Modeling Subsurface Reactive Flows Using Leadership-Class Computing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mills, Richard T; Hammond, Glenn; Lichtner, Peter

2009-01-01

We describe our experiences running PFLOTRAN - a code for simulation of coupled hydro-thermal-chemical processes in variably saturated, non-isothermal, porous media - on leadership-class supercomputers, including initial experiences running on the petaflop incarnation of Jaguar, the Cray XT5 at the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. PFLOTRAN utilizes fully implicit time-stepping and is built on top of the Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation (PETSc). We discuss some of the hurdles to 'at scale' performance with PFLOTRAN and the progress we have made in overcoming them on leadership-class computer architectures.

Enhancing Instruction through Technology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenleaf, Connie; Gee, Mary Kay

Following an introductory section that provides a rationale for using computers in workplace literacy classes, this guide reviews six computer programs and provides activities that teachers can use with the programs in teaching workplace literacy classes. The six computer programs reviewed are as follows: "Grammar Games,""Spell It 3,""The Way…

Computer Applications in Class and Transportation Scheduling. Educational Management Review Series Number 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Piele, Philip K.

This document shows how computer technology can aid educators in meeting demands for improved class scheduling and more efficient use of transportation resources. The first section surveys literature on operational systems that provide individualized scheduling for students, varied class structures, and maximum use of space and staff skills.…

Inquiry-Based Whole-Class Teaching with Computer Simulations in Physics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rutten, Nico; van der Veen, Jan T.; van Joolingen, Wouter R.

2015-01-01

In this study we investigated the pedagogical context of whole-class teaching with computer simulations. We examined relations between the attitudes and learning goals of teachers and their students regarding the use of simulations in whole-class teaching, and how teachers implement these simulations in their teaching practices. We observed…

A Method of Neighbor Classes Based SVM Classification for Optical Printed Chinese Character Recognition

PubMed Central

Zhang, Jie; Wu, Xiaohong; Yu, Yanmei; Luo, Daisheng

2013-01-01

In optical printed Chinese character recognition (OPCCR), many classifiers have been proposed for the recognition. Among the classifiers, support vector machine (SVM) might be the best classifier. However, SVM is a classifier for two classes. When it is used for multi-classes in OPCCR, its computation is time-consuming. Thus, we propose a neighbor classes based SVM (NC-SVM) to reduce the computation consumption of SVM. Experiments of NC-SVM classification for OPCCR have been done. The results of the experiments have shown that the NC-SVM we proposed can effectively reduce the computation time in OPCCR. PMID:23536777

Computers and Classroom Culture.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schofield, Janet Ward

This book explores the meaning of computer technology in schools. The book is based on data gathered from a two-year observation of more than 30 different classrooms in an urban high school: geometry classes in which students used artificially intelligent tutors; business classes in which students learned word processing; and computer science…

Teaching Computational Geophysics Classes using Active Learning Techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keers, H.; Rondenay, S.; Harlap, Y.; Nordmo, I.

2016-12-01

We give an overview of our experience in teaching two computational geophysics classes at the undergraduate level. In particular we describe The first class is for most students the first programming class and assumes that the students have had an introductory course in geophysics. In this class the students are introduced to basic Matlab skills: use of variables, basic array and matrix definition and manipulation, basic statistics, 1D integration, plotting of lines and surfaces, making of .m files and basic debugging techniques. All of these concepts are applied to elementary but important concepts in earthquake and exploration geophysics (including epicentre location, computation of travel time curves for simple layered media plotting of 1D and 2D velocity models etc.). It is important to integrate the geophysics with the programming concepts: we found that this enhances students' understanding. Moreover, as this is a 3 year Bachelor program, and this class is taught in the 2nd semester, there is little time for a class that focusses on only programming. In the second class, which is optional and can be taken in the 4th or 6th semester, but often is also taken by Master students we extend the Matlab programming to include signal processing and ordinary and partial differential equations, again with emphasis on geophysics (such as ray tracing and solving the acoustic wave equation). This class also contains a project in which the students have to write a brief paper on a topic in computational geophysics, preferably with programming examples. When teaching these classes it was found that active learning techniques, in which the students actively participate in the class, either individually, in pairs or in groups, are indispensable. We give a brief overview of the various activities that we have developed when teaching theses classes.

Mobile Learning in a Large Blended Computer Science Classroom: System Function, Pedagogies, and Their Impact on Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shen, Ruimin; Wang, Minjuan; Gao, Wanping; Novak, D.; Tang, Lin

2009-01-01

The computer science classes in China's institutions of higher education often have large numbers of students. In addition, many institutions offer "blended" classes that include both on-campus and online students. These large blended classrooms have long suffered from a lack of interactivity. Many online classes simply provide recorded…

Effects of competitor spacing in a new class of individual-tree indices of competition: semidistance-independent indices computed for Bitterlich versus fixed-area plots

Treesearch

Albert R. Stage; Thomas Ledermann

2008-01-01

We illustrate effects of competitor spacing for a new class of individual-tree indices of competition that we call semi-distance-independent. This new class is similar to the class of distance-independent indices except that the index is computed independently at each subsampling plot surrounding a subject tree for which growth is to be modelled. We derive the effects...

Improve Outcomes Study subjects Chemistry Teaching and Learning Strategies through independent study with the help of computer-based media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sugiharti, Gulmah

2018-03-01

This study aims to see the improvement of student learning outcomes by independent learning using computer-based learning media in the course of STBM (Teaching and Learning Strategy) Chemistry. Population in this research all student of class of 2014 which take subject STBM Chemistry as many as 4 class. While the sample is taken by purposive as many as 2 classes, each 32 students, as control class and expriment class. The instrument used is the test of learning outcomes in the form of multiple choice with the number of questions as many as 20 questions that have been declared valid, and reliable. Data analysis techniques used one-sided t test and improved learning outcomes using a normalized gain test. Based on the learning result data, the average of normalized gain values for the experimental class is 0,530 and for the control class is 0,224. The result of the experimental student learning result is 53% and the control class is 22,4%. Hypothesis testing results obtained t count> ttable is 9.02> 1.6723 at the level of significance α = 0.05 and db = 58. This means that the acceptance of Ha is the use of computer-based learning media (CAI Computer) can improve student learning outcomes in the course Learning Teaching Strategy (STBM) Chemistry academic year 2017/2018.

Gaming via Computer Simulation Techniques for Junior College Economics Education. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Fred A.

A study designed to answer the need for more attractive and effective economics education involved the teaching of one junior college economics class by the conventional (lecture) method and an experimental class by computer simulation techniques. Econometric models approximating the "real world" were computer programed to enable the experimental…

An Intervention Study on Mental Computation for Second Graders in Taiwan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yang, Der-Ching; Huang, Ke-Lun

2014-01-01

The authors compared the mental computation performance and mental strategies used by an experimental Grade 2 class and a control Grade 2 class before and after instructional intervention. Results indicate that students in the experimental group had better performance on mental computation. The use of mental strategies (counting, separation,…

The Computer, the Discipline and the Classroom: Two Perspectives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thurber, Bart; Pope, Jack

The authors present two case studies in the use of computers in the classroom, one involving an introductory computer science class, the other an upper division literature class. After describing each case, the differences are discussed, showing that pedagogical models developed for one discipline may not transfer to another, and that the…

Cane Toad or Computer Mouse? Real and Computer-Simulated Laboratory Exercises in Physiology Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

West, Jan; Veenstra, Anneke

2012-01-01

Traditional practical classes in many countries are being rationalised to reduce costs. The challenge for university educators is to provide students with the opportunity to reinforce theoretical concepts by running something other than a traditional practical program. One alternative is to replace wet labs with comparable computer simulations.…

A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) versus Class Room Lecture (RL) for Computer Science at ICS Level

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kausar, Tayyaba; Choudhry, Bushra Naoreen; Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed

2008-01-01

This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of CAI vs. classroom lecture for computer science at ICS level. The objectives were to compare the learning effects of two groups with class room lecture and computer assisted instruction studying the same curriculum and the effects of CAI and CRL in terms of cognitive development. Hypothesis of…

A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) versus Class Room Lecture (CRL) for Computer Science at ICS Level

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kausar, Tayyaba; Choudhry, Bushra Naoreen; Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed

2008-01-01

This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of CAI vs. classroom lecture for computer science at ICS level. The objectives were to compare the learning effects of two groups with class room lecture and computer assisted instruction studying the same curriculum and the effects of CAI and CRL in terms of cognitive development. Hypothesis of…

Influence of pharyngeal airway respiration pressure on Class II mandibular retrusion in children: A computational fluid dynamics study of inspiration and expiration.

PubMed

Iwasaki, T; Sato, H; Suga, H; Takemoto, Y; Inada, E; Saitoh, I; Kakuno, K; Kanomi, R; Yamasaki, Y

2017-05-01

To examine the influence of negative pressure of the pharyngeal airway on mandibular retraction during inspiration in children with nasal obstruction using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Sixty-two children were divided into Classes I, II (mandibular retrusion) and III (mandibular protrusion) malocclusion groups. Cone-beam computed tomography data were used to reconstruct three-dimensional shapes of the nasal and pharyngeal airways. Airflow pressure was simulated using CFD to calculate nasal resistance and pharyngeal airway pressure during inspiration and expiration. Nasal resistance of the Class II group was significantly higher than that of the other two groups, and oropharyngeal airway inspiration pressure in the Class II (-247.64 Pa) group was larger than that in the Class I (-43.51 Pa) and Class III (-31.81 Pa) groups (P<.001). The oropharyngeal airway inspiration-expiration pressure difference in the Class II (-27.38 Pa) group was larger than that in the Class I (-5.17 Pa) and Class III (0.68 Pa) groups (P=.006). Large negative inspiratory pharyngeal airway pressure due to nasal obstruction in children with Class II malocclusion may be related to their retrognathia. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Apple IIe Computers and Appleworks Training Mini Course Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schlenker, Richard M.

The instructional materials included in this document are designed to introduce students to the Apple IIe computer and to the word processing and database portions of the AppleWorks program. The materials are intended for small groups of students, each of whom has use of a computer during class and for short periods between classes. The course…

Siren Songs and a Skeptic.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Brien, George M.

This paper reports on an on-going experiment in computer-aided language instruction. In 1972, a class of beginning German students at the Duluth campus of the University of Minnesota volunteered to test two pedagogic theories: (1) Could a computer-aided course be used by a class and an instructor who knew nothing of computers and who had to rely…

A new computational approach to simulate pattern formation in Paenibacillus dendritiformis bacterial colonies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tucker, Laura Jane

Under the harsh conditions of limited nutrient and hard growth surface, Paenibacillus dendritiformis in agar plates form two classes of patterns (morphotypes). The first class, called the dendritic morphotype, has radially directed branches. The second class, called the chiral morphotype, exhibits uniform handedness. The dendritic morphotype has been modeled successfully using a continuum model on a regular lattice; however, a suitable computational approach was not known to solve a continuum chiral model. This work details a new computational approach to solving the chiral continuum model of pattern formation in P. dendritiformis. The approach utilizes a random computational lattice and new methods for calculating certain derivative terms found in the model.

Microsoft C#.NET program and electromagnetic depth sounding for large loop source

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prabhakar Rao, K.; Ashok Babu, G.

2009-07-01

A program, in the C# (C Sharp) language with Microsoft.NET Framework, is developed to compute the normalized vertical magnetic field of a horizontal rectangular loop source placed on the surface of an n-layered earth. The field can be calculated either inside or outside the loop. Five C# classes with member functions in each class are, designed to compute the kernel, Hankel transform integral, coefficients for cubic spline interpolation between computed values and the normalized vertical magnetic field. The program computes the vertical magnetic field in the frequency domain using the integral expressions evaluated by a combination of straightforward numerical integration and the digital filter technique. The code utilizes different object-oriented programming (OOP) features. It finally computes the amplitude and phase of the normalized vertical magnetic field. The computed results are presented for geometric and parametric soundings. The code is developed in Microsoft.NET visual studio 2003 and uses various system class libraries.

Buying into the Computer Age: A Look at the Hispanic Middle Class.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilhelm, Anthony G.

The Tomas Rivera Policy Institute conducted focus groups in the summer of 1997 to gain insight into why there is a gap in computer ownership between Hispanic middle-class families and non-Hispanic families of the same middle class income bracket (between 25 and 50 thousand dollars). Results from 6 focus groups of 15 to 20 heads of household each…

Computer applications in remote sensing education

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Danielson, R. L.

1980-01-01

Computer applications to instruction in any field may be divided into two broad generic classes: computer-managed instruction and computer-assisted instruction. The division is based on how frequently the computer affects the instructional process and how active a role the computer affects the instructional process and how active a role the computer takes in actually providing instruction. There are no inherent characteristics of remote sensing education to preclude the use of one or both of these techniques, depending on the computer facilities available to the instructor. The characteristics of the two classes are summarized, potential applications to remote sensing education are discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of computer applications to the instructional process are considered.

The Exploration of Student-Centred Approaches for the Improvement of Learning Programming in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawi, Nazir

2010-01-01

The author has undergone a major shift in the way of teaching his undergraduate computer programming courses. In the classroom, the teacher's computer is connected to a splitter and a video projector that display the computer's screen to the entire class. Using this technology, the programming language itself is used live in class to help the…

In-Class Use of Laptop Computers to Enhance Engagement within an Undergraduate Biology Curriculum: Findings and Lessons Learned

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poling, Kirsten; Smit, Julie; Higgs, Dennis

2013-01-01

Laptop computers were provided for use in three biology classes with differing formats (a second year lecture course of 100 students, a third/fourth year lecture course of 50 students, and a second year course with greater than 250 students, in groups of 25 during the laboratory portion of the class) to assess their impact on student learning and…

Student Engagement in a Computer Rich Science Classroom

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hunter, Jeffrey C.

The purpose of this study was to examine the student lived experience when using computers in a rural science classroom. The overarching question the project sought to examine was: How do rural students relate to computers as a learning tool in comparison to a traditional science classroom? Participant data were collected using a pre-study survey, Experience Sampling during class and post-study interviews. Students want to use computers in their classrooms. Students shared that they overwhelmingly (75%) preferred a computer rich classroom to a traditional classroom (25%). Students reported a higher level of engagement in classes that use technology/computers (83%) versus those that do not use computers (17%). A computer rich classroom increased student control and motivation as reflected by a participant who shared; "by using computers I was more motivated to get the work done" (Maggie, April 25, 2014, survey). The researcher explored a rural school environment. Rural populations represent a large number of students and appear to be underrepresented in current research. The participants, tenth grade Biology students, were sampled in a traditional teacher led class without computers for one week followed by a week using computers daily. Data supported that there is a new gap that separates students, a device divide. This divide separates those who have access to devices that are robust enough to do high level class work from those who do not. Although cellular phones have reduced the number of students who cannot access the Internet, they may have created a false feeling that access to a computer is no longer necessary at home. As this study shows, although most students have Internet access, fewer have access to a device that enables them to complete rigorous class work at home. Participants received little or no training at school in proper, safe use of a computer and the Internet. It is clear that the majorities of students are self-taught or receive guidance from peers resulting in lower self-confidence or the development of misconceptions of their skill or ability.

Factors influencing exemplary science teachers' levels of computer use

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hakverdi, Meral

This study examines exemplary science teachers' use of technology in science instruction, factors influencing their level of computer use, their level of knowledge/skills in using specific computer applications for science instruction, their use of computer-related applications/tools during their instruction, and their students' use of computer applications/tools in or for their science class. After a relevant review of the literature certain variables were selected for analysis. These variables included personal self-efficacy in teaching with computers, outcome expectancy, pupil-control ideology, level of computer use, age, gender, teaching experience, personal computer use, professional computer use and science teachers' level of knowledge/skills in using specific computer applications for science instruction. The sample for this study includes middle and high school science teachers who received the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science Teaching Award (sponsored by the White House and the National Science Foundation) between the years 1997 and 2003 from all 50 states and U.S. territories. Award-winning science teachers were contacted about the survey via e-mail or letter with an enclosed return envelope. Of the 334 award-winning science teachers, usable responses were received from 92 science teachers, which made a response rate of 27.5%. Analysis of the survey responses indicated that exemplary science teachers have a variety of knowledge/skills in using computer related applications/tools. The most commonly used computer applications/tools are information retrieval via the Internet, presentation tools, online communication, digital cameras, and data collection probes. Results of the study revealed that students' use of technology in their science classroom is highly correlated with the frequency of their science teachers' use of computer applications/tools. The results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that personal self-efficacy related to the exemplary science teachers' level of computer use suggesting that computer use is dependent on perceived abilities at using computers. The teachers' use of computer-related applications/tools during class, and their personal self-efficacy, age, and gender are highly related with their level of knowledge/skills in using specific computer applications for science instruction. The teachers' level of knowledge/skills in using specific computer applications for science instruction and gender related to their use of computer-related applications/tools during class and the students' use of computer-related applications/tools in or for their science class. In conclusion, exemplary science teachers need assistance in learning and using computer-related applications/tool in their science class.

Computer Graphics Instruction in VizClass

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grimes, Douglas; Warschauer, Mark; Hutchinson, Tara; Kuester, Falko

2005-01-01

"VizClass" is a university classroom environment designed to offer students in computer graphics and engineering courses up-to-date visualization technologies. Three digital whiteboards and a three-dimensional stereoscopic display provide complementary display surfaces. Input devices include touchscreens on the digital whiteboards, remote…

On and Off Computer Writing of Eighth Grade Students Experienced in Word Processing. Technical Report 90-1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Owston, Ronald D.; And Others

A study assessed the impact of word processing on the writing of junior high school students, experienced in working with computers, for a number of tasks, including writing. Subjects, 111 eighth grade students in four communications arts classes at a Canadian middle-class suburban school, who had been using computers for writing for a year and a…

Computational techniques for flows with finite-rate condensation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Candler, Graham V.

1993-01-01

A computational method to simulate the inviscid two-dimensional flow of a two-phase fluid was developed. This computational technique treats the gas phase and each of a prescribed number of particle sizes as separate fluids which are allowed to interact with one another. Thus, each particle-size class is allowed to move through the fluid at its own velocity at each point in the flow field. Mass, momentum, and energy are exchanged between each particle class and the gas phase. It is assumed that the particles do not collide with one another, so that there is no inter-particle exchange of momentum and energy. However, the particles are allowed to grow, and therefore, they may change from one size class to another. Appropriate rates of mass, momentum, and energy exchange between the gas and particle phases and between the different particle classes were developed. A numerical method was developed for use with this equation set. Several test cases were computed and show qualitative agreement with previous calculations.

Generalized fish life-cycle poplulation model and computer program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

DeAngelis, D. L.; Van Winkle, W.; Christensen, S. W.

1978-03-01

A generalized fish life-cycle population model and computer program have been prepared to evaluate the long-term effect of changes in mortality in age class 0. The general question concerns what happens to a fishery when density-independent sources of mortality are introduced that act on age class 0, particularly entrainment and impingement at power plants. This paper discusses the model formulation and computer program, including sample results. The population model consists of a system of difference equations involving age-dependent fecundity and survival. The fecundity for each age class is assumed to be a function of both the fraction of females sexuallymore » mature and the weight of females as they enter each age class. Natural mortality for age classes 1 and older is assumed to be independent of population size. Fishing mortality is assumed to vary with the number and weight of fish available to the fishery. Age class 0 is divided into six life stages. The probability of survival for age class 0 is estimated considering both density-independent mortality (natural and power plant) and density-dependent mortality for each life stage. Two types of density-dependent mortality are included. These are cannibalism of each life stage by older age classes and intra-life-stage competition.« less

Is scaffold hopping a reliable indicator for the ability of computational methods to identify structurally diverse active compounds?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dimova, Dilyana; Bajorath, Jürgen

2017-07-01

Computational scaffold hopping aims to identify core structure replacements in active compounds. To evaluate scaffold hopping potential from a principal point of view, regardless of the computational methods that are applied, a global analysis of conventional scaffolds in analog series from compound activity classes was carried out. The majority of analog series was found to contain multiple scaffolds, thus enabling the detection of intra-series scaffold hops among closely related compounds. More than 1000 activity classes were found to contain increasing proportions of multi-scaffold analog series. Thus, using such activity classes for scaffold hopping analysis is likely to overestimate the scaffold hopping (core structure replacement) potential of computational methods, due to an abundance of artificial scaffold hops that are possible within analog series.

Naïve and Robust: Class-Conditional Independence in Human Classification Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jarecki, Jana B.; Meder, Björn; Nelson, Jonathan D.

2018-01-01

Humans excel in categorization. Yet from a computational standpoint, learning a novel probabilistic classification task involves severe computational challenges. The present paper investigates one way to address these challenges: assuming class-conditional independence of features. This feature independence assumption simplifies the inference…

Computer calculation of device, circuit, equipment, and system reliability.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crosby, D. R.

1972-01-01

A grouping into four classes is proposed for all reliability computations that are related to electronic equipment. Examples are presented of reliability computations in three of these four classes. Each of the three specific reliability tasks described was originally undertaken to satisfy an engineering need for reliability data. The form and interpretation of the print-out of the specific reliability computations is presented. The justification for the costs of these computations is indicated. The skills of the personnel used to conduct the analysis, the interfaces between the personnel, and the timing of the projects is discussed.

Daily online testing in large classes: boosting college performance while reducing achievement gaps.

PubMed

Pennebaker, James W; Gosling, Samuel D; Ferrell, Jason D

2013-01-01

An in-class computer-based system, that included daily online testing, was introduced to two large university classes. We examined subsequent improvements in academic performance and reductions in the achievement gaps between lower- and upper-middle class students in academic performance. Students (N = 901) brought laptop computers to classes and took daily quizzes that provided immediate and personalized feedback. Student performance was compared with the same data for traditional classes taught previously by the same instructors (N = 935). Exam performance was approximately half a letter grade above previous semesters, based on comparisons of identical questions asked from earlier years. Students in the experimental classes performed better in other classes, both in the semester they took the course and in subsequent semester classes. The new system resulted in a 50% reduction in the achievement gap as measured by grades among students of different social classes. These findings suggest that frequent consequential quizzing should be used routinely in large lecture courses to improve performance in class and in other concurrent and subsequent courses.

Where's the C in STEM?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heldman, Bill

2010-01-01

With few exceptions, students interact with technology in one way or another every day. And yet, in most U.S. schools, the term "computer science" (CS) refers only to generic skills classes, such as keyboarding and computer applications. Even most Web programming classes usually teach students only how to use conventional graphical user…

Cooperative Learning with a Computer in a Native Language Class.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bennett, Ruth

In a cooperative task, American Indian elementary students produced bilingual natural history dictionaries using a Macintosh computer. Students in grades 3 through 8 attended weekly, multi-graded bilingual classes in Hupa/English or Yurok/English, held at two public school field sites for training elementary teaching-credential candidates. Teams…

Using Laptop Computers in Class: A Student Motivation Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Houle, Philip A.; Reed, Diana; Vaughan, Amy Grace; Clayton, Suzanne R.

2013-01-01

This study examined the reasons why students choose to take laptop computers into college classes. The model involved the individual student choice involving opportunity, ability and motivation. The resulting model demonstrated how some (primary) factors, such as effective learning, directly impact the laptop usage choice, and other factors…

Theoretical and computational foundations of management class simulation

Treesearch

Denie Gerold

1978-01-01

Investigations on complicated, complex, and not well-ordered systems are possible only with the aid of mathematical methods and electronic data processing. Simulation as a method of operations research is particularly suitable for this purpose. Theoretical and computational foundations of management class simulation must be integrated into the planning systems of...

Analytical approximate solutions for a general class of nonlinear delay differential equations.

PubMed

Căruntu, Bogdan; Bota, Constantin

2014-01-01

We use the polynomial least squares method (PLSM), which allows us to compute analytical approximate polynomial solutions for a very general class of strongly nonlinear delay differential equations. The method is tested by computing approximate solutions for several applications including the pantograph equations and a nonlinear time-delay model from biology. The accuracy of the method is illustrated by a comparison with approximate solutions previously computed using other methods.

Operating a petabyte class archive at ESO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suchar, Dieter; Lockhart, John S.; Burrows, Andrew

2008-07-01

The challenges of setting up and operating a Petabyte Class Archive will be described in terms of computer systems within a complex Data Centre environment. The computer systems, including the ESO Primary and Secondary Archive and the associated computational environments such as relational databases will be explained. This encompasses the entire system project cycle, including the technical specifications, procurement process, equipment installation and all further operational phases. The ESO Data Centre construction and the complexity of managing the environment will be presented. Many factors had to be considered during the construction phase, such as power consumption, targeted cooling and the accumulated load on the building structure to enable the smooth running of a Petabyte class Archive.

Relational Programming.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

be illustrated by example. If ’z’ is the name of an individual and ’C’ is the name of a class (set), then ’ zEC ’ means that the individual denoted by ’z...will abbreviate this un z. Conversely, if C is a single element class, then un-1 C selects the unique member of that class: un-1C = Lz( zEC ). It is...Professor Peter Henderson1 Department of Computer Science SUNY at Stony Brook Long Island, NY 11794 Dr. Olle Olsson Department of Computer Science

"Small Talk Is Not Cheap": Phatic Computer-Mediated Communication in Intercultural Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maíz-Arévalo, Carmen

2017-01-01

The present study aims to analyse the phatic exchanges performed by a class of nine intercultural Master's students during a collaborative assignment which demanded online discussion using English as a lingua franca (ELF). Prior studies on the use of phatic communication in computer-mediated communication have concentrated on social networking…

Gender and Socioeconomic Differences in Enrollment in Computer Camps and Classes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hess, Robert D.; Miura, Irene T.

Informal reports suggest that computer literacy (programming) is sought more often by boys than by girls and by students from middle SES backgrounds. In order to gather more systematic data on this perceived trend, questionnaires were sent to directors of summer camps and classes that offered training in programming for microcomputers.…

Learning Styles, Online Content Usage and Exam Performance in a Mixed-Format Introductory Computer Information Systems Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lang, Guido; O'Connell, Stephen D.

2015-01-01

We investigate the relationship between learning styles, online content usage and exam performance in an undergraduate introductory Computer Information Systems class comprised of both online video tutorials and in-person classes. Our findings suggest that, across students, (1) traditional learning style classification methodologies do not predict…

Challenges in Integrating a Complex Systems Computer Simulation in Class: An Educational Design Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Loke, Swee-Kin; Al-Sallami, Hesham S.; Wright, Daniel F. B.; McDonald, Jenny; Jadhav, Sheetal; Duffull, Stephen B.

2012-01-01

Complex systems are typically difficult for students to understand and computer simulations offer a promising way forward. However, integrating such simulations into conventional classes presents numerous challenges. Framed within an educational design research, we studied the use of an in-house built simulation of the coagulation network in four…

A COMPUTER DOCKING STUDY OF THE BINDING OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR METABOLITES TO THE LIGARD-BINDING DOMAIN OF THE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR

EPA Science Inventory

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of ubiquitous, anthropogenic chemicals found in the environment. In the present study, computational methods are used to evaluate their potential estrogenicity and the contribution chemicals in this class make to environmental e...

Can We Apply TAM in Computer-Based Classes?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, David; Williams, Denise

2013-01-01

While students may struggle in any classroom and consequently require help beyond the schedule meeting time and place of the class, computer-based courses pose the additional hurdle of requiring ready access to hardware and software that may be unavailable or inconvenient for students outside of the classroom and its scheduled meeting time. This…

A Formal Construction of Term Classes. Technical Report No. TR73-18.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yu, Clement T.

The computational complexity of a formal process for the construction of term classes for information retrieval is examined. While the process is proven to be difficult computationally, heuristic methods are applied. Experimental results are obtained to illustrate the maximum possible improvement in system performance of retrieval using the formal…

Digital Masterpieces

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunter-Doniger, Tracey

2005-01-01

Tracey Hunter-Doniger is an elementary visual arts teacher who is fortunate enough to work in a school that realizes the value and influence art has on technology. Twice a year, her first-through fifth-grade classes meet in the computer lab to create computer-generated works of art. the class discusses the importance of art in technology, such as…

Cloud Computing Technologies in Writing Class: Factors Influencing Students' Learning Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Jenny

2017-01-01

The proposed interactive online group within the cloud computing technologies as a main contribution of this paper provides easy and simple access to the cloud-based Software as a Service (SaaS) system and delivers effective educational tools for students and teacher on after-class group writing assignment activities. Therefore, this study…

7 CFR 1000.76 - Payments by a handler operating a partially regulated distributing plant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., compute a Class I differential price by subtracting Class III price from the current month's Class I price... by which the Class I differential price exceeds the producer price differential, both prices to be... Class I differential price nor the adjusted producer price differential shall be less than zero; (3) For...

Embedding global barrier and collective in torus network with each node combining input from receivers according to class map for output to senders

DOEpatents

Chen, Dong; Coteus, Paul W; Eisley, Noel A; Gara, Alan; Heidelberger, Philip; Senger, Robert M; Salapura, Valentina; Steinmacher-Burow, Burkhard; Sugawara, Yutaka; Takken, Todd E

2013-08-27

Embodiments of the invention provide a method, system and computer program product for embedding a global barrier and global interrupt network in a parallel computer system organized as a torus network. The computer system includes a multitude of nodes. In one embodiment, the method comprises taking inputs from a set of receivers of the nodes, dividing the inputs from the receivers into a plurality of classes, combining the inputs of each of the classes to obtain a result, and sending said result to a set of senders of the nodes. Embodiments of the invention provide a method, system and computer program product for embedding a collective network in a parallel computer system organized as a torus network. In one embodiment, the method comprises adding to a torus network a central collective logic to route messages among at least a group of nodes in a tree structure.

Computer classes and games in virtual reality environment to reduce loneliness among students of an elderly reference center

PubMed Central

Antunes, Thaiany Pedrozo Campos; de Oliveira, Acary Souza Bulle; Crocetta, Tania Brusque; Antão, Jennifer Yohanna Ferreira de Lima; Barbosa, Renata Thais de Almeida; Guarnieri, Regiani; Massetti, Thais; Monteiro, Carlos Bandeira de Mello; de Abreu, Luiz Carlos

2017-01-01

Abstract Introduction: Physical and mental changes associated with aging commonly lead to a decrease in communication capacity, reducing social interactions and increasing loneliness. Computer classes for older adults make significant contributions to social and cognitive aspects of aging. Games in a virtual reality (VR) environment stimulate the practice of communicative and cognitive skills and might also bring benefits to older adults. Furthermore, it might help to initiate their contact to the modern technology. The purpose of this study protocol is to evaluate the effects of practicing VR games during computer classes on the level of loneliness of students of an elderly reference center. Methods and Analysis: This study will be a prospective longitudinal study with a randomised cross-over design, with subjects aged 50 years and older, of both genders, spontaneously enrolled in computer classes for beginners. Data collection will be done in 3 moments: moment 0 (T0) – at baseline; moment 1 (T1) – after 8 typical computer classes; and moment 2 (T2) – after 8 computer classes which include 15 minutes for practicing games in VR environment. A characterization questionnaire, the short version of the Short Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S) and 3 games with VR (Random, MoviLetrando, and Reaction Time) will be used. For the intervention phase 4 other games will be used: Coincident Timing, Motor Skill Analyser, Labyrinth, and Fitts. The statistical analysis will compare the evolution in loneliness perception, performance, and reaction time during the practice of the games between the 3 moments of data collection. Performance and reaction time during the practice of the games will also be correlated to the loneliness perception. Ethics and Dissemination: The protocol is approved by the host institution's ethics committee under the number 52305215.3.0000.0082. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journal articles and conferences. This clinical trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02798081. PMID:28272198

Computer classes and games in virtual reality environment to reduce loneliness among students of an elderly reference center: Study protocol for a randomised cross-over design.

PubMed

Antunes, Thaiany Pedrozo Campos; Oliveira, Acary Souza Bulle de; Crocetta, Tania Brusque; Antão, Jennifer Yohanna Ferreira de Lima; Barbosa, Renata Thais de Almeida; Guarnieri, Regiani; Massetti, Thais; Monteiro, Carlos Bandeira de Mello; Abreu, Luiz Carlos de

2017-03-01

Physical and mental changes associated with aging commonly lead to a decrease in communication capacity, reducing social interactions and increasing loneliness. Computer classes for older adults make significant contributions to social and cognitive aspects of aging. Games in a virtual reality (VR) environment stimulate the practice of communicative and cognitive skills and might also bring benefits to older adults. Furthermore, it might help to initiate their contact to the modern technology. The purpose of this study protocol is to evaluate the effects of practicing VR games during computer classes on the level of loneliness of students of an elderly reference center. This study will be a prospective longitudinal study with a randomised cross-over design, with subjects aged 50 years and older, of both genders, spontaneously enrolled in computer classes for beginners. Data collection will be done in 3 moments: moment 0 (T0) - at baseline; moment 1 (T1) - after 8 typical computer classes; and moment 2 (T2) - after 8 computer classes which include 15 minutes for practicing games in VR environment. A characterization questionnaire, the short version of the Short Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S) and 3 games with VR (Random, MoviLetrando, and Reaction Time) will be used. For the intervention phase 4 other games will be used: Coincident Timing, Motor Skill Analyser, Labyrinth, and Fitts. The statistical analysis will compare the evolution in loneliness perception, performance, and reaction time during the practice of the games between the 3 moments of data collection. Performance and reaction time during the practice of the games will also be correlated to the loneliness perception. The protocol is approved by the host institution's ethics committee under the number 52305215.3.0000.0082. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journal articles and conferences. This clinical trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02798081.

A uniform object-oriented solution to the eigenvalue problem for real symmetric and Hermitian matrices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Castro, María Eugenia; Díaz, Javier; Muñoz-Caro, Camelia; Niño, Alfonso

2011-09-01

We present a system of classes, SHMatrix, to deal in a unified way with the computation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors in real symmetric and Hermitian matrices. Thus, two descendant classes, one for the real symmetric and other for the Hermitian cases, override the abstract methods defined in a base class. The use of the inheritance relationship and polymorphism allows handling objects of any descendant class using a single reference of the base class. The system of classes is intended to be the core element of more sophisticated methods to deal with large eigenvalue problems, as those arising in the variational treatment of realistic quantum mechanical problems. The present system of classes allows computing a subset of all the possible eigenvalues and, optionally, the corresponding eigenvectors. Comparison with well established solutions for analogous eigenvalue problems, as those included in LAPACK, shows that the present solution is competitive against them. Program summaryProgram title: SHMatrix Catalogue identifier: AEHZ_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEHZ_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 2616 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 127 312 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Standard ANSI C++. Computer: PCs and workstations. Operating system: Linux, Windows. Classification: 4.8. Nature of problem: The treatment of problems involving eigensystems is a central topic in the quantum mechanical field. Here, the use of the variational approach leads to the computation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of real symmetric and Hermitian Hamiltonian matrices. Realistic models with several degrees of freedom leads to large (sometimes very large) matrices. Different techniques, such as divide and conquer, can be used to factorize the matrices in order to apply a parallel computing approach. However, it is still interesting to have a core procedure able to tackle the computation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors once the matrix has been factorized to pieces of enough small size. Several available software packages, such as LAPACK, tackled this problem under the traditional imperative programming paradigm. In order to ease the modelling of complex quantum mechanical models it could be interesting to apply an object-oriented approach to the treatment of the eigenproblem. This approach offers the advantage of a single, uniform treatment for the real symmetric and Hermitian cases. Solution method: To reach the above goals, we have developed a system of classes: SHMatrix. SHMatrix is composed by an abstract base class and two descendant classes, one for real symmetric matrices and the other for the Hermitian case. The object-oriented characteristics of inheritance and polymorphism allows handling both cases using a single reference of the base class. The basic computing strategy applied in SHMatrix allows computing subsets of eigenvalues and (optionally) eigenvectors. The tests performed show that SHMatrix is competitive, and more efficient for large matrices, than the equivalent routines of the LAPACK package. Running time: The examples included in the distribution take only a couple of seconds to run.

Impact of Classroom Computer Use on Computer Anxiety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lambert, Matthew E.; And Others

Increasing use of computer programs for undergraduate psychology education has raised concern over the impact of computer anxiety on educational performance. Additionally, some researchers have indicated that classroom computer use can exacerbate pre-existing computer anxiety. To evaluate the relationship between in-class computer use and computer…

Embedding global and collective in a torus network with message class map based tree path selection

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Dong; Coteus, Paul W.; Eisley, Noel A.

Embodiments of the invention provide a method, system and computer program product for embedding a global barrier and global interrupt network in a parallel computer system organized as a torus network. The computer system includes a multitude of nodes. In one embodiment, the method comprises taking inputs from a set of receivers of the nodes, dividing the inputs from the receivers into a plurality of classes, combining the inputs of each of the classes to obtain a result, and sending said result to a set of senders of the nodes. Embodiments of the invention provide a method, system and computermore » program product for embedding a collective network in a parallel computer system organized as a torus network. In one embodiment, the method comprises adding to a torus network a central collective logic to route messages among at least a group of nodes in a tree structure.« less

Enabling Wide-Scale Computer Science Education through Improved Automated Assessment Tools

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boe, Bryce A.

There is a proliferating demand for newly trained computer scientists as the number of computer science related jobs continues to increase. University programs will only be able to train enough new computer scientists to meet this demand when two things happen: when there are more primary and secondary school students interested in computer science, and when university departments have the resources to handle the resulting increase in enrollment. To meet these goals, significant effort is being made to both incorporate computational thinking into existing primary school education, and to support larger university computer science class sizes. We contribute to this effort through the creation and use of improved automated assessment tools. To enable wide-scale computer science education we do two things. First, we create a framework called Hairball to support the static analysis of Scratch programs targeted for fourth, fifth, and sixth grade students. Scratch is a popular building-block language utilized to pique interest in and teach the basics of computer science. We observe that Hairball allows for rapid curriculum alterations and thus contributes to wide-scale deployment of computer science curriculum. Second, we create a real-time feedback and assessment system utilized in university computer science classes to provide better feedback to students while reducing assessment time. Insights from our analysis of student submission data show that modifications to the system configuration support the way students learn and progress through course material, making it possible for instructors to tailor assignments to optimize learning in growing computer science classes.

Top 10 Uses for ClarisWorks in the One-Computer Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinette, Michelle

1996-01-01

Suggests ways to use ClarisWorks to motivate students when only one computer is accessible: (1) class database; (2) grade book; (3) classroom journal; (4) ongoing story center; (5) skill-and-draw review station; (6) monthly class magazine/newspaper; (7) research base/project planner; (8) lecture and presentation enhancement; (9) database of ideas…

Vygotsky and the Socialization of Literacy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doolittle, Peter E.

An activity has been used successfully for several years in a middle-school computer class to integrate writing instruction with computer science. Taking approximately five class periods, the activity consists of three phases: (1) the 6th-grade students use paper and pencil to write a story in any literary format; (2) 11th- and 12th-grade…

Computer Game Design Classes: The Students' and Professionals' Perspectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swacha, Jakub; Skrzyszewski, Adam; Syslo, Wojciech A.

2010-01-01

There are multiple reasons that justify teaching computer game design. Its multi-aspectual nature creates opportunity to develop, at the same time, creativity, technical skills and ability to work in team. Thinking of game design classes, one needs direction on what to focus on so that the students could benefit the most. In this paper, we present…

Room Use for Group Instruction in Regularly Scheduled Classes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phay, John E.; McCary, Arthur D.

A method by which accurate accounting by computer might be made of apace and room use by regularly scheduled classes in institutions of higher learning is furnished. Based on well-defined terms, a master room schedule and a master course schedule are prepared on computer cards. This information is then compared with the reported individual room…

MUJER: Mothers United for Jobs, Education, and Results. 1997-8 Project FORWARD Project-based Learning Project Summary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Anson M.

Students in the Culebra Road GED/JOBS (General Educational Development/Job Opportunities and Basic Skills) class, an adult education class for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) students, created their own website. First, students completed a computer literacy survey to gauge their computer skills. Next, students were encouraged to…

Impact of Giving Students a Choice of Homework Assignments in an Introductory Computer Science Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fulton, Steven; Schweitzer, Dino

2011-01-01

Student assignments have long been an integral part of many university level computer science courses to reinforce material covered in class with practical exercises. For years, researchers have studied ways to improve such student assignments by making them more interesting, applicable, and valuable to the student with a goal of improving…

Applying Web-Based Co-Regulated Learning to Develop Students' Learning and Involvement in a Blended Computing Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tsai, Chia-Wen

2015-01-01

This research investigated, via quasi-experiments, the effects of web-based co-regulated learning (CRL) on developing students' computing skills. Two classes of 68 undergraduates in a one-semester course titled "Applied Information Technology: Data Processing" were chosen for this research. The first class (CRL group, n = 38) received…

Achieving effective learning effects in the blended course: a combined approach of online self-regulated learning and collaborative learning with initiation.

PubMed

Tsai, Chia-Wen

2011-09-01

In many countries, undergraduates are required to take at least one introductory computer course to enhance their computer literacy and computing skills. However, the application software education in Taiwan can hardly be deemed as effective in developing students' practical computing skills. The author applied online self-regulated learning (SRL) and collaborative learning (CL) with initiation in a blended computing course and examined the effects of different combinations on enhancing students' computing skills. Four classes, comprising 221 students, participated in this study. The online SRL and CL with initiation (G1, n = 53), online CL with initiation (G2, n = 68), and online CL without initiation (G3, n = 68) were experimental groups, and the last class, receiving traditional lecture (G4, n = 32), was the control group. The results of this study show that students who received the intervention of online SRL and CL with initiation attained significantly best grades for practical computing skills, whereas those that received the traditional lectures had statistically poorest grades among the four classes. The implications for schools and educators who plan to provide online or blended learning for their students, particularly in computing courses, are also provided in this study.

Use of a personal computer for dynamical engineering illustrations in a classroom and over an instructional TV network

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Watson, V. R.

1983-01-01

A personal computer has been used to illustrate physical phenomena and problem solution techniques in engineering classes. According to student evaluations, instruction of concepts was greatly improved through the use of these illustrations. This paper describes the class of phenomena that can be effectively illustrated, the techniques used to create these illustrations, and the techniques used to display the illustrations in regular classrooms and over an instructional TV network. The features of a personal computer required to apply these techniques are listed. The capabilities of some present personal computers are discussed and a forecast of the capabilities of future personal computers is presented.

LFSPMC: Linear feature selection program using the probability of misclassification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Guseman, L. F., Jr.; Marion, B. P.

1975-01-01

The computational procedure and associated computer program for a linear feature selection technique are presented. The technique assumes that: a finite number, m, of classes exists; each class is described by an n-dimensional multivariate normal density function of its measurement vectors; the mean vector and covariance matrix for each density function are known (or can be estimated); and the a priori probability for each class is known. The technique produces a single linear combination of the original measurements which minimizes the one-dimensional probability of misclassification defined by the transformed densities.

The use of computer simulations in whole-class versus small-group settings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smetana, Lara Kathleen

This study explored the use of computer simulations in a whole-class as compared to small-group setting. Specific consideration was given to the nature and impact of classroom conversations and interactions when computer simulations were incorporated into a high school chemistry course. This investigation fills a need for qualitative research that focuses on the social dimensions of actual classrooms. Participants included a novice chemistry teacher experienced in the use of educational technologies and two honors chemistry classes. The study was conducted in a rural school in the south-Atlantic United States at the end of the fall 2007 semester. The study took place during one instructional unit on atomic structure. Data collection allowed for triangulation of evidence from a variety of sources approximately 24 hours of video- and audio-taped classroom observations, supplemented with the researcher's field notes and analytic journal; miscellaneous classroom artifacts such as class notes, worksheets, and assignments; open-ended pre- and post-assessments; student exit interviews; teacher entrance, exit and informal interviews. Four web-based simulations were used, three of which were from the ExploreLearning collection. Assessments were analyzed using descriptive statistics and classroom observations, artifacts and interviews were analyzed using Erickson's (1986) guidelines for analytic induction. Conversational analysis was guided by methods outlined by Erickson (1982). Findings indicated (a) the teacher effectively incorporated simulations in both settings (b) students in both groups significantly improved their understanding of the chemistry concepts (c) there was no statistically significant difference between groups' achievement (d) there was more frequent exploratory talk in the whole-class group (e) there were more frequent and meaningful teacher-student interactions in the whole-class group (f) additional learning experiences not measured on the assessment resulted from conversations and interactions in the whole-class setting (g) the potential benefits of exploratory talk in the whole-class setting were not fully realized. These findings suggest that both whole-class and small-group settings are appropriate for using computer simulations in science. The effective incorporation of simulations into whole-class instruction may provide a solution to the dilemma of technology penetration versus integration in today's classrooms.

Single Sex Classes for Gifted Students: A Case Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kravetz, Nathan

A summer math class for gifted girls (grades 5-9) was established and conducted by a female instructor for 3 weeks. The class involved take-home work, puzzles, problem solving, and computer work. Parents and students were satisfied with the enrichment class, but questions remained concerning such an approach's legality, the advisability of…

Give Your Technology Program a Little "Class"!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vengersammy, Ormilla

2009-01-01

The Orange County Library System (OCLS) began to offer basic technology classes in July 2000. The computers were funded through a grant awarded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Over time, the library staff noticed that the demand for the classes increased, so the offering of classes also increased. When the author arrived at OCLS, her…

20 CFR 404.1256 - Limitation on State's liability for contributions for multiple employment situations-for wages...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950... class or classes of employees to whose wages this method of computing contributions applies. For example... any class or classes of employees identified in an agreement or modification. In its notification, the...

On the role of cost-sensitive learning in multi-class brain-computer interfaces.

PubMed

Devlaminck, Dieter; Waegeman, Willem; Wyns, Bart; Otte, Georges; Santens, Patrick

2010-06-01

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) present an alternative way of communication for people with severe disabilities. One of the shortcomings in current BCI systems, recently put forward in the fourth BCI competition, is the asynchronous detection of motor imagery versus resting state. We investigated this extension to the three-class case, in which the resting state is considered virtually lying between two motor classes, resulting in a large penalty when one motor task is misclassified into the other motor class. We particularly focus on the behavior of different machine-learning techniques and on the role of multi-class cost-sensitive learning in such a context. To this end, four different kernel methods are empirically compared, namely pairwise multi-class support vector machines (SVMs), two cost-sensitive multi-class SVMs and kernel-based ordinal regression. The experimental results illustrate that ordinal regression performs better than the other three approaches when a cost-sensitive performance measure such as the mean-squared error is considered. By contrast, multi-class cost-sensitive learning enables us to control the number of large errors made between two motor tasks.

Endogenous Sensory Discrimination and Selection by a Fast Brain Switch for a High Transfer Rate Brain-Computer Interface.

PubMed

Xu, Ren; Jiang, Ning; Dosen, Strahinja; Lin, Chuang; Mrachacz-Kersting, Natalie; Dremstrup, Kim; Farina, Dario

2016-08-01

In this study, we present a novel multi-class brain-computer interface (BCI) for communication and control. In this system, the information processing is shared by the algorithm (computer) and the user (human). Specifically, an electro-tactile cycle was presented to the user, providing the choice (class) by delivering timely sensory input. The user discriminated these choices by his/her endogenous sensory ability and selected the desired choice with an intuitive motor task. This selection was detected by a fast brain switch based on real-time detection of movement-related cortical potentials from scalp EEG. We demonstrated the feasibility of such a system with a four-class BCI, yielding a true positive rate of  ∼ 80% and  ∼ 70%, and an information transfer rate of  ∼ 7 bits/min and  ∼ 5 bits/min, for the movement and imagination selection command, respectively. Furthermore, when the system was extended to eight classes, the throughput of the system was improved, demonstrating the capability of accommodating a large number of classes. Combining the endogenous sensory discrimination with the fast brain switch, the proposed system could be an effective, multi-class, gaze-independent BCI system for communication and control applications.

An Investigation of the Artifacts, Outcomes, and Processes of Constructing Computer Games about Environmental Science in a Fifth Grade Science Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baytak, Ahmet

2009-01-01

Among educational researchers and practitioners, there is a growing interest in employing computer games for pedagogical purposes. The present research integrated a technology education class and a science class where 5th graders learned about environmental issues by designing games that involved environmental concepts. The purposes of this study…

Using Research-Based Interactive Video Vignettes to Enhance Out-of-Class Learning in Introductory Physics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laws, Priscilla W.; Willis, Maxine C.; Jackson, David P.; Koenig, Kathleen; Teese, Robert

2015-01-01

Ever since the first generalized computer-assisted instruction system (PLATO) was introduced over 50 years ago, educators have been adding computer-based materials to their classes. Today many textbooks have complete online versions that include video lectures and other supplements. In the past 25 years the web has fueled an explosion of online…

Programmed Instruction for Teaching Java: Consideration of Learn Unit Frequency and Rule-Test Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Emurian, Henry H.

2007-01-01

At the beginning of a Java computer programming course, nine students in an undergraduate class and nine students in a graduate class completed a web-based programmed instruction tutoring system that taught a simple computer program. All students exited the tutor with an identical level of skill, at least as determined by the tutor's required…

Identifying Students at Risk: An Examination of Computer-Adaptive Measures and Latent Class Growth Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keller-Margulis, Milena; McQuillin, Samuel D.; Castañeda, Juan Javier; Ochs, Sarah; Jones, John H.

2018-01-01

Multitiered systems of support depend on screening technology to identify students at risk. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of a computer-adaptive test and latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to identify students at risk in reading with focus on the use of this methodology to characterize student performance in screening.…

Novices on the Net: An Introduction to Education Class Uses E-Mail and the Internet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Corl, Susan F.

In order to offer computer and/or technology instruction to their education students before they transfer to four-year colleges, Louisiana State University at Eunice (LSUE), a two-year college, added a computer component to an introductory education class. The component introduces pre-service teachers to electronic mail and the Internet in order…

A Day at the Shopping Mall: Educational Computing in Action. Techniques.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gray, Robert A.; Gray, Dianne E.

1988-01-01

This report relates the experiences of a teacher who conducted a graduate computer education class at a shopping center in Dallas, Texas. The activity asked each member of the class to spend up to 5,000 mythical dollars on a hardware system and appropriate software to facilitate his/her current job performance. Students could "shop" in three…

Examining the Difference in Student Achievement between Face-to-Face and Online Computer Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hearn, Phillips Turner

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the achievement of students taking a computer applications class in one of two instructional methods, traditional face-to-face and online, at a Southeastern community college. The research questions examined more than 3,000 samples from the summer of 2012 through the spring semester of 2016. There were…

Impact of Automated Software Testing Tools on Reflective Thinking and Student Performance in Introductory Computer Science Programming Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fridge, Evorell; Bagui, Sikha

2016-01-01

The goal of this research was to investigate the effects of automated testing software on levels of student reflection and student performance. This was a self-selecting, between subjects design that examined the performance of students in introductory computer programming classes. Participants were given the option of using the Web-CAT…

Computer-Mediated Input, Output and Feedback in the Development of L2 Word Recognition from Speech

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matthews, Joshua; Cheng, Junyu; O'Toole, John Mitchell

2015-01-01

This paper reports on the impact of computer-mediated input, output and feedback on the development of second language (L2) word recognition from speech (WRS). A quasi-experimental pre-test/treatment/post-test research design was used involving three intact tertiary level English as a Second Language (ESL) classes. Classes were either assigned to…

A Large-Scale Blended and Flipped Class: Class Design and Investigation of Factors Influencing Students' Intention to Learn

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhang, Yulei; Dang, Yan; Amer, Beverly

2016-01-01

This paper reports a study of a large-scale blended and flipped class and has two major parts. First, it presents the design of the class, i.e., a coordinated and multisection undergraduate introduction-to-computer-information-systems course. The detailed design of various teaching methods used in the class is presented, including a digital…

Freshman year computer engineering students' experiences for flipped physics lab class: An action research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akı, Fatma Nur; Gürel, Zeynep

2017-02-01

The purpose of this research is to determine the university students' learning experiences about flipped-physics laboratory class. The research has been completed during the fall semester of 2015 at Computer Engineering Department of Istanbul Commerce University. In this research, also known as a teacher qualitative research design, action research method is preferred to use. The participants are ten people, including seven freshman and three junior year students of Computer Engineering Department. The research data was collected at the end of the semester with the focus group interview which includes structured and open-ended questions. And data was evaluated with categorical content analysis. According to the results, students have some similar and different learning experiences to flipped education method for physics laboratory class.

GEANT4 distributed computing for compact clusters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harrawood, Brian P.; Agasthya, Greeshma A.; Lakshmanan, Manu N.; Raterman, Gretchen; Kapadia, Anuj J.

2014-11-01

A new technique for distribution of GEANT4 processes is introduced to simplify running a simulation in a parallel environment such as a tightly coupled computer cluster. Using a new C++ class derived from the GEANT4 toolkit, multiple runs forming a single simulation are managed across a local network of computers with a simple inter-node communication protocol. The class is integrated with the GEANT4 toolkit and is designed to scale from a single symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) machine to compact clusters ranging in size from tens to thousands of nodes. User designed 'work tickets' are distributed to clients using a client-server work flow model to specify the parameters for each individual run of the simulation. The new g4DistributedRunManager class was developed and well tested in the course of our Neutron Stimulated Emission Computed Tomography (NSECT) experiments. It will be useful for anyone running GEANT4 for large discrete data sets such as covering a range of angles in computed tomography, calculating dose delivery with multiple fractions or simply speeding the through-put of a single model.

Ethics in the classroom: a reflection on integrating ethical discussions in an introductory course in computer programming.

PubMed

Smolarski, D C; Whitehead, T

2000-04-01

In this paper, we describe our recent approaches to introducing students in a beginning computer science class to the study of ethical issues related to computer science and technology. This consists of three components: lectures on ethics and technology, in-class discussion of ethical scenarios, and a reflective paper on a topic related to ethics or the impact of technology on society. We give both student reactions to these aspects, and instructor perspective on the difficulties and benefits in exposing students to these ideas.

Evaluation of LANDSAT-2 (ERTS) images applied to geologic structures and mineral resources of South America. [Salar de Coposa, Chile and Salar of Uyuni, Bolivia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carter, W. D. (Principal Investigator); Kowalik, W. S.

1976-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. The Salar of Coposa is located in northern Chile along the frontier with Bolivia. The surface was divided into six general classes of materials. Analysis of LANDSAT image 1243-14001 by use of interactive multispectral computer (Image 100) enabled accurate repetition of these general classes based on reflectance. The Salar of Uyuni is the largest of the South American evaporite deposits. Using image 1243-13595, and parallel piped computer classification of reflectance units, the Salar was divided into nine classes ranging from deep to shallow water, water over salt, salt saturated with water, and several classes of dry salt.

Choice: 36 band feature selection software with applications to multispectral pattern recognition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, W. C.

1973-01-01

Feature selection software was developed at the Earth Resources Laboratory that is capable of inputting up to 36 channels and selecting channel subsets according to several criteria based on divergence. One of the criterion used is compatible with the table look-up classifier requirements. The software indicates which channel subset best separates (based on average divergence) each class from all other classes. The software employs an exhaustive search technique, and computer time is not prohibitive. A typical task to select the best 4 of 22 channels for 12 classes takes 9 minutes on a Univac 1108 computer.

A Comparison of Computer-Assisted Instruction and the Traditional Method of Teaching Basic Statistics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ragasa, Carmelita Y.

2008-01-01

The objective of the study is to determine if there is a significant difference in the effects of the treatment and control groups on achievement as well as on attitude as measured by the posttest. A class of 38 sophomore college students in the basic statistics taught with the use of computer-assisted instruction and another class of 15 students…

Indentifying Latent Classes and Testing Their Determinants in Early Adolescents' Use of Computers and Internet for Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heo, Gyun

2013-01-01

The purpose of the present study was to identify latent classes resting on early adolescents' change trajectory patterns in using computers and the Internet for learning and to test the effects of gender, self-control, self-esteem, and game use in South Korea. Latent growth mixture modeling (LGMM) was used to identify subpopulations in the Korea…

Fostering 21st Century Skill Development by Engaging Students in Authentic Game Design Projects in a High School Computer Programming Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, Michael K.; Ge, Xun; Greene, Barbara A.

2011-01-01

This study used technology-rich ethnography (TRE) to examine the use of game development in a high school computer programming class for the development of 21st century skills. High school students created games for elementary school students while obtaining formative feedback from their younger clients. Our experience suggests that in the…

Gender and Computer Education: An Observation of At Risk Girls in Class.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pikula, Karen

This paper presents results of a 23-day observation of 36 girls in all-girl math and computer classes at a public school's enrichment summer session for at-risk girls. Ages of the students observed ranged from 12 to 18. The students observed came to school with a long history of truancy, from homes where they suffered neglect and abuse. School was…

Reliable Early Classification on Multivariate Time Series with Numerical and Categorical Attributes

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-22

design a procedure of feature extraction in REACT named MEG (Mining Equivalence classes with shapelet Generators) based on the concept of...Equivalence Classes Mining [12, 15]. MEG can efficiently and effectively generate the discriminative features. In addition, several strategies are proposed...technique of parallel computing [4] to propose a process of pa- rallel MEG for substantially reducing the computational overhead of discovering shapelet

The Gender Factor in Computer Anxiety and Interest among Some Australian High School Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Okebukola, Peter Akinsola

1993-01-01

Western Australia eleventh graders (142 boys, 139 girls) were compared on such variables as computers at home, computer classes, experience with computers, and socioeconomic status. Girls had higher anxiety levels, boys higher computer interest. Possible causes included social beliefs about computer use, teacher sex bias, and software (games) more…

CPU SIM: A Computer Simulator for Use in an Introductory Computer Organization-Architecture Class.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skrein, Dale

1994-01-01

CPU SIM, an interactive low-level computer simulation package that runs on the Macintosh computer, is described. The program is designed for instructional use in the first or second year of undergraduate computer science, to teach various features of typical computer organization through hands-on exercises. (MSE)

Collectively loading programs in a multiple program multiple data environment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aho, Michael E.; Attinella, John E.; Gooding, Thomas M.

Techniques are disclosed for loading programs efficiently in a parallel computing system. In one embodiment, nodes of the parallel computing system receive a load description file which indicates, for each program of a multiple program multiple data (MPMD) job, nodes which are to load the program. The nodes determine, using collective operations, a total number of programs to load and a number of programs to load in parallel. The nodes further generate a class route for each program to be loaded in parallel, where the class route generated for a particular program includes only those nodes on which the programmore » needs to be loaded. For each class route, a node is selected using a collective operation to be a load leader which accesses a file system to load the program associated with a class route and broadcasts the program via the class route to other nodes which require the program.« less

Approximation-based common principal component for feature extraction in multi-class brain-computer interfaces.

PubMed

Hoang, Tuan; Tran, Dat; Huang, Xu

2013-01-01

Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) is a state-of-the-art method for feature extraction in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems. However it is designed for 2-class BCI classification problems. Current extensions of this method to multiple classes based on subspace union and covariance matrix similarity do not provide a high performance. This paper presents a new approach to solving multi-class BCI classification problems by forming a subspace resembled from original subspaces and the proposed method for this approach is called Approximation-based Common Principal Component (ACPC). We perform experiments on Dataset 2a used in BCI Competition IV to evaluate the proposed method. This dataset was designed for motor imagery classification with 4 classes. Preliminary experiments show that the proposed ACPC feature extraction method when combining with Support Vector Machines outperforms CSP-based feature extraction methods on the experimental dataset.

Effects of Psychology Courseware Use on Computer Anxiety in Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lambert, Matthew E.; Lenthall, Gerard

1989-01-01

Describes study that examined the relationship between computer anxiety and the use of psychology courseware in an undergraduate abnormal psychology class using four computerized case simulations. Comparisons of pretest and posttest computer anxiety measures are described, and the relationship between computer anxiety/attitudes and computer use is…

A Multi-Class, Interdisciplinary Project Using Elementary Statistics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reese, Margaret

2012-01-01

This article describes a multi-class project that employs statistical computing and writing in a statistics class. Three courses, General Ecology, Meteorology, and Introductory Statistics, cooperated on a project for the EPA's Student Design Competition. The continuing investigation has also spawned several undergraduate research projects in…

An Evaluation of Mandibular Dental and Basal Arch Dimensions in Class I and Class II Division 1 Adult Syrian Patients using Cone-beam Computed Tomography.

PubMed

Al-Hilal, Layal H; Sultan, Kinda; Hajeer, Mohammad Y; Mahmoud, Ghiath; Wanli, Abdulrahman A

2018-04-01

Aim: The aim of this study is (1) to inspect any difference in mandibular arch widths between males and females in class I and class II division 1 (class malocclusions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), (2) to compare the mandibular dental and basal widths between the two groups, and (3) to investigate any possible correlation between dental and basal arch widths in both groups. Materials and methods: The CBCT images of 68 patients aged between 18 and 25 years consisted of 34 class I (17 males and 17 females) and 34 class (17 males and 17 females) who were recruited at the Department of Orthodontics, University of Damascus Dental School (Syria). Using on-demand three-dimensional (3D) on axial views, facial axis points for dental measurements and basal bone center (BBC) points for basal measurements were identified on lower canines and first molars. Dental and basal intercanine width (ICW) and intermolar width (IMW) were measured. Results: Independent t-test showed a statistically significant difference between males and females in several variables in both groups and a statistically significant difference between class I and class groups in the basal ICW for both genders and in the dental ICW for females only (p < 0.05). In class I group, Pearson's correlation coefficients between dental and basal measurements showed a strong correlation in the IMW for both genders (r > 0.73; p < 0.01) and a moderate correlation in females' ICW (r = 0.67; p < 0.01). In the class group, a moderate correlation in females' IMW (r = 0.67; p < 0.01) was found. Conclusion: Females compared with males had narrower dimensions. Class I patients had larger ICW than class II-1 patients in all measurements and had narrower IMW than class in most measurements for both genders. There were moderate-to-strong correlations between dental and basal dimensions. BBC points might be landmarks that accurately represent the basal bone arch. Clinical significance: CBCT-based assessments of dental and basal arch dimensions provide a great opportunity to accurately evaluate these aspects, to enhance clinicians' decisions regarding proper tooth movements, and to achieve good dentoalveolar intra-arch harmony. Keywords: Basal arch, Class I, Class Cone-beam computed tomography, Dental arch, Intercanine width, Intermolar width.

Sharing the Wealth.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dow, Teri Goodall

1983-01-01

A high school computer laboratory is also available for use by community members enrolled in a computer class. Equipment security is obtained by staggering the hours of teacher aides. Faculty and staff can take computers home on weekends. (MLF)

Feature Selection Has a Large Impact on One-Class Classification Accuracy for MicroRNAs in Plants.

PubMed

Yousef, Malik; Saçar Demirci, Müşerref Duygu; Khalifa, Waleed; Allmer, Jens

2016-01-01

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA sequences involved in posttranscriptional gene regulation. Their experimental analysis is complicated and, therefore, needs to be supplemented with computational miRNA detection. Currently computational miRNA detection is mainly performed using machine learning and in particular two-class classification. For machine learning, the miRNAs need to be parametrized and more than 700 features have been described. Positive training examples for machine learning are readily available, but negative data is hard to come by. Therefore, it seems prerogative to use one-class classification instead of two-class classification. Previously, we were able to almost reach two-class classification accuracy using one-class classifiers. In this work, we employ feature selection procedures in conjunction with one-class classification and show that there is up to 36% difference in accuracy among these feature selection methods. The best feature set allowed the training of a one-class classifier which achieved an average accuracy of ~95.6% thereby outperforming previous two-class-based plant miRNA detection approaches by about 0.5%. We believe that this can be improved upon in the future by rigorous filtering of the positive training examples and by improving current feature clustering algorithms to better target pre-miRNA feature selection.

Designing Knowledge Building Communities in Secondary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lai, Kwok-Wing

2014-01-01

In 2012-2013, sixteen senior secondary classes participated in this study, with eight of them being distance classes. Approximately 220 Year 11-13 students and 8 teachers took part in this study. This project aimed at designing and evaluating a computer-supported knowledge building community in senior secondary classes. Researchers sought to…

The Effect of Computer Assisted and Computer Based Teaching Methods on Computer Course Success and Computer Using Attitudes of Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tosun, Nilgün; Suçsuz, Nursen; Yigit, Birol

2006-01-01

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of the computer-assisted and computer-based instructional methods on students achievement at computer classes and on their attitudes towards using computers. The study, which was completed in 6 weeks, were carried out with 94 sophomores studying in formal education program of Primary…

Computer Class Role Playing Games, an innovative teaching methodology based on STEM and ICT: first experimental results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maraffi, S.

2016-12-01

Context/PurposeWe experienced a new teaching and learning technology: a Computer Class Role Playing Game (RPG) to perform educational activity in classrooms through an interactive game. This approach is new, there are some experiences on educational games, but mainly individual and not class-based. Gaming all together in a class, with a single scope for the whole class, it enhances peer collaboration, cooperative problem solving and friendship. MethodsTo perform the research we experimented the games in several classes of different degrees, acquiring specific questionnaire by teachers and pupils. Results Experimental results were outstanding: RPG, our interactive activity, exceed by 50% the overall satisfaction compared to traditional lessons or Power Point supported teaching. InterpretationThe appreciation of RPG was in agreement with the class level outcome identified by the teacher after the experimentation. Our work experience get excellent feedbacks by teachers, in terms of efficacy of this new teaching methodology and of achieved results. Using new methodology more close to the student point of view improves the innovation and creative capacities of learners, and it support the new role of teacher as learners' "coach". ConclusionThis paper presents the first experimental results on the application of this new technology based on a Computer game which project on a wall in the class an adventure lived by the students. The plots of the actual adventures are designed for deeper learning of Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) and Social Sciences & Humanities (SSH). The participation of the pupils it's based on the interaction with the game by the use of their own tablets or smartphones. The game is based on a mixed reality learning environment, giving the students the feel "to be IN the adventure".

Evaluation of the large scale computing needs of the energy research program and how to meet them. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Miller, B.

The Energy Research program may be on the verge of abdicating an important role it has traditionally played in the development and use of state-of-the-art computer systems. The lack of easy access to Class VI systems coupled to the easy availability of local, user-friendly systems is conspiring to drive many investigators away from forefront research in computational science and in the use of state-of-the-art computers for more discipline-oriented problem solving. The survey conducted under the auspices of this contract clearly demonstrates a significant suppressed demand for actual Class VI hours totaling the full capacity of one such system. The currentmore » usage is about a factor of 15 below this level. There is also a need for about 50% more capacity in the current mini/midi availability. Meeting the needs of the ER community for this level of computing power and capacity is most probably best achieved through the establishment of a central Class VI capability at some site linked through a nationwide network to the various ER laboratories and universities and interfaced with the local user-friendly systems at those remote sites.« less

Evaluation of skeletal and dental asymmetries in Angle Class II subdivision malocclusions with cone-beam computed tomography.

PubMed

Minich, Craig M; Araújo, Eustáquio A; Behrents, Rolf G; Buschang, Peter H; Tanaka, Orlando M; Kim, Ki Beom

2013-07-01

The purpose of this study was to determine whether Angle Class II subdivision malocclusions have skeletal or dental asymmetries between the Class II and Class I sides. A sample of 54 untreated Angle Class II subdivision patients with pretreatment photos and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans was used. The photos were used to identify the Class II subdivision malocclusion and to record the amount of crowding per quadrant. Landmarks were plotted on each CBCT volume so that direct 3-dimensional measurements could be made to compare the positions and dimensions of the skeletal and dental structures on the Class II side vs the Class I side. Significant differences were found for 2 skeletal measurements: the position of the maxilla relative to the cranial base, and the mandibular dimension from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen. Statistically significant dental differences were found for the position of the mandibular first molars and canines in relation to the maxilla and the mandible. Statistically significant differences were found for the maxillary first molars and canines in relation to the mandible. There were significant skeletal and dental differences between the Class I and Class II sides. The dental asymmetries accounted for about two thirds of the total asymmetry. Copyright © 2013 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Asymptotics of a Class of Solutions to the Cylindrical Toda Equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tracy, Craig A.; Widom, Harold

The small t asymptotics of a class of solutions to the 2D cylindrical Toda equations is computed. The solutions, , have the representation where Kk$ are integral operators. This class includes the n-periodic cylindrical Toda equations. For n=2 our results reduce to the previously computed asymptotics of the 2D radial sinh-Gordon equation and for n=3 (and with an additional symmetry constraint) they reduce to earlier results for the radial Bullough-Dodd equation. Both of these special cases are examples of Painlevé III and have arisen in various applications. The asymptotics of are derived by computing the small t asymptotics where explicit formulas are given for the quantities ak and bk. The method consists of showing that the resolvent operator of Kk has an approximation in terms of resolvents of certain Wiener-Hopf operators, for which there are explicit integral formulas.

Inheritance on processes, exemplified on distributed termination detection

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thomsen, K.S.

1987-02-01

A multiple inheritance mechanism on processes is designed and presented within the framework of a small object oriented language. Processes are described in classes, and the different action parts of a process inherited from different classes are executed in a coroutine-like style called alternation. The inheritance mechanism is a useful tool for factorizing the description of common aspects of processes. This is demonstrated within the domain of distributed programming by using the inheritance mechanism to factorize the description of distributed termination detection algorithms from the description of the distributed main computations for which termination is to be detected. A clearmore » separation of concerns is obtained, and arbitrary combinations of terminations detection algorithms and main computations can be formed. The same termination detection classes can also be used for more general purposes within distributed programming, such as detecting termination of each phase in a multi-phase main computation.« less

Performance analysis of parallel branch and bound search with the hypercube architecture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mraz, Richard T.

1987-01-01

With the availability of commercial parallel computers, researchers are examining new classes of problems which might benefit from parallel computing. This paper presents results of an investigation of the class of search intensive problems. The specific problem discussed is the Least-Cost Branch and Bound search method of deadline job scheduling. The object-oriented design methodology was used to map the problem into a parallel solution. While the initial design was good for a prototype, the best performance resulted from fine-tuning the algorithm for a specific computer. The experiments analyze the computation time, the speed up over a VAX 11/785, and the load balance of the problem when using loosely coupled multiprocessor system based on the hypercube architecture.

Study of recreational land and open space using Skylab imagery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sattinger, I. J. (Principal Investigator)

1975-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. An analysis of the statistical uniqueness of each of the signatures of the Gratiot-Saginaw State Game Area was made by computing a matrix of probabilities of misclassification for all possible signature pairs. Within each data set, the 35 signatures were then aggregated into a smaller set of composite signatures by combining groups of signatures having high probabilities of misclassification. Computer separation of forest denisty classes was poor with multispectral scanner data collected on 5 August 1973. Signatures from the scanner data were further analyzed to determine the ranking of spectral channels for computer separation of the scene classes. Probabilities of misclassification were computed for composite signatures using four separate combinations of data source and channel selection.

Classification of Computer-Aided Design-Computer-Aided Manufacturing Applications for the Reconstruction of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Defects.

PubMed

Wauters, Lauri D J; Miguel-Moragas, Joan San; Mommaerts, Maurice Y

2015-11-01

To gain insight into the methodology of different computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) applications for the reconstruction of cranio-maxillo-facial (CMF) defects. We reviewed and analyzed the available literature pertaining to CAD-CAM for use in CMF reconstruction. We proposed a classification system of the techniques of implant and cutting, drilling, and/or guiding template design and manufacturing. The system consisted of 4 classes (I-IV). These classes combine techniques used for both the implant and template to most accurately describe the methodology used. Our classification system can be widely applied. It should facilitate communication and immediate understanding of the methodology of CAD-CAM applications for the reconstruction of CMF defects.

Crown-root morphology of lower incisors in patients with class III malocclusion.

PubMed

Wang, Bo; Shen, Guofang; Fang, Bing; Zhang, Li

2012-07-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the crown-root morphology of lower incisors in patients with class III malocclusion using cone-beam computed tomography. Cone-beam computed tomography images were analyzed from 53 adult class I patients (group 1), 37 preadolescent class III patients (group 2), and 66 adult class III patients (group 3) comprising 3 divisions (divisions 1, 2, and 3 corresponded to mild, moderate, and severe class III malocclusions). The size and crown-root angulations of lower incisors in different groups and divisions were statistically appraised with group 1 used as the control group. No significant differences were found for the size of lower incisors among different groups and divisions (P > 0.05). Compared with group 1, the crown-root angulations of lower incisors in groups 2 and 3 were significantly larger (P < 0.01), and among 3 divisions, the lower incisors of division 3 rather than divisions 2 and 3 exhibited larger crown-root angulations (P < 0.01). Attention should be paid to the enlarged crown-root angulations of lower incisors in class III patients during orthodontic and orthognathic treatment, especially in severe ones.

A Graphic Chi-Square Test For Two-Class Genetic Segregation Ratios

Treesearch

A.E. Squillace; D.J. Squillace

1970-01-01

A chart is presented for testing the goodness of fit of observed two-class genetic segregation ratios against hypothetical ratios, eliminating the need of computing chi-square. Although designed mainly for genetic studies, the chart can also be used for other types of studies involving two-class chi-square tests.

Attitudes of Prospective High School Mathematics Teachers towards Integrating Information Technologies into Their Future Teaching.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hazzan, Orit

This paper examines why the number of high school mathematics teachers who integrate computers into their math classes remains relatively low by analyzing the attitudes of prospective high school mathematics teachers. Data were gathered from written questionnaires and class discussions of four classes of prospective high school mathematics…

Whole-Class Scaffolding for Learning to Solve Mathematics Problems Together in a Computer-Supported Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abdu, Rotem; Schwarz, Baruch; Mavrikis, Manolis

2015-01-01

We investigate teachers' practices in a whole-class context when they scaffold students' learning in situations where students use technologies that facilitate group learning to solve mathematical problems in small groups. We describe teachers' practices in order to evaluate their contribution to "Whole-Class Scaffolding" in the context…

Enhancing Lecture Presentations in Introductory Biology with Computer-Based Multimedia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fifield, Steve; Peifer, Rick

1994-01-01

Uses illustrations and text to discuss convenient ways to organize and present computer-based multimedia to students in lecture classes. Includes the following topics: (1) Effects of illustrations on learning; (2) Using computer-based illustrations in lecture; (3) MacPresents-Multimedia Presentation Software; (4) Advantages of computer-based…

Computer-Based Learning in Chemistry Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pietzner, Verena

2014-01-01

Currently not many people would doubt that computers play an essential role in both public and private life in many countries. However, somewhat surprisingly, evidence of computer use is difficult to find in German state schools although other countries have managed to implement computer-based teaching and learning in their schools. This paper…

Is There a Microcomputer in Your Future? ComputerTown Thinks The Answer Is "Yes."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harvie, Barbara; Anton, Julie

1983-01-01

The services of ComputerTown, a nonprofit computer literacy project of the People's Computer Company in Menlo Park, California with 150 worldwide affiliates, are enumerated including getting started, funding sources, selecting hardware, software selection, support materials, administrative details, special offerings (classes, events), and common…

19 CFR 141.88 - Computed value.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Computed value. 141.88 Section 141.88 Customs... (CONTINUED) ENTRY OF MERCHANDISE Invoices § 141.88 Computed value. When the port director determines that information as to computed value is necessary in the appraisement of any class or kind of merchandise, he...

Korean coastal water depth/sediment and land cover mapping (1:25,000) by computer analysis of LANDSAT imagery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Park, K. Y.; Miller, L. D.

1978-01-01

Computer analysis was applied to single date LANDSAT MSS imagery of a sample coastal area near Seoul, Korea equivalent to a 1:50,000 topographic map. Supervised image processing yielded a test classification map from this sample image containing 12 classes: 5 water depth/sediment classes, 2 shoreline/tidal classes, and 5 coastal land cover classes at a scale of 1:25,000 and with a training set accuracy of 76%. Unsupervised image classification was applied to a subportion of the site analyzed and produced classification maps comparable in results in a spatial sense. The results of this test indicated that it is feasible to produce such quantitative maps for detailed study of dynamic coastal processes given a LANDSAT image data base at sufficiently frequent time intervals.

Computer Assisted Language Testing: On the Efficacy of Web-Based Approach in the Instruction of Elementary Learners of English

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soleimani, Maryam; Gahhari, Shima

2012-01-01

In this study the effectiveness and efficacy of e-learning was evaluated through a web based approach. Two classes of elementary learners of English were selected for this study, one class received a six month instruction through the typical twice a week classes and the other one was instructed through internet, in other words, the first class did…

Symmetrical compression distance for arrhythmia discrimination in cloud-based big-data services.

PubMed

Lillo-Castellano, J M; Mora-Jiménez, I; Santiago-Mozos, R; Chavarría-Asso, F; Cano-González, A; García-Alberola, A; Rojo-Álvarez, J L

2015-07-01

The current development of cloud computing is completely changing the paradigm of data knowledge extraction in huge databases. An example of this technology in the cardiac arrhythmia field is the SCOOP platform, a national-level scientific cloud-based big data service for implantable cardioverter defibrillators. In this scenario, we here propose a new methodology for automatic classification of intracardiac electrograms (EGMs) in a cloud computing system, designed for minimal signal preprocessing. A new compression-based similarity measure (CSM) is created for low computational burden, so-called weighted fast compression distance, which provides better performance when compared with other CSMs in the literature. Using simple machine learning techniques, a set of 6848 EGMs extracted from SCOOP platform were classified into seven cardiac arrhythmia classes and one noise class, reaching near to 90% accuracy when previous patient arrhythmia information was available and 63% otherwise, hence overcoming in all cases the classification provided by the majority class. Results show that this methodology can be used as a high-quality service of cloud computing, providing support to physicians for improving the knowledge on patient diagnosis.

Importance of Computer Competencies for Entering JCCC Students: A Survey of Faculty and Staff.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weglarz, Shirley

Johnson County Community College (JCCC) conducted a survey in response to faculty comments regarding entering students' lack of rudimentary computer skills. Faculty were spending time in non-computer related classes teaching students basic computer skills. The aim of the survey was to determine what the basic computer competencies for entering…

Closed-form solutions for a class of optimal quadratic regulator problems with terminal constraints

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Juang, J.-N.; Turner, J. D.; Chun, H. M.

1984-01-01

Closed-form solutions are derived for coupled Riccati-like matrix differential equations describing the solution of a class of optimal finite time quadratic regulator problems with terminal constraints. Analytical solutions are obtained for the feedback gains and the closed-loop response trajectory. A computational procedure is presented which introduces new variables for efficient computation of the terminal control law. Two examples are given to illustrate the validity and usefulness of the theory.

Computation in generalised probabilisitic theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Ciarán M.; Barrett, Jonathan

2015-08-01

From the general difficulty of simulating quantum systems using classical systems, and in particular the existence of an efficient quantum algorithm for factoring, it is likely that quantum computation is intrinsically more powerful than classical computation. At present, the best upper bound known for the power of quantum computation is that {{BQP}}\\subseteq {{AWPP}}, where {{AWPP}} is a classical complexity class (known to be included in {{PP}}, hence {{PSPACE}}). This work investigates limits on computational power that are imposed by simple physical, or information theoretic, principles. To this end, we define a circuit-based model of computation in a class of operationally-defined theories more general than quantum theory, and ask: what is the minimal set of physical assumptions under which the above inclusions still hold? We show that given only an assumption of tomographic locality (roughly, that multipartite states and transformations can be characterized by local measurements), efficient computations are contained in {{AWPP}}. This inclusion still holds even without assuming a basic notion of causality (where the notion is, roughly, that probabilities for outcomes cannot depend on future measurement choices). Following Aaronson, we extend the computational model by allowing post-selection on measurement outcomes. Aaronson showed that the corresponding quantum complexity class, {{PostBQP}}, is equal to {{PP}}. Given only the assumption of tomographic locality, the inclusion in {{PP}} still holds for post-selected computation in general theories. Hence in a world with post-selection, quantum theory is optimal for computation in the space of all operational theories. We then consider whether one can obtain relativized complexity results for general theories. It is not obvious how to define a sensible notion of a computational oracle in the general framework that reduces to the standard notion in the quantum case. Nevertheless, it is possible to define computation relative to a ‘classical oracle’. Then, we show there exists a classical oracle relative to which efficient computation in any theory satisfying the causality assumption does not include {{NP}}.

Wavelet Entropy and Directed Acyclic Graph Support Vector Machine for Detection of Patients with Unilateral Hearing Loss in MRI Scanning

PubMed Central

Wang, Shuihua; Yang, Ming; Du, Sidan; Yang, Jiquan; Liu, Bin; Gorriz, Juan M.; Ramírez, Javier; Yuan, Ti-Fei; Zhang, Yudong

2016-01-01

Highlights We develop computer-aided diagnosis system for unilateral hearing loss detection in structural magnetic resonance imaging.Wavelet entropy is introduced to extract image global features from brain images. Directed acyclic graph is employed to endow support vector machine an ability to handle multi-class problems.The developed computer-aided diagnosis system achieves an overall accuracy of 95.1% for this three-class problem of differentiating left-sided and right-sided hearing loss from healthy controls. Aim: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is correlated to many neurodegenerative disease. Now more and more computer vision based methods are using to detect it in an automatic way. Materials: We have in total 49 subjects, scanned by 3.0T MRI (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany). The subjects contain 14 patients with right-sided hearing loss (RHL), 15 patients with left-sided hearing loss (LHL), and 20 healthy controls (HC). Method: We treat this as a three-class classification problem: RHL, LHL, and HC. Wavelet entropy (WE) was selected from the magnetic resonance images of each subjects, and then submitted to a directed acyclic graph support vector machine (DAG-SVM). Results: The 10 repetition results of 10-fold cross validation shows 3-level decomposition will yield an overall accuracy of 95.10% for this three-class classification problem, higher than feedforward neural network, decision tree, and naive Bayesian classifier. Conclusions: This computer-aided diagnosis system is promising. We hope this study can attract more computer vision method for detecting hearing loss. PMID:27807415

Wavelet Entropy and Directed Acyclic Graph Support Vector Machine for Detection of Patients with Unilateral Hearing Loss in MRI Scanning.

PubMed

Wang, Shuihua; Yang, Ming; Du, Sidan; Yang, Jiquan; Liu, Bin; Gorriz, Juan M; Ramírez, Javier; Yuan, Ti-Fei; Zhang, Yudong

2016-01-01

Highlights We develop computer-aided diagnosis system for unilateral hearing loss detection in structural magnetic resonance imaging.Wavelet entropy is introduced to extract image global features from brain images. Directed acyclic graph is employed to endow support vector machine an ability to handle multi-class problems.The developed computer-aided diagnosis system achieves an overall accuracy of 95.1% for this three-class problem of differentiating left-sided and right-sided hearing loss from healthy controls. Aim: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is correlated to many neurodegenerative disease. Now more and more computer vision based methods are using to detect it in an automatic way. Materials: We have in total 49 subjects, scanned by 3.0T MRI (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany). The subjects contain 14 patients with right-sided hearing loss (RHL), 15 patients with left-sided hearing loss (LHL), and 20 healthy controls (HC). Method: We treat this as a three-class classification problem: RHL, LHL, and HC. Wavelet entropy (WE) was selected from the magnetic resonance images of each subjects, and then submitted to a directed acyclic graph support vector machine (DAG-SVM). Results: The 10 repetition results of 10-fold cross validation shows 3-level decomposition will yield an overall accuracy of 95.10% for this three-class classification problem, higher than feedforward neural network, decision tree, and naive Bayesian classifier. Conclusions: This computer-aided diagnosis system is promising. We hope this study can attract more computer vision method for detecting hearing loss.

Actualizing the Environment: A Study of First-Year Composition Student MOO Activity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

English, Joel A.

This paper describes the use of technology in a first year college writing class. The class utilizes a multi-user object-oriented domain (MOO) which allows participants to talk, perform actions, thoughts, and emotions, manipulate objects and furniture, and altogether control the online environment. The class holds discussions on the computer in…

Gradient structure and transport coefficients for strong particles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gabrielli, Davide; Krapivsky, P. L.

2018-04-01

We introduce and study a simple and natural class of solvable stochastic lattice gases. This is the class of strong particles. The name is due to the fact that when they try to jump to an occupied site they succeed in pushing away a pile of particles. For this class of models we explicitly compute the transport coefficients. We also discuss some generalizations and the relations with other classes of solvable models.

Computer Access and Flowcharting as Variables in Learning Computer Programming.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ross, Steven M.; McCormick, Deborah

Manipulation of flowcharting was crossed with in-class computer access to examine flowcharting effects in the traditional lecture/laboratory setting and in a classroom setting where online time was replaced with manual simulation. Seventy-two high school students (24 male and 48 female) enrolled in a computer literacy course served as subjects.…

Gender Differences in Attitudes toward Computers and Performance in the Accounting Information Systems Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lenard, Mary Jane; Wessels, Susan; Khanlarian, Cindi

2010-01-01

Using a model developed by Young (2000), this paper explores the relationship between performance in the Accounting Information Systems course, self-assessed computer skills, and attitudes toward computers. Results show that after taking the AIS course, students experience a change in perception about their use of computers. Females'…

Highway Fuel Consumption Computer Model (Version 1)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-04-01

A highway fuel consumption computer model is given. The model allows the computation of fuel consumption of a highway vehicle class as a function of time. The model is of the initial value (in this case initial inventory) and lumped parameter type. P...

One-to-One Computing in Public Schools: Lessons from "Laptops for All" Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abell Foundation, 2008

2008-01-01

The basic tenet of one-to-one computing is that the student and teacher have Internet-connected, wireless computing devices in the classroom and optimally at home as well. Also known as "ubiquitous computing," this strategy assumes that every teacher and student has her own computing device and obviates the need for moving classes to…

Domesticating the Personal Computer: The Mainstreaming of a New Technology and the Cultural Management of a Widespread Technophobia, 1964-.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reed, Lori

2000-01-01

Uses discourses on "computer-phobia" and "computer addiction" to describe the cultural work involved and marketing strategies used between 1960s-1990s regarding management of computer fear. Draws on popular discourses, advertisements, and advice literature to explore how the personal computer was successfully connected to middle-class family…

Fast Solution in Sparse LDA for Binary Classification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moghaddam, Baback

2010-01-01

An algorithm that performs sparse linear discriminant analysis (Sparse-LDA) finds near-optimal solutions in far less time than the prior art when specialized to binary classification (of 2 classes). Sparse-LDA is a type of feature- or variable- selection problem with numerous applications in statistics, machine learning, computer vision, computational finance, operations research, and bio-informatics. Because of its combinatorial nature, feature- or variable-selection problems are NP-hard or computationally intractable in cases involving more than 30 variables or features. Therefore, one typically seeks approximate solutions by means of greedy search algorithms. The prior Sparse-LDA algorithm was a greedy algorithm that considered the best variable or feature to add/ delete to/ from its subsets in order to maximally discriminate between multiple classes of data. The present algorithm is designed for the special but prevalent case of 2-class or binary classification (e.g. 1 vs. 0, functioning vs. malfunctioning, or change versus no change). The present algorithm provides near-optimal solutions on large real-world datasets having hundreds or even thousands of variables or features (e.g. selecting the fewest wavelength bands in a hyperspectral sensor to do terrain classification) and does so in typical computation times of minutes as compared to days or weeks as taken by the prior art. Sparse LDA requires solving generalized eigenvalue problems for a large number of variable subsets (represented by the submatrices of the input within-class and between-class covariance matrices). In the general (fullrank) case, the amount of computation scales at least cubically with the number of variables and thus the size of the problems that can be solved is limited accordingly. However, in binary classification, the principal eigenvalues can be found using a special analytic formula, without resorting to costly iterative techniques. The present algorithm exploits this analytic form along with the inherent sequential nature of greedy search itself. Together this enables the use of highly-efficient partitioned-matrix-inverse techniques that result in large speedups of computation in both the forward-selection and backward-elimination stages of greedy algorithms in general.

Big Data: Next-Generation Machines for Big Science

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hack, James J.; Papka, Michael E.

Addressing the scientific grand challenges identified by the US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Office of Science’s programs alone demands a total leadership-class computing capability of 150 to 400 Pflops by the end of this decade. The successors to three of the DOE’s most powerful leadership-class machines are set to arrive in 2017 and 2018—the products of the Collaboration Oak Ridge Argonne Livermore (CORAL) initiative, a national laboratory–industry design/build approach to engineering nextgeneration petascale computers for grand challenge science. These mission-critical machines will enable discoveries in key scientific fields such as energy, biotechnology, nanotechnology, materials science, and high-performance computing, and servemore » as a milestone on the path to deploying exascale computing capabilities.« less

47 CFR 36.311 - Network Support/General Support Expenses-Accounts 6110 and 6120 (Class B Telephone Companies...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... (Class A Telephone Companies). 36.311 Section 36.311 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION..., office equipment, and general purpose computers. (b) The expenses in these account are apportioned among...

47 CFR 36.311 - Network Support/General Support Expenses-Accounts 6110 and 6120 (Class B Telephone Companies...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... (Class A Telephone Companies). 36.311 Section 36.311 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION..., office equipment, and general purpose computers. (b) The expenses in these account are apportioned among...

47 CFR 36.311 - Network Support/General Support Expenses-Accounts 6110 and 6120 (Class B Telephone Companies...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... (Class A Telephone Companies). 36.311 Section 36.311 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION..., office equipment, and general purpose computers. (b) The expenses in these account are apportioned among...

The Computer as Adaptive Instructional Decision Maker.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kopstein, Felix F.; Seidel, Robert J.

The computer's potential for education, and most particularly for instruction, is contingent on the development of a class of instructional decision models (formal instructional strategies) that interact with the student through appropriate peripheral equipment (man-machine interfaces). Computer hardware and software by themselves should not be…

Data Processing: Fifteen Suggestions for Computer Training in Your Business Education Classes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barr, Lowell L.

1980-01-01

Presents 15 suggestions for training business education students in the use of computers. Suggestions involve computer language, method of presentation, laboratory time, programing assignments, instructions and handouts, problem solving, deadlines, reviews, programming concepts, programming logic, documentation, and defensive programming. (CT)

Computer Series, 98. Electronics for Scientists: A Computer-Intensive Approach.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scheeline, Alexander; Mork, Brian J.

1988-01-01

Reports the design for a principles-before-details presentation of electronics for an instrumental analysis class. Uses computers for data collection and simulations. Requires one semester with two 2.5-hour periods and two lectures per week. Includes lab and lecture syllabi. (MVL)

Beyond CMOS computing with spin and polarization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Young, Ian A.

2018-04-01

Spintronic and multiferroic systems are leading candidates for achieving attojoule-class logic gates for computing, thereby enabling the continuation of Moore's law for transistor scaling. However, shifting the materials focus of computing towards oxides and topological materials requires a holistic approach addressing energy, stochasticity and complexity.

Astronomy Education using the Web and a Computer Algebra System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Flurchick, K. M.; Culver, Roger B.; Griego, Ben

2013-04-01

The combination of a web server and a Computer Algebra System to provide students the ability to explore and investigate astronomical concepts presented in a class can help student understanding. This combination of technologies provides a framework to extend the classroom experience with independent student exploration. In this presentation we report on the developmen of this web based material and some initial results of students making use of the computational tools using webMathematica^TM. The material developed allow the student toanalyze and investigate a variety of astronomical phenomena, including topics such as the Runge-Lenz vector, descriptions of the orbits of some of the exo-planets, Bode' law and other topics related to celestial mechanics. The server based Computer Algebra System system allows for computations without installing software on the student's computer but provides a powerful environment to explore the various concepts. The current system is installed at North Carolina A&T State University and has been used in several undergraduate classes.

Computational and Statistical Analyses of Amino Acid Usage and Physico-Chemical Properties of the Twelve Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein Classes

PubMed Central

Jaspard, Emmanuel; Macherel, David; Hunault, Gilles

2012-01-01

Late Embryogenesis Abundant Proteins (LEAPs) are ubiquitous proteins expected to play major roles in desiccation tolerance. Little is known about their structure - function relationships because of the scarcity of 3-D structures for LEAPs. The previous building of LEAPdb, a database dedicated to LEAPs from plants and other organisms, led to the classification of 710 LEAPs into 12 non-overlapping classes with distinct properties. Using this resource, numerous physico-chemical properties of LEAPs and amino acid usage by LEAPs have been computed and statistically analyzed, revealing distinctive features for each class. This unprecedented analysis allowed a rigorous characterization of the 12 LEAP classes, which differed also in multiple structural and physico-chemical features. Although most LEAPs can be predicted as intrinsically disordered proteins, the analysis indicates that LEAP class 7 (PF03168) and probably LEAP class 11 (PF04927) are natively folded proteins. This study thus provides a detailed description of the structural properties of this protein family opening the path toward further LEAP structure - function analysis. Finally, since each LEAP class can be clearly characterized by a unique set of physico-chemical properties, this will allow development of software to predict proteins as LEAPs. PMID:22615859

Use of a Technology-Enhanced Version of the Good Behavior Game in an Elementary School Setting

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lynne, Shauna; Radley, Keith C.; Dart, Evan H.; Tingstrom, Daniel H.; Barry, Christopher T.; Lum, John D. K.

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a variation of the Good Behavior Game (GBG) in which teachers used ClassDojo to manage each team's progress. ClassDojo is a computer-based program that enables teachers to award students with points for demonstrating target behaviors. Dependent variables included class-wide…

Cognitive and Affective Variables and Their Relationships to Performance in a Lotus 1-2-3 Class.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guster, Dennis; Batt, Richard

1989-01-01

Describes study of two-year college students that was conducted to determine whether variables that were predictors of success in a programing class were also predictors of success in a package-oriented computer class using Lotus 1-2-3. Diagraming skill, critical thinking ability, spatial discrimination, and test anxiety level were examined. (11…

What Predicts Student Success in Introductory Data Management Classes? An Investigation of Demographic, Personality, Computer-Related, and Interaction Variables

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Kenneth J.; Harris, Ranida B.; Lambert, Alysa D.

2011-01-01

Introduction to data management classes are often times students' first exposure to advanced material in these areas. Many factors are likely to influence success in these classes, but empirical investigations have focused on relatively few variables. In this study, we extend this research by examining the relative contributions of the previously…

Sensitivity to spatial and temporal scale and fire regime inputs in deriving fire regime condition class

Treesearch

Linda Tedrow; Wendel J. Hann

2015-01-01

The Fire Regime Condition Class (FRCC) is a composite departure measure that compares current vegetation structure and fire regime to historical reference conditions. FRCC is computed as the average of: 1) Vegetation departure (VDEP) and 2) Regime (frequency and severity) departure (RDEP). In addition to the FRCC rating, the Vegetation Condition Class (VCC) and Regime...

A Blended Learning Approach for Teaching Computer Programming: Design for Large Classes in Sub-Saharan Africa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bati, Tesfaye Bayu; Gelderblom, Helene; van Biljon, Judy

2014-01-01

The challenge of teaching programming in higher education is complicated by problems associated with large class teaching, a prevalent situation in many developing countries. This paper reports on an investigation into the use of a blended learning approach to teaching and learning of programming in a class of more than 200 students. A course and…

Re-Examining the Effects and Affects of Electronic Peer Reviews in a First-Year Composition Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Xu, Yi

2007-01-01

While many researchers have studied the application of computer-mediated communication (CMC) in peer review activities in L2 composition classes, few have directly compared the effect of asynchronous CMC (ACMC) versus written comments. This paper describes a small-scale project carried out in an ESL composition class to reexamine the effects and…

Universal Blind Quantum Computation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fitzsimons, Joseph; Kashefi, Elham

2012-02-01

Blind Quantum Computing (BQC) allows a client to have a server carry out a quantum computation for them such that the client's inputs, outputs and computation remain private. Recently we proposed a universal unconditionally secure BQC scheme, based on the conceptual framework of the measurement-based quantum computing model, where the client only needs to be able to prepare single qubits in separable states randomly chosen from a finite set and send them to the server, who has the balance of the required quantum computational resources. Here we present a refinement of the scheme which vastly expands the class of quantum circuits which can be directly implemented as a blind computation, by introducing a new class of resource states which we term dotted-complete graph states and expanding the set of single qubit states the client is required to prepare. These two modifications significantly simplify the overall protocol and remove the previously present restriction that only nearest-neighbor circuits could be implemented as blind computations directly. As an added benefit, the refined protocol admits a substantially more intuitive and simplified verification mechanism, allowing the correctness of a blind computation to be verified with arbitrarily small probability of error.

Understanding the Critics of Educational Technology: Gender Inequities and Computers 1983-1993.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mangione, Melissa

Although many view computers purely as technological tools to be utilized in the classroom and workplace, attention has been drawn to the social differences computers perpetuate, including those of race, class, and gender. This paper focuses on gender and computing by examining recent analyses in regards to content, form, and usage concerns. The…

Closing the Gender Gap: Girls and Computers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fuchs, Lucy

While 15 years ago only a few schools had microcomputers, today a majority of public schools have some computers, although an adequate number of computers for students to use is still in the future. Unfortunately, statistics show that, in many states, a higher percentage of male students are enrolled in computer classes than female; boys seem to…

Teaching Computing in a Multidisciplinary Way in Social Studies Classes in School--A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

von Wangenheim, Christiane Gresse; Alves, Nathalia Cruz; Rodrigues, Pedro Eurico; Hauck, Jean Carlo

2017-01-01

In order to be well-educated citizens in the 21st century, children need to learn computing in school. However, implementing computing education in schools faces several practical problems, such as lack of computing teachers and time in an already overloaded curriculum. A solution can be a multidisciplinary approach, integrating computing…

A Crafts-Oriented Approach to Computing in High School: Introducing Computational Concepts, Practices, and Perspectives with Electronic Textiles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kafai, Yasmin B.; Lee, Eunkyoung; Searle, Kristin; Fields, Deborah; Kaplan, Eliot; Lui, Debora

2014-01-01

In this article, we examine the use of electronic textiles (e-textiles) for introducing key computational concepts and practices while broadening perceptions about computing. The starting point of our work was the design and implementation of a curriculum module using the LilyPad Arduino in a pre-AP high school computer science class. To…

Learning to Love Your Computer: A Fourth Grade Study in the Use of Computers and Their Economic Impact on the World Today.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKeever, Barbara

An award-winning fourth-grade unit combines computer and economics education by examining the impact of computer usage on various segments of the economy. Students spent one semester becoming familiar with a classroom computer and gaining a general understanding of basic economic concepts through class discussion, field trips, and bulletin boards.…

Fundamental differences between optimization code test problems in engineering applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eason, E. D.

1984-01-01

The purpose here is to suggest that there is at least one fundamental difference between the problems used for testing optimization codes and the problems that engineers often need to solve; in particular, the level of precision that can be practically achieved in the numerical evaluation of the objective function, derivatives, and constraints. This difference affects the performance of optimization codes, as illustrated by two examples. Two classes of optimization problem were defined. Class One functions and constraints can be evaluated to a high precision that depends primarily on the word length of the computer. Class Two functions and/or constraints can only be evaluated to a moderate or a low level of precision for economic or modeling reasons, regardless of the computer word length. Optimization codes have not been adequately tested on Class Two problems. There are very few Class Two test problems in the literature, while there are literally hundreds of Class One test problems. The relative performance of two codes may be markedly different for Class One and Class Two problems. Less sophisticated direct search type codes may be less likely to be confused or to waste many function evaluations on Class Two problems. The analysis accuracy and minimization performance are related in a complex way that probably varies from code to code. On a problem where the analysis precision was varied over a range, the simple Hooke and Jeeves code was more efficient at low precision while the Powell code was more efficient at high precision.

What hinders teachers in using computer and video games in the classroom? Exploring factors inhibiting the uptake of computer and video games.

PubMed

Baek, Young Kyun

2008-12-01

The purpose of this study is to identify factors inhibiting teachers' use of computer and video games in the classroom setting and to examine the degree to which teaching experience and gender affect attitudes toward using games. Six factors that hinder teachers' use of games in the classroom were discovered: Inflexibility of curriculum, Negative effects of gaming, Students' lack of readiness, Lack of supporting materials, Fixed class schedules, and Limited budgets. Lack of supporting material, Fixed class schedules, and Limited budgets were factors that female teachers believed to be more serious obstacles to game use in the classroom than male teachers did. Experienced teachers, more so than inexperienced teachers, believed that adopting games in teaching was hindered by Inflexibility of curriculum and Negative effects of gaming. On the other hand, inexperienced teachers, more so than experienced teachers, believed that adopting games in teaching is less hindered by Lack of supporting materials and Fixed class schedules.

Proposal for a study of computer mapping of terrain using multispectral data from ERTS-A for the Yellowstone National Park test site

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smedes, H. W. (Principal Investigator); Root, R. R.; Roller, N. E. G.; Despain, D.

1978-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. A terrain map of Yellowstone National Park showed plant community types and other classes of ground cover in what is basically a wild land. The map comprised 12 classes, six of which were mapped with accuracies of 70 to 95%. The remaining six classes had spectral reflectances that overlapped appreciably, and hence, those were mapped less accurately. Techniques were devised for quantitatively comparing the recognition map of the park with control data acquired from ground inspection and from analysis of sidelooking radar images, a thermal IR mosaic, and IR aerial photos of several scales. Quantitative analyses were made in ten 40 sq km test areas. Comparison mechanics were performed by computer with the final results displayed on line printer output. Forested areas were mapped by computer using ERTS data for less than 1/4 the cost of the conventional forest mapping technique for topographic base maps.

Students' learning of clinical sonography: use of computer-assisted instruction and practical class.

PubMed

Wood, A K; Dadd, M J; Lublin, J R

1996-08-01

The application of information technology to teaching radiology will profoundly change the way learning is mediated to students. In this project, the integration of veterinary medical students' knowledge of sonography was promoted by a computer-assisted instruction program and a subsequent practical class. The computer-assisted instruction program emphasized the physical principles of clinical sonography and contained simulations and user-active experiments. In the practical class, the students used an actual sonographic machine for the first time and made images of a tissue-equivalent phantom. Students' responses to questionnaires were analyzed. On completing the overall project, 96% of the students said that they now understood sonographic concepts very or reasonably well, and 98% had become very or moderately interested in clinical sonography. The teaching and learning initiatives enhanced an integrated approach to learning, stimulated student interest and curiosity, improved understanding of sonographic principles, and contributed to an increased confidence and skill in using sonographic equipment.

Business Computer Applications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Education, Oklahoma City.

Ideas and activities are provided for teaching computer skills and applications in business classes. Divided into sections on general applications, accounting applications, and word processing, this guide is designed as a supplement for the teacher when exposing students to the uses of computers in these areas. Most of the activities require the…

Switching from Computer to Microcomputer Architecture Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bolanakis, Dimosthenis E.; Kotsis, Konstantinos T.; Laopoulos, Theodore

2010-01-01

In the last decades, the technological and scientific evolution of the computing discipline has been widely affecting research in software engineering education, which nowadays advocates more enlightened and liberal ideas. This article reviews cross-disciplinary research on a computer architecture class in consideration of its switching to…

Upper Grades Ideas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Classroom Computer Learning, 1984

1984-01-01

Offers suggestions for five computer-oriented classroom activities. They include uniting a writing class by having them collectively write a book using a word processor, examining FOR/NEXT loops, using a compound interest computer program, and developing a list of facts about computers. Includes four short programs which erase monitor screens. (JN)

Democratizing Children's Computation: Learning Computational Science as Aesthetic Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farris, Amy Voss; Sengupta, Pratim

2016-01-01

In this essay, Amy Voss Farris and Pratim Sengupta argue that a democratic approach to children's computing education in a science class must focus on the "aesthetics" of children's experience. In "Democracy and Education," Dewey links "democracy" with a distinctive understanding of "experience." For Dewey,…

Computer Applications in Assessment and Counseling.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Veldman, Donald J.; Menaker, Shirley L.

Public school counselors and psychologists can expect valuable assistance from computer-based assessment and counseling techniques within a few years, as programs now under development become generally available for the typical computers now used by schools for grade-reporting and class-scheduling. Although routine information-giving and gathering…

Single-Sex Computer Classes: An Effective Alternative.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swain, Sandra L.; Harvey, Douglas M.

2002-01-01

Advocates single-sex computer instruction as a temporary alternative educational program to provide middle school and secondary school girls with access to computers, to present girls with opportunities to develop positive attitudes towards technology, and to make available a learning environment conducive to girls gaining technological skills.…

Academic computer science and gender: A naturalistic study investigating the causes of attrition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Declue, Timothy Hall

Far fewer women than men take computer science classes in high school, enroll in computer science programs in college, or complete advanced degrees in computer science. The computer science pipeline begins to shrink for women even before entering college, but it is at the college level that the "brain drain" is the most evident numerically, especially in the first class taken by most computer science majors called "Computer Science 1" or CS-I. The result, for both academia and industry, is a pronounced technological gender disparity in academic and industrial computer science. The study revealed the existence of several factors influencing success in CS-I. First, and most clearly, the effect of attribution processes seemed to be quite strong. These processes tend to work against success for females and in favor of success for males. Likewise, evidence was discovered which strengthens theories related to prior experience and the perception that computer science has a culture which is hostile to females. Two unanticipated themes related to the motivation and persistence of successful computer science majors. The findings did not support the belief that females have greater logistical problems in computer science than males, or that females tend to have a different programming style than males which adversely affects the females' ability to succeed in CS-I.

Research Questions Related to Teaching Software.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lambrecht, Judith J.

1989-01-01

Business teachers who teach computer applications face three major challenges: making their classes attractive to students; managing individualized, multiactivity classes; and developing independent business software users. The last-mentioned goal is the primary reason for the existence of the business department. (SK)

Classroom Laboratory Report: Using an Image Database System in Engineering Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alam, Javed; And Others

1991-01-01

Describes an image database system assembled using separate computer components that was developed to overcome text-only computer hardware storage and retrieval limitations for a pavement design class. (JJK)

A fast D.F.T. algorithm using complex integer transforms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reed, I. S.; Truong, T. K.

1978-01-01

Winograd (1976) has developed a new class of algorithms which depend heavily on the computation of a cyclic convolution for computing the conventional DFT (discrete Fourier transform); this new algorithm, for a few hundred transform points, requires substantially fewer multiplications than the conventional FFT algorithm. Reed and Truong have defined a special class of finite Fourier-like transforms over GF(q squared), where q = 2 to the p power minus 1 is a Mersenne prime for p = 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 19, 31, 61. In the present paper it is shown that Winograd's algorithm can be combined with the aforementioned Fourier-like transform to yield a new algorithm for computing the DFT. A fast method for accurately computing the DFT of a sequence of complex numbers of very long transform-lengths is thus obtained.

Teaching Using Computer Games

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Lee Dee; Shell, Duane; Khandaker, Nobel; Soh, Leen-Kiat

2011-01-01

Computer games have long been used for teaching. Current reviews lack categorization and analysis using learning models which would help instructors assess the usefulness of computer games. We divide the use of games into two classes: game playing and game development. We discuss the Input-Process-Outcome (IPO) model for the learning process when…

Microcomputers in the Home and at School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robertson, Karen; Green, David

1993-01-01

Questionnaires were used to survey computer usage by (n=840) secondary students at home and by (n=22) teachers in their classes in Great Britain. There was little educational use of computers at home by students, and 55% of the teachers strongly opposed assigning homework for completion on a computer. (MKR)

CAI at CSDF: Organizational Strategies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Irwin, Margaret G.

1982-01-01

The computer assisted instruction (CAI) program at the California School for the Deaf, at Fremont, features individual Apple computers in classrooms as well as in CAI labs. When the whole class uses computers simultaneously, the teacher can help individuals, identify group weaknesses, note needs of the materials, and help develop additional CAI…

The I-Generation--From Toddlers to Teenagers: A Conversation with Jane M. Healy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tell, Carol

2000-01-01

In "Failure to Connect" (1998), Jane Healy examined pros and cons of computer use, warning that good teachers, small classes, and challenging curricula trump high-tech products. Computers can impede youngsters' development. Computers enhance learning only if teachers comprehend them, use appropriate applications, and define learning…

Poems by Computer: Introducing Poetry in a High-Tech Society.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Styne, Marlys M.

Poetry was used in a college English class to teach figurative language, connotation, denotation, and the need for close attention to vocabulary. However, students were often bored by traditional poetry. Using computer programs like "Compupoem,""Poetrywriter,""Lifesongs," and "Haikuku," students were introduced to computer poetry and created their…

Classrooms Matter: The Design of Virtual Classrooms Influences Gender Disparities in Computer Science Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cheryan, Sapna; Meltzoff, Andrew N.; Kim, Saenam

2011-01-01

Three experiments examined whether the design of virtual learning environments influences undergraduates' enrollment intentions and anticipated success in introductory computer science courses. Changing the design of a virtual classroom--from one that conveys current computer science stereotypes to one that does not--significantly increased…

One Teacher's Role in Promoting Understanding in Mental Computation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heirdsfield, Ann

2005-01-01

This paper reports the teacher actions that promoted the development of students' mental computation. A Year 3 teacher engaged her class in developing mental computation strategies over a ten-week period. Two overarching issues that appeared to support learning were establishing connections and encouraging strategic thinking. (Contains 2 figures.)…

Implementing Simulation Design of Experiments and Remote Execution on a High Performance Computing Cluster

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-01

example, an application developed in Sun’s Netbeans [2007] integrated development environment (IDE) uses Swing class object for graphical user... Netbeans Version 5.5.1 [Computer Software]. Santa Clara, CA: Sun Microsystems. Process Modeler Version 7.0 [Computer Software]. Santa Clara, Ca

Should Professors Ban Laptops?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carter, Susan Payne; Greenberg, Kyle; Walker, Michael S.

2017-01-01

Laptop computers have become commonplace in K-12 and college classrooms. With that, educators now face a critical decision. Should they embrace computers and put technology at the center of their instruction? Should they allow students to decide for themselves whether to use computers during class? Or should they ban screens altogether and embrace…

Researching the Internet in a Writing Class: A Writing Teacher's Role and a Computer Specialist's Role.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anstendig, Linda; Meyer, Jeanine

An Internet research project was undertaken by a class of college honors students to see how effectively the Internet could be used for genuine research purposes. The class consisted of 16 students, a mix of freshmen, sophomores, and juniors, enrolled in an advanced writing course whose focus was different forms of research: I-Search, ethnography,…

Evaluating Technology in Schools: Implications of a Research Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kell, Diane; And Others

This report provides an overview of the issues related to a recently completed study of the use of computers in primary classrooms in six school districts and some special program classes, i.e., K-2 English-as-a-Second-Language and bilingual classes at one study site and Chapter 1 pullout classes for grades K-5 at another site. The sites used were…

Evaluation of E-Rat, a Computer-based Rat Dissection in Terms of Student Learning Outcomes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Predavec, Martin

2001-01-01

Presents a study that used computer-based rat anatomy to compare student learning outcomes from computer-based instruction with a conventional dissection. Indicates that there was a significant relationship between the time spent on both classes and the marks gained. Shows that computer-based instruction can be a viable alternative to the use of…

Bayesian Latent Class Analysis Tutorial.

PubMed

Li, Yuelin; Lord-Bessen, Jennifer; Shiyko, Mariya; Loeb, Rebecca

2018-01-01

This article is a how-to guide on Bayesian computation using Gibbs sampling, demonstrated in the context of Latent Class Analysis (LCA). It is written for students in quantitative psychology or related fields who have a working knowledge of Bayes Theorem and conditional probability and have experience in writing computer programs in the statistical language R . The overall goals are to provide an accessible and self-contained tutorial, along with a practical computation tool. We begin with how Bayesian computation is typically described in academic articles. Technical difficulties are addressed by a hypothetical, worked-out example. We show how Bayesian computation can be broken down into a series of simpler calculations, which can then be assembled together to complete a computationally more complex model. The details are described much more explicitly than what is typically available in elementary introductions to Bayesian modeling so that readers are not overwhelmed by the mathematics. Moreover, the provided computer program shows how Bayesian LCA can be implemented with relative ease. The computer program is then applied in a large, real-world data set and explained line-by-line. We outline the general steps in how to extend these considerations to other methodological applications. We conclude with suggestions for further readings.

A view of Kanerva's sparse distributed memory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Denning, P. J.

1986-01-01

Pentti Kanerva is working on a new class of computers, which are called pattern computers. Pattern computers may close the gap between capabilities of biological organisms to recognize and act on patterns (visual, auditory, tactile, or olfactory) and capabilities of modern computers. Combinations of numeric, symbolic, and pattern computers may one day be capable of sustaining robots. The overview of the requirements for a pattern computer, a summary of Kanerva's Sparse Distributed Memory (SDM), and examples of tasks this computer can be expected to perform well are given.

Hypercluster Parallel Processor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blech, Richard A.; Cole, Gary L.; Milner, Edward J.; Quealy, Angela

1992-01-01

Hypercluster computer system includes multiple digital processors, operation of which coordinated through specialized software. Configurable according to various parallel-computing architectures of shared-memory or distributed-memory class, including scalar computer, vector computer, reduced-instruction-set computer, and complex-instruction-set computer. Designed as flexible, relatively inexpensive system that provides single programming and operating environment within which one can investigate effects of various parallel-computing architectures and combinations on performance in solution of complicated problems like those of three-dimensional flows in turbomachines. Hypercluster software and architectural concepts are in public domain.

Superpixel-based classification of gastric chromoendoscopy images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boschetto, Davide; Grisan, Enrico

2017-03-01

Chromoendoscopy (CH) is a gastroenterology imaging modality that involves the staining of tissues with methylene blue, which reacts with the internal walls of the gastrointestinal tract, improving the visual contrast in mucosal surfaces and thus enhancing a doctor's ability to screen precancerous lesions or early cancer. This technique helps identify areas that can be targeted for biopsy or treatment and in this work we will focus on gastric cancer detection. Gastric chromoendoscopy for cancer detection has several taxonomies available, one of which classifies CH images into three classes (normal, metaplasia, dysplasia) based on color, shape and regularity of pit patterns. Computer-assisted diagnosis is desirable to help us improve the reliability of the tissue classification and abnormalities detection. However, traditional computer vision methodologies, mainly segmentation, do not translate well to the specific visual characteristics of a gastroenterology imaging scenario. We propose the exploitation of a first unsupervised segmentation via superpixel, which groups pixels into perceptually meaningful atomic regions, used to replace the rigid structure of the pixel grid. For each superpixel, a set of features is extracted and then fed to a random forest based classifier, which computes a model used to predict the class of each superpixel. The average general accuracy of our model is 92.05% in the pixel domain (86.62% in the superpixel domain), while detection accuracies on the normal and abnormal class are respectively 85.71% and 95%. Eventually, the whole image class can be predicted image through a majority vote on each superpixel's predicted class.

39 CFR 3010.26 - Calculation of unused rate adjustment authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... authority for each class is equal to the difference between the maximum allowable percentage change in rates under the applicable rate limitation and the actual percentage change in rates for that class. (c) When... rate adjustment leading to its computation. ...

A Computer-Based Subduction-Zone-Earthquake Exercise for Introductory-Geology Classes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shea, James Herbert

1991-01-01

Describes the author's computer-based program for a subduction-zone-earthquake exercise. Instructions for conducting the activity and obtaining the program from the author are provided. Written in IBM QuickBasic. (PR)

A Set of Computer Projects for an Electromagnetic Fields Class.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gleeson, Ronald F.

1989-01-01

Presented are three computer projects: vector analysis, electric field intensities at various distances, and the Biot-Savart law. Programing suggestions and project results are provided. One month is suggested for each project. (MVL)

Imagination, Intuition, and Computing in School Algebra.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kieren, Thomas E.; Olson, Alton T.

1989-01-01

Two incidents involving novice teachers with classes in grades 7 and 10 are presented. Then considered are the nature of intuitive mathematics and contributions computers can make to such intuitive mathematics, particularly in Algebra. (MNS)

Morphologic changes of the nasal cavity induced by rapid maxillary expansion: a study on 3-dimensional computed tomography models.

PubMed

Haralambidis, Adam; Ari-Demirkaya, Arzu; Acar, Ahu; Küçükkeleş, Nazan; Ateş, Mustafa; Ozkaya, Selin

2009-12-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rapid maxillary expansion on the volume of the nasal cavity by using computed tomography. The sample consisted of 24 patients (10 boys, 14 girls) in the permanent dentition who had maxillary constriction and bilateral posterior crossbite. Ten patients had skeletal Class I and 14 had Class II relationships. Skeletal maturity was assessed with the modified cervical vertebral maturation method. Computed tomograms were taken before expansion and at the end of the 3-month retention period, after active expansion. The tomograms were analyzed by Mimics software (version 10.11, Materialise Medical Co, Leuven, Belgium) to reconstruct 3-dimensional images and calculate the volume of the nasal cavities before and after expansion. A significant (P = 0.000) average increase of 11.3% in nasal volume was found. Sex, growth, and skeletal relationship did not influence measurements or response to treatment. A significant difference was found in the volume increase between the Class I and Class II patients, but it was attributed to the longer expansion period of the latter. Therefore, rapid maxillary expansion induces a significant average increase of the nasal volume and consequently can increase nasal permeability and establish a predominant nasal respiration pattern.

Upper and lower bounds for semi-Markov reliability models of reconfigurable systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

White, A. L.

1984-01-01

This paper determines the information required about system recovery to compute the reliability of a class of reconfigurable systems. Upper and lower bounds are derived for these systems. The class consists of those systems that satisfy five assumptions: the components fail independently at a low constant rate, fault occurrence and system reconfiguration are independent processes, the reliability model is semi-Markov, the recovery functions which describe system configuration have small means and variances, and the system is well designed. The bounds are easy to compute, and examples are included.

Skylab-EREP studies in computer mapping of terrain in the Cripple Creek-Canon City area of Colorado

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smedes, H. W.; Ranson, K. J.; Holstrom, R. L.

1975-01-01

Multispectral-scanner data from satellites are used as input to computers for automatically mapping terrain classes of ground cover. Some major problems faced in this remote-sensing task include: (1) the effect of mixtures of classes and, primarily because of mixtures, the problem of what constitutes accurate control data, and (2) effects of the atmosphere on spectral responses. The fundamental principles of these problems are presented along with results of studies of them for a test site of Colorado, using LANDSAT-1 data.

Neural network ensemble based CAD system for focal liver lesions from B-mode ultrasound.

PubMed

Virmani, Jitendra; Kumar, Vinod; Kalra, Naveen; Khandelwal, Niranjan

2014-08-01

A neural network ensemble (NNE) based computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) system to assist radiologists in differential diagnosis between focal liver lesions (FLLs), including (1) typical and atypical cases of Cyst, hemangioma (HEM) and metastatic carcinoma (MET) lesions, (2) small and large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions, along with (3) normal (NOR) liver tissue is proposed in the present work. Expert radiologists, visualize the textural characteristics of regions inside and outside the lesions to differentiate between different FLLs, accordingly texture features computed from inside lesion regions of interest (IROIs) and texture ratio features computed from IROIs and surrounding lesion regions of interests (SROIs) are taken as input. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used for reducing the dimensionality of the feature space before classifier design. The first step of classification module consists of a five class PCA-NN based primary classifier which yields probability outputs for five liver image classes. The second step of classification module consists of ten binary PCA-NN based secondary classifiers for NOR/Cyst, NOR/HEM, NOR/HCC, NOR/MET, Cyst/HEM, Cyst/HCC, Cyst/MET, HEM/HCC, HEM/MET and HCC/MET classes. The probability outputs of five class PCA-NN based primary classifier is used to determine the first two most probable classes for a test instance, based on which it is directed to the corresponding binary PCA-NN based secondary classifier for crisp classification between two classes. By including the second step of the classification module, classification accuracy increases from 88.7 % to 95 %. The promising results obtained by the proposed system indicate its usefulness to assist radiologists in differential diagnosis of FLLs.

Semantic segmentation of 3D textured meshes for urban scene analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rouhani, Mohammad; Lafarge, Florent; Alliez, Pierre

2017-01-01

Classifying 3D measurement data has become a core problem in photogrammetry and 3D computer vision, since the rise of modern multiview geometry techniques, combined with affordable range sensors. We introduce a Markov Random Field-based approach for segmenting textured meshes generated via multi-view stereo into urban classes of interest. The input mesh is first partitioned into small clusters, referred to as superfacets, from which geometric and photometric features are computed. A random forest is then trained to predict the class of each superfacet as well as its similarity with the neighboring superfacets. Similarity is used to assign the weights of the Markov Random Field pairwise-potential and to account for contextual information between the classes. The experimental results illustrate the efficacy and accuracy of the proposed framework.

A Scatter-Based Prototype Framework and Multi-Class Extension of Support Vector Machines

PubMed Central

Jenssen, Robert; Kloft, Marius; Zien, Alexander; Sonnenburg, Sören; Müller, Klaus-Robert

2012-01-01

We provide a novel interpretation of the dual of support vector machines (SVMs) in terms of scatter with respect to class prototypes and their mean. As a key contribution, we extend this framework to multiple classes, providing a new joint Scatter SVM algorithm, at the level of its binary counterpart in the number of optimization variables. This enables us to implement computationally efficient solvers based on sequential minimal and chunking optimization. As a further contribution, the primal problem formulation is developed in terms of regularized risk minimization and the hinge loss, revealing the score function to be used in the actual classification of test patterns. We investigate Scatter SVM properties related to generalization ability, computational efficiency, sparsity and sensitivity maps, and report promising results. PMID:23118845

Optimal mapping of site-specific multivariate soil properties.

PubMed

Burrough, P A; Swindell, J

1997-01-01

This paper demonstrates how geostatistics and fuzzy k-means classification can be used together to improve our practical understanding of crop yield-site response. Two aspects of soil are important for precision farming: (a) sensible classes for a given crop, and (b) their spatial variation. Local site classifications are more sensitive than general taxonomies and can be provided by the method of fuzzy k-means to transform a multivariate data set with i attributes measured at n sites into k overlapping classes; each site has a membership value mk for each class in the range 0-1. Soil variation is of interest when conditions vary over patches manageable by agricultural machinery. The spatial variation of each of the k classes can be analysed by computing the variograms of mk over the n sites. Memberships for each of the k classes can be mapped by ordinary kriging. Areas of class dominance and the transition zones between them can be identified by an inter-class confusion index; reducing the zones to boundaries gives crisp maps of dominant soil groups that can be used to guide precision farming equipment. Automation of the procedure is straightforward given sufficient data. Time variations in soil properties can be automatically incorporated in the computation of membership values. The procedures are illustrated with multi-year crop yield data collected from a 5 ha demonstration field at the Royal Agricultural College in Cirencester, UK.

Automatic Computer Mapping of Terrain

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smedes, H. W.

1971-01-01

Computer processing of 17 wavelength bands of visible, reflective infrared, and thermal infrared scanner spectrometer data, and of three wavelength bands derived from color aerial film has resulted in successful automatic computer mapping of eight or more terrain classes in a Yellowstone National Park test site. The tests involved: (1) supervised and non-supervised computer programs; (2) special preprocessing of the scanner data to reduce computer processing time and cost, and improve the accuracy; and (3) studies of the effectiveness of the proposed Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) data channels in the automatic mapping of the same terrain, based on simulations, using the same set of scanner data. The following terrain classes have been mapped with greater than 80 percent accuracy in a 12-square-mile area with 1,800 feet of relief; (1) bedrock exposures, (2) vegetated rock rubble, (3) talus, (4) glacial kame meadow, (5) glacial till meadow, (6) forest, (7) bog, and (8) water. In addition, shadows of clouds and cliffs are depicted, but were greatly reduced by using preprocessing techniques.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bastian, Mark; Trigueros, Jose V.

Phoenix is a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) based library for performing mathematical and astrodynamics calculations. It consists of two primary sub-modules, phoenix-math and phoenix-astrodynamics. The mathematics package has a variety of mathematical classes for performing 3D transformations, geometric reasoning, and numerical analysis. The astrodynamics package has various classes and methods for computing locations, attitudes, accesses, and other values useful for general satellite modeling and simulation. Methods for computing celestial locations, such as the location of the Sun and Moon, are also included. Phoenix is meant to be used as a library within the context of a larger application. For example,more » it could be used for a web service, desktop client, or to compute simple values in a scripting environment.« less

Developing Mobile Based Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Florence; Pastore, Raymond; Snider, Jean

2012-01-01

This paper describes an instructional design class's experience developing instruction for the mobile web. The class was taught at a southeastern university in the United States in a master's level computer based instruction course. Two example projects are showcased and student reflections on design issues are highlighted. Additionally,…

In-class Simulations of the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma Game.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bodo, Peter

2002-01-01

Developed a simple computer program for the in-class simulation of the repeated prisoner's dilemma game with student-designed strategies. Describes the basic features of the software. Presents two examples using the program to teach the problems of cooperation among profit-maximizing agents. (JEH)

Contributions of the 12 neuron classes in the fly lamina to motion vision

PubMed Central

Tuthill, John C.; Nern, Aljoscha; Holtz, Stephen L.; Rubin, Gerald M.; Reiser, Michael B.

2013-01-01

SUMMARY Motion detection is a fundamental neural computation performed by many sensory systems. In the fly, local motion computation is thought to occur within the first two layers of the visual system, the lamina and medulla. We constructed specific genetic driver lines for each of the 12 neuron classes in the lamina. We then depolarized and hyperpolarized each neuron type, and quantified fly behavioral responses to a diverse set of motion stimuli. We found that only a small number of lamina output neurons are essential for motion detection, while most neurons serve to sculpt and enhance these feedforward pathways. Two classes of feedback neurons (C2 and C3), and lamina output neurons (L2 and L4), are required for normal detection of directional motion stimuli. Our results reveal a prominent role for feedback and lateral interactions in motion processing, and demonstrate that motion-dependent behaviors rely on contributions from nearly all lamina neuron classes. PMID:23849200

Contributions of the 12 neuron classes in the fly lamina to motion vision.

PubMed

Tuthill, John C; Nern, Aljoscha; Holtz, Stephen L; Rubin, Gerald M; Reiser, Michael B

2013-07-10

Motion detection is a fundamental neural computation performed by many sensory systems. In the fly, local motion computation is thought to occur within the first two layers of the visual system, the lamina and medulla. We constructed specific genetic driver lines for each of the 12 neuron classes in the lamina. We then depolarized and hyperpolarized each neuron type and quantified fly behavioral responses to a diverse set of motion stimuli. We found that only a small number of lamina output neurons are essential for motion detection, while most neurons serve to sculpt and enhance these feedforward pathways. Two classes of feedback neurons (C2 and C3), and lamina output neurons (L2 and L4), are required for normal detection of directional motion stimuli. Our results reveal a prominent role for feedback and lateral interactions in motion processing and demonstrate that motion-dependent behaviors rely on contributions from nearly all lamina neuron classes. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Computers in the English Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scioli, Frances; And Others

Intended to provide help for teachers and supervisors in using computers in English classes as an enhancement of the instructional program, this guide is organized in three parts. Part 1 focuses on the many management issues related to computer use. This section of the guide presents ideas for helping students with limited keyboarding skills as…

Computer Education Curriculum. Connecticut Vocational Technical School System. Version 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kittell, Linda; Walczak, Joseph

This computer education curriculum is designed specifically for Connecticut's Regional Vocational Technical Schools' grade 9 computer education course. Each of the 24 lessons is expected to cover at least one class period of 50 minutes. Introductory materials include a listing of course goals and objectives, an outline of sequence and scope via…

Learning Oceanography from a Computer Simulation Compared with Direct Experience at Sea

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Winn, William; Stahr, Frederick; Sarason, Christian; Fruland, Ruth; Oppenheimer, Peter; Lee, Yen-Ling

2006-01-01

Considerable research has compared how students learn science from computer simulations with how they learn from "traditional" classes. Little research has compared how students learn science from computer simulations with how they learn from direct experience in the real environment on which the simulations are based. This study compared two…

[The effect of lessons with a computer on the function of the sympathoadrenal and hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal systems in 6-year-old children].

PubMed

Gubareva, L I; Kupriĭ, G A; Mishina, N F; Mishina, E A

1996-04-01

Computer classes were shown to affect the sympathetic-adrenal and hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenocortical systems in 6-year-old children. The data obtained suggests the necessity of a medical-pedagogical control of the selection of children for computer groups.

Learning to Teach Computer Science: Qualitative Insights into Secondary Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hubbard, Aleata Kimberly

2017-01-01

In this dissertation, I explored the pedagogical content knowledge of in-service high school educators recently assigned to teach computer science for the first time. Teachers were participating in a professional development program where they co-taught introductory computing classes with tech industry professionals. The study was motivated by…

Computer Gaming at Every Age: A Comparative Evaluation of Alice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seals, Cheryl D.; McMillian, Yolanda; Rouse, Kenneth; Agarwal, Ravikant; Johnson, Andrea Williams; Gilbert, Juan E.; Chapman, Richard

2008-01-01

This research has two thrusts of teaching object oriented programming to very young audiences and of increasing student excitement about computing applications with the long-term goal of increasing involvement in technology classes, in the use of computer applications and interest in technology careers. The goal of this work was to provide…

A Formative and Summative Evaluation of Computer Integrated Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Signer, Barbara

The purpose of this study was to conduct formative and summative evaluation for Computer Integrated Instruction (CII), an alternative use of computer-assisted instruction (CAI). The non-equivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was implemented with the class as the unit of analysis. Several of the instruments were adopted from existing CAI…

Reliability of Computer Systems ODRA 1305 and R-32,

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-03-25

RELIABILITY OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS ODRA 1305 AND R-32 By: Wit Drewniak English pages: 12 Source: Informatyka , Vol. 14, Nr. 7, 1979, pp. 5-8 Country of...JS EMC computers installed in ZETO, Katowice", Informatyka , No. 7-8/78, deals with various reliability classes * within the family of the machines of

Using E-mail in a Math/Computer Core Course.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gurwitz, Chaya

This paper notes the advantages of using e-mail in computer literacy classes, and discusses the results of incorporating an e-mail assignment in the "Introduction to Mathematical Reasoning and Computer Programming" core course at Brooklyn College (New York). The assignment consisted of several steps. The students first read and responded…

Using a Computer Animation to Teach High School Molecular Biology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rotbain, Yosi; Marbach-Ad, Gili; Stavy, Ruth

2008-01-01

We present an active way to use a computer animation in secondary molecular genetics class. For this purpose we developed an activity booklet that helps students to work interactively with a computer animation which deals with abstract concepts and processes in molecular biology. The achievements of the experimental group were compared with those…

Correlation between Academic and Skills-Based Tests in Computer Networks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buchanan, William

2006-01-01

Computing-related programmes and modules have many problems, especially related to large class sizes, large-scale plagiarism, module franchising, and an increased requirement from students for increased amounts of hands-on, practical work. This paper presents a practical computer networks module which uses a mixture of online examinations and a…

Development and application of operational techniques for the inventory and monitoring of resources and uses for the Texas coastal zone. Volume 1: Text

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harwood, P. (Principal Investigator); Finley, R.; Mcculloch, S.; Malin, P. A.; Schell, J. A.

1977-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. Image interpretation and computer-assisted techniques were developed to analyze LANDSAT scenes in support of resource inventory and monitoring requirements for the Texas coastal region. Land cover and land use maps, at a scale of 1:125,000 for the image interpretation product and 1:24,000 for the computer-assisted product, were generated covering four Texas coastal test sites. Classification schemes which parallel national systems were developed for each procedure, including 23 classes for image interpretation technique and 13 classes for the computer-assisted technique. Results indicate that LANDSAT-derived land cover and land use maps can be successfully applied to a variety of planning and management activities on the Texas coast. Computer-derived land/water maps can be used with tide gage data to assess shoreline boundaries for management purposes.

Continuous-Variable Instantaneous Quantum Computing is Hard to Sample.

PubMed

Douce, T; Markham, D; Kashefi, E; Diamanti, E; Coudreau, T; Milman, P; van Loock, P; Ferrini, G

2017-02-17

Instantaneous quantum computing is a subuniversal quantum complexity class, whose circuits have proven to be hard to simulate classically in the discrete-variable realm. We extend this proof to the continuous-variable (CV) domain by using squeezed states and homodyne detection, and by exploring the properties of postselected circuits. In order to treat postselection in CVs, we consider finitely resolved homodyne detectors, corresponding to a realistic scheme based on discrete probability distributions of the measurement outcomes. The unavoidable errors stemming from the use of finitely squeezed states are suppressed through a qubit-into-oscillator Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill encoding of quantum information, which was previously shown to enable fault-tolerant CV quantum computation. Finally, we show that, in order to render postselected computational classes in CVs meaningful, a logarithmic scaling of the squeezing parameter with the circuit size is necessary, translating into a polynomial scaling of the input energy.

Exploiting Quantum Resonance to Solve Combinatorial Problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zak, Michail; Fijany, Amir

2006-01-01

Quantum resonance would be exploited in a proposed quantum-computing approach to the solution of combinatorial optimization problems. In quantum computing in general, one takes advantage of the fact that an algorithm cannot be decoupled from the physical effects available to implement it. Prior approaches to quantum computing have involved exploitation of only a subset of known quantum physical effects, notably including parallelism and entanglement, but not including resonance. In the proposed approach, one would utilize the combinatorial properties of tensor-product decomposability of unitary evolution of many-particle quantum systems for physically simulating solutions to NP-complete problems (a class of problems that are intractable with respect to classical methods of computation). In this approach, reinforcement and selection of a desired solution would be executed by means of quantum resonance. Classes of NP-complete problems that are important in practice and could be solved by the proposed approach include planning, scheduling, search, and optimal design.

A novel one-class SVM based negative data sampling method for reconstructing proteome-wide HTLV-human protein interaction networks.

PubMed

Mei, Suyu; Zhu, Hao

2015-01-26

Protein-protein interaction (PPI) prediction is generally treated as a problem of binary classification wherein negative data sampling is still an open problem to be addressed. The commonly used random sampling is prone to yield less representative negative data with considerable false negatives. Meanwhile rational constraints are seldom exerted on model selection to reduce the risk of false positive predictions for most of the existing computational methods. In this work, we propose a novel negative data sampling method based on one-class SVM (support vector machine, SVM) to predict proteome-wide protein interactions between HTLV retrovirus and Homo sapiens, wherein one-class SVM is used to choose reliable and representative negative data, and two-class SVM is used to yield proteome-wide outcomes as predictive feedback for rational model selection. Computational results suggest that one-class SVM is more suited to be used as negative data sampling method than two-class PPI predictor, and the predictive feedback constrained model selection helps to yield a rational predictive model that reduces the risk of false positive predictions. Some predictions have been validated by the recent literature. Lastly, gene ontology based clustering of the predicted PPI networks is conducted to provide valuable cues for the pathogenesis of HTLV retrovirus.

Joint the Center for Applied Scientific Computing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gamblin, Todd; Bremer, Timo; Van Essen, Brian

The Center for Applied Scientific Computing serves as Livermore Lab’s window to the broader computer science, computational physics, applied mathematics, and data science research communities. In collaboration with academic, industrial, and other government laboratory partners, we conduct world-class scientific research and development on problems critical to national security. CASC applies the power of high-performance computing and the efficiency of modern computational methods to the realms of stockpile stewardship, cyber and energy security, and knowledge discovery for intelligence applications.

Using Computers in Introductory Astronomy Courses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deming, Grace L.

1995-12-01

Computer literacy is fast becoming a focal point in undergraduate education. Scientific literacy has been a continuing goal of undergraduate programs across the nation and a course in introductory astronomy is often used to satisfy such science requirements. At U. MD an introduction to computer skills is being integrated into our astronomy curriculum for non-science majors. The campus is adequately equipped with computer labs, yet many students enter college without basic computer skills. In Astronomy 101 (General Astronomy) students are introduced to electronic mail, a Listserver, and the world wide web. Students in this course are required to register for a free campus computer account. Their first assignment is to use e-mail to subscribe to the class Listserver, Milkyway. Through Milkyway, students have access to weekly lecture summaries, questions to review for exams, and copies of previous exams. Using e-mail students may pose questions, provide comments, or exchange opinions using Milkyway, or they may e-mail the instructor directly. Studies indicate that using e-mail is less intimidating to a student than asking a question in a class of 200 students. Monitoring e-mail for student questions has not been a problem. Student reaction has been favorable to using e-mail, since instructor office hours are not always convenient, especially to commuting or working students. Through required assignments, students receive an introduction to accessing information on the world wide web using Netscape. Astronomy has great resources available on the Internet which can be used to supplement and reinforce introductory material. Assignments are structured so that students will gain the techniques necessary to access available information. It is hoped that students will successfully apply the computer skills they learn in astronomy class to their own fields and as life-long learners. We have found that students comfortable with computers are willing to share their knowledge with others. The computer activities have been structured to promote cooperation between students. These skills are also necessary for success.

Connectomic constraints on computation in feedforward networks of spiking neurons.

PubMed

Ramaswamy, Venkatakrishnan; Banerjee, Arunava

2014-10-01

Several efforts are currently underway to decipher the connectome or parts thereof in a variety of organisms. Ascertaining the detailed physiological properties of all the neurons in these connectomes, however, is out of the scope of such projects. It is therefore unclear to what extent knowledge of the connectome alone will advance a mechanistic understanding of computation occurring in these neural circuits, especially when the high-level function of the said circuit is unknown. We consider, here, the question of how the wiring diagram of neurons imposes constraints on what neural circuits can compute, when we cannot assume detailed information on the physiological response properties of the neurons. We call such constraints-that arise by virtue of the connectome-connectomic constraints on computation. For feedforward networks equipped with neurons that obey a deterministic spiking neuron model which satisfies a small number of properties, we ask if just by knowing the architecture of a network, we can rule out computations that it could be doing, no matter what response properties each of its neurons may have. We show results of this form, for certain classes of network architectures. On the other hand, we also prove that with the limited set of properties assumed for our model neurons, there are fundamental limits to the constraints imposed by network structure. Thus, our theory suggests that while connectomic constraints might restrict the computational ability of certain classes of network architectures, we may require more elaborate information on the properties of neurons in the network, before we can discern such results for other classes of networks.

Integrating interactive computational modeling in biology curricula.

PubMed

Helikar, Tomáš; Cutucache, Christine E; Dahlquist, Lauren M; Herek, Tyler A; Larson, Joshua J; Rogers, Jim A

2015-03-01

While the use of computer tools to simulate complex processes such as computer circuits is normal practice in fields like engineering, the majority of life sciences/biological sciences courses continue to rely on the traditional textbook and memorization approach. To address this issue, we explored the use of the Cell Collective platform as a novel, interactive, and evolving pedagogical tool to foster student engagement, creativity, and higher-level thinking. Cell Collective is a Web-based platform used to create and simulate dynamical models of various biological processes. Students can create models of cells, diseases, or pathways themselves or explore existing models. This technology was implemented in both undergraduate and graduate courses as a pilot study to determine the feasibility of such software at the university level. First, a new (In Silico Biology) class was developed to enable students to learn biology by "building and breaking it" via computer models and their simulations. This class and technology also provide a non-intimidating way to incorporate mathematical and computational concepts into a class with students who have a limited mathematical background. Second, we used the technology to mediate the use of simulations and modeling modules as a learning tool for traditional biological concepts, such as T cell differentiation or cell cycle regulation, in existing biology courses. Results of this pilot application suggest that there is promise in the use of computational modeling and software tools such as Cell Collective to provide new teaching methods in biology and contribute to the implementation of the "Vision and Change" call to action in undergraduate biology education by providing a hands-on approach to biology.

Multiclass Bayes error estimation by a feature space sampling technique

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mobasseri, B. G.; Mcgillem, C. D.

1979-01-01

A general Gaussian M-class N-feature classification problem is defined. An algorithm is developed that requires the class statistics as its only input and computes the minimum probability of error through use of a combined analytical and numerical integration over a sequence simplifying transformations of the feature space. The results are compared with those obtained by conventional techniques applied to a 2-class 4-feature discrimination problem with results previously reported and 4-class 4-feature multispectral scanner Landsat data classified by training and testing of the available data.

Pattern recognition for passive polarimetric data using nonparametric classifiers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thilak, Vimal; Saini, Jatinder; Voelz, David G.; Creusere, Charles D.

2005-08-01

Passive polarization based imaging is a useful tool in computer vision and pattern recognition. A passive polarization imaging system forms a polarimetric image from the reflection of ambient light that contains useful information for computer vision tasks such as object detection (classification) and recognition. Applications of polarization based pattern recognition include material classification and automatic shape recognition. In this paper, we present two target detection algorithms for images captured by a passive polarimetric imaging system. The proposed detection algorithms are based on Bayesian decision theory. In these approaches, an object can belong to one of any given number classes and classification involves making decisions that minimize the average probability of making incorrect decisions. This minimum is achieved by assigning an object to the class that maximizes the a posteriori probability. Computing a posteriori probabilities requires estimates of class conditional probability density functions (likelihoods) and prior probabilities. A Probabilistic neural network (PNN), which is a nonparametric method that can compute Bayes optimal boundaries, and a -nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier, is used for density estimation and classification. The proposed algorithms are applied to polarimetric image data gathered in the laboratory with a liquid crystal-based system. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the above algorithms for target detection from polarimetric data.

Effect Sizes in Three-Level Cluster-Randomized Experiments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hedges, Larry V.

2011-01-01

Research designs involving cluster randomization are becoming increasingly important in educational and behavioral research. Many of these designs involve two levels of clustering or nesting (students within classes and classes within schools). Researchers would like to compute effect size indexes based on the standardized mean difference to…

An Exploration of Computer Game-Based Instruction in the “World History” Class in Secondary Education: A Comparative Study in China

PubMed Central

Yu, Zhonggen; Yu, Wei Hua; Fan, Xiaohui; Wang, Xiao

2014-01-01

So far, many studies on educational games have been carried out in America and Europe. Very few related empirical studies, however, have been conducted in China. This study, combining both quantitative with qualitative research methods, possibly compensated for this regret. The study compared data collected from two randomly selected classes (out of 13 classes) under computer game-based instruction (CGBI) and non-computer game-based instruction (NCGBI), respectively, in a senior high school located in Nanjing, Capital of Jiangsu Province, in China. The participants were 103 students, composed of 52 boys and 51 girls (aged 17-18 years old). The following conclusion was reached: (1) participants under CGBI obtained significantly greater learning achievement than those under NCGBI; (2) participants were significantly more motivated by CGBI compared with NCGBI; (3) there were no significant differences in learning achievement between boys and girls; although (4) boys were significantly more motivated by CGBI than girls. Both disadvantages and advantages were discussed, together with directions for future research. PMID:24816635

An exploration of computer game-based instruction in the "world history" class in secondary education: a comparative study in China.

PubMed

Yu, Zhonggen; Yu, Wei Hua; Fan, Xiaohui; Wang, Xiao

2014-01-01

So far, many studies on educational games have been carried out in America and Europe. Very few related empirical studies, however, have been conducted in China. This study, combining both quantitative with qualitative research methods, possibly compensated for this regret. The study compared data collected from two randomly selected classes (out of 13 classes) under computer game-based instruction (CGBI) and non-computer game-based instruction (NCGBI), respectively, in a senior high school located in Nanjing, Capital of Jiangsu Province, in China. The participants were 103 students, composed of 52 boys and 51 girls (aged 17-18 years old). The following conclusion was reached: (1) participants under CGBI obtained significantly greater learning achievement than those under NCGBI; (2) participants were significantly more motivated by CGBI compared with NCGBI; (3) there were no significant differences in learning achievement between boys and girls; although (4) boys were significantly more motivated by CGBI than girls. Both disadvantages and advantages were discussed, together with directions for future research.

Robot Geometry and the High School Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meyer, Walter

1988-01-01

Description of the field of robotics and its possible use in high school computational geometry classes emphasizes motion planning exercises and computer graphics displays. Eleven geometrical problems based on robotics are presented along with the correct solutions and explanations. (LRW)

Discriminative components of data.

PubMed

Peltonen, Jaakko; Kaski, Samuel

2005-01-01

A simple probabilistic model is introduced to generalize classical linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in finding components that are informative of or relevant for data classes. The components maximize the predictability of the class distribution which is asymptotically equivalent to 1) maximizing mutual information with the classes, and 2) finding principal components in the so-called learning or Fisher metrics. The Fisher metric measures only distances that are relevant to the classes, that is, distances that cause changes in the class distribution. The components have applications in data exploration, visualization, and dimensionality reduction. In empirical experiments, the method outperformed, in addition to more classical methods, a Renyi entropy-based alternative while having essentially equivalent computational cost.

Multicategory Composite Least Squares Classifiers

PubMed Central

Park, Seo Young; Liu, Yufeng; Liu, Dacheng; Scholl, Paul

2010-01-01

Classification is a very useful statistical tool for information extraction. In particular, multicategory classification is commonly seen in various applications. Although binary classification problems are heavily studied, extensions to the multicategory case are much less so. In view of the increased complexity and volume of modern statistical problems, it is desirable to have multicategory classifiers that are able to handle problems with high dimensions and with a large number of classes. Moreover, it is necessary to have sound theoretical properties for the multicategory classifiers. In the literature, there exist several different versions of simultaneous multicategory Support Vector Machines (SVMs). However, the computation of the SVM can be difficult for large scale problems, especially for problems with large number of classes. Furthermore, the SVM cannot produce class probability estimation directly. In this article, we propose a novel efficient multicategory composite least squares classifier (CLS classifier), which utilizes a new composite squared loss function. The proposed CLS classifier has several important merits: efficient computation for problems with large number of classes, asymptotic consistency, ability to handle high dimensional data, and simple conditional class probability estimation. Our simulated and real examples demonstrate competitive performance of the proposed approach. PMID:21218128

Prediction of protein structural classes by Chou's pseudo amino acid composition: approached using continuous wavelet transform and principal component analysis.

PubMed

Li, Zhan-Chao; Zhou, Xi-Bin; Dai, Zong; Zou, Xiao-Yong

2009-07-01

A prior knowledge of protein structural classes can provide useful information about its overall structure, so it is very important for quick and accurate determination of protein structural class with computation method in protein science. One of the key for computation method is accurate protein sample representation. Here, based on the concept of Chou's pseudo-amino acid composition (AAC, Chou, Proteins: structure, function, and genetics, 43:246-255, 2001), a novel method of feature extraction that combined continuous wavelet transform (CWT) with principal component analysis (PCA) was introduced for the prediction of protein structural classes. Firstly, the digital signal was obtained by mapping each amino acid according to various physicochemical properties. Secondly, CWT was utilized to extract new feature vector based on wavelet power spectrum (WPS), which contains more abundant information of sequence order in frequency domain and time domain, and PCA was then used to reorganize the feature vector to decrease information redundancy and computational complexity. Finally, a pseudo-amino acid composition feature vector was further formed to represent primary sequence by coupling AAC vector with a set of new feature vector of WPS in an orthogonal space by PCA. As a showcase, the rigorous jackknife cross-validation test was performed on the working datasets. The results indicated that prediction quality has been improved, and the current approach of protein representation may serve as a useful complementary vehicle in classifying other attributes of proteins, such as enzyme family class, subcellular localization, membrane protein types and protein secondary structure, etc.

Language Choice among Peers in Project-Based Learning: A Hong Kong Case Study of English Language Learners' Plurilingual Practices in Out-of-Class Computer-Mediated Communication

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hafner, Christoph A.; Li, David C. S.; Miller, Lindsay

2015-01-01

Recently there has been considerable interest in the role of first language use in second/foreign language learning, especially where students share a common first language. However, most research has focused on in-class interaction between teachers and learners. Much less attention has been given to students' out-of-class practices, for example,…

Using "Audacity" and One Classroom Computer to Experiment with Timbre

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Kenneth H.

2011-01-01

One computer, one class, and one educator can be an effective combination to engage students as a group in music composition, performance, and analysis. Having one desktop computer and a television monitor in the music classroom is not an uncommon or new scenario, especially in a time when many school budgets are being cut. This article…

Quantum Computing

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-04-01

information representation and processing technology, although faster than the wheels and gears of the Charles Babbage computation machine, is still in...the same computational complexity class as the Babbage machine, with bits of information represented by entities which obey classical (non-quantum...nuclear double resonances Charles M Bowden and Jonathan P. Dowling Weapons Sciences Directorate, AMSMI-RD-WS-ST Missile Research, Development, and

Bringing Mohamed to the Mountain: Situated Professional Development in a Ubiquitous Computing Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swan, Karen; Kratcoski, Annette; Mazzer, Pat; Schenker, Jason

2005-01-01

This article describes an ongoing situated professional development program in which teachers bring their intact classes for an extended stay in a ubiquitous computing environment equipped with a variety of state-of-the-art computing devices. The experience is unique in that it not only situates teacher learning about technology integration in…

Statistical linearization for multi-input/multi-output nonlinearities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lin, Ching-An; Cheng, Victor H. L.

1991-01-01

Formulas are derived for the computation of the random input-describing functions for MIMO nonlinearities; these straightforward and rigorous derivations are based on the optimal mean square linear approximation. The computations involve evaluations of multiple integrals. It is shown that, for certain classes of nonlinearities, multiple-integral evaluations are obviated and the computations are significantly simplified.

An approximation formula for a class of fault-tolerant computers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

White, A. L.

1986-01-01

An approximation formula is derived for the probability of failure for fault-tolerant process-control computers. These computers use redundancy and reconfiguration to achieve high reliability. Finite-state Markov models capture the dynamic behavior of component failure and system recovery, and the approximation formula permits an estimation of system reliability by an easy examination of the model.

77 FR 2355 - Energy Conservation Program for Certain Industrial Equipment: Energy Conservation Standards and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-17

... any person wishing to bring a laptop computer into the Forrestal Building will be required to obtain a...; VRF water-source heat pumps at or greater than 135,000 Btu/h; and computer room air conditioners. DOE...-created classes of variable refrigerant flow air conditioners and heat pumps, ASHRAE 127 for computer room...

The Effects of Modern Mathematics Computer Games on Mathematics Achievement and Class Motivation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kebritchi, Mansureh; Hirumi, Atsusi; Bai, Haiyan

2010-01-01

This study examined the effects of a computer game on students' mathematics achievement and motivation, and the role of prior mathematics knowledge, computer skill, and English language skill on their achievement and motivation as they played the game. A total of 193 students and 10 teachers participated in this study. The teachers were randomly…

Enabling Customization through Web Development: An Iterative Study of the Dell Computer Corporation Website

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Chang; Mackie, Brian G.

2008-01-01

Throughout the last decade, companies have increased their investment in electronic commerce (EC) by developing and implementing Web-based applications on the Internet. This paper describes a class project to develop a customized computer website which is similar to Dell Computer Corporation's (Dell) website. The objective of this project is to…

Middle School Girls' Envisioned Future in Computing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friend, Michelle

2015-01-01

Experience is necessary but not sufficient to cause girls to envision a future career in computing. This study investigated the experiences and attitudes of girls who had taken three years of mandatory computer science classes in an all-girls setting in middle school, measured at the end of eighth grade. The one third of participants who were open…

Computer Security Models

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-09-01

Verification Technique for a Class of Security Kernels," International Symposium on Programming , Lecture Notes in Computer Science 137, Springer-Verlag, New York...September 1984 MTR9S31 " J. K. Millen Computer Security C. M. Cerniglia Models * 0 Ne c - ¢- C. S• ~CONTRACT SPONSOR OUSDRE/C31 & ESO/ALEE...ABSTRACT The purpose of this report is to provide a basis for evaluating security models in the context of secure computer system development

The Method of Immersion the Problem of Comparing Technical Objects in an Expert Shell in the Class of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sergey Vasilievich, Buharin; Aleksandr Vladimirovich, Melnikov; Svetlana Nikolaevna, Chernyaeva; Lyudmila Anatolievna, Korobova

2017-08-01

The method of dip of the underlying computational problem of comparing technical object in an expert shell in the class of data mining methods is examined. An example of using the proposed method is given.

Humanities On (the) line: Classrooms, Space, and the Supplement.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nunes, Mark

New technological advances, in particular the Internet, can alter the architectural limits that restrict education by providing "lines of flight" outside of traditional structures. For example, students can access a library catalogue using computers in class, rather than actually having to go as a class to the library. In a…

Use of FirstClass as a Collaborative Learning Environment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Persico, Donatella; Manca, Stefania

2000-01-01

Describes the use of SoftArc Intranet FirstClass, a collaborative learning environment that uses computer conferencing, and discusses pros and cons of choosing this system for running online courses from a distance. Presents case studies from Italy and presents viewpoints of students, tutors, designers and administrators. (Author/LRW)

An Evaluation of an Inquiry-Based Computer-Assisted Learning Environment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maor, Dorit; Fraser, Barry

1994-01-01

This study focused on students' development of inquiry skills in a computerized learning environment. Seven Year-11 classes (n=120) interacted with a computerized database, "Birds of Antarctica," and curriculum materials while the teacher used an inquiry approach to learning. Students perceived their classes as more investigative and…

Researching for Public Speaking Classes: Requiring Various Media.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenberg, Cindy A.

This paper presents steps for incorporating research into a community college public speaking class curriculum. It outlines, from an historical perspective, the different techniques and tools of research, including face-to-face contact, the printing press, modern machinery, and computers. It suggests discussing research surveys and taking students…

Developing the Vision: Preparing Teachers to Deliver a Digital World-Class Education System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane, Jenny M.

2012-01-01

In 2008 Australians were promised a "Digital Education Revolution" by the government to dramatically change classroom education and build a "world-class education system". Eight billion dollars have been spent providing computer equipment for upper secondary classrooms, yet there is little evidence that a revolution has…

Comparison and Enumeration of Chemical Graphs

PubMed Central

Akutsu, Tatsuya; Nagamochi, Hiroshi

2013-01-01

Chemical compounds are usually represented as graph structured data in computers. In this review article, we overview several graph classes relevant to chemical compounds and the computational complexities of several fundamental problems for these graph classes. In particular, we consider the following problems: determining whether two chemical graphs are identical, determining whether one input chemical graph is a part of the other input chemical graph, finding a maximum common part of two input graphs, finding a reaction atom mapping, enumerating possible chemical graphs, and enumerating stereoisomers. We also discuss the relationship between the fifth problem and kernel functions for chemical compounds. PMID:24688697

Some Pros and Cons of Laptop Use in Class

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harris, R. W.

2018-05-01

We did not have laptops or computer networks in schools in 1968, when I started teaching physics. When classroom computers became available, followed by the internet, I greeted them as great educational tools. I developed my own website in order to provide reference material and assignments for my students. I found that online assignments were more likely than traditional ones to be completed. I also had my own system making password-protected grades available online. The parents loved it. I began giving some tests online. However, there is a downside to laptop use in class.

Explicit robust schemes for implementation of a class of principal value-based constitutive models: Symbolic and numeric implementation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arnold, S. M.; Saleeb, A. F.; Tan, H. Q.; Zhang, Y.

1993-01-01

The issue of developing effective and robust schemes to implement a class of the Ogden-type hyperelastic constitutive models is addressed. To this end, special purpose functions (running under MACSYMA) are developed for the symbolic derivation, evaluation, and automatic FORTRAN code generation of explicit expressions for the corresponding stress function and material tangent stiffness tensors. These explicit forms are valid over the entire deformation range, since the singularities resulting from repeated principal-stretch values have been theoretically removed. The required computational algorithms are outlined, and the resulting FORTRAN computer code is presented.

Educational NASA Computational and Scientific Studies (enCOMPASS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Memarsadeghi, Nargess

2013-01-01

Educational NASA Computational and Scientific Studies (enCOMPASS) is an educational project of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center aimed at bridging the gap between computational objectives and needs of NASA's scientific research, missions, and projects, and academia's latest advances in applied mathematics and computer science. enCOMPASS achieves this goal via bidirectional collaboration and communication between NASA and academia. Using developed NASA Computational Case Studies in university computer science/engineering and applied mathematics classes is a way of addressing NASA's goals of contributing to the Science, Technology, Education, and Math (STEM) National Objective. The enCOMPASS Web site at http://encompass.gsfc.nasa.gov provides additional information. There are currently nine enCOMPASS case studies developed in areas of earth sciences, planetary sciences, and astrophysics. Some of these case studies have been published in AIP and IEEE's Computing in Science and Engineering magazines. A few university professors have used enCOMPASS case studies in their computational classes and contributed their findings to NASA scientists. In these case studies, after introducing the science area, the specific problem, and related NASA missions, students are first asked to solve a known problem using NASA data and past approaches used and often published in a scientific/research paper. Then, after learning about the NASA application and related computational tools and approaches for solving the proposed problem, students are given a harder problem as a challenge for them to research and develop solutions for. This project provides a model for NASA scientists and engineers on one side, and university students, faculty, and researchers in computer science and applied mathematics on the other side, to learn from each other's areas of work, computational needs and solutions, and the latest advances in research and development. This innovation takes NASA science and engineering applications to computer science and applied mathematics university classes, and makes NASA objectives part of the university curricula. There is great potential for growth and return on investment of this program to the point where every major university in the U.S. would use at least one of these case studies in one of their computational courses, and where every NASA scientist and engineer facing a computational challenge (without having resources or expertise to solve it) would use enCOMPASS to formulate the problem as a case study, provide it to a university, and get back their solutions and ideas.

Reviews, Software.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Science Teacher, 1988

1988-01-01

Reviews two computer software packages for use in physical science, physics, and chemistry classes. Includes "Physics of Model Rocketry" for Apple II, and "Black Box" for Apple II and IBM compatible computers. "Black Box" is designed to help students understand the concept of indirect evidence. (CW)

Discovery and optimization of p38 inhibitors via computer-assisted drug design.

PubMed

Goldberg, Daniel R; Hao, Ming-Hong; Qian, Kevin C; Swinamer, Alan D; Gao, Donghong A; Xiong, Zhaoming; Sarko, Chris; Berry, Angela; Lord, John; Magolda, Ronald L; Fadra, Tazmeen; Kroe, Rachel R; Kukulka, Alison; Madwed, Jeffrey B; Martin, Leslie; Pargellis, Christopher; Skow, Donna; Song, Jinhua J; Tan, Zhulin; Torcellini, Carol A; Zimmitti, Clare S; Yee, Nathan K; Moss, Neil

2007-08-23

Integration of computational methods, X-ray crystallography, and structure-activity relationships will be disclosed, which lead to a new class of p38 inhibitors that bind to p38 MAP kinase in a Phe out conformation.

Multi-class computational evolution: development, benchmark evaluation and application to RNA-Seq biomarker discovery.

PubMed

Crabtree, Nathaniel M; Moore, Jason H; Bowyer, John F; George, Nysia I

2017-01-01

A computational evolution system (CES) is a knowledge discovery engine that can identify subtle, synergistic relationships in large datasets. Pareto optimization allows CESs to balance accuracy with model complexity when evolving classifiers. Using Pareto optimization, a CES is able to identify a very small number of features while maintaining high classification accuracy. A CES can be designed for various types of data, and the user can exploit expert knowledge about the classification problem in order to improve discrimination between classes. These characteristics give CES an advantage over other classification and feature selection algorithms, particularly when the goal is to identify a small number of highly relevant, non-redundant biomarkers. Previously, CESs have been developed only for binary class datasets. In this study, we developed a multi-class CES. The multi-class CES was compared to three common feature selection and classification algorithms: support vector machine (SVM), random k-nearest neighbor (RKNN), and random forest (RF). The algorithms were evaluated on three distinct multi-class RNA sequencing datasets. The comparison criteria were run-time, classification accuracy, number of selected features, and stability of selected feature set (as measured by the Tanimoto distance). The performance of each algorithm was data-dependent. CES performed best on the dataset with the smallest sample size, indicating that CES has a unique advantage since the accuracy of most classification methods suffer when sample size is small. The multi-class extension of CES increases the appeal of its application to complex, multi-class datasets in order to identify important biomarkers and features.

Study between anb angle and wits appraisal in cone beam computed tomography (cbct)

PubMed Central

Cibrián, Rosa; Gandia, Jose L.; Paredes, Vanessa

2013-01-01

Objectives: To analyse the ANB and Wits values and to study correlations between those two measurements and other measurements in diagnosing the anteroposterior maxilo-mandibular relationship with CBCT. Study Design: Ninety patients who had previously a CBCT (i-CAT®) as a diagnostic register were selected. A 3D cephalometry was designed using one software package, InVivo5®. This cephalometry included 3 planes of reference, 3 angle measurements and 1 linear measurement. The means and standard deviations of the mean of each measurement were assessed. After that, a Pearson´s correlation coefficient has been performed to analyse the significance of each relationship. Results: When classifying the sample according to the anteroposterior relationship, the values obtained of ANB (Class I: 53%; Class II: 37%; Class III: 10%) and Wits (Class I: 35%; Class II: 56%; Class III: 9%) did not coincide, except for the Class III group. However, of the patients classified differently (Class I and Class II patients) by ANB and Wits, a high percentage of individuals (n=22; 49%), had a mesofacial pattern with a mandibular plane angle within normal values. A correlation has been found between ANB and Wits (r=0,262), occlusal plane angle and ANB (r=0,426), and mandibular plane angle and Wits (r=0,242). No correlation was found between either Wits or ANB in relation with the age of the individuals. Conclusions: ANB and Wits must be included in 3D cephalometric analyses as both are necessary to undertake a more accurate diagnosis of the maxillo-mandibular relationship of the patients. Key words:Cone beam computed tomography, ANB, Wits, cephalometrics. PMID:23722136

Diversity and evolution of class 2 CRISPR–Cas systems

PubMed Central

Shmakov, Sergey; Smargon, Aaron; Scott, David; Cox, David; Pyzocha, Neena; Yan, Winston; Abudayyeh, Omar O.; Gootenberg, Jonathan S.; Makarova, Kira S.; Wolf, Yuri I.; Severinov, Konstantin; Zhang, Feng; Koonin, Eugene V.

2018-01-01

Class 2 CRISPR–Cas systems are characterized by effector modules that consist of a single multidomain protein, such as Cas9 or Cpf1. We designed a computational pipeline for the discovery of novel class 2 variants and used it to identify six new CRISPR–Cas subtypes. The diverse properties of these new systems provide potential for the development of versatile tools for genome editing and regulation. In this Analysis article, we present a comprehensive census of class 2 types and class 2 subtypes in complete and draft bacterial and archaeal genomes, outline evolutionary scenarios for the independent origin of different class 2 CRISPR–Cas systems from mobile genetic elements, and propose an amended classification and nomenclature of CRISPR–Cas. PMID:28111461

Undergraduate optics program for the 21st Century

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Palmer, James M.

2002-05-01

We have been offering a successful BS degree in optical engineering for the past ten years. We have produced more than 100 graduates, highly trained in basic optics and electronics. Our Industrial Affiliates, while very pleased with our graduates, requested that we produce some with greater mechanical engineering skills and knowledge. Our response was the creation of a new degree program, retaining the virtues of the previous one, but allowing a high degree of flexibility through the inclusion of minors within the program. The new program allows sufficient room for a variety of minors. Engineering minors identified include aerospace, computer, electrical, materials and mechanical. Science minors include astronomy, computer science, math and physics. Non-science minors accommodated include business, pre-health and pre-law. The new BSO program features: (1) Better structure and flow, more tightly coupling related classes; (2) New laboratory classes for juniors, linked to lecture classes; (3) Expanded optical deign, fabrication and testing classes; (4) New class in electronics for optics; (5) New classes in fiber optics and optical communications; (6) New capstone/senior project class for ABET compliance. This new BSO program will produce better entry-level optical scientists and engineers, and better candidates for graduate school. Our interactions with the external community will provide inputs concerning industrial needs, leading towards improved student counseling and program development. We will better serve national needs for skilled personnel in optics, and contribute even more to the optics workforce pipeline.

Optimization of computations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mikhalevich, V.S.; Sergienko, I.V.; Zadiraka, V.K.

1994-11-01

This article examines some topics of optimization of computations, which have been discussed at 25 seminar-schools and symposia organized by the V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences since 1969. We describe the main directions in the development of computational mathematics and present some of our own results that reflect a certain design conception of speed-optimal and accuracy-optimal (or nearly optimal) algorithms for various classes of problems, as well as a certain approach to optimization of computer computations.

The Application of Web-based Computer-assisted Instruction Courseware within Health Assessment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiuyan, Guo

Health assessment is a clinical nursing course and places emphasis on clinical skills. The application of computer-assisted instruction in the field of nursing teaching solved the problems in the traditional lecture class. This article stated teaching experience of web-based computer-assisted instruction, based upon a two-year study of computer-assisted instruction courseware use within the course health assessment. The computer-assisted instruction courseware could develop teaching structure, simulate clinical situations, create teaching situations and facilitate students study.

Active site nanospace of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase: difference between the class I and class II synthetases.

PubMed

Dutta, Saheb; Choudhury, Kaberi; Banik, Sindrila Dutta; Nandi, Nilashis

2014-03-01

The present work is aimed at understanding the origin of the difference in the molecular organization of the active site nanospaces of the class I and class II aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) which are tunnel-like structures. The active site encloses the cognate amino acid (AA) and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to carry out aminoacylation reaction. Comparison of the structures of the active site of the class I and class II (aaRSs) shows that the nanodimensional tunnels are curved in opposite directions in the two classes. We investigated the origin of this difference using quantum mechanical computation of electrostatic potential (ESP) of substrates, surrounding residues and ions, using Atoms in Molecule (AIM) Theory and charge population analysis. We show that the difference is principally due to the variation in the spatial charge distribution of ATP in the two classes which correspond to extended and bent conformations of ATP. The present computation shows that the most feasible pathway for nucleophilic attack to alphaP is oppositely directed for class I and class II aaRSs. The available crystal structures show that the cognate AA is indeed located along the channel favorable for nucleophilic attack as predicted by the ESP analysis. It is also shown that the direction of the channel changes its orientation when the orientation of ATP is changed from extended to a bent like structure. We further used the AIM theory to confirm the direction of the approach of AA in each case and the results corroborate the results from the ESP analysis. The opposite curvatures of the active site nanospaces in class I and class II aaRSs are related with the influence of the charge distributions of the extended and bent conformations of ATP, respectively. The results of the computation of electrostatic potential by successive addition of active site residues show that their roles on the reaction are similar in both classes despite the difference in the organization of the active sites of class I and class II aaRSs. The difference in mechanism in two classes as pointed out in recent study (S. Dutta Banik and N. Nandi, J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 30, 701 (2012)) is related with the fact that the relative arrangement of the ATP with respect to the AA is opposite in class I and class II aaRSs as explained in the present work. The charge population difference between the reacting centers (which are the alphaP atom of ATP (q(p)) and the attacking oxygen atom of carboxylic acid group (q(o)), respectively) denoted by delta(q), is a measure of the propensity of nucleophilic attack. The population analysis of the substrate AA shows that a non-negligible difference exists between the attacking oxygens of AA in class I (syn) and in class II (anti) which is one reason for the lower value of delta(q) in class II relative to class I. The population analysis of the AA, ATP, Mg+2 ions and active site residues shows that the difference in delta(q) values of the two classes is substantially reduced. When ions and residues are considered. Thus, the bent state of ATP, Mg+2 ions and active site residues complements it cognate AA to carry out the nucleophilic reaction in class I as efficiently as occurs in class I (with the extended state of ATP, single Mg+2 ion and active site residues). This could be one reason for the two different conformations of ATP in the two classes. The mutual arrangements of AA and ATP in each aaRS are guided by the spatial charge distribution of ATP (extended and bent). The present work shows that the construction of nanospace complements the arrangement of the substrate (AA and ATP).

Bring the "Real World" into the Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perkins, Joyce

1991-01-01

Discusses one teacher's methods for familiarizing vocational education students in a business computer applications class with computers. Describes a Christmas project in which the students became Santa's elves to elementary children in the telecommunications community. Describes the project's expansion into an overseas communications service…

Computer-aided decision making.

Treesearch

Keith M. Reynolds; Daniel L. Schmoldt

2006-01-01

Several major classes of software technologies have been used in decisionmaking for forest management applications over the past few decades. These computer-based technologies include mathematical programming, expert systems, network models, multi-criteria decisionmaking, and integrated systems. Each technology possesses unique advantages and disadvantages, and has...

Barriers and Incentives to Computer Usage in Teaching

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-09-29

classes with one or two computers. Research Methods The two major methods of data-gathering employed in this study were intensive and extensive classroom ... observation and repeated extended interviews with students and teachers. Administrators were also interviewed when appropriate. Classroom observers used

Computer Assisted Cytologic Assessment,

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-12-27

Surg 19. 684- 690. King, 0. H., Jr. (1971) Cytology - Its Value In the Diagnosis of Oral Cancer . Dent Clin North Am 15, 617-8214. Koss, 1. G., Bartels...Its Value In the Diagnosis of Oral Cancer . Dent Clin North Am 15, 8074815. Shapiro, B. L. Corlin, R. J. and Jordan, W.A. (19614) The Role of...Exfoliative Cytology in Oral Cancer Detection. Oral Surg 17. 327-330. TABLE I CATEGORIZATION ACCORDING TO NUCLEAR:CYTOPLASMIC RATIOS CLASS I CLASS II CLASS III

A qualitative study of technophobic students' reactions to a technology-rich college science course

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guttschow, Gena Lee

The use of technology in education has grown rapidly in the last 20 years. In fact, many of today's college students have had some sort of computer in their elementary school classrooms. One might think that this consistent exposure to computers would foster positive attitudes about computers but this is not always the case. Currently, a substantial number of college students dislike interacting with technology. People who dislike interacting with technology are often referred to as "technophobic". Technophobic people have negative thoughts and feelings about technology and they often have a desire to avoid interaction with technology. Technophobic students' negative feelings about technology have the potential to interfere with their learning when technology is utilized as a tool for instruction of school subjects. As computer use becomes prevalent and in many instances mandatory in education, the issue of technophobia increasingly needs to be understood and addressed. This is a qualitative study designed with the intent of gaining an understanding the experiences of technophobic students who are required to use technology to learn science in a college class. Six developmental college students enrolled in a computer based anatomy and physiology class were chosen to participate in the study based on their high technophobia scores. They were interviewed three times during the quarter and videotaped once. The interview data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed. The analysis resulted in six case studies describing each participant's experience and 11 themes representing overlapping areas in the participants' worlds of experience. A discussion of the themes, the meaning they hold for me as a science educator and how they relate to the existing literature, is presented. The participants' descriptions of their experiences showed that the technophobic students did use the computers and learned skills when they had to in order to complete assignments. It was also revealed that the technophobic participants' negative attitudes did not improve after learning computer skills. Lastly, based on the participants' experiences it seems important to start a class with step-by step computer training, teaching foundational computer skills, and slowly progress towards autonomous computer exploration.

MPL-A program for computations with iterated integrals on moduli spaces of curves of genus zero

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bogner, Christian

2016-06-01

We introduce the Maple program MPL for computations with multiple polylogarithms. The program is based on homotopy invariant iterated integrals on moduli spaces M0,n of curves of genus 0 with n ordered marked points. It includes the symbol map and procedures for the analytic computation of period integrals on M0,n. It supports the automated computation of a certain class of Feynman integrals.

Fostering Girls' Computer Literacy through Laptop Learning: Can Mobile Computers Help To Level Out the Gender Difference?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schaumburg, Heike

The goal of this study was to find out if the difference between boys and girls in computer literacy can be leveled out in a laptop program where each student has his/her own mobile computer to work with at home and at school. Ninth grade students (n=113) from laptop and non-laptop classes in a German high school were tested for their computer…

Seismic Data Analysis throught Multi-Class Classification.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, P.; Kappedal, R. D.; Magana-Zook, S. A.

2017-12-01

In this research, we conducted twenty experiments of varying time and frequency bands on 5000seismic signals with the intent of finding a method to classify signals as either an explosion or anearthquake in an automated fashion. We used a multi-class approach by clustering of the data throughvarious techniques. Dimensional reduction was examined through the use of wavelet transforms withthe use of the coiflet mother wavelet and various coefficients to explore possible computational time vsaccuracy dependencies. Three and four classes were generated from the clustering techniques andexamined with the three class approach producing the most accurate and realistic results.

The Effects of One-to-One Computing for Students with Disabilities in an Inclusive Language Arts Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cowley, Billie Jo

2013-01-01

Technology has become increasingly prominent in schools. The purpose of this study was to examine the integration of technology with students with disabilities, particularly the use of one-to-one computing when used in inclusive classrooms. This study took a qualitative approach exploring how one teacher integrated one-to-one computing into her…

A Qualitative Study of Students' Computational Thinking Skills in a Data-Driven Computing Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yuen, Timothy T.; Robbins, Kay A.

2014-01-01

Critical thinking, problem solving, the use of tools, and the ability to consume and analyze information are important skills for the 21st century workforce. This article presents a qualitative case study that follows five undergraduate biology majors in a computer science course (CS0). This CS0 course teaches programming within a data-driven…

Narrating Data Structures: The Role of Context in CS2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yarosh, Svetlana; Guzdial, Mark

2008-01-01

Learning computing with respect to the context of its use has been linked in previous reports to student motivation in introductory Computer Science (CS) courses. In this report, we consider the role of context in a second course. We present a case study of a CS2 data structures class that uses a media computation context. In this course, students…

A Comparative Study of Paper-Based and Computer-Based Contextualization in Vocabulary Learning of EFL Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ahmadian, Mousa; Amerian, Majid; Goodarzi, Ahmad

2015-01-01

Vocabulary acquisition is one of the largest and most important tasks in language classes. New technologies, such as computers, have helped a lot in this way. The importance of the issue led the researchers to do the present study which concerns the comparison of contextualized vocabulary learning on paper and through Computer Assisted Language…

Effect of Physical Education Teachers' Computer Literacy on Technology Use in Physical Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kretschmann, Rolf

2015-01-01

Teachers' computer literacy has been identified as a factor that determines their technology use in class. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical education (PE) teachers' computer literacy and their technology use in PE. The study group consisted of 57 high school level in-service PE teachers. A survey was used…

Parallel computing in enterprise modeling.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goldsby, Michael E.; Armstrong, Robert C.; Shneider, Max S.

2008-08-01

This report presents the results of our efforts to apply high-performance computing to entity-based simulations with a multi-use plugin for parallel computing. We use the term 'Entity-based simulation' to describe a class of simulation which includes both discrete event simulation and agent based simulation. What simulations of this class share, and what differs from more traditional models, is that the result sought is emergent from a large number of contributing entities. Logistic, economic and social simulations are members of this class where things or people are organized or self-organize to produce a solution. Entity-based problems never have an a priorimore » ergodic principle that will greatly simplify calculations. Because the results of entity-based simulations can only be realized at scale, scalable computing is de rigueur for large problems. Having said that, the absence of a spatial organizing principal makes the decomposition of the problem onto processors problematic. In addition, practitioners in this domain commonly use the Java programming language which presents its own problems in a high-performance setting. The plugin we have developed, called the Parallel Particle Data Model, overcomes both of these obstacles and is now being used by two Sandia frameworks: the Decision Analysis Center, and the Seldon social simulation facility. While the ability to engage U.S.-sized problems is now available to the Decision Analysis Center, this plugin is central to the success of Seldon. Because Seldon relies on computationally intensive cognitive sub-models, this work is necessary to achieve the scale necessary for realistic results. With the recent upheavals in the financial markets, and the inscrutability of terrorist activity, this simulation domain will likely need a capability with ever greater fidelity. High-performance computing will play an important part in enabling that greater fidelity.« less

A NEW APPROACH TO CLASS SCHEDULING. FINAL REPORT.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

CANTER, JOHN; AND OTHERS

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF A PROTOTYPE DEVICE FOR CLASS SCHEDULING WAS MADE. THE BEEKLEY INSITE DEVICE THAT WAS STUDIED USES THE "PEEK-A-BOO" PRINCIPLE OF MATCHING COMPUTER TAPES. A TEST GROUP OF 149 GRADUATE STUDENTS WAS USED. THEIR DESIRED SCHEDULES WERE MATCHED AUTOMATICALLY AGAINST A PROPOSED MASTER SCHEDULE TO EVALUATE THE…

Project Hill-Climb: Drafting and Design in Motion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crowl, William F.

2008-01-01

This article describes the Hill-Climb project of a second level Computer-Aided Drafting and Design (CADD) class. The author primarily designed the activity to increase student understanding of the assembly drawing process and its components. The emphasis on problem solving adds a dimension that can aid students in their other classes as well. By…

Teaching Stimulus Classes to Encourage Independent Purchasing by Students with Severe Behavior Disorders.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gardill, M. Cathleen; Browder, Diane M.

1995-01-01

Three students (ages 12 and 13) with developmental disabilities and severe behavior disorders were taught independent purchasing skills. To bypass the need for money computation skills, discrimination between three stimulus classes of frequent purchases (vending machine snack, convenience store snack, lunch) were trained. Two students mastered the…

The Virtual Lecture Hall: Utilisation, Effectiveness and Student Perceptions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cramer, Kenneth M.; Collins, Kandice R.; Snider, Don; Fawcett, Graham

2007-01-01

We presently introduce the Virtual Lecture Hall (VLH), an instructional computer-based platform for delivering Microsoft PowerPoint slides threaded with audio clips for later review. There were 839 male and female university students enrolled in an introductory psychology class who had access to review class lectures via the VLH. This tool was…

Beyond Introductory Programming: Success Factors for Advanced Programming

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoskey, Arthur; Maurino, Paula San Millan

2011-01-01

Numerous studies document high drop-out and failure rates for students in computer programming classes. Studies show that even when some students pass programming classes, they still do not know how to program. Many factors have been considered to explain this problem including gender, age, prior programming experience, major, math background,…

To Enhance Collaborative Learning and Practice Network Knowledge with a Virtualization Laboratory and Online Synchronous Discussion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hwang, Wu-Yuin; Kongcharoen, Chaknarin; Ghinea, Gheorghita

2014-01-01

Recently, various computer networking courses have included additional laboratory classes in order to enhance students' learning achievement. However, these classes need to establish a suitable laboratory where each student can connect network devices to configure and test functions within different network topologies. In this case, the Linux…

A Web-Based Tutor for Java™: Evidence of Meaningful Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Emurian, Henry H.

2006-01-01

Students in a graduate class and an undergraduate class in Information Systems completed a Web-based programmed instruction tutor that taught a simple Java applet as the first technical training exercise in a computer programming course. The tutor is a competency-based instructional system for individualized distance learning. When a student…

Produce Live News Broadcasts Using Standard AV Equipment: A Success Story from the Le Center High School in Minnesota.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rostad, John

1997-01-01

Describes the production of news broadcasts on video by a high school class in Le Center, Minnesota. Topics include software for Apple computers, equipment used, student responsibilities, class curriculum, group work, communication among the production crew, administrative and staff support, and future improvements. (LRW)

Adding Interactivity to a Non-Interative Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rogers, Gary; Krichen, Jack

2004-01-01

The IT 3050 course at Capella University is an introduction to fundamental computer networking. This course is one of the required courses in the Bachelor of Science in Information Technology program. In order to provide a more enriched learning environment for learners, Capella has significantly modified this class (and others) by infusing it…

Perspective on Flipping Circuits I

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Gloria J.; Patrick, Erin E.; Srivastava, Ramakant; Law, Mark E.

2014-01-01

A flipped-classroom approach was implemented in a Circuits I class for electrical and computer engineering majors to lower its high attrition and failure rate. Students were asked to watch online lectures and then come to class prepared to work problems in small groups of four. The attitude, retention, and performance of students in the flipped…

Object-Oriented Programming in High Schools the Turing Way.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holt, Richard C.

This paper proposes an approach to introducing object-oriented concepts to high school computer science students using the Object-Oriented Turing (OOT) language. Students can learn about basic object-oriented (OO) principles such as classes and inheritance by using and expanding a collection of classes that draw pictures like circles and happy…

[Morphological analysis of alveolar bone of anterior mandible in high-angle skeletal class II and class III malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography].

PubMed

Ma, J; Jiang, J H

2018-02-18

To evaluate the difference of features of alveolar bone support under lower anterior teeth between high-angle adults with skeletal class II malocclusions and high-angle adults presenting skeletal class III malocclusions by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Patients who had taken the images of CBCT were selected from the Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology between October 2015 and August 2017. The CBCT archives from 62 high-angle adult cases without orthodontic treatment were divided into two groups based on their sagittal jaw relationships: skeletal class II and skeletal class III. vertical bone level (VBL), alveolar bone area (ABA), and the width of alveolar bone were measured respectively at the 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) level and at the apical level. After that, independent samples t-tests were conducted for statistical comparisons. The ABA of the mandibular alveolar bone in the area of lower anterior teeth was significantly thinner in the patients of skeletal class III than those of skeletal class II, especially in terms of the apical ABA, total ABA on the labial and lingual sides and the ABA at 6 mm below CEJ level on the lingual side (P<0.05). The thickness of the alveolar bone of mandibular anterior teeth was significantly thinner in the subjects of skeletal class III than those of skeletal class II, especially regarding the apical level on the labial and lingual side and at the level of 4 mm, 6 mm below CEJ level on the lingual side (P<0.05). The ABA and the thickness of the alveolar bone of mandibular anterior teeth were significantly thinner in the group of skeletal class III adult patients with high-angle when compared with the sample of high-angle skeletal class II adult cases. We recommend orthodontists to be more cautious in treatment of high-angle skeletal class III patients, especially pay attention to control the torque of lower anterior teeth during forward and backward movement, in case that the apical root might be absorbed or fenestration happen in the area of lower anterior teeth.

Network-based stochastic semisupervised learning.

PubMed

Silva, Thiago Christiano; Zhao, Liang

2012-03-01

Semisupervised learning is a machine learning approach that is able to employ both labeled and unlabeled samples in the training process. In this paper, we propose a semisupervised data classification model based on a combined random-preferential walk of particles in a network (graph) constructed from the input dataset. The particles of the same class cooperate among themselves, while the particles of different classes compete with each other to propagate class labels to the whole network. A rigorous model definition is provided via a nonlinear stochastic dynamical system and a mathematical analysis of its behavior is carried out. A numerical validation presented in this paper confirms the theoretical predictions. An interesting feature brought by the competitive-cooperative mechanism is that the proposed model can achieve good classification rates while exhibiting low computational complexity order in comparison to other network-based semisupervised algorithms. Computer simulations conducted on synthetic and real-world datasets reveal the effectiveness of the model.

Self-organized perturbations enhance class IV behavior and 1/f power spectrum in elementary cellular automata.

PubMed

Nakajima, Kohei; Haruna, Taichi

2011-09-01

In this paper, we propose a new class of cellular automata based on the modification of its state space. It is introduced to model a computation which is exposed to an environment. We formalized the computation as extension and projection processes of its state space and resulting misidentifications of the state. This is motivated to embed the role of an environment into the system itself, which naturally induces self-organized internal perturbations rather than the usual external perturbations. Implementing this structure into the elementary cellular automata, we characterized its effect by means of input entropy and power spectral analysis. As a result, the cellular automata with this structure showed robust class IV behavior and a 1/f power spectrum in a wide range of rule space comparative to the notion of the edge of chaos. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

PLANS; a finite element program for nonlinear analysis of structures. Volume 2: User's manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pifko, A.; Armen, H., Jr.; Levy, A.; Levine, H.

1977-01-01

The PLANS system, rather than being one comprehensive computer program, is a collection of finite element programs used for the nonlinear analysis of structures. This collection of programs evolved and is based on the organizational philosophy in which classes of analyses are treated individually based on the physical problem class to be analyzed. Each of the independent finite element computer programs of PLANS, with an associated element library, can be individually loaded and used to solve the problem class of interest. A number of programs have been developed for material nonlinear behavior alone and for combined geometric and material nonlinear behavior. The usage, capabilities, and element libraries of the current programs include: (1) plastic analysis of built-up structures where bending and membrane effects are significant, (2) three dimensional elastic-plastic analysis, (3) plastic analysis of bodies of revolution, and (4) material and geometric nonlinear analysis of built-up structures.

Towards a computer-aided diagnosis system for vocal cord diseases.

PubMed

Verikas, A; Gelzinis, A; Bacauskiene, M; Uloza, V

2006-01-01

The objective of this work is to investigate a possibility of creating a computer-aided decision support system for an automated analysis of vocal cord images aiming to categorize diseases of vocal cords. The problem is treated as a pattern recognition task. To obtain a concise and informative representation of a vocal cord image, colour, texture, and geometrical features are used. The representation is further analyzed by a pattern classifier categorizing the image into healthy, diffuse, and nodular classes. The approach developed was tested on 785 vocal cord images collected at the Department of Otolaryngology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Lithuania. A correct classification rate of over 87% was obtained when categorizing a set of unseen images into the aforementioned three classes. Bearing in mind the high similarity of the decision classes, the results obtained are rather encouraging and the developed tools could be very helpful for assuring objective analysis of the images of laryngeal diseases.

Physics education through computational tools: the case of geometrical and physical optics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodríguez, Y.; Santana, A.; Mendoza, L. M.

2013-09-01

Recently, with the development of more powerful and accurate computational tools, the inclusion of new didactic materials in the classroom is known to have increased. However, the form in which these materials can be used to enhance the learning process is still under debate. Many different methodologies have been suggested for constructing new relevant curricular material and, among them, just-in-time teaching (JiTT) has arisen as an effective and successful way to improve the content of classes. In this paper, we will show the implemented pedagogic strategies for the courses of geometrical and optical physics for students of optometry. Thus, the use of the GeoGebra software for the geometrical optics class and the employment of new in-house software for the physical optics class created using the high-level programming language Python is shown with the corresponding activities developed for each of these applets.

Contribution of sublinear and supralinear dendritic integration to neuronal computations

PubMed Central

Tran-Van-Minh, Alexandra; Cazé, Romain D.; Abrahamsson, Therése; Cathala, Laurence; Gutkin, Boris S.; DiGregorio, David A.

2015-01-01

Nonlinear dendritic integration is thought to increase the computational ability of neurons. Most studies focus on how supralinear summation of excitatory synaptic responses arising from clustered inputs within single dendrites result in the enhancement of neuronal firing, enabling simple computations such as feature detection. Recent reports have shown that sublinear summation is also a prominent dendritic operation, extending the range of subthreshold input-output (sI/O) transformations conferred by dendrites. Like supralinear operations, sublinear dendritic operations also increase the repertoire of neuronal computations, but feature extraction requires different synaptic connectivity strategies for each of these operations. In this article we will review the experimental and theoretical findings describing the biophysical determinants of the three primary classes of dendritic operations: linear, sublinear, and supralinear. We then review a Boolean algebra-based analysis of simplified neuron models, which provides insight into how dendritic operations influence neuronal computations. We highlight how neuronal computations are critically dependent on the interplay of dendritic properties (morphology and voltage-gated channel expression), spiking threshold and distribution of synaptic inputs carrying particular sensory features. Finally, we describe how global (scattered) and local (clustered) integration strategies permit the implementation of similar classes of computations, one example being the object feature binding problem. PMID:25852470

Identification of probabilities.

PubMed

Vitányi, Paul M B; Chater, Nick

2017-02-01

Within psychology, neuroscience and artificial intelligence, there has been increasing interest in the proposal that the brain builds probabilistic models of sensory and linguistic input: that is, to infer a probabilistic model from a sample. The practical problems of such inference are substantial: the brain has limited data and restricted computational resources. But there is a more fundamental question: is the problem of inferring a probabilistic model from a sample possible even in principle? We explore this question and find some surprisingly positive and general results. First, for a broad class of probability distributions characterized by computability restrictions, we specify a learning algorithm that will almost surely identify a probability distribution in the limit given a finite i.i.d. sample of sufficient but unknown length. This is similarly shown to hold for sequences generated by a broad class of Markov chains, subject to computability assumptions. The technical tool is the strong law of large numbers. Second, for a large class of dependent sequences, we specify an algorithm which identifies in the limit a computable measure for which the sequence is typical, in the sense of Martin-Löf (there may be more than one such measure). The technical tool is the theory of Kolmogorov complexity. We analyze the associated predictions in both cases. We also briefly consider special cases, including language learning, and wider theoretical implications for psychology.

Cloud Collaboration: Cloud-Based Instruction for Business Writing Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lin, Charlie; Yu, Wei-Chieh Wayne; Wang, Jenny

2014-01-01

Cloud computing technologies, such as Google Docs, Adobe Creative Cloud, Dropbox, and Microsoft Windows Live, have become increasingly appreciated to the next generation digital learning tools. Cloud computing technologies encourage students' active engagement, collaboration, and participation in their learning, facilitate group work, and support…

Computer program analyzes Buckling Of Shells Of Revolution with various wall construction, BOSOR

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Almroth, B. O.; Bushnell, D.; Sobel, L. H.

1968-01-01

Computer program performs stability analyses for a wide class of shells without unduly restrictive approximations. The program uses numerical integration, finite difference of finite element techniques to solve with reasonable accuracy almost any buckling problem for shells exhibiting orthotropic behavior.

Learning Strategies and Hypermedia Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hartley, Kendall

2001-01-01

Investigated the potential of incorporating learning strategy instruction into hypermedia learning materials in a high school computer class. Discusses results of a six-week intervention where the experimental group participated in learning strategy training in conjunction with hypermedia computer networking lessons and reports results of pre- and…

Can Humans Fly Action Understanding with Multiple Classes of Actors

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-08

recognition using structure from motion point clouds. In European Conference on Computer Vision, 2008. [5] R. Caruana. Multitask learning. Machine Learning...tonomous driving ? the kitti vision benchmark suite. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2012. [12] L. Gorelick, M. Blank

7 CFR 4290.1840 - Computation of RBIC's Capital Impairment Percentage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... (d) How to compute your Adjusted Unrealized Gain. (1) Subtract Unrealized Depreciation from Unrealized Appreciation. This is your “Net Appreciation”. (2) Determine your Unrealized Appreciation on Publicly Traded and Marketable securities. This is your ”Class I Appreciation”. (3) Determine your...

Goethe Gossips with Grass: Using Computer Chatting Software in an Introductory Literature Course.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fraser, Catherine C.

1999-01-01

Students in a third-year introduction to German literature course chatted over networked computers, using "FirstClass" software. A brief description of the course design is provided with detailed information on how the three chat sessions were organized. (Author/VWL)

de novo computational enzyme design.

PubMed

Zanghellini, Alexandre

2014-10-01

Recent advances in systems and synthetic biology as well as metabolic engineering are poised to transform industrial biotechnology by allowing us to design cell factories for the sustainable production of valuable fuels and chemicals. To deliver on their promises, such cell factories, as much as their brick-and-mortar counterparts, will require appropriate catalysts, especially for classes of reactions that are not known to be catalyzed by enzymes in natural organisms. A recently developed methodology, de novo computational enzyme design can be used to create enzymes catalyzing novel reactions. Here we review the different classes of chemical reactions for which active protein catalysts have been designed as well as the results of detailed biochemical and structural characterization studies. We also discuss how combining de novo computational enzyme design with more traditional protein engineering techniques can alleviate the shortcomings of state-of-the-art computational design techniques and create novel enzymes with catalytic proficiencies on par with natural enzymes. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Impact of Internet Virtual Physics Laboratory Instruction on the Achievement in Physics, Science Process Skills and Computer Attitudes of 10th-Grade Students

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Kun-Yuan; Heh, Jia-Sheng

2007-10-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the impact of Internet Virtual Physics Laboratory (IVPL) instruction with traditional laboratory instruction in physics academic achievement, performance of science process skills, and computer attitudes of tenth grade students. One-hundred and fifty students from four classes at one private senior high school in Taoyuan Country, Taiwan, R.O.C. were sampled. All four classes contained 75 students who were equally divided into an experimental group and a control group. The pre-test results indicated that the students' entry-level physics academic achievement, science process skills, and computer attitudes were equal for both groups. On the post-test, the experimental group achieved significantly higher mean scores in physics academic achievement and science process skills. There was no significant difference in computer attitudes between the groups. We concluded that the IVPL had potential to help tenth graders improve their physics academic achievement and science process skills.

Tai chi/yoga effects on anxiety, heartrate, EEG and math computations.

PubMed

Field, Tiffany; Diego, Miguel; Hernandez-Reif, Maria

2010-11-01

To determine the immediate effects of a combined form of Tai chi/yoga. 38 adults participated in a 20-min Tai chi/yoga class. The session was comprised of standing Tai chi movements, balancing poses and a short Tai chi form and 10 min of standing, sitting and lying down yoga poses. The pre- and post- Tai chi/yoga effects were assessed using the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI), EKG, EEG and math computations. Heartrate increased during the session, as would be expected for this moderate-intensity exercise. Changes from pre to post-session assessments suggested increased relaxation including decreased anxiety and a trend for increased EEG theta activity. The increased relaxation may have contributed to the increased speed and accuracy noted on math computations following the Tai chi/yoga class. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dynamic Transportation Navigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meng, Xiaofeng; Chen, Jidong

Miniaturization of computing devices, and advances in wireless communication and sensor technology are some of the forces that are propagating computing from the stationary desktop to the mobile outdoors. Some important classes of new applications that will be enabled by this revolutionary development include intelligent traffic management, location-based services, tourist services, mobile electronic commerce, and digital battlefield. Some existing application classes that will benefit from the development include transportation and air traffic control, weather forecasting, emergency response, mobile resource management, and mobile workforce. Location management, i.e., the management of transient location information, is an enabling technology for all these applications. In this chapter, we present the applications of moving objects management and their functionalities, in particular, the application of dynamic traffic navigation, which is a challenge due to the highly variable traffic state and the requirement of fast, on-line computations.

Computer-aided modeling and prediction of performance of the modified Lundell class of alternators in space station solar dynamic power systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Demerdash, Nabeel A. O.; Wang, Ren-Hong

1988-01-01

The main purpose of this project is the development of computer-aided models for purposes of studying the effects of various design changes on the parameters and performance characteristics of the modified Lundell class of alternators (MLA) as components of a solar dynamic power system supplying electric energy needs in the forthcoming space station. Key to this modeling effort is the computation of magnetic field distribution in MLAs. Since the nature of the magnetic field is three-dimensional, the first step in the investigation was to apply the finite element method to discretize volume, using the tetrahedron as the basic 3-D element. Details of the stator 3-D finite element grid are given. A preliminary look at the early stage of a 3-D rotor grid is presented.

Control aspects of quantum computing using pure and mixed states.

PubMed

Schulte-Herbrüggen, Thomas; Marx, Raimund; Fahmy, Amr; Kauffman, Louis; Lomonaco, Samuel; Khaneja, Navin; Glaser, Steffen J

2012-10-13

Steering quantum dynamics such that the target states solve classically hard problems is paramount to quantum simulation and computation. And beyond, quantum control is also essential to pave the way to quantum technologies. Here, important control techniques are reviewed and presented in a unified frame covering quantum computational gate synthesis and spectroscopic state transfer alike. We emphasize that it does not matter whether the quantum states of interest are pure or not. While pure states underly the design of quantum circuits, ensemble mixtures of quantum states can be exploited in a more recent class of algorithms: it is illustrated by characterizing the Jones polynomial in order to distinguish between different (classes of) knots. Further applications include Josephson elements, cavity grids, ion traps and nitrogen vacancy centres in scenarios of closed as well as open quantum systems.

Tai Chi/ Yoga Effects on Anxiety, Heartrate, EEG and Math Computations

PubMed Central

Field, Tiffany; Diego, Miguel; Hernandez-Reif, Maria

2010-01-01

Objective To determine the immediate effects of a combined form of tai chi/yoga. Design 38 adults participated in a 20-minute tai chi/yoga class. The session was comprised of standing tai chi movements, balancing poses and a short tai chi form and 10 minutes of standing, sitting and lying down yoga poses. Main outcome measures The pre- and post- tai chi/ yoga effects were assessed using the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI), EKG, EEG and math computations. Results Heartrate increased during the session, as would be expected for this moderate intensity exercise. Changes from pre to post session assessments suggested increased relaxation including decreased anxiety and a trend for increased EEG theta activity. Conclusions The increased relaxation may have contributed to the increased speed and accuracy noted on math computations following the tai chi/yoga class. PMID:20920810

Control aspects of quantum computing using pure and mixed states

PubMed Central

Schulte-Herbrüggen, Thomas; Marx, Raimund; Fahmy, Amr; Kauffman, Louis; Lomonaco, Samuel; Khaneja, Navin; Glaser, Steffen J.

2012-01-01

Steering quantum dynamics such that the target states solve classically hard problems is paramount to quantum simulation and computation. And beyond, quantum control is also essential to pave the way to quantum technologies. Here, important control techniques are reviewed and presented in a unified frame covering quantum computational gate synthesis and spectroscopic state transfer alike. We emphasize that it does not matter whether the quantum states of interest are pure or not. While pure states underly the design of quantum circuits, ensemble mixtures of quantum states can be exploited in a more recent class of algorithms: it is illustrated by characterizing the Jones polynomial in order to distinguish between different (classes of) knots. Further applications include Josephson elements, cavity grids, ion traps and nitrogen vacancy centres in scenarios of closed as well as open quantum systems. PMID:22946034

Experimental analysis of bidirectional reflectance distribution function cross section conversion term in direction cosine space.

PubMed

Butler, Samuel D; Nauyoks, Stephen E; Marciniak, Michael A

2015-06-01

Of the many classes of bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models, two popular classes of models are the microfacet model and the linear systems diffraction model. The microfacet model has the benefit of speed and simplicity, as it uses geometric optics approximations, while linear systems theory uses a diffraction approach to compute the BRDF, at the expense of greater computational complexity. In this Letter, nongrazing BRDF measurements of rough and polished surface-reflecting materials at multiple incident angles are scaled by the microfacet cross section conversion term, but in the linear systems direction cosine space, resulting in great alignment of BRDF data at various incident angles in this space. This results in a predictive BRDF model for surface-reflecting materials at nongrazing angles, while avoiding some of the computational complexities in the linear systems diffraction model.

A Finite Element Analysis of a Class of Problems in Elasto-Plasticity with Hidden Variables.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-09-01

RD-R761 642 A FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF A CLASS OF PROBLEMS IN 1/2 ELASTO-PLASTICITY MIlT (U) TEXAS INST FOR COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS AUSTIN J T ODEN...end Subtitle) S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED A FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF A CLASS OF PROBLEMS Final Report IN ELASTO-PLASTICITY WITH HIDDEN...aieeoc ede It neceeeary nd Identify by block number) ;"Elastoplasticity, finite deformations; non-convex analysis ; finite element methods, metal forming

Maxillary Transverse Comparison of Skeletal Class I and Class III Patient Populations Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-13

conventional CT, the newer CBCT system had a number of advantages . The most celebrated advantage of CBCT is the reduced radiation burden to the patient...anteroposterior growth or perhaps do they mirror the overall shape of the underlying maxillary basal bone? 9     In a 2005 study, Franchi and Bacetti...stated that “no information is available for the dentoskeletal transverse dimensions in Class III subjects” ( Franchi and Baccetti 2005). These

Second order hydrodynamics for a special class of gravity duals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Springer, T.

2009-04-15

The sound mode hydrodynamic dispersion relation is computed up to order q{sup 3} for a class of gravitational duals which includes both Schwarzschild AdS and Dp-brane metrics. The implications for second order transport coefficients are examined within the context of Israel-Stewart theory. These sound mode results are compared with previously known results for the shear mode. This comparison allows one to determine the third order hydrodynamic contributions to the shear mode for the class of metrics considered here.

Computation of p -units in ray class fields of real quadratic number fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chapdelaine, Hugo

2009-12-01

Let K be a real quadratic field, let p be a prime number which is inert in K and let K_p be the completion of K at p . As part of a Ph.D. thesis, we constructed a certain p -adic invariant uin K_p^{times} , and conjectured that u is, in fact, a p -unit in a suitable narrow ray class field of K . In this paper we give numerical evidence in support of that conjecture. Our method of computation is similar to the one developed by Dasgupta and relies on partial modular symbols attached to Eisenstein series.

Fast Reduction Method in Dominance-Based Information Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Yan; Zhou, Qinghua; Wen, Yongchuan

2018-01-01

In real world applications, there are often some data with continuous values or preference-ordered values. Rough sets based on dominance relations can effectively deal with these kinds of data. Attribute reduction can be done in the framework of dominance-relation based approach to better extract decision rules. However, the computational cost of the dominance classes greatly affects the efficiency of attribute reduction and rule extraction. This paper presents an efficient method of computing dominance classes, and further compares it with traditional method with increasing attributes and samples. Experiments on UCI data sets show that the proposed algorithm obviously improves the efficiency of the traditional method, especially for large-scale data.

Sample-space-based feature extraction and class preserving projection for gene expression data.

PubMed

Wang, Wenjun

2013-01-01

In order to overcome the problems of high computational complexity and serious matrix singularity for feature extraction using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Fisher's Linear Discrinimant Analysis (LDA) in high-dimensional data, sample-space-based feature extraction is presented, which transforms the computation procedure of feature extraction from gene space to sample space by representing the optimal transformation vector with the weighted sum of samples. The technique is used in the implementation of PCA, LDA, Class Preserving Projection (CPP) which is a new method for discriminant feature extraction proposed, and the experimental results on gene expression data demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

Communications oriented programming of parallel iterative solutions of sparse linear systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Patrick, M. L.; Pratt, T. W.

1986-01-01

Parallel algorithms are developed for a class of scientific computational problems by partitioning the problems into smaller problems which may be solved concurrently. The effectiveness of the resulting parallel solutions is determined by the amount and frequency of communication and synchronization and the extent to which communication can be overlapped with computation. Three different parallel algorithms for solving the same class of problems are presented, and their effectiveness is analyzed from this point of view. The algorithms are programmed using a new programming environment. Run-time statistics and experience obtained from the execution of these programs assist in measuring the effectiveness of these algorithms.

Reducing Conservatism of Analytic Transient Response Bounds via Shaping Filters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kwan, Aiyueh; Bedrossian, Nazareth; Jan, Jiann-Woei; Grigoriadis, Karolos; Hua, Tuyen (Technical Monitor)

1999-01-01

Recent results show that the peak transient response of a linear system to bounded energy inputs can be computed using the energy-to-peak gain of the system. However, analytically computed peak response bound can be conservative for a class of class bounded energy signals, specifically pulse trains generated from jet firings encountered in space vehicles. In this paper, shaping filters are proposed as a Methodology to reduce the conservatism of peak response analytic bounds. This Methodology was applied to a realistic Space Station assembly operation subject to jet firings. The results indicate that shaping filters indeed reduce the predicted peak response bounds.

Analysis and synthesis of distributed-lumped-active networks by digital computer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The use of digital computational techniques in the analysis and synthesis of DLA (distributed lumped active) networks is considered. This class of networks consists of three distinct types of elements, namely, distributed elements (modeled by partial differential equations), lumped elements (modeled by algebraic relations and ordinary differential equations), and active elements (modeled by algebraic relations). Such a characterization is applicable to a broad class of circuits, especially including those usually referred to as linear integrated circuits, since the fabrication techniques for such circuits readily produce elements which may be modeled as distributed, as well as the more conventional lumped and active ones.

Approximations of thermoelastic and viscoelastic control systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burns, J. A.; Liu, Z. Y.; Miller, R. E.

1990-01-01

Well-posed models and computational algorithms are developed and analyzed for control of a class of partial differential equations that describe the motions of thermo-viscoelastic structures. An abstract (state space) framework and a general well-posedness result are presented that can be applied to a large class of thermo-elastic and thermo-viscoelastic models. This state space framework is used in the development of a computational scheme to be used in the solution of a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control problem. A detailed convergence proof is provided for the viscoelastic model and several numerical results are presented to illustrate the theory and to analyze problems for which the theory is incomplete.

Toward the detection of abnormal chest radiographs the way radiologists do it

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alzubaidi, Mohammad; Patel, Ameet; Panchanathan, Sethuraman; Black, John A., Jr.

2011-03-01

Computer Aided Detection (CADe) and Computer Aided Diagnosis (CADx) are relatively recent areas of research that attempt to employ feature extraction, pattern recognition, and machine learning algorithms to aid radiologists in detecting and diagnosing abnormalities in medical images. However, these computational methods are based on the assumption that there are distinct classes of abnormalities, and that each class has some distinguishing features that set it apart from other classes. However, abnormalities in chest radiographs tend to be very heterogeneous. The literature suggests that thoracic (chest) radiologists develop their ability to detect abnormalities by developing a sense of what is normal, so that anything that is abnormal attracts their attention. This paper discusses an approach to CADe that is based on a technique called anomaly detection (which aims to detect outliers in data sets) for the purpose of detecting atypical regions in chest radiographs. However, in order to apply anomaly detection to chest radiographs, it is necessary to develop a basis for extracting features from corresponding anatomical locations in different chest radiographs. This paper proposes a method for doing this, and describes how it can be used to support CADe.

Computer Simulations Improve University Instructional Laboratories1

PubMed Central

2004-01-01

Laboratory classes are commonplace and essential in biology departments but can sometimes be cumbersome, unreliable, and a drain on time and resources. As university intakes increase, pressure on budgets and staff time can often lead to reduction in practical class provision. Frequently, the ability to use laboratory equipment, mix solutions, and manipulate test animals are essential learning outcomes, and “wet” laboratory classes are thus appropriate. In others, however, interpretation and manipulation of the data are the primary learning outcomes, and here, computer-based simulations can provide a cheaper, easier, and less time- and labor-intensive alternative. We report the evaluation of two computer-based simulations of practical exercises: the first in chromosome analysis, the second in bioinformatics. Simulations can provide significant time savings to students (by a factor of four in our first case study) without affecting learning, as measured by performance in assessment. Moreover, under certain circumstances, performance can be improved by the use of simulations (by 7% in our second case study). We concluded that the introduction of these simulations can significantly enhance student learning where consideration of the learning outcomes indicates that it might be appropriate. In addition, they can offer significant benefits to teaching staff. PMID:15592599

Cerebral hierarchies: predictive processing, precision and the pulvinar

PubMed Central

Kanai, Ryota; Komura, Yutaka; Shipp, Stewart; Friston, Karl

2015-01-01

This paper considers neuronal architectures from a computational perspective and asks what aspects of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology can be disclosed by the nature of neuronal computations? In particular, we extend current formulations of the brain as an organ of inference—based upon hierarchical predictive coding—and consider how these inferences are orchestrated. In other words, what would the brain require to dynamically coordinate and contextualize its message passing to optimize its computational goals? The answer that emerges rests on the delicate (modulatory) gain control of neuronal populations that select and coordinate (prediction error) signals that ascend cortical hierarchies. This is important because it speaks to a hierarchical anatomy of extrinsic (between region) connections that form two distinct classes, namely a class of driving (first-order) connections that are concerned with encoding the content of neuronal representations and a class of modulatory (second-order) connections that establish context—in the form of the salience or precision ascribed to content. We explore the implications of this distinction from a formal perspective (using simulations of feature–ground segregation) and consider the neurobiological substrates of the ensuing precision-engineered dynamics, with a special focus on the pulvinar and attention. PMID:25823866

Cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation of the temporomandibular joint and dental characteristics of patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion and asymmetry

PubMed Central

Huang, Mingna; Hu, Yun; Yu, Jinfeng; Sun, Jicheng; Ming, Ye

2017-01-01

Objective Treating Class II subdivision malocclusion with asymmetry has been a challenge for orthodontists because of the complicated characteristics of asymmetry. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of dental and skeletal asymmetry in Class II subdivision malocclusion, and to assess the relationship between the condyle-glenoid fossa and first molar. Methods Cone-beam computed tomographic images of 32 patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion were three-dimensionally reconstructed using the Mimics software. Forty-five anatomic landmarks on the reconstructed structures were selected and 27 linear and angular measurements were performed. Paired-samples t-tests were used to compare the average differences between the Class I and Class II sides; Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used for analyzing the linear association. Results The faciolingual crown angulation of the mandibular first molar (p < 0.05), sagittal position of the maxillary and mandibular first molars (p < 0.01), condylar head height (p < 0.01), condylar process height (p < 0.05), and angle of the posterior wall of the articular tubercle and coronal position of the glenoid fossa (p < 0.01) were significantly different between the two sides. The morphology and position of the condyle-glenoid fossa significantly correlated with the three-dimensional changes in the first molar. Conclusions Asymmetry in the sagittal position of the maxillary and mandibular first molars between the two sides and significant lingual inclination of the mandibular first molar on the Class II side were the dental characteristics of Class II subdivision malocclusion. Condylar morphology and glenoid fossa position asymmetries were the major components of skeletal asymmetry and were well correlated with the three-dimensional position of the first molar. PMID:28861389

Space-Time Fluid-Structure Interaction Computation of Flapping-Wing Aerodynamics

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

SST-VMST." The structural mechanics computations are based on the Kirchhoff -Love shell model. We use a sequential coupling technique, which is...mechanics computations are based on the Kirchhoff -Love shell model. We use a sequential coupling technique, which is ap- plicable to some classes of FSI...we use the ST-VMS method in combination with the ST-SUPS method. The structural mechanics computations are mostly based on the Kirchhoff –Love shell

Monte Carlo Techniques for Nuclear Systems - Theory Lectures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brown, Forrest B.

These are lecture notes for a Monte Carlo class given at the University of New Mexico. The following topics are covered: course information; nuclear eng. review & MC; random numbers and sampling; computational geometry; collision physics; tallies and statistics; eigenvalue calculations I; eigenvalue calculations II; eigenvalue calculations III; variance reduction; parallel Monte Carlo; parameter studies; fission matrix and higher eigenmodes; doppler broadening; Monte Carlo depletion; HTGR modeling; coupled MC and T/H calculations; fission energy deposition. Solving particle transport problems with the Monte Carlo method is simple - just simulate the particle behavior. The devil is in the details, however. Thesemore » lectures provide a balanced approach to the theory and practice of Monte Carlo simulation codes. The first lectures provide an overview of Monte Carlo simulation methods, covering the transport equation, random sampling, computational geometry, collision physics, and statistics. The next lectures focus on the state-of-the-art in Monte Carlo criticality simulations, covering the theory of eigenvalue calculations, convergence analysis, dominance ratio calculations, bias in Keff and tallies, bias in uncertainties, a case study of a realistic calculation, and Wielandt acceleration techniques. The remaining lectures cover advanced topics, including HTGR modeling and stochastic geometry, temperature dependence, fission energy deposition, depletion calculations, parallel calculations, and parameter studies. This portion of the class focuses on using MCNP to perform criticality calculations for reactor physics and criticality safety applications. It is an intermediate level class, intended for those with at least some familiarity with MCNP. Class examples provide hands-on experience at running the code, plotting both geometry and results, and understanding the code output. The class includes lectures & hands-on computer use for a variety of Monte Carlo calculations. Beginning MCNP users are encouraged to review LA-UR-09-00380, "Criticality Calculations with MCNP: A Primer (3nd Edition)" (available at http:// mcnp.lanl.gov under "Reference Collection") prior to the class. No Monte Carlo class can be complete without having students write their own simple Monte Carlo routines for basic random sampling, use of the random number generator, and simplified particle transport simulation.« less

The effects of instruction on French achievements in the sciences and technology on qualitative measures of attitude and motivation in French classrooms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giudicelli Bachelder, Francoise Dominique

1997-09-01

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the element of motivation in a second language classroom. The participants in this study were college students who participated voluntarily. A questionnaire on motivation (AMTB) created by Robert Gardner (1985) was given to the students as a pre-test/post-test in order to obtain quantitative measures. Also, a researcher was present during the computer laboratory sessions and a group discussion was conducted at the end of the study to collect qualitative samples. Four classes consisting of a total of 143 students participated in this study. The second language was French and the level was 103, a level intended for students who already had taken French in high school. French 103 reviews in one semester the material that is covered by students in French 101 and French 102 during two semesters. The four classes were divided into two groups, an experimental group and a control group. The study was conducted in a computer laboratory, where each of the four classes attended once a week. The experiment was conducted over an eight-week period at the beginning of the Spring semester 1997, from January 14 to March 4. Both classes from the control group, one arriving at 9:30 a.m. and the other at 1:30 p.m., were exposed to regular classroom material; nothing was done to modify the procedure of the classes' activities. The two experimental classes, one at 8:30 a.m. and the other at 11:30 a.m., both received a treatment of ten minutes at the end of the computer class period. The statistical results of the study did not support the hypothesis that the use of a different cultural input would increase the students' motivation, but the qualitative part of the study provided a fountain of information. Information which demanded reflection. Information which contributed to my personal development as a researcher, as an observer, and, most importantly, as a teacher.

Using the Computer at Work. Project Visions2: Learning for Life Initiative.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Mary Lou, Comp.

These materials were developed for a 20-hour class on computers in a cement manufacturing plant. (In the workplace, they were used in conjunction with Typing Tutor 6 software.) The course is intended for complete beginners who need to use computers on the job. Each of the four modules can be used alone. The document begins with a pretest and…

Optics and Symbolic Computing

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-01

applicatior for AI are in variation of classification parameters for knowledge acquisition ( changing of classes into which objects are placed), and...computation. The well-structured data formats of vectors, matrices, etc. used in numeric computing give way to data structures that can change their shapes...by "flexible data structures. The semantic meanings of objects are readily changed by adding and deleting the variable lists of attributes. Another

Class and Homework Problems: The Break-Even Radius of Insulation Computed Using Excel Solver and WolframAlpha

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foley, Greg

2014-01-01

A problem that illustrates two ways of computing the break-even radius of insulation is outlined. The problem is suitable for students who are taking an introductory module in heat transfer or transport phenomena and who have some previous knowledge of the numerical solution of non- linear algebraic equations. The potential for computer algebra,…

Self-Assessment and Student Improvement in an Introductory Computer Course at the Community College Level

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spicer-Sutton, Jama; Lampley, James; Good, Donald W.

2014-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine a student's computer knowledge upon course entry and if there was a difference in college students' improvement scores as measured by the difference in pretest and post-test scores of new or novice users, moderate users, and expert users at the end of a college level introductory computing class. This…

Self-Assessment and Student Improvement in an Introductory Computer Course at the Community College-Level

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spicer-Sutton, Jama

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine a student's computer knowledge upon course entry and if there was a difference in college students' improvement scores as measured by the difference in pretest and posttest scores of new or novice users, moderate users, and expert users at the end of a college-level introductory computing class. This…

Development of an ADP Training Program to Serve the EPA Data Processing Community.

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-07-29

divide, compute , perform and alter statements; data representation and conversion; table processing; and indexed sequential and random access file...processing. The course workshop will include the testing of coded exercises and problems on a computer system. CLASS SIZE: Individualized METHODS/CONDUCT...familiarization with computer concepts will be helpful. OBJECTIVES OF CURRICULUM After completing this course, the student should have developed a working

The Scoop on Good Humor.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pieper, Gail W.

1987-01-01

Recommends teaching about the uses of humor in technical writing classes by using computer user manuals. Suggests that humor has a place in technical communication, particularly in computer manuals, where new users' apprehension must be reduced, heavy technical points need clarification, and warnings and cautions should be reinforced. (SKC)

Is Human-Computer Interaction Social or Parasocial?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sundar, S. Shyam

Conducted in the attribution-research paradigm of social psychology, a study examined whether human-computer interaction is fundamentally social (as in human-human interaction) or parasocial (as in human-television interaction). All 30 subjects (drawn from an undergraduate class on communication) were exposed to an identical interaction with…

What Students Want

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schaffhauser, Dian

2010-01-01

Institutions already cater to the technology needs of students. According to the 2008 Campus Computing survey, 60 percent of colleges and universities offer pervasive or near-pervasive wireless; computers are as ubiquitous as water bottles; course management systems have become one-stop shops for class content; few classrooms lack projectors; and…

Review of the Program. Report No. R-60.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Computer-Assisted Instruction Lab.

The nine-year history of the Computer Assisted Instruction Laboratory, College of Education, Pennsylvania State University, is traced. Some 30 projects in curriculum development in teacher education, public school classes, and adult vocational education are described, along with several advances in computer-assisted instruction (CAI).…

The Accuracy of Cognitive Monitoring during Computer-Based Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garhart, Casey; Hannafin, Michael J.

This study was conducted to determine the accuracy of learners' comprehension monitoring during computer-based instruction and to assess the relationship between enroute monitoring and different levels of learning. Participants were 50 university undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory educational psychology class. All students received…

Viral peptides-MHC interaction: Binding probability and distance from human peptides.

PubMed

Santoni, Daniele

2018-05-23

Identification of peptides binding to MHC class I complex can play a crucial role in retrieving potential targets able to trigger an immune response. Affinity binding of viral peptides can be estimated through effective computational methods that in the most of cases are based on machine learning approach. Achieving a better insight into peptide features that impact on the affinity binding rate is a challenging issue. In the present work we focused on 9-mer peptides of Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and Human herpes simplex virus 1, studying their binding to MHC class I. Viral 9-mers were partitioned into different classes, where each class is characterized by how far (in terms of mutation steps) the peptides belonging to that class are from human 9-mers. Viral 9-mers were partitioned in different classes, based on the number of mutation steps they are far from human 9-mers. We showed that the overall binding probability significantly differs among classes, and it typically increases as the distance, computed in terms of number of mutation steps from the human set of 9-mers, increases. The binding probability is particularly high when considering viral 9-mers that are far from all human 9-mers more than three mutation steps. A further evidence, providing significance to those special viral peptides and suggesting a potential role they can play, comes from the analysis of their distribution along viral genomes, as it revealed they are not randomly located, but they preferentially occur in specific genes. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Different hunting strategies of generalist predators result in functional differences.

PubMed

Michalko, Radek; Pekár, Stano

2016-08-01

The morphological, physiological, and behavioural traits of organisms are often used as surrogates for actual ecological functions. However, differences in these traits do not necessarily lead to functional differences and/or can be context-dependent. Therefore, it is necessary to explicitly test whether the surrogates have general ecological relevance. To investigate the relationship between the hunting strategies of predators (i.e., how, where, and when they hunt) and their function, we used euryphagous spiders as a model group. We used published data on the diet composition of 76 spider species based on natural prey and laboratory prey acceptance experiments. We computed differences in the position and width of trophic niches among pairs of sympatrically occurring species. Pairs were made at different classification levels, ranked according to the dissimilarity in their hunting strategies: congeners, confamiliars (as phylogenetic proxies for similarity in hunting strategy), species from the same main class of hunting strategy, from the same supra-class, and from different supra-classes. As for niche position computed from the natural prey analyses, species from the same class differed less than species from different classes. A similar pattern was obtained from the laboratory studies, but the congeners differed less than the species from the same classes. Niche widths were most similar among congeners and dissimilar among species from different supra-classes. Functional differences among euryphagous spiders increased continuously with increasing difference in their hunting strategy. The relative frequency of hunting strategies within spider assemblages can, therefore, influence the food webs through hunting strategy-specific predator-prey interactions.

Assessing the inter-observer variability of Computer-Aided Nodule Assessment and Risk Yield (CANARY) to characterize lung adenocarcinomas.

PubMed

Nakajima, Erica C; Frankland, Michael P; Johnson, Tucker F; Antic, Sanja L; Chen, Heidi; Chen, Sheau-Chiann; Karwoski, Ronald A; Walker, Ronald; Landman, Bennett A; Clay, Ryan D; Bartholmai, Brian J; Rajagopalan, Srinivasan; Peikert, Tobias; Massion, Pierre P; Maldonado, Fabien

2018-01-01

Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC), the most common lung cancer type, is recognized increasingly as a disease spectrum. To guide individualized patient care, a non-invasive means of distinguishing indolent from aggressive ADC subtypes is needed urgently. Computer-Aided Nodule Assessment and Risk Yield (CANARY) is a novel computed tomography (CT) tool that characterizes early ADCs by detecting nine distinct CT voxel classes, representing a spectrum of lepidic to invasive growth, within an ADC. CANARY characterization has been shown to correlate with ADC histology and patient outcomes. This study evaluated the inter-observer variability of CANARY analysis. Three novice observers segmented and analyzed independently 95 biopsy-confirmed lung ADCs from Vanderbilt University Medical Center/Nashville Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare system (VUMC/TVHS) and the Mayo Clinic (Mayo). Inter-observer variability was measured using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). The average ICC for all CANARY classes was 0.828 (95% CI 0.76, 0.895) for the VUMC/TVHS cohort, and 0.852 (95% CI 0.804, 0.901) for the Mayo cohort. The most invasive voxel classes had the highest ICC values. To determine whether nodule size influenced inter-observer variability, an additional cohort of 49 sub-centimeter nodules from Mayo were also segmented by three observers, with similar ICC results. Our study demonstrates that CANARY ADC classification between novice CANARY users has an acceptably low degree of variability, and supports the further development of CANARY for clinical application.

Virtual classroom helps medical education for both Chinese and foreign students.

PubMed

Shi, C; Wang, L; Li, X; Chai, S; Niu, W; Kong, Y; Zhou, W; Yin, W

2015-11-01

The rapid development of computer and internet technology has a strong influence over one's quality of education within different fields of study. To determine the potential benefits of introducing internet into medical school classes, a pilot study was conducted in three different Chinese medical schools. Seven hundred and eight medical school undergraduates, 385 dental school students and 366 foreign students were randomly recruited to complete a self-administered questionnaire. The contents included personal information, current usage of computer and internet, and attitudes towards the computerised teaching methods. Two forum groups were created using instant message software and were randomly assigned to two classes, allowing students to freely ask or discuss questions with the help of their teachers in these two virtual classrooms. All 1539 questionnaires were accepted and analysed. Although there were some differences between Chinese and foreign undergraduates, both group of students were highly proficient in internet usage and navigation. Overwhelmingly, 88.37% of the students owned a computer and frequently logged onto the internet. Most of them believed that the internet is a helpful adjunct to their studies and held positive attitudes towards computerised teaching. Compared to the classes that were not assigned internet forums, the two experimental classes performed significantly better on the examination. Our results suggest that computerised teaching methods have significant potential to assist in learning for both Chinese and foreign medical undergraduates. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Fukunaga-Koontz transform based dimensionality reduction for hyperspectral imagery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ochilov, S.; Alam, M. S.; Bal, A.

2006-05-01

Fukunaga-Koontz Transform based technique offers some attractive properties for desired class oriented dimensionality reduction in hyperspectral imagery. In FKT, feature selection is performed by transforming into a new space where feature classes have complimentary eigenvectors. Dimensionality reduction technique based on these complimentary eigenvector analysis can be described under two classes, desired class and background clutter, such that each basis function best represent one class while carrying the least amount of information from the second class. By selecting a few eigenvectors which are most relevant to desired class, one can reduce the dimension of hyperspectral cube. Since the FKT based technique reduces data size, it provides significant advantages for near real time detection applications in hyperspectral imagery. Furthermore, the eigenvector selection approach significantly reduces computation burden via the dimensionality reduction processes. The performance of the proposed dimensionality reduction algorithm has been tested using real-world hyperspectral dataset.

A unifying framework for rigid multibody dynamics and serial and parallel computational issues

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fijany, Amir; Jain, Abhinandan

1989-01-01

A unifying framework for various formulations of the dynamics of open-chain rigid multibody systems is discussed. Their suitability for serial and parallel processing is assessed. The framework is based on the derivation of intrinsic, i.e., coordinate-free, equations of the algorithms which provides a suitable abstraction and permits a distinction to be made between the computational redundancy in the intrinsic and extrinsic equations. A set of spatial notation is used which allows the derivation of the various algorithms in a common setting and thus clarifies the relationships among them. The three classes of algorithms viz., O(n), O(n exp 2) and O(n exp 3) or the solution of the dynamics problem are investigated. Researchers begin with the derivation of O(n exp 3) algorithms based on the explicit computation of the mass matrix and it provides insight into the underlying basis of the O(n) algorithms. From a computational perspective, the optimal choice of a coordinate frame for the projection of the intrinsic equations is discussed and the serial computational complexity of the different algorithms is evaluated. The three classes of algorithms are also analyzed for suitability for parallel processing. It is shown that the problem belongs to the class of N C and the time and processor bounds are of O(log2/2(n)) and O(n exp 4), respectively. However, the algorithm that achieves the above bounds is not stable. Researchers show that the fastest stable parallel algorithm achieves a computational complexity of O(n) with O(n exp 4), respectively. However, the algorithm that achieves the above bounds is not stable. Researchers show that the fastest stable parallel algorithm achieves a computational complexity of O(n) with O(n exp 2) processors, and results from the parallelization of the O(n exp 3) serial algorithm.

Sociocultural Influences On Undergraduate Women's Entry into a Computer Science Major

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lyon, Louise Ann

Computer science not only displays the pattern of underrepresentation of many other science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, but has actually experienced a decline in the number of women choosing the field over the past two decades. Broken out by gender and race, the picture becomes more nuanced, with the ratio of females to males receiving bachelor's degrees in computer science higher for non-White ethnic groups than for Whites. This dissertation explores the experiences of university women differing along the axis of race, class, and culture who are considering majoring in computer science in order to highlight how well-prepared women are persuaded that they belong (or not) in the field and how the confluence of social categories plays out in their decision. This study focuses on a university seminar entitled "Women in Computer Science and Engineering" open to women concurrently enrolled in introductory programming and uses an ethnographic approach including classroom participant observation, interviews with seminar students and instructors, observations of students in other classes, and interviews with parents of students. Three stand-alone but related articles explore various aspects of the experiences of women who participated in the study using Rom Harre's positioning theory as a theoretical framework. The first article uses data from twenty-two interviews to uncover how interactions with others and patterns in society position women in relation to a computer science major, and how these women have arrived at the point of considering the major despite messages that they do not belong. The second article more deeply explores the cases of three women who vary greatly along the axes of race, class, and culture in order to uncover pattern and interaction differences for women based on their ethnic background. The final article focuses on the attitudes and expectations of the mothers of three students of contrasting ethnicities and how reported interactions between mothers and daughters either constrain or afford opportunities for the daughters to choose a computer science major.

Student Perceptions of Using Tablet Technology in Post-Secondary Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mang, Colin F.; Wardley, Leslie J.

2013-01-01

This paper assesses students' attitudes towards using tablets, such as the Apple iPad, in university classes. Tablets are found to be a substitute for laptop computers. Students initially expressed a great deal of optimism regarding the technology, and, although their views diminished slightly as they gained experience with using a tablet,…

77 FR 46307 - Assessment and Collection of Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2012

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-03

... operating either in an analog or digital mode (but not both) for Low Power, Class A, and TV Translators...) 1,425 Construction Permits--Satellite Television Stations.. 895 Low Power TV, Class A TV, TV/FM... standard methodology \\35\\ that is currently in place for CMRS Wireless services (e.g., compute their...

Netbooks in Sixth-Grade English Language Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lin, Janet Mei-Chuen; Wu, Yi-Jiun

2010-01-01

As netbook computers are becoming an attractive option for K-12 educators, they have the potential to be a more integral part of language learning. In this study 45 sixth graders in two classes used netbooks to learn English as a second language. Forty-four students in two other classes served as the control group who received traditional…

Web Pages as an Interdisciplinary Tool in English for Architects Classes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mansilla, Paloma Ubeda

2002-01-01

Proposes the use of web pages as an interdisciplinary tool in classes of English for professional and academic purposes. Languages and computing are two areas of knowledge that the graduate of the Polytechnic University of Madrid and its School of architecture need to study in order to supplement the education received during their degree with the…

Face-to-Face versus Computer-Mediated Discussion of Teaching Cases: Impacts on Preservice Teachers' Engagement, Critical Analyses, and Self-Efficacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

PytlikZillig, Lisa M.; Horn, Christy A.; Bruning, Roger; Bell, Stephanie; Liu, Xiongyi; Siwatu, Kamau O.; Bodvarsson, Mary C.; Kim, Doyoung; Carlson, Deborah

2011-01-01

Two frequently-used discussion protocols were investigated as part of a program to implement teaching cases in undergraduate educational psychology classes designed for preservice teachers. One protocol involved synchronous face-to-face (FTF) discussion of teaching cases, which occurred in class after students had individually completed written…

A benefit-cost analysis of ten tree species in Modesto, California, U.S.A

Treesearch

E.G. McPherson

2003-01-01

Tree work records for ten species were analyzed to estimate average annual management costs by dbh class for six activity areas. Average annual benefits were calculated by dbh class for each species with computer modeling. Average annual net benefits per tree were greatest for London plane (Platanus acerifolia) ($178.57), hackberry (...

Students' Discourse When Working in Pairs with Etoys in an Eighth-Grade Mathematics Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeJarnette, Anna F.

2016-01-01

I examined students' discourse while working in pairs at the computer in an eighth-grade mathematics class to understand how students kept track of the people and things they discussed. I found that students most often referenced themselves and objects within the environment, through references to shared knowledge and the representations on the…

Providing Hearing-Impaired Students with Learning Care after Classes through Smart Phones and the GPRS Network

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Chen-Chung; Hong, Yi-Ching

2007-01-01

Although computers and network technology have been widely utilised to assist students learn, few technical supports have been developed to help hearing-impaired students learn in Taiwan. A significant challenge for teachers is to provide after-class learning care and assistance to hearing-impaired students that sustain their motivation to…

EssayCritic: Writing to Learn with a Knowledge-Based Design Critiquing System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mørch, Anders I.; Engeness, Irina; Cheng, Victor C.; Cheung, William K.; Wong, Kelvin C.

2017-01-01

This article presents a study of EssayCritic, a computer-based writing aid for English as a foreign language (EFL) that provides feedback on the content of English essays. We compared two feedback conditions: automated feedback from EssayCritic (target class) and feedback from collaborating peers (comparison class). We used a mixed methods…

A Class at Mount Holyoke College Uses "Frankenstein" as a Tool for Teaching Student Multimedia Techniques.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gose, Ben

1997-01-01

A Mount Holyoke College (Massachusetts) class on computer applications in history and the humanities, entitled "Frankenstein Meets Multimedia," uses topics from the 1818 novel as the basis for students to develop multimedia compact disks about it. The novel is used because its author was heavily influenced by the philosophy of the…

QM Automata: A New Class of Restricted Quantum Membrane Automata.

PubMed

Giannakis, Konstantinos; Singh, Alexandros; Kastampolidou, Kalliopi; Papalitsas, Christos; Andronikos, Theodore

2017-01-01

The term "Unconventional Computing" describes the use of non-standard methods and models in computing. It is a recently established field, with many interesting and promising results. In this work we combine notions from quantum computing with aspects of membrane computing to define what we call QM automata. Specifically, we introduce a variant of quantum membrane automata that operate in accordance with the principles of quantum computing. We explore the functionality and capabilities of the QM automata through indicative examples. Finally we suggest future directions for research on QM automata.

Physarum machines: encapsulating reaction-diffusion to compute spanning tree

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adamatzky, Andrew

2007-12-01

The Physarum machine is a biological computing device, which employs plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum as an unconventional computing substrate. A reaction-diffusion computer is a chemical computing device that computes by propagating diffusive or excitation wave fronts. Reaction-diffusion computers, despite being computationally universal machines, are unable to construct certain classes of proximity graphs without the assistance of an external computing device. I demonstrate that the problem can be solved if the reaction-diffusion system is enclosed in a membrane with few ‘growth points’, sites guiding the pattern propagation. Experimental approximation of spanning trees by P. polycephalum slime mold demonstrates the feasibility of the approach. Findings provided advance theory of reaction-diffusion computation by enriching it with ideas of slime mold computation.

Exact solution of large asymmetric traveling salesman problems.

PubMed

Miller, D L; Pekny, J F

1991-02-15

The traveling salesman problem is one of a class of difficult problems in combinatorial optimization that is representative of a large number of important scientific and engineering problems. A survey is given of recent applications and methods for solving large problems. In addition, an algorithm for the exact solution of the asymmetric traveling salesman problem is presented along with computational results for several classes of problems. The results show that the algorithm performs remarkably well for some classes of problems, determining an optimal solution even for problems with large numbers of cities, yet for other classes, even small problems thwart determination of a provably optimal solution.

Usability of Computerized Lung Auscultation-Sound Software (CLASS) for learning pulmonary auscultation.

PubMed

Machado, Ana; Oliveira, Ana; Jácome, Cristina; Pereira, Marco; Moreira, José; Rodrigues, João; Aparício, José; Jesus, Luis M T; Marques, Alda

2018-04-01

The mastering of pulmonary auscultation requires complex acoustic skills. Computer-assisted learning tools (CALTs) have potential to enhance the learning of these skills; however, few have been developed for this purpose and do not integrate all the required features. Thus, this study aimed to assess the usability of a new CALT for learning pulmonary auscultation. Computerized Lung Auscultation-Sound Software (CLASS) usability was assessed by eight physiotherapy students using computer screen recordings, think-aloud reports, and facial expressions. Time spent in each task, frequency of messages and facial expressions, number of clicks and problems reported were counted. The timelines of the three methods used were matched/synchronized and analyzed. The tasks exercises and annotation of respiratory sounds were the ones requiring more clicks (median 132, interquartile range [23-157]; 93 [53-155]; 91 [65-104], respectively) and where most errors (19; 37; 15%, respectively) and problems (n = 7; 6; 3, respectively) were reported. Each participant reported a median of 6 problems, with a total of 14 different problems found, mainly related with CLASS functionalities (50%). Smile was the only facial expression presented in all tasks (n = 54). CLASS is the only CALT available that meets all the required features for learning pulmonary auscultation. The combination of the three usability methods identified advantages/disadvantages of CLASS and offered guidance for future developments, namely in annotations and exercises. This will allow the improvement of CLASS and enhance students' activities for learning pulmonary auscultation skills.

A Computer Program for Preliminary Data Analysis

Treesearch

Dennis L. Schweitzer

1967-01-01

ABSTRACT. -- A computer program written in FORTRAN has been designed to summarize data. Class frequencies, means, and standard deviations are printed for as many as 100 independent variables. Cross-classifications of an observed dependent variable and of a dependent variable predicted by a multiple regression equation can also be generated.

Computer Assisted Testing at the Education Resource Center.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Uffelman, Robert L.

The development of the Computer Assisted Testing (CAT) System at the University of Delaware is described. The introduction presents the background leading up to interactive terminal testing in 1973. Documentation for the system includes CAT System programs, format of questions for constructing test item pools, format for entering class lists,…

Building Library Skills: Computer-Assisted Instruction for Undergraduates.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dixon, Lana; And Others

1995-01-01

Discusses the development and implementation of computer-assisted instruction in undergraduate English classes at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Describes three HyperCard modules that help students learn to find periodical articles, use the library's online catalog, and search MLA on CD-ROM. Also presents reactions from students, English…

The Use of Blackboard in Computer Information Systems Courses.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Figueroa, Sandy; Huie, Carol

This paper focuses on the rationale for incorporating Blackboard, a Web-authoring software package, as the knowledge construction tool in computer information system courses. The authors illustrate previous strategies they incorporated in their classes, and they present their uses of Blackboard. They point out their reactions as teachers, and the…

A Graphical Approach to Quantitative Structural Geology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

De Paor, Declan G.

1986-01-01

Describes how computer graphic methods can be used in teaching structural geology. Describes the design of a graphics workstation for the Apple microcomputer. Includes a listing of commands used with software to plot structures in a digitized form. Argues for the establishment of computer laboratories for structural geology classes. (TW)

Implementing Project Based Learning in Computer Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Asan, Askin; Haliloglu, Zeynep

2005-01-01

Project-based learning offers the opportunity to apply theoretical and practical knowledge, and to develop the student's group working, and collaboration skills. In this paper we presented a design of effective computer class that implements the well-known and highly accepted project-based learning paradigm. A pre-test/post-test control group…

Automated Content Synthesis for Interactive Remote Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maly, K.; Overstreet, C. M.; Gonzalez, A.; Denbar, M. L.; Cutaran, R.; Karunaratne, N.

This paper describes IRI (Interactive Remote Instruction), a computer-based system built at Old Dominion University (Virginia) in order to support distance education. The system is based on the concept of a virtual classroom where students at different locations have the same synchronous class experience, using networked computers to communicate…

Education Calls for a New Philosophy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scheidlinger, Zygmunt

1999-01-01

Highlights changes brought on by computers and technological advancement and notes that only those with a vision of the future can direct and participate in the evolution of education. Suggests that virtual reality, simulation, animation and other computer-based features will render traditional class learning futile and that computerized education…

Computer Mediated Communication and Student Learning in Large Introductory Sociology Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Eric R.; Lawson, Anthony H.

2005-01-01

Over the past several years, scholars of teaching and learning have demonstrated the potential of collaborative learning strategies for improving student learning. This paper examines the use of computer-mediated communication to promote collaborative student learning in large introductory sociology courses. Specifically, we summarize a project we…

The Impact of Microcomputers on Composition Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hocking, Joan

To determine whether computer assisted instruction was just a fad or a viable alternative to traditional methods for teaching English composition, a microcomputer was used in a traditional college freshman English course. The class was divided into small groups: some went to the computer lab, while others worked in the classroom. Interactive…

The BASIC Instructional Program: Conversion into MAINSAIL Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dageforde, Mary L.

This report summarizes the rewriting of the BASIC Instructional Program (BIP) (a "hands-on laboratory" that teaches elementary programming in the BASIC language) from SAIL (a programming language available only on PDP-10 computers) into MAINSAIL (a language designed for portability on a broad class of computers). Four sections contain…

Distriblets: Java-Based Distributed Computing on the Web.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finkel, David; Wills, Craig E.; Brennan, Brian; Brennan, Chris

1999-01-01

Describes a system for using the World Wide Web to distribute computational tasks to multiple hosts on the Web that is written in Java programming language. Describes the programs written to carry out the load distribution, the structure of a "distriblet" class, and experiences in using this system. (Author/LRW)

Improving Transfer of Learning in a Computer Based Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Jay Bee

This report describes a program for improving the transfer of the learning of different techniques used in computer applications. The targeted population consisted of sophomores and juniors in a suburban high school in a middle class community. The problem was documented through teacher surveys, student surveys, anecdotal records and behavioral…

Computer-Simulated Psychotherapy as an Aid in Teaching Clinical Psychology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suler, John R.

1987-01-01

Describes how Elisa, a widely known computer program which simulates the responses of a psychotherapist, can be used as a teaching aid in undergraduate clinical psychology classes. Provides information on conducting the exercise, integrating it into the course syllabus, and evaluating its impact on students. (JDH)

Computer-Assisted Law Instruction: Clinical Education's Bionic Sibling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henn, Harry G.; Platt, Robert C.

1977-01-01

Computer-assisted instruction (CAI), like clinical education, has considerable potential for legal training. As an initial Cornell Law School experiment, a lesson in applying different corporate statutory dividend formulations, with a cross-section of balance sheets and other financial data, was used to supplement regular class assignments.…

Teaching Pascal's Triangle from a Computer Science Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skurnick, Ronald

2004-01-01

Pascal's Triangle is named for the seventeenth-century French philosopher and mathematician Blaise Pascal (the same person for whom the computer programming language is named). Students are generally introduced to Pascal's Triangle in an algebra or precalculus class in which the Binomial Theorem is presented. This article, presents a new method…

Developing and Applying Smartphone Apps in Online Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yan, Gongjun; Rawat, Danda B.; Shi, Hui; Alnusair, Awny

2014-01-01

Online courses provide students flexible access to class at anytime and anywhere. Most online courses currently rely on computer-based delivery. However, computers still burden instructors and students with limited mobility and flexibility. To provide more convenient access to online courses, smartphones have been increasingly adopted as a mobile…

A Class of Clowns: Spontaneous Joking in Computer-Assisted Discussions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holcomb, Christopher

1997-01-01

Finds that joking in computer-mediated communication constitutes a hybrid form of discourse, mingling the conventions of print and speech. Notes that students use typography and space to better capture the rhythms and inflections of oral joking, but such joking instantly organizes participants into hierarchically differentiated groups, creating…

Integration of Computers into an EFL Reading Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lim, Kang-Mi; Shen, Hui Zhong

2006-01-01

This study examined the impact of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) on Korean TAFE (Technical and Further Education) college students in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) reading classroom in terms of their perceptions of learning environment and their reading performance. The study compared CALL and traditional reading classes over…

Computer Game Development as a Literacy Activity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Owston, Ron; Wideman, Herb; Ronda, Natalia Sinitskaya; Brown, Christine

2009-01-01

This study examined computer game development as a pedagogical activity to motivate and engage students in curriculum-related literacy activities. We hypothesized that as a consequence, students would improve their traditional reading and writing skills as well as develop new digital literacy skills. Eighteen classes of grade 4 students were…

Interaction and Collaboration via Computer Conferencing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murphy, Karen L.; Drabier, Renee; Epps, Mary Lu

This study examined interaction and communication patterns among students (n=9) and with the instructor in a graduate course offered at a distance using the FirstClass computer conferencing (CC) software. Specifically, the following questions were addressed: (1) What are similarities and differences in interaction and collaboration between CC and…

Macromod: Computer Simulation For Introductory Economics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ross, Thomas

1977-01-01

The Macroeconomic model (Macromod) is a computer assisted instruction simulation model designed for introductory economics courses. An evaluation of its utilization at a community college indicates that it yielded a 10 percent to 13 percent greater economic comprehension than lecture classes and that it met with high student approval. (DC)

Interpersonal Communication in Computer Mediated Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whiteman, Jo Ann M.

The objective of this paper is to review and analyze several aspects of computer mediated learning and how future communication research questions will be explored. Some of the questions addressed in the paper are: Does this format affect learning performance? Is there enough verbal interaction in a cyberspace class? How are communication…

From Computer Lab to Technology Class.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sherwood, Sandra

1999-01-01

Discussion of integrating technology into elementary school classrooms focuses on teacher training that is based on a three-year plan developed at an elementary school in Marathon, New York. Describes the role of a technology teacher who facilitates technology integration by running the computer lab, offering workshops, and developing inservice…

Girls and Computer Technology: Barrier or Key?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gipson, Joella

1997-01-01

Discusses the disparity in numbers of girls and boys taking math, science, and computer classes in elementary and secondary schools, and examines steps being taken to better prepare girls, especially minority girls, for an increasingly technical society. A program in Michigan is described that involved a school and business partnership. (LRW)

Hupa Natural Resources Dictionary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bennett, Ruth, Ed.; And Others

Created by children in grades 5-8 who were enrolled in a year-long Hupa language class, this computer-generated, bilingual book contains descriptions and illustrations of local animals, birds, and fish. The introduction explains that students worked on a Macintosh computer able to print the Unifon alphabet used in writing the Hupa language.…

Computer-Based Imaginary Sciences and Research on Concept Acquisition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Brockenbrough S.

To control for interactions in learning research due to subjects' prior knowledge of the instructional material presented, an imaginary curriculum was presented with a computer assisted technique based on Carl Berieter's imaginary science of Xenograde systems. The curriculum consisted of a classification system for ten conceptual classes of…

Computer Availability and Principals' Perceptions of Online Surveys

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eaton, Danice K.; Brener, Nancy D.; Kann, Laura; Roberts, Alice M.; Kyle, Tonja M.; Flint, Katherine H.; Ross, Alexander L. R.

2011-01-01

Background: School-based risk behavior surveys traditionally have been administered via paper-and-pencil. This study assessed the feasibility of conducting in-class online surveys in US high schools. Methods: A paper-and-pencil questionnaire assessing computer availability and perceptions of online surveys was mailed to a nationally representative…

The Longitudinal Study of Computer Simulation in Learning Statistics for Hospitality College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huang, Ching-Hsu

2014-01-01

The class quasi-experiment was conducted to determine whether using computer simulation teaching strategy enhanced student understanding of statistics concepts for students enrolled in an introductory course. One hundred and ninety-three sophomores in hospitality management department were invited as participants in this two-year longitudinal…

Talking Back to Teacher

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fischman, Josh

2007-01-01

In this article, the author talks about Classroom Presenter, a computer program that aids in student participation during class discussions and makes boring lectures more interactive. The program was created by Richard J. Anderson, a professor of computer science at the University of Washington, in Seattle. Classroom Presenter is now in use in…

An Analysis of Graduate Nursing Students' Innovation-Decision Process

PubMed Central

Kacynski, Kathryn A.; Roy, Katrina D.

1984-01-01

This study's purpose was to examine the innovation-decision process used by graduate nursing students when deciding to use computer applications. Graduate nursing students enrolled in a mandatory research class were surveyed before and after their use of a mainframe computer for beginning data analysis about their general attitudes towards computers, individual characteristics such as “cosmopoliteness”, and their desire to learn more about a computer application. It was expected that an experimental intervention, a videotaped demonstration of interactive video instruction of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); previous computer experience; and the subject's “cosmopoliteness” wolud influence attitudes towards computers and the desire to learn more about a computer application.

Design of a modular digital computer system DRL 4 and 5. [design of airborne/spaceborne computer system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

Design and development efforts for a spaceborne modular computer system are reported. An initial baseline description is followed by an interface design that includes definition of the overall system response to all classes of failure. Final versions for the register level designs for all module types were completed. Packaging, support and control executive software, including memory utilization estimates and design verification plan, were formalized to insure a soundly integrated design of the digital computer system.

Architectures for single-chip image computing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gove, Robert J.

1992-04-01

This paper will focus on the architectures of VLSI programmable processing components for image computing applications. TI, the maker of industry-leading RISC, DSP, and graphics components, has developed an architecture for a new-generation of image processors capable of implementing a plurality of image, graphics, video, and audio computing functions. We will show that the use of a single-chip heterogeneous MIMD parallel architecture best suits this class of processors--those which will dominate the desktop multimedia, document imaging, computer graphics, and visualization systems of this decade.

Research in Computational Aeroscience Applications Implemented on Advanced Parallel Computing Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wigton, Larry

1996-01-01

Improving the numerical linear algebra routines for use in new Navier-Stokes codes, specifically Tim Barth's unstructured grid code, with spin-offs to TRANAIR is reported. A fast distance calculation routine for Navier-Stokes codes using the new one-equation turbulence models is written. The primary focus of this work was devoted to improving matrix-iterative methods. New algorithms have been developed which activate the full potential of classical Cray-class computers as well as distributed-memory parallel computers.

Free oscilloscope web app using a computer mic, built-in sound library, or your own files

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ball, Edward; Ruiz, Frances; Ruiz, Michael J.

2017-07-01

We have developed an online oscilloscope program which allows users to see waveforms by utilizing their computer microphones, selecting from our library of over 30 audio files, and opening any *.mp3 or *.wav file on their computers. The oscilloscope displays real-time signals against time. The oscilloscope has been calibrated so one can make accurate frequency measurements of periodic waves to within 1%. The web app is ideal for computer projection in class.

Classification of cancerous cells based on the one-class problem approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murshed, Nabeel A.; Bortolozzi, Flavio; Sabourin, Robert

1996-03-01

One of the most important factors in reducing the effect of cancerous diseases is the early diagnosis, which requires a good and a robust method. With the advancement of computer technologies and digital image processing, the development of a computer-based system has become feasible. In this paper, we introduce a new approach for the detection of cancerous cells. This approach is based on the one-class problem approach, through which the classification system need only be trained with patterns of cancerous cells. This reduces the burden of the training task by about 50%. Based on this approach, a computer-based classification system is developed, based on the Fuzzy ARTMAP neural networks. Experimental results were performed using a set of 542 patterns taken from a sample of breast cancer. Results of the experiment show 98% correct identification of cancerous cells and 95% correct identification of non-cancerous cells.

Computer-Based Algorithmic Determination of Muscle Movement Onset Using M-Mode Ultrasonography

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-01

contraction images were analyzed visually and with three different classes of algorithms: pixel standard deviation (SD), high-pass filter and Teager Kaiser...Linear relationships and agreements between computed and visual muscle onset were calculated. The top algorithms were high-pass filtered with a 30 Hz...suggest that computer automated determination using high-pass filtering is a potential objective alternative to visual determination in human

The Effect of a Computer Program Designed with Constructivist Principles for College Non-Science Majors on Understanding of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wielard, Valerie Michelle

2013-01-01

The primary objective of this project was to learn what effect a computer program would have on academic achievement and attitude toward science of college students enrolled in a biology class for non-science majors. It became apparent that the instructor also had an effect on attitudes toward science. The researcher designed a computer program,…

A distributed program composition system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, Robert L.

1989-01-01

A graphical technique for creating distributed computer programs is investigated and a prototype implementation is described which serves as a testbed for the concepts. The type of programs under examination is restricted to those comprising relatively heavyweight parts that intercommunicate by passing messages of typed objects. Such programs are often presented visually as a directed graph with computer program parts as the nodes and communication channels as the edges. This class of programs, called parts-based programs, is not well supported by existing computer systems; much manual work is required to describe the program to the system, establish the communication paths, accommodate the heterogeneity of data types, and to locate the parts of the program on the various systems involved. The work described solves most of these problems by providing an interface for describing parts-based programs in this class in a way that closely models the way programmers think about them: using sketches of diagraphs. Program parts, the computational modes of the larger program system are categorized in libraries and are accessed with browsers. The process of programming has the programmer draw the program graph interactively. Heterogeneity is automatically accommodated by the insertion of type translators where necessary between the parts. Many decisions are necessary in the creation of a comprehensive tool for interactive creation of programs in this class. Possibilities are explored and the issues behind such decisions are presented. An approach to program composition is described, not a carefully implemented programming environment. However, a prototype implementation is described that can demonstrate the ideas presented.

A C++11 implementation of arbitrary-rank tensors for high-performance computing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aragón, Alejandro M.

2014-06-01

This article discusses an efficient implementation of tensors of arbitrary rank by using some of the idioms introduced by the recently published C++ ISO Standard (C++11). With the aims at providing a basic building block for high-performance computing, a single Array class template is carefully crafted, from which vectors, matrices, and even higher-order tensors can be created. An expression template facility is also built around the array class template to provide convenient mathematical syntax. As a result, by using templates, an extra high-level layer is added to the C++ language when dealing with algebraic objects and their operations, without compromising performance. The implementation is tested running on both CPU and GPU.

A C++11 implementation of arbitrary-rank tensors for high-performance computing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aragón, Alejandro M.

2014-11-01

This article discusses an efficient implementation of tensors of arbitrary rank by using some of the idioms introduced by the recently published C++ ISO Standard (C++11). With the aims at providing a basic building block for high-performance computing, a single Array class template is carefully crafted, from which vectors, matrices, and even higher-order tensors can be created. An expression template facility is also built around the array class template to provide convenient mathematical syntax. As a result, by using templates, an extra high-level layer is added to the C++ language when dealing with algebraic objects and their operations, without compromising performance. The implementation is tested running on both CPU and GPU.

Predicted Outcome Value of E-Mail Communication: Factors that Foster Professional Relational Development between Students and Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Stacy; Kelsey, Dawn; Lancaster, Alexander

2011-01-01

Using predicted outcome value theory as a guide, this study investigated the link between e-mail correspondence as a form of computer mediated extra class communication and how it may shape students' desire to foster student-teacher relational development. The findings revealed that when students believe their teacher e-mails the class frequently,…

Librarian-Faculty Collaboration on a Library Research Assignment and Module for College Experience Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keyes, Anne; Barbier, Pat

2013-01-01

A librarian and faculty member collaborated on creating a library research module for students in the faculty member's college success classes to help them learn the fundamentals of information literacy. Using the assignment "My Ideal Job," the students met four or more times with the librarian in a computer classroom to learn how to do…

Sending Learning Pills to Mobile Devices in Class to Enhance Student Performance and Motivation in Network Services Configuration Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Munoz-Organero, M.; Munoz-Merino, P. J.; Kloos, C. D.

2012-01-01

Teaching electrical and computer software engineers how to configure network services normally requires the detailed presentation of many configuration commands and their numerous parameters. Students tend to find it difficult to maintain acceptable levels of motivation. In many cases, this results in their not attending classes and not dedicating…

"Once upon a Time There Was a Mouse": Children's Technology-Mediated Storytelling in Preschool Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skantz Åberg, Ewa; Lantz-Andersson, Annika; Pramling, Niklas

2014-01-01

With the current expansion of digital tools, the media used for narration is changing, challenging traditional literacies in educational settings. The present study explores what kind of activities emerge when six-year-old children in a preschool class write a digital story, using a word processor and speech-synthesised feedback computer software.…

Computers and Cranberries: A Reflection

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Apodaca, Jason Patrick

2006-01-01

In this article, the author reflects back to when he was in fifth grade, when his teacher taught the class to bake bread in school. It was November, and baking bread tied into the lesson. His teacher and some open-minded parents and students knew that to bake, sew, paint, sing, play an instrument, or dance as part of a lesson for a math class,…

Virtual Lecture Hall for In-Class and Online Sections: A Comparison of Utilization, Perceptions, and Benefits

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cramer, Kenneth M.; Collins, Kandice R.; Snider, Don; Fawcett, Graham

2006-01-01

We further evaluated the Virtual Lecture Hall (VLH) (Cramer, Collins, Snider, & Fawcett, in press), an instructional computer-based platform to deliver PowerPoint slides threaded with audio clips for later review. Students from either an in-class or online section (ns = 810 and 74 respectively) of introductory psychology had access to live…

Uses of Integrated Media Instruction in a Self-Contained Class for Children with Mild Disabilities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Narita, Shigeru

This conference paper describes the use of integrated media-oriented instruction in a self-contained class at Yokohama Municipal Elementary School in Japan. Three students with mild disabilities, in grades 5 and 6, participated in the project. Integrated media (IM) is defined as the linkage of text, sound, video, graphics, and the computer in such…

Students' Agency in an In-Class Computer-Centered Developmental Mathematics Classroom: The Best Laid Plans of Math and (Wo)men

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aly, Geillan Dahab

2016-01-01

Community colleges are tasked with helping all students regardless of their academic background to receive a degree, certificate, or other form of education. Many of these students need support in learning the mathematical content necessary to take college-level courses. Since a large proportion of students in these developmental classes are…

Shape Comparison Between 0.4–2.0 and 20–60 lm Cement Particles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Holzer, L.; Flatt, R; Erdogan, S

Portland cement powder, ground from much larger clinker particles, has a particle size distribution from about 0.1 to 100 {micro}m. An important question is then: does particle shape depend on particle size? For the same cement, X-ray computed tomography has been used to examine the 3-D shape of particles in the 20-60 {micro}m sieve range, and focused ion beam nanotomography has been used to examine the 3-D shape of cement particles found in the 0.4-2.0 {micro}m sieve range. By comparing various kinds of computed particle shape data for each size class, the conclusion is made that, within experimental uncertainty, bothmore » size classes are prolate, but the smaller size class particles, 0.4-2.0 {micro}m, tend to be somewhat more prolate than the 20-60 {micro}m size class. The practical effect of this shape difference on the set-point was assessed using the Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory to simulate the hydration of five cement powders. Results indicate that nonspherical aspect ratio is more important in determining the set-point than are the actual shape details.« less

Upper airway changes after Xbow appliance therapy evaluated with cone beam computed tomography.

PubMed

Erbas, Banu; Kocadereli, Ilken

2014-07-01

To determine the treatment effects of the Xbow appliance on the upper airway dimensions and volume using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT); to evaluate the cephalometric changes in the skeletal and dental structures of the skeletal Class II patients. The sample consisted of 25 Class II patients (11 male, 14 female) with a mean age of 11.1 ± 1.1 years. CBCT images were obtained at the beginning of the treatment (T0) and after the debonding of the Xbow (T1). Changes in superior, middle, and inferior parts of the oropharynx in the retroglossal region and changes in the oropharyngeal airway volume were statistically significant (P < .05, P < .01). The differences favoring the Xbow for the changes in the direction of Class II correction included SNA, SNB, ANB, maxillary depth angles, and point A-NPg and Co-B distances. Data of the dental parameters showed palatal tipping and extrusion of the maxillary incisors, labial tipping of the mandibular incisors, and mesial movement and extrusion of the mandibular molars. Treatment with the Xbow appliance in Class II patients resulted in favorable increase in the oropharyngeal airway dimensions and volume. Further studies with larger study samples and with control groups are needed.

Object recognition of real targets using modelled SAR images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zherdev, D. A.

2017-12-01

In this work the problem of recognition is studied using SAR images. The algorithm of recognition is based on the computation of conjugation indices with vectors of class. The support subspaces for each class are constructed by exception of the most and the less correlated vectors in a class. In the study we examine the ability of a significant feature vector size reduce that leads to recognition time decrease. The images of targets form the feature vectors that are transformed using pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN).

Classification of wetlands vegetation using small scale color infrared imagery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williamson, F. S. L.

1975-01-01

A classification system for Chesapeake Bay wetlands was derived from the correlation of film density classes and actual vegetation classes. The data processing programs used were developed by the Laboratory for the Applications of Remote Sensing. These programs were tested for their value in classifying natural vegetation, using digitized data from small scale aerial photography. Existing imagery and the vegetation map of Farm Creek Marsh were used to determine the optimal number of classes, and to aid in determining if the computer maps were a believable product.

Google in a Quantum Network

PubMed Central

Paparo, G. D.; Martin-Delgado, M. A.

2012-01-01

We introduce the characterization of a class of quantum PageRank algorithms in a scenario in which some kind of quantum network is realizable out of the current classical internet web, but no quantum computer is yet available. This class represents a quantization of the PageRank protocol currently employed to list web pages according to their importance. We have found an instance of this class of quantum protocols that outperforms its classical counterpart and may break the classical hierarchy of web pages depending on the topology of the web. PMID:22685626

Numerical Technology for Large-Scale Computational Electromagnetics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sharpe, R; Champagne, N; White, D

The key bottleneck of implicit computational electromagnetics tools for large complex geometries is the solution of the resulting linear system of equations. The goal of this effort was to research and develop critical numerical technology that alleviates this bottleneck for large-scale computational electromagnetics (CEM). The mathematical operators and numerical formulations used in this arena of CEM yield linear equations that are complex valued, unstructured, and indefinite. Also, simultaneously applying multiple mathematical modeling formulations to different portions of a complex problem (hybrid formulations) results in a mixed structure linear system, further increasing the computational difficulty. Typically, these hybrid linear systems aremore » solved using a direct solution method, which was acceptable for Cray-class machines but does not scale adequately for ASCI-class machines. Additionally, LLNL's previously existing linear solvers were not well suited for the linear systems that are created by hybrid implicit CEM codes. Hence, a new approach was required to make effective use of ASCI-class computing platforms and to enable the next generation design capabilities. Multiple approaches were investigated, including the latest sparse-direct methods developed by our ASCI collaborators. In addition, approaches that combine domain decomposition (or matrix partitioning) with general-purpose iterative methods and special purpose pre-conditioners were investigated. Special-purpose pre-conditioners that take advantage of the structure of the matrix were adapted and developed based on intimate knowledge of the matrix properties. Finally, new operator formulations were developed that radically improve the conditioning of the resulting linear systems thus greatly reducing solution time. The goal was to enable the solution of CEM problems that are 10 to 100 times larger than our previous capability.« less

Collaborative filtering for brain-computer interaction using transfer learning and active class selection.

PubMed

Wu, Dongrui; Lance, Brent J; Parsons, Thomas D

2013-01-01

Brain-computer interaction (BCI) and physiological computing are terms that refer to using processed neural or physiological signals to influence human interaction with computers, environment, and each other. A major challenge in developing these systems arises from the large individual differences typically seen in the neural/physiological responses. As a result, many researchers use individually-trained recognition algorithms to process this data. In order to minimize time, cost, and barriers to use, there is a need to minimize the amount of individual training data required, or equivalently, to increase the recognition accuracy without increasing the number of user-specific training samples. One promising method for achieving this is collaborative filtering, which combines training data from the individual subject with additional training data from other, similar subjects. This paper describes a successful application of a collaborative filtering approach intended for a BCI system. This approach is based on transfer learning (TL), active class selection (ACS), and a mean squared difference user-similarity heuristic. The resulting BCI system uses neural and physiological signals for automatic task difficulty recognition. TL improves the learning performance by combining a small number of user-specific training samples with a large number of auxiliary training samples from other similar subjects. ACS optimally selects the classes to generate user-specific training samples. Experimental results on 18 subjects, using both k nearest neighbors and support vector machine classifiers, demonstrate that the proposed approach can significantly reduce the number of user-specific training data samples. This collaborative filtering approach will also be generalizable to handling individual differences in many other applications that involve human neural or physiological data, such as affective computing.

Design of object-oriented distributed simulation classes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schoeffler, James D. (Principal Investigator)

1995-01-01

Distributed simulation of aircraft engines as part of a computer aided design package is being developed by NASA Lewis Research Center for the aircraft industry. The project is called NPSS, an acronym for 'Numerical Propulsion Simulation System'. NPSS is a flexible object-oriented simulation of aircraft engines requiring high computing speed. It is desirable to run the simulation on a distributed computer system with multiple processors executing portions of the simulation in parallel. The purpose of this research was to investigate object-oriented structures such that individual objects could be distributed. The set of classes used in the simulation must be designed to facilitate parallel computation. Since the portions of the simulation carried out in parallel are not independent of one another, there is the need for communication among the parallel executing processors which in turn implies need for their synchronization. Communication and synchronization can lead to decreased throughput as parallel processors wait for data or synchronization signals from other processors. As a result of this research, the following have been accomplished. The design and implementation of a set of simulation classes which result in a distributed simulation control program have been completed. The design is based upon MIT 'Actor' model of a concurrent object and uses 'connectors' to structure dynamic connections between simulation components. Connectors may be dynamically created according to the distribution of objects among machines at execution time without any programming changes. Measurements of the basic performance have been carried out with the result that communication overhead of the distributed design is swamped by the computation time of modules unless modules have very short execution times per iteration or time step. An analytical performance model based upon queuing network theory has been designed and implemented. Its application to realistic configurations has not been carried out.

Design of Object-Oriented Distributed Simulation Classes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schoeffler, James D.

1995-01-01

Distributed simulation of aircraft engines as part of a computer aided design package being developed by NASA Lewis Research Center for the aircraft industry. The project is called NPSS, an acronym for "Numerical Propulsion Simulation System". NPSS is a flexible object-oriented simulation of aircraft engines requiring high computing speed. It is desirable to run the simulation on a distributed computer system with multiple processors executing portions of the simulation in parallel. The purpose of this research was to investigate object-oriented structures such that individual objects could be distributed. The set of classes used in the simulation must be designed to facilitate parallel computation. Since the portions of the simulation carried out in parallel are not independent of one another, there is the need for communication among the parallel executing processors which in turn implies need for their synchronization. Communication and synchronization can lead to decreased throughput as parallel processors wait for data or synchronization signals from other processors. As a result of this research, the following have been accomplished. The design and implementation of a set of simulation classes which result in a distributed simulation control program have been completed. The design is based upon MIT "Actor" model of a concurrent object and uses "connectors" to structure dynamic connections between simulation components. Connectors may be dynamically created according to the distribution of objects among machines at execution time without any programming changes. Measurements of the basic performance have been carried out with the result that communication overhead of the distributed design is swamped by the computation time of modules unless modules have very short execution times per iteration or time step. An analytical performance model based upon queuing network theory has been designed and implemented. Its application to realistic configurations has not been carried out.

Collaborative Filtering for Brain-Computer Interaction Using Transfer Learning and Active Class Selection

PubMed Central

Wu, Dongrui; Lance, Brent J.; Parsons, Thomas D.

2013-01-01

Brain-computer interaction (BCI) and physiological computing are terms that refer to using processed neural or physiological signals to influence human interaction with computers, environment, and each other. A major challenge in developing these systems arises from the large individual differences typically seen in the neural/physiological responses. As a result, many researchers use individually-trained recognition algorithms to process this data. In order to minimize time, cost, and barriers to use, there is a need to minimize the amount of individual training data required, or equivalently, to increase the recognition accuracy without increasing the number of user-specific training samples. One promising method for achieving this is collaborative filtering, which combines training data from the individual subject with additional training data from other, similar subjects. This paper describes a successful application of a collaborative filtering approach intended for a BCI system. This approach is based on transfer learning (TL), active class selection (ACS), and a mean squared difference user-similarity heuristic. The resulting BCI system uses neural and physiological signals for automatic task difficulty recognition. TL improves the learning performance by combining a small number of user-specific training samples with a large number of auxiliary training samples from other similar subjects. ACS optimally selects the classes to generate user-specific training samples. Experimental results on 18 subjects, using both nearest neighbors and support vector machine classifiers, demonstrate that the proposed approach can significantly reduce the number of user-specific training data samples. This collaborative filtering approach will also be generalizable to handling individual differences in many other applications that involve human neural or physiological data, such as affective computing. PMID:23437188

Configuring compute nodes of a parallel computer in an operational group into a plurality of independent non-overlapping collective networks

DOEpatents

Archer, Charles J.; Inglett, Todd A.; Ratterman, Joseph D.; Smith, Brian E.

2010-03-02

Methods, apparatus, and products are disclosed for configuring compute nodes of a parallel computer in an operational group into a plurality of independent non-overlapping collective networks, the compute nodes in the operational group connected together for data communications through a global combining network, that include: partitioning the compute nodes in the operational group into a plurality of non-overlapping subgroups; designating one compute node from each of the non-overlapping subgroups as a master node; and assigning, to the compute nodes in each of the non-overlapping subgroups, class routing instructions that organize the compute nodes in that non-overlapping subgroup as a collective network such that the master node is a physical root.

On teaching computer ethics within a computer science department.

PubMed

Quinn, Michael J

2006-04-01

The author has surveyed a quarter of the accredited undergraduate computer science programs in the United States. More than half of these programs offer a 'social and ethical implications of computing' course taught by a computer science faculty member, and there appears to be a trend toward teaching ethics classes within computer science departments. Although the decision to create an 'in house' computer ethics course may sometimes be a pragmatic response to pressure from the accreditation agency, this paper argues that teaching ethics within a computer science department can provide students and faculty members with numerous benefits. The paper lists topics that can be covered in a computer ethics course and offers some practical suggestions for making the course successful.

Excavating the surface-associated and secretory proteome of Mycobacterium leprae for identifying vaccines and diagnostic markers relevant immunodominant epitopes.

PubMed

Rana, Aarti; Thakur, Shweta; Bhardwaj, Nupur; Kumar, Devender; Akhter, Yusuf

2016-12-01

For centuries, Mycobacterium leprae, etiological agent of leprosy, has been afflicting mankind regardless of extensive use of live-attenuated vaccines and antibiotics. Surface-associated and secretory proteins (SASPs) are attractive targets against bacteria. We have integrated biological knowledge with computational approaches and present a proteome-wide identification of SASPs. We also performed computational assignment of immunodominant epitopes as coordinates of prospective antigenic candidates in most important class of SASPs, the outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Exploiting the known protein sequence and structural characteristics shared by the SASPs from bacteria, 17 lipoproteins, 11 secretory and 19 novel OMPs (including 4 essential proteins) were identified in M. leprae As OMPs represent the most exposed antigens on the cell surface, their immunoinformatics analysis showed that the identified 19 OMPs harbor T-cell MHC class I epitopes and class II epitopes against HLA-DR alleles (54), while 15 OMPs present potential T-cell class II epitopes against HLA-DQ alleles (6) and 7 OMPs possess T-cell class II epitopes against HLA-DP alleles (5) of humans. Additionally, 11 M. leprae OMPs were found to have B-cell epitopes and these may be considered as prime candidates for the development of new immunotherapeutics against M. leprae. © FEMS 2016. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Short-term droughts forecast using Markov chain model in Victoria, Australia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahmat, Siti Nazahiyah; Jayasuriya, Niranjali; Bhuiyan, Muhammed A.

2017-07-01

A comprehensive risk management strategy for dealing with drought should include both short-term and long-term planning. The objective of this paper is to present an early warning method to forecast drought using the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) and a non-homogeneous Markov chain model. A model such as this is useful for short-term planning. The developed method has been used to forecast droughts at a number of meteorological monitoring stations that have been regionalised into six (6) homogenous clusters with similar drought characteristics based on SPI. The non-homogeneous Markov chain model was used to estimate drought probabilities and drought predictions up to 3 months ahead. The drought severity classes defined using the SPI were computed at a 12-month time scale. The drought probabilities and the predictions were computed for six clusters that depict similar drought characteristics in Victoria, Australia. Overall, the drought severity class predicted was quite similar for all the clusters, with the non-drought class probabilities ranging from 49 to 57 %. For all clusters, the near normal class had a probability of occurrence varying from 27 to 38 %. For the more moderate and severe classes, the probabilities ranged from 2 to 13 % and 3 to 1 %, respectively. The developed model predicted drought situations 1 month ahead reasonably well. However, 2 and 3 months ahead predictions should be used with caution until the models are developed further.

Processing companies' preferences for attributes of beef in Switzerland.

PubMed

Boesch, Irene

2014-01-01

The aim of this work was to assess processing companies' preferences for attributes of Swiss beef. To this end, qualitative interviews were used to derive product attributes that determine the buying decision. Through an adaptive-choice based conjoint analysis survey and latent class analysis of choice data, we compute class preferences. Results show that there are two distinct classes. A smaller class emphasizes traceability back to the birth farm and low producer price, a larger class focuses on environmental effects and origin. Additionally we see that larger companies are more price-sensitive and smaller companies are more sensitive to origin of the animals. The results outlined in this paper may be used to target market segments and to derive differentiation strategies based on product characteristics. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Research on the methods for multi-class kernel CSP-based feature extraction].

PubMed

Wang, Jinjia; Zhang, Lingzhi; Hu, Bei

2012-04-01

To relax the presumption of strictly linear patterns in the common spatial patterns (CSP), we studied the kernel CSP (KCSP). A new multi-class KCSP (MKCSP) approach was proposed in this paper, which combines the kernel approach with multi-class CSP technique. In this approach, we used kernel spatial patterns for each class against all others, and extracted signal components specific to one condition from EEG data sets of multiple conditions. Then we performed classification using the Logistic linear classifier. Brain computer interface (BCI) competition III_3a was used in the experiment. Through the experiment, it can be proved that this approach could decompose the raw EEG singles into spatial patterns extracted from multi-class of single trial EEG, and could obtain good classification results.

The Impact of a Computer-Mediated Shadowing Activity on ESL Speaking Skill Development: A Pilot Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mishima, Masakazu; Cheng, Lixia

2017-01-01

This pilot study explored the instructional value and potential of a computer-mediated shadowing activity for improving English as a Second Language (ESL) learners' speech intelligibility. Prospective International Teaching Assistants (ITAs), who were enrolled in an ESL classroom communication class at a large public university, completed a…

Potential Physical Disabilities in Computerized Journalism Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson, Nancy Beth

Computers, depending on how they are used, can be both a boon and a menace to health and performance. With the increasing presence of computers on campus, journalism educators must make sure they are not creating a new class of disabled persons among their students and disabling themselves in the process. Journalism schools across the United…

Mission-based Scenario Research: Experimental Design And Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

neurotechnologies called Brain-Computer Interaction Technologies. 15. SUBJECT TERMS neuroimaging, EEG, task loading, neurotechnologies , ground... neurotechnologies called Brain-Computer Interaction Technologies. INTRODUCTION Imagine a system that can identify operator fatigue during a long-term...BCIT), a class of neurotechnologies , that aim to improve task performance by incorporating measures of brain activity to optimize the interactions

Playing Computer Games Versus Better Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Din, Feng S.; Caleo, Josephine

This study investigated whether kindergarten students who played Sony Play Station (Lightspan) computer games learned better than peers who did not play such games. Participants were 47 African-American kindergartners from two classes of an urban school in the Northeast. A pretest and posttest with control group design was used in the study. The…

Demonstrating Operating System Principles via Computer Forensics Exercises

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duffy, Kevin P.; Davis, Martin H., Jr.; Sethi, Vikram

2010-01-01

We explore the feasibility of sparking student curiosity and interest in the core required MIS operating systems course through inclusion of computer forensics exercises into the course. Students were presented with two in-class exercises. Each exercise demonstrated an aspect of the operating system, and each exercise was written as a computer…

An Investigation of the Relationships among Technology Experiences, Communication Apprehension, Writing Apprehension and Computer Anxiety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDowell, Earl E.; Schuelke, L. David

This study explored the relationships among communication technologies, communication apprehension, writing apprehension, and computer anxiety. Participants were 130 students from a variety of undergraduate oral communication classes in a large midwestern university who completed a modified form, 10 items, of McCroskey's Personal Report of…

An Interactive Computer-Based Conferencing System to Accommodate Students' Learning Process.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saiedian, Hossein

1993-01-01

Describes an integrated computer-based conferencing and mail system called ICMS (Integrated Conferencing and Mail System) that was developed to encourage students to participate in class discussions more actively. The menu-driven user interface is explained, and ICMS's role in promoting self-assessment and critical thinking is discussed. (eight…

Building Fossils in the Elementary School and Writing about Them Using Computers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schlenker, Richard M.; Yoshida, Sarah

This material describes a fossil-building activity using sea shells, chicken bones, and plaster for grade one through three students. Related process skills, vocabulary, computer principles, time requirements, and materials are listed. Two methods of building the fossils are discussed. After building the fossils, classes may be divided into pairs…

An Evaluation of Computer-Managed Education Technology at New York City Community College.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chitayat, Linda

The Computer-Managed Education Technology (COMET) program was designed to improve group instruction through the use of technological aids in the classroom. Specific objectives included: (1) improving feedback on student comprehension during a class period; (2) facilitating the administration and grading of homework and quizzes; (3) providing for…

NRC Class 1E Digital Computer System Guidelines

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-05-01

then be "proved" that the vessel cannot be at high temperature state and norma ! t emperature state at the same time. The question whether high, normal...3 of Dependability of critical computer systems. Elsever Applied Science, 1988. [18] J. W. Duran and S. C. Ntafos, "A report on random testing," in

Computer Supported Education at Fox Valley Technical Institute. IBM Application Brief.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Business Machines Corp., White Plains, NY.

Fox Valley Technical Institute (FVTI) has developed an approach to education which emphasizes competency-based, round-the-clock education entailing short terms, flexible class schedules, and individualized instruction and which has as its focus strong computer support at classroom, technical, and management levels. The college provides 6,000…

A One-Year Introductory Robotics Curriculum for Computer Science Upperclassmen

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Correll, N.; Wing, R.; Coleman, D.

2013-01-01

This paper describes a one-year introductory robotics course sequence focusing on computational aspects of robotics for third- and fourth-year students. The key challenges this curriculum addresses are "scalability," i.e., how to teach a robotics class with a limited amount of hardware to a large audience, "student assessment,"…

Assessing the Effectiveness of a Computer Simulation for Teaching Ecological Experimental Design

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stafford, Richard; Goodenough, Anne E.; Davies, Mark S.

2010-01-01

Designing manipulative ecological experiments is a complex and time-consuming process that is problematic to teach in traditional undergraduate classes. This study investigates the effectiveness of using a computer simulation--the Virtual Rocky Shore (VRS)--to facilitate rapid, student-centred learning of experimental design. We gave a series of…

Computer Aided Learning of Mathematics: Software Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yushau, B.; Bokhari, M. A.; Wessels, D. C. J.

2004-01-01

Computer Aided Learning of Mathematics (CALM) has been in use for some time in the Prep-Year Mathematics Program at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals. Different kinds of software (both locally designed and imported) have been used in the quest of optimizing the recitation/problem session hour of the mathematics classes. This paper…

The Effectiveness of Interactivity in Multimedia Software Tutorials

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitman, Lisa

2013-01-01

Many people face the challenge of finding effective computer-based software instruction, including employees who must learn how to use software applications for their job and students of distance education classes. Therefore, it is important to conduct research on how computer-based multimedia software tutorials should be designed so they are as…

Structural Reproduction of Social Networks in Computer-Mediated Communication Forums

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stefanone, M. A.; Gay, G.

2008-01-01

This study explores the relationship between the structure of an existing social network and the structure of an emergent discussion-board network in an undergraduate university class. Thirty-one students were issued with laptop computers that remained in their possession for the duration of the semester. While using these machines, participants'…

Computer Grading As an Instructional Tool.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rottmann, Ray M.; Hudson, H. T.

1983-01-01

Describes computer grading system providing/storing scores and giving feedback to instructors on how students are performing on a day-to-day basis and how they are handling course concepts. Focuses on the hardware and software of this efficient computerized grading package, which can be used with classes of 250 students (or larger). (Author/JN)

Online Secondary Research in the Advertising Research Class: A Friendly Introduction to Computing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adler, Keith

In an effort to promote computer literacy among advertising students, an assignment was devised that required the use of online database search techniques to find secondary research materials. The search program, chosen for economical reasons, was "Classroom Instruction Program" offered by Dialog Information Services. Available for a…

Computer System Resource Requirements of Novice Programming Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nutt, Gary J.

The characteristics of jobs that constitute the mix for lower division FORTRAN classes in a university were investigated. Samples of these programs were also benchmarked on a larger central site computer and two minicomputer systems. It was concluded that a carefully chosen minicomputer system could offer service at least the equivalent of the…

Fractal Simulations of African Design in Pre-College Computing Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eglash, Ron; Krishnamoorthy, Mukkai; Sanchez, Jason; Woodbridge, Andrew

2011-01-01

This article describes the use of fractal simulations of African design in a high school computing class. Fractal patterns--repetitions of shape at multiple scales--are a common feature in many aspects of African design. In African architecture we often see circular houses grouped in circular complexes, or rectangular houses in rectangular…

Information Technology Planning: Computers in the School Library--How Many Are Enough?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simpson, Carol

2002-01-01

Describes the development of a formula to determine the needed quantity of computers for a school library. Four types of information technology activities (administrative, personal productive, class/group productive, online public access catalog) and several variables (age levels served, campus focus, number of staff, size of student body, average…

Computer Programs for Technical Communicators: The Compelling Curriculum. Working Draft.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Selfe, Cynthia L.; Wahlstrom, Billie J.

A series of computer programs have been developed at Michigan Technological University for use with technical writing and technical communications classes. The first type of program in the series, CURIE II, includes process-based modules, each of which corresponds to one of the following assignments: memoranda, resumes, feasibility reports,…

Computer-Mediated Communication as Experienced by Korean Women Students in US Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baek, Mikyung; Damarin, Suzanne K.

2008-01-01

Having grown up in an age of rapidly developing electronic communication technology, today's students come to higher education with high levels of comfort and familiarity with computer-mediated communication (CMC, hereafter). The students' level of comfort with CMC, coupled with CMC's promises of enabling supplemental class discussion as well as…

The Effects of Korean Learners' Online Experiences on Their English Writing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Park, Chanho; Cho, Sookyung

2014-01-01

This study aims to examine the effects of the online writing experiences of English as a foreign language (EFL) learners on their self-efficacy, attitudes, and performance in a computer-mediated writing classroom (CMC). Although the close relationship between students' computer experiences and class performance has been positively confirmed in…

Ideas for Integrating the Microcomputer into Science Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pollard, Jim, Ed.

Much of the innovation in the use of microcomputers in education has come from classroom teachers who are using computers with students. In October, 1987, forums were held for secondary school science teachers who were using computers in their science classes. Within this document are some of the lesson plans that the participating teachers…

Computer Game Design: Opportunities for Successful Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robertson, Judy; Howells, Cathrin

2008-01-01

Developing children as successful learners is a key aim of "A Curriculum for Excellence" in Scotland. This paper presents qualitative results from an eight week exploratory field study in which a class of ten year olds made their own computer games. The analysis focuses on the development of aspects of successful learning as identified…

An Analysis of a Computer Assisted Learning System: Student Perception and Reactions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gibbs, W. J.; And Others

Within the Mathematics of Finance classes at the Smeal College of Business Administration at Penn State University, lectures are developed using Asymetric's Toolbook program and are presented through a computer system. This approach was implemented because it has the potential to convey effectively concepts that are ordinarily difficult to…

EFL Writing Revision with Blind Expert and Peer Review Using a CMC Open Forum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wu, Wen-Chi Vivian; Petit, Emily; Chen, Ching-Huei

2015-01-01

This exploratory computer assisted-language learning (CALL) study used a computer-mediated communication (CMC) interface to allow English as a foreign language (EFL) writing students in classes at two universities to give each other anonymous peer feedback about essay-writing assignments reacting to selected news stories. Experts also provided…

Critical Thinking about Literature through Computer Networking.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Long, Thomas L.; Pedersen, Christine

A computer-oriented, classroom-based research project was conducted at Thomas Nelson Community College in Hampton, Virginia, to explore the ways in which students in a composition and literature class might use a local area network (LAN) as a catalyst to critical thinking, to construct a decentralized classroom, and to use various forms of…

The Computer: An Art Tool for the Visually Gifted. A Curriculum Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suter, Thomas E.; Bibbey, Melissa R.

This curriculum guide, developed and used in Wheelersburg (Ohio) with visually talented students, shows how such students can be taught to utilize computers as an art medium and tool. An initial section covers program implementation including setup, class structure and scheduling, teaching strategies, and housecleaning and maintenance. Seventeen…

A Study of the Use of a Handheld Computer Algebra System in Discrete Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Powers, Robert A.; Allison, Dean E.; Grassl, Richard M.

2005-01-01

This study investigated the impact of the TI-92 handheld Computer Algebra System (CAS) on student achievement in a discrete mathematics course. Specifically, the researchers examined the differences between a CAS section and a control section of discrete mathematics on students' in-class examinations. Additionally, they analysed student approaches…

Developing Computer-Interactive Tape Exercises for Intermediate-Level Business French.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garnett, Mary Anne

One college language teacher developed computer-interactive audiotape exercises for an intermediate-level class in business French. The project was undertaken because of a need for appropriate materials at that level. The use of authoring software permitted development of a variety of activity types, including multiple-choice, fill-in-the-blank,…

The WHATs and HOWs of Maturing Computational and Software Engineering Skills in Russian Higher Education Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Semushin, I. V.; Tsyganova, J. V.; Ugarov, V. V.; Afanasova, A. I.

2018-01-01

Russian higher education institutions' tradition of teaching large-enrolled classes is impairing student striving for individual prominence, one-upmanship, and hopes for originality. Intending to converting these drawbacks into benefits, a Project-Centred Education Model (PCEM) has been introduced to deliver Computational Mathematics and…

A Computer-Assisted-Instruction Course in Vocabulary Building through Latin and Greek Roots

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scanlan, Richard T.

1976-01-01

A course in the enlargement of students' English vocabulary through the study of Latin and Greek roots and their derivatives was developed by the Department of Classics at the University of Illinois. The class makes use of computer assisted instruction on the PLATO IV system. (Author/RM)

How In-Service Teachers Develop Electronic Lessons

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zsoldos-Marchis, Iuliana

2014-01-01

Computer assisted teaching (CAL) is considered to be a modern teaching method, but it is not widely used by teachers because lack of technology and adequate educational softwares in schools; or lack of teachers' knowledge on methodology and computer use. In order to select the most efficient educational software for their class, teachers should…

Supporting Student Learning: The Use of Computer-Based Formative Assessment Modules.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peat, Mary; Franklin, Sue

2002-01-01

Describes the development of a variety of computer-based assessment opportunities, both formative and summative, that are available to a large first-year biology class at the University of Sydney (Australia). Discusses online access to weekly quizzes, a mock exam, and special self-assessment modules that are beneficial to student learning.…

34 CFR 410.5 - What definitions apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... student has enrolled. Credit earned by the student for purposes of obtaining a high school degree or its... classes offered during a summer term must be counted toward the computation of the Indian student count in... summer term must be counted toward the computation of the Indian student count if the institution at...

34 CFR 410.5 - What definitions apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... student has enrolled. Credit earned by the student for purposes of obtaining a high school degree or its... classes offered during a summer term must be counted toward the computation of the Indian student count in... summer term must be counted toward the computation of the Indian student count if the institution at...

Efficient Computation of Separation-Compliant Speed Advisories for Air Traffic Arriving in Terminal Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sadovsky, Alexander V.; Davis, Damek; Isaacson, Douglas R.

2012-01-01

A class of problems in air traffic management asks for a scheduling algorithm that supplies the air traffic services authority not only with a schedule of arrivals and departures, but also with speed advisories. Since advisories must be finite, a scheduling algorithm must ultimately produce a finite data set, hence must either start with a purely discrete model or involve a discretization of a continuous one. The former choice, often preferred for intuitive clarity, naturally leads to mixed-integer programs, hindering proofs of correctness and computational cost bounds (crucial for real-time operations). In this paper, a hybrid control system is used to model air traffic scheduling, capturing both the discrete and continuous aspects. This framework is applied to a class of problems, called the Fully Routed Nominal Problem. We prove a number of geometric results on feasible schedules and use these results to formulate an algorithm that attempts to compute a collective speed advisory, effectively finite, and has computational cost polynomial in the number of aircraft. This work is a first step toward optimization and models refined with more realistic detail.

Zonal methods for the parallel execution of range-limited N-body simulations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bowers, Kevin J.; Dror, Ron O.; Shaw, David E.

2007-01-20

Particle simulations in fields ranging from biochemistry to astrophysics require the evaluation of interactions between all pairs of particles separated by less than some fixed interaction radius. The applicability of such simulations is often limited by the time required for calculation, but the use of massive parallelism to accelerate these computations is typically limited by inter-processor communication requirements. Recently, Snir [M. Snir, A note on N-body computations with cutoffs, Theor. Comput. Syst. 37 (2004) 295-318] and Shaw [D.E. Shaw, A fast, scalable method for the parallel evaluation of distance-limited pairwise particle interactions, J. Comput. Chem. 26 (2005) 1318-1328] independently introducedmore » two distinct methods that offer asymptotic reductions in the amount of data transferred between processors. In the present paper, we show that these schemes represent special cases of a more general class of methods, and introduce several new algorithms in this class that offer practical advantages over all previously described methods for a wide range of problem parameters. We also show that several of these algorithms approach an approximate lower bound on inter-processor data transfer.« less

Computer-Aided Construction at Designing Reinforced Concrete Columns as Per Ec

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zielińska, M.; Grębowski, K.

2015-02-01

The article presents the authors' computer program for designing and dimensioning columns in reinforced concrete structures taking into account phenomena affecting their behaviour and information referring to design as per EC. The computer program was developed with the use of C++ programming language. The program guides the user through particular dimensioning stages: from introducing basic data such as dimensions, concrete class, reinforcing steel class and forces affecting the column, through calculating the creep coefficient taking into account the impact of imperfection depending on the support scheme and also the number of mating members at load shit, buckling length, to generating the interaction curve graph. The final result of calculations provides two dependence points calculated as per methods of nominal stiffness and nominal curvature. The location of those points relative to the limit curve determines whether the column load capacity is assured or has been exceeded. The content of the study describes in detail the operation of the computer program and the methodology and phenomena which are indispensable at designing axially and eccentrically the compressed members of reinforced concrete structures as per the European standards.

An evaluation of three methods of saying "no" to avoid an escalating response class hierarchy.

PubMed

Mace, F Charles; Pratt, Jamie L; Prager, Kevin L; Pritchard, Duncan

2011-01-01

We evaluated the effects of three different methods of denying access to requested high-preference activities on escalating problem behavior. Functional analysis and response class hierarchy (RCH) assessment results indicated that 4 topographies of problem behaviors displayed by a 13-year-old boy with high-functioning autism constituted an RCH maintained by positive (tangible) reinforcement. Identification of the RCH comprised the baseline phase, during which computer access was denied by saying "no" and providing an explanation for the restriction. Two alternative methods of saying "no" were then evaluated. These methods included (a) denying computer access while providing an opportunity to engage in an alternative preferred activity and (b) denying immediate computer access by arranging a contingency between completion of a low-preference task and subsequent computer access. Results indicated that a hierarchy of problem behavior may be identified in the context of denying access to a preferred activity and that it may be possible to prevent occurrences of escalating problem behavior by either presenting alternative options or arranging contingencies when saying "no" to a child's requests.

Contextuality as a Resource for Models of Quantum Computation with Qubits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bermejo-Vega, Juan; Delfosse, Nicolas; Browne, Dan E.; Okay, Cihan; Raussendorf, Robert

2017-09-01

A central question in quantum computation is to identify the resources that are responsible for quantum speed-up. Quantum contextuality has been recently shown to be a resource for quantum computation with magic states for odd-prime dimensional qudits and two-dimensional systems with real wave functions. The phenomenon of state-independent contextuality poses a priori an obstruction to characterizing the case of regular qubits, the fundamental building block of quantum computation. Here, we establish contextuality of magic states as a necessary resource for a large class of quantum computation schemes on qubits. We illustrate our result with a concrete scheme related to measurement-based quantum computation.

Massively parallel unsupervised single-particle cryo-EM data clustering via statistical manifold learning

PubMed Central

Wu, Jiayi; Ma, Yong-Bei; Congdon, Charles; Brett, Bevin; Chen, Shuobing; Xu, Yaofang; Ouyang, Qi

2017-01-01

Structural heterogeneity in single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) data represents a major challenge for high-resolution structure determination. Unsupervised classification may serve as the first step in the assessment of structural heterogeneity. However, traditional algorithms for unsupervised classification, such as K-means clustering and maximum likelihood optimization, may classify images into wrong classes with decreasing signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) in the image data, yet demand increased computational costs. Overcoming these limitations requires further development of clustering algorithms for high-performance cryo-EM data processing. Here we introduce an unsupervised single-particle clustering algorithm derived from a statistical manifold learning framework called generative topographic mapping (GTM). We show that unsupervised GTM clustering improves classification accuracy by about 40% in the absence of input references for data with lower SNRs. Applications to several experimental datasets suggest that our algorithm can detect subtle structural differences among classes via a hierarchical clustering strategy. After code optimization over a high-performance computing (HPC) environment, our software implementation was able to generate thousands of reference-free class averages within hours in a massively parallel fashion, which allows a significant improvement on ab initio 3D reconstruction and assists in the computational purification of homogeneous datasets for high-resolution visualization. PMID:28786986

Massively parallel unsupervised single-particle cryo-EM data clustering via statistical manifold learning.

PubMed

Wu, Jiayi; Ma, Yong-Bei; Congdon, Charles; Brett, Bevin; Chen, Shuobing; Xu, Yaofang; Ouyang, Qi; Mao, Youdong

2017-01-01

Structural heterogeneity in single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) data represents a major challenge for high-resolution structure determination. Unsupervised classification may serve as the first step in the assessment of structural heterogeneity. However, traditional algorithms for unsupervised classification, such as K-means clustering and maximum likelihood optimization, may classify images into wrong classes with decreasing signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) in the image data, yet demand increased computational costs. Overcoming these limitations requires further development of clustering algorithms for high-performance cryo-EM data processing. Here we introduce an unsupervised single-particle clustering algorithm derived from a statistical manifold learning framework called generative topographic mapping (GTM). We show that unsupervised GTM clustering improves classification accuracy by about 40% in the absence of input references for data with lower SNRs. Applications to several experimental datasets suggest that our algorithm can detect subtle structural differences among classes via a hierarchical clustering strategy. After code optimization over a high-performance computing (HPC) environment, our software implementation was able to generate thousands of reference-free class averages within hours in a massively parallel fashion, which allows a significant improvement on ab initio 3D reconstruction and assists in the computational purification of homogeneous datasets for high-resolution visualization.

A novel VLSI processor architecture for supercomputing arrays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Venkateswaran, N.; Pattabiraman, S.; Devanathan, R.; Ahmed, Ashaf; Venkataraman, S.; Ganesh, N.

1993-01-01

Design of the processor element for general purpose massively parallel supercomputing arrays is highly complex and cost ineffective. To overcome this, the architecture and organization of the functional units of the processor element should be such as to suit the diverse computational structures and simplify mapping of complex communication structures of different classes of algorithms. This demands that the computation and communication structures of different class of algorithms be unified. While unifying the different communication structures is a difficult process, analysis of a wide class of algorithms reveals that their computation structures can be expressed in terms of basic IP,IP,OP,CM,R,SM, and MAA operations. The execution of these operations is unified on the PAcube macro-cell array. Based on this PAcube macro-cell array, we present a novel processor element called the GIPOP processor, which has dedicated functional units to perform the above operations. The architecture and organization of these functional units are such to satisfy the two important criteria mentioned above. The structure of the macro-cell and the unification process has led to a very regular and simpler design of the GIPOP processor. The production cost of the GIPOP processor is drastically reduced as it is designed on high performance mask programmable PAcube arrays.

Linear Subpixel Learning Algorithm for Land Cover Classification from WELD using High Performance Computing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kumar, Uttam; Nemani, Ramakrishna R.; Ganguly, Sangram; Kalia, Subodh; Michaelis, Andrew

2017-01-01

In this work, we use a Fully Constrained Least Squares Subpixel Learning Algorithm to unmix global WELD (Web Enabled Landsat Data) to obtain fractions or abundances of substrate (S), vegetation (V) and dark objects (D) classes. Because of the sheer nature of data and compute needs, we leveraged the NASA Earth Exchange (NEX) high performance computing architecture to optimize and scale our algorithm for large-scale processing. Subsequently, the S-V-D abundance maps were characterized into 4 classes namely, forest, farmland, water and urban areas (with NPP-VIIRS-national polar orbiting partnership visible infrared imaging radiometer suite nighttime lights data) over California, USA using Random Forest classifier. Validation of these land cover maps with NLCD (National Land Cover Database) 2011 products and NAFD (North American Forest Dynamics) static forest cover maps showed that an overall classification accuracy of over 91 percent was achieved, which is a 6 percent improvement in unmixing based classification relative to per-pixel-based classification. As such, abundance maps continue to offer an useful alternative to high-spatial resolution data derived classification maps for forest inventory analysis, multi-class mapping for eco-climatic models and applications, fast multi-temporal trend analysis and for societal and policy-relevant applications needed at the watershed scale.

Linear Subpixel Learning Algorithm for Land Cover Classification from WELD using High Performance Computing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ganguly, S.; Kumar, U.; Nemani, R. R.; Kalia, S.; Michaelis, A.

2017-12-01

In this work, we use a Fully Constrained Least Squares Subpixel Learning Algorithm to unmix global WELD (Web Enabled Landsat Data) to obtain fractions or abundances of substrate (S), vegetation (V) and dark objects (D) classes. Because of the sheer nature of data and compute needs, we leveraged the NASA Earth Exchange (NEX) high performance computing architecture to optimize and scale our algorithm for large-scale processing. Subsequently, the S-V-D abundance maps were characterized into 4 classes namely, forest, farmland, water and urban areas (with NPP-VIIRS - national polar orbiting partnership visible infrared imaging radiometer suite nighttime lights data) over California, USA using Random Forest classifier. Validation of these land cover maps with NLCD (National Land Cover Database) 2011 products and NAFD (North American Forest Dynamics) static forest cover maps showed that an overall classification accuracy of over 91% was achieved, which is a 6% improvement in unmixing based classification relative to per-pixel based classification. As such, abundance maps continue to offer an useful alternative to high-spatial resolution data derived classification maps for forest inventory analysis, multi-class mapping for eco-climatic models and applications, fast multi-temporal trend analysis and for societal and policy-relevant applications needed at the watershed scale.

Shape classification of malignant lymphomas and leukemia by morphological watersheds and ARMA modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Celenk, Mehmet; Song, Yinglei; Ma, Limin; Zhou, Min

2003-05-01

A new algorithm that can be used to automatically recognize and classify malignant lymphomas and lukemia is proposed in this paper. The algorithm utilizes the morphological watershed to extract boundaries of cells from their grey-level images. It generates a sequence of Euclidean distances by selecting pixels in clockwise direction on the boundary of the cell and calculating the Euclidean distances of the selected pixels from the centroid of the cell. A feature vector associated with each cell is then obtained by applying the auto-regressive moving-average (ARMA) model to the generated sequence of Euclidean distances. The clustering measure J3=trace{inverse(Sw-1)Sm} involving the within (Sw) and mixed (Sm) class-scattering matrices is computed for both cell classes to provide an insight into the extent to which different cell classes in the training data are separated. Our test results suggest that the algorithm is highly accurate for the development of an interactive, computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) tool.

Principal components technique analysis for vegetation and land use discrimination. [Brazilian cerrados

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parada, N. D. J. (Principal Investigator); Formaggio, A. R.; Dossantos, J. R.; Dias, L. A. V.

1984-01-01

Automatic pre-processing technique called Principal Components (PRINCO) in analyzing LANDSAT digitized data, for land use and vegetation cover, on the Brazilian cerrados was evaluated. The chosen pilot area, 223/67 of MSS/LANDSAT 3, was classified on a GE Image-100 System, through a maximum-likehood algorithm (MAXVER). The same procedure was applied to the PRINCO treated image. PRINCO consists of a linear transformation performed on the original bands, in order to eliminate the information redundancy of the LANDSAT channels. After PRINCO only two channels were used thus reducing computer effort. The original channels and the PRINCO channels grey levels for the five identified classes (grassland, "cerrado", burned areas, anthropic areas, and gallery forest) were obtained through the MAXVER algorithm. This algorithm also presented the average performance for both cases. In order to evaluate the results, the Jeffreys-Matusita distance (JM-distance) between classes was computed. The classification matrix, obtained through MAXVER, after a PRINCO pre-processing, showed approximately the same average performance in the classes separability.

Models and techniques for evaluating the effectiveness of aircraft computing systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meyer, J. F.

1977-01-01

Models, measures and techniques were developed for evaluating the effectiveness of aircraft computing systems. The concept of effectiveness involves aspects of system performance, reliability and worth. Specifically done was a detailed development of model hierarchy at mission, functional task, and computational task levels. An appropriate class of stochastic models was investigated which served as bottom level models in the hierarchial scheme. A unified measure of effectiveness called 'performability' was defined and formulated.

Description of textures by a structural analysis.

PubMed

Tomita, F; Shirai, Y; Tsuji, S

1982-02-01

A structural analysis system for describing natural textures is introduced. The analyzer automatically extracts the texture elements in an input image, measures their properties, classifies them into some distinctive classes (one ``ground'' class and some ``figure'' classes), and computes the distributions of the gray level, the shape, and the placement of the texture elements in each class. These descriptions are used for classification of texture images. An analysis-by-synthesis method for evaluating texture analyzers is also presented. We propose a synthesizer which generates a texture image based on the descriptions. By comparing the reconstructed image with the original one, we can see what information is preserved and what is lost in the descriptions.

Bounded-Degree Approximations of Stochastic Networks

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Quinn, Christopher J.; Pinar, Ali; Kiyavash, Negar

2017-06-01

We propose algorithms to approximate directed information graphs. Directed information graphs are probabilistic graphical models that depict causal dependencies between stochastic processes in a network. The proposed algorithms identify optimal and near-optimal approximations in terms of Kullback-Leibler divergence. The user-chosen sparsity trades off the quality of the approximation against visual conciseness and computational tractability. One class of approximations contains graphs with speci ed in-degrees. Another class additionally requires that the graph is connected. For both classes, we propose algorithms to identify the optimal approximations and also near-optimal approximations, using a novel relaxation of submodularity. We also propose algorithms to identifymore » the r-best approximations among these classes, enabling robust decision making.« less