed and others on which it has been tested: Pentium-based PC Operating systems or monitors under which the new version has been tested: Windows 9x, XP, NT Programming language used:Object Pascal Memory required to execute with typical data:More than 1 MB Number of bits in a word:64 bits Number of processors used:1 No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.:20 931 Number of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 1 311 268 Distribution format:tar.gz Nature of physical problem: The programs compute the RHEED intensities during the growth of thin epitaxial structures prepared using the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The computations are based on the use of kinematical diffraction theory [P.I. Cohen, G.S. Petrich, P.R. Pukite, G.J. Whaley, A.S. Arrott, Surf. Sci. 216 (1989) 222. [1

Identification of Program Signatures from Cloud Computing System Telemetry Data

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nichols, Nicole M.; Greaves, Mark T.; Smith, William P.

Malicious cloud computing activity can take many forms, including running unauthorized programs in a virtual environment. Detection of these malicious activities while preserving the privacy of the user is an important research challenge. Prior work has shown the potential viability of using cloud service billing metrics as a mechanism for proxy identification of malicious programs. Previously this novel detection method has been evaluated in a synthetic and isolated computational environment. In this paper we demonstrate the ability of billing metrics to identify programs, in an active cloud computing environment, including multiple virtual machines running on the same hypervisor. The openmore » source cloud computing platform OpenStack, is used for private cloud management at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. OpenStack provides a billing tool (Ceilometer) to collect system telemetry measurements. We identify four different programs running on four virtual machines under the same cloud user account. Programs were identified with up to 95% accuracy. This accuracy is dependent on the distinctiveness of telemetry measurements for the specific programs we tested. Future work will examine the scalability of this approach for a larger selection of programs to better understand the uniqueness needed to identify a program. Additionally, future work should address the separation of signatures when multiple programs are running on the same virtual machine.« less

A Reading Skills Development Program for Adult Non-Readers. Featuring: Supplementary Graphics and Sound (Voice Tutorials). Volumes 1 and 2. The TRS-80 Computer Assisted Instruction Series for Adult Basic Education Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

San Antonio State Hospital, TX. Office of Education Services.

This instructional manual consists of materials for use in implementing a computer-assisted instructional program in reading skills development for adult nonreaders. Discussed first are the project during which this instructional program and manual were developed and the goals of the computer-assisted beginning reading program, a major feature of…

Mass Memory Storage Devices for AN/SLQ-32(V).

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-01

tactical programs and libraries into the AN/UYK-19 computer , the RP-16 microprocessor, and other peripheral processors (e.g., ADLS and Band 1) will be...software must be loaded into computer memory from the 4-track magnetic tape cartridges (MTCs) on which the programs are stored. Program load begins...software. Future computer programs , which will reside in peripheral processors, include the Automated Decoy Launching System (ADLS) and Band 1. As

The Use and Misuse of Computers in Education: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Colombia. Impact Evaluation Series No. 29. Policy Research Working Paper 4836

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barrera-Osorio, Felipe; Linden, Leigh L.

2009-01-01

This paper presents the evaluation of the program Computers for Education. The program aims to integrate computers, donated by the private sector, into the teaching of language in public schools. The authors conduct a two-year randomized evaluation of the program using a sample of 97 schools and 5,201 children. Overall, the program seems to have…

Modeling and Analysis of Power Processing Systems (MAPPS). Volume 2: Appendices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, F. C.; Radman, S.; Carter, R. A.; Wu, C. H.; Yu, Y.; Chang, R.

1980-01-01

The computer programs and derivations generated in support of the modeling and design optimization program are presented. Programs for the buck regulator, boost regulator, and buck-boost regulator are described. The computer program for the design optimization calculations is presented. Constraints for the boost and buck-boost converter were derived. Derivations of state-space equations and transfer functions are presented. Computer lists for the converters are presented, and the input parameters justified.

78 FR 1275 - Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-08

... Social Security Administration (Computer Matching Agreement 1071). SUMMARY: In accordance with the... of its new computer matching program with the Social Security Administration (SSA). DATES: OPM will... conditions under which SSA will disclose Social Security benefit data to OPM via direct computer link. OPM...

Equations for calculating hydrogeochemical reactions of minerals and gases such as CO2 at high pressures and temperatures

USGS Publications Warehouse

Appelo, C.A.J.; Parkhurst, David L.; Post, V.E.A.

2014-01-01

Calculating the solubility of gases and minerals at the high pressures of carbon capture and storage in geological reservoirs requires an accurate description of the molar volumes of aqueous species and the fugacity coefficients of gases. Existing methods for calculating the molar volumes of aqueous species are limited to a specific concentration matrix (often seawater), have been fit for a limited temperature (below 60 °C) or pressure range, apply only at infinite dilution, or are defined for salts instead of individual ions. A more general and reliable calculation of apparent molar volumes of single ions is presented, based on a modified Redlich–Rosenfeld equation. The modifications consist of (1) using the Born equation to calculate the temperature dependence of the intrinsic volumes, following Helgeson–Kirkham–Flowers (HKF), but with Bradley and Pitzer’s expression for the dielectric permittivity of water, (2) using the pressure dependence of the extended Debye–Hückel equation to constrain the limiting slope of the molar volume with ionic strength, and (3) adopting the convention that the proton has zero volume at all ionic strengths, temperatures and pressures. The modifications substantially reduce the number of fitting parameters, while maintaining or even extending the range of temperature and pressure over which molar volumes can be accurately estimated. The coefficients in the HKF-modified-Redlich–Rosenfeld equation were fitted by least-squares on measured solution densities.The limiting volume and attraction factor in the Van der Waals equation of state can be estimated with the Peng–Robinson approach from the critical temperature, pressure, and acentric factor of a gas. The Van der Waals equation can then be used to determine the fugacity coefficients for pure gases and gases in a mixture, and the solubility of the gas can be calculated from the fugacity, the molar volume in aqueous solution, and the equilibrium constant. The coefficients for the Peng–Robinson equations are readily available in the literature.The required equations have been implemented in PHREEQC, version 3, and the parameters for calculating the partial molar volumes and fugacity coefficients have been added to the databases that are distributed with PHREEQC. The ease of use and power of the formulation are illustrated by calculating the solubility of CO2 at high pressures and temperatures, and comparing with well-known examples from the geochemical literature. The equations and parameterizations are suitable for wide application in hydrogeochemical systems, especially in the field of carbon capture and storage.

Equations for calculating hydrogeochemical reactions of minerals and gases such as CO2 at high pressures and temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Appelo, C. A. J.; Parkhurst, D. L.; Post, V. E. A.

2014-01-01

Calculating the solubility of gases and minerals at the high pressures of carbon capture and storage in geological reservoirs requires an accurate description of the molar volumes of aqueous species and the fugacity coefficients of gases. Existing methods for calculating the molar volumes of aqueous species are limited to a specific concentration matrix (often seawater), have been fit for a limited temperature (below 60 °C) or pressure range, apply only at infinite dilution, or are defined for salts instead of individual ions. A more general and reliable calculation of apparent molar volumes of single ions is presented, based on a modified Redlich-Rosenfeld equation. The modifications consist of (1) using the Born equation to calculate the temperature dependence of the intrinsic volumes, following Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers (HKF), but with Bradley and Pitzer’s expression for the dielectric permittivity of water, (2) using the pressure dependence of the extended Debye-Hückel equation to constrain the limiting slope of the molar volume with ionic strength, and (3) adopting the convention that the proton has zero volume at all ionic strengths, temperatures and pressures. The modifications substantially reduce the number of fitting parameters, while maintaining or even extending the range of temperature and pressure over which molar volumes can be accurately estimated. The coefficients in the HKF-modified-Redlich-Rosenfeld equation were fitted by least-squares on measured solution densities. The limiting volume and attraction factor in the Van der Waals equation of state can be estimated with the Peng-Robinson approach from the critical temperature, pressure, and acentric factor of a gas. The Van der Waals equation can then be used to determine the fugacity coefficients for pure gases and gases in a mixture, and the solubility of the gas can be calculated from the fugacity, the molar volume in aqueous solution, and the equilibrium constant. The coefficients for the Peng-Robinson equations are readily available in the literature. The required equations have been implemented in PHREEQC, version 3, and the parameters for calculating the partial molar volumes and fugacity coefficients have been added to the databases that are distributed with PHREEQC. The ease of use and power of the formulation are illustrated by calculating the solubility of CO2 at high pressures and temperatures, and comparing with well-known examples from the geochemical literature. The equations and parameterizations are suitable for wide application in hydrogeochemical systems, especially in the field of carbon capture and storage.

EZLP: An Interactive Computer Program for Solving Linear Programming Problems. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jarvis, John J.; And Others

Designed for student use in solving linear programming problems, the interactive computer program described (EZLP) permits the student to input the linear programming model in exactly the same manner in which it would be written on paper. This report includes a brief review of the development of EZLP; narrative descriptions of program features,…

Formatting scripts with computers and Extended BASIC.

PubMed

Menning, C B

1984-02-01

A computer program, written in the language of Extended BASIC, is presented which enables scripts, for educational media, to be quickly written in a nearly unformatted style. From the resulting script file, stored on magnetic tape or disk, the computer program formats the script into either a storyboard , a presentation, or a narrator 's script. Script headings and page and paragraph numbers are automatic features in the word processing. Suggestions are given for making personal modifications to the computer program.

Coal-seismic, desktop computer programs in BASIC; Part 5, Perform X-square T-square analysis and plot normal moveout lines on seismogram overlay

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hasbrouck, W.P.

1983-01-01

Processing of data taken with the U.S. Geological Survey's coal-seismic system is done with a desktop, stand-alone computer. Programs for this computer are written in the extended BASIC language used by the Tektronix 4051 Graphic System. This report presents computer programs to perform X-square/T-square analyses and to plot normal moveout lines on a seismogram overlay.

Computer Programs For Automated Welding System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Agapakis, John E.

1993-01-01

Computer programs developed for use in controlling automated welding system described in MFS-28578. Together with control computer, computer input and output devices and control sensors and actuators, provide flexible capability for planning and implementation of schemes for automated welding of specific workpieces. Developed according to macro- and task-level programming schemes, which increases productivity and consistency by reducing amount of "teaching" of system by technician. System provides for three-dimensional mathematical modeling of workpieces, work cells, robots, and positioners.

DEP : a computer program for evaluating lumber drying costs and investments

Treesearch

Stewart Holmes; George B. Harpole; Edward Bilek

1983-01-01

The DEP computer program is a modified discounted cash flow computer program designed for analysis of problems involving economic analysis of wood drying processes. Wood drying processes are different from other processes because of the large amounts of working capital required to finance inventories, and because of relatively large shares of costs charged to inventory...

The Identification, Implementation, and Evaluation of Critical User Interface Design Features of Computer-Assisted Instruction Programs in Mathematics for Students with Learning Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seo, You-Jin; Woo, Honguk

2010-01-01

Critical user interface design features of computer-assisted instruction programs in mathematics for students with learning disabilities and corresponding implementation guidelines were identified in this study. Based on the identified features and guidelines, a multimedia computer-assisted instruction program, "Math Explorer", which delivers…

U.S.-MEXICO BORDER PROGRAM ARIZONA BORDER STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR PERFORMANCE OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE: VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION (IIT-A-2.0)

EPA Science Inventory

The purpose of this SOP is to define the procedures for the initial and periodic verification and validation of computer programs. The programs are used during the Arizona NHEXAS project and Border study at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) site. Keywords: computers; s...

Operations analysis (study 2.1). Program listing for the LOVES computer code

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wray, S. T., Jr.

1974-01-01

A listing of the LOVES computer program is presented. The program is coded partially in SIMSCRIPT and FORTRAN. This version of LOVES is compatible with both the CDC 7600 and the UNIVAC 1108 computers. The code has been compiled, loaded, and executed successfully on the EXEC 8 system for the UNIVAC 1108.

Theory and Programs for Dynamic Modeling of Tree Rings from Climate

Treesearch

Paul C. van Deusen; Jennifer Koretz

1988-01-01

Computer programs written in GAUSS(TM) for IBM compatible personal computers are described that perform dynamic tree ring modeling with climate data; the underlying theory is also described. The programs and a separate users manual are available from the authors, although users must have the GAUSS software package on their personal computer. An example application of...

Computer program and user documentation medical data tape retrieval system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anderson, J.

1971-01-01

This volume provides several levels of documentation for the program module of the NASA medical directorate mini-computer storage and retrieval system. A biomedical information system overview describes some of the reasons for the development of the mini-computer storage and retrieval system. It briefly outlines all of the program modules which constitute the system.

45 CFR 309.145 - What costs are allowable for Tribal IV-D programs carried out under § 309.65(a) of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

.... (h) Automated data processing computer systems, including: (1) Planning efforts in the identification, evaluation, and selection of an automated data processing computer system solution meeting the program... existing automated data processing computer system to support Tribal IV-D program operations, and...

45 CFR 309.145 - What costs are allowable for Tribal IV-D programs carried out under § 309.65(a) of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

.... (h) Automated data processing computer systems, including: (1) Planning efforts in the identification, evaluation, and selection of an automated data processing computer system solution meeting the program... existing automated data processing computer system to support Tribal IV-D program operations, and...

45 CFR 309.145 - What costs are allowable for Tribal IV-D programs carried out under § 309.65(a) of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

.... (h) Automated data processing computer systems, including: (1) Planning efforts in the identification, evaluation, and selection of an automated data processing computer system solution meeting the program... existing automated data processing computer system to support Tribal IV-D program operations, and...

45 CFR 309.145 - What costs are allowable for Tribal IV-D programs carried out under § 309.65(a) of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

.... (h) Automated data processing computer systems, including: (1) Planning efforts in the identification, evaluation, and selection of an automated data processing computer system solution meeting the program... existing automated data processing computer system to support Tribal IV-D program operations, and...

45 CFR 309.145 - What costs are allowable for Tribal IV-D programs carried out under § 309.65(a) of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

.... (h) Automated data processing computer systems, including: (1) Planning efforts in the identification, evaluation, and selection of an automated data processing computer system solution meeting the program... existing automated data processing computer system to support Tribal IV-D program operations, and...

Modular space station, phase B extension. Information management advanced development. Volume 5: Software assembly

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gerber, C. R.

1972-01-01

The development of uniform computer program standards and conventions for the modular space station is discussed. The accomplishments analyzed are: (1) development of computer program specification hierarchy, (2) definition of computer program development plan, and (3) recommendations for utilization of all operating on-board space station related data processing facilities.

Introductory Computer Programming Course Teaching Improvement Using Immersion Language, Extreme Programming, and Education Theories

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Velez-Rubio, Miguel

2013-01-01

Teaching computer programming to freshmen students in Computer Sciences and other Information Technology areas has been identified as a complex activity. Different approaches have been studied looking for the best one that could help to improve this teaching process. A proposed approach was implemented which is based in the language immersion…

"Hour of Code": Can It Change Students' Attitudes toward Programming?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Du, Jie; Wimmer, Hayden; Rada, Roy

2016-01-01

The Hour of Code is a one-hour introduction to computer science organized by Code.org, a non-profit dedicated to expanding participation in computer science. This study investigated the impact of the Hour of Code on students' attitudes towards computer programming and their knowledge of programming. A sample of undergraduate students from two…

Developing Student Programming and Problem-Solving Skills with Visual Basic

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siegle, Del

2009-01-01

Although most computer users will never need to write a computer program, many students enjoy the challenge of creating one. Computer programming enhances students' problem solving by forcing students to break a problem into its component pieces and reassemble it in a generic format that can be understood by a nonsentient entity. It promotes…

Flexible Animation Computer Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stallcup, Scott S.

1990-01-01

FLEXAN (Flexible Animation), computer program animating structural dynamics on Evans and Sutherland PS300-series graphics workstation with VAX/VMS host computer. Typical application is animation of spacecraft undergoing structural stresses caused by thermal and vibrational effects. Displays distortions in shape of spacecraft. Program displays single natural mode of vibration, mode history, or any general deformation of flexible structure. Written in FORTRAN 77.

Exploring the Perceptions of College Instructors towards Computer Simulation Software Programs: A Quantitative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Punch, Raymond J.

2012-01-01

The purpose of the quantitative regression study was to explore and to identify relationships between attitudes toward use and perceptions of value of computer-based simulation programs, of college instructors, toward computer based simulation programs. A relationship has been reported between attitudes toward use and perceptions of the value of…

A computer program to trace seismic ray distribution in complex two-dimensional geological models

USGS Publications Warehouse

Yacoub, Nazieh K.; Scott, James H.

1970-01-01

A computer program has been developed to trace seismic rays and their amplitudes and energies through complex two-dimensional geological models, for which boundaries between elastic units are defined by a series of digitized X-, Y-coordinate values. Input data for the program includes problem identification, control parameters, model coordinates and elastic parameter for the elastic units. The program evaluates the partitioning of ray amplitude and energy at elastic boundaries, computes the total travel time, total travel distance and other parameters for rays arising at the earth's surface. Instructions are given for punching program control cards and data cards, and for arranging input card decks. An example of printer output for a simple problem is presented. The program is written in FORTRAN IV language. The listing of the program is shown in the Appendix, with an example output from a CDC-6600 computer.

Computational techniques for solar wind flows past terrestrial planets: Theory and computer programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stahara, S. S.; Chaussee, D. S.; Trudinger, B. C.; Spreiter, J. R.

1977-01-01

The interaction of the solar wind with terrestrial planets can be predicted using a computer program based on a single fluid, steady, dissipationless, magnetohydrodynamic model to calculate the axisymmetric, supersonic, super-Alfvenic solar wind flow past both magnetic and nonmagnetic planets. The actual calculations are implemented by an assemblage of computer codes organized into one program. These include finite difference codes which determine the gas-dynamic solution, together with a variety of special purpose output codes for determining and automatically plotting both flow field and magnetic field results. Comparisons are made with previous results, and results are presented for a number of solar wind flows. The computational programs developed are documented and are presented in a general user's manual which is included.

A Tangible Programming Tool for Children to Cultivate Computational Thinking

PubMed Central

Wang, Danli; Liu, Zhen

2014-01-01

Game and creation are activities which have good potential for computational thinking skills. In this paper we present T-Maze, an economical tangible programming tool for children aged 5–9 to build computer programs in maze games by placing wooden blocks. Through the use of computer vision technology, T-Maze provides a live programming interface with real-time graphical and voice feedback. We conducted a user study with 7 children using T-Maze to play two levels of maze-escape games and create their own mazes. The results show that T-Maze is not only easy to use, but also has the potential to help children cultivate computational thinking like abstraction, problem decomposition, and creativity. PMID:24719575

Supplement to the ICRPG turbulent boundary layer nozzle analysis computer program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Omori, S.; Gross, K. W.

1972-01-01

A supplement is presented for a turbulent boundary layer nozzle analysis computer program. It describes the program calculation sequence and presents a detailed documentation of each subroutine. Important equations are derived explicitly, and improvements to the program are discussed.

Human Memory Organization for Computer Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Norcio, A. F.; Kerst, Stephen M.

1983-01-01

Results of study investigating human memory organization in processing of computer programming languages indicate that algorithmic logic segments form a cognitive organizational structure in memory for programs. Statement indentation and internal program documentation did not enhance organizational process of recall of statements in five Fortran…

Index to Computer Assisted Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lekan, Helen A., Ed.

The computer assisted instruction (CAI) programs and projects described in this index are listed by subject matter. The index gives the program name, author, source, description, prerequisites, level of instruction, type of student, average completion time, logic and program, purpose for which program was designed, supplementary…

Computer program for calculating supersonic flow on the windward side conical delta wings by the method of lines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klunker, E. B.; South, J. C., Jr.; Davis, R. M.

1972-01-01

A user's manual is presented for a program that calculates the supersonic flow on the windward side of conical delta wings with shock attached at the sharp leading edge by the method of lines. The program also has a limited capability for computing the flow about circular and elliptic cones at incidence. It provides information including the shock shape, flow field, isentropic surface-flow properties, and force coefficients. A description of the program operation, a sample computation, and a FORTRAN 4 program listing are included.

Computer viruses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Denning, Peter J.

1988-01-01

The worm, Trojan horse, bacterium, and virus are destructive programs that attack information stored in a computer's memory. Virus programs, which propagate by incorporating copies of themselves into other programs, are a growing menace in the late-1980s world of unprotected, networked workstations and personal computers. Limited immunity is offered by memory protection hardware, digitally authenticated object programs,and antibody programs that kill specific viruses. Additional immunity can be gained from the practice of digital hygiene, primarily the refusal to use software from untrusted sources. Full immunity requires attention in a social dimension, the accountability of programmers.

Computer Applications in Reading. Third Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blanchard, Jay S.; And Others

Intended as a reference for researchers, teachers, and administrators, this book chronicles research, programs, and uses of computers in reading. Chapter 1 provides a broad view of computer applications in education, while Chapter 2 provides annotated references for computer based reading and language arts programs for children and adults in…

Seventy Years of Computing in the Nuclear Weapons Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Archer, Billy Joe

Los Alamos has continuously been on the forefront of scientific computing since it helped found the field. This talk will explore the rich history of computing in the Los Alamos weapons program. The current status of computing will be discussed, as will the expectations for the near future.

Learning about Tasks Computers Can Perform. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brosnan, Patricia A.

Knowing what different kinds of computer equipment can do is the first step in choosing the computer that is right for you. This digest describes a developmental progression of computer capabilities. First the basic three software programs (word processing, spreadsheets, and database programs) are discussed using examples. Next, an explanation of…

Your Career in Computer Programming.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seligsohn, I. J.

This book offers the career-minded young reader insight into computers and computer-programming, by describing the nature of the work, the actual workings of the machines, the language of computers, their history, and their far-reading and increasing applications in business, industry, science, education, defense, and government. At the same time,…

Project Logic Handbook: Computer Literacy through BASIC.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huber, Leonard; And Others

This handbook for teachers offers guidance on introducing computer literacy into elementary and secondary classrooms. It includes a list of computer concepts exemplified by each step in learning to write programs in BASIC Programming Language and the objectives for the elementary and secondary activities; suggestions for using computers in…

Computer-Assisted Language Learning: Current Programs and Projects. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Higgins, Chris

For many years, foreign language teachers have used the computer to provide supplemental exercises in the instruction of foreign languages. In recent years, advances in computer technology have motivated teachers to reassess the computer and consider it a valuable part of daily foreign language learning. Innovative software programs, authoring…

75 FR 28252 - Notice of a Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-20

... GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION Notice of a Computer Matching Program AGENCY: General Services... providing notice of a proposed computer match. The purpose of this match is to identify individuals who are... providing notice of a proposed computer match. The purpose of this match is to identify individuals who are...

A computer program for analyzing channel geometry

USGS Publications Warehouse

Regan, R.S.; Schaffranek, R.W.

1985-01-01

The Channel Geometry Analysis Program (CGAP) provides the capability to process, analyze, and format cross-sectional data for input to flow/transport simulation models or other computational programs. CGAP allows for a variety of cross-sectional data input formats through use of variable format specification. The program accepts data from various computer media and provides for modification of machine-stored parameter values. CGAP has been devised to provide a rapid and efficient means of computing and analyzing the physical properties of an open-channel reach defined by a sequence of cross sections. CGAP 's 16 options provide a wide range of methods by which to analyze and depict a channel reach and its individual cross-sectional properties. The primary function of the program is to compute the area, width, wetted perimeter, and hydraulic radius of cross sections at successive increments of water surface elevation (stage) from data that consist of coordinate pairs of cross-channel distances and land surface or channel bottom elevations. Longitudinal rates-of-change of cross-sectional properties are also computed, as are the mean properties of a channel reach. Output products include tabular lists of cross-sectional area, channel width, wetted perimeter, hydraulic radius, average depth, and cross-sectional symmetry computed as functions of stage; plots of cross sections; plots of cross-sectional area and (or) channel width as functions of stage; tabular lists of cross-sectional area and channel width computed as functions of stage for subdivisions of a cross section; plots of cross sections in isometric projection; and plots of cross-sectional area at a fixed stage as a function of longitudinal distance along an open-channel reach. A Command Procedure Language program and Job Control Language procedure exist to facilitate program execution on the U.S. Geological Survey Prime and Amdahl computer systems respectively. (Lantz-PTT)

Preparing Students for Careers in Science and Industry with Computational Physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Florinski, V. A.

2011-12-01

Funded by NSF CAREER grant, the University of Alabama (UAH) in Huntsville has launched a new graduate program in Computational Physics. It is universally accepted that today's physics is done on a computer. The program blends the boundary between physics and computer science by teaching student modern, practical techniques of solving difficult physics problems using diverse computational platforms. Currently consisting of two courses first offered in the Fall of 2011, the program will eventually include 5 courses covering methods for fluid dynamics, particle transport via stochastic methods, and hybrid and PIC plasma simulations. The UAH's unique location allows courses to be shaped through discussions with faculty, NASA/MSFC researchers and local R&D business representatives, i.e., potential employers of the program's graduates. Students currently participating in the program have all begun their research careers in space and plasma physics; many are presenting their research at this meeting.

Cloud-free resolution element statistics program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liley, B.; Martin, C. D.

1971-01-01

Computer program computes number of cloud-free elements in field-of-view and percentage of total field-of-view occupied by clouds. Human error is eliminated by using visual estimation to compute cloud statistics from aerial photographs.