Sample records for concluding section considers

  1. 19 CFR 351.507 - Equity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section, the Secretary will consider an equity infusion as being inconsistent... investor price under paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section, the Secretary will rely on sales of newly issued... paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section if the Secretary concludes that private investor purchases of newly...

  2. 19 CFR 351.507 - Equity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section, the Secretary will consider an equity infusion as being inconsistent... investor price under paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section, the Secretary will rely on sales of newly issued... paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section if the Secretary concludes that private investor purchases of newly...

  3. Child Pedestrian Injury: A Review of Behavioral Risks and Preventive Strategies

    PubMed Central

    Schwebel, David C.; Davis, Aaron L.; O’Neal, Elizabeth E.

    2011-01-01

    Pedestrian injury is among the leading causes of pediatric death in the United States and much of the world. This paper is divided into two sections. First, we review the literature on behavioral risk factors for child injury. Cognitive and perceptual development risks are discussed. The roles of distraction, temperament and personality, and social influences from parents and peers are presented. We conclude the first section with brief reviews of environmental risks, pedestrian safety among special populations, and the role of sleep and fatigue on pediatric pedestrian safety. The second section of the review considers child pedestrian injury prevention strategies. Categorized by mode of presentation, we discuss parent instruction strategies, school-based instruction strategies (including crossing guards), and streetside training techniques. Technology-based training strategies using video, internet, and virtual reality are reviewed. We conclude the section on prevention with discussion of community-based interventions. PMID:23066380

  4. Brain and psyche in early Christian asceticism.

    PubMed

    Bradford, David T

    2011-10-01

    This study is an 11-part investigation of the psychology and neuropsychology of early Christian asceticism as represented by Evagrius Ponticus (AD 345-399), the tradition's first ascetical theologian and possibly its mosfinfluential. Evagrius's biography is reviewed in the first section. The living circuinstaii and perceptual consequences of desert asceticism are considered in the second. Penitence, dispassion, and the mysticism of "pure prayer" are discussed in the third. Austerities are addressed in the fourth section, particularly fasting, prostrations, and prolonged standing. Ascetical perspectives on sleep, dreams, and the hypnogogic state are analyzed in the fifth. The depressive syndrome of acedia is discussed in the sixth. Evagrius's reports of auditory, olfactory, and visual hallucinations are analyzed in the seventh. Multiple complementary interpretations of demonic phenoniena are developed in the eighth section. Evagrius's psychotherapy for anger is reviewed in the ninth. Interpersonal relations among ascetics are considered in the tenth section. The study concludes with a summary.

  5. Aptian (lower Cretaceous) ammonite biostratigraphy of the Francisco Zarco Dam stratigraphic section (Durango State, northeast Mexico)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moreno-Bedmar, Josep Anton; Barragán Manzo, Ricardo; Company Sempere, Miguel; Bulot, Luc Georges

    2013-03-01

    This work deals with the study of the ammonoid record of a classical stratigraphic section of Aptian age, the Francisco Zarco Dam (Durango State, northeast Mexico). A detailed biostratigraphical analysis considered 1281 specimens systematically sampled on a bed-by-bed basis. Taphonomy, taxonomic composition and paleocology of the studied assemblage, were also stressed. We formally propose an ammonite zonation for this section, which consists of two interval zones, Dufrenoyia justinae and Gargasiceras? adkinsi, one taxon range zone Caseyella aguilerae, and one biohorizon Huastecoceras trispinosoides. Among those biostratigraphic units, three are of new definition. Another topic discussed herein concerns to the problematic definition of the Lower-Upper Aptian boundary using the first stratigraphical appearance of the genus Epicheloniceras. From a paleoecological point of view, we recognized the ammonoid assemblage of the Francisco Zarco Dam section, to be representative of a distal platform environment. Finally, we compared the zonation built for this section with that considered the standard zonation for the Tethyan Domain, concluding that the differences are so substantial that an independent zonation for the Central Atlantic is necessary.

  6. Generation, estimation, utilization, availability and compatibility aspects of geodetic and meteorological data

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Luetzow, H.B.v.

    1983-08-01

    Following an introduction, the paper discusses in section 2 the collection or generation of final geodetic data from conventional surveys, satellite observations, satellite altimetry, the Global Positioning System, and moving base gravity gradiometers. Section 3 covers data utilization and accuracy aspects including gravity programmed inertial positioning and subterraneous mass detection. Section 4 addresses the usefulness and limitation of the collocation method of physical geodesy. Section 5 is concerned with the computation of classical climatological data. In section 6, meteorological data assimilation is considered. Section 7 deals with correlated aspects of initial data generation with emphasis on initial wind field determination,more » parameterized and classical hydrostatic prediction models, non-hydrostatic prediction, computational networks, and computer capacity. The paper concludes that geodetic and meteorological data are expected to become increasingly more diversified and voluminous both regionally and globally, that its general availability will be more or less restricted for some time to come, that its quality and quantity are subject to change, and that meteorological data generation, accuracy and density have to be considered in conjunction with advanced as well as cost-effective numerical weather prediction models and associated computational efforts.« less

  7. Health, height, and history: an overview of recent developments in anthropometric history.

    PubMed

    Harris, B

    1994-08-01

    This paper examines some of the major developments in the field of anthropometric history since the end of the 1970s. The first two sections of the paper consider the conceptual basis of anthropometric history and the relationship between height and the standard of living. Sections 3-7 discuss the contributions made by anthropometric historians to our understanding of the social and economic history of the United States, the history of American slavery, the social history of the United Kingdom, the origins of Habsburg industrialization, and the standard of living in nineteenth-century Sweden. The concluding section summarizes the impact of anthropometric history and identifies a number of areas for further research.

  8. Implications of prospective payment under DRGs for hospital marketing.

    PubMed

    Folland, S; Ziegenfuss, J T; Chao, P

    1988-12-01

    The authors analyze the hospital marketing implications of Medicare's prospective payment system under DRGs. They take an appropriately broad view of marketing and consider related impacts on culture, structure, and management, in addition to the traditional marketing mix. The article serves to present in one place the ideas and discussions on the subject from a wide and disparate literature. The aim throughout is to identify those marketing responses warranting recommendation. The recommendations are assembled in a concluding section. Though many of the ideas are not new, they have yet to be widely adopted by hospitals. Hence they represent untapped marketing opportunities attributable to the advent of the DRG system. The authors conclude with suggestions for future research.

  9. Intent v. Impact: The Standard of Proof Necessary to Establish a Prima Facie Case of Race Discrimination under 42 U.S.C. Section 1981.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Heiser, Walter

    1979-01-01

    Considers action's impact and intent as proof; analyzes language, purpose, and legislative history of civil rights statutes; and concludes that the Supreme Court will likely require proof of intent to sustain a prima facie case of discrimination. Available from San Diego Law Review Association, University of San Diego School of Law, San Diego,…

  10. Automating the Analytical Laboratories Section, Lewis Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration: A feasibility study

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Boyle, W. G.; Barton, G. W.

    1979-01-01

    The feasibility of computerized automation of the Analytical Laboratories Section at NASA's Lewis Research Center was considered. Since that laboratory's duties are not routine, the automation goals were set with that in mind. Four instruments were selected as the most likely automation candidates: an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, an emission spectrometer, an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, and an X-ray diffraction unit. Two options for computer automation were described: a time-shared central computer and a system with microcomputers for each instrument connected to a central computer. A third option, presented for future planning, expands the microcomputer version. Costs and benefits for each option were considered. It was concluded that the microcomputer version best fits the goals and duties of the laboratory and that such an automted system is needed to meet the laboratory's future requirements.

  11. Undermining capitalism - state ownership and the dialectic of control in the British coal industry

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Krieger, J.

    1983-01-01

    The first section of this publication considers state ownership and contradictions of bureaucratic management with regard to the National Coal Board (NCB). Wages policy is discussed in terms of national rationalization, in particular the 1966 National Power Loading Agreement (NPLA). The second section outlines the effects of wage policy and structure upon production and also assesses the effects of work rules which determine organization of labour, division of tasks, norms for co-operation between team and shift groups etc. The third section discusses changes in power and labour relations and demonstrates distinctive regional patterns in the politics of productivity under piece-ratemore » and time-based wage structures. Subsequent sections comprise colliery studies in County Durham and Nottinghamshire. The concluding chapter summarizes the arguments put forward in the preceding sections and discusses the relationship between organizational structure and class power.« less

  12. Generation of surface plasmons with compact devices

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baron, A.; Lalanne, P.; Gan, C. H.; Hugonin, J. P.

    2013-03-01

    We review the properties of the generation of surface plasmons by subwavelength isolated slits in metal films and by small ensembles of slits. After an introduction, in Section 2, we recall the theoretical modal formalism that allows us to calculate the generation efficiency of SPP from the total field scattered by an indentation on a metal film. We also rapidly discuss the main results known of the SPP generation efficiency by subwavelength tiny slits or grooves. In Section 3, we consider the special case of wavelength-large slits that support two propagative modes and that allow us to dynamically control the direction of generated surface plasmons. In Section 4, we conclude by describing a compact and efficient device capable of launching SPPs in a single direction with a normally incident beam.

  13. Cholera studies*

    PubMed Central

    Pollitzer, R.

    1957-01-01

    Discussing the symptomatology of cholera, the author deals first with the incubation period, the clinical types, choleraic diarrhoea, and cholerine; he then considers in detail the various stages of cholera gravis and the relapses and complications that may be met. This is followed by sections on diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and on prognosis and the various factors influencing it. The author's highly detailed review of the treatment of cholera which concludes this study is divided into three parts, dealing with attempts at specific therapy, with infusion treatment, and with adjuvant treatment. PMID:13426761

  14. Bifurcation theory applied to buckling states of a cylindrical shell

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chaskalovic, J.; Naili, S.

    1995-01-01

    Veins, bronchii, and many other vessels in the human body are flexible enough to be capable of collapse if submitted to suitable applied external and internal loads. One way to describe this phenomenon is to consider an inextensible elastic and infinite tube, with a circular cross section in the reference configuration, subjected to a uniform external pressure. In this paper, we establish that the nonlinear equilibrium equation for this model has nontrivial solutions which appear for critical values of the pressure. To this end, the tools we use are the Liapunov-Schmidt decomposition and the bifurcation theorem for simple multiplicity. We conclude with the bifurcation diagram, showing the dependence between the cross-sectional area and the pressure.

  15. Introduction to the special section on developing guidelines for the evidence-based assessment (EBA) of adult disorders.

    PubMed

    Hunsley, John; Mash, Eric J

    2005-09-01

    The goal of this special section is to encourage greater awareness of evidence-based assessment (EBA) in the development of a scientifically supported clinical psychology. In this introductory article, the authors describe the elements that authors in this special section were asked to consider in their focused reviews (including the scope of available psychometric evidence, advancements in psychopathology research, and evidence of attention to factors such as gender, age, and ethnicity in measure validation). The authors then present central issues evident in the articles that deal with anxiety, depression, personality disorders, and couple distress and in the accompanying commentaries. The authors conclude by presenting key themes emerging from the articles in this special section, including gaps in psychometric information, limited information about the utility of assessment, the discrepancy between recommended EBAs and current training and practice, and the need for further data on the process of clinical assessment.

  16. MHD Turbulence at Moderate Magnetic Reynolds Number

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Knaepen, B.; Kassinos, S.; Carati, D.

    2003-01-01

    In the present article we will consider the decay of MHD turbulence under the influence of a strong external magnetic field at moderate magnetic Reynolds numbers. Typical values of R(sub m) that are considered here range from R(sub m) approx. 0.1 to R(sub m) approx. 20. As a comparison, the initial kinetic Reynolds number common to all our simulations is Re(sub L) = 199. This means that the range of Prandtl numbers explored is 5 x 10(exp -4) to 10(exp -1). Our motivation is mainly to exhibit how the transition from the QS approximation to FMHD occurs. At the lowest values of R(sub m) studied here, the QS approximation is shown to model the flow faithfully. However, for the higher values of R(sub m) considered, it is clearly inadequate but can be replaced by another approximation which will be referred to as the Quasi-Linear (QL) approximation. Another objective of the present study is to describe how variations in the magnetic Reynolds number (while maintaining all other parameters constant) affect the dynamics of the flow. This complements past studies where variations in either the strength of the external magnetic field or the kinetic Reynolds number were considered. This article is organized as follows. In section 2 we recall the definition of the quasi-static approximation. Section 3 is devoted to the description of the numerical experiments performed using the quasi-static approximation and full MHD. In section 4 we describe the quasi-linear approximation and test it numerically against full MHD. A concluding summary is given in section 5.

  17. Illustrating the practice of statistics

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hamada, Christina A; Hamada, Michael S

    2009-01-01

    The practice of statistics involves analyzing data and planning data collection schemes to answer scientific questions. Issues often arise with the data that must be dealt with and can lead to new procedures. In analyzing data, these issues can sometimes be addressed through the statistical models that are developed. Simulation can also be helpful in evaluating a new procedure. Moreover, simulation coupled with optimization can be used to plan a data collection scheme. The practice of statistics as just described is much more than just using a statistical package. In analyzing the data, it involves understanding the scientific problem andmore » incorporating the scientist's knowledge. In modeling the data, it involves understanding how the data were collected and accounting for limitations of the data where possible. Moreover, the modeling is likely to be iterative by considering a series of models and evaluating the fit of these models. Designing a data collection scheme involves understanding the scientist's goal and staying within hislher budget in terms of time and the available resources. Consequently, a practicing statistician is faced with such tasks and requires skills and tools to do them quickly. We have written this article for students to provide a glimpse of the practice of statistics. To illustrate the practice of statistics, we consider a problem motivated by some precipitation data that our relative, Masaru Hamada, collected some years ago. We describe his rain gauge observational study in Section 2. We describe modeling and an initial analysis of the precipitation data in Section 3. In Section 4, we consider alternative analyses that address potential issues with the precipitation data. In Section 5, we consider the impact of incorporating additional infonnation. We design a data collection scheme to illustrate the use of simulation and optimization in Section 6. We conclude this article in Section 7 with a discussion.« less

  18. Did mud contribute to freeway collapse?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hough, Susan E.; Friberg, Paul A.; Busby, Robert; Field, Edward F.; Jacob, Klaus H.; Borcherdt, Roger D.

    At least 41 people were killed October 17 when the upper tier of the Nimitz Freeway in Oakland, Calif., collapsed during the Ms = 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake. Seismologists studying aftershocks concluded that soil conditions and resulting ground motion amplification were important in the failure of the structure and should be considered in the reconstruction of the highway.Structural design weaknesses in the two-tiered freeway, known as the Cypress structure, had been identified before the tragedy. The seismologists, from Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory in Palisades, N.Y., and the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, Calif., found that the collapsed section was built on fill over Bay mud. A southern section of the Cypress structure built on alluvium of Quaternary age did not collapse (see Figure 1).

  19. Societal trends, mobility behaviour and sustainable transport in Europe and North America: the European Union network STELLA.

    PubMed

    Rudinger, Georg; Donaghy, Kieran; Poppelreuter, Stefan

    2004-12-01

    This contribution introduces the work of the European Union network Sustainable Transport in Europe and Links and Liaisons to America (STELLA) in the first section and examines especially social and behavioural aspects of sustainable transport from a transatlantic perspective in the second section. One of the most significant societal trends, the ageing of societies, is surveyed and its implications for mobility behaviour are shown. The sustainability of this behaviour is considered along with constraints and drivers of this behaviour in Europe and North America. The contribution takes up relevant policy issues and concludes with a discussion of a transatlantic research agenda on social and behavioural aspects of sustainable transport especially concerning the elderly.

  20. Explicit and Implicit Emotion Regulation: A Dual-Process Framework

    PubMed Central

    Gyurak, Anett; Gross, James J.; Etkin, Amit

    2012-01-01

    It is widely acknowledged that emotions can be regulated in an astonishing variety of ways. Most research to date has focused on explicit (effortful) forms of emotion regulation. However, there is growing research interest in implicit (automatic) forms of emotion regulation. To organize emerging findings, we present a dual-process framework that integrates explicit and implicit forms of emotion regulation, and argue that both forms of regulation are necessary for well-being. In the first section of this review, we provide a broad overview of the construct of emotion regulation, with an emphasis on explicit and implicit processes. In the second section, we focus on explicit emotion regulation, considering both neural mechanisms that are associated with these processes and their experiential and physiological consequences. In the third section, we turn to several forms of implicit emotion regulation, and integrate the burgeoning literature in this area. We conclude by outlining open questions and areas for future research. PMID:21432682

  1. Cholera studies*

    PubMed Central

    Pollitzer, R.

    1957-01-01

    In discussing prevention, the author deals first with the provision of permanently safe water, supplied from waterworks or wells, and with other improvements in environmental sanitation. Control of food and drinks, public health propaganda and education, and vaccination are also considered under this heading. The greater part of this study is devoted to suppressive measures, affecting the individual, the environment, and persons in the mass. Discussion of the isolation, detection and management of cholera patients, the management of contacts, and the management and treatment of carriers is followed by sections on, inter alia, disinfection, temporary improvements in water supplies, fly control, and personal prophylaxis. In dealing with mass prophylaxis, the author pays particular attention to vaccination. In the concluding sections he goes into the control of pilgrimages and local and international quarantine measures. PMID:13479774

  2. Cultural differences in survey responding: Issues and insights in the study of response biases.

    PubMed

    Kemmelmeier, Markus

    2016-12-01

    This paper introduces the special section "Cultural differences in questionnaire responding" and discusses central topics in the research on response biases in cross-cultural survey research. Based on current conceptions of acquiescent, extreme, and socially desirable responding, the author considers current data on the correlated nature of response biases and the conditions under which different response styles they emerge. Based on evidence relating different response styles to the cultural dimension of individualism-collectivism, the paper explores how research presented as part of this special section might help resolves some tensions in this literature. The paper concludes by arguing that response styles should not be treated merely as measurement error, but as cultural behaviors in themselves. © 2016 International Union of Psychological Science.

  3. Recuperators for compressed-air energy storage plants

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nakhamkin, M.

    1989-12-01

    An R D study was conducted to provide an engineering solution to the potential problem of corrosion in the cold-end sections of recuperators operating in compressed-air energy storage (CAES) plants. Two options were developed: (1) a conventional, counterflow recuperator with an easily replaceable cold-end section and (2) a recuperator design which eliminates operation at tube temperatures below the exhaust-gas dew point (advanced design). The advanced design consists of an optimized combination of counterflow and parallel-flow sections. The following data resulting from these studies are included: a history of recuperator operating experience, a summary of lab-testing of various materials for corrosionmore » resistance, detailed design and descriptions of the recuperator designs, additional detail descriptions of alternative air-preheating and turboexpander-exhaust systems, and a comparative economic analysis of the various designs developed. The study concluded that for use with No. 2 fuel oil or lower-grade fuels, the advanced recuperator design with carbon-steel tubes and fins would be more cost-effective and trouble-free than one with an easily replaceable tube section. For CAES plants firing very low-sulfur fuel oil or natural gas, the lower capital-cost, counter-flow design can be considered. It was also concluded that a compressed-air bypass of the recuperator be included in the plant design in the event of recuperator outage, and that the recuperator be designed for operation without cavern air going through it. The advanced recuperator concept is currently being implemented at the 110-MW CAES plant for the Alabama Electric Cooperative, Inc. 6 refs., 24 figs., 20 tabs.« less

  4. Velocity-based analysis of sediment incipient deposition in rigid boundary open channels.

    PubMed

    Aksoy, Hafzullah; Safari, Mir Jafar Sadegh; Unal, Necati Erdem; Mohammadi, Mirali

    2017-11-01

    Drainage systems must be designed in a way to minimize undesired problems such as decrease in hydraulic capacity of the channel, blockage and transport of pollutants due to deposition of sediment. Channel design considering self-cleansing criteria are used to solve the sedimentation problem. Incipient deposition is one of the non-deposition self-cleansing design criteria that can be used as a conservative method for channel design. Experimental studies have been carried out in five different cross-section channels, namely trapezoidal, rectangular, circular, U-shape and V-bottom. Experiments were performed in a tilting flume using four different sizes of sands as sediment in nine different channel bed slopes. Two well-known methods, namely the Novak & Nalluri and Yang methods are considered for the analysis of sediment motion. Equations developed using experimental data are found to be in agreement with the literature. It is concluded that the design velocity depends on the shape of the channel cross-section. Rectangular and V-bottom channels need lower and higher incipient deposition velocities, respectively, in comparison with other channels.

  5. A note on the microeconomics of migration.

    PubMed

    Stahl, K

    1983-11-01

    "The purpose of this note is to demonstrate in a simple model that an individual's migration from a small town to a large city may be rationalized purely by a consumption motive, rather than the motive of obtaining a higher income. More specifically, it is shown that in a large city an individual may derive a higher utility from spending a given amount of income than in a small town." A formal model is first developed that includes the principal forces at work and is then illustrated using a graphic example. The theoretical and empirical issues raised are considered in the concluding section. excerpt

  6. The influence of gyroscopic forces on the dynamic behavior and flutter of rotating blades

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sisto, F.; Chang, A. T.

    1983-01-01

    The structural dynamics of a cantilever turbomachine blade mounted on a spinning and precessing rotor are investigated. Both stability and forced vibration are considered with a blade model that increases in complexity (and verisimilitude) from a spring-restrained point mass, to a uniform cantilever, to a twisted uniform cantilever turbomachine blade mounted on a spinning and precessing rotor are investigated. Both stability and forced vibration are considered with a blade model that increases in complexity (and verisimilitude) from a spring-restrained point mass, to a uniform cantilever, to a twisted uniform cantilever, to a tapered twisted cantilever of arbitrary cross-section. In every instance the formulation is from first principles using a finite element based on beam theory. Both ramp-type and periodic-type precessional angular displacements are considered. In concluding, forced vibrating and flutter are studied using the final and most sophisticated structural model. The analysis of stability is presented and a number of numerical examples are worked out.

  7. Geothermal Program Review XI: proceedings. Geothermal Energy - The Environmental Responsible Energy Technology for the Nineties

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1993-10-01

    These proceedings contain papers pertaining to current research and development of geothermal energy in the USA. The seven sections of the document are: Overview, The Geysers, Exploration and Reservoir Characterization, Drilling, Energy Conversion, Advanced Systems, and Potpourri. The Overview presents current DOE energy policy and industry perspectives. Reservoir studies, injection, and seismic monitoring are reported for the geysers geothermal field. Aspects of geology, geochemistry and models of geothermal exploration are described. The Drilling section contains information on lost circulation, memory logging tools, and slim-hole drilling. Topics considered in energy conversion are efforts at NREL, condensation on turbines and geothermal materials.more » Advanced Systems include hot dry rock studies and Fenton Hill flow testing. The Potpourri section concludes the proceedings with reports on low-temperature resources, market analysis, brines, waste treatment biotechnology, and Bonneville Power Administration activities. Selected papers have been indexed separately for inclusion in the Energy Science and Technology Database.« less

  8. Gravitational lensing frequencies - Galaxy cross-sections and selection effects

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Fukugita, Masataka; Turner, Edwin L.

    1991-01-01

    Four issues - (1) the best currently available data on the galaxy velocity-dispersion distribution, (2) the effects of finite core radii potential ellipticity on lensing cross sections, (3) the predicted distribution of lens image separations compared to observational angular resolutions, and (4) the preferential inclusion of lens systems in flux limited samples - are considered in order to facilitate more realistic predictions of multiple image galaxy-quasar lensing frequencies. It is found that (1) the SIS lensing parameter F equals 0.047 +/-0.019 with almost 90 percent contributed by E and S0 galaxies, (2) observed E and S0 core radii are remarkably small, yielding a factor of less than about 2 reduction in total lensing cross sections, (3) 50 percent of galaxy-quasar lenses have image separations greater than about 1.3 arcsec, and (4) amplification bias factors are large and must be carefully taken into account. It is concluded that flat universe models excessively dominated by the cosmological constant are not favored by the small observed galaxy-quasar lensing rate.

  9. Choosing Accommodations: Signed Language Interpreting and the Absence of Choice.

    PubMed

    Burke, Teresa Blankmeyer

    This paper carves out a topic space for discussion about the ethical question of whether input from signing Deaf consumers of interpreting services ought to be included in the provision of signed language interpreter accommodations. The first section provides background about disability accommodations and practices, including how signed language interpreting accommodations are similar and dissimilar to other kinds of disability accommodations. In the second section, I offer a personal narrative of my experience as a Deaf academic who has been excluded from the interpreter selection process, highlighting some of the harmful consequences of such exclusion. In the subsequent two sections, I describe and analyze the process of choosing interpreter accommodations, starting with the process of requesting signed language interpreters and the institutionalization of this process, followed by a brief overview of privacy and autonomy concerns from the standpoint of the signing Deaf consumer. The penultimate section considers some objections to the proposal of involving more consumer choice in signed language accommodations. I conclude the paper with some concrete suggestions for a more Deaf-centered, inclusive process for choosing interpreter accommodations.

  10. Time as a dimension of medical law.

    PubMed

    Harrington, John

    2012-01-01

    This paper considers the importance of temporal categories in medical law argumentation. Proceeding from a view of time as plural, rhetorical, and socially produced, it argues that decision making in areas such as the access of minors to contraception, abortion law, end of life care, and emergency caesarian sections can be usefully read as struggles over appropriate time frames. Judges, legislators, and commentators seek to establish the plausibility of a given legal development with reference to the common sense understanding of time which it embodies. Such understandings may be plausible because of their resonance with the diverse temporalities of the law itself. Alternatively, they may reproduce the temporal frames proper to medical science. Not only is time represented in medical law rhetoric, but deliberation in such cases is also subject to temporal pressures which may significantly affect their outcome. The paper concludes by considering the broader political stakes of intertemporal struggles in medical law.

  11. Personality disorder and violence: understand violence risk: an introduction to the special section personality disorder and violence.

    PubMed

    Cooke, David J

    2010-10-01

    This paper introduces the Special Section on personality disorder and violence. The first paper evaluates the impact of removing the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R) as a mandatory element of a major approach to the assessment of violence risk-the HCR-20. The second paper considers violence to self as well as violence to others; it examines the influence of dysfunctional personality traits in a sample of female offenders. The third paper provides a systematic framework for risk formulation, discussing how to bridge the gap between nomothetic research and the individual case. This paper concludes by arguing that there is a need to shift perspective from asking "what?" dysfunctional traits are relevant to future violence to "why?" are particular traits relevant. The "why?" question is particularly germane in the forensic arena where expert testimony must endeavor to provide a causal explanation of risk processes at the level of the individual.

  12. The most important of all the organs: Darwin on the brain.

    PubMed

    Jacyna, Stephen

    2009-12-01

    This article discusses Charles Darwin's interest in topics that may broadly be defined as 'neurological' in character. Using published and manuscript materials, it examines the sources of Darwin's knowledge of neurological matters and seeks to explain why questions concerning the relation of mind and brain both in humans and other animals were relevant to his wider concerns. The paper concludes with a discussion of Darwin's impact on late 19th and early 20th century neurological thought. The 150th anniversary of the publication of the Origin of Species and the 200th of the birth of its author afford an opportunity to reflect on Charles Darwin's relationship to neurology. The first section of this article considers the part played by what might broadly be defined as 'neurological' materials in the shaping of Darwin's theory. The following section provides a brief review of the impact that Darwin's ideas were to have upon subsequent neurological thought.

  13. Embryonic stem cells improve skeletal muscle recovery after extreme atrophy in mice.

    PubMed

    Artioli, Guilherme Giannini; De Oliveira Silvestre, João Guilherme; Guilherme, João Paulo Limongi França; Baptista, Igor Luchini; Ramos, Gracielle Vieira; Da Silva, Willian José; Miyabara, Elen Haruka; Moriscot, Anselmo Sigari

    2015-03-01

    We injected embryonic stem cells into mouse tibialis anterior muscles subjected to botulinum toxin injections as a model for reversible neurogenic atrophy. Muscles were exposed to botulinum toxin for 4 weeks and allowed to recover for up to 6 weeks. At the onset of recovery, a single muscle injection of embryonic stem cells was administered. The myofiber cross-sectional area, single twitch force, peak tetanic force, time-to-peak force, and half-relaxation time were determined. Although the stem cell injection did not affect the myofiber cross-sectional area gain in recovering muscles, most functional parameters improved significantly compared with those of recovering muscles that did not receive the stem cell injection. Muscle function recovery was accelerated by embryonic stem cell delivery in this durable neurogenic atrophy model. We conclude that stem cells should be considered a potential therapeutic tool for recovery after extreme skeletal muscle atrophy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  14. 22 CFR 181.5 - Twenty-day rule for concluded agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Twenty-day rule for concluded agreements. 181.5 Section 181.5 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS COORDINATION, REPORTING AND PUBLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS § 181.5 Twenty-day rule for concluded agreements. (a) Any agency...

  15. 76 FR 18535 - General Advisory Committee and Scientific Advisory Subcommittee to the U.S. Section to the Inter...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-04

    ... (SAS) on May 25, 2011. Meeting topics are provided under the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of this... business is concluded), and the meeting of the GAC will be held on May 26, 2011, from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. PDT (or until business is concluded). ADDRESSES: Both meetings will be held in the Large Conference Room...

  16. The economics of poverty in poor countries.

    PubMed

    Dasgupta, P

    1998-01-01

    This paper, which examines recently studied links between 1) poverty, high fertility, and undernourishment and 2) environmental degradation and civic disconnection in developing countries, opens by reviewing the limitations of orthodox discussions of economic institutions and property rights and the orthodox dichotomy that has located the cause of poverty in the suppression of markets. The introduction also notes that much of the analysis in this paper is based on data from sub-Saharan Africa and India. The next section of the paper summarizes evidence on the magnitude and extent of world poverty. Section 3 exposes the connection between undernourishment and a person's capacity to work as one of the pathways to the poverty trap. Sections 4 and 5 consider the dependence of impoverished rural populations on common-property resources and how the conventional process of economic growth can break down this system and make certain sections of the population especially vulnerable to economic shocks. The next two sections explore the possibility that links between poverty, high fertility, and environmental degradation may constitute another pathway to the poverty trap. The eighth section reviews the methodology of using net national product (which includes resource depletion and environmental deterioration) as an evaluation criterion and argues that mainstream development economists may have neglected environmental and population problems because they have been relying on the wrong economic indices. The final section concludes that a number of policies must be used to improve options for people.

  17. The role of the left hemisphere in verbal and spatial reasoning tasks.

    PubMed

    Langdon, D; Warrington, E K

    2000-12-01

    Laterality of reasoning processes have long been a source of investigation. Differing formats of verbal and spatial reasoning tasks have meant it has not been possible to extricate true performance level from artefacts of input and output modalities. The Verbal and Spatial Reasoning Test (VESPAR) offers this opportunity, by virtue of matched sets of verbal and spatial inductive reasoning problems. Two series of 40 patients with unilateral left and right hemisphere lesions were tested on two verbal and two spatial subtests of the VESPAR, together with a battery of baseline tests. The performance of the left and right hemisphere lesion cases was compared with a normal standardisation sample. Whereas only the left hemisphere group failed the verbal sections, both left and right hemisphere groups failed the spatial sections. The influence of aphasia on spatial reasoning was considered to be an incomplete explanation for the failure of the left hemisphere group on the spatial sections. It is concluded that this investigation provides firmer evidence of a crucial role for the left hemisphere in both verbal and spatial abstract reasoning processes.

  18. Quantum interference in laser spectroscopy of highly charged lithiumlike ions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Amaro, Pedro; Loureiro, Ulisses; Safari, Laleh; Fratini, Filippo; Indelicato, Paul; Stöhlker, Thomas; Santos, José Paulo

    2018-02-01

    We investigate the quantum interference induced shifts between energetically close states in highly charged ions, with the energy structure being observed by laser spectroscopy. In this work, we focus on hyperfine states of lithiumlike heavy-Z isotopes and quantify how much quantum interference changes the observed transition frequencies. The process of photon excitation and subsequent photon decay for the transition 2 s →2 p →2 s is implemented with fully relativistic and full-multipole frameworks, which are relevant for such relativistic atomic systems. We consider the isotopes 79+207Pb and 80+209Bi due to experimental interest, as well as other examples of isotopes with lower Z , namely 56+141Pr and 64+165Ho. We conclude that quantum interference can induce shifts up to 11% of the linewidth in the measurable resonances of the considered isotopes, if interference between resonances is neglected. The inclusion of relativity decreases the cross section by 35%, mainly due to the complete retardation form of the electric dipole multipole. However, the contribution of the next higher multipoles (e.g., magnetic quadrupole) to the cross section is negligible. This makes the contribution of relativity and higher-order multipoles to the quantum interference induced shifts a minor effect, even for heavy-Z elements.

  19. Yellow butterflies and mischief makers: the state of gender policy in Asian media today.

    PubMed

    Pandian, H

    1997-01-01

    The First World Association for Christian Communication Regional Gender and Communication Policy Conference, held in 1997, in Manila, gave mass media practitioners, academics, and activists an opportunity to air concerns about the representation of Asian women in the mass media. This article provides an overview of the current state of gender policy in the Asian mass media as revealed in the Conference reports. The 1st section considers the effects of increased globalization on the mass media, which at once leads to a diminishing of national accountability and to competition from the private sector, making the public sector more accountable. The 2nd section looks at the status of communication policy (highly exclusive and nonparticipatory), legislation, and self-regulation. The overview continues by assessing the difficulties involved in attempts to enforce existing laws and the lack of consistency inherent in these laws. The overview concludes by presenting brief summaries of 3 studies on women and the mass media carried out in Korea, China, and Australia.

  20. A review of magnetostratigraphic results from the Tithonian-Berriasian of Nordvik (Siberia) and possible biostratigraphic constraints

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schnabl, Petr; Pruner, Petr; Wimbledon, William A. P.

    2015-12-01

    In this contribution we examine and discuss recently published magnetostratigraphic data from the Nordvik section (north Siberia) around the Tithonian-Berriasian (J/K) boundary, with a special emphasis on calibration with biostratigraphy and the reliability of both the fossil and magnetic records, as well as sedimentation rates. Specifically, we discuss original new interpretations by Bragin et al. (2013) and the commentary on that work by Guzhikov (2013). We consider some limitations of the Nordvik section, and conclude that the base of M18r, because it is in a condensed part of the sequence, makes a poor contender for precise long-range correlation. We discuss the lack of ammonites at several magnetozone boundaries, and whether the bases of the local zones of Craspedites taimyrensis and Arctoteuthis tehamaensis can be used to bracket the correlative horizon of Calpionella alpina, a widespread marker in the middle of M19n.2n in Tethys.

  1. LGBT Rights Activism and Homophobia in Russia.

    PubMed

    Buyantueva, Radzhana

    2018-01-01

    This article explores how lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender/transsexual (LGBT) people's perception of increasing conservative trends and negative public attitudes affected the development of LGBT rights activism in Russia. It includes following sections: (1) the analysis of the development of LGBT community and activism in Russia; (2) the investigation of public perception of same-sex relations and how LGBT people's views of it affected their readiness to join activism; and (3) the examination of the state's policy toward LGBT people in a wake of conservative discourse and its impact on LGBT activism and LGBT people's willingness to get involved in it. The article concludes by considering implications that LGBT rights activism face nowadays in order to survive and continue its existence.

  2. Reproductive tourism and the quest for global gender justice.

    PubMed

    Donchin, Anne

    2010-09-01

    Reproductive tourism is a manifestation of a larger, more inclusive trend toward globalization of capitalist cultural and material economies. This paper discusses the development of cross-border assisted reproduction within the globalized economy, transnational and local structural processes that influence the trade, social relations intersecting it, and implications for the healthcare systems affected. I focus on prevailing gender structures embedded in the cross-border trade and their intersection with other social and economic structures that reflect and impact globalization. I apply a social connection model of responsibility for unjust outcomes and consider strategies to counter structural injustices embedded in this industry. The concluding section discusses policy reforms and proposals for collaborative action to preclude further injustices and extend full human rights to all.

  3. A reciprocal theorem for a mixture theory. [development of linearized theory of interacting media

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Martin, C. J.; Lee, Y. M.

    1972-01-01

    A dynamic reciprocal theorem for a linearized theory of interacting media is developed. The constituents of the mixture are a linear elastic solid and a linearly viscous fluid. In addition to Steel's field equations, boundary conditions and inequalities on the material constants that have been shown by Atkin, Chadwick and Steel to be sufficient to guarantee uniqueness of solution to initial-boundary value problems are used. The elements of the theory are given and two different boundary value problems are considered. The reciprocal theorem is derived with the aid of the Laplace transform and the divergence theorem and this section is concluded with a discussion of the special cases which arise when one of the constituents of the mixture is absent.

  4. 29 CFR 37.99 - If the Director concludes that compliance cannot be secured by voluntary means, what actions must...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true If the Director concludes that compliance cannot be secured by voluntary means, what actions must he or she take? 37.99 Section 37.99 Labor Office of the... INVESTMENT ACT OF 1998 (WIA) Compliance Procedures § 37.99 If the Director concludes that compliance cannot...

  5. The Right to Know and the Right Not to Know Revisited: Part One.

    PubMed

    Brownsword, Roger; Wale, Jeff

    2017-01-01

    Prompted by developments in human genetics, a recurrent bioethical question concerns a person's 'right to know' and 'right not to know' about genetic information held that is intrinsically related to or linked to them. In this paper, we will revisit the claimed rights in relation to two particular test cases. One concerns the rights of the 500,000 participants in UK Biobank (UKB) whose biosamples, already having been genotyped, will now be exome sequenced, and the other concerns the rights of pregnant women (and their children) who undergo non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT)-a simple blood test that can reveal genetic information about both a foetus and its mother. This two-part paper is in four principal sections. First, we sketch the relevant features of our two test cases. Secondly, we consider the significance of recent legal jurisprudence in the UK and Singapore. Thirdly, we consider how, the jurisprudence apart, the claimed rights might be grounded. Fourthly, we consider the limits on the rights. We conclude with some short remarks about the kind of genetically aware society that we might want to be and how far there is still an opportunity meaningfully to debate the claimed rights.

  6. Foetal electrocardiograph (ST-analyser or STAN) for intrapartum foetal heart rate monitoring: a friend or a foe?

    PubMed

    Chandraharan, Edwin

    2018-01-01

    Cardiotocograph (CTG) is associated with a high false positive rate of up to 60% which may increase the risk of unnecessary intrapartum interventions (emergency caesarean sections or operative vaginal deliveries) without any significant benefits. A recent study on variation of caesarean section rates in England has concluded that there was a very wide variation even in the adjusted rates of caesarean section from 14.9% to 32.1%. Cochrane Systematic Reviews have concluded that the use of FBS does not reduce caesarean section rate or any pre-specified neonatal outcomes. Fetal ECG (ST-Analyser or STAN) has been used in the clinical practice for more than 20 years. Although, initial randomised controlled trials (RCTs) showed great promise regarding the role of STAN in reducing operative delivery rates (instrumental vaginal births and emergency caesarean sections) and neonatal metabolic acidosis, subsequent studies have questioned the role of STAN in clinical practice. A recent meta-analysis which included six randomised controlled trials (a total of 26,446 women) has concluded that there was a 36% reduction in the rate of neonatal metabolic acidosis. Practising clinicians currently face a dilemma as to whether STAN has a place in contemporary obstetric practice or whether it?s use should be discouraged and discontinued.

  7. Selection criteria for the integrated model of plastic surgery residency.

    PubMed

    LaGrasso, Jeffrey R; Kennedy, Debbie A; Hoehn, James G; Ashruf, Salmon; Przybyla, Adrian M

    2008-03-01

    The purpose of this study was to identify those qualities and characteristics of fourth-year medical students applying for the Integrated Model of Plastic Surgery residency training that will make a successful plastic surgery resident. A three-part questionnaire was distributed to the training program directors of the 20 Integrated Model of Plastic Surgery programs accredited by the Residency Review Committee for Plastic Surgery by the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education. The first section focused on 19 objective characteristics that directors use to evaluate applicants (e.g., Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society membership, United States Medical Licensing Examination scores). The second section consisted of 20 subjective characteristics commonly used to evaluate applicants during the interview process. The third section consisted of reasons why, if any, residents failed to successfully complete the training program. Fifteen of the 20 program directors responded to the questionnaire. The results showed that they considered membership in the Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society to be the most important objective criterion, followed by publications in peer-reviewed journals and letters of recommendation from plastic surgeons known to the director. Leadership capabilities were considered the most important subjective criterion, followed by maturity and interest in academics. Reasons residents failed to complete the training program included illness or death, academic inadequacies, and family demands. The authors conclude that applicants who have achieved high academic honors and demonstrate leadership ability with interest in academics were viewed most likely to succeed as plastic surgery residents by program directors of Integrated Model of Plastic Surgery residencies.

  8. Factors to consider for trace element deposition biomonitoring surveys with lichen transplants

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Ayrault, S.; Clochiatti, R.; Carrot, F.; Daudin, L.; Bennett, J.P.

    2007-01-01

    A trace element deposition biomonitoring experiment with transplants of the fruticose lichen Evernia prunastri was developed, aimed at monitoring the effects of different exposure parameters (exposure orientation and direct rain) and to the elements Ti, V, Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Rb, Cd, Sb and Pb. Accumulations were observed for most of the elements, confirming the ability of Evernia transplants for atmospheric metal deposition monitoring. The accumulation trends were mainly affected by the exposure orientation and slightly less so by the protection from rain. The zonation of the trace elements inside the thallus was also studied. It was concluded that trace element concentrations were not homogeneous in Evernia, thus imposing some cautions on the sampling approach. A nuclear microprobe analysis of an E. prunastri transplanted thallus in thin cross-sections concluded that the trace elements were mainly concentrated on the cortex of the thallus, except Zn, Ca and K which were also present in the internal layers. The size of the particles deposited or entrapped on the cortex surface averaged 7????m. A list of key parameters to ensure the comparability of surveys aiming at observing temporal or spatial deposition variation is presented. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    This safety evaluation report (SER) documents the technical review of the US Advanced Boiling Water Reactor (ABWR) standard design by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) staff. The application for the ABWR design was initially submitted by the General Electric Company, now GE Nuclear Energy (GE), in accordance with the procedures of Appendix O of Part 50 of Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR Part 50). Later GE requested that its application be considered as an application for design approval and subsequent design certification pursuant to 10 CFR {section} 52.45. The ABWR is a single-cycle, forced-circulation,more » boiling water reactor (BWR) with a rated power of 3,926 megawatts thermal (MWt) and a design power of 4,005 MWt. To the extent feasible and appropriate, the staff relied on earlier reviews for those ABWR design features that are substantially the same as those previously considered. Unique features of the ABWR design include internal recirculation pumps, fine-motion control rod drives, microprocessor-based digital logic and control systems, and digital safety systems. On the basis of its evaluation and independent analyses, the NRC staff concludes that, subject to satisfactory resolution of the confirmatory items identified in Section 1.8 of this SER, GE`s application for design certification meets the requirements of Subpart B of 10 CFR Part 52 that are applicable and technically relevant to the US ABWR standard design.« less

  10. 40 CFR 159.170 - Human epidemiological and exposure studies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... studies. 159.170 Section 159.170 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED... Information § 159.170 Human epidemiological and exposure studies. Information must be submitted which concerns any study that a person described in § 159.158(a) has concluded, or might reasonably conclude, shows...

  11. 19 CFR 210.51 - Period for concluding investigation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Period for concluding investigation. 210.51 Section 210.51 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION INVESTIGATIONS OF UNFAIR PRACTICES IN IMPORT TRADE ADJUDICATION AND ENFORCEMENT Determinations and Actions Taken § 210.51 Period for...

  12. Prediction of ball and roller bearing thermal and kinematic performance by computer analysis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pirvics, J.; Kleckner, R. J.

    1983-01-01

    Characteristics of good computerized analysis software are suggested. These general remarks and an overview of representative software precede a more detailed discussion of load support system analysis program structure. Particular attention is directed at a recent cylindrical roller bearing analysis as an example of the available design tools. Selected software modules are then examined to reveal the detail inherent in contemporary analysis. This leads to a brief section on current design computation which seeks to suggest when and why computerized analysis is warranted. An example concludes the argument offered for such design methodology. Finally, remarks are made concerning needs for model development to address effects which are now considered to be secondary but are anticipated to emerge to primary status in the near future.

  13. CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON DIFFERENT ENTRY POINTS FOR ANTEROGRADE FEMORAL INTRAMEDULLARY OSTEOSYNTHESIS

    PubMed Central

    Kanas, Michel; Wajnsztejn, Andre; Roucourt, Danilo; Fiorentino, Eduardo; Fernandes, Hélio Jorge Alvachian; dos Reis, Fernando Baldy

    2015-01-01

    Objective: To analyze the degree of knowledge among professionals who treat fractures using the recommended technique, with regard to correlating the nail with the entry point that is considered appropriate. Methods: A questionnaire that presented five types of nail and simulated a transverse diaphyseal fracture of the femur was developed. Results: Responses regarding the entry points corresponding to choosing the type of nail were obtained from 370 orthopedists who were participating in the 41st Brazilian Congress of Orthopedics and Traumatology. It was observed that only 20% correctly identified the entry point and that there was no difference between the professionals within the specialty of Traumatology and the others. Conclusion: It was concluded that the majority of the physicians attending the congress were unaware of the entry points. PMID:27027047

  14. Expressions to Rayleigh circumferential phase velocity and dispersion relation for a cylindrical surface under mechanical pressure

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sebold, Jean Eduardo; de Lacerda, Luiz Alkimin

    2018-04-01

    This paper describes a substantiated mathematical theory for Rayleigh waves propagated on some types of metal cylinders. More specifically, it presents not only a new way to express the dispersion relation of Rayleigh waves propagated on the cylindrical surface, but also how it can be used to construct a mathematical equation showing that the applied static mechanical pressure affects the shear modulus of the metal cylinder. All steps, required to conclude the process, consider the equation of motion as a function of radial and circumferential coordinates only, while the axial component can be overlooked without causing any problems. Some numerical experiments are done to illustrate the changes in the Rayleigh circumferential phase velocity in a metal cylindrical section due to static mechanical pressure around its external surface.

  15. The Relationship of Birth Order and Gender with Academic Standing and Substance Use Among Youth in Latin America.

    PubMed

    Horner, Pilar; Andrade, Fernando; Delva, Jorge; Grogan-Kaylor, Andy; Castillo, Marcela

    2012-01-01

    Alfred Adler attempted to understand how family affects youth outcomes by considering the order of when a child enters a family (Adler, 1964). Adler's theory posits that birth order formation impacts individuals. We tested Adler's birth order theory using data from a cross-sectional survey of 946 Chilean youths. We examined how birth order and gender are associated with drug use and educational outcomes using three different birth order research models including: (1) Expedient Research, (2) Adler's birth order position, and (3) Family Size theoretical models. Analyses were conducted with structural equation modeling (SEM). We conclude that birth order has an important relationship with substance use outcomes for youth but has differing effects for educational achievement across both birth order status and gender.

  16. Genotoxicity Expert Panel review: weight of evidence evaluation of the genotoxicity of glyphosate, glyphosate-based formulations, and aminomethylphosphonic acid.

    PubMed

    Brusick, David; Aardema, Marilyn; Kier, Larry; Kirkland, David; Williams, Gary

    2016-09-01

    In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) published a monograph concluding there was strong evidence for genotoxicity of glyphosate and glyphosate formulations and moderate evidence for genotoxicity of the metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). These conclusions contradicted earlier extensive reviews supporting the lack of genotoxicity of glyphosate and glyphosate formulations. The IARC Monograph concluded there was strong evidence of induction of oxidative stress by glyphosate, glyphosate formulations, and AMPA. The Expert Panel reviewed the genotoxicity and oxidative stress data considered in the IARC Monograph, together with other available data not considered by IARC. The Expert Panel defined and used a weight of evidence (WoE) approach that included ranking of studies and endpoints by the strength of their linkage to events associated with carcinogenic mechanisms. Importantly, the Expert Panel concluded that there was sufficient information available from a very large number of regulatory genotoxicity studies that should have been considered by IARC. The WoE approach, the inclusion of all relevant regulatory studies, and some differences in interpretation of individual studies led to significantly different conclusions by the Expert Panel compared with the IARC Monograph. The Expert Panel concluded that glyphosate, glyphosate formulations, and AMPA do not pose a genotoxic hazard and the data do not support the IARC Monograph genotoxicity evaluation. With respect to carcinogenicity classification and mechanism, the Expert Panel concluded that evidence relating to an oxidative stress mechanism of carcinogenicity was largely unconvincing and that the data profiles were not consistent with the characteristics of genotoxic carcinogens.

  17. 31 CFR 594.514 - Concluding activities with the Palestinian Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Concluding activities with the Palestinian Authority. 594.514 Section 594.514 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL TERRORISM...

  18. 49 CFR 40.305 - How does the return-to-duty process conclude?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false How does the return-to-duty process conclude? 40.305 Section 40.305 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation PROCEDURES FOR TRANSPORTATION WORKPLACE DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING PROGRAMS Substance Abuse Professionals and the Return-to-Duty...

  19. 49 CFR 40.305 - How does the return-to-duty process conclude?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false How does the return-to-duty process conclude? 40.305 Section 40.305 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation PROCEDURES FOR TRANSPORTATION WORKPLACE DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING PROGRAMS Substance Abuse Professionals and the Return-to-Duty...

  20. 49 CFR 40.305 - How does the return-to-duty process conclude?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false How does the return-to-duty process conclude? 40.305 Section 40.305 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation PROCEDURES FOR TRANSPORTATION WORKPLACE DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING PROGRAMS Substance Abuse Professionals and the Return-to-Duty...

  1. 49 CFR 40.305 - How does the return-to-duty process conclude?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false How does the return-to-duty process conclude? 40.305 Section 40.305 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation PROCEDURES FOR TRANSPORTATION WORKPLACE DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING PROGRAMS Substance Abuse Professionals and the Return-to-Duty...

  2. 49 CFR 40.305 - How does the return-to-duty process conclude?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false How does the return-to-duty process conclude? 40.305 Section 40.305 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation PROCEDURES FOR TRANSPORTATION WORKPLACE DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING PROGRAMS Substance Abuse Professionals and the Return-to-Duty...

  3. 31 CFR 597.510 - Concluding activities with the Palestinian Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Concluding activities with the Palestinian Authority. 597.510 Section 597.510 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and... ORGANIZATIONS SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 597.510...

  4. 31 CFR 597.510 - Concluding activities with the Palestinian Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Concluding activities with the Palestinian Authority. 597.510 Section 597.510 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and... ORGANIZATIONS SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 597.510...

  5. 31 CFR 597.510 - Concluding activities with the Palestinian Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Concluding activities with the Palestinian Authority. 597.510 Section 597.510 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and... ORGANIZATIONS SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 597.510...

  6. National treatment systems in global perspective.

    PubMed

    Klingemann, H

    1999-09-01

    Drug policy development is mostly viewed as emerging within the nation state. Processes of diffusion of innovative policies have been neglected to a large extent. The comparative study of public policy has demonstrated, however, that diffusion is an important predictor of early policy adaptation. Thus, the analysis asks the general question of the relative importance of endogenous and exogenous effects on the development of drug policies in various countries. Specifically it describes the Swiss debate leading to the popular initiative on 'Youth Without Drugs' as well as the international reactions regarding its liberal outcome. Results of an expert survey show two broad types of reactions. There is one set of countries where chances for the introduction of limited heroin-prescription trials during the next 5 years are considered probable and a second set of countries which seems to be strictly status quo oriented. In the concluding section a model is suggested which systematically considers endogenous as well as exogenous predictors of 'soft' or 'hard' drug policy adoption. Results of a first tentative test of the model are encouraging for future empirical research on diffusion processes of drug policies.

  7. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Aguado, Alfredo; Roncero, Octavio; Zanchet, Alexandre

    The impact of the photodissociation of HCN and HNC isomers is analyzed in different astrophysical environments. For this purpose, the individual photodissociation cross sections of HCN and HNC isomers have been calculated in the 7–13.6 eV photon energy range for a temperature of 10 K. These calculations are based on the ab initio calculation of three-dimensional adiabatic potential energy surfaces of the 21 lower electronic states. The cross sections are then obtained using a quantum wave packet calculation of the rotational transitions needed to simulate a rotational temperature of 10 K. The cross section calculated for HCN shows significant differencesmore » with respect to the experimental one, and this is attributed to the need to consider non-adiabatic transitions. Ratios between the photodissociation rates of HCN and HNC under different ultraviolet radiation fields have been computed by renormalizing the rates to the experimental value. It is found that HNC is photodissociated faster than HCN by a factor of 2.2 for the local interstellar radiation field and 9.2 for the solar radiation field, at 1 au. We conclude that to properly describe the HNC/HCN abundance ratio in astronomical environments illuminated by an intense ultraviolet radiation field, it is necessary to use different photodissociation rates for each of the two isomers, which are obtained by integrating the product of the photodissociation cross sections and ultraviolet radiation field over the relevant wavelength range.« less

  8. Porting AMG2013 to Heterogeneous CPU+GPU Nodes

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Samfass, Philipp

    LLNL's future advanced technology system SIERRA will feature heterogeneous compute nodes that consist of IBM PowerV9 CPUs and NVIDIA Volta GPUs. Conceptually, the motivation for such an architecture is quite straightforward: While GPUs are optimized for throughput on massively parallel workloads, CPUs strive to minimize latency for rather sequential operations. Yet, making optimal use of heterogeneous architectures raises new challenges for the development of scalable parallel software, e.g., with respect to work distribution. Porting LLNL's parallel numerical libraries to upcoming heterogeneous CPU+GPU architectures is therefore a critical factor for ensuring LLNL's future success in ful lling its national mission. Onemore » of these libraries, called HYPRE, provides parallel solvers and precondi- tioners for large, sparse linear systems of equations. In the context of this intern- ship project, I consider AMG2013 which is a proxy application for major parts of HYPRE that implements a benchmark for setting up and solving di erent systems of linear equations. In the following, I describe in detail how I ported multiple parts of AMG2013 to the GPU (Section 2) and present results for di erent experiments that demonstrate a successful parallel implementation on the heterogeneous ma- chines surface and ray (Section 3). In Section 4, I give guidelines on how my code should be used. Finally, I conclude and give an outlook for future work (Section 5).« less

  9. Special Issue: Flexible Work Arrangements.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Olmstead, Barney, Ed.

    1996-01-01

    Section 1 contains five chapters on flexible work arrangements, self-employment, working from home, part-time professionals, job sharing, and temporary employment. Section 2 includes reviews of four books on working flexibly, concluding with a list of 23 additional readings. (SK)

  10. Wing-section optimization for supersonic viscous flow

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Item, Cem C.; Baysal, Oktay (Editor)

    1995-01-01

    To improve the shape of a supersonic wing, an automated method that also includes higher fidelity to the flow physics is desirable. With this impetus, an aerodynamic optimization methodology incorporating thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations and sensitivity analysis had been previously developed. Prior to embarking upon the wind design task, the present investigation concentrated on testing the feasibility of the methodology, and the identification of adequate problem formulations, by defining two-dimensional, cost-effective test cases. Starting with two distinctly different initial airfoils, two independent shape optimizations resulted in shapes with similar features: slightly cambered, parabolic profiles with sharp leading- and trailing-edges. Secondly, the normal section to the subsonic portion of the leading edge, which had a high normal angle-of-attack, was considered. The optimization resulted in a shape with twist and camber which eliminated the adverse pressure gradient, hence, exploiting the leading-edge thrust. The wing section shapes obtained in all the test cases had the features predicted by previous studies. Therefore, it was concluded that the flowfield analyses and sensitivity coefficients were computed and fed to the present gradient-based optimizer correctly. Also, as a result of the present two-dimensional study, suggestions were made for the problem formulations which should contribute to an effective wing shape optimization.

  11. Reducing Energy Burden with Solar: Colorado's Strategy and Roadmap for

    Science.gov Websites

    -income residents suffer from a high energy burden, which can force these residents to choose between . The report concludes with a roadmap other states might consider when developing their own low-income states might learn from the state's experience when they design their own programs. The report concludes

  12. The Relationship of Birth Order and Gender with Academic Standing and Substance Use Among Youth in Latin America

    PubMed Central

    Horner, Pilar; Andrade, Fernando; Delva, Jorge; Grogan-Kaylor, Andy; Castillo, Marcela

    2012-01-01

    Alfred Adler attempted to understand how family affects youth outcomes by considering the order of when a child enters a family (Adler, 1964). Adler’s theory posits that birth order formation impacts individuals. We tested Adler’s birth order theory using data from a cross-sectional survey of 946 Chilean youths. We examined how birth order and gender are associated with drug use and educational outcomes using three different birth order research models including: (1) Expedient Research, (2) Adler’s birth order position, and (3) Family Size theoretical models. Analyses were conducted with structural equation modeling (SEM). We conclude that birth order has an important relationship with substance use outcomes for youth but has differing effects for educational achievement across both birth order status and gender. PMID:22707916

  13. The Future of Qualitative Research in Psychology: Accentuating the Positive.

    PubMed

    Gough, Brendan; Lyons, Antonia

    2016-06-01

    In this paper we reflect on current trends and anticipate future prospects regarding qualitative research in Psychology. We highlight various institutional and disciplinary obstacles to qualitative research diversity, complexity and quality. At the same time, we note some causes for optimism, including publication breakthroughs and vitality within the field. The paper is structured into three main sections which consider: 1) the positioning of qualitative research within Psychology; 2) celebrating the different kinds of knowledge produced by qualitative research; and 3) implementing high quality qualitative research. In general we accentuate the positive, recognising and illustrating innovative qualitative research practices which generate new insights and propel the field forward. We conclude by emphasising the importance of research training: for qualitative research to flourish within Psychology (and beyond), students and early career researchers require more sophisticated, in-depth instruction than is currently offered.

  14. Demographic and health attributes of the Nahua, initial contact population of the Peruvian Amazon.

    PubMed

    Culqui, Dante R; Ayuso-Alvarez, Ana; Munayco, Cesar V; Quispe-Huaman, Carlos; Mayta-Tristán, Percy; Campos, Juan de Mata Donado

    2016-01-01

    We present the case of the Nahua population of Santa Rosa de Serjali, Peruvian Amazon's population, considered of initial contact. This population consists of human groups that for a long time decided to live in isolation, but lately have begun living a more sedentary lifestyle and in contact with Western populations. There are two fully identified initial contact groups in Peru: the Nahua and the Nanti. The health statistics of the Nahua are scarce. This study offers an interpretation of demographic and epidemiological indicators of the Nahua people, trying to identify if a certain degree of health vulnerability exists. We performed a cross sectional study, and after analyzing their health indicators, as well as the supplemental qualitative analysis of the population, brought us to conclude that in 2006, the Nahua, remained in a state of health vulnerability.

  15. The shadow of the future.

    PubMed

    Caldwell, J C

    1984-01-01

    This article focuses on the need for care in evaluating current demographic conditions in Australia and planning for the future. After noting that Australia is basically a nation of immigrants, the author reviews the country's demographic history. Comparisons with other countries and explanations for major changes are included. It is suggested that long-term fertility has probably stabilized just below replacement level. The changing composition of the immigrant population is also analyzed. The author accepts official 1983 population projections in which declines in the rate of population growth are predicted through the year 2021, although the actual population is expected to increase. In the last section, effects of this population growth on the environment are considered. It is concluded that there are no economic or environmental factors precluding continued immigration at the rate of 75,000-100,000 people per year.

  16. [Risk and protection factors related to the consumption of psychoactive substances in undergraduate nursing students].

    PubMed

    Morales, Blanca Nivia; Plazas, Merideidy; Sanchez, Rafael; Ventura, Carla Aparecida Arena

    2011-06-01

    This study aims to identify the frequency of risk and protection factors related to drug consumption among undergraduate nursing students. It is a cross-sectional study in which authors applied the instrument Risk and Protection Factors for the Consumption of Psychoactive Substances, validated for use with undergraduate nursing students. Data were analyzed through STATA 10. Three hundred and ninety students participated in the study. The domain "prejudice and appraisal", "social permissiveness and access to psychoactive substances", "social skills and self-control" are risk factors for drugs use in 100% of participants. "Spirituality" and "satisfaction with interpersonal relations" were predominant protective domains. Based on data, authors can conclude that the students did not consider the risks in alcohol and tobacco consumption, as they think it is normal and socially acceptable.

  17. Critical Elements of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Economics

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Steward, Darlene M.

    This report explores the critical elements of V2G economics. Section 2 summarizes the elements and costs of a V2G system. Section 3 describes V2G revenue-generating services and the business cases for providing these services. Section 4 notes real-world V2G applications. Section 5 lists concerns related to V2G. Section 6 concludes and summarizes V2G cost and revenue elements.

  18. 32 CFR 37.215 - What must I conclude about the recipient's commitment and cost sharing?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What must I conclude about the recipient's commitment and cost sharing? 37.215 Section 37.215 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Appropriate Use of...

  19. 32 CFR 37.215 - What must I conclude about the recipient's commitment and cost sharing?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What must I conclude about the recipient's commitment and cost sharing? 37.215 Section 37.215 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Appropriate Use of...

  20. 32 CFR 37.215 - What must I conclude about the recipient's commitment and cost sharing?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What must I conclude about the recipient's commitment and cost sharing? 37.215 Section 37.215 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Appropriate Use of...

  1. 32 CFR 37.215 - What must I conclude about the recipient's commitment and cost sharing?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What must I conclude about the recipient's commitment and cost sharing? 37.215 Section 37.215 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Appropriate Use of...

  2. 32 CFR 37.215 - What must I conclude about the recipient's commitment and cost sharing?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What must I conclude about the recipient's commitment and cost sharing? 37.215 Section 37.215 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Appropriate Use of...

  3. Structural Modeling of a Five-Meter Thin Film Inflatable Antenna/Concentrator With Rigidized Support Struts

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Smalley, Kurt B.; Tinker, Michael L.

    2001-01-01

    Dynamic characterization of a non-rigidized thin film inflatable antenna/solar concentrator structure with rigidized composite support struts is described in detail. A two-step finite element modeling approach in MSC/NASTRAN is utilized, consisting of: (1) a nonlinear static pressurization procedure used to obtain the updated stiffness matrix, and (2) a modal "restart" eigen solution that uses the modified stiffness matrix. Unique problems encountered in modeling of this large 5-m lightweight inflatable are identified, including considerable difficulty in obtaining convergence in the nonlinear pressurization solution. It was found that the extremely thin polyimide film material (.001 in or I mil) presents tremendous problems in obtaining a converged solution when internal pressure loading is applied. It was concluded that the ratios of film thickness to other geometric dimensions such as torus cross-sectional and ring diameter and lenticular diameter are the critical parameters for convergence of the pressurization procedure. Comparison of finite element predictions for frequency and mode shapes with experimental results indicated reasonable agreement considering the complexity of the structure, the film-to-air interaction, and the nonlinear material properties of the film. It was also concluded that analysis should be done using different finite element to codes to determine if a more robust and stable solution can be obtained.

  4. Assessment of bone marrow plasma cell infiltrates in multiple myeloma: the added value of CD138 immunohistochemistry

    PubMed Central

    Al-Quran, Samer Z.; Yang, Lijun; Magill, James M.; Braylan, Raul C.; Douglas-Nikitin, Vonda K.

    2012-01-01

    Summary Assessment of bone marrow involvement by malignant plasma cells is an important element in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with multiple myeloma and other plasma cell dyscrasias. Microscope-based differential counts of bone marrow aspirates are used as the primary method to evaluate bone marrow plasma cell percentages. However, multiple myeloma is often a focal process, a fact that impacts the accuracy and reliability of the results of bone marrow plasma cell percentages obtained by differential counts of bone marrow aspirate smears. Moreover, the interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility of counting bone marrow plasma cells microscopically has not been adequately tested. CD138 allows excellent assessment of plasma cell numbers and distribution in bone marrow biopsies. We compared estimates of plasma cell percentages in bone marrow aspirates and in hematoxylin-eosin– and CD138-stained bone marrow biopsy sections (CD138 sections) in 79 bone marrows from patients with multiple myeloma. There was a notable discrepancy in bone marrow plasma cell percentages using the different methods of observation. In particular, there was a relatively poor concordance of plasma cell percentage estimation between aspirate smears and CD138 sections. Estimates of plasma cell percentage using CD138 sections demonstrated the highest interobserver concordance. This observation was supported by computer-assisted image analysis. In addition, CD138 expression highlighted patterns of plasma cell infiltration indicative of neoplasia even in the absence of plasmacytosis. We conclude that examination of CD138 sections should be considered for routine use in the estimation of plasma cell load in the bone marrow. PMID:17714757

  5. Case Citations 1991. Eleventh Series.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sharp, Linda A., Ed.

    Case citations from five legal areas--college students, liability on campus, sport law, employment, and employment discrimination--are presented in this document. Each section offers brief summaries of cases and concludes with a table of cases. The first section on college students examines litigation involving student finances, disciplinary…

  6. Transverse vibrations of wood-based products : equations and considerations

    Treesearch

    Joseph F. Murphy

    2011-01-01

    Four equations are presented to determine bending stiffness using transverse vibration. These equations are used for constant cross-section products, panels, rectangular cross-section products, and logs with and without taper. Practical considerations for their use are discussed and concluding remarks are included.

  7. CHOOSING CARPETS WISELY.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    American Carpet Inst., New York, NY.

    A DISCUSSION ON THE SELECTION OF CARPETING CONCLUDES INITIAL COST OF THE CARPET INSTALLATION STILL RANKS AMONG THE MOST EXPENSIVE. IN SELECTION, CARPETING MUST BE CONSIDERED IN TERMS OF COLOR, PATTERN, SIZE, WEARABILITY, CLEANIBILITY, AND FIRE HAZARD. WEARABILITY SHOULD BE CONSIDERED BY--(1) TYPE AND QUALITY OF FIBER GRADE USED, (2) CONSTRUCTION…

  8. Magazine alcohol advertising compliance with the Australian Alcoholic Beverages Advertising Code.

    PubMed

    Donovan, Kati; Donovan, Rob; Howat, Peter; Weller, Narelle

    2007-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and content of alcoholic beverage advertisements and sales promotions in magazines popular with adolescents and young people in Australia, and assess the extent to which the ads complied with Australia's self-regulatory Alcoholic Beverages Advertising Code (ABAC). Alcohol advertisements and promotions were identified in a sample of 93 magazines popular with young people. The identified items were coded against 28 measures constructed to assess the content of the items against the five sections of the ABAC. Two thirds of the magazines contained at least one alcohol advertisement or promotion with a total of 142 unique items identified: 80 were brand advertisements and 62 were other types of promotional items (i.e. sales promotions, event sponsorships, cross promotions with other marketers and advertorials). It was found that 52% of items appeared to contravene at least one section of the ABAC. The two major apparent breaches related to section B--the items having a strong appeal to adolescents (34%) and to section C--promoting positive social, sexual and psychological expectancies of consumption (28%). It was also found that promotional items appeared to breach the ABAC as often as did advertisements. It is concluded that the self-regulating system appears not to be working for the alcoholic beverages industry in Australia and that increased government surveillance and regulation should be considered, giving particular emphasis to the inclusion of promotional items other than brand advertising.

  9. The Photodissociation of HCN and HNC: Effects on the HNC/HCN Abundance Ratio in the Interstellar Medium

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aguado, Alfredo; Roncero, Octavio; Zanchet, Alexandre; Agúndez, Marcelino; Cernicharo, José

    2017-03-01

    The impact of the photodissociation of HCN and HNC isomers is analyzed in different astrophysical environments. For this purpose, the individual photodissociation cross sections of HCN and HNC isomers have been calculated in the 7-13.6 eV photon energy range for a temperature of 10 K. These calculations are based on the ab initio calculation of three-dimensional adiabatic potential energy surfaces of the 21 lower electronic states. The cross sections are then obtained using a quantum wave packet calculation of the rotational transitions needed to simulate a rotational temperature of 10 K. The cross section calculated for HCN shows significant differences with respect to the experimental one, and this is attributed to the need to consider non-adiabatic transitions. Ratios between the photodissociation rates of HCN and HNC under different ultraviolet radiation fields have been computed by renormalizing the rates to the experimental value. It is found that HNC is photodissociated faster than HCN by a factor of 2.2 for the local interstellar radiation field and 9.2 for the solar radiation field, at 1 au. We conclude that to properly describe the HNC/HCN abundance ratio in astronomical environments illuminated by an intense ultraviolet radiation field, it is necessary to use different photodissociation rates for each of the two isomers, which are obtained by integrating the product of the photodissociation cross sections and ultraviolet radiation field over the relevant wavelength range.

  10. Laser Doppler anemometry measurements of steady flow through two bi-leaflet prosthetic heart valves

    PubMed Central

    Bazan, Ovandir; Ortiz, Jayme Pinto; Vieira Junior, Francisco Ubaldo; Vieira, Reinaldo Wilson; Antunes, Nilson; Tabacow, Fabio Bittencourt Dutra; Costa, Eduardo Tavares; Petrucci Junior, Orlando

    2013-01-01

    Introduction In vitro hydrodynamic characterization of prosthetic heart valves provides important information regarding their operation, especially if performed by noninvasive techniques of anemometry. Once velocity profiles for each valve are provided, it is possible to compare them in terms of hydrodynamic performance. In this first experimental study using laser doppler anemometry with mechanical valves, the simulations were performed at a steady flow workbench. Objective To compare unidimensional velocity profiles at the central plane of two bi-leaflet aortic prosthesis from St. Jude (AGN 21 - 751 and 21 AJ - 501 models) exposed to a steady flow regime, on four distinct sections, three downstream and one upstream. Methods To provide similar conditions for the flow through each prosthesis by a steady flow workbench (water, flow rate of 17L/min. ) and, for the same sections and sweeps, to obtain the velocity profiles of each heart valve by unidimensional measurements. Results It was found that higher velocities correspond to the prosthesis with smaller inner diameter and instabilities of flow are larger as the section of interest is closer to the valve. Regions of recirculation, stagnation of flow, low pressure, and flow peak velocities were also found. Conclusions Considering the hydrodynamic aspect and for every section measured, it could be concluded that the prosthesis model AGN 21 - 751 (RegentTM) is superior to the 21 AJ - 501 model (Master Series). Based on the results, future studies can choose to focus on specific regions of the these valves. PMID:24598950

  11. On the feasibility to perform integral transmission experiments in the GELINA target hall at IRMM

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Leconte, Pierre; Jean, Cyrille De Saint; Geslot, Benoit; Plompen, Arjan; Belloni, Francesca; Nyman, Markus

    2017-09-01

    Shielding experiments are relevant to validate elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections in the fast energy range. In this paper, we are focusing on the possibility to use the pulsed white neutron time-of-flight facility GELINA to perform this kind of measurement. Several issues need to be addressed: neutron source intensity, room return effect, distance of the materials to be irradiated from the source, and the sensitivity of various reaction rate distributions through the material to different input cross sections. MCNP6 and TRIPOLI4 calculations of the outgoing neutron spectrum are compared, based on electron/positron/gamma/neutron simulations. A first guess of an integral transmission experiment through a 238U slab is considered. It shows that a 10 cm thickness of uranium is sufficient to reach a high sensitivity to the 238U inelastic scattering cross section in the [2-5 MeV] energy range, with small contributions from elastic and fission cross sections. This experiment would contribute to reduce the uncertainty on this nuclear data, which has a significant impact on the power distribution in large commercial reactors. Other materials that would be relevant for the ASTRID 4th generation prototype reactor are also tested, showing that a sufficient sensitivity to nuclear data would be obtained by using a 50 to 100cm thick slab of side 60x60cm. This study concludes on the feasibility and interest of such experiments in the target hall of the GELINA facility.

  12. Enlarging the bounds of moral philosophy: Why did Isaac Newton conclude the Opticks the way he did?

    PubMed Central

    Henry, John

    2017-01-01

    This paper draws attention to the remarkable closing words of Isaac Newton's Optice (1706) and subsequent editions of the Opticks (1718, 1721), and tries to suggest why Newton chose to conclude his book with a puzzling allusion to his own unpublished conclusions about the history of religion. Newton suggests in this concluding passage that the bounds of moral philosophy will be enlarged as natural philosophy is ‘perfected’. Asking what Newton might have had in mind, the paper first considers the idea that he was foreshadowing the ‘moral Newtonianism’ developed later in the eighteenth century; then it considers the idea that he was perhaps pointing to developments in natural theology. Finally, the paper suggests that Newton wanted to at least signal the importance of attempting to recover the true original religion, and perhaps was hinting at his intention to publish his own extensive research on the history of the Church.

  13. Is supervised community treatment ethically justifiable?

    PubMed

    Dale, Eric

    2010-05-01

    Ethical viewpoints for and against the use of supervised community treatment (SCT), also known as outpatient commitment and community treatment orders, are examined. The perspectives of writers on civil liberties are considered. This paper argues that while civil liberties are an important concern SCT is ethically justifiable in the circumscribed population of 'revolving door' patients it applies to. This is on the grounds that it enables individuals to actualise their positive liberty. The issue of insight into mental illness is also considered and it is concluded that a further argument in favour of SCT comes from evidence that insight relates to neurobiological deficits. Limits to the ethical justifiability of SCT are considered with reference to individuals with substance dependency. The paper concludes that SCT is ethically permissible only in those with severe mental illness who have a history of losing capacity to consent to treatment and/or admission.

  14. Residential relocation and regional redistribution of the elderly in the USA and Germany.

    PubMed

    Serow, W J; Friedrich, K; Haas, W H

    1996-01-01

    "This paper reviews some of the principal differences and similarities in the migration and spatial redistribution behavior of the older populations of the USA and of Germany.... The paper is divided into three distinct parts. The paper first reviews actual and prospective redistribution of the older population, with regard to interregional shifts of population as well as to changes in concentration along an urban-rural continuum. Following these macroscopic elements, the paper then moves to a presentation of the results of two ex post facto surveys (one taken in the USA and the other in Germany) of recent older movers in order to compare the motivations expressed for the move and the present degree of satisfaction with it. The concluding section considers the implications of redistribution at both geographic levels and of mover satisfaction in light of political developments as they are presently unfolding in Europe." excerpt

  15. Patient-specific bone modeling and analysis: the role of integration and automation in clinical adoption.

    PubMed

    Zadpoor, Amir A; Weinans, Harrie

    2015-03-18

    Patient-specific analysis of bones is considered an important tool for diagnosis and treatment of skeletal diseases and for clinical research aimed at understanding the etiology of skeletal diseases and the effects of different types of treatment on their progress. In this article, we discuss how integration of several important components enables accurate and cost-effective patient-specific bone analysis, focusing primarily on patient-specific finite element (FE) modeling of bones. First, the different components are briefly reviewed. Then, two important aspects of patient-specific FE modeling, namely integration of modeling components and automation of modeling approaches, are discussed. We conclude with a section on validation of patient-specific modeling results, possible applications of patient-specific modeling procedures, current limitations of the modeling approaches, and possible areas for future research. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Applications of hypermedia systems

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lennon, J.; Maurer, H.

    1995-05-01

    In this paper, we consider several new aspects of modern hypermedia systems. The applications discussed include: (1) General Information and Communication Systems: Distributed information systems for businesses, schools and universities, museums, libraries, health systems, etc. (2) Electronic orientation and information displays: Electronic guided tours, public information kiosks, and publicity dissemination with archive facilities. (3) Lecturing: A system going beyond the traditional to empower both teachers and learners. (4) Libraries: A further step towards fully electronic library systems. (5) Directories of all kinds: Staff, telephone, and all sorts of generic directories. (6) Administration: A fully integrated system such as the onemore » proposed will mean efficient data processing and valuable statistical data. (7) Research: Material can now be accessed from databases all around the world. The effects of networking and computer-supported collaborative work are discussed, and examples of new scientific visualization programs are quoted. The paper concludes with a section entitled {open_quotes}Future Directions{close_quotes}.« less

  17. Historicism and neo-Kantianism.

    PubMed

    Beiser, Fred

    2008-12-01

    This article treats the conflict between historicism and neo-Kantianism in the late nineteenth century by a careful examination of the writings of Wilhelm Windelband, the leader of the Southwestern neo-Kantians. Historicism was a profound challenge to the fundamental principles of Kant's philosophy because it seemed to imply that there are no universal and necessary principles of science, ethics or aesthetics. Since all such principles are determined by their social and historical context, they differ with each culture and epoch. Windelband attempted to respond to the challenge of this relativism by either broadening Kantian principles, so that they could accommodate the results of historicism, or by reformulating Kantian principles, so that they were impregnable to historical change. The article examines both aspects of Windelband's strategy in some detail, noting the many changes and different formulations in his views. A final section considers some of the difficulties of Windelband's strategy and concludes that, despite its heroic efforts, it was a failure.

  18. The collapse of Tacoma Narrows Bridge: a piece to the puzzle

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Walther, J. H.; Christensen, D. S.; Malthe, M. G.; Roenne, M.; Spietz, H. J.; Larsen, A.; Larsen, S. V.

    2017-11-01

    On Nov. 7th 1940 the newly constructed Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapsed due to excessive torsional oscillations caused by the formation and shedding of large coherent vortices. The subsequent wind tunnel tests conducted on both section- and full bridge models concluded that the bridge should have collapsed at a wind speed corresponding to approximately half of the wind speed at the day of the collapse. This discrepancy questions our understanding of the phenomena responsible for the failure of the bridge. The present study aims at clarifying this ``mystery'' by considering historical records made available by the US coast guards, and by performing wind tunnel tests and detailed numerical flow simulations. Our findings indicate that the discrepancy is caused by an until now unnoticed yawed wind direction relative to the bridge, which was present at the day of the collapse. Danish Council for Independent Research Grant No. 4184-00349B.

  19. [Respiratory symptoms caused by the use of electrocautery in physicians being trained in surgery in a Mexican hospital].

    PubMed

    Navarro-Meza, María Cristina; González-Baltazar, Raquel; Aldrete-Rodríguez, María Guadalupe; Carmona-Navarro, David Enrique; López-Cardona, María Guadalupe

    2013-03-01

    In order to determine the frequency of respiratory symptoms among residents from surgical specialties dures exposed to the electrocautery smoke, a cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2012. 50 third-year residents from different surgical specialties coming from a third-level hospital belonging to the Institute of Security and Social Services of the State Workers in Jalisco, Mexico, were included. The subject selection was non-probabilistic. A questionnaire on respiratory symptoms developed in Cuba was used for data collection. The most common symptoms were sensation of a lump in the throat (58%), and a sore throat (22%). The specialty with the highest rate of exposure was neurosurgery (24.1 min/surgical procedure). All, the physicians from this specialty had respiratory symptoms. We conclude that the cauterization smoke may be considered a risk for developing respiratory symptoms among physicians with surgical specialties.

  20. We've Come a Long Way, Baby (But We're Not There Yet): Gender Past, Present, and Future.

    PubMed

    Liben, Lynn S

    2016-01-01

    Gender has long been, and continues to be, a powerful predictor of developmental experiences and outcomes. Observations drawn from personal history, developmental science, and life beyond the academy show that historically, gender constraints have diminished in some ways, but remain robust in others. Reviewed are children's constructive processes that--in interaction with the embedding ecology--foster the emergence and persistence of gendered phenomena. Reviews of interventions designed to increase girls' science participation demonstrate the need to evaluate both intended and unintended program consequences. Discussion of the single-sex schooling debate shows the importance of foundational conceptualizations of gender, and illuminates research-to-policy processes. After identifying newly emerging gender conceptualizations, the concluding section highlights the need to consider how gender conceptualizations do and should affect science and society. © 2016 The Author. Child Development © 2016 Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.

  1. Intelligence and obesity: which way does the causal direction go?

    PubMed

    Kanazawa, Satoshi

    2014-10-01

    The negative association between intelligence and obesity has been well established, but the direction of causality is unclear. The present review surveys the recent studies on the topic with both cross-sectional and longitudinal data in an attempt to establish causality. Most studies in the area employ cross-sectional data and conclude (without empirical justification) that obesity causes intellectual impairment. The few studies that employ prospectively longitudinal data, however, uniformly conclude that lower intelligence leads to BMI gains and obesity. A close examination of three such studies, from three different nations (Sweden, New Zealand, and the UK), leaves little doubt that the causality runs from low intelligence to obesity. The conclusion in previous studies that obesity impairs cognitive function stems from improper interpretation of a negative association between intelligence and obesity from cross-sectional studies. Results from the analyses of high-quality, population-based, prospectively longitudinal data firmly establish that low intelligence increases the chances of obesity.

  2. The regulation of patient-reported outcome claims: need for a flexible standard.

    PubMed

    Morris, Louis A; Miller, David W

    2002-01-01

    We review the FDA's policies for the regulation of patient-reported outcome (PRO) claims such as quality of life, productivity, satisfaction and symptom reports and suggest alternative standards for substantiation. We base our review on FDA regulatory activities and public statements in the field of advertising substantiation. We compare these activities to the FDA's label substantiation policies and policies for health-economic (HE) claim substantiation. There is an overt inconsistency between the FDA's policies for substantiation of PRO claims in product labels and substantiation for such claims in advertising materials. This results in a higher standard for PRO claims in promotional vehicles than in product labels. Rather than relying on a "substantial evidence" standard, the FDA should consider a more flexible standard, such as the one currently applied to information included in the Clinical Trials section of product labels, or adopting a "competent and reliable scientific evidence" standard as set forth in Section 114 of the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act (FDAMA) for HE data. We conclude that there needs to be greater consistency for substantiation in product labels and promotional materials. Furthermore, reconceptualizing most PRO claims as benefit extrapolations as opposed to efficacy information suggests a less rigorous standard is necessary.

  3. Viruses and interstitial cystitis: adenovirus genomes cannot be demonstrated in urinary bladder biopsies.

    PubMed

    Hukkanen, V; Haarala, M; Nurmi, M; Klemi, P; Kiilholma, P

    1996-01-01

    Microbes may be involved in the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis (IC). Adenoviruses and BK virus (BKV) can infect epithelial cells in urinary bladder and they are causative agents for hemorrhagic cystitis. We therefore studied the presence of adenovirus and BKV genomes in urinary bladder tissue specimens of patients with IC using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH). Controls were specimens from cases with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Nucleic acids were extracted from paraffin sections of the bladder tissue for PCR. Primers detecting all adenovirus types were used. In situ hybridization was carried out for the paraffin sections using digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes for adenovirus and BKV. The adenovirus DNA PCR was able to detect one to two infected cells/specimen. All the seven IC cases studied and six controls were negative for adenovirus DNA by PCR and ISH. The ISH test for BKV genomes was also considered negative in IC cases and controls. The specimens which were negative in PCR tests yielded a signal with beta-globin primers, thus being amplifiable. We conclude that adenovirus and BKV do not play a major pathogenetic role in interstitial cystitis.

  4. Secondhand smoke, dietary fruit intake, road traffic exposures, and the prevalence of asthma: a cross-sectional study in young children.

    PubMed

    Lewis, S A; Antoniak, M; Venn, A J; Davies, L; Goodwin, A; Salfield, N; Britton, J; Fogarty, A W

    2005-03-01

    The authors have investigated the independent effects of exposure to secondhand smoke, road vehicle traffic, and dietary fruit intake in a cross-sectional study of asthma in young children. They surveyed all children aged 4-6 years in 235 schools in the East Midlands and East of England regions of the United Kingdom in 2003. Data on respiratory symptoms, diagnoses and treatment, smoking in the home, and dietary fruit intake were collected by parental questionnaire. A geographic information system was used to map postcodes and determine the distance of the home from the nearest main road. Responses were obtained from 11,562 children. Wheeze in the past year and physician-diagnosed asthma were reported by 14.1% and 18.2%, respectively. Both of these outcomes were more common in children who lived with a smoker, and the prevalence of asthma increased with the number of smokers in the home. Asthma prevalence was not associated with proximity of the home to a main road or with dietary fruit intake. The authors conclude that, of the potential risk factors considered in this study, preventing secondhand smoke exposure may be the most effective way of preventing asthma.

  5. Developing Data Resources for the 21st Century : New Uses for Archived Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Transit Data

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2003-08-01

    This report is broken into four sections. Section 1 provides a very brief description of transit in early American cities, describes the second generation of transit and the role of government planning and concludes with the third generation of trans...

  6. Exposure to air pollution and self-reported effects on Chinese students: A case study of 13 megacities.

    PubMed

    Rajper, Sohail Ahmed; Ullah, Sana; Li, Zhongqiu

    2018-01-01

    Air pollution causes severe physical and psychological health complications. Considering China's continuously-deteriorating air quality, this study aimed to assess the self-reported effects of air pollution on the behavior and physical health of the students of 13 densely populated cities, and their awareness, practices, and perception of air pollution and its associated public health risks. A detailed, closed-ended questionnaire was administered to 2100 students from 54 universities and schools across China. The questionnaire, which had 24 questions, was categorized into four sections. The first two sections were focused on air pollution-associated behavior and psychology, and physical effects; while the final two sections focused on the subjects' awareness and perceptions, and practices and concerns about air pollution. The respondents reported that long-term exposure to air pollution had significantly affected their psychology and behavior, as well as their physical health. The respondents were aware of the different adverse impacts of air pollution (respiratory infections, allergies, and cardiovascular problems), and hence had adopted different preventive measures, such as the use of respiratory masks and glasses or goggles, regularly drinking water, and consuming rich foods. It was concluded that air pollution and haze had negative physical and psychological effects on the respondents, which led to severe changes in behavior. Proper management, future planning, and implementing strict environmental laws are suggested before this problem worsens and becomes life-threatening.

  7. New magnetostratigraphy data and correlation of the traps of Noril'sk and Maymecha-Kotuy regions of the Siberian platform

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fetisova, A. M.; Pavlov, V.; Veselovskiy, R. V.

    2013-12-01

    The Siberian traps are one of the largest igneous provinces on the Earth and trap volcanism has been considered as a possible trigger for the end-Permian mass extinction. Duration of volcanic activity and volume of erupted material are the critical characteristics for determining of the Siberian traps' disastrous effect. These characteristics can be obtained from the correlation of the most complete trap cross-sections. Studied sections are located close to the Norilsk city and in the Maymecha-Kotuy region in the northern part of the Siberian platform. Some possible correlations of these trap sections have been suggested. All of them are based on geochronological, geochemical, paleontological and paleomagnetic data and more or less controversial. In this study we re-analyzed the possible schemes of correlation of these trap sections using new magnetostratigraphic data on these regions. Our analysis allows us to suggest a partial overlapping of the Noril'sk and Maymecha-Kotuy trap sections. Comparison of the virtual geomagnetic poles (VGP) supports a correlation of Arydzhangsky and lower part of Onkuchaksky formations (lower part of Maymecha-Kotuy section) with Morongovsky and Mokulaevsky formations (middle part of Noril'sk section). We also discuss an important question about correlation the designed magnetostratigraphic scale of the northern Siberian traps with the latest version of a global scale of the magnetic polarity (Hounslow et al., 2010). Using two groups of high-quality isotopic ages for the northern Siberia volcanic sections, obtained by Sandra Kamo (Kamo et al., 2003) and Sam Bowring and Seth Burgess (personal comm.), we conclude that the Noril'sk and Maymecha-Kotuy trap sequences could be referred to the lower Induan stage or to the lower Olenekian stage of the Early Triassic. This study was funded by grants RFBR 12-05-31149, 13-05-12030, 13-05-00235 and EAR-0807585 (NSF).

  8. Labour Flexibility and Older Worker Marginalisation: The Need for a New Strategy.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Standing, Guy

    1986-01-01

    This article argues that with the growth of flexible labor arrangements, older workers' long-term position in the labor force is being seriously eroded. The author considers the factors behind this trend and then examines possible remedial policies. He concludes by considering one long-term policy that might work. (CT)

  9. Intercultural Education: Religion, Knowledge and the Limits of Postmodernism

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Coulby, David

    2008-01-01

    This paper commences with an examination of some of the destructive aspects of religion, past and present. Against this it sets the knowledge and tolerance advocated in the Enlightenment. It goes on to consider the current role of religion in some school systems. It concludes by considering the challenge that the institutionalization of religion…

  10. A Statistical Study of Serum Cholesterol Level by Gender and Race.

    PubMed

    Tharu, Bhikhari Prasad; Tsokos, Chris P

    2017-07-25

    Cholesterol level (CL) is growing concerned as health issue in human health since it is considered one of the causes in heart diseases. A study of cholesterol level can provide insight about its nature and characteristics. A cross-sectional study. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANS) II was conducted on a probability sample of approximately 28,000 persons in the USA and cholesterol level is obtained from laboratory results. Samples were selected so that certain population groups thought to be at high risk of malnutrition. Study included 11,864 persons for CL cases with 9,602 males and 2,262 females with races: whites, blacks, and others. Non-parametric statistical tests and goodness of fit test have been used to identify probability distributions. The study concludes that the cholesterol level exhibits significant racial and gender differences in terms of probability distributions. The study has concluded that white people are relatively higher at risk than black people to have risk line and high risk cholesterol. The study clearly indicates that black males normally have higher cholesterol. Females have lower variation in cholesterol than males. There exists gender and racial discrepancies in cholesterol which has been identified as lognormal and gamma probability distributions. White individuals seem to be at a higher risk of having high risk cholesterol level than blacks. Females tend to have higher variation in cholesterol level than males.

  11. Cyber Warfare/Cyber Terrorism

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2004-03-19

    Section 1 of this paper provides an overview of cyber warfare as an element of information warfare, starting with the general background of the...alternative form of conflict, reviews the traditional principles of warfare and why they may or may not apply to cyber warfare , and proposes new principles of...warfare that may be needed to conduct cyber warfare . Section 1 concludes with a review of offensive and defensive cyber warfare concepts. Section 2

  12. The costs of 'free': Experiences of facility-based childbirth after Benin's caesarean section exemption policy.

    PubMed

    Lange, Isabelle L; Kanhonou, Lydie; Goufodji, Sourou; Ronsmans, Carine; Filippi, Véronique

    2016-11-01

    As one of many similar policies in the region, in 2009 Benin launched a free c-section policy in publicly funded hospitals intended to decrease the barriers to facility delivery and the heavy financial burdens on women and their families. We conducted a qualitative study for eight months between 2012 and 2014 to understand women's experiences of care in maternity wards. We carried out semi-structured interviews with 30 women who had delivered via c-section at five hospitals. Two of these hospitals became case study sites where in-depth research was undertaken that consisted of participant observation in each maternity ward and 32 further interviews with women who had complicated, vaginal and c-section deliveries. Overall, women continue to pay for care, both in the form of under-the-table payments to health workers and prescribed payments for services not covered by the policy, though they consider the costs reasonable compared to what the charges were before. Lifting the fees has facilitated conditions for midwives to alert doctors that the procedure might be needed. Partly because c-sections are still feared by most women, in one hospital this led to some women perceiving them as a threat if their labour was progressing more slowly. Implementation of the policy differed greatly between the two case study hospitals. We conclude that some burdens on women's access to care have been addressed but deterrents remain to the improved perception of quality of care on the part of women. Findings detail how important context is to the implementation of the policy, and suggest that similar user-fee removal policies should be accompanied by other measures addressing staff management and quality of care. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging with cross-sectional echocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular mass in children without heart disease and in aortic isthmic coarctation.

    PubMed

    Vogel, M; Stern, H; Bauer, R; Bühlmeyer, K

    1992-04-01

    Although left ventricular (LV) mass may be important to judge effects of left-sided cardiac obstruction or hypertension, reproducible noninvasively determined normal data in the pediatric age group are scarce. To validate cross-sectional echocardiographic LV mass determination, our data were compared with LV mass assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI was considered to be a good reference method because there is usually no problem in defining endo- and epicardial borders with MRI. LV mass was assessed in 14 children aged 5.3 years (10 days to 14.7 years) with a mean body surface area of 0.78 m2 (range 0.25 to 1.61). With cross-sectional echocardiography the epicardial and endocardial volumes were calculated using a Simpsons rule algorithm in the apical 2- and 4-chamber view. The difference between epi- and endocardial volumes was multiplied by 1.05 to yield the mass. Mass was assessed with MRI using a multislice technique; the area of each myocardial slice was calculated and multiplied with the slice thickness, and the resultant slice volumes were added to obtain the myocardial volume. On cross-sectional echocardiography, the mass was 55 g (range 12 to 126) or 64 g/m2 (range 46 to 79); on MRI it was 60 g (range 33 to 87) or 69 g/m2 (range 46 to 89). Regression analysis yielded an r value of 0.98 with a standard error of the estimate of 5.7 g or a 10% difference. In older children, LV mass determined by MRI was bigger than the one derived by echocardiography. It is concluded that cross-sectional echocardiography can reliably assess LV myocardial mass in pediatric patients.

  14. 77 FR 19597 - Listing Endangered and Threatened Species; 12-Month Finding on a Petition To List Chinook Salmon...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-02

    ...We, NMFS, announce a 12-month finding on a petition to list the Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Upper Klamath and Trinity Rivers Basin (UKTR) as threatened or endangered and designate critical habitat under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). We have reviewed the status of the UKTR Chinook salmon Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) and considered the best scientific and commercial data available, and conclude that the petitioned action is not warranted. In reaching this conclusion, we conclude that spring-run and fall-run Chinook salmon in the UKTR Basin constitute a single ESU. Based on a comprehensive review of the best scientific and commercial data currently available, and consistent with the 1998 status review and listing determination for the UKTR Chinook salmon ESU, the overall extinction risk of the ESU is considered to be low over the next 100 years. Based on these considerations and others described in this notice, we conclude this ESU is not in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range, nor is it likely to become so in the foreseeable future.

  15. Cognitive aspects of young children's experience of economic disadvantage.

    PubMed

    Heberle, Amy E; Carter, Alice S

    2015-07-01

    Economic disadvantage is a well-studied risk factor for poorer behavioral and academic functioning in young children. Although the mechanisms by which disadvantage impacts children have long been of interest to researchers, studies to date have predominantly focused on mechanisms that are external to the child (e.g., parental depression, marital conflict). Very few studies have examined the internal, cognitive aspects of the experience of economic disadvantage, and almost none have considered how the effects of disadvantage on children's functioning might be mediated through cognitive processes. This article provides a framework for research into cognitive and social-cognitive mediators of economic disadvantage operating in early-to-middle childhood. The initial section of the article briefly reviews and summarizes the extant literature on childhood poverty and its effects. The second section reviews the evidence that preschool-aged children have the requisite cognitive abilities to recognize social inequality in their environments, to be aware of stereotypes related to social class, and to connect these social concepts to their own experience. The third section reviews and evaluates the small literature on children's appraisals, attributions, stereotypes, and perceptions of or about poverty and inequality. The fourth section defines and evaluates the literature on 2 social-cognitive processes-stereotype threat and status anxiety-that are hypothesized to mediate the effects of economic disadvantage on children's functioning. The article concludes with a series of proposed questions and hypotheses for future research, and elaborates on the potential implications of the proposed area of research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

  16. Intrinsic sensory deprivation induced by neonatal capsaicin treatment induces changes in rat brain and behaviour of possible relevance to schizophrenia

    PubMed Central

    Newson, Penny; Lynch-Frame, Ann; Roach, Rebecca; Bennett, Sarah; Carr, Vaughan; Chahl, Loris A

    2005-01-01

    Schizophrenia is considered to be a neurodevelopmental disorder with origins in the prenatal or neonatal period. Brains from subjects with schizophrenia have enlarged ventricles, reduced cortical thickness (CT) and increased neuronal density in the prefrontal cortex compared with those from normal subjects. Subjects with schizophrenia have reduced pain sensitivity and niacin skin flare responses, suggesting that capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent neurons might be abnormal in schizophrenia. This study tested the hypothesis that intrinsic somatosensory deprivation, induced by neonatal capsaicin treatment, causes changes in the brains of rats similar to those found in schizophrenia. Wistar rats were treated with capsaicin, 50 mg kg−1 subcutaneously, or vehicle (control) at 24–36 h of life. At 5–7 weeks behavioural observations were made, and brains removed, fixed and sectioned. The mean body weight of capsaicin-treated rats was not significantly different from control, but the mean brain weight of male, but not female, rats, was significantly lower than control. Capsaicin-treated rats were hyperactive compared with controls. The hyperactivity was abolished by haloperidol. Coronal brain sections of capsaicin-treated rats had smaller cross-sectional areas, reduced CT, larger ventricles and aqueduct, smaller hippocampal area and reduced corpus callosum thickness, than brain sections from control rats. Neuronal density was increased in several cortical areas and the caudate putamen, but not in the visual cortex. It is concluded that neonatal capsaicin treatment of rats produces brain changes that are similar to those found in brains of subjects with schizophrenia. PMID:16041396

  17. Comparison of safety effect estimates obtained from empirical Bayes before-after study, propensity scores-potential outcomes framework, and regression model with cross-sectional data.

    PubMed

    Wood, Jonathan S; Donnell, Eric T; Porter, Richard J

    2015-02-01

    A variety of different study designs and analysis methods have been used to evaluate the performance of traffic safety countermeasures. The most common study designs and methods include observational before-after studies using the empirical Bayes method and cross-sectional studies using regression models. The propensity scores-potential outcomes framework has recently been proposed as an alternative traffic safety countermeasure evaluation method to address the challenges associated with selection biases that can be part of cross-sectional studies. Crash modification factors derived from the application of all three methods have not yet been compared. This paper compares the results of retrospective, observational evaluations of a traffic safety countermeasure using both before-after and cross-sectional study designs. The paper describes the strengths and limitations of each method, focusing primarily on how each addresses site selection bias, which is a common issue in observational safety studies. The Safety Edge paving technique, which seeks to mitigate crashes related to roadway departure events, is the countermeasure used in the present study to compare the alternative evaluation methods. The results indicated that all three methods yielded results that were consistent with each other and with previous research. The empirical Bayes results had the smallest standard errors. It is concluded that the propensity scores with potential outcomes framework is a viable alternative analysis method to the empirical Bayes before-after study. It should be considered whenever a before-after study is not possible or practical. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Do hip muscle weakness and dynamic knee valgus matter for the clinical evaluation and decision-making process in patients with patellofemoral pain?

    PubMed

    Rabelo, Nayra Deise Dos Anjos; Lucareli, Paulo Roberto Garcia

    Patellofemoral pain is a very common musculoskeletal condition. In the last years, evidence regarding this disease increased exponentially. Although widely investigated, this problem still frustrates patients and clinicians for having an unfavorable prognosis. Some gaps still exist in the understanding and managing of patellofemoral pain. Numerous cross-sectional association studies show an association between gluteus muscular strength and dynamic knee valgus in patients with patellofemoral pain. In spite of this biological plausibility, many evidences challenge the direct relationship between these factors. Recent studies have concluded that women with patellofemoral pain show muscular weakness of the hip based on the cross-sectional studies, however prospective studies indicate that hip weakness cannot be considered a risk for development of patellofemoral pain. In addition, some clinical trials have demonstrated that strength training of the gluteal muscles promotes significant improvement in symptoms but not alter the kinematics of the patients with patellofemoral pain. These findings cast doubt on whether the cause of this condition is really being treated, whether all individuals suffering from patellofemoral pain present dynamic knee valgus or if this is a disturbance present in only a subgroup of patients and whether the strengthening of the hip musculature is an option to consider for prevention of patellofemoral pain. Certainly, more studies should be conducted to clarify the influence of mechanical patterns on this condition, but with the existing evidence so far, the importance given to these issues in the evaluation and clinical decision on treatment of these patients seems questionable. Therefore, this masterclass explores the understanding about patellofemoral pain, highlighting mainly the importance of muscular strength and dynamic knee valgus, as well as other possible factors that must be consider during the evaluation and the decision making in these patients. Copyright © 2017 Associação Brasileira de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia. Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

  19. Pattern of Frequent But Nontargeted Pharmacologic Thromboprophylaxis for Hospitalized Patients With Cancer at Academic Medical Centers: A Prospective, Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study

    PubMed Central

    Zwicker, Jeffrey I.; Rojan, Adam; Campigotto, Federico; Rehman, Nadia; Funches, Renee; Connolly, Gregory; Webster, Jonathan; Aggarwal, Anita; Mobarek, Dalia; Faselis, Charles; Neuberg, Donna; Rickles, Frederick R.; Wun, Ted; Streiff, Michael B.; Khorana, Alok A.

    2014-01-01

    Purpose Hospitalized patients with cancer are considered to be at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Despite strong recommendations in numerous clinical practice guidelines, retrospective studies have shown that pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis is underutilized in hospitalized patients with cancer. Patients and Methods We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study of hospitalized patients with cancer at five academic hospitals to determine prescription rates of thromboprophylaxis and factors influencing its use during hospitalization. Results A total of 775 patients with cancer were enrolled across five academic medical centers. Two hundred forty-seven patients (31.9%) had relative contraindications to pharmacologic prophylaxis. Accounting for contraindications to anticoagulation, the overall rate of pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis was 74.2% (95% CI, 70.4% to 78.0%; 392 of 528 patients). Among the patients with cancer without contraindications for anticoagulation, individuals hospitalized with nonhematologic malignancies were significantly more likely to receive pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis than those with hematologic malignancies (odds ratio [OR], 2.34; 95% CI, 1.43 to 3.82; P = .007). Patients with cancer admitted for cancer therapy were significantly less likely to receive pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis than those admitted for other reasons (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.61; P < .001). Sixty-three percent of patients with cancer classified as low risk, as determined by the Padua Scoring System, received anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis. Among the 136 patients who did not receive anticoagulation, 58.8% were considered to be high risk by the Padua Scoring System. Conclusion We conclude that pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis is frequently administered to hospitalized patients with cancer but that nearly one third of patients are considered to have relative contraindications for prophylactic anticoagulation. Pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients with cancer is commonly prescribed without regard to the presence or absence of concomitant risk factors for VTE. PMID:24799475

  20. Building from In Vivo Research to the Future of Research on Relational Thinking and Learning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schunn, Christian D.

    2017-01-01

    This concluding commentary takes the perspective of research on practicing scientists and engineers to consider what open areas and future directions on relational thinking and learning should be considered beyond the impressive research presented in the special issue. Areas for more work include (a) a need to examine educational applications of…

  1. Gender-typical olfactory regulation of sexual behavior in goldfish

    PubMed Central

    Kawaguchi, Yutaro; Nagaoka, Akira; Kitami, Asana; Mitsuhashi, Tomomi; Hayakawa, Youichi; Kobayashi, Makito

    2014-01-01

    It is known that olfaction is essential for the occurrence of sexual behavior in male goldfish. Sex pheromones from ovulatory females elicit male sexual behavior, chasing, and sperm releasing act. In female goldfish, ovarian prostaglandin F2α (PGF) elicits female sexual behavior, egg releasing act. It has been considered that olfaction does not affect sexual behavior in female goldfish. In the present study, we re-examined the involvement of olfaction in sexual behavior of female goldfish. Olfaction was blocked in male and female goldfish by two methods: nasal occlusion (NO) which blocks the reception of olfactants, and olfactory tract section (OTX) which blocks transmission of olfactory information from the olfactory bulb to the telencephalon. Sexual behavior of goldfish was induced by administration of PGF to females, an established method for inducing goldfish sexual behavior in both sexes. Sexual behavior in males was suppressed by NO and OTX as previously reported because of lack of pheromone stimulation. In females, NO suppressed sexual behavior but OTX did not affect the occurrence of sexual behavior. Females treated with both NO and OTX performed sexual behavior normally. These results indicate that olfaction is essential in female goldfish to perform sexual behavior as in males but in a different manner. The lack of olfaction in males causes lack of pheromonal stimulation, resulting in no behavior elicited. Whereas the results of female experiments suggest that lack of olfaction in females causes strong inhibition of sexual behavior mediated by the olfactory pathway. Olfactory tract section is considered to block the pathway and remove this inhibition, resulting in the resumption of the behavior. By subtract sectioning of the olfactory tract, it was found that this inhibition was mediated by the medial olfactory tracts, not the lateral olfactory tracts. Thus, it is concluded that goldfish has gender-typical olfactory regulation for sexual behavior. PMID:24817840

  2. Soil carbon sequestration is a climate stabilization wedge: comments on Sommer and Bossio (2014).

    PubMed

    Lassaletta, Luis; Aguilera, Eduardo

    2015-04-15

    Sommer and Bossio (2014) model the potential soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in agricultural soils (croplands and grasslands) during the next 87 years, concluding that this process cannot be considered as a climate stabilization wedge. We argue, however, that the amounts of SOC potentially sequestered in both scenarios (pessimistic and optimistic) fulfil the requirements for being considered as wedge because in both cases at least 25 GtC would be sequestered during the next 50 years. We consider that it is precisely in the near future, and meanwhile other solutions are developed, when this stabilization effort is most urgent even if after some decades the sequestration rate is significantly reduced. Indirect effects of SOC sequestration on mitigation could reinforce the potential of this solution. We conclude that the sequestration of organic carbon in agricultural soils as a climate change mitigation tool still deserves important attention for scientists, managers and policy makers. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Innovative forming and fabrication technologies : new opportunities.

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Davis, B.; Hryn, J.; Energy Systems

    2008-01-31

    The advent of light metal alloys and advanced materials (polymer, composites, etc.) have brought the possibility of achieving important energy reductions into the full life cycle of these materials, especially in transportation applications. 1 These materials have gained acceptance in the aerospace industry but use of light metal alloys needs to gain wider acceptance in other commercial transportation areas. Among the main reasons for the relatively low use of these materials are the lack of manufacturability, insufficient mechanical properties, and increased material costs due to processing inefficiencies. Considering the enormous potential energy savings associated with the use of light metalmore » alloys and advanced materials in transportation, there is a need to identify R&D opportunities in the fields of materials fabrication and forming aimed at developing materials with high specific mechanical properties combined with energy efficient processes and good manufacturability. This report presents a literature review of the most recent developments in the areas of fabrication and metal forming focusing principally on aluminum alloys. In the first section of the document, the different sheet manufacturing technologies including direct chill (DC) casting and rolling, spray forming, spray rolling, thin slab, and strip casting are reviewed. The second section of the document presents recent research on advanced forming processes. The various forming processes reviewed are: superplastic forming, electromagnetic forming, age forming, warm forming, hydroforming, and incremental forming. Optimization of conventional forming processes is also discussed. Potentially interesting light metal alloys for high structural efficiency including aluminum-scandium, aluminum-lithium, magnesium, titanium, and amorphous metal alloys are also reviewed. This section concludes with a discussion on alloy development for manufacturability. The third section of the document reviews the latest developments in fiber-reinforced composite materials. Emerging curing processes are presented along with a discussion on the possible developments in biocomposite materials. The fourth section presents recent developments in the fabrication of bulk nanomaterials and nanoparticles reinforced materials. Advanced joining technologies are presented in the fifth section. Future research is proposed in the last section.« less

  4. Inspector General's Semiannual Report to Congress: No. 52. October 1, 2005-March 31, 2006

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    US Department of Education, 2006

    2006-01-01

    The first section of this report provides information on hurricane-recovery efforts. The second section of this report provides a summary of the work concluded in the area of elementary and secondary education, special education, and post-secondary education programs over the last six months. For 26 years, helping the Department identify and…

  5. Survey of Land-Grant Colleges and Universities. Bulletin, 1930, No. 9. Volume II. [Part VII - Index

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Office of Education, United States Department of the Interior, 1930

    1930-01-01

    The attached document covers the concluding sections of the second volume of the Survey of Land-Grant Colleges and Universities: Part VII through the index. Part VII, Extension services, is divided into the following sections: (1) Introduction; (2) Position and objectives of Smith-Lever cooperative extension; (3) Administrative organization of…

  6. Planning Considerations for Secure Network Protocols

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1999-03-01

    distribution / management ) requirements needed to support network security services are examined. The thesis concludes by identifying tactical user network requirements and suggests security issues to be considered in concert with network

  7. Independent Review of the DFAS FY 2012 Working Capital Fund Financial Statement Audit

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-03-12

    trivial amount at a level where it is likely that in aggregate (total) the misstatements would not be material . AICPA AU Section 312, “Audit Risk ... risk that the financial statements are free of material misstatements . When statistical techniques are used, the auditor can conclude through the... misstatement in the financial statements was made, the auditor could not conclude at a low risk that the financial statements are free of material

  8. "Who's in Charge Here?": Teaching Narrative Voice in Frank O'Connor's "My Oedipus Complex."

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wentworth, Michael

    2001-01-01

    Considers how Frank O'Connor's "My Oedipus Complex" provides a good introduction to the subtleties of narrative voice and control. Concludes by considering the notion of control and its relation to the narrative point of view in O'Connor's story and how it bears directly upon the value of reading literature and the reader's role. (SG)

  9. 2014 Vehicle Technologies Market Report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Davis, Stacy Cagle; Diegel, Susan W; Boundy, Robert Gary

    2015-03-01

    This is the sixth edition of this report, which details the major trends in U.S. light-duty vehicle and medium/heavy truck markets as well as the underlying trends that caused them. This report is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy s (DOE) Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO), and, in accord with its mission, pays special attention to the progress of high-efficiency and alternative-fuel technologies. After opening with a discussion of energy and economics, this report features a section each on the light-duty vehicle and heavy/medium truck markets, and concluding with a section each on technology and policy. The first section onmore » Energy and Economics discusses the role of transportation energy and vehicle markets on a national (and even international) scale. The following section examines Light-Duty Vehicle use, markets, manufacture, and supply chains. The discussion of Medium and Heavy Trucks offers information on truck sales and technologies specific to heavy trucks. The Technology section offers information on alternative fuel vehicles and infrastructure, and the Policy section concludes with information on recent, current, and near-future Federal policies like the Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards. In total, the information contained in this report is intended to communicate a fairly complete understanding of U.S. highway transportation energy through a series of easily digestible tables and figures.« less

  10. Hydrological and hydraulic models for determination of flood-prone and flood inundation areas

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aksoy, Hafzullah; Sadan Ozgur Kirca, Veysel; Burgan, Halil Ibrahim; Kellecioglu, Dorukhan

    2016-05-01

    Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are widely used in most studies on water resources. Especially, when the topography and geomorphology of study area are considered, GIS can ease the work load. Detailed data should be used in this kind of studies. Because of, either the complication of the models or the requirement of highly detailed data, model outputs can be obtained fast only with a good optimization. The aim in this study, firstly, is to determine flood-prone areas in a watershed by using a hydrological model considering two wetness indexes; the topographical wetness index, and the SAGA (System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses) wetness index. The wetness indexes were obtained in the Quantum GIS (QGIS) software by using the Digital Elevation Model of the study area. Flood-prone areas are determined by considering the wetness index maps of the watershed. As the second stage of this study, a hydraulic model, HEC-RAS, was executed to determine flood inundation areas under different return period-flood events. River network cross-sections required for this study were derived from highly detailed digital elevation models by QGIS. Also river hydraulic parameters were used in the hydraulic model. Modelling technology used in this study is made of freely available open source softwares. Based on case studies performed on watersheds in Turkey, it is concluded that results of such studies can be used for taking precaution measures against life and monetary losses due to floods in urban areas particularly.

  11. High Temperature Gas Reactors: Assessment of Applicable Codes and Standards

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    McDowell, Bruce K.; Nickolaus, James R.; Mitchell, Mark R.

    2011-10-31

    Current interest expressed by industry in HTGR plants, particularly modular plants with power up to about 600 MW(e) per unit, has prompted NRC to task PNNL with assessing the currently available literature related to codes and standards applicable to HTGR plants, the operating history of past and present HTGR plants, and with evaluating the proposed designs of RPV and associated piping for future plants. Considering these topics in the order they are arranged in the text, first the operational histories of five shut-down and two currently operating HTGR plants are reviewed, leading the authors to conclude that while small, simplemore » prototype HTGR plants operated reliably, some of the larger plants, particularly Fort St. Vrain, had poor availability. Safety and radiological performance of these plants has been considerably better than LWR plants. Petroleum processing plants provide some applicable experience with materials similar to those proposed for HTGR piping and vessels. At least one currently operating plant - HTR-10 - has performed and documented a leak before break analysis that appears to be applicable to proposed future US HTGR designs. Current codes and standards cover some HTGR materials, but not all materials are covered to the high temperatures envisioned for HTGR use. Codes and standards, particularly ASME Codes, are under development for proposed future US HTGR designs. A 'roadmap' document has been prepared for ASME Code development; a new subsection to section III of the ASME Code, ASME BPVC III-5, is scheduled to be published in October 2011. The question of terminology for the cross-duct structure between the RPV and power conversion vessel is discussed, considering the differences in regulatory requirements that apply depending on whether this structure is designated as a 'vessel' or as a 'pipe'. We conclude that designing this component as a 'pipe' is the more appropriate choice, but that the ASME BPVC allows the owner of the facility to select the preferred designation, and that either designation can be acceptable.« less

  12. Exposure to air pollution and self-reported effects on Chinese students: A case study of 13 megacities

    PubMed Central

    2018-01-01

    Air pollution causes severe physical and psychological health complications. Considering China’s continuously-deteriorating air quality, this study aimed to assess the self-reported effects of air pollution on the behavior and physical health of the students of 13 densely populated cities, and their awareness, practices, and perception of air pollution and its associated public health risks. A detailed, closed-ended questionnaire was administered to 2100 students from 54 universities and schools across China. The questionnaire, which had 24 questions, was categorized into four sections. The first two sections were focused on air pollution-associated behavior and psychology, and physical effects; while the final two sections focused on the subjects’ awareness and perceptions, and practices and concerns about air pollution. The respondents reported that long-term exposure to air pollution had significantly affected their psychology and behavior, as well as their physical health. The respondents were aware of the different adverse impacts of air pollution (respiratory infections, allergies, and cardiovascular problems), and hence had adopted different preventive measures, such as the use of respiratory masks and glasses or goggles, regularly drinking water, and consuming rich foods. It was concluded that air pollution and haze had negative physical and psychological effects on the respondents, which led to severe changes in behavior. Proper management, future planning, and implementing strict environmental laws are suggested before this problem worsens and becomes life-threatening. PMID:29547657

  13. A critical evaluation of monkey models of amnesia and dementia.

    PubMed

    Ridley, R M; Baker, H F

    1991-01-01

    In this review we consider various models of amnesia and dementia in monkeys and examine the validity of such models. In Section 2 we describe the various types of memory tests (tasks) available for use with monkeys and discuss the extent to which these tasks assess different facets of memory according to present theories of human memory. We argue that the rules which govern correct task performance are best regarded as a form of semantic rather than procedural memory, and that when information about stimulus attributes or reward associations is stored long-term then that knowledge is semantic. The demonstration of episodic memory in monkeys is problematic and the term recognition memory has been used too loosely. In particular, it is difficult to dissociate episodic memory for stimulus events from the use of semantic memory for the rule of the task, since dysfunction of either can produce impairment on performance of the same task. Tasks can also be divided into those which assess memory for stimulus-reward associations (evaluative memory) and those which tax stimulus-response associations including spatial and conditional responding (non-evaluative memory). This dissociation cuts across the distinction between semantic and episodic memory. In Section 3 we examine the usefulness of the classification of tasks described in Section 2 in clarifying our understanding of the contribution of the temporal lobes and the cholinergic system to memory. We conclude that evaluative and non-evaluative memory are mediated by separate parallel systems involving the amygdala and hippocampus, respectively.

  14. Demanding stories: television coverage of sustainability, climate change and material demand

    PubMed Central

    2017-01-01

    This paper explores the past, present and future role of broadcasting, above all via the medium of television, in shaping how societies talk, think about and act on climate change and sustainability issues. The paper explores these broad themes via a focus on the important but relatively neglected issue of material demand and opportunities for its reduction. It takes the outputs and decision-making of one of the world's most influential broadcasters, the BBC, as its primary focus. The paper considers these themes in terms of stories, touching on some of the broader societal frames of understanding into which they can be grouped. Media decision-makers and producers from a range of genres frequently return to the centrality of ‘story’ in the development, commissioning and production of an idea. With reference to specific examples of programming, and drawing on interviews with media practitioners, the paper considers the challenges of generating broadcast stories that can inspire engagement in issues around climate change, and specifically material demand. The concluding section proposes actions and approaches that might help to establish material demand reduction as a prominent way of thinking about climate change and environmental issues more widely. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Material demand reduction’. PMID:28461439

  15. Impact of implicit effects on uncertainties and sensitivities of the Doppler coefficient of a LWR pin cell

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hursin, Mathieu; Leray, Olivier; Perret, Gregory; Pautz, Andreas; Bostelmann, Friederike; Aures, Alexander; Zwermann, Winfried

    2017-09-01

    In the present work, PSI and GRS sensitivity analysis (SA) and uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods, SHARK-X and XSUSA respectively, are compared for reactivity coefficient calculation; for reference the results of the TSUNAMI and SAMPLER modules of the SCALE code package are also provided. The main objective of paper is to assess the impact of the implicit effect, e.g., considering the effect of cross section perturbation on the self-shielding calculation, on the Doppler coefficient SA and UQ. Analyses are done for a Light Water Reactor (LWR) pin cell based on Phase I of the UAM LWR benchmark. The negligence of implicit effects in XSUSA and TSUNAMI leads to deviations of a few percent between the sensitivity profiles compared to SAMPLER and TSUNAMI (incl. implicit effects) except for 238U elastic scattering. The implicit effect is much larger for the SHARK-X calculations because of its coarser energy group structure between 10 eV and 10 keV compared to the applied SCALE libraries. It is concluded that the influence of the implicit effect strongly depends on the energy mesh of the nuclear data library of the neutron transport solver involved in the UQ calculations and may be magnified by the response considered.

  16. Explaining the DAMPE data with scalar dark matter and gauged U(1)_{L_e-L_μ } interaction

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cao, Junjie; Feng, Lei; Guo, Xiaofei; Shang, Liangliang; Wang, Fei; Wu, Peiwen; Zu, Lei

    2018-03-01

    Inspired by the peak structure observed by recent DAMPE experiment in e^+e^- cosmic-ray spectrum, we consider a scalar dark matter (DM) model with gauged U(1)_{L_e-L_μ } symmetry, which is the most economical anomaly-free theory to potentially explain the peak by DM annihilation in nearby subhalo. We utilize the process χ χ → Z^' Z^' → l \\bar{l} l^' \\bar{l}^' , where χ , Z^' , l^{(' )} denote the scalar DM, the new gauge boson and l^{(' )} =e, μ , respectively, to generate the e^+e^- spectrum. By fitting the predicted spectrum to the experimental data, we obtain the favored DM mass range m_χ ˜eq 3060^{+80}_{-100} GeV and Δ m ≡ m_χ - m_{Z^' } ≲ 14 GeV at 68% Confidence Level (C.L.). Furthermore, we determine the parameter space of the model which can explain the peak and meanwhile satisfy the constraints from DM relic abundance, DM direct detection and the collider bounds. We conclude that the model we consider can account for the peak, although there exists a tension with the constraints from the LEP-II bound on m_{Z^' } arising from the cross section measurement of e^+e^- → Z^' *} → e^+ e^-.

  17. Population age structure and asset returns: an empirical investigation.

    PubMed

    Poterba, J M

    1998-10-01

    "This paper investigates the association between population age structure, particularly the share of the population in the 'prime saving years' 45-60, and the returns on stocks and bonds. The paper is motivated by the claim that the aging of the 'Baby Boom' cohort in the United States is a key factor in explaining the recent rise in asset values. It also addresses the associated claim that asset prices will decline when this large cohort reaches retirement age and begins to reduce its asset holdings. This paper begins by considering household age-asset accumulation profiles. Data from the Survey of Consumer Finances suggest that while cross-sectional age-wealth profiles peak for households in their early 60s, cohort data on the asset ownership of the same households show a much less pronounced peak.... The paper then considers the historical relationship between demographic structure and real returns on Treasury bills, long-term government bonds, and corporate stock. The results do not suggest any robust relationship between demographic structure and asset returns.... The paper concludes by discussing factors such as international capital flows and forward-looking behavior on the part of market participants that could weaken the relationship between age structure and asset returns in a single nation." excerpt

  18. The Bus Stops Here.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Milshtein, Amy

    1999-01-01

    Explores some of the factors to consider before school planners decide to buy new school buses. Provides a checklist to help build and maintain a bus fleet. Concludes by addressing bus safety and advertising. (GR)

  19. Cost analysis of the CTLB Study, a multitherapy antenatal education programme to reduce routine interventions in labour

    PubMed Central

    Dahlen, Hannah G; Smith, Caroline A; Finlayson, Kenneth William; Downe, Soo

    2018-01-01

    Objective To assess whether the multitherapy antenatal education ‘CTLB’ (Complementary Therapies for Labour and Birth) Study programme leads to net cost savings. Design Cost analysis of the CTLB Study, using analysis of outcomes and hospital funding data. Methods We take a payer perspective and use Australian Refined Diagnosis-Related Group (AR-DRG) cost data to estimate the potential savings per woman to the payer (government or private insurer). We consider scenarios in which the intervention cost is either borne by the woman or by the payer. Savings are computed as the difference in total cost between the control group and the study group. Results If the cost of the intervention is not borne by the payer, the average saving to the payer was calculated to be $A808 per woman. If the payer covers the cost of the programme, this figure reduces to $A659 since the average cost of delivering the programme was $A149 per woman. All these findings are significant at the 95% confidence level. Significantly more women in the study group experienced a normal vaginal birth, and significantly fewer women in the study group experienced a caesarean section. The main cost saving resulted from the reduced rate of caesarean section in the study group. Conclusion The CTLB antenatal education programme leads to significant savings to payers that come from reduced use of hospital resources. Depending on which perspective is considered, and who is responsible for covering the cost of the programme, the net savings vary from $A659 to $A808 per woman. Compared with the average cost of birth in the control group, we conclude that the programme could lead to a reduction in birth-related healthcare costs of approximately 9%. Trial registration number ACTRN12611001126909. PMID:29439002

  20. Recovery of Carbonate Ecosystems Following the End-Triassic Mass Extinction: Insights from Mercury Anomalies and Their Relationship to the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Corsetti, F. A.; Thibodeau, A. M.; Ritterbush, K. A.; West, A. J.; Yager, J. A.; Ibarra, Y.; Bottjer, D. J.; Berelson, W.; Bergquist, B. A.

    2015-12-01

    Recent high-resolution age dating demonstrates that the end-Triassic mass extinction overlapped with the eruption of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP), and the release of CO2 and other volatiles to the atmosphere has been implicated in the extinction. Given the potentially massive release of CO2, ocean acidification is commonly considered a factor in the extinction and the collapse of shallow marine carbonate ecosystems. However, the timing of global marine biotic recovery versus the CAMP eruptions is more uncertain. Here, we use Hg concentrations and Hg/TOC ratios as indicators of CAMP volcanism in continental shelf sediments, the primary archive of faunal data. In Triassic-Jurassic strata, Muller Canyon, Nevada, Hg and Hg/TOC levels are low prior to the extinction, rise sharply in the extinction interval, peak just prior to the appearance of the first Jurassic ammonite, and remain above background in association with a depauperate (low diversity) earliest Jurassic fauna. The return of Hg to pre-extinction levels is associated with a significant pelagic and benthic faunal recovery. We conclude that significant biotic recovery did not begin until CAMP eruptions ceased. Furthermore, the initial benthic recovery in the Muller Canyon section involves the expansion of a siliceous sponge-dominated ecosystem across shallow marine environments, a feature now known from other sections around the world (e.g., Peru, Morocco, Austria, etc.). Carbonate dominated benthic ecosystems (heralded by the return of abundant corals and other skeletal carbonates) did not recover for ~1 million years following the last eruption of CAMP, longer than the typical duration considered for ocean acidification events, implying other factors may have played a role in carbonate ecosystem dynamics after the extinction.

  1. 47 CFR 0.311 - Authority delegated.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... delegated authority. (3) Matters that present novel questions of law, fact or policy that cannot be resolved... or entities. (5) Orders concluding an investigation under section 208(b) of the Communications Act...

  2. 47 CFR 0.311 - Authority delegated.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... delegated authority. (3) Matters that present novel questions of law, fact or policy that cannot be resolved... or entities. (5) Orders concluding an investigation under section 208(b) of the Communications Act...

  3. 47 CFR 0.311 - Authority delegated.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... delegated authority. (3) Matters that present novel questions of law, fact or policy that cannot be resolved... or entities. (5) Orders concluding an investigation under section 208(b) of the Communications Act...

  4. 47 CFR 0.311 - Authority delegated.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... delegated authority. (3) Matters that present novel questions of law, fact or policy that cannot be resolved... or entities. (5) Orders concluding an investigation under section 208(b) of the Communications Act...

  5. 47 CFR 0.311 - Authority delegated.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... delegated authority. (3) Matters that present novel questions of law, fact or policy that cannot be resolved... or entities. (5) Orders concluding an investigation under section 208(b) of the Communications Act...

  6. 19 CFR 351.213 - Administrative review of orders and suspension agreements under section 751(a)(1) of the Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... concludes that, during the period covered by the review, there were no entries, exports, or sales of the... administrative review under this section will cover, as appropriate, entries, exports, or sales during the period... 19 Customs Duties 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Administrative review of orders and suspension...

  7. Don't Forget the Fine Print: MOOCs and Student Privacy

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hutchens, Neal H.; Hulbert, Azalea

    2016-01-01

    This chapter presents issues related to the legal privacy rights of MOOC enrollees and considers the role of institutional values and missions; it concludes with recommendations for enhancing student privacy.

  8. Estimates of magnetic flux, and energy balance in the plasma sheet during substorm expansion

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hesse, Michael; Birn, Joachim; Pulkkinen, Tuija

    1996-01-01

    The energy and magnetic flux budgets of the magnetotail plasma sheet during substorm expansion are investigated. The possible mechanisms that change the energy content of the closed field line region which contains all the major dissipation mechanisms of relevance during substorms, are considered. The compression of the plasma sheet mechanism and the diffusion mechanism are considered and excluded. It is concluded that the magnetic reconnection mechanism can accomplish the required transport. Data-based empirical magnetic field models are used to investigate the magnetic flux transport required to account for the observed magnetic field dipolarizations in the inner magnetosphere. It is found that the magnetic flux permeating the current sheet is typically insufficient to supply the required magnetic flux. It is concluded that no major substorm-type magnetospheric reconfiguration is possible in the absence of magnetic reconnection.

  9. Exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation from mobile telephony and the association with psychiatric symptoms.

    PubMed

    Silva, Denize Francisca da; Barros, Warley Rocha; Almeida, Maria da Conceição Chagas de; Rêgo, Marco Antônio Vasconcelos

    2015-10-01

    The aim of this study was to investigate the association between exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone base stations and psychiatric symptoms. In a cross-sectional study in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, 440 individuals were interviewed. Psychiatric complaints and diagnoses were the dependent variables and distance from the individual's residence to the base station was considered the main independent variable. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess confounding. An association was observed between psychiatric symptoms and residential proximity to the base station and different forms of mobile phone use (making calls with weak signal coverage, keeping the mobile phone close to the body, having two or more chips, and never turning off the phone while sleeping), and with the use of other electronic devices. The study concluded that exposure to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone base stations and other electronic devices was associated with psychiatric symptoms, independently of gender, schooling, and smoking status. The adoption of precautionary measures to reduce such exposure is recommended.

  10. Mandatory reporting for child protection in health settings and the rights of parents with disabilities.

    PubMed

    Mudrick, Nancy R; Smith, Carrie Jefferson

    2017-04-01

    This commentary considers the intersection of mandatory reporting in health settings and the public child protection system's treatment of parents with disabilities. Its impetus is the August 2015 technical assistance document issued jointly by the U.S. departments of Justice (DOJ) and Health and Human Services (HHS) that affirms the applicability of the ADA and Section 504 to child protection system (CPS) processes. The DOJ/HHS document speaks to actions of state child protection agencies and courts, without addressing the first step, mandatory reporting. Nonetheless, there are implications for how mandated reporters understand child risk in the presence of disability, and health settings are one venue where mandated reports initiate. This commentary seeks to provide medical professionals with greater understanding of the CPS process and its intersection with disability rights. It concludes that mandatory reporter training must include ADA principles for addressing disability so parents are not unnecessarily reported for investigation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. Interfacial characteristics and determination of cohesive and adhesive strength of plasma-coated hydroxyapatite via nanoindentation and microscratch techniques.

    PubMed

    McManamon, Colm; de Silva, Johann P; Power, John; Ramirez-Garcia, Sonia; Morris, Michael A; Cross, Graham L W

    2014-09-30

    We investigate the chemical composition and mechanical properties of plasma-deposited hydroxyapatite on grit-blasted Ti-6Al-4V coupons as models of typical prosthetic hip implants. Nanoindentation is used to extract the mechanical properties of the hydroxyapatite (HA) coating and to evaluate the behavior of the material as a function of distance from the interface. A microscratch technique was used to determine parameters of cohesive and adhesive failure of the material that are critical in determining the functionality of these biomedical devices. This delamination method has not been studied in detail before and is usually considered to be unsuitable because of the thickness of the HA and the roughness of the substrate. However, through cross-section analysis of the scratch test, we can determine the point at which the HA delaminates from the substrate. It was concluded that spallation occurs locally, and there is no evidence of gross spallation, indicating that the coating is well adhered to the substrate.

  12. The relationship between mental disorders and types of crime in inmates in a Brazilian prison.

    PubMed

    Pondé, Milena P; Caron, Jean; Mendonça, Milena S S; Freire, Antônio C C; Moreau, Nicolas

    2014-09-01

    This cross-sectional study conducted in prisons in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, investigated the association between the presence of psychiatric disorders in 462 prisoners and the types of crimes committed by them. Psychiatric diagnosis was obtained by means of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. A statistically significant association was found between some psychiatric disorders and specific groups of crime: lifelong substance addiction with sex crimes and homicide; antisocial personality disorder with robbery and with kidnapping and extortion; borderline personality disorder with sex crimes; and lifelong alcohol addiction with fraud and conspiracy and with armed robbery and murder. It was concluded that the mental disorders considered more severe (psychosis and bipolar disorder) were not associated with violent crimes, suggesting that the severity of the psychotic disorder may be the factor that has caused psychosis to be associated with violent crimes in previous studies. © 2014 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

  13. Boundary Layer Theory. Part 2; Turbulent Flows

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schlichting, H.

    1949-01-01

    The flow laws of the actual flows at high Reynolds numbers differ considerably from those of the laminar flows treated in the preceding part. These actual flows show a special characteristic, denoted as turbulence. The character of a turbulent flow is most easily understood the case of the pipe flow. Consider the flow through a straight pipe of circular cross section and with a smooth wall. For laminar flow each fluid particle moves with uniform velocity along a rectilinear path. Because of viscosity, the velocity of the particles near the wall is smaller than that of the particles at the center. i% order to maintain the motion, a pressure decrease is required which, for laminar flow, is proportional to the first power of the mean flow velocity. Actually, however, one oberves that, for larger Reynolds numbers, the pressure drop increases almost with the square of the velocity and is very much larger then that given by the Hagen Poiseuille law. One may conclude that the actual flow is very different from that of the Poiseuille flow.

  14. Factors associated with alcohol consumption: a survey of women childbearing at a national referral hospital in Accra, Ghana.

    PubMed

    Adeyiga, Georgetta; Udofia, Emilia A; Yawson, Alfred E

    2014-06-01

    A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the factors associated with alcohol consumption in Ghanaian women of childbearing age. The sample consisted of 394 women of reproductive age, of which 234 were pregnant. Systematic random sampling was used to select respondents from the clinics of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 17.0. In the three months preceding the survey, 37.6% imbibed alcoholic drinks, while 24.4% had ever imbibed an alcoholic herbal brew. Non-Islamic religion, not being in marital union, consuming an alcoholic herbal brew and considering alcohol was beneficial to health were strong predictors of alcohol consumption. We conclude that the prevalence of alcohol consumption is high among this cohort of Ghanaian women. Women should be screened for alcohol consumption and informed about the dangers of heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

  15. A health examination of railway high-voltage substation workers exposed to ELF electromagnetic fields.

    PubMed

    Baroncelli, P; Battisti, S; Checcucci, A; Comba, P; Grandolfo, M; Serio, A; Vecchia, P

    1986-01-01

    This is a cross-sectional survey on the health conditions of railways workers active in 258 interconnection and conversion substations all over Italy. Measurements performed in both kinds of substations operating at 220 kV have shown that maximum levels of the electric field strength and of the magnetic flux density at 50 Hz are of the order of 5 kV/m and 15 microT, respectively. Three subject groups, differently exposed (1, 10, 20 h/week), and an unexposed control group, for a total number of 627 workers, constitute the population at study. All subjects underwent a general medical examination, laboratory investigations, and a series of selected examinations relative to three systems (nervous, cardiovascular, and haematopoietic) considered at higher risk. No differences have been found between the exposed and the control groups. It is concluded that workers exposed to ELF electromagnetic fields of moderate strength do not show the presence of clear effects on their state of health.

  16. City transport of the future - the high speed pedestrian conveyor. Part 1: ergonomic considerations of accelerators, decelerators and transfer sections.

    PubMed

    Browning, A C

    1974-12-01

    In this article, an uncommon form of passenger transport is considered, the moving pavement or pedestrian conveyor running at speeds of up to 16 km/h. There are very little relevant ergonomic data for such devices and some specific laboratory experiments have been carried out using 1000 subjects to represent the general public. It is concluded that whilst high speed pedestrian conveyors are quite feasible, stations along them are likely to be large. The most attractive type is a set of parallel surfaces moving at different speeds and with handholds provided in the form of poles. This type could be extremely convenient for certain locations but will probably have to be restricted in its use to fairly fit adults carrying little luggage, and would find applications in situations where a large number of people need to travel in the same direction. Part 2, Ergonomic considerations of complete conveyor systems, will follow.

  17. [Psychosocial risks, quality of employment, and workplace stress in Chilean wage-earning workers: a gender perspective].

    PubMed

    Ansoleaga, Elisa; Díaz, Ximena; Mauro, Amalia

    2016-07-21

    This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of work-related stress in Chile and its association with exposure to workplace psychosocial risks and quality of employment, considering gender differences. The cross-sectional study included a representative probabilistic national sample of 3,010 salaried workers (1,486 women and 1,524 men). Eighteen percent reported work-related stress (23.8% of women and 14.8% of men). People exposed to psychosocial risks had a higher probability of experiencing stress, and women were more likely to suffer stress than men. Women and men in precarious work showed increased likelihood of distress, compared to workers with less precarious jobs. However, women in precarious jobs were more likely to suffer stress than men in the same situation. The study concluded that women had more precarious jobs, experienced greater exposure to psychosocial risks, and suffered more stress than men. This is evidence of double discrimination (social and gender-based) in the Chilean labor market.

  18. [Estimated mammogram coverage in Goiás State, Brazil].

    PubMed

    Corrêa, Rosangela da Silveira; Freitas-Júnior, Ruffo; Peixoto, João Emílio; Rodrigues, Danielle Cristina Netto; Lemos, Maria Eugênia da Fonseca; Marins, Lucy Aparecida Parreira; Silveira, Erika Aparecida da

    2011-09-01

    This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate mammogram coverage in the State of Goiás, Brazil, describing the supply, demand, and variations in different age groups, evaluating 98 mammography services as observational units. We estimated the mammogram rates by age group and type of health service, as well as the number of tests required to cover 70% and 100% of the target population. We assessed the association between mammograms, geographical distribution of mammography machines, type of service, and age group. Full coverage estimates, considering 100% of women in the 40-69 and 50-69-year age brackets, were 61% and 66%, of which the Brazilian Unified National Health System provided 13% and 14%, respectively. To achieve 70% coverage, 43,424 additional mammograms would be needed. All the associations showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). We conclude that mammogram coverage is unevenly distributed in the State of Goiás and that fewer tests are performed than required.

  19. What kind of sexual dysfunction is most common among overweight and obese women in reproductive age?

    PubMed

    Rabiepoor, S; Khalkhali, H R; Sadeghi, E

    2017-03-01

    The aim of this study was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and sexual health and determine what kind of sexual dysfunction is most common among overweight and obese women in reproductive age from Iran. A cross-sectional descriptive design was adopted. The data of 198 women who referred to health centers during 2014-2015 in Iran were collected through convenient sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, female sexual function and sexual satisfaction indexes. Participants' heights and weights were recorded in centimeters and kilogram. Data were analyzed applying descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, regression logistic analysis and χ 2 . P-values<0.05 were considered significant. The mean age of women was 29.89±7.01 and ages ranged from 17 to 45 years. 85.9% of the participants had sexual dysfunction, and 69.7% had dissatisfaction and low satisfaction. According to our evaluations, orgasm dysfunction had the most frequency; on the other hand, desire dysfunction and pain dysfunction had the lowest frequency among overweight and obese women, respectively. Using logistic regression analysis, we have shown that BMI affected on sexual satisfaction, but there was not significant differences between BMI and sexual function. This article concludes that all women especially women with overweight and obesity should be counseled about health outcomes related to sexual activity. This article concludes that all women especially women with overweight and obesity should be counseled about health outcomes related to sexual activity.

  20. 12 CFR 5.35 - Bank service companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... similar business entity organized under the law of a State (as defined in section 3 of the Federal Deposit... OCC concludes that an application presents significant and novel policy, supervisory, or legal issues...

  1. 12 CFR 5.35 - Bank service companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... similar business entity organized under the law of a State (as defined in section 3 of the Federal Deposit... OCC concludes that an application presents significant and novel policy, supervisory, or legal issues...

  2. 12 CFR 5.35 - Bank service companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... similar business entity organized under the law of a State (as defined in section 3 of the Federal Deposit... OCC concludes that an application presents significant and novel policy, supervisory, or legal issues...

  3. 12 CFR 5.35 - Bank service companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... similar business entity organized under the law of a State (as defined in section 3 of the Federal Deposit... OCC concludes that an application presents significant and novel policy, supervisory, or legal issues...

  4. Microgravity: A Teacher's Guide With Activities in Science, Mathematics, and Technology

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rogers, Melissa J. B.; Vogt, Gregory L.; Wargo, Michael J.

    1997-01-01

    The purpose of this curriculum supplement guide is to define and explain microgravity and show how microgravity can help us learn about the phenomena of our world. The front section of the guide is designed to provide teachers of science, mathematics, and technology at many levels with a foundation in microgravity science and applications. It begins with background information for the teacher on what microgravity is and how it is created. This is followed with information on the domains of microgravity science research; biotechnology, combustion science, fluid physics, fundamental physics, materials science, and microgravity research geared toward exploration. The background section concludes with a history of microgravity research and the expectations microgravity scientists have for research on the International Space Station. Finally, the guide concludes with a suggested reading list, NASA educational resources including electronic resources, and an evaluation questionnaire.

  5. Simulations of fully deformed oscillating flux tubes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Karampelas, K.; Van Doorsselaere, T.

    2018-02-01

    Context. In recent years, a number of numerical studies have been focusing on the significance of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the dynamics of oscillating coronal loops. This process enhances the transfer of energy into smaller scales, and has been connected with heating of coronal loops, when dissipation mechanisms, such as resistivity, are considered. However, the turbulent layer is expected near the outer regions of the loops. Therefore, the effects of wave heating are expected to be confined to the loop's external layers, leaving their denser inner parts without a heating mechanism. Aim. In the current work we aim to study the spatial evolution of wave heating effects from a footpoint driven standing kink wave in a coronal loop. Methods: Using the MPI-AMRVAC code, we performed ideal, three dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of footpoint driven transverse oscillations of a cold, straight coronal flux tube, embedded in a hotter environment. We have also constructed forward models for our simulation using the FoMo code. Results: The developed transverse wave induced Kelvin-Helmholtz (TWIKH) rolls expand throughout the tube cross-section, and cover it entirely. This turbulence significantly alters the initial density profile, leading to a fully deformed cross section. As a consequence, the resistive and viscous heating rate both increase over the entire loop cross section. The resistive heating rate takes its maximum values near the footpoints, while the viscous heating rate at the apex. Conclusions: We conclude that even a monoperiodic driver can spread wave heating over the whole loop cross section, potentially providing a heating source in the inner loop region. Despite the loop's fully deformed structure, forward modelling still shows the structure appearing as a loop. A movie attached to Fig. 1 is available at http://https://www.aanda.org

  6. Cross sections of proton-induced nuclear reactions on bismuth and lead up to 100 MeV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mokhtari Oranj, L.; Jung, N. S.; Bakhtiari, M.; Lee, A.; Lee, H. S.

    2017-04-01

    Production cross sections of 209Bi(p , x n )207,206,205,204,203Po, 209Bi(p , pxn) 207,206,205,204,203,202Bi, and natPb(p , x n ) 206,205,204,203,202,201Bi reactions were measured to fill the gap in the excitation functions up to 100 MeV as well as to figure out the effects of different nuclear properties on proton-induced reactions including heavy nuclei. The targets were arranged in two different stacks consisting of Bi, Pb, Al, Au foils and Pb plates. The proton beam intensity was determined by the activation analysis method using 27Al(p ,3 p n )24Na, 197Au(p ,p n )196Au, and 197Au(p , p 3 n )194Au monitor reactions in parallel as well as the Gafchromic film dosimetry method. The activities of produced radionuclei in the foils were measured by the HPGe spectroscopy system. Over 40 new cross sections were measured in the investigated energy range. A satisfactory agreement was observed between the present experimental data and the previously published data. Excitation functions of mentioned reactions were calculated by using the theoretical model based on the latest version of the TALYS code and compared to the new data as well as with other data in the literature. Additionally, the effects of various combinations of the nuclear input parameters of different level density models, optical model potentials, and γ-ray strength functions were considered. It was concluded that if certain level density models are used, the calculated cross sections could be comparable to the measured data. Furthermore, the effects of optical model potential and γ-ray strength functions were considerably lower than that of nuclear level densities.

  7. Organic Chemicals: Angels or Goblins?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ferguson, Lloyd N.

    1978-01-01

    Discusses some of the controversial organic chemical substances such as DDT, Red Dye No. 2, DES, Tris, Laetrile, cyclamate, and saccharin. Concludes that the use of some has to be considered on a benefit/risk ratio. (GA)

  8. EPA's Role in the United Nations Economic and Social Council

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) considers the world’s economic, social, and environmental challenges. ECOSOC is composed of subsidiary bodies, including the recently concluded Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD).

  9. [Evaluation of Livestock Carcasses and Performance.] Student Materials. V.A. III. [II-B-1 through II-B-2; II-D-1].

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Vocational Instructional Services.

    Part of a series of eight student learning modules in vocational agriculture, this booklet deals with evaluation of livestock. It contains sections on carcass evaluation, the evaluation of performance and production, and the design of livestock production facilities. Each of the first two sections has a glossary, and all three conclude with a…

  10. Section V: Conclusions

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2001-06-01

    aeromedical issues. The section concludes with a sample review of a candidate medication, in this case losartan potassium, with a possible approach to...as losartan , Allergic rhinitis is a very common condition appear to hold promise for use in aircrew and generally compatible with military aircrew...evaluating the aeromedical suitability of HI antihistamines for this condition in aircrew losartan led our group to designate losartan as a because of

  11. Emigration dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa.

    PubMed

    Adepoju, A

    1995-01-01

    The introduction to this description of emigration dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa notes that the region is characterized by intensive migration caused by such factors as population growth, negative economic growth, ethnic conflict, and human rights abuses. The second section of the report discusses the fragmentary and incomplete nature of data on international migration in the region, especially data on conventional migration. Section 3 looks at demographic factors such as high population growth, illiteracy levels, HIV seroprevalence, and urbanization which lead to high unemployment and emigration. The fourth section considers the effects of the rapid expansion of education which is outstripping the absorptive capacity of the economies of many countries. Unemployment is a serious problem which is projected to become worse as increases in employment opportunities continue to lag behind increases in output. Sections five, six, and seven of the report describe relevant economic factors such as per capita income, income distribution, the economic resource base, and economic development; poverty; and the effects of economic adjustment programs, especially on employment opportunities and wages in the public and private sectors. The next section is devoted to sociocultural factors influencing migration both on the micro- and the macro-levels, including the influence of ethnicity and ethnic conflicts as well as the domination of leadership positions by members of minority groups. The political factors discussed in section 9 include women's status, repressive regimes, political instability which leads to underdevelopment, and the policies of the Organization of African Unity which broadened the definition of refugees and set inviolable borders of member states identical to those inherited upon independence. Section 10 outlines ecological factors contributing to migration, including the decline in acreage of arable land, soil deterioration, poor land management, and the effects of draught. The interaction of all of these factors has contributed to refugee flows of acute magnitude and complexity. The next major section of the report describes the migration situation in each subregion (Western Africa, Nigeria and Ghana, the Sahel, Mail, Eastern Africa, Southern Africa, and Lesotho). The report concludes that migration in response to socioeconomic conditions will continue until conditions improve in the countries of origin.

  12. Systematic review of Kinect applications in elderly care and stroke rehabilitation

    PubMed Central

    2014-01-01

    In this paper we present a review of the most current avenues of research into Kinect-based elderly care and stroke rehabilitation systems to provide an overview of the state of the art, limitations, and issues of concern as well as suggestions for future work in this direction. The central purpose of this review was to collect all relevant study information into one place in order to support and guide current research as well as inform researchers planning to embark on similar studies or applications. The paper is structured into three main sections, each one presenting a review of the literature for a specific topic. Elderly Care section is comprised of two subsections: Fall detection and Fall risk reduction. Stroke Rehabilitation section contains studies grouped under Evaluation of Kinect’s spatial accuracy, and Kinect-based rehabilitation methods. The third section, Serious and exercise games, contains studies that are indirectly related to the first two sections and present a complete system for elderly care or stroke rehabilitation in a Kinect-based game format. Each of the three main sections conclude with a discussion of limitations of Kinect in its respective applications. The paper concludes with overall remarks regarding use of Kinect in elderly care and stroke rehabilitation applications and suggestions for future work. A concise summary with significant findings and subject demographics (when applicable) of each study included in the review is also provided in table format. PMID:24996956

  13. Would you rather take orders from Kirk or Spock? The relation between rational thinking and intelligence.

    PubMed

    Sternberg, R J

    1993-10-01

    This article considers the relation between rationality and intelligence. The article is divided into three main parts: In the first, I consider the concept of rationality and conclude that rational thinking is a part of intelligence, but not a major part. In the second, I consider Stanovich's concept of dysrationalia, and propose that an alternative concept, practical intelligence (or the lack thereof), may better accomplish the goals that Stanovich wishes to achieve with his concept. Finally, I draw some conclusions.

  14. A Survey: The Teaching of Film in English Departments

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Armour, Robert

    1975-01-01

    Discusses a study designed to determine the extent to which film study is considered in the English curricula and concludes that it is presently a respectable sub-division of a majority of college English departments. (MH)

  15. Adventure.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ongena, Jim

    1981-01-01

    Addresses the issue of whether there is reasonable justification to warrant public school sponsorship of adventure programs; considers accident rates, advantages and values, legal implications, and program implementation effects including staffing, facilities, equipment, and scheduling. Concludes that adventure education is a healthy, valuable,…

  16. Elementary Excitations in Quantum Liquids.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pines, David

    1981-01-01

    Discusses elementary excitations and their role in condensed matter physics, focusing on quantum plasma, helium liquids, and superconductors. Considers research primarily conducted in the 1950s and concludes with a brief survey of some closely related further developments. (Author/JN)

  17. IRON-TOLERANT CYANOBACTERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR ASTROBIOLOGY

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Brown, Igor I.; Allen, Carlton C.; Mummey, Daniel L.; Sarkisova, Svetlana A.; McKay, David S.

    2006-01-01

    The review is dedicated to the new group of extremophiles - iron tolerant cyanobacteria. The authors have analyzed earlier published articles about the ecology of iron tolerant cyanobacteria and their diversity. It was concluded that contemporary iron depositing hot springs might be considered as relative analogs of Precambrian environment. The authors have concluded that the diversity of iron-tolerant cyanobacteria is understudied. The authors also analyzed published data about the physiological peculiarities of iron tolerant cyanobacteria. They made the conclusion that iron tolerant cyanobacteria may oxidize reduced iron through the photosystem of cyanobacteria. The involvement of both Reaction Centers 1 and 2 is also discussed. The conclusion that iron tolerant protocyanobacteria could be involved in banded iron formations generation is also proposed. The possible mechanism of the transition from an oxygenic photosynthesis to an oxygenic one is also discussed. In the final part of the review the authors consider the possible implications of iron tolerant cyanobacteria for astrobiology.

  18. Weak cosmic censorship: as strong as ever.

    PubMed

    Hod, Shahar

    2008-03-28

    Spacetime singularities that arise in gravitational collapse are always hidden inside of black holes. This is the essence of the weak cosmic censorship conjecture. The hypothesis, put forward by Penrose 40 years ago, is still one of the most important open questions in general relativity. In this Letter, we reanalyze extreme situations which have been considered as counterexamples to the weak cosmic censorship conjecture. In particular, we consider the absorption of scalar particles with large angular momentum by a black hole. Ignoring back reaction effects may lead one to conclude that the incident wave may overspin the black hole, thereby exposing its inner singularity to distant observers. However, we show that when back reaction effects are properly taken into account, the stability of the black-hole event horizon is irrefutable. We therefore conclude that cosmic censorship is actually respected in this type of gedanken experiments.

  19. Social history of health psychology: context and textbooks.

    PubMed

    Murray, Michael

    2014-01-01

    Health psychology as a field of research and practice formally developed 30 years ago but it was prefigured by sustained debate within social and applied psychology about the nature of psychology and its role in society. This article considers this pre-history of health psychology and how the field has subsequently developed. It considers how its character is shaped by dominant ideas within psychology and is also enmeshed in broader social relations. To illustrate the changing character of health psychology it considers how the field is represented in a selection of popular textbooks. It concludes by considering the growth of some critical approaches within health psychology.

  20. 21 CFR 21.52 - Administrative appeals of refusals to amend records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... disclosed together with, in the discretion of the Food and Drug Administration, a brief statement... concluded within 30 working days of the request for such review under paragraph (a) of this section, unless...

  1. 77 FR 16319 - Amtrak's Petition for Determination of PRIIA Section 209 Cost Methodology

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-20

    ... surrounding its development, the Board concludes that the methodology will: (1) Ensure equal treatment in the....stb.dot.gov . This decision will not significantly affect either the human environment or the...

  2. 16 CFR § 1119.4 - Factors considered in determining civil penalties.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... penalties. § 1119.4 Section § 1119.4 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS CIVIL PENALTY FACTORS § 1119.4 Factors considered in determining civil penalties. (a) Statutory Factors. (1) Section 20(b) of the CPSA, section 5(c)(3) of the FHSA, and section 5...

  3. COMPLEMENT FIXATION IN DISEASED TISSUES

    PubMed Central

    Burkholder, Peter M.

    1961-01-01

    An immunohistologic complement fixation test has been used in an effort to detect immune complexes in sections of kidney from rats injected with rabbit anti-rat kidney serum and in sections of biopsied kidneys from four humans with membranous glomerulonephritis. Sections of the rat and human kidneys were treated with fluorescein-conjugated anti-rabbit globulin or antihuman globulin respectively. Adjacent sections in each case were incubated first with fresh guinea pig serum and then in a second step were treated with fluorescein-conjugated antibodies against fixed guinea pig complement to detect sites of fixation of the complement. It was demonstrated that the sites of rabbit globulin in glomerular capillary walls of the rat kidneys and the sites of localized human globulin in thickened glomerular capillary walls and swollen glomerular endothelial cells of the human kidneys were the same sites in which guinea pig complement was fixed in vitro. It was concluded from these studies that rabbit nephrotoxic antibodies localize in rat glomeruli in complement-fixing antigen-antibody complexes. Furthermore, it was concluded that the deposits of human globulin in the glomeruli of the human kidneys behaved like antibody globulin in complement-fixing antigen-antibody complexes. The significance of demonstrating complement-fixing immune complexes in certain diseased tissues is discussed in regard to determination of the causative role of allergic reactions in disease. PMID:19867205

  4. Dissociative and double photoionization of CO from threshold to 90 A

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Masuoka, T.; Samson, J. A. R.

    1981-01-01

    Partial cross sections for molecular photoionization (CO(+)), dissociative photoionization (C(+) and O(+)), and dissociative double photoionization (C(2+)) in CO have been measured from their thresholds to 90 A using techniques of mass spectrometry. The results are compared with data reported previously. Several peaks observed in the cross section curves for dissociated fragments are tentatively assigned by comparing with those in the photoelectron spectra reported for CO. It is concluded that the shoulder in the total absorption cross section curve between 400 and 90 A results solely from the dissociative ionization processes.

  5. Religion and Multiculturalism in Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Alexander, H. A.

    1995-01-01

    Provides a concise historical overview of theological thinking concerning fundamentalism, absolutism, and relativism. Considers corresponding responses to issues regarding multiculturalism. Concludes that a diversity of viewpoints is necessary for society to learn from its mistakes and progress in a positive fashion. (MJP)

  6. Past to Present: Undergrowth with Two Figures

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    School Arts: The Art Education Magazine for Teachers, 2004

    2004-01-01

    This brief article describes the historical, cultural, and artistic elements of Vincent van Gogh's oil on canvas "Undergrowth with Two Figures" of 1980. The article concludes with questions for students to consider in relation to these aspects of the painting.

  7. Family law as a means of ensuring gender justice for Indian women.

    PubMed

    Parashar, A

    1997-01-01

    This analysis of the use of family law to ensure gender justice for women in India is based on the assumption that law plays an important role in the struggle for gender justice despite problems in accessibility and focuses on how family law can help end the oppression that the compulsion to marry perpetrates on Indian women. It is argued that the colonial construct of the religious nature of personal laws must give way to development of a Uniform Civil Code for India that will seek gender justice. After an introduction, the article uses Australian family law as a model for suggested reforms in Indian family law. The first main section provides the details of Australian family law. The next section explores the suitability of Australian family law as a model for Indian family law through a consideration of the following: 1) whether Australian family law is a flawed model; 2) the difference between Indian society and industrialized societies; 3) economic independence and family law; 4) whether it is possible for family law to reconceptualize marriage as a partnership and whether this concept is desirable for Indian women; 5) whether progressive laws create a disadvantage for most women; 6) whether secular law embodying individualism is suitable for community-oriented Indian society; and 7) whether Indian society should become individualistic. The third section of the article considers the developments in feminist legal theory that raise doubts about the worthiness of legal reform as a feminist strategy and concludes that legal reform is a necessary part of a larger strategy.

  8. LUTE telescope structural design

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ruthven, Gregory

    1993-01-01

    The major objective of the Lunar Ultraviolet Transit Experiment (LUTE) Telescope Structural Design Study was to investigate the feasibility of designing an ultralightweight 1-m aperture system within optical performance requirements and mass budget constraints. This study uses the results from our previous studies on LUTE as a basis for further developing the LUTE structural architecture. After summarizing our results in Section 2, Section 3 begins with the overall logic we used to determine which telescope 'structural form' should be adopted for further analysis and weight estimates. Specific telescope component analysis showing calculated fundamental frequencies and how they compare with our derived requirements are included. 'First-order' component stress analyses to ensure telescope optical and structural component (i.e. mirrors & main bulkhead) weights are realistic are presented. Layouts of both the primary and tertiary mirrors showing dimensions that are consistent with both our weight and frequency calculations also form part of Section 3. Section 4 presents our calculated values for the predicted thermally induced primary-to-secondary mirror despace motion due to the large temperature range over which LUTE must operate. Two different telescope design approaches (one which utilizes fused quartz metering rods and one which assumes the entire telescope is fabricated from beryllium) are considered in this analysis. We bound the secondary mirror focus mechanism range (in despace) based on these two telescope configurations. In Section 5 we show our overall design of the UVTA (Ultraviolet Telescope Assembly) via an 'exploded view' of the sub-system. The 'exploded view' is annotated to help aid in the understanding of each sub-assembly. We also include a two view layout of the UVTA from which telescope and telescope component dimensions can be measured. We conclude our study with a set of recommendations not only with respect to the LUTE structural architecture but also on other topics related to the overall feasibility of the LUTE telescope sub-system.

  9. Multi-project baselines for potential clean development mechanism projects in the electricity sector in South Africa

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Winkler, H.; Spalding-Fecher, R.; Sathaye, J.

    2002-06-26

    The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) aims to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in order to ''prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system'' and promote sustainable development. The Kyoto Protocol, which was adopted in 1997 and appears likely to be ratified by 2002 despite the US withdrawing, aims to provide means to achieve this objective. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of three ''flexibility mechanisms'' in the Protocol, the other two being Joint Implementation (JI) and Emissions Trading (ET). These mechanisms allow flexibility for Annex I Parties (industrialized countries) to achieve reductions by extra-territorialmore » as well as domestic activities. The underlying concept is that trade and transfer of credits will allow emissions reductions at least cost. Since the atmosphere is a global, well-mixed system, it does not matter where greenhouse gas emissions are reduced. The CDM allows Annex I Parties to meet part of their emissions reductions targets by investing in developing countries. CDM projects must also meet the sustainable development objectives of the developing country. Further criteria are that Parties must participate voluntarily, that emissions reductions are ''real, measurable and long-term'', and that they are additional to those that would have occurred anyway. The last requirement makes it essential to define an accurate baseline. The remaining parts of section 1 outline the theory of baselines, emphasizing the balance needed between environmental integrity and reducing transaction costs. Section 2 develops an approach to multi-project baseline for the South African electricity sector, comparing primarily to near future capacity, but also considering recent plants. Five potential CDM projects are briefly characterized in section 3, and compared to the baseline in section 4. Section 5 concludes with a discussion of options and choices for South Africa regarding electricity sector baselines.« less

  10. Searching for the corner seismic moment in worldwide data

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Felgueiras, Miguel; Santos, Rui; Martins, João Paulo

    2015-12-31

    In this paper the existence of the corner frequency value for the seismic moment distribution is investigated, analysing worldwide data. Pareto based distributions, usually considered as the most suitable to this type of data, are fitted to the most recent data, available in a global earthquake catalog. Despite the undeniable finite nature of the seismic moment data, we conclude that no corner frequency can be established considering the available data set.

  11. Role of Cochrane reviews in pediatric neurology.

    PubMed

    Girisch, Wolfgang; Willhelm, Christiane; Gottschling, Sven; Gortner, Ludwig; Meyer, Sascha

    2012-02-01

    Evidence-based medicine in pediatric neurology is considered an important contributor to the best quality of care. We performed a literature review of all Cochrane reviews from 1996-2010 in pediatric neurology. Some reviews concluded that a certain intervention provided benefits, some concluded that certain interventions should not be performed, and some concluded that the current level of evidence was inconclusive. One hundred and twelve reviews were enrolled; only 17 exclusively involved children. In 33/112, a clear recommendation in favor of a certain intervention was given, 11/112 issued a conditionally positive recommendation, and 32/112 concluded that certain interventions should not be performed. Six concluded that no differences were evident between different therapeutic/treatment options. Thirty were inconclusive. The proportion of inconclusive reviews increased during three a priori defined time intervals. Common criticisms regarding quality of enrolled studies included heterogeneous study populations (49/112), a small number of participants (48/112), and a lack of comparability of studies (40/112). An ongoing need exists for high-quality research to reduce the proportion of inconclusive meta-analyses. Further randomized, controlled trials should involve only pediatric populations. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. The Arnon-Buchanan cycle: a retrospective, 1966-2016.

    PubMed

    Buchanan, Bob B; Sirevåg, Reidun; Fuchs, Georg; Ivanovsky, Ruslan N; Igarashi, Yasuo; Ishii, Masaharu; Tabita, F Robert; Berg, Ivan A

    2017-11-01

    For the first decade following its description in 1954, the Calvin-Benson cycle was considered the sole pathway of autotrophic CO 2 assimilation. In the early 1960s, experiments with fermentative bacteria uncovered reactions that challenged this concept. Ferredoxin was found to donate electrons directly for the reductive fixation of CO 2 into alpha-keto acids via reactions considered irreversible. Thus, pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate could be synthesized from CO 2 , reduced ferredoxin and acetyl-CoA or succinyl-CoA, respectively. This work opened the door to the discovery that reduced ferredoxin could drive the Krebs citric acid cycle in reverse, converting the pathway from its historical role in carbohydrate breakdown to one fixing CO 2 . Originally uncovered in photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria, the Arnon-Buchanan cycle has since been divorced from light and shown to function in a variety of anaerobic chemoautotrophs. In this retrospective, colleagues who worked on the cycle at its inception in 1966 and those presently working in the field trace its development from a controversial reception to its present-day inclusion in textbooks. This pathway is now well established in major groups of chemoautotrophic bacteria, instead of the Calvin-Benson cycle, and is increasingly referred to as the Arnon-Buchanan cycle. In this retrospective, separate sections have been written by the authors indicated. Bob Buchanan wrote the abstract and the concluding comments.

  13. Road safety forecasts in five European countries using structural time series models.

    PubMed

    Antoniou, Constantinos; Papadimitriou, Eleonora; Yannis, George

    2014-01-01

    Modeling road safety development is a complex task and needs to consider both the quantifiable impact of specific parameters as well as the underlying trends that cannot always be measured or observed. The objective of this research is to apply structural time series models for obtaining reliable medium- to long-term forecasts of road traffic fatality risk using data from 5 countries with different characteristics from all over Europe (Cyprus, Greece, Hungary, Norway, and Switzerland). Two structural time series models are considered: (1) the local linear trend model and the (2) latent risk time series model. Furthermore, a structured decision tree for the selection of the applicable model for each situation (developed within the Road Safety Data, Collection, Transfer and Analysis [DaCoTA] research project, cofunded by the European Commission) is outlined. First, the fatality and exposure data that are used for the development of the models are presented and explored. Then, the modeling process is presented, including the model selection process, introduction of intervention variables, and development of mobility scenarios. The forecasts using the developed models appear to be realistic and within acceptable confidence intervals. The proposed methodology is proved to be very efficient for handling different cases of data availability and quality, providing an appropriate alternative from the family of structural time series models in each country. A concluding section providing perspectives and directions for future research is presented.

  14. The Convergence of Environmental Disruption

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Goldman, Marshall I.

    1970-01-01

    Considers reasons for water, air, and land pollution in the Soviet Union, incentives to pollute under socialism and the advantages socialism has for environmental management. Concludes that industrialization, not private enterprise, causes environmental disruption, and that strongly centralized planned economics do not necessarily avoid…

  15. High purity tungsten targets

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1975-01-01

    High purity tungsten, which is used for targets in X-ray tubes was considered for space processing. The demand for X-ray tubes was calculated using the growth rates for dental and medical X-ray machines. It is concluded that the cost benefits are uncertain.

  16. The U.S. Media: Supermarket or Assembly Line?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bagdikian, Ben H.

    1985-01-01

    Considers whether the media as a whole provide a rich marketplace of ideas. Concludes that the range of ideas and information is relatively narrow due to the nature of ownership and media economics, resulting in a homogenization of content. (PD)

  17. Getting Cable TV Off to a Good Start.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ingold, Charles H.

    1988-01-01

    Reviews the cable television production course at the University of Northern Colorado. Considers technical needs and scheduling for the course, and discusses problems associated with student newscasts. Concludes that the production course provided valuable experience for broadcast journalism students. (MM)

  18. "Calling a state a state": feminist politics and the policing of violence against women in Brazil.

    PubMed

    Hautzinger, S

    1997-01-01

    This document reports on a 1990 case study of one of Brazil's 80 police stations established for the protection of women in response to feminist pressure to address excessively high levels of violence against women. These police stations, staffed by women to respond exclusively to complaints lodged by women, are an unusual institutional response to such violence. The study examines the station established in Salvador in 1986 to reveal which interests were served by the creation of the specialized stations. The first section of the article addresses the fact that Salvador's policewomen have gained little from the creation of the specialized stations and continue to suffer job-related sexual discrimination. Next, conceptions of gender identity among policewomen are analyzed, and the ideologies of "femininity" and "feminism" in the Brazilian context are discussed. The final section compares views on the abuse of women with views on police brutality and relays incidences when the policewomen beat male prisoners. It is argued that certain forms of violence are actually considered necessary to maintain social order and enact justice. It is concluded that all of the involved parties, the state, the feminists, the female citizenry, and Salvador's female police, benefit in part from the existence of the specialized police stations but that there are serious problems also, especially the fact that the policewomen involved are given little or no special training and no career incentives.

  19. Choosing Public Health Dentistry as a Career: A Cross-Sectional Study

    PubMed Central

    Naidu, Guntipalli M.; Prasad, Ghanasyam M.; Kandregula, Chaitanya Ram; Babburi, Suresh; KVNR, Pratap

    2014-01-01

    Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the attitude of dental students towards considering Public Health Dentistry as their future career. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire based, cross-sectional survey was conducted, which included dental students from different years of study. It consisted of 27 questions that were graded on five point Likert scale. Results: A total of 293 of the 320 registered undergraduate students participated in the study, with an overall response rate of 91.5%. Among the sample, 80 (27%) were males and 213 (73%) were females. Among the total sample which was studied, it was observed that only one third (35.4%) of them had high attitude towards selecting Public Health Dentistry as a future career, and nearly two thirds of them (58.02%) had an average attitude, with very few students having low attitude (6.48%). Conclusion: The present study concluded that there was an average attitude of 58% among dental students, which showed that they had a considerable amount of interest in pursuing post graduation in this speciality. Efforts should be intensified, both by dental council and by the dental colleges, to develop this speciality, keeping in mind the increasing attitude of dental undergraduates towards it. This also helps in increasing the number of dental personnel who are specialized in implementation of oral health policy, which does not exist in India. PMID:24701534

  20. Why have the majority of recent polio cases occurred in countries affected by Islamist militancy? A historical comparative analysis of the political determinants of polio in Nigeria, Somalia, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Syria.

    PubMed

    Kennedy, Jonathan

    2016-01-01

    This article aims to understand why the last few areas where polio remains are affected by armed conflicts involving militant organizations that use Islam to legitimize their activities. The first section critically analyses the argument that Muslims' animosity towards polio vaccination programmes is a consequence of their irrational, backward, anti-Western theology. This argument is depoliticizing, ahistorical and orientalist. Moreover, it does not explain why Islamist militant groups' attitudes to polio vaccination campaigns vary between countries. The second section analyses official documents, newspaper articles, interviews and historical and ethnographic accounts to understand the relationship between Islamist militant groups and polio in five countries - Nigeria, Somalia, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Syria - that account for 95% of the world's polio cases since 2012. I demonstrate that specific political grievances related to the postcolonial state and/or foreign military intervention help to explain variations in militant groups' attitudes to polio vaccination programmes. The paper concludes by considering the policy implications of the analysis. Improved access for polio vaccinators is not predicated on military victory against the militants but securing support of de facto political leaders. This can be achieved by developing a better understanding of the specific sociopolitical contexts in which immunization programmes operate.

  1. [Study of the structure of receptor organs of the vestibular apparatus of rats after space flight on "Kosmos-1667"].

    PubMed

    Lychakov, D V; Pashchinin, A N; Boiadzhieva-Mikhaĭlova, A; Khristov, I

    1989-01-01

    The receptor organs of the vestibular apparatus of rats flown for 7 days on Cosmos-1667 were examined. Serial sections were examined by light microscopy, some utriculus sections by electron microscopy, and otolith membranes by scanning electron microscopy. The fixation method used revealed a distinct structural heterogeneity of the receptor epithelium. In the striola area of the utriculus and sacculus as well as in the central apical area of cristae there are receptor cells surrounded by enlarged cup-like nerve endings. The nerve endings occupy over 70% of the cup-receptor cell complex. The area incorporating the enlarged nerve endings differs in size from animal to animal and from left to right ear in the same animal. The flown rat that was the first to be killed after recovery showed a very well pronounced asymmetry: in the right ear enlarged cups were seen all over the epithelium while in the left ear they were located in distinct spots. Since such changes were not identified in the remaining flown and control rats, it is concluded that they were produced by space flight effects but remained reversible and disappeared after recovery. This paper describes the causes responsible of the changes and their structural and functional relevances as well as other structural modifications that should be considered during vestibular studies.

  2. Advanced information processing system: Input/output system services

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Masotto, Tom; Alger, Linda

    1989-01-01

    The functional requirements and detailed specifications for the Input/Output (I/O) Systems Services of the Advanced Information Processing System (AIPS) are discussed. The introductory section is provided to outline the overall architecture and functional requirements of the AIPS system. Section 1.1 gives a brief overview of the AIPS architecture as well as a detailed description of the AIPS fault tolerant network architecture, while section 1.2 provides an introduction to the AIPS systems software. Sections 2 and 3 describe the functional requirements and design and detailed specifications of the I/O User Interface and Communications Management modules of the I/O System Services, respectively. Section 4 illustrates the use of the I/O System Services, while Section 5 concludes with a summary of results and suggestions for future work in this area.

  3. Software Tool Issues

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hennell, Michael

    This chapter relies on experience with tool development gained over the last thirty years. It shows that there are a large number of techniques that contribute to any successful project, and that formality is always the key: a modern software test tool is based on a firm mathematical foundation. After a brief introduction, Section 2 recalls and extends the terminology of Chapter 1. Section 3 discusses the the design of different sorts of static and dynamic analysis tools. Nine important issues to be taken into consideration when evaluating such tools are presented in Section 4. Section 5 investigates the interplay between testing and proof. In Section 6, we call for developers to take their own medicine and verify their tools. Finally, we conclude in Section 7 with a summary of our main messages, emphasising the important role of testing.

  4. Dynamical properties and acceleration of hierarchical dust in the vicinity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Skorov, Yu; Reshetnyk, V.; Rezac, L.; Zhao, Y.; Marschall, R.; Blum, J.; Hartogh, P.

    2018-07-01

    A significant fraction of cometary dust grains leaving the nucleus surface are extremely porous and fluffy particles as revealed by recent observation from the Rosetta mission. In this paper our aim is to investigate the dynamics of such grains when subjected to a gas flow, representing the cometary outgassing. We perform numerical experiments to quantify how the internal porous texture is reflected in quantities such as effective cross-section, gas drag coefficient, and light scattering efficiency. We also derive particle speeds for the different types of aggregates as a function of radial distance and compare them to the observations by the GIADA instrument. Using our original method for constructing hierarchical aggregates we increase the level of aggregation to reach particle sizes up to few millimeters, consistent with the observations. In addition, a non-constant gas velocity is now considered in the framework of free molecular as well as fully collisional flow models, and radiation pressure calculations use the effective medium theory appropriate for such particles. These improvements lead us to conclude that dynamical models should account for accelerating gas flow, which leads to a smaller terminal speed of fluffy dust grains. Secondly, solar radiation pressure calculated based on the Mie theory approximation can lead to orders of magnitude error for the very porous particles, instead the effective medium theory should be used. Finally, although numerical simulations can reproduce the GIADA measurements of dust speeds, we cannot conclude that there exists a preferred model of porous particles build as a ballistic cluster aggregate.

  5. Dynamical properties and acceleration of hierarchical dust in the vicinity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Skorov, Yu; Reshetnyk, V.; Rezac, L.; Zhao, Y.; Marschall, R.; Blum, J.; Hartogh, P.

    2018-04-01

    A significant fraction of cometary dust grains leaving the nucleus surface are extremely porous and fluffy particles as recent observation from the Rosetta mission revealed. In this paper our aim is to investigate the dynamics of such grains when subjected to a gas flow, representing the cometary outgassing. We perform numerical experiments to quantify how the internal porous texture is reflected in quantities such as: effective cross-section, gas drag coefficient, and light scattering efficiency. We also derive particle speeds for the different types of aggregates as a function of radial distance and compare them to the observations by the GIADA instrument. Using our original method for constructing hierarchical aggregates we increase the level of aggregation to reach particle sizes up to few millimeters, consistent with the observations. In addition, a non-constant gas velocity is now considered in the framework of free molecular as well as fully collisional flow models, and radiation pressure calculations use the effective medium theory appropriate for such particles. These improvements lead us to conclude that dynamical models should account for accelerating gas flow, which leads to a smaller terminal speed of fluffy dust grains. Second, solar radiation pressure calculated based on the Mie theory approximation can lead to orders of magnitude error for the very porous particles, instead the effective medium theory should be used. Finally, although numerical simulations can reproduce the GIADA measurements of dust speeds, we cannot conclude that there exists a preferred model of porous particles build as a ballistic cluster aggregate.

  6. Age related optic nerve axonal loss in adult Brown Norway rats.

    PubMed

    Cepurna, William O; Kayton, Robert J; Johnson, Elaine C; Morrison, John C

    2005-06-01

    The effect of age on the number and morphology of optic nerve axons in adult Brown Norway rats (5-31 months old) (n=29) was examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By manually counting every axon in areas representing 60% of the optic nerve cross-section, we found a significant negative correlation between age and axon count (R(2)=0.18, P<0.05). However, when the oldest animals were omitted, the relationship was no longer statistically significant. Simultaneously, the proportion of spontaneously degenerating axons increased at an exponential rate (R(2)=0.79, P<0.05), with significantly more degeneration in the 31-month group than in 5-month-old animals (ANOVA, P<0.05). This study demonstrates, using quantitative TEM methods, that optic nerve axonal numbers are relatively constant throughout the majority of the adult life of the Brown Norway rat, an increasingly popular strain for glaucoma research. Total axonal loss with aging is substantially less than that reported for other strains. The reduction in axonal numbers and the rate of axonal degeneration do not appear significantly altered until the last few months of life, failing to support some studies that have concluded that optic nerve axon loss in adult rats is linear. However, they do agree with other studies in the rat, and a similar study performed in non-human primate eyes, that concluded that aging changes in the optic nerve and retina follow a complex pattern. Therefore, the impact of animal age must be considered when modeling the course and pathophysiology of experimental glaucomatous optic nerve damage in rats.

  7. Comparisons between bone and cementum compositions and the possible basis for their layered appearances.

    PubMed

    Cool, S M; Forwood, M R; Campbell, P; Bennett, M B

    2002-02-01

    In humans, age estimation from the adult skeleton represents an attempt to determine chronological age based on growth and maturational events. In teeth, such events can be characterized by appositional growth layers in midroot cementum. The purpose of this study was to determine the underlying cause of the layered microstructure of human midroot cementum. Whether cementum growth layers are caused by changes in relative mineralization, collagen packing and/or orientation, or by variations in organic matrix apposition was investigated by subjecting midroot sections of human canine teeth to analysis using polarized light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Polarized light was used to examine transverse midroot sections in both mineralized and demineralized states. Mineralized sections were also reexamined following subsequent decollagenization. Polarized light was additionally used in the examination of mineralized sections taken transversely, longitudinally, and obliquely from the same tooth root. From the birefringence patterns it was concluded that collagen orientation does not change with varying section plane. Instead, the mineral phase was most responsible for the birefringence of the cementum. SEM studies suggested that neither collagen packing nor collagen orientation change across the width of the cementum, confirming and validating the results of the polarized light examination. Also, SEM analysis using electron backscatter and the electron probe suggested no changes in the mean atomic number density, calcium, phosphate, and sulfur levels across the width of the cementum. Therefore, we conclude that crystalline orientation and/or size is responsible for the layered appearance of cementum.

  8. Packaging for Food Service

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stilwell, E. J.

    1985-01-01

    Most of the key areas of concern in packaging the three principle food forms for the space station were covered. It can be generally concluded that there are no significant voids in packaging materials availability or in current packaging technology. However, it must also be concluded that the process by which packaging decisions are made for the space station feeding program will be very synergistic. Packaging selection will depend heavily on the preparation mechanics, the preferred presentation and the achievable disposal systems. It will be important that packaging be considered as an integral part of each decision as these systems are developed.

  9. Working with Volunteers.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rowland, Virginia; And Others

    1990-01-01

    This special section features research concluding that volunteers find the time because they believe they have more time to help (Rowland); an extension program using volunteer master teachers (Feather); use of volunteer marketing professionals (Fromer); retaining volunteers through leadership training (Balliette, Smith); "problem" volunteers and…

  10. 29 CFR 552.99 - Basis for coverage of domestic service employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... coverage of domestic service employees. Congress in section 2(a) of the Act specifically found that the... v. McClung, 379 U.S. 294 (1964)),” and concluded “that coverage of domestic employees is a vital...

  11. 29 CFR 552.99 - Basis for coverage of domestic service employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... coverage of domestic service employees. Congress in section 2(a) of the Act specifically found that the... v. McClung, 379 U.S. 294 (1964)),” and concluded “that coverage of domestic employees is a vital...

  12. 29 CFR 552.99 - Basis for coverage of domestic service employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... coverage of domestic service employees. Congress in section 2(a) of the Act specifically found that the... v. McClung, 379 U.S. 294 (1964)),” and concluded “that coverage of domestic employees is a vital...

  13. 29 CFR 552.99 - Basis for coverage of domestic service employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... coverage of domestic service employees. Congress in section 2(a) of the Act specifically found that the... v. McClung, 379 U.S. 294 (1964)),” and concluded “that coverage of domestic employees is a vital...

  14. 29 CFR 552.99 - Basis for coverage of domestic service employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... coverage of domestic service employees. Congress in section 2(a) of the Act specifically found that the... v. McClung, 379 U.S. 294 (1964)),” and concluded “that coverage of domestic employees is a vital...

  15. Maintaining Atmospheric Mass and Water Balance Within Reanalysis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Takacs, Lawrence L.; Suarez, Max; Todling, Ricardo

    2015-01-01

    This report describes the modifications implemented into the Goddard Earth Observing System Version-5 (GEOS-5) Atmospheric Data Assimilation System (ADAS) to maintain global conservation of dry atmospheric mass as well as to preserve the model balance of globally integrated precipitation and surface evaporation during reanalysis. Section 1 begins with a review of these global quantities from four current reanalysis efforts. Section 2 introduces the modifications necessary to preserve these constraints within the atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis procedure, and the Incremental Analysis Update (IAU) algorithm. Section 3 presents experiments quantifying the impact of the new procedure. Section 4 shows preliminary results from its use within the GMAO MERRA-2 Reanalysis project. Section 5 concludes with a summary.

  16. Benefits, safety, and prescription of exercise in persons with multiple sclerosis.

    PubMed

    Motl, Robert W

    2014-12-01

    Exercise represents a behavioral approach for the restoration of function and management of symptoms among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The current paper provides a review on the topic of exercise in MS and is separated into four sections. The first section defines exercise and related constructs. The second section summarizes evidence for the benefits of exercise in MS based on literature reviews and meta-analyses. The third section focuses on the safety of exercise in MS based on the reporting of relapses and other adverse events, and the last section describes guidelines for exercise. The paper concludes with a discussion of major limitations with the existing body of research and highlights some of the pressing areas for future research on exercise in MS.

  17. Nuclear stopping in central Xe+Sn collisions: Confrontation with experimental data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rajni, Vermani, Yogesh K.

    2018-05-01

    The influence of symmetry energy and cross section on nuclear stopping is studied in central 54129Xe+50 120Sn Sn collisions at Fermi energies (Elab≈ 20-100 MeV/nucleon). The analysis is conducted using isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) transport model. Model calculations are done using reduced isospin dependent nucleon-nucleon cross section (σiso) and isospin independent cross section (σnoiso). Calculations using the two versions of cross section are analyzed with and without symmetry energy (Esym). The results are then compared with the experimental data taken with 4π multidetector INDRA. From this comparison, we conclude that nuclear stopping and related production of light charged particles (LCPs) are strongly influenced by isospin dependence of nucleon-nucleon cross section.

  18. Healthy Cities and the Transition movement: converging towards ecological well-being?

    PubMed

    Patrick, Rebecca; Dooris, Mark; Poland, Blake

    2016-03-01

    This commentary identifies similarities, differences and opportunities for synergy and mutual learning between the Healthy Cities and the Transition movements. We outline what we consider to be the 'pressing issues' facing humanity and the planet in the early 21(st) century; consider the extent to which health promotion has engaged with and addressed these issues; compare Healthy Cities and the Transition movement; and conclude by suggesting possibilities for moving forward. © The Author(s) 2015.

  19. Cultivating Classroom Spaces as Homes for Learning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Flynn, Laura; Colby, Sherri R.

    2017-01-01

    Our action research ethnography explores sixth grade students' perceptions of their classroom space as conducive or distracting to their learning experiences. Issues of physical environment, students' self-governance, and disciplinary management are explored. We conclude by offering recommendations for other educators to consider.

  20. The Social Facting of Education: Durkheim's Legacy.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Varenne, Herve

    1995-01-01

    Attempts a reevaluation of Emile Durkheim's contributions to the sociology of education. Considers Durkheim's influence on the pedagogical theories of John Dewey and vice-versa. Concludes with an examination of Durkheim's theories as they relate to the conflict between resistance and socialization. (MJP)

  1. DIRECT SIMULATION OF A-C MACHINERY.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    show the application of the simulation to both induction and synchronous machines. The fundamental space harmonic only, the fundamental and third ... space harmonic only, or all the space harmonics are considered. The report concludes that: (1) Successful direct simulation of the 2-phase induction

  2. Hannah Arendt and the Banality of Evil.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Whitfield, Stephen J.

    1981-01-01

    Considers Arendt's argument that Eichmann was an example of how Nazi totalitarianism changed modern concepts of evil. Concludes that an amoral bureaucracy, whose goals transcended personal judgment, involvement, or responsibility, is part of the social environment which still constitutes a threat today. (AM)

  3. Geography as Human Ecology: A Decade of Progress in a Quarter Century

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Porter, Philip W.

    1978-01-01

    Traces advances in human ecology from 1954-1978, considers research methodology used by geographers to study human ecology, and summarizes major research findings. Concludes that geographers should develop models to explain mutual relations of people and environment. (Author/DB)

  4. 26 CFR 48.4161(b)-3 - Use considered sale.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Use considered sale. 48.4161(b)-3 Section 48... sale. For provisions relating to the tax on use of taxable articles by the manufacturer, producer, or importer thereof, see section 4218 relating to use by a manufacturer considered a sale, and the regulations...

  5. 26 CFR 48.4161(a)-4 - Use considered sale.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Use considered sale. 48.4161(a)-4 Section 48... sale. For provisions relating to the tax on use of taxable articles by the manufacturer, producer, or importer thereof, see section 4218 relating to use by a manufacturer being considered a sale, and the...

  6. 50 CFR 530.2 - Ensuring that environmental documents are actually considered in agency decision-making.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... actually considered in agency decision-making. 530.2 Section 530.2 Wildlife and Fisheries MARINE MAMMAL... documents are actually considered in agency decision-making. Section 1505.1 of the NEPA regulations contains requirements to ensure adequate consideration of environmental documents in agency decision-making. To...

  7. Potential insurance products for Brownfields Cleanup and redevelopment. Survey results of insurance industry products available for transference of risk at potentially contaminated property

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    The following report discusses the findings of this survey in greater depth. Section I provides an overview of the potential risks encountered by owners of potentially contaminated property and discusses common ways key players control these risks, including the use of insurance. Section II describes how the insurance industry works and provides an overview of the main environmental insurance products, a discussion of the survey findings, and market factors that influence environmental insurance policies. Section III offers concluding remarks and recommendations.

  8. The successes and limitations of international law and the International Court of Justice.

    PubMed

    Suter, Keith

    2004-01-01

    The first two sections of this article deal with the irony that international law has severe limitations, yet it also has a good record for compliance. The third section introduces the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and the fourth section deals specifically with the limitations of the ICJ. The article concludes with some ideas for action. Its main point is that international law is often a neglected topic, even by non-governmental organisations (NGOs). International law needs to be brought in from the cold, and there should be more support from the NGO community for the ICJ.

  9. 16 CFR 1025.41 - General rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General rules. 1025.41 Section 1025.41 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE FOR ADJUDICATIVE... to the convenience of the parties, shall continue without suspension until concluded, except in...

  10. 22 CFR 181.6 - Documentation and certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Documentation and certification. 181.6 Section 181.6 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS COORDINATION, REPORTING AND PUBLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS § 181.6 Documentation and certification. (a) Transmittals of concluded...

  11. 48 CFR 552.238-75 - Price Reductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Price Reductions. 552.238-75 Section 552.238-75 Federal Acquisition Regulations System GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES... conclude, the Contractor— (i) Revises the commercial catalog, pricelist, schedule or other document upon...

  12. 48 CFR 552.238-75 - Price Reductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Price Reductions. 552.238-75 Section 552.238-75 Federal Acquisition Regulations System GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES... conclude, the Contractor— (i) Revises the commercial catalog, pricelist, schedule or other document upon...

  13. 48 CFR 552.238-75 - Price Reductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Price Reductions. 552.238-75 Section 552.238-75 Federal Acquisition Regulations System GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES... conclude, the Contractor— (i) Revises the commercial catalog, pricelist, schedule or other document upon...

  14. 48 CFR 552.238-75 - Price Reductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Price Reductions. 552.238-75 Section 552.238-75 Federal Acquisition Regulations System GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES... conclude, the Contractor— (i) Revises the commercial catalog, pricelist, schedule or other document upon...

  15. School Planning and Management Buyer's Guide 2000.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    School Planning and Management, 1999

    1999-01-01

    Presents product information and a suppliers' directory for school purchasing managers for the year 2000, including a detailed product showcase and case histories and a section on descriptions of free brochures, pamphlets, and guides from key suppliers. An advertiser index concludes the issue. (GR)

  16. A Default Temporal Logic for Regulatory Conformance Checking

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-04-01

    proofs. In Section 4.3, we provide an axiomatization using Fitting’s sequent calculus [25]. Completeness is proved in Section 4.4. We conclude, in...axiomatize RefL. 4.3 Sequent Calculus We use Fitting’s sequent calculus [25]. A sequent is a statement of the form Γ → ∆, where Γ and ∆ are finite sets of...T.D., Vail, M.W., Anton , A.I.: Towards regulatory compliance: Extracting rights and obligations to align requirements with regulations. In

  17. Socio-metrics: Identifying Invisible Deviant Adversaries

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-12-07

    ELEMENT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Form Approved OMB NO. 0704-0188 3 . DATES COVERED (From - To) - UU UU UU UU 07-12-2015 1-Oct-2013 30...collaborate each other in conducting cyber-attacks at an unprecedented scale [ 3 ]. Monitoring OSNs and Internet forums is thus imperative to understand and...Socia/SEAL and in Section 3 , we present the results of using Socia/SEAL on data collected from real-world OSNs. Section 4 concludes this report

  18. Creating Alliances Against Exclusivity: A Pathway to Inclusive Educational Reform

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Valle, Jan; Connor, David J.; Broderick, Alicia A.; Bejoian, Lynne M.; Baglieri, Susan

    2011-01-01

    Background/Context: Having brought together scholars to consider inclusive education within both their own and others' disciplines, research perspectives, and agendas, the content of this concluding article reflects on what these contributions say--individually and collectively--about inclusive education. Furthermore, the authors critically…

  19. Reducing Life-Cycle Costs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Roodvoets, David L.

    2003-01-01

    Presents factors to consider when determining roofing life-cycle costs, explaining that costs do not tell the whole story; discussing components that should go into the decision (cost, maintenance, energy use, and environmental costs); and concluding that important elements in reducing life-cycle costs include energy savings through increased…

  20. LANDSAT D data transmission and dissemination study

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1976-01-01

    An assessment of the quantity of data processed by the system is discussed investigating the various methods for transmission within the system. Various methods of data storage are considered. It is concluded that the entire processing system should be located in White Sands, New Mexico.

  1. Continuity and Variation in Chinese Patterns of Socialization.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ho, David Y. F.

    1989-01-01

    Reviews literature on Chinese patterns of socialization. Discusses methodological issues with respect to continuity versus change through time, and variation across geographical locations, systematically considering variables of gender, age, and social class. Concludes that departures from traditional pattern in different locations are evident,…

  2. Intranets: Just Another Bandwagon?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lynch, Gary

    1997-01-01

    Discusses intranets--the deployment and use of Internet technologies such as the World Wide Web, electronic mail, and Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) on a closed network. Considers the "hype," benefits, standards, implementation, and problems of intranets, and concludes that while intranets can be beneficial,…

  3. Doing Math Together to Build Community

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rawding, Molly Rothermel; Call, Susan

    2016-01-01

    Last year, Annandale Terrace Elementary School (Annandale, Virginia) began exploring professional learning communities (PLC). In this article, two of Annandale's math coaches share the school's journey. On the basis of their own reflections, the coaches conclude with some recommendations for those considering embarking on a similar journey…

  4. Performance Matters

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Miller-Day, Michelle

    2008-01-01

    After being told in an end-of-year job review that performances are not considered valuable research outcomes, the author argues in this essay that performance matters. This essay makes a case for recognizing performance ethnographies as research, pedagogy, and active service and concludes with guidelines for performance ethnographers who are…

  5. Gender, Technology, and the History of Technical Communication.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Durack, Katherine T.

    1997-01-01

    Considers why women have been absent from the history of technical communication. Discusses research from the history of technology suggesting that notions of "technology,""work," and "workplace" may be gendered terms. Concludes with several suggestions for defining technical communication so that significant works of…

  6. This Little Planet.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hamilton, Michael, Ed.

    In six essays considering overpopulation, pollution, and food supply from the framework of the Judeo-Christian tradition and of world ecology, three theologians (Pollard, Shinn, and Bonifazi), an ecologist (Sears), a geographer (Glacken), and a medical scientist and administrator (Bennett), conclude that the control and preservation of the natural…

  7. Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Healthcare Expenditures Related to Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults: SABE Study.

    PubMed

    Bueno, Denise Rodrigues; Marucci, Maria de Fátima Nunes; Rosa, Clara Suemi da Costa; Fernandes, Rômulo Araújo; de Oliveira Duarte, Yeda Aparecida; Lebão, Maria Lucia

    2017-10-01

    Research using questionnaires has shown that physical activity level (PAL) is associated with healthcare costs. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between objectively measured PAL and healthcare costs among hypertensive and diabetic noninstitutionalized Brazilian older people. The method consisted of a cross-sectional study forming part of the SABE Study, composed of 377 older people interviewed in 2010. Expenditures were estimated taking into account self-reported medicine prescription, outpatient service, and hospitalizations, with the highest quartile of expenditures considered as a risk category. PAL was estimated using an Actigraph accelerometer. Associations were expressed as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for covariates. Overall expenditures were higher in the sedentary group. The insufficiently active group presented greater odds for higher total, outpatient, and hospitalization expenditure. It was concluded that healthcare expenditures were lower in more active hypertensive and diabetic older people. The promotion of physical activity could be relevant in the attenuation of the burden of chronic diseases in economic losses.

  8. Dynamical analysis of bounded and unbounded orbits in a generalized Hénon-Heiles system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dubeibe, F. L.; Riaño-Doncel, A.; Zotos, Euaggelos E.

    2018-04-01

    The Hénon-Heiles potential was first proposed as a simplified version of the gravitational potential experimented by a star in the presence of a galactic center. Currently, this system is considered a paradigm in dynamical systems because despite its simplicity exhibits a very complex dynamical behavior. In the present paper, we perform a series expansion up to the fifth-order of a potential with axial and reflection symmetries, which after some transformations, leads to a generalized Hénon-Heiles potential. Such new system is analyzed qualitatively in both regimes of bounded and unbounded motion via the Poincaré sections method and plotting the exit basins. On the other hand, the quantitative analysis is performed through the Lyapunov exponents and the basin entropy, respectively. We find that in both regimes the chaoticity of the system decreases as long as the test particle energy gets far from the critical energy. Additionally, we may conclude that despite the inclusion of higher order terms in the series expansion, the new system shows wider zones of regularity (islands) than the ones present in the Hénon-Heiles system.

  9. Quality measures and pediatric radiology: suggestions for the transition to value-based payment.

    PubMed

    Heller, Richard E; Coley, Brian D; Simoneaux, Stephen F; Podberesky, Daniel J; Hernanz-Schulman, Marta; Robertson, Richard L; Donnelly, Lane F

    2017-06-01

    Recent political and economic factors have contributed to a meaningful change in the way that quality in health care, and by extension value, are viewed. While quality is often evaluated on the basis of subjective criteria, pay-for-performance programs that link reimbursement to various measures of quality require use of objective and quantifiable measures. This evolution to value-based payment was accelerated by the 2015 passage of the Medicare Access and CHIP (Children's Health Insurance Program) Reauthorization Act (MACRA). While many of the drivers of these changes are rooted in federal policy and programs such as Medicare and aimed at adult patients, the practice of pediatrics and pediatric radiology will be increasingly impacted. This article addresses issues related to the use of quantitative measures to evaluate the quality of services provided by the pediatric radiology department or sub-specialty section, particularly as seen from the viewpoint of a payer that may be considering ways to link payment to performance. The paper concludes by suggesting a metric categorization strategy to frame future work on the subject.

  10. Adolescent suicide prevention.

    PubMed

    Novick, Lloyd F; Cibula, Donald A; Sutphen, Sally M

    2003-05-01

    This case-prevention of adolescent suicide-is one of a series of teaching cases in the Case-Based Series in Population-Oriented Prevention (C-POP). It has been developed for use in medical school and residency prevention curricula. The complete set of cases is presented in this supplement to the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. This teaching case examines the issue of prevention of adolescent and young adult suicide both at an individual and at a population or community level, using data from the Onondaga County Health Department. In the first section of the case, students are asked to determine whether five deaths related to falling or jumping at a local shopping mall should be considered to be suicidal deaths. Students then develop skills in the reporting as well as in the epidemiology of adolescent suicidal deaths in Onondaga County. As the case progresses, students analyze the results of a local surveillance study of suicidal attempts and ideation. The case concludes with students evaluating a hypothetical screening study intended to reduce the risk of suicidal death and discussing a research design to examine the effectiveness of this prevention strategy.

  11. The binomial work-health in the transit of Curitiba city.

    PubMed

    Tokars, Eunice; Moro, Antonio Renato Pereira; Cruz, Roberto Moraes

    2012-01-01

    The working activity in traffic of the big cities complex interacts with the environment is often in unsafe and unhealthy imbalance favoring the binomial work - health. The aim of this paper was to analyze the relationship between work and health of taxi drivers in Curitiba, Brazil. This cross-sectional observational study with 206 individuals used a questionnaire on the organization's profile and perception of the environment and direct observation of work. It was found that the majority are male, aged between 26 and 49 years and has a high school degree. They are sedentary, like making a journey from 8 to 12 hours. They consider a stressful profession, related low back pain and are concerned about safety and accidents. 40% are smokers and consume alcoholic drink and 65% do not have or do not use devices of comfort. Risk factors present in the daily taxi constraints cause physical, cognitive and organizational and can affect your performance. It is concluded that the taxi drivers must change the unhealthy lifestyle, requiring a more efficient management of government authorities for this work is healthy and safe for all involved.

  12. [Alcohol consumption patterns among patients in primary health care and detection by health professionals].

    PubMed

    Taufick, Maíra Lemos de Castro; Evangelista, Lays Aparecida; Silva, Michelle da; Oliveira, Luiz Carlos Marques de

    2014-02-01

    This cross-sectional study investigated patterns of alcohol consumption among patients enrolled in the Family Health Program (FHP) in a city in Southeast Brazil, as well as the detection of such consumption by FHP professionals. A total of 932 adult patients were evaluated from November 2010 to November 2011. Of this total, 17.5% were considered at risk for hazardous drinking (AUDIT ≥ 8); increased risk was associated with male gender, younger age, and chronic illness. The CAGE questionnaire was positive in 98 patients (10.5%), with a higher proportion in men. Health professionals were more likely to ask about alcohol consumption in men, individuals aged ≥ 55 years, those with chronic illnesses, and heavier drinkers (438/932; 47.8%). Positive diagnosis of alcoholism was more frequent in men, individuals aged 35-54 years, and those with serious alcohol abuse (22/175; 12.6%). The study concluded that alcohol consumption is common among patients treated by FHP teams (although insufficiently recognized by professionals) and that a minority of alcoholics is instructed on the risks of drinking.

  13. MEDITATIVE PSYCHOANALYSIS.

    PubMed

    Rubin, Jeffrey B

    2016-03-01

    Psychoanalysis and meditation not only compensate for the other's blind spots, but also, when practiced together, can provide a richer experience than either discipline pursued alone. After considering the way meditation cultivates heightened attentiveness, refines sensory clarity, lessens self-criticism, and increases affect tolerance, thereby deepening psychoanalytic listening, I'll examine how psychoanalytic perspectives on unconscious communication and meaning illuminate and transform the nearsightedness of meditation, aiding therapists and clients in understanding troubling thoughts, feelings, and behavior. This helps therapists deepen their capacity to help those people with whom they work. The paper also attempts to illuminate how the therapeutic relationship, conceived of in a freer and more empathic way--as the vehicle for both validating a person's experience and providing opportunities for new forms of relatedness and self-transformation--provides a crucible in which old and dysfunctional ways of caring for oneself and relating to other people emerge and new patterns of self-care and intimacy can be established. In the concluding section, I will delineate meditative psychoanalysis, my own integration of meditation and psychoanalysis. Clinical material will illustrate my theoretical reflections.

  14. Floating phase in the one-dimensional transverse axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising model.

    PubMed

    Chandra, Anjan Kumar; Dasgupta, Subinay

    2007-02-01

    To study the ground state of an axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising chain under transverse field as a function of frustration parameter kappa and field strength Gamma, we present here two different perturbative analyses. In one, we consider the (known) ground state at kappa=0.5 and Gamma=0 as the unperturbed state and treat an increase of the field from 0 to Gamma coupled with an increase of kappa from 0.5 to 0.5+rGamma/J as perturbation. The first-order perturbation correction to eigenvalue can be calculated exactly and we could conclude that there are only two phase-transition lines emanating from the point kappa=0.5, Gamma=0. In the second perturbation scheme, we consider the number of domains of length 1 as the perturbation and obtain the zeroth-order eigenfunction for the perturbed ground state. From the longitudinal spin-spin correlation, we conclude that floating phase exists for small values of transverse field over the entire region intermediate between the ferromagnetic phase and antiphase.

  15. Ethical issues in new uses of preimplantation genetic diagnosis: should parents be allowed to use preimplantation genetic diagnosis to choose the sexual orientation of their children?

    PubMed

    Dahl, Edgar

    2003-07-01

    Extending the application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to screen embryos for non-medical traits such as gender, height and intelligence, raises serious moral, legal, and social issues. In this paper I consider the possibility of using PGD to select the sexual orientation of offspring. After considering five potential objections, I conclude that parents should be permitted to use PGD to choose the sexual orientation of their children.

  16. Electron impact cross sections for the 2,2P state excitation of lithium

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Vuskovic, L.; Trajmar, S.; Register, D. F.

    1982-01-01

    Electron impact excitation of the 2p 2P state of Li was studied at 10, 20, 60, 100, 150 and 200 eV. Relative differential cross sections in the angular range 3-120 deg were measured and then normalized to the absolute scale by using the optical f value. Integral and momentum transfer cross sections were obtained by extrapolating the differential cross sections to 0 deg and to 180 deg. The question of normalizing electron-metal-atom collision cross sections in general was examined and the method of normalization to optical f values in particular was investigated in detail. It has been concluded that the extrapolation of the apparent generalized oscillator strength (obtained from the measured differential cross sections) to the zero momentum transfer limit with an expression using even powers of the momentum transfer and normalization of the limit to the optical f value yields reliable absolute cross sections.

  17. 2016 Vehicle Technologies Market Report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Davis, Stacy Cagle; Williams, Susan E.; Boundy, Robert Gary

    This is the seventh edition of this report, which details the major trends in U.S. light-duty vehicle and medium/heavy truck markets. This report is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy s (DOE) Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO), and, in accord with its mission, pays special attention to the progress of high-efficiency and alternative-fuel technologies. After opening with a discussion of energy and economics, this report features a section each on the light-duty vehicle and heavy/medium truck markets, and concluding with a section each on technology and policy. The first section on Energy and Economics discusses the role of transportation energymore » and vehicle markets on a national (and even international) scale. For example, Figures 12 through 14 discuss the connections between global oil prices and U.S. GDP, and Figures 21 and 22 show U.S. employment in the automotive sector. The following section examines Light-Duty Vehicle use, markets, manufacture, and supply chains. Figures 27 through 69 offer snapshots of major light-duty vehicle brands in the United States and Figures 73 through 85 examine the performance and efficiency characteristics of vehicles sold. The discussion of Medium and Heavy Trucks offers information on truck sales (Figures 94 through 98) and fuel use (Figures 101 through 104). The Technology section offers information on alternative fuel vehicles and infrastructure (Figures 109 through 123), and the Policy section concludes with information on recent, current, and near-future Federal policies like the Corporate Average Fuel Economy standard (Figures 135 through 142). In total, the information contained in this report is intended to communicate a fairly complete understanding of U.S. highway transportation energy through a series of easily digestible nuggets. Suggestions for future expansion, additional information, or other improvements are most welcome.« less

  18. 10 CFR 110.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... that are subject to the nuclear non-proliferation export licensing controls of the Department of... group of nations concluded under section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act, as amended. Atomic Energy Act... that may be used in nuclear or non-nuclear applications. Effective kilograms of special nuclear...

  19. 7 CFR 1957.6 - Appeal reviews.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Appeal reviews. 1957.6 Section 1957.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... 1900, subpart B. This review is final and will conclude the appellant's administrative appeal process. ...

  20. Slavic Languages: A Condensed Survey.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jakobson, Roman

    This study examines the geographic distribution of 13 eastern, western, and southern Slavic languages. Commentary on the expansion of Proto-Slavic precedes a brief history of the Slavic literary languages. Separate sections on comparative phonology and comparative grammar are included. A selected bibliography, classified by subject, concludes this…

  1. 21 CFR 107.50 - Terms and conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition concludes that additional or modified quality control... also typically represented and labeled for use to provide dietary management for diseases or conditions... regulations promulgated under section 412(a)(2) of the act, the quality control procedure requirements of part...

  2. The Principal's Legal Handbook. Second Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Camp, William E., Ed.; Connelly, Mary Jane, Ed.; Lane, Kenneth E., Ed.; Mead, Julie F., Ed.

    This handbook for elementary and secondary school principals contains several chapters on topics important to building level administrators. Each chapter summarizes relevant state and federal court decisions and statutes, concluding with recommendations for practice. The handbook is divided into four sections: students and the law, special…

  3. The influence of thickness on density of an I-2 bituminous mix.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1978-01-01

    From this very limited study, it was concluded that (1) even when the road cross section was distorted, the contractor did an excellent job of controlling the average application rate; (2) the percent compaction, while acceptably high, did not increa...

  4. Heterosocial Competency: An Annotated Bibliography.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Smithson, Vincent Scott

    This annotated bibliography was developed to help researchers work more effectively and efficiently in their study of heterosocial competency. An introductory section defines heterosocial skills as those skills related to beginning, carrying on, and concluding social interactions with members of the opposite sex. It notes that heterosocial…

  5. Ground resistivity method and DCIP2D forward and inversion modelling to identify alteration at the Midwest uranium deposit, northern Saskatchewan, Canada

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Long, Samuel R. M.; Smith, Richard S.; Hearst, Robert B.

    2017-06-01

    Resistivity methods are commonly used in mineral exploration to map lithology, structure, sulphides and alteration. In the Athabasca Basin, resistivity methods are used to detect alteration associated with uranium. At the Midwest deposit, there is an alteration zone in the Athabasca sandstones that is above a uraniferous conductive graphitic fault in the basement and below a conductive lake at surface. Previous geophysical work in this area has yielded resistivity sections that we feel are ambiguous in the area where the alteration is expected. Resolve® and TEMPEST sections yield an indistinct alteration zone, while two-dimensional (2D) inversions of the ground resistivity data show an equivocal smeared conductive feature in the expected location between the conductive graphite and the conductive lake. Forward modelling alone cannot identify features in the pseudosections that are clearly associated with alteration, as the section is dominated by the feature associated with the near-surface conductive lake; inverse modelling alone produces sections that are smeared and equivocal. We advocate an approach that uses a combination of forward and inverse modelling. We generate a forward model from a synthetic geoelectric section; this forward data is then inverse modelled and compared with the inverse model generated from the field data using the same inversion parameters. The synthetic geoelectric section is then adjusted until the synthetic inverse model closely matches the field inverse model. We found that this modelling process required a conductive alteration zone in the sandstone above the graphite, as removing the alteration zone from the sandstone created an inverse section very dissimilar to the inverse section derived from the field data. We therefore conclude that the resistivity method is able to identify conductive alteration at Midwest even though it is below a conductive lake and above a conductive graphitic fault. We also concluded that resistivity inversions suggest a conductive paleoweathering surface on the top of the basement rocks at the basin/basement unconformity.

  6. Ground state atoms confined in a real Rydberg and complex Rydberg-Scarf II potential

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mansoori Kermani, Maryam

    2017-12-01

    In this work, a system of two ground state atoms confined in a one-dimensional real Rydberg potential was modeled. The atom-atom interaction was considered as a nonlocal separable potential (NLSP) of rank one. This potential was assumed because it leads to an analytical solution of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation. The NLSPs are useful in the few body problems that the many-body potential at each point is replaced by a projective two-body nonlocal potential operator. Analytical expressions for the confined particle resolvent were calculated as a key function in this study. The contributions of the bound and virtual states in the complex energy plane were obtained via the derived transition matrix. Since the low energy quantum scattering problems scattering length is an important quantity, the behavior of this parameter was described versus the reduced energy considering various values of potential parameters. In a one-dimensional model, the total cross section in units of the area is not a meaningful property; however, the reflectance coefficient has a similar role. Therefore the reflectance probability and its behavior were investigated. Then a new confined potential via combining the complex absorbing Scarf II potential with the real Rydberg potential, called the Rydberg-Scarf II potential, was introduced to construct a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. In order to investigate the effect of the complex potential, the scattering length and reflectance coefficient were calculated. It was concluded that in addition to the competition between the repulsive and attractive parts of both potentials, the imaginary part of the complex potential has an important effect on the properties of the system. The complex potential also reduces the reflectance probability via increasing the absorption probability. For all numerical computations, the parameters of a system including argon gas confined in graphite were considered.

  7. Parental Involvement in Special Education Curriculum

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Westwood-Robinette, Nicole M.

    2014-01-01

    Educators and researchers have long considered parental involvement an integral part in the success of students and researchers have concluded that there is a connection between parental involvement and the retention rates of students who are involved in regular education curriculum. However, much less information is available regarding the…

  8. The Built Environment's Effect on Learning: Applying Current Research. Spotlight: Updating Our Agendas.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dyck, James

    2002-01-01

    Reviews current literature--noting limitations--and provides observations regarding the impact on learning of six physical attributes of the Montessori prepared environment: aesthetics, spatial factors, light, noise, color, and temperature. Suggests guidelines for Montessori classrooms. Concludes by asserting that considering these six…

  9. Restructuring: Imperatives and Opportunities for Academic Leaders.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gumport, Patricia J.

    2001-01-01

    Offers critical reflection on higher education's past, describing some macro trends affecting public higher education in the United States and the responses by public research universities in particular. Briefly considers how technological innovations may reshape the academic future, and concludes with suggestions for how campus leaders might…

  10. Simon, Indoctrination and Ethical Relativism.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wagner, Paul A.

    1981-01-01

    Points to three deficiencies in values clarification as a program of moral education; i.e., failure to distinguish the intellectual traits essential in moral valuing; failure to contribute to students' moral development; and failure to consider the purpose and mechanics of moral argument. Concludes that values clarification promotes ethical…

  11. 22 CFR 127.11 - Past violations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ....S. criminal statutes enumerated in § 120.27 of this subchapter or who are ineligible to receive any... of the Assistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs, that the applicant has taken... considered. If the Assistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs concludes that the application...

  12. Profs, Professionals Agree about Students' Editing Skills.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fee, Frank; Russial, John; Auman Ann

    2003-01-01

    Considers where journalism educators should focus when they design editing curriculum. Examines what professors say is important for students to know about editing. Compares what professors at accredited programs say about necessary skills with what professional copy editors say is important. Concludes that professors and professionals are largely…

  13. The Brain Research Bandwagon: Proceed with Caution.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Franklin, Elda; Franklin, A. David

    1978-01-01

    The authors review current brain hemisphere laterality research in relation to music education, concluding that evidence is still insufficient to determine the functions of the left brain and right brain in music perception. They also consider the effects of training on the cerebral processing of music stimuli. (SJL)

  14. Dietary salt consumption and the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of healthy adults: a cross-sectional study from Jordan.

    PubMed

    Alawwa, Izzat; Dagash, Rajaa; Saleh, Akram; Ahmad, Abdelaziz

    2018-12-01

    High dietary sodium is recognized as a silent killer responsible for 2.3 million deaths worldwide in 2010 predominantly secondary to hypertension and its complications. Although high salt consumption is considered a worldwide public health problem, its magnitude is highly variable among different communities; therefore, it is important to study locally. This study aimed to evaluate habitual salt consumption, its important correlations, as well as the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of healthy Jordanian citizens. As potassium consumption is highly correlated and important we aimed to study both jointly. In this descriptive cross-sectional study we enrolled 103 healthy adult Jordanian citizens. All participants were interviewed for questionnaire filling, physical examination, and instructed on proper 24-hour urine collection procedure. We measured sodium and potassium concentration in the provided controlled 24-hour urine collection samples, as it is presently considered the gold standard for evaluating daily intake. The results showed an average sodium intake of 179 mmol (4.1 g) per day [higher in males at 186 mmol (4.3 g) vs. 173 mmol (4.0 g) for females], significantly above the current WHO recommendations, though only 8% regularly add salt to food. Ironically, most participants (82%) believe their salt consumption was appropriate and only 29% thought they may benefit from reducing salt intake. On the other hand, potassium intake is far below the current WHO recommendations. High sodium and low potassium intake have synergistic adverse effects on public health that is not currently addressed in Jordan. We conclude that Jordanian citizens currently consume high sodium and low potassium diet and are mostly unaware of its negative impact on their health. Hence, it is crucial for healthcare providers to intervene and adopt long-term strategies to control salt intake to reduce its negative effects in Jordan and elsewhere.

  15. Ultrastructural analysis of different-made staplers' staples.

    PubMed

    Gentilli, S; Portigliotti, L; Aronici, M; Ferrante, D; Surico, D; Milanesio, M; Gianotti, V; Gatti, G; Addante, A; Garavoglia, M

    2012-10-01

    Recently, Chinese-made mechanical staplers with lower price respect to American-made ones have been introduced in clinical practice. In literature, small case series compare the clinical outcomes of different staplers concluding that the new stapler devices perform as well as the American ones. The aim of this study is to compare with an ultrastructural analysis the staples of different staplers in order to verify the existence of differences that might explain significant price disparity and condition clinical outcomes. Each stapler was subjected to morphological analysis, energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy, metal release assessment followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. P-values were considered statistically significant when <0.05. Autosuture staples have square section whereas the other American one and Chinese made staples have round sections. Roughness index and chips presence before and after ageing tests were comparable for all samples except for Ethicon Endo-Surgery stapler. Energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy showed that all staplers are made of pure Titanium but Ethicon Endo-Surgery staples are made with an alloy. Metal release analysis release statistically significant differences between samples in simulated body fluid 20 days solution (P=0.002) and in Aquaregia at 14 days solution. Discussion. Stapling devices have became routinely used in gastrointestinal surgery mainly because of operative time reduction. Recently, new Chinese-made mechanical staplers, with significantly lower prices, have been introduced in clinical practice. In literature, there are some studies that compare clinical outcomes of American-made and Chinese-made staplers on small groups of patients but doesn't exist any work which consider structural differences between traditional and new devices. In our study, for the first time, we propose a comparison between two American-made staplers and three Chinese-made staplers which evaluate morphology, metal composition and chemical staples release. Our study suggest that there are some ultrastructural differences between commercially available staplers with no correlation to price disparity. More studies are needed to confirm our results and to verify if our findings could condition clinical outcomes.

  16. Pandemic influenza: is there a corporate duty to prepare?

    PubMed

    McMenamin, Joseph P

    2009-01-01

    This article considers whether in the wake of an influenza pandemic companies may be exposed to claims of legal liability for failing to provide employees with access to antiviral medications, as the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) now encourages businesses to do. It begins by describing influenza and influenza pandemics. It then discusses the benefits and limitations of antiviral therapies and the recent creation of antiviral option programs. It concludes by considering whether claims may be brought on the theory that corporate leadership is under a duty to prepare for a pandemic by considering whether to provide access to antiviral protection for employees.

  17. Eruption Chronology in Children: A Cross-sectional Study

    PubMed Central

    Bansal, Arpana; Tyagi, Parimala; Jain, Ankur; Tiwari, Utkarsh; Gupta, Ruchika

    2017-01-01

    Aims and objectives The purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate reference standard for eruption timing of primary teeth in infants and preschool children of Bhopal city and to determine the role of various factors affecting the eruption of primary dentition. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among the infants and preschool children (4-36 months) attending the local government or private hospitals, and vaccination centers. Prior to the study, Institutional Ethical Committee clearance and informed written consent from the parents were obtained. The data were collected from full-term infants and preschool children of 4 to 36 months from Bhopal city. Oral examination was done under adequate natural light by a single examiner using mouth mirror and probe. Teeth present in the oral cavity were noted by using Federation Dentaire Internationale system of nomenclature in the preformed pro-forma. The teeth were considered as erupted, when any part of its crown had penetrated the gingiva and was visible in the oral cavity. Height, weight, birth weight, and other close-ended questions in questionnaire were asked from parents. Results and conclusion The data collected were statistically analyzed and it was observed that significant relation exists between tooth eruption and birth weight, feeding habits, socioeconomic status, and body mass index (BMI). Based on the findings, it may be concluded that Indian children experienced delayed eruption of primary teeth when compared with children of different countries and standard norms. How to cite this article Verma N, Bansal A, Tyagi P, Jain A, Tiwari U, Gupta R. Eruption Chronology in Children: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(3):278-282. PMID:29104389

  18. Does work-to-family conflict really matter for health? Cross-sectional, prospective cohort and fixed-effects analyses.

    PubMed

    Oshio, Takashi; Inoue, Akiomi; Tsutsumi, Akizumi

    2017-02-01

    It is well known that work-to-family conflict (WFC) is negatively associated with employees' health outcomes, including mental health and health behavior. However, the associations may be overstated because of insufficient control for unobserved individual attributes. To address this possibility, we compared the associations between WFC and health observed from a cross-sectional, prospective cohort and from fixed-effects regression models. We analyzed data from a Japanese occupational cohort survey of 15,102 observations from 7551 individuals (5947 men and 1604 women), which were collected in two waves with a one-year interval. We constructed a binary variable of high WFC and considered psychological distress measured using the Kessler 6 (K6) score, job and life dissatisfaction, and five types of health behavior (current smoking, problem drinking, leisure-time physical inactivity, sickness absence, and refraining from medical care). Results showed that for men, a high WFC increased the probability of reporting psychological distress (K6 score ≥ 5); this increased by 12.4% in a fixed-effects model. The association was substantially limited, as compared to the increase of 30.9% and 23.2% observed in cross-sectional and prospective cohort models, respectively; however, the association remained significant. Similar patterns were observed for job and life dissatisfaction. In contrast, the associations of WFC with all five types of health behavior were non-significant after controlling for fixed effects. We obtained generally similar results for women and found no substantial gender difference in the fixed-effects models. We concluded that the associations of WFC with employees' mental health and subjective well-being were robust, whereas the association between WFC and health behavior was generally limited. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. Design and Experimental Results for the S406 Airfoil

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-08-01

    Concluded.45 46 (a) R = 0.50 × 106. Figure 14.- Comparison of theoretical and experimental section ch with transition free.aracteristics 47 (b) R...106. Figure 15.- Comparison of theoretical and experimental section ch with transition fixed.aracteristics 51 (b) R = 0.70 × 106. Figure 15...04986 4.088 .7022 .013251 −.04644 5.104 . 7845 .014147 −.04381 6.119 .8571 .015149 −.04019 7.135 .9294 .016691 −.03508 8.149 .9947 .017447 −.03106 9.162

  20. Automated Aerial Refueling Position Estimation Using a Scanning LiDAR

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-03-22

    mask is for the Ibeo LUX 8L. The lines of constant elevation curve as described in Section 3.4.1.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 ix Figure Page 3.8...in the correct direction as the red axis arrow however it must be orthogonal to the blue axis arrow. Thus a series of cross products are used to...Finally Chapter V concludes the thesis with an overview of the results of both the algorithms used for the relative position solution. This section

  1. 26 CFR 1.631-1 - Election to consider cutting as sale or exchange.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... necessary factor. See paragraph (e) of this section. (4) For any taxable year for which the cutting of... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Election to consider cutting as sale or exchange... consider cutting as sale or exchange. (a) Effect of election. (1) Section 631 (a) provides an election to...

  2. 10 CFR 110.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... commodities on the Commerce Control List that are subject to the nuclear non-proliferation export licensing... group of nations concluded under section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act. Atomic Energy Act means the... surrounding environment. Dual-use means equipment and materials that may be used in nuclear or non-nuclear...

  3. 10 CFR 110.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... commodities on the Commerce Control List that are subject to the nuclear non-proliferation export licensing... group of nations concluded under section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act. Atomic Energy Act means the... surrounding environment. Dual-use means equipment and materials that may be used in nuclear or non-nuclear...

  4. 10 CFR 110.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... commodities on the Commerce Control List that are subject to the nuclear non-proliferation export licensing... group of nations concluded under section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act. Atomic Energy Act means the... surrounding environment. Dual-use means equipment and materials that may be used in nuclear or non-nuclear...

  5. 10 CFR 110.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... commodities on the Commerce Control List that are subject to the nuclear non-proliferation export licensing... group of nations concluded under section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act. Atomic Energy Act means the... surrounding environment. Dual-use means equipment and materials that may be used in nuclear or non-nuclear...

  6. Measuring Conceptual Complexity: A Content-Analytic Model Using the Federal Income Tax Laws.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Karlinsky, Stewart S.; Andrews, J. Douglas

    1986-01-01

    Concludes that more than 15 percent of the federal income tax law's complexity is attributable to the capital gains sections. Confirms the idea that the capital gain and loss provisions substantially complicate the law in both absolute and relative terms. (FL)

  7. 45 CFR 79.4 - Investigation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Investigation. 79.4 Section 79.4 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES § 79.4 Investigation. (a) If an investigating official concludes that a subpoena pursuant to the authority conferred by...

  8. 6 CFR 13.4 - Investigation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 6 Domestic Security 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Investigation. 13.4 Section 13.4 Domestic Security DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES § 13.4 Investigation. (a) If an Investigating Official concludes that a subpoena pursuant to the Authority conferred by...

  9. Final Comments from Professors George and Beane.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Beane, James; George, Paul S.

    1996-01-01

    Concludes this journal focus section on curriculum integration with transcripts of questions asked by conference attendees and answers by Professors Beane and George. Areas addressed included experience levels with children and teachers, studies that point to the failure of curriculum integration, and how teachers can continue curriculum…

  10. THE RIGHT TO SUTURES: SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND SOCIAL JUSTICE

    PubMed Central

    Venkatapuram, Sridhar; Bell, Ruth; Marmot, Michael

    2013-01-01

    The article examines the convergences and contrasts between social epidemiology, social medicine, and human rights approaches toward advancing global health and health equity. The first section describes the goals and work of the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health. The second section discusses the role of human rights in the Commission’s work. The third section evaluates, from the perspective of social epidemiology, two rights-based approaches to advancing health and health equity as compared to a view that focuses more broadly on social justice. The concluding section identifies four areas where social epidemiologists, practitioners of social medicine, and health and human rights advocates can and must work together in order to make progress on health and health equity. PMID:21178186

  11. Children of Alcoholics.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Krois, Deborah Helen

    Although alcoholism has long been considered a serious problem, the impact of parental alcoholism on children has only recently begun to receive attention from researchers and clinicians. A review of the empirical literature on children of alcoholics was conducted and it was concluded that children raised in an alcoholic family are at increased…

  12. Defamation Charges in a Networked Environment.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ferencz, Susan K.

    1997-01-01

    Considers how civil law might treat claims of defamation arising from computer newsgroup postings. Concludes that newsgroup postings will probably be treated as a hybrid of print and broadcast media, and that newsgroup users will vigorously and aggressively protect freedoms of speech and press. While traditional defenses to defamation charges will…

  13. General Systems Theory Approaches to Organizations: Some Problems in Application

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Peery, Newman S., Jr.

    1975-01-01

    Considers the limitations of General Systems Theory (GST) as a major paradigm within administrative theory and concludes that most systems formulations overemphasize growth and show little appreciation for intraorganizational conflict, diversity of values, and political action within organizations. Suggests that these limitations are mainly due to…

  14. Emergent Learning Focused Teachers and Their Ecological Complexity Worldview

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Butler, Joy I.; Storey, Brian; Robson, Claire

    2014-01-01

    Although Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) has gained ground, pedagogical models are sustainable only when situated in a comprehensive worldview and consistent epistemology. After considering the five values orientations offered by Jewett, Bain, and Ennis, the authors conclude that ecological integration offers a useful starting point in…

  15. Proposal for the Creation of a Subdiscipline: Education Informatics

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Collins, John W.; Weiner, Sharon

    2010-01-01

    Background/Context: Soon after the United States Department of Education began making changes to the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) system, education librarians concluded that there was a need for a fresh approach to addressing education information needs. Considering the importance of information systems in education, they agreed…

  16. Concluding Essay: On Applied Linguistics and Discourse Analysis.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kaplan, Robert B.

    1990-01-01

    Discusses trends and problems in regarding discourse analysis as a viable paradigm that can govern research, focusing on such issues as the wide diversity and variety of research that can be considered discourse analysis, the predominant focus on English language, research approaches, and undefined variables affecting research outcomes. (seven…

  17. Sex, Texts, and the First Amendment

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hodgson, Beverly J.

    1976-01-01

    Examines the purposes of Title IX as it applies to sex-stereotyped textbooks, considers the need for regulation in this area, and discusses the applicable First Amendment doctrines. Concludes that sex discrimination in instructional materials may be regulated without violating the First Amendment guarantee of freedom of speech. (Author/JG)

  18. The Metrical Foot in Diyari.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Poser, William

    1989-01-01

    Considers the metrical foot in Diyari, a South Australian Language, and concludes that, on the basis of stress alone, an argument can be made for the constituency of the metrical stress foot under certain theoretical assumptions. This conclusion is reinforced by the occupance in Diyari of other less theory-dependant phenomena. (46 references) (JL)

  19. A Constructive Task in Religious Education: Making Christian Selves.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Anderson, E. Byron

    1998-01-01

    Discusses the self as socially constructed by comparing George Herbert Mead and Robert Kegan and then addresses the construction of the religious self by focusing on Mead, Kegan, and George Lindbeck. Considers the "theonomous self" (identity related to God). Concludes by discussing ecclesial practices that correspond to the theonomous…

  20. An Analytical Index to the Internet: Dreams of Utopia.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Casey, Carol

    1999-01-01

    Explores the need for analytical indexes to access Internet resources. Considers bibliographic control, Web site design, keyword search engines, hierarchical subject indexes, and special indexes and compilations of links, and concludes that the creation of small, focused indexes may be the best solution for accessing specific types of digital…

  1. Teaching about Plagiarism in the Age of the Internet.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Klausman, Jeffrey

    1999-01-01

    Considers how the Internet provides new opportunities for teaching about plagiarism and how to avoid it. Defines and gives examples of three different kinds of plagiarism: direct plagiarism, paraphrase plagiarism, and patchwork plagiarism. Discusses a way of teaching students about plagiarism. Concludes that plagiarism is usually unintentional.…

  2. Virtual Urbanism.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sirc, Geoffrey

    2001-01-01

    Considers how visual literacy implies a poetics of technology, one rooted in basic human passion. Notes that most academic forms sanctioned for students to inhabit are as monumentally dull as the urban forms in which they pass an extra-academic portion of their lives. Concludes that technology is most useful when it allows the poetic spirit to…

  3. The High School Economics Text: An Examination of Priorities and Needs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Radner, Barbara

    1990-01-01

    Analyzes high school economics textbooks through an examination of the questions that textbooks traditionally address about economic production: What, how much, and how will something be produced, and who gets the product? Considers teachers' relationships to economic textbooks and courses. Concludes that textbooks should be more relevant to…

  4. Will There Be Enough Americans?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bouvier, Leon

    This paper considers U.S. immigration in terms of this country's fertility, mortality, and migration rates and patterns. Statistics and estimates are provided for both legal and illegal immigrants, and the positive and negative effects of population growth and decline are explored. The paper concludes that rising immigration rates will help…

  5. Distance Education: An Evolving Instructional Technology Application.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dwyer, Francis

    1999-01-01

    Focuses on the several levels of questions that need to be considered before planning and implementing a distance education program. Discusses systems procedures to be followed in developing pilot lessons (modules) prior to "rapid prototyping." Concludes by providing a generic research plan for ensuring the development of sustained quality…

  6. Clinical Assessment Using the Clinical Rating Scale: Thomas and Olson Revisited.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lee, Robert E.; Jager, Kathleen Burns; Whiting, Jason B.; Kwantes, Catherine T.

    2000-01-01

    Examines whether the Clinical Rating Scale retains its validity when used by psychotherapists in their clinical practice. Confirmatory factor analysis reveals that data provides a reasonable approximation of the underlying factor structure. Concludes that although primarily considered a research instrument, the scale may have a role in clinical…

  7. What Has President Obama Done?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jennings, Jack

    2012-01-01

    In the election battle between former Gov. Mitt Romney and President Obama, the writer looks at Obama's record and concludes he's earned a second shot, especially considering how different his policies are from his competitor's. Amid a climate of scarce resources and even scarcer political goodwill, President Obama has taken steps to provide all…

  8. A College Health Center.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bard, Bernard

    This report considers problems and solutions related to the design and establishment of college health facilities. This includes the results of a study involving Colorado, Knox, and Wittenberg Colleges in which personal visits and expert testimony concluded that the health services of small colleges in the central and western states were seriously…

  9. A COLLEGE HEALTH CENTER.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    BRAD, BERNARD

    THIS REPORT CONSIDERS PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS RELATED TO THE DESIGN AND ESTABLISHMENT OF COLLEGE HEALTH FACILITIES. THIS INCLUDES THE RESULTS OF A STUDY INVOLVING COLORADO, KNOX, AND WITTENBERG COLLEGES IN WHICH PERSONAL VISITS AND EXPERT TESTIMONY CONCLUDED THAT THE HEALTH SERVICES OF SMALL COLLEGES IN THE CENTRAL AND WESTERN STATES WERE SERIOUSLY…

  10. Kuder Occupational Interest Survey Profiles of Reentry Women

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tittle, Carol K.; Denker, Elenor R.

    1977-01-01

    The Kuder Occupational Interest Survey was administered to 202 women considering reentry into education. It was found that the KOIS does differentiate between women and individual interests are reflected for this sample of women. It was concluded that examination of male-normed scales is very useful in counseling. (Author)

  11. Reshaping Reality: Hemingway's Wartime Fable of "The Butterfly and the Tank."

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Plath, James

    2002-01-01

    Considers how the idea of Hemingway's famous "iceberg" theory of fiction continues to find currency--especially among students of creative writing. Discusses the use of "truth" in fiction. Concludes that in Hemingway's short story, "The Butterfly and the Tank," more than anything else, truth lies submerged. (SG)

  12. The Influence of Ernst Mach in the Teaching of Mechanics.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Assis, Andre K. T.; Zylbersztajn, Arden

    2001-01-01

    Presents Newton's main ideas for the formulation of classical mechanics as given in the Principia. Discusses Ernst Mach's criticisms of Newtonian mechanics as contained in his book, "The Science of Mechanics". Analyzes the influence of Mach's ideas in the teaching of classical mechanics by considering five textbooks. Concludes that…

  13. Extragalactic Gravitational Collapse

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rees, Martin J.

    After some introductory "numerology", routes towards black hole formation are briefly reviewed; some properties of black holes relevant to theories for active galactic nuclei are then described. Applications are considered to specific models for energy generation and the production of relativistic beams. The paper concludes with a discussion of extragalactic sources of gravitational waves.

  14. Constructing Knowledge in a New World.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Solis, Ed

    2002-01-01

    Considers how the events of September 11th made fear drive students away from acceptance and interest in what was before a cultural learning experience. Discusses students' reactions to Chinua Achebe's novel "Things Fall Apart," which depicts colonization from the point of the Ibo people. Concludes that curriculum may need to address…

  15. Research Issues in Evaluating Learning Pattern Development in Higher Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Richardson, John T. E.

    2013-01-01

    This article concludes the special issue of "Studies in Educational Evaluation" concerned with "Evaluating learning pattern development in higher education" by discussing research issues that have emerged from the previous contributions. The article considers in turn: stability versus variability in learning patterns; old versus new analytic…

  16. Making History Come Alive with the Nonfiction Literature of the Vietnam War.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Johannessen, Larry R.

    2003-01-01

    Considers student response to nonfiction Vietnam War literature and discusses why students should study Vietnam War nonfiction. Presents strategies for teaching nonfiction Vietnam War literature. Presents follow-up research and writing activities that are designed to enable students to connect reading, writing, and thinking. Concludes that the…

  17. Pedophilia and the Culture Wars.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zuriff, G. E.

    2000-01-01

    Discusses reaction to research findings published in a journal of the American Psychological Association (APA) which concluded that classifying sexual behavior between adults and children as abuse merely because it is considered illegal or immoral, even in the absence of harm, is not scientifically valid. Notes the APA's stand on the study's…

  18. The SEER Readability Technique: How Practicable is It?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Duffelmeyer, Frederick A.

    1982-01-01

    Evaluates the practicability of the Singer Eyeball Estimate of Readability (SEER) techniques with 32 college students. Reveals that only two of the students met SEER's criterion for being considered acceptable judges. Concludes that the criterion is overly stringent and proposes a revised criterion designed to make the SEER technique more…

  19. Developments in Genetic Understanding: Time To Engage with the Process.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Barr, Owen

    2002-01-01

    This editorial outlines how developments in our understanding of genetic information may raise new challenges for people with learning disabilities, their parents, and professionals working in learning disability services. It concludes by highlighting some key aspects professionals need to consider if they are to support effectively people who…

  20. Psychological Counseling with Families of Gifted Children.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Webb, James T.

    The emotional needs of gifted children are seldom considered by psychologists either during their training or in their subsequent professional practices. Most psychology trainees appear to be exposed only to the Terman (1925) studies which concluded that gifted children have significantly fewer social and emotional problems than does the general…

  1. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross as a Religious Leader.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Klass, Dennis; Hutch, Richard A.

    1986-01-01

    Considers Elisabeth Kubler-Ross as a charismatic religious leader and examines the feminine quality of her message and leadership style. An examination of the prospects for an enduring cultural innovation based on Kubler-Ross's work concludes that her leadership does not conform to conditions necessary for institutionalization of her charismatic…

  2. Elementary Age Children and Remote Sensing: Research from Project Omega.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kirman, Joseph M.

    1991-01-01

    Discusses remote sensing technology use in teaching elementary school students about science and social studies. Reviews findings dealing with the use of remote sensing and considering children's abilities, teacher training, computer applications, gifted children, and sex-related differences. Concludes that children as young as grade three can…

  3. 16 CFR 1500.17 - Banned hazardous substances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ...) Voluntary standard. (1) One alternative to the tip-angle requirement that the Commission considered is to... Multiple Shot requires that large multiple-tube devices not tip over (except as the result of the last shot) when shot on a 2-inch thick medium-density foam pad. The Commission cannot conclude that AFSL's...

  4. 16 CFR 1500.17 - Banned hazardous substances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ...) Voluntary standard. (1) One alternative to the tip-angle requirement that the Commission considered is to... Multiple Shot requires that large multiple-tube devices not tip over (except as the result of the last shot) when shot on a 2-inch thick medium-density foam pad. The Commission cannot conclude that AFSL's...

  5. The Design and Delivery of Programs under Mandatory Continuing Professional Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nelson, John W.

    1988-01-01

    Discusses mandatory continuing professional education (MCPE) in Australia for the legal and accountancy professions. Considers whether the main concern is continuing education or the certification by professional bodies of their members as competent to practice. Concludes that program designers should recognize that there are educational as well…

  6. School-Based Mindfulness Training and the Economisation of Attention: A Stieglerian View

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Reveley, James

    2015-01-01

    Educational theorists may be right to suggest that providing mindfulness training in schools can challenge oppressive pedagogies and overcome Western dualism. Before concluding that this training is liberatory, however, one must go beyond pedagogy and consider schooling's role in enacting the educational neurofuture envisioned by mindfulness…

  7. Transforming Higher Education through and for Democratic Civic Engagement: A Model for Change

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Saltmarsh, John; Janke, Emily M.; Clayton, Patti H.

    2015-01-01

    Twenty years ago, reflecting on the possibilities for service-learning (SL) to help re-envision higher education, Zlotkowski (1995) considered the question, "Does service-learning have a future?" and concluded "nothing less than a transformation of contemporary academic culture," a transformation of higher education…

  8. Justifying Projective/Personality Assessment in School Psychology: A Response to Batsche and Peterson.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Knoff, Howard M.

    1983-01-01

    This response to Batsche and Peterson's article discusses the theoretical, empirical, and pragmatic merits of projective assessment when performed in the context of a comprehensive personality assessment battery. The projective measures should not be considered in isolation. The author concludes projective techniques are not incompatible with…

  9. Considering Young People's Motives for Interactive Media Use

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    van den Beemt, Antoine; Akkerman, Sanne; Simons, Robert-Jan

    2011-01-01

    Young people's increasing use of interactive media has led to assertions about possible consequences for education. Rather than following assertions, we argue for theory-driven empirical research as a basis for education renewal. First, we review the existing empirical research, concluding that there is almost no theory-driven research available.…

  10. Exploring the Relationship between Validity and Comparability in Assessment

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Crisp, Victoria

    2017-01-01

    This article discusses how comparability relates to current mainstream conceptions of validity, in the context of educational assessment. Relevant literature was used to consider the relationship between these concepts. The article concludes that, depending on the exact claims being made about the appropriate interpretations and uses of the…

  11. Linear kinetic theory and particle transport in stochastic mixtures

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pomraning, G.C.

    We consider the formulation of linear transport and kinetic theory describing energy and particle flow in a random mixture of two or more immiscible materials. Following an introduction, we summarize early and fundamental work in this area, and we conclude with a brief discussion of recent results.

  12. 7 CFR 15f.6 - What must I say or include in my Section 741 Complaint Request?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... SECTION 741 I Filed a Complaint With USDA Prior to July 1, 1997, How Do I Request That USDA Consider My... request in writing that USDA consider the complaint in accordance with these procedures, a statement as to when your complaint was filed with USDA, and any other evidence you consider necessary to prove that...

  13. 7 CFR 15f.6 - What must I say or include in my Section 741 Complaint Request?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... SECTION 741 I Filed a Complaint With USDA Prior to July 1, 1997, How Do I Request That USDA Consider My... request in writing that USDA consider the complaint in accordance with these procedures, a statement as to when your complaint was filed with USDA, and any other evidence you consider necessary to prove that...

  14. 7 CFR 15f.6 - What must I say or include in my Section 741 Complaint Request?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... SECTION 741 I Filed a Complaint With USDA Prior to July 1, 1997, How Do I Request That USDA Consider My... request in writing that USDA consider the complaint in accordance with these procedures, a statement as to when your complaint was filed with USDA, and any other evidence you consider necessary to prove that...

  15. 7 CFR 15f.6 - What must I say or include in my Section 741 Complaint Request?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... SECTION 741 I Filed a Complaint With USDA Prior to July 1, 1997, How Do I Request That USDA Consider My... request in writing that USDA consider the complaint in accordance with these procedures, a statement as to when your complaint was filed with USDA, and any other evidence you consider necessary to prove that...

  16. 7 CFR 15f.6 - What must I say or include in my Section 741 Complaint Request?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... SECTION 741 I Filed a Complaint With USDA Prior to July 1, 1997, How Do I Request That USDA Consider My... request in writing that USDA consider the complaint in accordance with these procedures, a statement as to when your complaint was filed with USDA, and any other evidence you consider necessary to prove that...

  17. Consumer-perceived risks and choices about pharmaceuticals in the environment: a cross-sectional study.

    PubMed

    Dohle, Simone; Campbell, Victoria E A; Arvai, Joseph L

    2013-06-05

    There is increasing concern that pollution from pharmaceuticals used in human medicine and agriculture can be a threat to the environment. Little is known, however, if people are aware that pharmaceuticals may have a detrimental influence on the environment. The present study examines people's risk perception and choices in regard to environmental risks of pharmaceuticals used in human medicine and for agricultural purposes. A representative sample of the U.S. population (N = 640) was surveyed. Respondents completed a hypothetical choice task that involved tradeoffs between human and environmental health. In addition, it was examined how much people would support an environment policy related to drug regulation. For agricultural pharmaceuticals, respondents reported a high level of satisfaction for a policy requiring farms to limit their use of antibiotics. In the domain of pharmaceuticals used in human medicine, we found that people were willing to consider environmental consequences when choosing a drug, but only when choices were made about treatment options for a rather harmless disease. In contrast, when decisions were made about treatment options for a severe disease, the drug's effectiveness was the most important criterion. It can be concluded that the environmental impact of a drug will be hardly considered in decisions about pharmaceuticals for severe diseases like cancer, and this may be due to the fact that these decisions are predominantly affective in nature. However, for less severe health risks, people are willing to balance health and environmental considerations.

  18. Procedures for the use of aircraft in wildlife biotelemetry studies

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Gilmer, David S.; Cowardin, Lewis M.; Duval, Renee L.; Mechlin, Larry M.; Shaiffer, Charles W.; Kuechle, V.B.

    1981-01-01

    This is a report on the state of the art methodology and on questions that arise while one is preparing to use aircraft in a biotelemetry study. In general the first step in preparing to mount an antenna on an aircraft is to consult with a certified aircraft mechanic. Aircraft certification is discussed to provide background information concerning the role of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in regulating the use of biotelemetry antennas on aircraft. However, approval of any specific design of antenna mount rests with local FAA authority. Airplane and helicopter antenna attachments are described. Performance of the receiving antenna system is discussed with emphasis on how variables as aircraft type and antenna configuration may influence reception. The side-looking vs. front-looking antenna configuration and the VHF vs. HF frequency band are generally recommended for most aerial tracking studies. Characteristics of receivers, transmitters, and antennas that might influence tracking are discussed. Specific topics such as calibration of receivers and transmitter quality control are considered. Suggestions in preparing for and conducting tracking flights that will improve overall efficiency and safety are presented. Search techniques, including procedures for conducting large and specific area surveys as well as methods to improve and evaluate search efficiency, are discussed. A concluding section considers special topics such as low-level operations and the use of helicopters. Diagrams of antenna mounts, equipment check-off lists, and antenna test procedures are included as appendices.

  19. Effect of Music Practice on Anxiety and Depression of Iranian Dental Students

    PubMed Central

    Lotfollahzadeh, Hana; Kermani-Ranjbar, Tahereh; Kharazifard, Mohammad Javad

    2017-01-01

    Objectives: The practice of dentistry has long been associated with high levels of occupational stress and anxiety and music has been shown as a method of reducing stress. Considering the reportedly high level of stress among dental students and its consequences and also considering the positive effect of music therapy, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between music practice and level of stress in dental students. Materials and Methods: In this analytical, cross-sectional study, 88 students, including 44 with a history of music practice and 44 matched controls without music practice who met the defined inclusion criteria, participated. Upon obtaining written informed consent, all volunteers filled the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) and Beck depression inventory (BDI) questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and multiple linear regression test with backward method was used to evaluate the effect of demographic factors on anxiety and depression scores. Results: The level of anxiety was higher in students who did not have music practice and this difference was significant (P<0.001). The same was observed for depression (P=0.027). Other factors including age, gender, and being far from family had no significant effect on depression and anxiety (P>0.05). But level of anxiety and depression was higher in students of universities with tuition fee compared to free public institutes (P<0.05). Conclusions: It may be concluded that music practice can reduce anxiety and depression of dental students. PMID:29167685

  20. Effect of Music Practice on Anxiety and Depression of Iranian Dental Students.

    PubMed

    Ghasemi, Mahmood; Lotfollahzadeh, Hana; Kermani-Ranjbar, Tahereh; Kharazifard, Mohammad Javad

    2017-05-01

    The practice of dentistry has long been associated with high levels of occupational stress and anxiety and music has been shown as a method of reducing stress. Considering the reportedly high level of stress among dental students and its consequences and also considering the positive effect of music therapy, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between music practice and level of stress in dental students. In this analytical, cross-sectional study, 88 students, including 44 with a history of music practice and 44 matched controls without music practice who met the defined inclusion criteria, participated. Upon obtaining written informed consent, all volunteers filled the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) and Beck depression inventory (BDI) questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and multiple linear regression test with backward method was used to evaluate the effect of demographic factors on anxiety and depression scores. The level of anxiety was higher in students who did not have music practice and this difference was significant (P<0.001). The same was observed for depression (P=0.027). Other factors including age, gender, and being far from family had no significant effect on depression and anxiety (P>0.05). But level of anxiety and depression was higher in students of universities with tuition fee compared to free public institutes (P<0.05). It may be concluded that music practice can reduce anxiety and depression of dental students.

  1. Consumer-perceived risks and choices about pharmaceuticals in the environment: a cross-sectional study

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background There is increasing concern that pollution from pharmaceuticals used in human medicine and agriculture can be a threat to the environment. Little is known, however, if people are aware that pharmaceuticals may have a detrimental influence on the environment. The present study examines people’s risk perception and choices in regard to environmental risks of pharmaceuticals used in human medicine and for agricultural purposes. Methods A representative sample of the U.S. population (N = 640) was surveyed. Respondents completed a hypothetical choice task that involved tradeoffs between human and environmental health. In addition, it was examined how much people would support an environment policy related to drug regulation. Results For agricultural pharmaceuticals, respondents reported a high level of satisfaction for a policy requiring farms to limit their use of antibiotics. In the domain of pharmaceuticals used in human medicine, we found that people were willing to consider environmental consequences when choosing a drug, but only when choices were made about treatment options for a rather harmless disease. In contrast, when decisions were made about treatment options for a severe disease, the drug’s effectiveness was the most important criterion. Conclusions It can be concluded that the environmental impact of a drug will be hardly considered in decisions about pharmaceuticals for severe diseases like cancer, and this may be due to the fact that these decisions are predominantly affective in nature. However, for less severe health risks, people are willing to balance health and environmental considerations. PMID:23734758

  2. Acute and developmental toxicity assessment of erincine A-enriched Hericium erinaceus mycelia in Sprague-Dawley rats.

    PubMed

    Li, I-Chen; Chen, Wan-Ping; Chen, Yen-Po; Lee, Li-Ya; Tsai, Yueh-Ting; Chen, Chin-Chu

    2018-01-23

    This study aimed to establish an in vitro model to confirm the efficacy of erinacine A-enriched Hericium erinaceus (EAHE) mycelia and investigate its potential adverse effects in a preclinical experimental setting, including an assessment on the oral administration of EAHE mycelia in acute and prenatal developmental toxicity tests. At a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight, EAHE mycelia elicited no death or treatment-related signs of toxicity in ten Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes during the 14 days of the experimental period. After considering the recommended dose range of EAHE mycelia from the acute toxicity test as well as the therapeutic doses, EAHE mycelia was administered to 66 pregnant rats in the low, medium, and high-dose groups by gavage at 875, 1750, and 2625 mg/kg body weight, respectively. All dams were subjected to a Caesarean section on the 20th day of pregnancy, and the fetuses were examined for any morphological abnormalities. Results indicated that weight of uterus, fetal body weight, number of corpora lutea, implantation sites, pre-implantation loss, and post-implantation loss of the treatment groups and the control group exhibited no statistical difference. In addition, no significant differences were observed in the fetal external, organ, and skeletal examinations. Taken together, it can be concluded that EAHE mycelia is considered safe and practically nontoxic for consumption within the appropriate doses and investigation period in this study.

  3. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ketterer, S.P.

    This manual is designed as a comprehensive hands-on instructional manual for learning the T{sub E}X* computer typesetting program in a classroom environment. Each section presents a new concept in careful detail, concluding with an exercise (T{sub E}Xercise) to reinforce the learning of the concept. The manual introduces the novice T{sub E}X user to the program's basic command structure, along with the concepts of grouping, producing accents, making font changes, and generating mathematical symbols. The T{sub E}Xercises guide the new user in generating text containing footnotes, multilevel lists, and hanging indentations, as well as in magnifying text for viewgraphs. Once themore » basic text generation is defined, the more advanced topics of formatting math equations and tables are explained. A full range of math capabilities is presented --- beginning with simple one-line equations, progressing through complex numbered and aligned equations, and concluding with matrices. The sections on table generation present the basic concepts in T{sub E}X's table-formatting program and then build on them. The new user first learns to construct simple tables, and with careful explanations and guidance, learns to add one new table enhancement at a time. By the conclusion of these sections, the user can construct tables with horizontal and vertical rules and with column entries that are paragraphs. 1 ref.« less

  4. Women redrawing the map: the world after the Beijing and Cairo conferences.

    PubMed

    Dunlop, J; Kyte, R; Macdonald, M

    1996-01-01

    This essay analyzes how the Fourth World Conference on Women (WCW) reinforced and built upon the achievements of previous world conferences, especially the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development's (ICPD) emphasis on women's reproductive health and rights. The introduction describes the WCW, its position in the continuum of world conferences, and its importance in clearly indicating women's centrality in meeting global priorities in the next century and reaffirming women's human rights. Next, the essay focuses on how the WCW was the culminating event in solidifying the shift in global understanding of the role of the international community and of development. The political realities faced by the delegates to the WCW (which opened with 35% of its platform in brackets indicating lack of agreement) are covered in sections that consider 1) the impact of the women's movement and Southern leadership, 2) the importance of the preparatory process, 3) indicators that the tide had turned, and 4) the pattern of diplomacy. The essay then describes how the WCW 1) established the primacy of women's rights, 2) identified action to ensure reproductive and sexual rights, 3) called for a review of restrictive abortion laws, 4) recognized adolescent rights, and 5) established the right of women to control their sexuality. This section also explains why efforts to prevent discrimination on the basis of "sexual orientation" were abandoned. The essay concludes by summarizing the overall messages the WCW sent to the world.

  5. Fluid flow in a spiral microfluidic duct

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Harding, Brendan; Stokes, Yvonne

    2018-04-01

    We consider the steady, pressure driven flow of a viscous fluid through a microfluidic device having the geometry of a planar spiral duct with a slowly varying curvature and height smaller than width. For this problem, it is convenient to express the Navier-Stokes equations in terms of a non-orthogonal coordinate system. Then, after applying appropriate scalings, the leading order equations admit a relatively simple solution in the central region of the duct cross section. First-order corrections with respect to the duct curvature and aspect ratio parameters are also obtained for this region. Additional correction terms are needed to ensure that no slip and no penetration conditions are satisfied on the side walls. Our solutions allow for a top wall shape that varies with respect to the radial coordinate which allows us to study the flow in a variety of cross-sectional shapes, including trapezoidal-shaped ducts that have been studied experimentally. At leading order, the flow is found to depend on the local height and slope of the top wall within the central region. The solutions are compared with numerical approximations of a classical Dean flow and are found to be in good agreement for a small duct aspect ratio and a slowly varying and small curvature. We conclude that the slowly varying curvature typical of spiral microfluidic devices has a negligible impact on the flow in the sense that locally the flow does not differ significantly from the classical Dean flow through a duct having the same curvature.

  6. Clinical and ultrasound results after aortic valve replacement: intermediate-term follow-up with the St. Jude Medical prosthesis.

    PubMed

    Montalescot, G; Thomas, D; Drobinski, G; Evans, J I; Vicaut, E; Chatellier, G; Whyte, R I; Busquet, P; Bejean-Lebuisson, A; Grosgogeat, Y

    1989-07-01

    Mortality, morbidity, quality of life, and left ventricular (LV) function were evaluated in 49 patients after aortic valve replacement with the St. Jude prosthesis. Total follow-up was 2577 patient-months; survivors were followed-up for 4 to 7 years by clinical examination and echocardiography. The actuarial survival rate at 6 years was 79.6%, and there were no valve-related deaths. The linearized rates for thromboembolism and hemorrhage were 0.93% and 3.26% per patient-year, respectively. In 34% of the survivors the quality of life was poor. In the first three postoperative months, patients with aortic stenosis (n = 12) had a significant decrease in the muscle cross-sectional area (p less than 0.01) and patients with aortic regurgitation (n = 11) had decreases in both LV end-diastolic diameter (p less than 0.05) and cross-sectional area (p less than 0.001). All of these results were maintained at 5 years without modification of LV systolic function. Despite the good overall results, six patients deteriorated and had major LV dilatation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified two independent preoperative variables associated with a poor outcome defined as death of LV dysfunction (p less than 0.05): age and end-diastolic diameter. Thus meticulous follow-up showed a high incidence of hemorrhage and a poor quality of life in many of the survivors. It was concluded that in high-risk patients (age and end-diastolic diameter) surgery should probably be considered earlier.

  7. [What kind of ethical education for pharmacists is necessary? Can "the core curriculum model for pharmacology education" provide the needed guidance?].

    PubMed

    Matsuda, Jun

    2009-07-01

    Section A of "The core curriculum model for pharmacy education" (2002)- "Learning about Humanism"- outlines the educational contents for ethics in pharmaceutical departments. People who read this section are likely to conclude that the cultivation of human sensitivity is of prime importance in ethics education in pharmacy. However, if a pharmacist found herself or himself on the horns of a moral dilemma during clinical practice, she/he may discover that human sensitivity alone may not provide the answer. When searching for ethically appropriate conduct in concrete cases, both moral insight and good judgment are necessary. The main contents of ethics education in a pharmaceutical department should be instruction in the ethics of medicine and pharmacy and practical exercises in handling moral dilemmas that pharmacists might encounter in actual situations. "Humanism" implies not only humanitarianism but also anthropocentricism. Plants, animals, and ecological systems are considered to be objects of ethical concern in some contemporary ethics, such as L. Siep's "Concrete Ethics (Konkrete Ethik, 2004)". The pharmacist's job specifications require her or him to treat laboratory animals ethically and to have environmental consciousness. Humanism-based ethics are too narrow for pharmacy ethics. Pharmacy students should learn a more comprehensive ethics that covers social ethics, bioethics, and environmental ethics. Such ethics and moral training should be given, especially, both before and after long-term practical training in hospitals and pharmacies.

  8. The Importance of History and the Role of the Teacher.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lerner, Gerda

    1987-01-01

    Provides rationale for history instruction. History is necessary because human beings need to "locate their individual lives in a chain of generations." Stresses history instruction as storytelling, featuring lives of people from the past. Recommends the use of biographies, primary sources, and social history. Concludes with a section on…

  9. 76 FR 14110 - Order Regarding Review of FASB Accounting Support Fee for 2011 Under Section 109 of the Sarbanes...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-15

    ... recognize, as generally accepted for purposes of the securities laws, any accounting principles established... policy statement concluding that the Financial Accounting Standards Board (``FASB'') and its parent organization, the Financial Accounting Foundation (``FAF''), satisfied the criteria for an accounting standard...

  10. 50 CFR 228.13 - Determination to cancel the hearing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Determination to cancel the hearing. 228.13 Section 228.13 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND...) REGULATIONS § 228.13 Determination to cancel the hearing. (a) If the presiding officer concludes that no...

  11. 21 CFR 71.25 - Condition for certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Condition for certification. 71.25 Section 71.25 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL COLOR... Commissioner cannot conclude from the information before him that there is a basis for exempting a color...

  12. 21 CFR 71.25 - Condition for certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Condition for certification. 71.25 Section 71.25 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL COLOR... Commissioner cannot conclude from the information before him that there is a basis for exempting a color...

  13. 21 CFR 71.25 - Condition for certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Condition for certification. 71.25 Section 71.25 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL COLOR... Commissioner cannot conclude from the information before him that there is a basis for exempting a color...

  14. 21 CFR 71.25 - Condition for certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Condition for certification. 71.25 Section 71.25 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL COLOR... Commissioner cannot conclude from the information before him that there is a basis for exempting a color...

  15. 40 CFR 176.7 - Information needed to establish a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... to the pesticide chemical residue. EPA will base its determination upon data submitted by the applicant and other readily available data. If, taking into account the limited duration and emergency nature of a section 18 application, and based on the available data the Agency cannot conclude that there...

  16. Citizen's Guide to Sustainable Development.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Corson, Walter H., Ed.

    This book is intended as a working guide for the citizen interested in understanding global environmental issues and taking action to confront them. Fourteen "issue" chapters document major changes resulting from the rapid growth of human numbers and their impacts on Earth's resources. Each chapter concludes with a resource section that…

  17. Principles and Practices for Championship Performances in Wheelchair Track Events.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Practical Pointers, 1979

    1979-01-01

    The booklet discusses training methods and approaches for wheelchair track and field. Detailed information and charts are presented on types of workouts (such as interval, distance, rhythm, speed play, and pace work) and mechanics of track events. A section on relay strategy and coaching approaches concludes the document. (CL)

  18. An Introductory Packet on Violence Prevention and Safe Schools

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Center for Mental Health in Schools at UCLA, 2007

    2007-01-01

    This publication presents a collection of resources on violence prevention and safe schools. This document contains the following parts: (1) Introduction; (2) A Few Resource Aids; (3) Public Policy and Funding Opportunities; (4) More Resource Aids on Violence Prevention and Safe Schools; and (5) Concluding Comment. Individual sections contain…

  19. Review of Research: Teacher Questioning Behavior in Science Classrooms.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Blosser, Patricia E.

    Selected for this review are dissertations and other research reports related to science teacher questioning behavior, with particular emphasis on those studies designed to help teachers change their questioning behavior. Summarizing the section on observational studies (N=11), the author concludes that science teachers appear to function…

  20. The Skipper's Course.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Coast Guard, Washington, DC.

    This book is a self-instructional program for learning boating safety rules and practices. A "quick quiz" is presented at the end of each topic of information (usually every page), and a review concludes each of the major sections, which are: (1) Prelude to Boating--overview, classes of boats, safe boat trailering; (2) Safety Afloat--presailing…

  1. 10 CFR 810.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... “production accelerator” and which is designed or used for the purpose of producing or processing special... means an agreement with another nation or group of nations concluded under sections 123 or 124 of the..., designed or used to sustain nuclear fission in a self-supporting chain reaction. Open meeting means a...

  2. 10 CFR 13.4 - Investigation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Investigation. 13.4 Section 13.4 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES § 13.4 Investigation. (a) If an investigating official concludes that... Operations for enforcement action under the Atomic Energy Act, or to defer initiating an investigation or...

  3. 40 CFR 790.26 - Initiation and completion of rulemaking proceedings on ITC-designated chemicals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... proceedings on ITC-designated chemicals. 790.26 Section 790.26 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... completion of rulemaking proceedings on ITC-designated chemicals. (a) Where EPA concludes that a consensus... novel issues that require additional Agency review and opportunity for public comment, the Agency may...

  4. 42 CFR 137.239 - If the withdrawing Indian Tribe elects to operate PSFAs carried out under a compact or funding...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., is the resulting contract considered a mature contract under section 4(h) of the Act [25 U.S.C. 450b... agreement under Title V through a contract under Title I, is the resulting contract considered a mature... Title I, the resulting contract is considered a mature contract under section 4(h) of the Act [25 U.S.C...

  5. 42 CFR 137.239 - If the withdrawing Indian Tribe elects to operate PSFAs carried out under a compact or funding...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., is the resulting contract considered a mature contract under section 4(h) of the Act [25 U.S.C. 450b... agreement under Title V through a contract under Title I, is the resulting contract considered a mature... Title I, the resulting contract is considered a mature contract under section 4(h) of the Act [25 U.S.C...

  6. 42 CFR 137.239 - If the withdrawing Indian Tribe elects to operate PSFAs carried out under a compact or funding...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., is the resulting contract considered a mature contract under section 4(h) of the Act [25 U.S.C. 450b... agreement under Title V through a contract under Title I, is the resulting contract considered a mature... Title I, the resulting contract is considered a mature contract under section 4(h) of the Act [25 U.S.C...

  7. The impact of vibrational Raman scattering of air on DOAS measurements of atmospheric trace gases

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lampel, J.; Frieß, U.; Platt, U.

    2015-09-01

    In remote sensing applications, such as differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), atmospheric scattering processes need to be considered. After inelastic scattering on N2 and O2 molecules, the scattered photons occur as additional intensity at a different wavelength, effectively leading to "filling-in" of both solar Fraunhofer lines and absorptions of atmospheric constituents, if the inelastic scattering happens after the absorption. Measured spectra in passive DOAS applications are typically corrected for rotational Raman scattering (RRS), also called Ring effect, which represents the main contribution to inelastic scattering. Inelastic scattering can also occur in liquid water, and its influence on DOAS measurements has been observed over clear ocean water. In contrast to that, vibrational Raman scattering (VRS) of N2 and O2 has often been thought to be negligible, but it also contributes. Consequences of VRS are red-shifted Fraunhofer structures in scattered light spectra and filling-in of Fraunhofer lines, additional to RRS. At 393 nm, the spectral shift is 25 and 40 nm for VRS of O2 and N2, respectively. We describe how to calculate VRS correction spectra according to the Ring spectrum. We use the VRS correction spectra in the spectral range of 420-440 nm to determine the relative magnitude of the cross-sections of VRS of O2 and N2 and RRS of air. The effect of VRS is shown for the first time in spectral evaluations of Multi-Axis DOAS data from the SOPRAN M91 campaign and the MAD-CAT MAX-DOAS intercomparison campaign. The measurements yield in agreement with calculated scattering cross-sections that the observed VRS(N2) cross-section at 393 nm amounts to 2.3 ± 0.4 % of the cross-section of RRS at 433 nm under tropospheric conditions. The contribution of VRS(O2) is also found to be in agreement with calculated scattering cross-sections. It is concluded, that this phenomenon has to be included in the spectral evaluation of weak absorbers as it reduces the measurement error significantly and can cause apparent differential optical depth of up to 3 ×10-4. Its influence on the spectral retrieval of IO, glyoxal, water vapour and NO2 in the blue wavelength range is evaluated for M91. For measurements with a large Ring signal a significant and systematic bias of NO2 dSCDs (differential slant column densities) up to (-3.8 ± 0.4) × 1014 molec cm-2 is observed if this effect is not considered. The effect is typically negligible for DOAS fits with an RMS (root mean square) larger than 4 × 10-4.

  8. Quintessential inflation from a variable cosmological constant in a 5D vacuum

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Membiela, Agustin; Bellini, Mauricio

    2006-10-01

    We explore an effective 4D cosmological model for the universe where the variable cosmological constant governs its evolution and the pressure remains negative along all the expansion. This model is introduced from a 5D vacuum state where the (space-like) extra coordinate is considered as noncompact. The expansion is produced by the inflaton field, which is considered as nonminimally coupled to gravity. We conclude from experimental data that the coupling of the inflaton with gravity should be weak, but variable in different epochs of the evolution of the universe.

  9. Design and evaluation of an onboard computer-based information system for aircraft

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rouse, S. H.; Rouse, W. B.; Hammer, J. M.

    1982-01-01

    Information seeking by human operators of technical systems is considered. Types of information and forms of presentation are discussed and important issues reviewed. This broad discussion provides a framework within which flight management is considered. The design of an onboard computer-based information system for aircraft is discussed. The aiding possibilities of a computer-based system are emphasized. Results of an experimental evaluation of a prototype system are presented. It is concluded that a computer-based information system can substantially lessen the frequency of human errors.

  10. Cigarette taxation in China: lessons from international experiences

    PubMed Central

    Hu, T.

    1997-01-01

    This paper draws upon the experiences of foreign countries in implementing tobacco taxation to provide lessons the Chinese government can use when considering the feasibility of raising additional taxes on cigarettes. Based on current international data and Chinese published data, this paper concludes that there is still leeway to raise existing taxes. The Chinese government should consider conducting some pilot experiments in tobacco tax increases, with some of the new revenues allocated for tobacco control programmes as well as for financing healthcare services among the poor. 


 PMID:9291224

  11. On the edge of a deep biosphere: Real animals in extreme environments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Childress, James J.; Fisher, Charles F.; Felbeck, Horst; Girguis, Peter

    This paper considers the possibility of animals living in a subsurface environment on the global mid-ocean ridge system. It considers the possible environments and looks at the possibilities of animal inhabitants of the subsurface biosphere based on adaptations of animals to other extreme habitats. We conclude that there are known bridging inhabitants of the subsurface biosphere, that part-time inhabitants are extremely likely, and that there could be full-time inhabitants if conditions are stable within the tolerance limits of metazoans for time periods of months.

  12. Dengue encephalitis

    PubMed Central

    Borawake, Kapil; Prayag, Parikshit; Wagh, Atul; Dole, Swati

    2011-01-01

    We report a case of dengue fever with features of encephalitis. The diagnosis of dengue was confirmed by the serum antibodies to dengue and the presence of a dengue antigen in the cerebrospinal fluid. This patient had characteristic magnetic resonance imaging brain findings, mainly involving the bilateral thalami, with hemorrhage. Dengue is not primarily a neurotropic virus and encephalopathy is a common finding in Dengue. Hence various other etiological possibilities were considered before concluding this as a case of Dengue encephalitis. This case explains the importance of considering the diagnosis of dengue encephalitis in appropriate situations. PMID:22013316

  13. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    No, author

    This report summarizes the outcome of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) contract DE-OE0000543, requesting the design of a Cryptographic Key Management System (CKMS) for the secure management of cryptographic keys for the energy sector infrastructure. Prime contractor Sypris Electronics, in collaboration with Oak Ridge National Laboratories (ORNL), Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Valicore Technologies, and Purdue University's Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security (CERIAS) and Smart Meter Integration Laboratory (SMIL), has designed, developed and evaluated the CKMS solution. We provide an overview of the project in Section 3, review the core contributions of all contractors inmore » Section 4, and discuss bene ts to the DOE in Section 5. In Section 6 we describe the technical construction of the CKMS solution, and review its key contributions in Section 6.9. Section 7 describes the evaluation and demonstration of the CKMS solution in different environments. We summarize the key project objectives in Section 8, list publications resulting from the project in Section 9, and conclude with a discussion on commercialization in Section 10 and future work in Section 11.« less

  14. Assessment of negotiation options for coal-lease sales

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rothkopf, M.H.; McGuire, C.B.

    The Commission on Fair Market Value Policy for Federal Coal Leasing recommended that the government have authority to negotiate a fair price for coal leases when competitive bids cannot be obtained. This report analyzes the choices the government faces in designing a coal lease sale mechanism. It considers the impact of the alternatives on economic efficiency, government revenue, administrative workability, fairness and the appearance of fairness. The report concludes that there are advantageous ways for the government to negotiate coal leases when there is only one serious potential bidder for a lease. First, the report notes the advantages of negotiatingmore » exchanges that leave the government with economically logical potentially minable tracts. It also notes the advantages of negotiating shares for the ''cooperative leasing'' by auction of such tracts. For other one bidder tracts, the report concludes that there are potential advantages to ease negotiation provided that: (1) all negotiations are tentative subject to ''validation'' of their one bidder nature in a post-negotiation formal sale process, (2) the government negotiate on more leases than it will conclude, using whenever possible, a ''round-robin'' negotiation procedure, (3) government employees and not independent agents negotiate for the government, and (4) negotiations are narrowly confined to the amount of bonus. The report also suggests that the government may wish to consider use of final-offer arbitration on those leases, such as bypasses, on which both the government and the private party have high interest in reaching an agreement.« less

  15. Modelling and Analysis of the Excavation Phase by the Theory of Blocks Method of Tunnel 4 Kherrata Gorge, Algeria

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Boukarm, Riadh; Houam, Abdelkader; Fredj, Mohammed; Boucif, Rima

    2017-12-01

    The aim of our work is to check the stability during excavation tunnel work in the rock mass of Kherrata, connecting the cities of Bejaia to Setif. The characterization methods through the Q system (method of Barton), RMR (Bieniawski classification) allowed us to conclude that the quality of rock mass is average in limestone, and poor in fractured limestone. Then modelling of excavation phase using the theory of blocks method (Software UNWEDGE) with the parameters from the recommendations of classification allowed us to check stability and to finally conclude that the use of geomechanical classification and the theory of blocks can be considered reliable in preliminary design.

  16. Use of Irradiated Foods

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Brynjolfsson, A.

    1985-01-01

    The safety of irradiated foods is reviewed. Guidelines and regulations for processing irradiated foods are considered. The radiolytic products formed in food when it is irradiated and its wholesomeness is discussed. It is concluded that food irradiation processing is not a panacea for all problems in food processing but when properly used will serve the space station well.

  17. Mainstreaming Gender Analysis Into Science

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schiebinger, Londa

    This essay considers the question, Has feminism changed science? After three decades of active research, what new insights, questions, and priorities have feminists - men or women - brought to the sciences? The author provides examples of change from three areas: women's health research, primatology, and archaeology. The essay concludes with a discussion of mainstreaming gender analysis into science.

  18. The Legal Effect of College and University Policies Prohibiting Romantic Relationships between Students and Professors.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hutchens, Neal

    2003-01-01

    Examines motivations prompting colleges and universities to adopt consensual relationship policies. Considers the continuum of standards available and contemplates the form of potential legal challenges. Concludes that clearly grounding a policy to a school's educational mission results in a policy arguably better able to withstand legal scrutiny.…

  19. The Effects of Aging on Faculty Productivity. ASHE 1985 Annual Meeting Paper.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kallio, Ruth E.; Ging, Terry J.

    The relationship between productivity and aging in the context of the college faculty roles of teaching, research, and service is considered, based on a literature review on worker and faculty productivity and on theories of aging (i.e., biological, physiological, psychological, and sociological perspectives). It is concluded that faculty…

  20. Does Economics Education Make Bad Citizens? The Effect of Economics Education in Japan

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Iida, Yoshio; Oda, Sobei H.

    2011-01-01

    Does studying economics discourage students' cooperative mind? Several surveys conducted in the United States have concluded that the answer is yes. The authors conducted a series of economic experiments and questionnaires to consider the question in Japan. The results of the prisoner's dilemma experiment and public goods questionnaires showed no…

  1. Considering Trilingual Education. Routledge Research in Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Henn-Reinke, Kathryn

    2012-01-01

    Based in case studies conducted in the US, Europe, and Latin America, this book explores the feasibility and benefits of trilingual/multilingual education in the United States. Currently, there are few programs in the country of this nature, as educators tend to conclude that English-language learners would be overwhelmed by study in additional…

  2. The Mechanisms and Value of Competition for Major Weapon Systems

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-04-01

    technology. MUOS is intended to replace the Ultra-High Frequency Follow-On system ( UFO ), which was fielded between 1993 and 2003. Launch of the first......performance on the UFO system was considered an outstanding success. Based on rather limited evidence, Scearce concludes that Boeing’s bid for MUOS was based

  3. Shakespeare for All Time.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Duprez, Judy

    2002-01-01

    Considers why some of the author's most memorable classes and teachers invoked Shakespeare and thrilled her with the performance of his words. Concludes that she does not foresee any diminution of the love for Shakespeare in this new age because humans are still possessed of all the emotions and flaws that bind and separate us. (SG)

  4. The Emergence of a Root Metaphor in Modern Physics: Max Planck's "Quantum" Metaphor.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Johnson-Sheehan, Richard D.

    1997-01-01

    Uses metaphorical analysis to determine whether or not Max Planck invented the quantum postulate. Demonstrates how metaphorical analysis can be used to analyze the rhetoric of revolutionary texts in science. Concludes that, in his original 1900 quantum paper, Planck considered the quantum postulate to be important, but not revolutionary. (PA)

  5. Opinion piece: genomics and crop plant science in Europe.

    PubMed

    Hughes, Steve

    2006-01-01

    Recent report reviews and funding initiatives in the field of plant genomic research are considered in the context of their translation into practical and economic value via plant breeding. It is concluded that there is a deficit in investment and that a change in working styles towards knowledge sharing and connectivity is required.

  6. Student Finance, Information and Decision Making

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mangan, Jean; Hughes, Amanda; Slack, Kim

    2010-01-01

    Since the recent changes in the system of student finance in England, studies focusing on the impact of increased debt and the effect of the bursary system have concluded that the chances of achieving stated policy objectives in relation to widening and increasing levels of participation have been reduced. This study considers the full financial…

  7. Male Students' Separate Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sheymardanov, Shamil

    2018-01-01

    The paper deals with application of separate education theory as a factor contributing to the increase in the level of the male students' training. The topicality of the paper is concluded in the fact that in the modern society the pedagogical concept of separate education is considered to be outdated. Alongside with that, some experiments in…

  8. Fate of acetone in water

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Rathbun, R.E.; Stephens, D.W.; Shultz, D.J.

    1982-01-01

    The physical, chemical, and biological processes that might affect the concentration of acetone in water were investigated in laboratory studies. Processes considered included volatilization, adsorption by sediments, photodecomposition, bacterial degradation, and absorption by algae and molds. It was concluded that volatilization and bacterial degradation were the dominant processes determining the fate of acetone in streams and rivers. ?? 1982.

  9. The Theater of Terror: Effects of Press Coverage.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Weimann, Gabriel

    1983-01-01

    Compared attitudes before and after students read press clippings describing two separate terrorist incidents. Found that students exposed to press coverage tended to consider the event more noteworthy and to call for a solution. Concluded that press attention enhances the status of the people, problem, or cause behind a terrorist event. (PD)

  10. What Does It Mean to Be Accountable When One Is a Divorced, Noncustodial Father?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Browne, Lorna

    This paper explores what divorced, noncustodial fathers may be considered responsible for in society and the possible consequences such accountability may have for educators. The resistance that noncustodial fathers may find to their involvement with their childrens education at their children's schools in highlighted. The author concludes by…

  11. The Structure of PhD Conclusion Chapters

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bunton, David

    2005-01-01

    This paper considers the generic structure of "Conclusion" chapters in PhD theses or dissertations. From a corpus of 45 PhD theses covering a range of disciplines, chapters playing a concluding role were identified and analysed for their functional moves and steps. Most "Conclusions" were found to restate purpose, consolidate research space with a…

  12. Social Narrative Strategies to Support Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Coogle, Christan Grygas; Ahmed, Siddiq; Aljaffal, Mohammed Abdulaziz; Alsheef, Manal Yousef; Hamdi, Hamad Ali

    2018-01-01

    The purpose of this manuscript is to identify social narrative strategies that can be used to enhance the social skills of young children identified with autism spectrum disorder. We provide a description as well as scenarios describing how educators might consider using social narrative strategies. We conclude with resources to attain additional…

  13. Experimental uncertainty survey and assessment. [Space Shuttle Main Engine testing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Coleman, Hugh W.

    1992-01-01

    An uncertainty analysis and assessment of the specific impulse determination during Space Shuttle Main Engine testing is reported. It is concluded that in planning and designing tests and in interpreting the results of tests, the bias and precision components of experimental uncertainty should be considered separately. Recommendations for future research efforts are presented.

  14. Missing Data and Institutional Research

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Croninger, Robert G.; Douglas, Karen M.

    2005-01-01

    Many do not consider the effect that missing data have on their survey results nor do they know how to handle missing data. This chapter offers strategies for handling item-missing data and provides a practical example of how these strategies may affect results. The chapter concludes with recommendations for preventing and dealing with missing…

  15. Job Satisfaction among Faculty of Color in Academe: Individual Survivors or Institutional Transformers?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Laden, Berta Vigil; Hagedorn, Linda Serra

    2000-01-01

    Discusses satisfaction and issues pertaining to job retention among college faculty of color. Considers their satisfaction in environments where they are a minority, their perseverance and survival in tenure and promotion, reactions to a nonsupportive environment, and specific factors contributing to job satisfaction. Concludes that faculty of…

  16. Conversations with Technical Writing Teachers: Defining a Problem.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Selting, Bonita R.

    2002-01-01

    Considers if teaching technology is problematic for technical writing instructors. Presents ideas of 64 Association of Teachers of Technical Writing (ATTW) members who were queried on their roles as teachers of technical writing in relation to the demands made upon them to also be teachers of technology skills. Concludes with a call for more…

  17. Multilevel Modeling and Ordinary Least Squares Regression: How Comparable Are They?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Huang, Francis L.

    2018-01-01

    Studies analyzing clustered data sets using both multilevel models (MLMs) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression have generally concluded that resulting point estimates, but not the standard errors, are comparable with each other. However, the accuracy of the estimates of OLS models is important to consider, as several alternative techniques…

  18. Hearing loss and employment in the United States.

    PubMed

    Kooser, Cathy

    2013-01-01

    This Sounding Board article will briefly review the biopsychosocial impact of hearing loss. It will consider the individual and employment; the laws supporting employment and the current vocational rehabilitation system assisting people with hearing loss remain in the workplace. It concludes with the author's suggestion of three systematic changes to enhance the employee's workplace success.

  19. Gender Bias in Alberta Social Studies 30 Examinations: Cause and Effect.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Walter, Connie; Young, Beth

    1997-01-01

    Reports on an exploration of gender bias in the multiple-choice portions of six Canadian social studies examinations. Considers the lack of women's experiences reflected in the questions, formal content, and epistemological stance. Concludes that gender biases do exist in the questions and may have contributed to differences in achievement. (MJP)

  20. Child Protection, Public Services and the Chimera of Market Force Efficiency.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Barker, Richard W.

    1996-01-01

    Describes child protection systems in England and ongoing changes in their services. Considers effects of a market force approach on the organization of child protection services in relation to coordination versus fragmentation and profit versus professionalism. Concludes that the idea that a market force approach to child protection will lead to…

  1. Democratic School Turnarounds: Pursuing Equity and Learning from Evidence

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Trujillo, Tina; Renée, Michelle

    2013-01-01

    the report "Democratic School Turnarounds" considers the democratic tensions inherent in the federal School Improvement Grant (SIG) policy's market-based school reforms and critiques the research base that many of these reforms are based on. It concludes with a set of recommendations that re-center the purposes of public education…

  2. Individualism, Inspiration and Personal Market as Related to Education and the Workplace.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fusch, Gene E.

    A review of human investment in education considers the pivotal human capital theory in relation to complementary, replacement, and opposing hypotheses and the interrelationship of workers, education, and workplace production. Analysis of definitions of human capital concludes that it is the marketable value of an individual that additional…

  3. A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Design Methodologies in a Secondary School Setting.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cannizzaro, Brenton; Boughton, Doug

    1998-01-01

    Examines the effectiveness of the analysis-synthesis and generator-conjuncture-analysis models of design education. Concludes that the generator-conjecture-analysis design method produced student design product of a slightly higher standard than the analysis-synthesis design method. Discusses the findings in more detail and considers implications.…

  4. 16 CFR § 1500.17 - Banned hazardous substances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ...) Voluntary standard. (1) One alternative to the tip-angle requirement that the Commission considered is to... Multiple Shot requires that large multiple-tube devices not tip over (except as the result of the last shot) when shot on a 2-inch thick medium-density foam pad. The Commission cannot conclude that AFSL's...

  5. Integrating Poetry and "To Kill a Mockingbird."

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jolley, Susan Arpajian

    2002-01-01

    Outlines a method of teaching "To Kill a Mockingbird" along with the study of poetry. Notes that this method allows students to consider the themes of courage and developing compassion. Concludes that teaching such a multigenre unit allows students to look for connections among fact and fiction, the past and present, their own lives and…

  6. Research in Technology Education: Looking Back to Move Forward

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Williams, P. John

    2013-01-01

    This paper attempts to summarize the focus of the research that has recently taken place in Technology Education, and from that basis suggest a trajectory for future research trends. Some research that is considered particularly seminal to the profession is summarised, and the paper is concluded with some reflections about personal research…

  7. Striving To Build a Community of Readers.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gasaway, Rebecca W.

    2001-01-01

    Describes Reading Eating and Discussing (R.E.A.D.), a teacher book club that was developed in the North Spencer (Indiana) School Corporation in 1997. Discusses several benefits of the R.E.A.D. program. Considers how the program has been an integral factor in increasing teacher-student conversations about reading. Concludes that the program has…

  8. Developing Aesthetic Judgement: Art History in the Context of Adult Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brown, Kathryn; Brownhill, Robert

    1998-01-01

    In considering whether adult art history education should focus on developing expertise or transferable skills, the nature of aesthetic judgment is examined through the teaching of Italian Renaissance art. Concludes that development of visual awareness has wider educational value in its applicability to the assessment and critique of the social…

  9. Democracy and Education: Liberty & Justice for All?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    O'Malley, Rev. Michael

    2003-01-01

    Discusses that nonpublic education is a valid option for many, but they do not have the liberties that upper middle class families enjoy. Points out that poor people should enjoy the same educational benefits as others. Concludes that leaders should consider non-public schools as valid as the public schools. Contains 2 references. (MZ)

  10. Evaluation of discrepancies between thermoluminescent dosimeter and direct-reading dosimeter results

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Shaw, K.R.

    1993-07-01

    Currently at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the responses of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and direct-reading dosimeters (DRDs) are not officially compared or the discrepancies investigated. However, both may soon be required due to the new US Department of Energy (DOE) Radiological Control Manual. In the past, unofficial comparisons of the two dosimeters have led to discrepancies of up to 200%. This work was conducted to determine the reasons behind such discrepancies. For tests conducted with the TLDs, the reported dose was most often lower than the delivered dose, while DRDs most often responded higher than the delivered dose. Trends weremore » identified in personnel DRD readings, and ft was concluded that more training and more control of the DRDs could improve their response. TLD responses have already begun to be improved; a new background subtraction method was implemented in April 1993, and a new dose algorithm is being considered. It was concluded that the DOE Radiological Control Manual requirements are reasonable for identifying discrepancies between dosimeter types, and more stringent administrative limits might even be considered.« less

  11. International stem cell tourism and the need for effective regulation. Part II: Developing sound oversight measures and effective patient support.

    PubMed

    Cohen, Cynthia B; Cohen, Peter J

    2010-09-01

    Part I of this article, published in the March 2010 issue of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, traces and addresses the provision of unproven stem cell treatments in Russia and India, examines the concept of innovative treatment, and concludes that stronger regulations are needed to protect the health and informed choices of patients. The current paper, Part II, proposes that the regulatory frameworks for the development of safe and efficacious treatments in effect in the United States and the United Kingdom provide examples of strong oversight measures from which countries seeking to obtain international credibility for their biotechnological competence could draw when developing regulations for stem cell treatments. Major sources of information available to persons who consider receiving such unproven treatments are explored in order to understand and address their concerns. The paper concludes with proposed measures to inform those considering the pursuit of unproven stem cell treatments abroad more accurately about their efficacy and safety and provide them with improved medical and social support in their home countries.

  12. 28 CFR 51.53 - Information considered.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Information considered. 51.53 Section 51.53 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) PROCEDURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF SECTION 5 OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965, AS AMENDED Determinations by the Attorney General § 51.53...

  13. 28 CFR 51.53 - Information considered.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Information considered. 51.53 Section 51.53 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) PROCEDURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF SECTION 5 OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965, AS AMENDED Determinations by the Attorney General § 51.53...

  14. A predictive transport modeling code for ICRF-heated tokamaks

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Phillips, C.K.; Hwang, D.Q.; Houlberg, W.

    In this report, a detailed description of the physic included in the WHIST/RAZE package as well as a few illustrative examples of the capabilities of the package will be presented. An in depth analysis of ICRF heating experiments using WHIST/RAZE will be discussed in a forthcoming report. A general overview of philosophy behind the structure of the WHIST/RAZE package, a summary of the features of the WHIST code, and a description of the interface to the RAZE subroutines are presented in section 2 of this report. Details of the physics contained in the RAZE code are examined in section 3.more » Sample results from the package follow in section 4, with concluding remarks and a discussion of possible improvements to the package discussed in section 5.« less

  15. Section 525(a) of the bankruptcy code plainly does not apply to Medicare provider agreements.

    PubMed

    Sperow, E H

    2001-01-01

    Section 525(a) of the Bankruptcy Code prevents government entities from discriminating against debtors based on the debtor's bankruptcy filing. This Article analyzes how this provision is applied to healthcare providers who file for bankruptcy. Some commentators have expressed concerns that because of Section 525, the federal government is unable to deny a bankrupt provider a new Medicare provider agreement due to the debtor's failure to pay debts discharged during bankruptcy. This Article, however, argues that Section 525 does not apply to a provider agreements because it is not a "license, permit, charter, franchise, or other similar grant" as defined by the statute. Therefore, the author concludes that debtor healthcare providers should not be allowed back into the Medicare program without first paying their statutorily required debts.

  16. A predictive transport modeling code for ICRF-heated tokamaks

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Phillips, C.K.; Hwang, D.Q.; Houlberg, W.

    1992-02-01

    In this report, a detailed description of the physic included in the WHIST/RAZE package as well as a few illustrative examples of the capabilities of the package will be presented. An in depth analysis of ICRF heating experiments using WHIST/RAZE will be discussed in a forthcoming report. A general overview of philosophy behind the structure of the WHIST/RAZE package, a summary of the features of the WHIST code, and a description of the interface to the RAZE subroutines are presented in section 2 of this report. Details of the physics contained in the RAZE code are examined in section 3.more » Sample results from the package follow in section 4, with concluding remarks and a discussion of possible improvements to the package discussed in section 5.« less

  17. Different classes of antibiotics given to women routinely for preventing infection at caesarean section.

    PubMed

    Gyte, Gillian M I; Dou, Lixia; Vazquez, Juan C

    2014-11-17

    Caesarean section increases the risk of postpartum infection for women and prophylactic antibiotics have been shown to reduce the incidence; however, there are adverse effects. It is important to identify the most effective class of antibiotics to use and those with the least adverse effects. To determine, from the best available evidence, the balance of benefits and harms between different classes of antibiotic given prophylactically to women undergoing caesarean section. We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (30 September 2014) and reference lists of retrieved papers. We included randomised controlled trials comparing different classes of prophylactic antibiotics given to women undergoing caesarean section. We excluded trials that compared drugs with placebo or drugs within a specific class; these are assessed in other Cochrane reviews. Two review authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and carried out data extraction. We included 35 studies of which 31 provided data on 7697 women. For the main comparison between cephalosporins versus penicillins, there were 30 studies of which 27 provided data on 7299 women. There was a lack of good quality data and important outcomes often included only small numbers of women.For the comparison of a single cephalosporin versus a single penicillin (Comparison 1 subgroup 1), we found no significant difference between these classes of antibiotics for our chosen most important seven outcomes namely: maternal sepsis - there were no women with sepsis in the two studies involving 346 women; maternal endometritis (risk ratio (RR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81 to 1.52, nine studies, 3130 women, random effects, moderate quality of the evidence); maternal wound infection (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.81, nine studies, 1497 women, random effects, low quality of the evidence), maternal urinary tract infection (RR 1.48, 95% CI 0.89 to 2.48, seven studies, 1120 women, low quality of the evidence) and maternal composite adverse effects (RR 2.02, 95% CI 0.18 to 21.96, three studies, 1902 women, very low quality of the evidence). None of the included studies looked for infant sepsis nor infant oral thrush.This meant we could only conclude that the current evidence shows no overall difference between the different classes of antibiotics in terms of reducing maternal infections after caesarean sections. However, none of the studies reported on infections diagnosed after the initial postoperative hospital stay. We were unable to assess what impact, if any, the use of different classes of antibiotics might have on bacterial resistance. Based on the best currently available evidence, cephalosporins and penicillins have similar efficacy at caesarean section when considering immediate postoperative infections. We have no data for outcomes on the baby, nor on late infections (up to 30 days) in the mother. Clinicians need to consider bacterial resistance and women's individual circumstances.

  18. Microgravity: a Teacher's Guide with Activities, Secondary Level

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Vogt, Gregory L. (Editor); Wargo, Michael J. (Editor)

    1992-01-01

    This NASA Educational Publication is a teacher's guide that focuses on microgravity for the secondary level student. The introduction answers the question 'What is microgravity?', as well as describing gravity and creating microgravity. Following the introduction is a microgravity primer which covers such topics as the fluid state, combustion science, materials science, biotechnology, as well as microgravity and space flight. Seven different activities are described in the activities section and are written by authors prominent in the field. The concluding sections of the book include a glossary, microgravity references, and NASA educational resources.

  19. 26 CFR 1.338-3 - Qualification for the section 338 election.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 318(a)(2)(C) (i.e., 4 × .75). The remaining 9 shares of T stock purchased by P from R on December 1 of... considered owned by P under section 318(a)(2)(C) (i.e., 4 × .5). For purposes of this attribution, the R... that date was first considered owned by P under section 318(a)(2)(C) (i.e., (4 × .75)−2). The remaining...

  20. Aeronautic Instruments. Section II : Altitude Instruments

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mears, A H; Henrickson, H B; Brombacher, W G

    1923-01-01

    This report is Section two of a series of reports on aeronautic instruments (Technical Report nos. 125 to 132, inclusive). This section discusses briefly barometric altitude determinations, and describes in detail the principal types of altimeters and barographs used in aeronautics during the recent war. This is followed by a discussion of performance requirements for such instruments and an account of the methods of testing developed by the Bureau of Standards. The report concludes with a brief account of the results of recent investigations. For accurate measurements of altitude, reference must also be made to thermometer readings of atmospheric temperature, since the altitude is not fixed by atmospheric pressure alone. This matter is discussed in connection with barometric altitude determination.

  1. Dissociative and double photoionization of CO2 from threshold to 90 A

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Masuoka, T.; Samson, J. A. R.

    1979-01-01

    The molecular photoionization, dissociative photoionization and double photoionization cross sections for CO2 were measured from their onsets down to 90 A by using various combinations of mass spectrometers (a coincidence time-of-flight mass spectrometer and a magnetic mass spectrometer) and light sources (synchrotron radiation, and glow and spark discharge). It is concluded that the one broad peak and the three shoulders in the total adsorption cross section curve between 640 and 90 A are caused completely by dissociative ionization processes. Several peaks observed in the cross section curve for the total fragmentation CO(+)3, O(+) and C(+) are compared with those in the photoelectron spectrum reported for CO2.

  2. A Manual on Food and Nutrition for the Disabled.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Van-Lane, Deirdre, Comp.; MacDonald, Donna

    The manual considers nutritional issues in disability. Basic nutrition principles are offered in the first section along with a table of sources and functions of nutrients in food. Section 2 considers nutrition factors associated with disabilities, including causes and treatment of obesity and underweight. Implications of diet and feeding patterns…

  3. Draft Cognitive Skills Training Program for En-Route Air Traffic Controllers.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Redding, Richard E.

    This document begins with a discussion of the cognitive task analysis (CTA) that was commissioned by the Federal Aviation Administration to identify the cognitive skills-related training needs of en-route air traffic controllers. Concluding the introductory section are a brief list of recommendations regarding the design of a training program…

  4. 77 FR 25717 - Proposed Issuance of a General NPDES Permit for Small Suction Dredging

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-01

    ... required by section 553 of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), or any other law, to publish general... entities.'' EPA has concluded that NPDES general permits are permits, not rulemakings, under the APA and thus not subject to APA rulemaking requirements or the RFA. Notwithstanding that general permits are...

  5. Birth Order and Intelligence: Together Again for the Last Time?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rodgers, Joseph Lee; Cleveland, H. Harrington; van den Oord, Edwin; Rowe, David C.

    2001-01-01

    The authors respond to critiques of their investigation of whether birth order reliably contributes to variance in intelligence, concluding that little in the critiques challenges the original position that cross-sectional data are suspect as evidence for within-family trends in intelligence. When looking inside families and directly comparing the…

  6. 76 FR 53494 - In the Matter of United States Enrichment Corporation; Paducah Gaseous Enrichment Plant...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-26

    ... removable contamination, unless otherwise authorized by Health Physics. USEC- Paducah is required by... Section V are acceptable and necessary and conclude that with these commitments the public health and safety are reasonably assured. In view of the foregoing, I have determined that public health and safety...

  7. 45 CFR 681.5 - What happens if program fraud is suspected?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false What happens if program fraud is suspected? 681.5 Section 681.5 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE... What happens if program fraud is suspected? (a) If the investigating official concludes that an action...

  8. 39 CFR 551.5 - Frequency and other limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ....C. 416. The 10-year period will commence after the sales period of the Breast Cancer Research stamp is concluded in accordance with the Stamp Out Breast Cancer Act, and as amended by the Semipostal Authorization Act, the Breast Cancer Research Stamp Act of 2001, and Public Law 107-67, section 650, 115 Stat...

  9. Towards a Theory of Schooling. Deakin Studies in Education Series, Volume 4.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hamilton, David

    This book examines long-term changes in the form and function of schooling. The work falls into three sections: an introductory chapter; five historical essays; and a concluding chapter. Chapter 1 unfolds the theoretical and practical considerations that governed the selection and organization of the historical essays. The historical essays in…

  10. Nursing III. A Course of Study. Health Occupations Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rogers, Helen V.

    This curriculum guide for instructors provides a course of study (Nursing III) requisite for the third and concluding portion of a 1-year practical nursing curriculum designed to continue opportunities for career mobility in the health occupations. Content is in three sections: (1) Medical Surgical Nursing II, (2) Mental Health Nursing, and (3)…

  11. Mentally Handicapped Persons and Immigration: A Brief Review.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Willigar, Teresa; Rempel, Judith

    The report is a critical evaluation of the Immigration Act of Canada and how it structurally and explicitly discriminates against the entry of persons with mental handicaps into Canada. Pertinent sections of the act and their application as described in selected appeal cases are analyzed. It is concluded that the Canadian immigration law actually…

  12. 39 CFR 551.5 - Frequency and other limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ....C. 416. The 10-year period will commence after the sales period of the Breast Cancer Research stamp is concluded in accordance with the Stamp Out Breast Cancer Act, and as amended by the Semipostal Authorization Act, the Breast Cancer Research Stamp Act of 2001, and Public Law 107-67, section 650, 115 Stat...

  13. RPA Assessment of Outdoor Recreation: Past, Current, and Future Directions

    Treesearch

    John C. Bergstrom; H. Ken Cordell

    1994-01-01

    In this paper, the outdoor recreation sections of the Renewable Resource Planning Act (RPA) Assessments conducted to date are reviewed. Current policy and mangement applications of the outsdoor recreation results published in 1989 Assessment are discussed also. The paper concludes with suggestions for the assemssment of outdoor recreation in future RPA Assessements...

  14. Cause, effect, and observational studies

    Treesearch

    Bill Block

    2013-01-01

    A critical niche of the Journal of Wildlife Management is to publish research that will help guide wildlife conservation. Hence, nearly every paper concludes with a Management Implications section which is the "so what'" part of the paper. In other words, how does the science reported in the paper contribute to the management and conservation of the...

  15. A Dialogue in Words and Images between Two Artists Doing Arts-Based Educational Research

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Quinn, Robert D.; Calkin, Jamie

    2008-01-01

    Over ten years ago, Tom Barone and Elliot Eisner (1997) described seven features of existing artistic approaches to educational inquiry. Their chapter dealt primarily with written, prosaic forms of Arts-Based Educational Research, or ABER, particularly educational criticism and narrative storytelling. In their concluding section, Barone and Eisner…

  16. 21 CFR 170.45 - Fluorine-containing compounds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... § 170.45 Fluorine-containing compounds. The Commissioner of Food and Drugs has concluded that it is in the interest of the public health to limit the addition of fluorine compounds to foods (a) to that... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2010-04-01 2009-04-01 true Fluorine-containing compounds. 170.45 Section 170...

  17. Does Long-Term Marriage Bring Less Frequent Disagreements? Five Explanatory Frameworks

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hatch, Laurie Russell; Bulcroft, Kris

    2004-01-01

    Studies of marital conflict have concluded that the frequency of disagreements between spouses declines over time in a marital relationship. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the National Survey of Families and Households, the authors examine the frequency of marital disagreements concerning household tasks, money, sex, and spending…

  18. Structural Patterns in Empirical Research Articles: A Cross-Disciplinary Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lin, Ling; Evans, Stephen

    2012-01-01

    This paper presents an analysis of the major generic structures of empirical research articles (RAs), with a particular focus on disciplinary variation and the relationship between the adjacent sections in the introductory and concluding parts. The findings were derived from a close "manual" analysis of 433 recent empirical RAs from high-impact…

  19. Is Contextualised Admission the Answer to the Access Challenge?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mountford-Zimdars, Anna; Moore, Joanne; Graham, Janet

    2016-01-01

    This article reviews the idea of contextualising applicants to higher education in order to widen access. First, the meaning of contextualised admissions (CAs) is discussed before laying out the rationale for contextualising applicants and the beneficiaries of the policy. The final sections discuss key critiques of CA and conclude by arguing that…

  20. 45 CFR 681.5 - What happens if program fraud is suspected?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false What happens if program fraud is suspected? 681.5 Section 681.5 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE... What happens if program fraud is suspected? (a) If the investigating official concludes that an action...

  1. 45 CFR 681.5 - What happens if program fraud is suspected?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false What happens if program fraud is suspected? 681.5 Section 681.5 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE... What happens if program fraud is suspected? (a) If the investigating official concludes that an action...

  2. 45 CFR 681.5 - What happens if program fraud is suspected?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false What happens if program fraud is suspected? 681.5 Section 681.5 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE... What happens if program fraud is suspected? (a) If the investigating official concludes that an action...

  3. 45 CFR 681.5 - What happens if program fraud is suspected?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false What happens if program fraud is suspected? 681.5 Section 681.5 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE... What happens if program fraud is suspected? (a) If the investigating official concludes that an action...

  4. A Conceptual Change Teaching Strategy To Facilitate High School Students' Understanding of Electrochemistry.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Niaz, Mansoor; Chacon, Eleazar

    2003-01-01

    Describes a study that used a teaching strategy based on two teaching experiments which could facilitate students' conceptual understanding of electrochemistry. Involves two sections (n=29 and n=28) of 10th grade high school students in Venezuela. Concludes that the teaching experiments facilitated student understanding of electrochemistry.…

  5. 40 CFR 721.185 - Limitation or revocation of certain notification requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... reexamined the test data or other information or analysis supporting its decision to add the substance to... its finding under section 5(e)(1)(A)(ii)(I) of the Act, and has concluded that a rational basis no... affected person may request modification or revocation of significant new use notification requirements for...

  6. 39 CFR 551.5 - Frequency and other limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ....C. 416. The 10-year period will commence after the sales period of the Breast Cancer Research stamp is concluded in accordance with the Stamp Out Breast Cancer Act, and as amended by the Semipostal Authorization Act, the Breast Cancer Research Stamp Act of 2001, and Public Law 107-67, section 650, 115 Stat...

  7. 39 CFR 551.5 - Frequency and other limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ....C. 416. The 10-year period will commence after the sales period of the Breast Cancer Research stamp is concluded in accordance with the Stamp Out Breast Cancer Act, and as amended by the Semipostal Authorization Act, the Breast Cancer Research Stamp Act of 2001, and Public Law 107-67, section 650, 115 Stat...

  8. 39 CFR 551.5 - Frequency and other limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ....C. 416. The 10-year period will commence after the sales period of the Breast Cancer Research stamp is concluded in accordance with the Stamp Out Breast Cancer Act, and as amended by the Semipostal Authorization Act, the Breast Cancer Research Stamp Act of 2001, and Public Law 107-67, section 650, 115 Stat...

  9. NEUTRON SCATTERING STUDY OF THE HIGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTING SYSTEM YBa2Cu3O6+x

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rossat-Mignod, J.; Regnault, L. P.; Bourges, P.; Burlet, P.; Vettier, C.; Henry, J. Y.

    The following sections are included: * Introduction * The neutron scattering technique * Phase diagrams of high-Tc superconductors * The undoped AF-doped * The doped AF-state * The weakly-doped metallic state * The heavily-doped metallic state * The overdoped metallic state * Discussion and concluding remarks * Acknowledgements * References

  10. Algebraic Systems and Pushdown Automata

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Petre, Ion; Salomaa, Arto

    We concentrate in this chapter on the core aspects of algebraic series, pushdown automata, and their relation to formal languages. We choose to follow here a presentation of their theory based on the concept of properness. We introduce in Sect. 2 some auxiliary notions and results needed throughout the chapter, in particular the notions of discrete convergence in semirings and C-cycle free infinite matrices. In Sect. 3 we introduce the algebraic power series in terms of algebraic systems of equations. We focus on interconnections with context-free grammars and on normal forms. We then conclude the section with a presentation of the theorems of Shamir and Chomsky-Schützenberger. We discuss in Sect. 4 the algebraic and the regulated rational transductions, as well as some representation results related to them. Section 5 is dedicated to pushdown automata and focuses on the interconnections with classical (non-weighted) pushdown automata and on the interconnections with algebraic systems. We then conclude the chapter with a brief discussion of some of the other topics related to algebraic systems and pushdown automata.

  11. Unified nonlinear analysis for nonhomogeneous anisotropic beams with closed cross sections

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Atilgan, Ali R.; Hodges, Dewey H.

    1991-01-01

    A unified methodology for geometrically nonlinear analysis of nonhomogeneous, anisotropic beams is presented. A 2D cross-sectional analysis and a nonlinear 1D global deformation analysis are derived from the common framework of a 3D, geometrically nonlinear theory of elasticity. The only restrictions are that the strain and local rotation are small compared to unity and that warping displacements are small relative to the cross-sectional dimensions. It is concluded that the warping solutions can be affected by large deformation and that this could alter the incremental stiffnes of the section. It is shown that sectional constants derived from the published, linear analysis can be used in the present nonlinear, 1D analysis governing the global deformation of the beam, which is based on intrinsic equations for nonlinear beam behavior. Excellent correlation is obtained with published experimental results for both isotropic and anisotropic beams undergoing large deflections.

  12. Towards Gravitating Discs around Stationary Black Holes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Semerák, Oldřich

    This article outlines the search for an exact general relativistic description of the exterior(vacuum) gravitational field of a rotating spheroidal black hole surrounded by a realistic axially symmetric disc of matter. The problem of multi-body stationary spacetimes is first exposed from the perspective of the relativity theory (section 1) and astrophysics (section 2), listing the basic methods employed and results obtained. Then (in section 3) basic formulas for stationary axisymmetric solutions are summarized. Sections 4 and 5 review what we have learnt with Miroslav Žáček and Tomáš Zellerin about certain static and stationary situations recently. Concluding remarks are given in section 6. Although the survey part is quite general, the list of references cannot be complete.Our main desideratum was the informative value rather than originality — novelties have been preferred, mainly reviews and those with detailed introductions.

  13. 2015 Vehicle Technologies Market Report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Davis, Stacy C.; Williams, Susan E.; Boundy, Robert G.

    This is the seventh edition of the Vehicle Technologies Market Report, which details the major trends in U.S. light-duty vehicle and medium/heavy truck markets as well as the underlying trends that caused them. This report is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy s (DOE) Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO), and, in accord with its mission, pays special attention to the progress of high-efficiency and alternative-fuel technologies. After opening with a discussion of energy and economics, this report features a section each on the light-duty vehicle and heavy/medium truck markets, and concluding with a section each on technology and policy. Themore » first section on Energy and Economics discusses the role of transportation energy and vehicle markets on a national (and even international) scale. For example, Figures 12 through 14 discuss the connections between global oil prices and U.S. GDP, and Figures 22 and 23 show U.S. employment in the automotive sector. The following section examines Light-Duty Vehicle use, markets, manufacture, and supply chains. Figures 27 through 63 offer snapshots of major light-duty vehicle brands in the United States and Figures 70 through 81 examine the performance and efficiency characteristics of vehicles sold. The discussion of Medium and Heavy Trucks offers information on truck sales (Figures 90 through 94) and fuel use (Figures 97 through 100). The Technology section offers information on alternative fuel vehicles and infrastructure (Figures 105 through 118), and the Policy section concludes with information on recent, current, and near-future Federal policies like the Corporate Average Fuel Economy standard (Figures 130 through 137). In total, the information contained in this report is intended to communicate a fairly complete understanding of U.S. highway transportation energy through a series of easily digestible nuggets. Suggestions for future expansion, additional information, or other improvements are most welcome.« less

  14. Low back pain in car drivers: A review of studies published 1975 to 2005

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gallais, Lenka; Griffin, Michael J.

    2006-12-01

    This review investigates whether there is evidence of an association between car driving and low back pain, and evidence that whole-body vibration contributes to low back pain in car drivers. The evidence of an association between various physical, psychosocial and individual factors and low back pain in car drivers was also investigated. From 23 epidemiological studies of low back problems in groups that reported car driving, nine studies fulfilled simple criteria for detailed review: four cross-sectional studies, three case-control studies and two longitudinal studies. The definition of low back pain was often unclear and, mostly, the physiological mechanisms causing low back pain were not considered. Eight of the nine studies concluded that there was an increase in low back pain among car drivers but there was little consideration of the influence of the many physical factors, individual factors and psychosocial factors that might be associated with an increase in low back pain. Consequently, there is insufficient evidence to form a conclusion on whether whole-body vibration, postural stressors or other factors, specific or not specific to driving, are common causes of low back problems in car drivers.

  15. Uniaxial Compressive Constitutive Relationship of Concrete Confined by Special-Shaped Steel Tube Coupled with Multiple Cavities

    PubMed Central

    Wu, Haipeng; Cao, Wanlin; Qiao, Qiyun; Dong, Hongying

    2016-01-01

    A method is presented to predict the complete stress-strain curves of concrete subjected to triaxial stresses, which were caused by axial load and lateral force. The stress can be induced due to the confinement action inside a special-shaped steel tube having multiple cavities. The existing reinforced confined concrete formulas have been improved to determine the confinement action. The influence of cross-sectional shape, of cavity construction, of stiffening ribs and of reinforcement in cavities has been considered in the model. The parameters of the model are determined on the basis of experimental results of an axial compression test for two different kinds of special-shaped concrete filled steel tube (CFT) columns with multiple cavities. The complete load-strain curves of the special-shaped CFT columns are estimated. The predicted concrete strength and the post-peak behavior are found to show good agreement within the accepted limits, compared with the experimental results. In addition, the parameters of proposed model are taken from two kinds of totally different CFT columns, so that it can be concluded that this model is also applicable to concrete confined by other special-shaped steel tubes. PMID:28787886

  16. Participation in the city: where do women fit in?

    PubMed

    Beall, J

    1996-02-01

    Women's priorities have often been ignored in the design of human settlements, the location of housing, and the provision of urban services. New forms of urban partnership are needed to develop participatory processes which include women and men at all stages of urban development. Participation is most commonly associated with political participation or activity. The author gives an overview of the "gendered city", then looks at how men and women benefit and contribute to urban life, through examples of opportunities for making a living and for using urban resources and services. She then moves away from participation as entitlement to consider participation as empowerment, looking at some problems faced by women in public office and grassroots organizations. The paper concludes in arguing that a gender perspective will not inform urban policy and planning processes automatically. Sections discuss gender and poverty in the city, making a living in the city, urban planning as a gender issue, getting around the city, access to resources and services, violence in the city, women's participation in urban governance, women's representation in public office, community organization and advocacy, men and gender issues, and forging linkages through participation.

  17. The Results of Autologous Skin Test in Patients with Chronic Urticaria in Hamadan, Iran

    PubMed Central

    Safari, Mojgan; Sayemiri, Hooshyar

    2016-01-01

    Introduction The etiology of chronic urticaria is unknown in many cases. In this study, we demonstrated the presence of autoimmune antibodies in patients with chronic urticaria by using of the Autologous Serum Skin Test (ASST). Methods We performed a cross-sectional study to detect the presence of autologous antibodies in the serum of 38 patients (25 females and 13 males) with idiopathic chronic urticaria who were referred to the Hamedan Allergy Clinic in 2014. All of the necessary tests for demonstrating chronic urticaria were performed, including complete blood count (CBC), thyroid and liver functionality tests, and the prick test but they did not confirm the cause of chronic urticaria. We conducted the Autologous Serum Skin Test on the patients and analyzed the results. Results In 15 patients (39%), the ASST was positive. Of the 15 patients with positive autoimmune chronic urticaria, five patients (33%) were males, and 10 patients (67%) were females. Conclusion We concluded that many patients with chronic urticaria have autoimmune urticaria. It is the reason for the lack of the response to treatment with common medications for urticaria. New ways of treatment must be considered for them. PMID:27504169

  18. The logic of counterfactual analysis in case-study explanation.

    PubMed

    Mahoney, James; Barrenechea, Rodrigo

    2017-12-19

    In this paper, we develop a set-theoretic and possible worlds approach to counterfactual analysis in case-study explanation. Using this approach, we first consider four kinds of counterfactuals: necessary condition counterfactuals, SUIN condition counterfactuals, sufficient condition counterfactuals, and INUS condition counterfactuals. We explore the distinctive causal claims entailed in each, and conclude that necessary condition and SUIN condition counterfactuals are the most useful types for hypothesis assessment in case-study research. We then turn attention to the development of a rigorous understanding of the 'minimal-rewrite' rule, linking this rule to insights from set theory about the relative importance of necessary conditions. We show why, logically speaking, a comparative analysis of two necessary condition counterfactuals will tend to favour small events and contingent happenings. A third section then presents new tools for specifying the level of generality of the events in a counterfactual. We show why and how the goals of formulating empirically important versus empirically plausible counterfactuals stand in tension with one another. Finally, we use our framework to link counterfactual analysis to causal sequences, which in turn provides advantages for conducting counterfactual projections. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2017.

  19. Stress distribution in composite flatwise tension test specimens

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Scott, Curtis A.; Pereira, J. Michael

    1993-01-01

    A finite element analysis was conducted to determine the stress distribution in typical graphite/epoxy composite flat wise tension (FWT) specimens under normal loading conditions. The purpose of the analysis was to determine the relationship between the applied load and the stress in the sample to evaluate the validity of the test as a means of measuring the out-of-plane strength of a composite laminate. Three different test geometries and three different material lay ups were modeled. In all cases, the out-of-plane component of stress in the test section was found to be uniform, with no stress concentrations, and very close to the nominal applied stress. The stress in the sample was found to be three-dimensional, and the magnitude of in-plane normal and shear stresses varied with the anisotropy of the test specimen. However, in the cases considered here, these components of stress were much smaller than the out-of-plane normal stress. The geometry of the test specimen had little influence on the results. It was concluded that the flat wise tension test provides a good measure of the out-of-plane strength for the representative materials that were studied.

  20. Sexual harassment: Have we made any progress?

    PubMed

    Quick, James Campbell; McFadyen, M Ann

    2017-07-01

    Sexual harassment (SH) is a continuing, chronic occupational health problem in organizations and work environments. First addressed in the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology through a 1998 Special Section on Sexual Harassment, we return to this consequential issue. If the goal is to reduce SH in organizations, and we believe that it should be, then a key question is whether we have made progress in 2 decades. The answer is mixed. Yes, there is a 28% decline in SH complaints. No, there is an increase in complaints by males. No, there has been an increase in the percentage of merit resolutions and monetary benefits. Maybe, because how do we explain the complexity of SH with emergent gay, lesbian, and transgender workforce members. One persistent problematic aspect of SH lack of agreement on definition. We address 2 of the 3 definitional approaches. We consider the broad, negative consequences for organizations and for individual victims. Harassers and aggressors destroy lives, leaving long legacies of suffering. In addition, we offer some suggestions for moving forward in science and practice, with emphasis on the role of the bystander. We conclude that SH is a preventable, if not always predictable, occupational health problem. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

  1. Food marketing on popular children's web sites: a content analysis.

    PubMed

    Alvy, Lisa M; Calvert, Sandra L

    2008-04-01

    In 2006 the Institute of Medicine (IOM) concluded that food marketing was a contributor to childhood obesity in the United States. One recommendation of the IOM committee was for research on newer marketing venues, such as Internet Web sites. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to answer the IOM's call by examining food marketing on popular children's Web sites. Ten Web sites were selected based on market research conducted by KidSay, which identified favorite sites of children aged 8 to 11 years during February 2005. Using a standardized coding form, these sites were examined page by page for the existence, type, and features of food marketing. Web sites were compared using chi2 analyses. Although food marketing was not pervasive on the majority of the sites, seven of the 10 Web sites contained food marketing. The products marketed were primarily candy, cereal, quick serve restaurants, and snacks. Candystand.com, a food product site, contained a significantly greater amount of food marketing than the other popular children's Web sites. Because the foods marketed to children are not consistent with a healthful diet, nutrition professionals should consider joining advocacy groups to pressure industry to reduce online food marketing directed at youth.

  2. Uniaxial Compressive Constitutive Relationship of Concrete Confined by Special-Shaped Steel Tube Coupled with Multiple Cavities.

    PubMed

    Wu, Haipeng; Cao, Wanlin; Qiao, Qiyun; Dong, Hongying

    2016-01-29

    A method is presented to predict the complete stress-strain curves of concrete subjected to triaxial stresses, which were caused by axial load and lateral force. The stress can be induced due to the confinement action inside a special-shaped steel tube having multiple cavities. The existing reinforced confined concrete formulas have been improved to determine the confinement action. The influence of cross-sectional shape, of cavity construction, of stiffening ribs and of reinforcement in cavities has been considered in the model. The parameters of the model are determined on the basis of experimental results of an axial compression test for two different kinds of special-shaped concrete filled steel tube (CFT) columns with multiple cavities. The complete load-strain curves of the special-shaped CFT columns are estimated. The predicted concrete strength and the post-peak behavior are found to show good agreement within the accepted limits, compared with the experimental results. In addition, the parameters of proposed model are taken from two kinds of totally different CFT columns, so that it can be concluded that this model is also applicable to concrete confined by other special-shaped steel tubes.

  3. Design of reflector contours to satisfy photometric criteria using physically realizable light sources

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Spencer, Domina E.

    2001-11-01

    Traditionally reflector design has been confined to the use of surfaces defined in terms of conic sections, assuming that all light sources can be considered to be point sources. In the middle of the twentieth century, it was recognized that major improvements could be made if the shape of the reflector was designed to produce a desired distribution of light form an actual light source. Cylindrical reflectors were created which illuminated airport runways using fluorescent lamps in such a way that pilots could make visual landings safely even in fog. These reflector contours were called macrofocal parabolic cylinders. Other new reflector contours introduced were macrofocal elliptic cylinders which confined the light to long rectangles. Surfaces of revolution the fourth degree were also developed which made possible uniform floodlighting of a circular region. These were called horned and peaked quartics. The optimum solution of the automotive head lighting problem has not yet been found. The paper concludes with a discussion of the possibility of developing reflectors which are neither cylindrical nor rotational but will produce the optimum field of view for the automobile driver both in clear weather and in fog.

  4. Extracting concrete thermal characteristics from temperature time history of RC column exposed to standard fire.

    PubMed

    Kim, Jung J; Youm, Kwang-Soo; Reda Taha, Mahmoud M

    2014-01-01

    A numerical method to identify thermal conductivity from time history of one-dimensional temperature variations in thermal unsteady-state is proposed. The numerical method considers the change of specific heat and thermal conductivity with respect to temperature. Fire test of reinforced concrete (RC) columns was conducted using a standard fire to obtain time history of temperature variations in the column section. A thermal equilibrium model in unsteady-state condition was developed. The thermal conductivity of concrete was then determined by optimizing the numerical solution of the model to meet the observed time history of temperature variations. The determined thermal conductivity with respect to temperature was then verified against standard thermal conductivity measurements of concrete bricks. It is concluded that the proposed method can be used to conservatively estimate thermal conductivity of concrete for design purpose. Finally, the thermal radiation properties of concrete for the RC column were estimated from the thermal equilibrium at the surface of the column. The radiant heat transfer ratio of concrete representing absorptivity to emissivity ratio of concrete during fire was evaluated and is suggested as a concrete criterion that can be used in fire safety assessment.

  5. Extracting Concrete Thermal Characteristics from Temperature Time History of RC Column Exposed to Standard Fire

    PubMed Central

    2014-01-01

    A numerical method to identify thermal conductivity from time history of one-dimensional temperature variations in thermal unsteady-state is proposed. The numerical method considers the change of specific heat and thermal conductivity with respect to temperature. Fire test of reinforced concrete (RC) columns was conducted using a standard fire to obtain time history of temperature variations in the column section. A thermal equilibrium model in unsteady-state condition was developed. The thermal conductivity of concrete was then determined by optimizing the numerical solution of the model to meet the observed time history of temperature variations. The determined thermal conductivity with respect to temperature was then verified against standard thermal conductivity measurements of concrete bricks. It is concluded that the proposed method can be used to conservatively estimate thermal conductivity of concrete for design purpose. Finally, the thermal radiation properties of concrete for the RC column were estimated from the thermal equilibrium at the surface of the column. The radiant heat transfer ratio of concrete representing absorptivity to emissivity ratio of concrete during fire was evaluated and is suggested as a concrete criterion that can be used in fire safety assessment. PMID:25180197

  6. Metabolites from nematophagous fungi and nematicidal natural products from fungi as an alternative for biological control. Part I: metabolites from nematophagous ascomycetes.

    PubMed

    Degenkolb, Thomas; Vilcinskas, Andreas

    2016-05-01

    Plant-parasitic nematodes are estimated to cause global annual losses of more than US$ 100 billion. The number of registered nematicides has declined substantially over the last 25 years due to concerns about their non-specific mechanisms of action and hence their potential toxicity and likelihood to cause environmental damage. Environmentally beneficial and inexpensive alternatives to chemicals, which do not affect vertebrates, crops, and other non-target organisms, are therefore urgently required. Nematophagous fungi are natural antagonists of nematode parasites, and these offer an ecophysiological source of novel biocontrol strategies. In this first section of a two-part review article, we discuss 83 nematicidal and non-nematicidal primary and secondary metabolites found in nematophagous ascomycetes. Some of these substances exhibit nematicidal activities, namely oligosporon, 4',5'-dihydrooligosporon, talathermophilins A and B, phomalactone, aurovertins D and F, paeciloxazine, a pyridine carboxylic acid derivative, and leucinostatins. Blumenol A acts as a nematode attractant. Other substances, such as arthrosporols and paganins, play a decisive role in the life cycle of the producers, regulating the formation of reproductive or trapping organs. We conclude by considering the potential applications of these beneficial organisms in plant protection strategies.

  7. Equity investigation of attitudinal shifts in introductory physics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Traxler, Adrienne; Brewe, Eric

    2015-12-01

    We report on seven years of attitudinal data using the Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey from University Modeling Instruction (UMI) sections of introductory physics at Florida International University. University Modeling Instruction is a curricular and pedagogical transformation of introductory university physics that engages students in building and testing conceptual models in an integrated lab and lecture learning environment. This work expands upon previous studies that reported consistently positive attitude shifts in UMI courses; here, we disaggregate the data by gender and ethnicity to look for any disparities in the pattern of favorable shifts. We find that women and students from statistically underrepresented ethnic groups have gains that are comparable to those of men and students from well-represented ethnic groups on this attitudinal measure, and that this result holds even when interaction effects of gender and ethnicity are included. We conclude with suggestions for future work in UMI courses and for attitudinal equity investigations generally. We encourage researchers to expand their scope beyond simple performance gaps when considering equity concerns, and to avoid relying on a single measure to evaluate student success. Finally, we conjecture that students' social and academic networks are one means by which attitudinal and efficacy beliefs about the course are propagated.

  8. Summary of Drag Characteristics of Practical-Construction Wing Sections

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Quinn, John H , Jr

    1948-01-01

    The effect of several parameters on the drag characteristics of practical-construction wing sections have been considered and evaluated. The effects considered were those of surface roughness, surface waviness, compressive load, and de-icers. The data were obtained from a number of tests in the Langley two-dimensional low-turbulence tunnels.

  9. 20 CFR 422.205 - Review by Appeals Council.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Council unless the case is considered as provided under paragraph (e) of this section. (c) The denial of a... constitute the decision of the Appeals Council unless the case is considered as provided under paragraph (e) of this section. (e) On call of the Chairman, the Appeals Council may meet en banc or a...

  10. 20 CFR 422.205 - Review by Appeals Council.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Council unless the case is considered as provided under paragraph (e) of this section. (c) The denial of a... constitute the decision of the Appeals Council unless the case is considered as provided under paragraph (e) of this section. (e) On call of the Chairman, the Appeals Council may meet en banc or a...

  11. 20 CFR 422.205 - Review by Appeals Council.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... Council unless the case is considered as provided under paragraph (e) of this section. (c) The denial of a... constitute the decision of the Appeals Council unless the case is considered as provided under paragraph (e) of this section. (e) On call of the Chairman, the Appeals Council may meet en banc or a...

  12. Modeling the Earth system in the Mission to Planet Earth era

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Unninayar, Sushel; Bergman, Kenneth H.

    1993-01-01

    A broad overview is made of global earth system modeling in the Mission to Planet Earth (MTPE) era for the multidisciplinary audience encompassed by the Global Change Research Program (GCRP). Time scales of global system fluctuation and change are described in Section 2. Section 3 provides a rubric for modeling the global earth system, as presently understood. The ability of models to predict the future state of the global earth system and the extent to which their predictions are reliable are covered in Sections 4 and 5. The 'engineering' use of global system models (and predictions) is covered in Section 6. Section 7 covers aspects of an increasing need for improved transform algorithms and better methods to assimilate this information into global models. Future monitoring and data requirements are detailed in Section 8. Section 9 covers the NASA-initiated concept 'Mission to Planet Earth,' which employs space and ground based measurement systems to provide the scientific basis for understanding global change. Section 10 concludes this review with general remarks concerning the state of global system modeling and observing technology and the need for future research.

  13. DEVELOPMENT OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AND DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS FOR THE CANAAN VALLEY INSTITUTE (CVI) RIPARIAN ZONE AND STREAM RESTORATION

    EPA Science Inventory

    The USEPA Mid-Atlantic Highlands Streams Assessment (MAHA) report concluded that over 31% of stream miles in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands were in poor condition, and only 17% stream miles could be considered to be in good condition, based on their fish populations. Insect populatio...

  14. Observations on Citation Practices in Mathematics Education Research. Research Commentary

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Leatham, Keith R.

    2015-01-01

    The author argues that the field of mathematics education as a whole can and should improve its citation practices. He discusses 4 forms of citation practice and considers how they vary with respect to transparency of voice. He also discusses several ways that citation practices may misrepresent cited authors' ideas. He concludes with suggestions…

  15. Teachers as Journalists?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Reiss, M.

    2011-01-01

    I start by considering some of the similarities between journalists and science teachers in their work and then go on to examine three questions that are of importance in dealing with creationism in schools: Is the issue one that is worth dealing with? How might one deal with it? What does one hope to achieve by dealing with it? I conclude that…

  16. Going Past Done: Creating Time for Reflection in the Classroom.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Douillard, Kim

    2002-01-01

    Describes how a teacher developed Reflective Fridays (a day with time set aside for reflective thinking, talking, and writing) as a way to support young children in using reflection as a learning tool. Considers ways to nudge students forward. Discusses different types of thinking. Concludes that the author's students have shown her that they…

  17. Investigations of Novel Sensor Technology for Explosive Specific Detection

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-12-01

    considered impractical due to oxidation , however, a zinc analogue was synthesized to improve the photostability. [67] They concluded that AcrH2 is...of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in a γ- CD/metal oxide matrix and its sensitive detection via a cyclic surface polarization impedance (cSPI) method”, Chemistry...sensor ........................................................................................... 40 6.3.13 Nanofibrous membranes

  18. 78 FR 45926 - Farm Credit Administration Board; Sunshine Act; Regular Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-30

    ... to be considered at the meeting are: Open Session Approval of Minutes July 11, 2013 New Business..., Virginia, on August 8, 2013, from 9:00 a.m. until such time as the Board concludes its business. FOR..., Virginia 22102-5090. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Parts of this meeting of the Board will be open to the...

  19. 77 FR 74010 - Farm Credit Administration Board; Sunshine Act; Regular Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-12

    ... to be considered at the meeting are: Open Session Approval of Minutes November 8, 2012 New Business..., Virginia, on December 13, 2012, from 9:00 a.m. until such time as the Board concludes its business. FOR..., Virginia 22102-5090. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Parts of this meeting of the Board will be open to the...

  20. Paradigm Lost: The Human Chromosome Story.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Unger, Lawrence; Blystone, Robert V.

    1996-01-01

    Discusses whether the discovery in 1956 that humans have a chromosome number of 46, as opposed to 47 or 48 as previously thought, fits into a paradigm shift of the Kuhnian type. Concludes that Kuhn probably would not have considered the chromosome number shift to be large enough to be a focus for one of his paradigms. (AIM)

  1. Studying All Those "Tiny Little Tea Leaves": The Future of Microforms in a Complex Technological Environment.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Yerburgh, Mark R.

    1987-01-01

    Considers the future of microforms by surveying the history of their use in libraries; reviewing the literature about them; and comparing them with electronic databases, full text delivery, and laser disks. It is concluded that microforms will continue to be the primary providers of significant but rarely used retrospective materials. (EM)

  2. The Cost of Maintaining and Updating Library Card Catalogs. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dolby, J. L.; And Others

    The main problem considered in this project is whether it will be possible for civilization to cope with the increasing quantities of archival information that must be stored in libraries, and if so, whether traditional methods of identification and access will prove adequate to the task. It is concluded that unless the storage, transmission, and…

  3. Marbles and Machiavelli: The Role of Game Play in Children's Social Development

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lancy, David F.; Grove, M. Annette

    2011-01-01

    The authors review several case studies of children engaged in rule-governed play and conclude that the process of learning rules--and of breaking them and making new ones--promotes what they call gamesmanship. They link the development of gamesmanship to the theory of Machiavellian intelligence, which considers social interaction primary in the…

  4. 75 FR 74620 - Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA): Home Warranty Companies' Payments to Real Estate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-01

    ... interpretive rule concluded: (1) A payment by an HWC for marketing services performed by real estate brokers or... real estate broker or agent for marketing a home warranty product directly to particular homebuyers or... rule, payments for marketing services directed to particular homebuyers or sellers are considered to be...

  5. The Glass Ceiling for Women in Legal Education: Contract Positions and the Death of Tenure.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Angel, Marina

    2000-01-01

    Discussion of the glass ceiling for women in legal education first examines categories of law school personnel, especially the fast-growing category of legal-writing teachers, and then considers trends in law school hiring. Concludes that law school trends mirror those in college and university hiring generally, suggesting the weakening and…

  6. Does Watching Help? In Search of the Theory of Change for Education Monitoring

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Post, David

    2015-01-01

    In 2015 Education for All (EFA), concludes its 25-year cycle, and the Global Monitoring Report (GMR) publishes its final assessment of triumph and defeat in reaching the six EFA goals. Before the United Nations adopts new Sustainable Development Goals, it is essential to consider the underlying theories of monitoring. This essay addresses two…

  7. The Effects of Spatial Diversity and Imperfect Channel Estimation on Wideband MC-DS-CDMA and MC-CDMA

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-10-01

    In our previous work, we compared the theoretical bit error rates of multi-carrier direct sequence code division multiple access (MC- DS - CDMA ) and...consider only those cases where MC- CDMA has higher frequency diversity than MC- DS - CDMA . Since increases in diversity yield diminishing gains, we conclude

  8. Reexamining the Structure of Hemingway's "The Doctor and the Doctor's Wife."

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mulvey, James

    2003-01-01

    Considers how Hemingway's "The Doctor and the Doctor's Wife" is a model of Edgar Allan Poe's aesthetic of the short story. Examines this work on many levels. Concludes that great writers, such as Ernest Hemingway, challenge readers to find the clues, to connect the dots, to pay attention to the "little details." (SG)

  9. Digital Spins: The Pedagogy and Politics of Student-Centered E-Zines.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Alexander, Jonathan

    2002-01-01

    Recounts and analyzes how e-zines were used in first-year writing courses to enhance students' rhetorical sensitivity to considerations of audience. Concludes that through the use of e-zines, students, on their own initiative, began exploring ways to use writing to provoke an audience to consider alternative views, a project which encouraged some…

  10. The Image of God and Educational Philosophy: A Biblical Construct?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Paulien, Jon

    2001-01-01

    Discusses the Seventh-day Adventist educational philosophy, originated in part by founder Ellen White, who believed the basic goal of Adventist education was derived from what she considered a fundamental Biblical message: restoring human beings into the image of God. The paper concludes that this concept is the best source for a vision to drive…

  11. Student Teachers as Advocates for Student-Led Research-Informed Socioscientific Activism

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bencze, J. Lawrence; Sperling, Erin R.

    2012-01-01

    Progress has been made in addressing socioscientific issues, such as debates about merits of nuclear power, by encouraging school students to consider complex issues and take positions about them. We contend, however, that they also need to learn to take research-informed actions to address issues. In the study reported here, we concluded--based…

  12. New Directions for IR, the DQP, and Tuning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jankowski, Natasha A.; Marshall, David W.

    2015-01-01

    This concluding essay provides a glimpse to the future and alerts IR professionals to related initiatives as well as provides an update to ongoing work with DQP and Tuning. Pulling from the prior chapters it provides some implications for IR offices to consider, not only in their work with the DQP and Tuning, but in terms of general decision…

  13. The Impact of Federal Financial Aid Policy upon Higher Education Access

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Davis, Dannielle Joy; Green-Derry, Lisa Celeste; Jones, Brandon

    2013-01-01

    This article reviews the history of financial aid policy from the Higher Education Act of 1965 to its reauthorisation in 1992 and the subsequent ramifications upon African-American students. It considers issues of race and class with regard to college access. This work concludes with a look at contemporary aid, as well as offers race- and…

  14. Discussing the Language and Thought of Motion in Second Language Speakers

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cook, Vivian

    2015-01-01

    These concluding reflections seek to put the articles of this special issue in a broader context. The article begins by looking at the ideas of cognitive linguistics and linguistic relativity that are invoked. It then considers the questions that arise about the relationship between two or more languages in the same mind, the differences between…

  15. Americanization and UK Higher Education: Towards a History of Transatlantic Influence on Policy and Practice.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Smith, David; Baston, Lewis; Bocock, Jean; Scott, Peter

    2002-01-01

    Investigates history of US influence on UK higher education policy and practice during the second half of the 20th century within broader context of cultural and policy encounters between the two nations during these years and considers relevance of the contested concept of "Americanization." Concludes that US exercised an important but…

  16. Is Education a Lost Cause? Zizek, Schooling, and Universal Emancipation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cooley, Aaron

    2009-01-01

    This paper discusses the work of Slavoj Zizek and links several of his ideas to educational contexts. After giving a brief background on his unique intellectual perspective, I pull three themes (control, torture, and politics) from his body of work, and I consider their educational connections and implications. I conclude by speculating on the…

  17. Thermodynamical stability of FRW models with quintessence

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sharif, M.; Ashraf, Sara

    2018-03-01

    In this paper, we study the thermodynamic stability of quintessence in the background of homogeneous and isotropic universe model. For the evolutionary picture, we consider two different forms of potentials and investigate the behavior of different physical parameters. We conclude that the quintessence model expands adiabatically and this expansion is thermodynamically stable for both potentials with suitable model parameters.

  18. Ensuring Every Child Matters: Issues and Implications for School Leadership

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Harris, Alma; Allen, Tracey

    2009-01-01

    This article considers the challenges and issues facing school leaders in the implementation of Every Child Matters. It outlines the factors that contribute to the effective delivery of Every Child Matters and outlines some of the barriers that make the delivery of this agenda more difficult. The article concludes that school leaders play a…

  19. Greenhouse gas mitigation can reduce sea-ice loss and increase polar bear persistence

    Treesearch

    Steven C. Amstrup; Eric T. DeWeaver; David C. Douglas; Bruce G. Marcot; George M. Durner; Cecilia M. Bitz; David A. Bailey

    2010-01-01

    On the basis of projected losses of their essential sea-ice habitats, a United States Geological Survey research team concluded in 2007 that two-thirds of the world's polar bears (Ursus maritimus) could disappear by mid-century if business-as-usual greenhouse gas emissions continue. That projection, however, did not consider the possible...

  20. Uncovering Hidden Dimensions of Australian Early Childhood Policy History: Insights from Interviews with Policy "Elites"

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Logan, Helen; Sumsion, Jennifer; Press, Frances

    2014-01-01

    This article considers the value of elite interviews as a frequently overlooked methodology in investigations of policymaking in early childhood education and care (ECEC). We contextualise the discussion within a study that examines constructions of quality in Australian ECEC policymaking between 1972 and 2009. We conclude that, despite their…

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