Effect of working consecutive night shifts on sleep time, prior wakefulness, perceived levels of fatigue and performance on a psychometric test in emergency registrars.

PubMed

Haire, Julia Christine Lydia; Ferguson, Sally Anne; Tilleard, James D; Negus, Paul; Dorrian, Jillian; Thomas, Matthew Jw

2012-06-01

To evaluate the effect of working consecutive night shifts on sleep time, prior wakefulness, perceived levels of fatigue and psychomotor performance in a group of Australian emergency registrars. A prospective observational study with a repeated within-subjects component was conducted. Sleep time was determined using sleep diaries and activity monitors. Subjective fatigue levels and reciprocal reaction times were evaluated before and after day and night shifts. A total of 11 registrars participated in the study with 120 shifts analysed. Sleep time was found to be similar during consecutive night and day shifts. The mean number of hours spent awake before the end of a night shift was 14.33. Subjective fatigue scores were worst at the end of a night shift. There was no difference in reciprocal reaction time between the end of night shift and the start of day shift. Registrars sleep a similar amount of time surrounding night and day shifts. Despite reporting the highest levels of fatigue at the end of a night shift, there is no significant difference in reaction times at the end of night shift compared with the beginning of day shift. This correlates with the finding that at the end of night shift the registrars have been awake for less than 16 h, which is the point at which psychomotor performance is expected to decline. © 2012 The Authors. EMA © 2012 Australasian College for Emergency Medicine and Australasian Society for Emergency Medicine.

Adolescent chronic restraint stress (aCRS) elicits robust depressive-like behavior in freely cycling, adult female rats without increasing anxiety-like behaviors.

PubMed

Hibicke, Meghan; Graham, Martha A; Hayslett, Renée L

2017-04-01

Stress during times of rapid development is a risk factor for Major Depressive Disorder, a mood disorder that disproportionately affects women. We developed an adolescent chronic restraint stress (aCRS) protocol using female rats to address the impact of adolescent stress on female adult depressive-like behavior. Animals were divided into 4 treatment groups: not restrained:saline (NRSAL), not restrained:desipramine (NRDES), restrained:saline (RSAL), and restrained:desipramine (RDES). NRSAL and NRDES rats were housed in a separate colony room from RSAL and RDES rats. All animals were weighed and handled daily. Beginning postnatal day (PND) 34(±1), RSAL and RDES rats were restrained for 1 hour daily for 14 consecutive days. Beginning PND 55(±1), NRDES and RDES rats were given subcutaneous desipramine (5 mg/kg), which served as a positive control, daily for 14 consecutive days. During that same time period, NRSAL and RSAL rats were given subcutaneous saline daily. aCRS (RSAL and RDES) rats showed significantly attenuated weight gain compared with nonrestrained (NRSAL and NRDES) rats during the restraint period. Weight gain normalized after the final restraint session. Behavioral testing took place PND 68-69(±1), and included open field testing, the elevated plus maze, locomotor activity, and the forced swim test (FST). RSAL rats showed significantly more immobility in the FST versus all other groups, indicating depressive-like behavior. No differences between groups were observed in the other behavioral measures. These results indicate that aCRS elicits depressive-like behavioral characteristics in adult female rats without increasing anxiety-like behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Analysis of 2-Week Data from Two Randomized, Controlled Trials Conducted in Subjects with Frequent Heartburn Treated with Esomeprazole 20 mg.

PubMed

Katz, Philip O; Le Moigne, Anne; Pollack, Charles

2017-05-01

These secondary analyses used data from 2 similarly designed studies in subjects experiencing frequent heartburn to evaluate the efficacy of esomeprazole 20 mg once daily for 2 weeks, which reflects the approved over-the-counter dosage and duration. Subjects without endoscopically identified erosive esophagitis who were experiencing heartburn for ≥6 months and ≥4 of 7 days prior to baseline (study 1, N = 368; study 2, N = 349) were randomly assigned to receive double-blind treatment with esomeprazole 40 or 20 mg (administered as esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate 44.5 and 22.3 mg, respectively) or placebo once daily for 4 weeks. Subjects recorded the severity of heartburn in a daily diary, and investigators assessed subjects at each study visit. Two-week assessments were the primary end points of interest in these analyses and included the percentage of subjects with complete heartburn resolution (no episodes during 7 consecutive days), time to sustained complete heartburn resolution (the first of 7 consecutive episode-free days), and heartburn relief (no episodes other than ≤1 mild episode during 7 consecutive days). At week 2, the percentages of subjects who experienced complete heartburn resolution were significantly greater with esomeprazole 40 mg (study 1, 26.1%; study 2, 35.3%) and 20 mg (study 1, 25.2%; study 2, 35.7%) compared with placebo (study 1, 9.0%; study 2, 3.4%) (all, P ≤ 0.001). Beginning on day 1, the percentages of subjects who experienced sustained heartburn resolution was significantly greater in the groups treated with esomeprazole 40 mg (study 1, 19%; study 2, 19%; P < 0.0001) and 20 mg (study 1, 10%; study 2, 15%; P < 0.05) compared with the group that received placebo (study 1, 2%; study 2, 1%). Additionally, at week 2, the percentages of subjects experiencing heartburn relief were significantly greater with esomeprazole 40 mg (study 1, 35.3%; study 2, 40.5%) and 20 mg (study 1, 34.5%; study 2, 46.4%) compared with placebo (study 1, 16.5%; study 2, 8.6%) (all, P ≤ 0.001). The results of this study demonstrate that once-daily treatment with esomeprazole 20 mg for 2 weeks effectively resolved subjects׳ heartburn compared with placebo, beginning on day 1. Studies precede FDA Act 801 clinical trial registration and results submission requirements. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. All rights reserved.

Ethyl glucuronide, ethyl sulfate, and ethanol in urine after sustained exposure to an ethanol-based hand sanitizer.

PubMed

Reisfield, Gary M; Goldberger, Bruce A; Crews, Bridgit O; Pesce, Amadeo J; Wilson, George R; Teitelbaum, Scott A; Bertholf, Roger L

2011-03-01

To assess the degree of ethanol absorption and subsequent formation of urinary ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) following sustained application of hand sanitizer, 11 volunteers cleansed their hands with Purell(™) hand sanitizer (62% ethanol) every 5 min for 10 h on three consecutive days. Urine specimens were obtained at the beginning and end of each day of the study, and on the morning of the fourth day. Urinary creatinine, ethanol, EtG, and EtS concentrations were measured. EtG was undetectable in all pre-study urine specimens, but two pre-study specimens had detectable EtS (73 and 37 ng/mL). None of the pre-study specimens had detectable ethanol. The maximum EtG and EtS concentrations over the course of the study were 2001 and 84 ng/mL, respectively, and nearly all EtG- and EtS-positive urine specimens were collected at the conclusion of the individual study days. Only two specimens had detectable EtG at the beginning of any study day (96 and 139 ng/mL), and only one specimen had detectable EtS at the beginning of a study day (64 ng/mL), in addition to the two with detectable EtS prior to the study. Creatinine-adjusted maximum EtG and EtS concentrations were 1998 and 94 μg/g creatinine, respectively. In patients being monitored for ethanol use by urinary EtG concentrations, currently accepted EtG cutoffs do not distinguish between ethanol consumption and incidental exposures, particularly when urine specimens are obtained shortly after sustained use of ethanolcontaining hand sanitizer. Our data suggest that EtS may be an important complementary biomarker in distinguishing ethanol consumption from dermal exposure.

Sums of Consecutive Integers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pong, Wai Yan

2007-01-01

We begin by answering the question, "Which natural numbers are sums of consecutive integers?" We then go on to explore the set of lengths (numbers of summands) in the decompositions of an integer as such sums.

[Ocular myositis as a rare cause of vision loss].

PubMed

Rollnik, J D; Requadt, H

2017-04-01

Ocular myositis is a rare disease characterized by painful diplopia but loss of vision rarely occurs. The article reviews the literature focusing on the differential diagnostics. We report the case of an 80-year-old women suffering from slowly progressive loss of vision in the left eye. Diplopia was only present at the beginning and there was only moderate pain. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a swelling of the left medial, lateral and inferior rectus muscles of the orbit leading to compression of the optic nerve in the orbital cone. An intravenous prednisolone stoss therapy (1000 mg per day for 3 consecutive days) was initiated, followed by oral medication of 100 mg per day then tapering over 10 weeks. Vision improved and no relapses were observed. Physicians should be aware of this rare disease to ensure quick diagnosis and treatment of ocular myositis.

Changes in the diurnal rhythms of cortisol, melatonin, and testosterone after 2, 4, and 7 consecutive night shifts in male police officers.

PubMed

Jensen, Marie Aarrebo; Hansen, Åse Marie; Kristiansen, Jesper; Nabe-Nielsen, Kirsten; Garde, Anne Helene

2016-08-11

Night work is associated with a large range of acute health problems and possibly also health consequences in the long run. Yet, only very few field studies specifically investigate the effects of consecutive night shift on key physiological regulatory systems. In this field study, we investigated the effects of consecutive night shifts on three hormones, melatonin, cortisol, and testosterone, among police officers at work. More specifically, the aim was to investigate how the diurnal rhythms of melatonin, cortisol, and testosterone responded to two, four, and seven consecutive night shifts and a corresponding number of days for recovery. The study was part of the "In the Middle of the Night" project and included 73 male police officers from five different police districts. The participants were exposed to three intervention conditions: "2+2": two consecutive night shifts followed by two consecutive day recovery days; "4+4": four consecutive night shifts followed by four consecutive recovery days; "7+7": seven consecutive night shifts followed by seven consecutive recovery days. On the last day with night shift and the last recovery day in each intervention, the participants collected saliva samples every 4th hour when awake. The diurnal rhythms of melatonin, cortisol, and testosterone were all affected differently by an increasing number of consecutive night shifts: the amplitude of the melatonin rhythm was suppressed by 4.9% per day (95% CI 1.4-8.2% per day; p = 0.006). The diurnal rhythm of cortisol phase was delayed with an increasing number of night shifts by 33 min/day (95% CI 18-48 min per day; p ≤ 0.001), but did not show any changes in amplitude. For the diurnal rhythm of testosterone, there was no effect of the number of consecutive night shifts and the diurnal rhythm completely followed the sleep/wake cycle. We found that there were no differences in the rhythms of melatonin, cortisol, and testosterone after 2, 4, and 7 recovery days, respectively. In conclusion, we found signs of desynchronization in terms of suppressed amplitude of melatonin and phase delay of salivary cortisol as a consequence of the increasing number of consecutive night shifts among police officers at work. Lack of synchronization has been suggested as a possible mechanism linking night work to disease, but this remains to be determined.

Efficacy and tolerability of a polysaccharide-resin-honey based cough syrup as compared to carbocysteine syrup for children with colds: a randomized, single-blinded, multicenter study.

PubMed

Cohen, Herman Avner; Hoshen, Moshe; Gur, Shmuel; Bahir, Arie; Laks, Yoseph; Blau, Hannah

2017-02-01

Available pediatric treatments for acute cough are limited by lack of demonstrated efficacy. The objective of this trial is to compare the effects of a polysaccharide-resin-honey based cough syrup, and carbocysteine syrups on nocturnal and daytime cough associated with childhood upper respiratory tract infections (URIs). Using a single-blind randomization design, the study recruited children from 4 general pediatric community clinics. Participants included 150 children aged 2 to 5 years with an URI, nocturnal and daytime cough and illness duration of ≤7 days. To be eligible, children had to be free of medication on the day before presentation. A survey was administered to parents on 4 consecutive days beginning from the day of presentation in clinic. Children received the study preparation on the first evening and then 3 times per day for 3 further days. Main outcome measures were cough frequency, cough severity, bothersome nature of cough, and quality of sleep for both child and parent. Both preparations were well tolerated and cough improved over the study period. After one night and on all survey days, there was a significantly better result for polysaccharide-resin-honey (P<0.05) for all the main outcome measures. The trend of improvement over the 4 days was steeper for polysaccharide-resin-honey (P<0.05) with regards to all cough parameters. Both polysaccharide-resin-honey and carbocysteine cough syrups were well tolerated in children over 2 years of age. The polysaccharide-resin-honey syrup was associated with a more rapid and greater improvement in all clinical cough symptoms measured, beginning from the first night of therapy. Both nocturnal and daytime cough improved, as did sleep quality for both children and parents.

Results of an Interdisciplinary Day Care Approach for Chronic Tinnitus Treatment: A Prospective Study Introducing the Jena Interdisciplinary Treatment for Tinnitus

PubMed Central

Ivansic, Daniela; Dobel, Christian; Volk, Gerd F.; Reinhardt, Daniel; Müller, Boris; Smolenski, Ulrich C.; Guntinas-Lichius, Orlando

2017-01-01

Objective: Considering the heterogeneity of the symptoms shown by patients suffering from chronic tinnitus, there are surprisingly few interdisciplinary treatments available, and mostly available only for inpatients. In order to provide an interdisciplinary treatment, we developed a day care concept in which each patient was treated by an ENT doctor, a cognitive behavioral therapist, a specialist for medical rehabilitation and an audiologist (Jena Interdisciplinary Treatment for Tinnitus, JITT). The aim of this study was to observe the changes of tinnitus related distress due to interdisciplinary day care treatment and to determine which factors mediate this change. Subjects and Methods: Tinnitus annoyance was measured using the Tinnitus Questionnaire on 308 patients with chronic tinnitus. They were treated in the day care unit over five consecutive days between July 2013 and December 2014. Data were collected before treatment when screened (T0), at the beginning (T1) and at the end of the 5 day treatment (T2), as well as 20 days (T3) and 6 months after treatment (T4). Results: Overall, tinnitus annoyance improved significantly from the screening day to the beginning of treatment, and to a much larger degree from the beginning to the end of treatment. The treatment outcome remained stable 6 months after treatment. Patients with the following symptoms displayed higher tinnitus annoyance at T0: dizziness at tinnitus onset, tinnitus sound could not be masked with background noise, tinnitus worsening during physical stress, comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, higher age and higher hearing loss. Loudness of tinnitus perceived in the right ear correlated with tinnitus annoyance significantly. Demographic, tinnitus and strain variables could only explain 12.8% of the variance of the change in tinnitus annoyance from T0 to T4. Out of 39 predictors, the only significant ones were “sick leave 6 months before treatment” and “tinnitus annoyance at T0.” Conclusion: The newly developed JITT represents a valuable treatment for chronic tinnitus patients with improvement remaining stable for at least 6 months after treatment. Using a large number of variables did not allow predicting treatment outcome which underlines the heterogeneity of tinnitus. PMID:28670275

41 CFR 302-3.216 - When must I begin my first tour renewal travel from Alaska or Hawaii?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... first tour renewal travel from Alaska or Hawaii? 302-3.216 Section 302-3.216 Public Contracts and... must I begin my first tour renewal travel from Alaska or Hawaii? You must begin your first tour renewal travel within 5 years of your first consecutive tours in either Alaska or Hawaii. ...

Relation between Plasmodium falciparum asymptomatic infection and malaria attacks in a cohort of Senegalese children

PubMed Central

Le Port, Agnès; Cot, Michel; Etard, Jean-François; Gaye, Oumar; Migot-Nabias, Florence; Garcia, André

2008-01-01

Background It is important to establish whether or not the presence of malaria parasites in peripheral blood of asymptomatic individuals is a predictor of future clinical mild malaria attacks (MMA). The aim of this study was to determine how an asymptomatic positive thick blood smear could be related to the occurrence of a MMA during the nine following days. Methods The study was conducted in a cohort of 569 Senegalese children, who were investigated for Plasmodium falciparum asymptomatic carriage at two different times of the transmission season, the beginning (September) and the end (November). The occurrence of MMA was investigated in asymptomatic carriers and non-carriers, every three days for nine consecutive days. Survival analysis was performed and risk estimates were calculated by Cox proportional hazards model. Results At the beginning of the transmission season, 27.8% (147/529) of the children were asymptomatic carriers (ACs) and 5.4% (8/147) of MMA occurred among these, versus 1% (4/382) among non-carriers (RR = 5.32; IC = [1.56–18.15], p = 0.008). At the end of the transmission season, the frequency of asymptomatic carriers was similar to that observed at the beginning of the season (31.9%, p = 0.15), but no MMA was detected during this period. Conclusion A significant association between P. falciparum asymptomatic carriage and the occurrence of MMA at the beginning of the transmission season was demonstrated, with a five-fold increase in the risk of developing a MMA in ACs. In the context of a possible distribution of IPTc in the future, drug strategies may have dramatic consequences due to the existence of ACs (both long term and short term), as they seem to play an important role in the individual protection to malaria, in the most exposed age groups. PMID:18823542

An analysis of fog events at Belgrade International Airport

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Veljović, Katarina; Vujović, Dragana; Lazić, Lazar; Vučković, Vladan

2015-01-01

A preliminary study of the occurrence of fog at Belgrade "Nikola Tesla" Airport was carried out using a statistical approach. The highest frequency of fog has occurred in the winter months of December and January and far exceeded the number of fog days in the spring and the beginning of autumn. The exceptionally foggy months, those having an extreme number of foggy days, occurred in January 1989 (18 days), December 1998 (18 days), February 2005 (17 days) and October 2001 (15 days). During the winter months (December, January and February) from 1990 to 2005 (16 years), fog occurred most frequently between 0600 and 1000 hours, and in the autumn, between 0500 and 0800 hours. In summer, fog occurred most frequently between 0300 and 0600 hours. During the 11-year period from 1995 to 2005, it was found that there was a 13 % chance for fog to occur on two consecutive days and a 5 % chance that it would occur 3 days in a row. In October 2001, the fog was observed over nine consecutive days. During the winter half year, 52.3 % of fog events observed at 0700 hours were in the presence of stratus clouds and 41.4 % were without the presence of low clouds. The 6-h cooling observed at the surface preceding the occurrence of fog between 0000 and 0700 hours ranged mainly from 1 to 4 °C. A new method was applied to assess the probability of fog occurrence based on complex fog criteria. It was found that the highest probability of fog occurrence (51.2 %) takes place in the cases in which the relative humidity is above 97 %, the dew-point depression is 0 °C, the cloud base is lower than 50 m and the wind is calm or weak 1 h before the onset of fog.

Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels among coke-oven workers for 2 consecutive days.

PubMed

Nguyen, Thi-To-Uyen; Kawanami, Shoko; Kawai, Kazuaki; Kasai, Hiroshi; Li, Yun-Shan; Inoue, Jinro; Ngoan, Le Tran; Horie, Seichi

2014-01-01

This study evaluated the levels of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their relationship with oxidative DNA damage among Vietnamese coke-oven workers. We collected urine from 36 coke-oven workers (exposed group) at the beginning and end of the shift on 2 consecutive days. We also collected urine from 78 medical staff (control group). Information was collected by questionnaire about smoking status, drinking habit, and working position. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) were measured using HPLC. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 19. Urinary 1-OHP was significantly higher in the coke-oven workers than in the control group (p<0.05). Top-oven workers had the highest levels of internal exposure to PAHs, followed by side-oven and then bottom-oven workers (5.41, 4.41 and 1.35 ng/mg creatinine, respectively, at the end of the shift on day 2). Urinary 8-OH-dG was significantly higher in top- and side-oven workers at the end of the shift on day 2 (4.63 and 5.88 ng/mg creatinine, respectively) than in the control group (3.85 ng/mg creatinine). Based on a multi-regression analysis, smoking status had a significant effect on urinary 8-OH-dG (p=0.049). Urinary 1-OHP tended to have a positive correlation with urinary 8-OH-dG (p=0.070). Vietnamese coke-oven workers were exposed to PAHs during their work shift. Urinary 1-OHP exceeded the recommended limit, and elevated oxidative DNA damage occurred in top- and side-oven workers on the second day of work. A tendency for positive correlation was found between urinary 1-OHP and urinary 8-OH-dG.

Fertility of the male alpaca: effect of daily consecutive breeding.

PubMed

Bravo, P W; Solis, P; Ordoñez, C; Alarcon, V

1997-04-01

The fertility of the male alpaca under different frequencies of daily consecutive matings was evaluated. Fifteen adult male Huacaya alpacas were divided randomly into three groups of five each to breed lactating female alpacas. The schedule of daily matings was two, four and six consecutive breeding per group and for nine consecutive days. Ovulation was determined by progesterone at seven days after breeding. Pregnancy was determined by ultrasonography at 15 and 30 days after breeding. Two hundred and eighty females were bred with some males not fulfilling their schedule of breeding. There were differences (P < 0.05) in the fertility rate of males breeding two and four times daily (76%) in contrast to 59% for males breeding six times. There were also differences (P < 0.05) in the fertility of individual males. Length of copulation was affected (P < 0.05) by schedule of matings, day of breeding and male. Ovulation was independent of length of copulation. Overall, it seems the fertility of the male alpaca is affected significantly when consecutive matings are over four times a day and for nine consecutive days.

78 FR 61408 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-03

... continues for a period of 30 consecutive business days. Upon such failure, the Company shall be notified.... Compliance can be achieved by meeting the applicable standard for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days... the deficiency continues for a period of 30 consecutive business days. Upon such failure, the Company...

Variability of tropical days over Greece within the second half of the twentieth century

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nastos, P. T.; Matzarakis, A. P.

2008-06-01

Tropical days (TD) are defined as the days with a maximum air temperature greater than 30.0 °C. It is clear that the study of TD includes also the absolute maximum temperatures, which are of great interest for the description of a region’s climate. These days are considered as very hot, and they particularly are of great importance not only for bioclimatology and applied sciences, but also for the individuals who are sensitive in the heat-stress. The regime of the TD in Greece is the focus of this study. The aim is to demonstrate their changes from decade to decade, for the time period 1960-2000. For this study, the Annual Number of Tropical Days (ANTD) recorded by each of the 26 meteorological stations of National Meteorological Service, which are uniformly distributed in the Hellenic peninsula, was calculated and analysed. In terms of quantifying the conditions in a humanbiometeorological manner, the thermal index Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and the consecutive days for Athens have been included in this study. The trends of the TD for each station were analysed through the Mann-Kendall technique, while the spatial distribution per decade reveals the regions with change (increase or decrease) in the ANTD during the examined period. Two characteristic periods of change for the ANTD appear in the majority of the meteorological stations in Greece. The first period (1955-1976) is determined by a negative trend, which is statistically significant (c.l. 95%), for adequate stations. In the period between 1976 and 2000, the increase in the ANTD and the maximum temperature exceed the corresponding maximum that appeared in the beginning of the 1950s for several of the examined meteorological stations. The human-biometeorological analysis shows that the consecutive days of PET > 35 °C have had a positive trend in the last two decades of the last century.

Long-term history and immediate preceding state affect EEG slow wave characteristics at NREM sleep onset in C57BL/6 mice.

PubMed

Cui, N; Mckillop, L E; Fisher, S P; Oliver, P L; Vyazovskiy, V V

2014-01-01

The dynamics of cortical activity across the 24-h day and at vigilance state transitions is regulated by an interaction between global subcortical neuromodulatory influences and local shifts in network synchrony and excitability. To address the role of long-term and immediate preceding history in local and global cortical dynamics, we investigated cortical EEG recorded from both frontal and occipital regions during an undisturbed 24-h recording in mice. As expected, at the beginning of the light period, under physiologically increased sleep pressure, EEG slow waves were more frequent and had higher amplitude and slopes, compared to the rest of the light period. Within discrete NREM sleep episodes, the incidence, amplitude and slopes of individual slow waves increased progressively after episode onset in both derivations by approximately 10-30%. Interestingly, at the beginning of NREM sleep episodes slow waves in the frontal and occipital derivations frequently occurred in isolation, as quantified by longer latencies between consecutive slow waves in the two regions. Notably, slow waves during the initial period of NREM sleep following REM sleep episodes were significantly less frequent, lower in amplitude and exhibited shallower slopes, compared to those that occurred in NREM episodes after prolonged waking. Moreover, the latencies between consecutive frontal and occipital NREM slow waves were substantially longer when they occurred directly after REM sleep compared to following consolidated wakefulness. Overall these data reveal a complex picture, where both time of day and preceding state contribute to the characteristics and dynamics of slow waves within NREM sleep. These findings suggest that NREM sleep initiates in a more "local" fashion when it occurs following REM sleep episodes as opposed to sustained waking bouts. While the mechanisms and functional significance of such a re-setting of brain state after individual REM sleep episodes remains to be investigated, we suggest that it may be an essential feature of physiological sleep regulation.

Early Integration of Tutorial Support in Beginning Algebra

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Copus, Colleen; McKinney, Betsy

2016-01-01

Anecdotal observations reveal that most students with strong arithmetic skills will succeed in the Beginning Algebra course even if they have no previous experience with algebra. In trying to quantify this with an initial teacher-created survey of arithmetic skills, it was observed, for three consecutive semesters, that students who scored in the…

The "All-Inside" Arthroscopic Broström Procedure With Additional Suture Anchor Augmentation: A Prospective Study of 45 Consecutive Patients.

PubMed

Cottom, James M; Baker, Joseph S; Richardson, Phillip E

Lateral ankle sprains are a common injury that typically respond well to nonoperative therapy. When nonoperative therapy fails and patients develop chronic lateral ankle instability, they become candidates for surgical repair. The present study examined 45 consecutive patients (45 ankles) with chronic lateral ankle instability who underwent arthroscopic Broström repair using a double-row suture anchor construct. The 45 patients (27 females and 18 males) were followed up for a mean of 14 (range 12 to 20) months. The mean time to weightbearing with crutches was 3.3 (range 2 to 4) days, and full weightbearing was initiated at a mean of 14.4 (range 12 to 16) days. All patients participated in structured physical therapy, which was started at 21.6 (range 18 to 23) days. Patients were transitioned to regular shoe gear with a stirrup-style ankle brace at 28.7 (range 26 to 31) days. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scale scores improved from an average preoperative score of 48.7 (range 45 to 55) to 95.4 (range 90 to 100) postoperatively. The average visual analog scale decreased from 8 (range 6 to 10) preoperatively to 0.6 (range 0 to 5) postoperatively at the last follow-up visit. The Karlsson-Peterson score postoperatively was 87 of 100. We have shown that patients with this new arthroscopic Broström technique modified with a proximal suture anchor can begin weightbearing earlier than previously reported, without adverse effects in terms of pain, functional outcomes scores, and clinical outcomes. Copyright © 2016 American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clinical outcomes of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in refractory uveitis.

PubMed

Garcia-Geremias, M; Carreño, E; Epps, S J; Lee, R W J; Dick, A D

2015-04-01

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy has multiple mechanisms of immunomodulatory action. We wished therefore to assess its efficacy in a spectrum of patients with refractory uveitis. Retrospective review of clinical charts was conducted to document response to IVIg treatment in consecutive patients with treatment-refractory uveitis. Main outcome measures were control of intraocular inflammation, visual acuity, progression of the disease, and complications. Four (two male) patients, with a mean age at the beginning of the treatment of 47 years (range: 39-64), were included in the study. Indication for treatment was patients with active non-infectious uveitis refractory to steroids and immunomodulatory therapy. All patients received a course of 0.5 g/kg per day of IVIg for three consecutive days, repeating this course at a mean of 11 week (range: 2-39 weeks) intervals when indicated clinically. The median duration of the IVIg therapy was 7 months (range: 3-14 months). In three patients treatment resulted in stabilisation and prevention of progression of the disease, and additionally in two patients it facilitated a decrease in prednisolone dose. Treatment failed to induce long-term remission in one patient with recurrence of macular oedema. IVIg was well tolerated with neither immediate nor longer-term adverse events observed. In three out of four cases IVIg was an effective adjunctive therapy and well tolerated for the management of treatment-refractory uveitis.

The impact of sustained hot weather on risk of acute work-related injury in Melbourne, Australia.

PubMed

McInnes, Judith Anne; MacFarlane, Ewan M; Sim, Malcolm R; Smith, Peter

2018-02-01

It has been reported that weather-related high ambient temperature is associated with an increased risk of work-related injury. Understanding this relationship is important because work-related injuries are a major public health problem, and because projected climate changes will potentially expose workers to hot days, including consecutive hot days, more often. The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of exposure to sustained periods of hot weather on work-related injury risk for workers in Melbourne, Australia. A time-stratified case crossover study design was utilised to examine the association between two and three consecutive days and two and three consecutive nights of hot weather and the risk of work-related injury, using definitions of hot weather ranging from the 60th to the 95th percentile of daily maximum and minimum temperatures for the Melbourne metropolitan area, 2002-2012. Workers' compensation claim data was used to identify cases of acute work-related injury. Overall, two and three consecutive days of hot weather were associated with an increased risk of injury, with this effect becoming apparent at a daily maximum temperature of 27.6 °C (70th percentile). Three consecutive days of high but not extreme temperatures were associated with the strongest effect, with a 15% increased risk of injury (odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.30) observed when daily maximum temperature was ≥33.3 °C (90th percentile) for three consecutive days, compared to when it was not. At a threshold of 35.5 °C (95th percentile), there was no significant association between temperature and injury for either two or three consecutive days of heat. These findings suggest that warnings to minimise harm to workers from hot weather should be given, and prevention protocol initiated, when consecutive warm days of temperatures lower than extreme heat temperatures are forecast, and well before the upper ranges of ambient daytime temperatures are reached.

The impact of sustained hot weather on risk of acute work-related injury in Melbourne, Australia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McInnes, Judith Anne; MacFarlane, Ewan M.; Sim, Malcolm R.; Smith, Peter

2018-02-01

It has been reported that weather-related high ambient temperature is associated with an increased risk of work-related injury. Understanding this relationship is important because work-related injuries are a major public health problem, and because projected climate changes will potentially expose workers to hot days, including consecutive hot days, more often. The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of exposure to sustained periods of hot weather on work-related injury risk for workers in Melbourne, Australia. A time-stratified case crossover study design was utilised to examine the association between two and three consecutive days and two and three consecutive nights of hot weather and the risk of work-related injury, using definitions of hot weather ranging from the 60th to the 95th percentile of daily maximum and minimum temperatures for the Melbourne metropolitan area, 2002-2012. Workers' compensation claim data was used to identify cases of acute work-related injury. Overall, two and three consecutive days of hot weather were associated with an increased risk of injury, with this effect becoming apparent at a daily maximum temperature of 27.6 °C (70th percentile). Three consecutive days of high but not extreme temperatures were associated with the strongest effect, with a 15% increased risk of injury (odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.30) observed when daily maximum temperature was ≥33.3 °C (90th percentile) for three consecutive days, compared to when it was not. At a threshold of 35.5 °C (95th percentile), there was no significant association between temperature and injury for either two or three consecutive days of heat. These findings suggest that warnings to minimise harm to workers from hot weather should be given, and prevention protocol initiated, when consecutive warm days of temperatures lower than extreme heat temperatures are forecast, and well before the upper ranges of ambient daytime temperatures are reached.

Effect of passive concentration as instructional set for training enhancement of EEG alpha.

PubMed

Knox, S S

1980-12-01

The technique of passive concentration, employed by autogenic training and Transcendental Meditation for achieving relaxation, was tested here as a technique for enhancing EEG alpha. Of 30 subjects displaying between 15% and 74% alpha in their resting EEGs recruited, 10 had to be eliminated. The remaining 20 constituted two groups. One was instructed only to attempt to maintain a tone indicating alpha but given no information about technique (control group). The other was given additional instructions in passive concentration (experimental group). Both were given four 5-min. trials a day for 4 consecutive days. Heart rate and skin conductance were measured to monitor autonomic arousal. The group receiving instructions in passive concentration had significantly less alpha than the control group, which did not increase amount of alpha above baseline. The reduction of alpha in the experimental group was interpreted as resulting from beginning long training periods (20 min. per day), a practice advocated by Transcendental Meditation but discouraged by autogenic training. It was concluded that the relevance of passive concentration for alpha enhancement is doubtful.

Development and Seed Number in Indeterminate Soybean as Affected by Timing and Duration of Exposure to Long Photoperiods after Flowering

PubMed Central

Kantolic, Adriana G.; Slafer, Gustavo A.

2007-01-01

Background and Aims Long photoperiods from flowering to maturity have been found to delay reproductive development in soybean (Glycine max) and to increase the number of seeds per unit land area. This study was aimed to evaluate whether sensitivity to photoperiod after flowering (a) is quantitatively related to the length of exposure to long days and (b) persists throughout the whole pod-setting period. It was also evaluated whether seed number was related to changes in the duration of post-flowering phenophases. Methods Two field experiments were conducted with an indeterminate cultivar of soybean of maturity group V. In expt 1, photoperiods 2 h longer than natural daylength were applied during different numbers of days from the beginning pod stage (R3) onwards, while in expt 2 these photoperiod extensions were imposed during 9 consecutive days starting at different times between R3 and R6 (full seed) stages. Key Results There was a quantitative response of development to the number of cycles with a long photoperiod. The exposure to long photoperiods from R3 to R5 (beginning of seed growth) increased the duration of R3–R6 regardless of the timing of exposure. The stages of development comprised in the R3–R6 phase were delayed by current as well as by previous exposure to long days. A positive relationship was found between seed number and the duration of R3–R6, irrespective of the timing and length of exposure to the long photoperiod. Conclusions Sensitivity to photoperiod remained high during the reproductive period and was highly and positively coupled with the processes of generation of yield. PMID:17452381

40 CFR 422.55 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Total phosphorus (as P... consecutive days shall not exceed— Total phosphorus (as P) 105 35 Fluoride (as F) 75 25 pH (1) (1) 1 Within...

40 CFR 422.55 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Total phosphorus (as P... consecutive days shall not exceed— Total phosphorus (as P) 105 35 Fluoride (as F) 75 25 pH (1) (1) 1 Within...

Intra-individual variation in urinary iodine concentration: effect of statistical correction on population distribution using seasonal three-consecutive-day spot urine in children

PubMed Central

Ji, Xiaohong; Liu, Peng; Sun, Zhenqi; Su, Xiaohui; Wang, Wei; Gao, Yanhui; Sun, Dianjun

2016-01-01

Objective To determine the effect of statistical correction for intra-individual variation on estimated urinary iodine concentration (UIC) by sampling on 3 consecutive days in four seasons in children. Setting School-aged children from urban and rural primary schools in Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. Participants 748 and 640 children aged 8–11 years were recruited from urban and rural schools, respectively, in Harbin. Primary and secondary outcome measures The spot urine samples were collected once a day for 3 consecutive days in each season over 1 year. The UIC of the first day was corrected by two statistical correction methods: the average correction method (average of days 1, 2; average of days 1, 2 and 3) and the variance correction method (UIC of day 1 corrected by two replicates and by three replicates). The variance correction method determined the SD between subjects (Sb) and within subjects (Sw), and calculated the correction coefficient (Fi), Fi=Sb/(Sb+Sw/di), where di was the number of observations. The UIC of day 1 was then corrected using the following equation: Results The variance correction methods showed the overall Fi was 0.742 for 2 days’ correction and 0.829 for 3 days’ correction; the values for the seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter were 0.730, 0.684, 0.706 and 0.703 for 2 days’ correction and 0.809, 0.742, 0.796 and 0.804 for 3 days’ correction, respectively. After removal of the individual effect, the correlation coefficient between consecutive days was 0.224, and between non-consecutive days 0.050. Conclusions The variance correction method is effective for correcting intra-individual variation in estimated UIC following sampling on 3 consecutive days in four seasons in children. The method varies little between ages, sexes and urban or rural setting, but does vary between seasons. PMID:26920442

Nitroglycerin can facilitate weaning of difficult-to-wean chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a prospective interventional non-randomized study

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Introduction Both experimental and clinical data give convincing evidence to acute cardiac dysfunction as the origin or a cofactor of weaning failure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therefore, treatment targeting the cardiovascular system might help the heart to tolerate more effectively the critical period of weaning. This study aims to assess the hemodynamic, respiratory and clinical effects of nitroglycerin infusion in difficult-to-wean patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods Twelve difficult-to-wean (failed ≥ 3 consecutive trials) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, who presented systemic arterial hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mmHg) during weaning failure and had systemic and pulmonary artery catheters in place, participated in this prospective, interventional, non-randomized clinical trial. Patients were studied in two consecutive days, i.e., the first day without (Control day) and the second day with (Study day) nitroglycerin continuous intravenous infusion starting at the beginning of the spontaneous breathing trial, and titrated to maintain normal systolic blood pressure. Hemodynamic, oxygenation and respiratory measurements were performed on mechanical ventilation, and during a 2-hour T-piece spontaneous breathing trial. Primary endpoint was hemodynamic and respiratory effects of nitroglycerin infusion. Secondary endpoint was spontaneous breathing trial and extubation outcome. Results Compared to mechanical ventilation, mean systemic arterial pressure, rate-pressure product, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure increased [from (mean ± SD) 94 ± 14, 13708 ± 3166, 29.9 ± 4.8, and 14.8 ± 3.8 to 109 ± 20mmHg, 19856 ± 4877mmHg b/min, 41.6 ± 5.8mmHg, and 23.4 ± 7.4 mmHg, respectively], and mixed venous oxygen saturation decreased (from 75.7 ± 3.5 to 69.3 ± 7.5%) during failing trials on Control day, whereas they did not change on Study day. Venous admixture increased throughout the trial on both Control day and Study day, but this increase was lower on Study day. Whereas weaning failed in all patients on Control day, nitroglycerin administration on Study day enabled a successful spontaneous breathing trial and extubation in 92% and 88% of patients, respectively. Conclusions In this clinical setting, nitroglycerin infusion can expedite the weaning by restoring weaning-induced cardiovascular compromise. PMID:21078149

Three consecutive days of interval runs to exhaustion affects lymphocyte subset apoptosis and migration.

PubMed

Navalta, James W; Tibana, Ramires Alsamir; Fedor, Elizabeth A; Vieira, Amilton; Prestes, Jonato

2014-01-01

This investigation assessed the lymphocyte subset response to three days of intermittent run exercise to exhaustion. Twelve healthy college-aged males (n = 8) and females (n = 4) (age = 26 ± 4 years; height = 170.2 ± 10 cm; body mass = 75 ± 18 kg) completed an exertion test (maximal running speed and VO2max) and later performed three consecutive days of an intermittent run protocol to exhaustion (30 sec at maximal running speed and 30 sec at half of the maximal running speed). Blood was collected before exercise (PRE) and immediately following the treadmill bout (POST) each day. When the absolute change from baseline was evaluated (i. e., Δ baseline), a significant change in CD4+ and CD8+ for CX3CR1 cells was observed by completion of the third day. Significant changes in both apoptosis and migration were observed following two consecutive days in CD19+ lymphocytes, and the influence of apoptosis persisted following the third day. Given these lymphocyte responses, it is recommended that a rest day be incorporated following two consecutive days of a high-intensity intermittent run program to minimize immune cell modulations and reduce potential susceptibility.

49 CFR 395.5 - Maximum driving time for passenger-carrying vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... hours in any 7 consecutive days if the employing motor carrier does not operate commercial motor vehicles every day of the week; or (2) Having been on duty 70 hours in any period of 8 consecutive days if the employing motor carrier operates commercial motor vehicles every day of the week. [70 FR 50073...

40 CFR 422.43 - Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Total phosphorus (as P) 105 35 Fluoride (as F) 75 25 (d... Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Total phosphorus...

40 CFR 422.43 - Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Total phosphorus (as P) 105 35 Fluoride (as F) 75 25 (d... Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Total phosphorus...

49 CFR 395.3 - Maximum driving time for property-carrying vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... on duty 60 hours in any period of 7 consecutive days if the employing motor carrier does not operate commercial motor vehicles every day of the week; or (2) Having been on duty 70 hours in any period of 8 consecutive days if the employing motor carrier operates commercial motor vehicles every day of the week. (c...

Prevention of heterotopic bone formation with early post operative irradiation in high risk patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty: comparison of 10. 00 Gy vs 20. 00 Gy schedules

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Anthony, P.; Keys, H.; Evarts, C.M.

1987-03-01

Prior studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of postoperative radiation therapy (RT) to the hip area following total hip replacement (THR) surgery in preventing the development of heterotopic bone formation in patients considered to be at high risk for development of this complication. Previously, patients received 20.00 Gy in 10 fractions (fx) over 2 weeks, beginning as soon postop as medically feasible (usually post-op day 2). In an effort to reduce hospital stay and risk of secondary malignancy, a prospective treatment program was initiated April 1982 using a reduced dose of 10.00 Gy in 5 fx over 5-7 days. As ofmore » February 1984, 46 consecutive hips determined to be at high risk were treated with this reduced dose. Prior studies have demonstrated that heterotopic bone is always radiographically evident by 8 weeks. Of the 46 hips, 41 had been evaluated with the minimum required 8 week follow-up X ray. Twenty-five of these hips, 61%, had a mean long term follow-up of 12 months. It historical control group, consisting of 54 consecutive high risk post-THR's, was shown to have a 68.5% incidence of heterotopic bone. The 20.00 Gy group, when RT was started by post-op day 5, demonstrated a 3.2% incidence, compared to 4.9% in the 10.00 Gy group. Complication rates were also comparable in the two RT groups, 19.4% and 7.3% respectively; 10.00 Gy is apparently as effective as 20.00 Gy in preventing heterotopic bone formation in high risk post-THR patients.« less

Cognitive consequences of sleep deprivation, shiftwork, and heat exposure for underground miners.

PubMed

Legault, Glenn; Clement, Alexandra; Kenny, Glen P; Hardcastle, Stephen; Keller, Nancy

2017-01-01

Sleep deprivation, abnormal sleep patterns arising from working rotating shifts, and exposure to high ambient temperatures contribute to physical and cognitive dysfunction. We examined the effects of these on 19 (41.5 ± 5.1 years) male underground miners. Data were collected for 28 to 30 consecutive days such that the participants experienced their full rotating shift schedule, including days off. Objective measures of sleep quality (actigraphy), attentional capacity (psychomotor vigilance task), core body temperature (visceral pill), executive function (BRIEF-A) and subjective measures of fatigue (Karolinska and Epworth Sleepiness scales) were obtained over the 28-30 day period. Non-parametric analyses (χ(2), Wilcoxen Signed ranks) were used to determine differences between shift types and days off. Z-tests were used to compare sample data to population norms. These revealed that the participants experienced poor quality of sleep relative to age-matched norms irrespective of the shift being worked or if the participant was on a scheduled day off [30-39 year olds: z = -14.62, p < 0.001; 40-49 year olds: z = -4.44, p < 0.001]. Participants when working day shift experienced less sleep prior to beginning work compared to their days off or night shift; however, no differences in total sleep time between when participants worked day or night shifts were observed [χ(2) (2, n = 18) = 13.44, p < 0.01]. When measured subjectively, the only time participants reported excessive sleepiness was after a night shift. Objective measures of attentional capacity showed best performance at the beginning of night shifts in contrast to any other time that the task was completed; however, performance degraded dramatically over the course of the night shift [χ(2) (2, n = 12) = 6.50, p < 0.05]. We show that underground miners reported for work sleep deprived. The cognitive consequences of this poor sleep were most pronounced during night shift when their attentional capacity declined rapidly over the course of the night shift. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Magnitude and frequency of low flows in the Suwannee River Water Management District, Florida

USGS Publications Warehouse

Giese, G.L.; Franklin, M.A.

1996-01-01

Low-flow frequency statistics for 20 gaging stations having at least 10 years of continuous record and 31 other stations having less than 10 years of continu ous record or a series of at least two low- flow measurements are presented for unregulated streams in the Suwannee River Water Management District in north-central Florida. Statistics for the 20 continuous-record stations included are the annual and monthly minimum consecutive-day average low- flow magnitudes for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 consecutive days for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 20, and, for some long-term stations, 50 years, based on records available through the 1994 climatic year.Only theannual statistics are given for the 31 other stations; these are for the 7- and 30-consecutive day periods only and for recurrence intervals of 2 and 10 years only. Annual low-flow frequency statistics range from zero for many small streams to 5,500 cubic feet per second for the annual 30- consecutive-day average flow with a recurrenceinterval of 2 years for the Suwannee River near Wilcox (station 02323500). Monthly low-flow frequency statistics range from zero for many small streams to 13,800 cubic feet per second for the minimum 30-consecutive-day average flow with a 2-year recurrence interval for the month of March for the same station. Generally, low-flow characteristics of streams in the Suwannee River Water Management District are controlled by climatic, topographic, and geologic fac tors. The carbonate Floridan aquifer system underlies, or is at the surface of, the entire District. The terrane's karstic nature results in manysinkholes and springs. In some places, springs may contribute greatly to low streamflow and the contributing areas of such springs may include areasoutside the presumed surface drainage area of the springs. In other places, water may enter sinkholes within a drainage basin, then reappear in springs downstream from a gage. Many of the smaller streams in the District go dry or have no flow forseveral months in many years. In addition to the low-flow statistics, four synoptic low-flow measurement surveys were conducted on 161 sites during 1990, 1995, and 1996. Themeasurements were made to provide "snapshots" of flow conditions of streams throughout the Suwannee River Water Management District. Magnitudes of low flows during the 1990 series of measurements were in the range associated withminimum 7-consecutive-day 50-year recurrence interval to the minimum 7-consecutive-day 20-year recurrence interval, except in Taylor and Dixie Counties, where the magnitudes ranged from the minimum 7-consecutive-day 5-year flow level to the7-consecutive-day 2-year flow level. The magnitudes were all greater than the minimum 7- consecutive-day 2-year flow level during 1995 and 1996. Observations of no flow were recorded at many of the sites for all four series of measurements.

The 2100MHz radiofrequency radiation of a 3G-mobile phone and the DNA oxidative damage in brain.

PubMed

Sahin, Duygu; Ozgur, Elcin; Guler, Goknur; Tomruk, Arın; Unlu, Ilhan; Sepici-Dinçel, Aylin; Seyhan, Nesrin

2016-09-01

We aimed to evaluate the effect of 2100MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted by a generator, simulating a 3G-mobile phone on the brain of rats during 10 and 40 days of exposure. The female rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I; exposed to 3G modulated 2100MHz RFR signal for 6h/day, 5 consecutive days/wk for 2 weeks, group II; control 10 days, were kept in an inactive exposure set-up for 6h/day, 5 consecutive days/wk for 2 weeks, group III; exposed to 3G modulated 2100MHz RFR signal for 6h/day, 5 consecutive days/wk for 8 weeks and group IV; control 40 days, were kept in an inactive exposure set-up for 6h/day, 5 consecutive days/wk for 8 weeks. After the genomic DNA content of brain was extracted, oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine, pg/mL) and malondialdehyde (MDA, nmoL/g tissue) levels were determined. Our main finding was the increased oxidative DNA damage to brain after 10 days of exposure with the decreased oxidative DNA damage following 40 days of exposure compared to their control groups. Besides decreased lipid peroxidation end product, MDA, was observed after 40 days of exposure. The measured decreased quantities of damage during the 40 days of exposure could be the means of adapted and increased DNA repair mechanisms. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Intermittent fasting in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of hypoglycaemia: a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Corley, B T; Carroll, R W; Hall, R M; Weatherall, M; Parry-Strong, A; Krebs, J D

2018-05-01

To establish whether the risk of hypoglycaemia is greater with 2 consecutive days of very-low-calorie diet compared with 2 non-consecutive days of very-low-calorie diet in people with Type 2 diabetes. This was a non-blinded randomized parallel group interventional trial of intermittent fasting in adults. The participants had a BMI of 30-45 kg/m 2 , Type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and/or hypoglycaemic medications and an HbA 1c concentration of 50-86 mmol/mol (6.7-10%). The participants followed a 2092-2510-kJ diet on 2 days per week for 12 weeks. A total of 41 participants were randomized 1:1 to consecutive (n=19) or non-consecutive (n=22) day fasts, of whom 37 (n=18 and n=19, respectively) were included in the final analysis. The primary outcome was difference in the rate of hypoglycaemia between the two study arms. Secondary outcomes included change in diet, quality of life, weight, lipid, glucose and HbA 1c levels, and liver function. The mean hypoglycaemia rate was 1.4 events over 12 weeks. Fasting increased the rate of hypoglycaemia despite medication reduction (RR 2.05, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.52). There was no difference between fasting on consecutive days and fasting on non-consecutive days (RR 1.54, 95% CI 0.35 to 6.11). Improvements in weight, HbA 1c , fasting glucose and quality of life were experienced by participants in both arms. In individuals with Type 2 diabetes on hypoglycaemic medications, fasting of any type increased the rate of hypoglycaemia. With education and medication reduction, fewer than expected hypoglycaemic events occurred. Although it was not possible to determine whether fasting on consecutive days increased the risk of hypoglycaemia, an acceptable rate was observed in both arms. © 2018 Diabetes UK.

8-OH-DPAT does not interfere with habituation to motion-induced emesis in cats

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lucot, James B.; Crampton, George H.

1991-01-01

Experiments were performed to determine if suppression of motion-induced emesis (motion sickness) by 8-OH-DPAT altered the development or retention of habituation to the motion stimulus. Cats received 8-OH-DPAT followed by provocative motion on three consecutive treatment days. A drug-free test on the fourth day resulted in an incidence of emesis that was not different from that obtained on the fourth consecutive day of drug-free motion testing. Three consecutive days of treatment with 8-OH-DPAT without motion had no effect on the incidence of motion sickness on the fourth day. It was concluded that suppression of motion sickness by 8-OH-DPAT does not alter the acquisition or retention of habituation.

43 CFR 3862.4-1 - Newspaper publication.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... consecutive issues; if semiweekly or triweekly, in the issue of the same day of each week for nine consecutive weeks. In all cases the first day of issues shall be excluded in estimating the period of 60 days. [35... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Newspaper publication. 3862.4-1 Section...

40 CFR 418.35 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Urea Subcategory § 418.35... values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.53 0.27 Organic nitrogen (as N) .45 .24... any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.53 0.27...

40 CFR 418.35 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Urea Subcategory § 418.35... values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.53 0.27 Organic nitrogen (as N) .45 .24... any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.53 0.27...

40 CFR 418.35 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Urea Subcategory § 418.35... values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.53 0.27 Organic nitrogen (as N) .45 .24... any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.53 0.27...

40 CFR 418.35 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Urea Subcategory § 418.35... values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.53 0.27 Organic nitrogen (as N) .45 .24... any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.53 0.27...

Iron Supplementation during Three Consecutive Days of Endurance Training Augmented Hepcidin Levels.

PubMed

Ishibashi, Aya; Maeda, Naho; Kamei, Akiko; Goto, Kazushige

2017-07-30

Iron supplementation contributes an effort to improving iron status among athletes, but it does not always prevent iron deficiency. In the present study, we explored the effect of three consecutive days of endurance training (twice daily) on the hepcidin-25 (hepcidin) level. The effect of iron supplementation during this period was also determined. Fourteen male endurance athletes were enrolled and randomly assigned to either an iron-treated condition (Fe condition, n = 7) or a placebo condition (Control condition; CON, n = 7). They engaged in two 75-min sessions of treadmill running at 75% of maximal oxygen uptake on three consecutive days (days 1-3). The Fe condition took 12 mg of iron twice daily (24 mg/day), and the CON condition did not. On day 1, both conditions exhibited significant increases in serum hepcidin and plasma interleukin-6 levels after exercise ( p < 0.05). In the CON condition, the hepcidin level did not change significantly throughout the training period. However, in the Fe condition, the serum hepcidin level on day 4 was significantly higher than that of the CON condition ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, the hepcidin level was significantly elevated following three consecutive days of endurance training when moderate doses of iron were taken.

Iron Supplementation during Three Consecutive Days of Endurance Training Augmented Hepcidin Levels

PubMed Central

Ishibashi, Aya; Maeda, Naho; Kamei, Akiko; Goto, Kazushige

2017-01-01

Iron supplementation contributes an effort to improving iron status among athletes, but it does not always prevent iron deficiency. In the present study, we explored the effect of three consecutive days of endurance training (twice daily) on the hepcidin-25 (hepcidin) level. The effect of iron supplementation during this period was also determined. Fourteen male endurance athletes were enrolled and randomly assigned to either an iron-treated condition (Fe condition, n = 7) or a placebo condition (Control condition; CON, n = 7). They engaged in two 75-min sessions of treadmill running at 75% of maximal oxygen uptake on three consecutive days (days 1–3). The Fe condition took 12 mg of iron twice daily (24 mg/day), and the CON condition did not. On day 1, both conditions exhibited significant increases in serum hepcidin and plasma interleukin-6 levels after exercise (p < 0.05). In the CON condition, the hepcidin level did not change significantly throughout the training period. However, in the Fe condition, the serum hepcidin level on day 4 was significantly higher than that of the CON condition (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the hepcidin level was significantly elevated following three consecutive days of endurance training when moderate doses of iron were taken. PMID:28758951

40 CFR 418.15 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Total phosphorus (as P) 105 35 Fluoride... consecutive days shall not exceed— Total phosphorus (as P) 105 35 Fluoride 75 25 [39 FR 12836, Apr. 8, 1974...

40 CFR 418.15 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Total phosphorus (as P) 105 35 Fluoride... consecutive days shall not exceed— Total phosphorus (as P) 105 35 Fluoride 75 25 [39 FR 12836, Apr. 8, 1974...

Immunosuppressive activity of tilmicosin on the immune responses in mice.

PubMed

Guan, Shuang; Song, Yu; Guo, Weixiao; Chu, Xiao; Zhang, Xiaozhe; Wang, Dacheng; Lu, Jing; Deng, Xuming

2011-06-01

Tilmicosin, a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic that is only used in the veterinary clinic, was evaluated for its immunosuppressive activity on the immune responses to ovalbumin (OVA) in mice. Tilmicosin suppressed concanavalin A (Con A)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation in vitro. BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with OVA on day 1 and 4. Beginning on the day of boosting immunization, the mice were administered intraperitoneally with tilmicosin at a single dose of 10, 30, and 90 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days. On day 14, blood samples were collected for measuring specific total-immunoglobulin G (total-IgG), IgG1, IgG2b, and splenocytes were harvested for determining lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-4 production. The results demonstrated that tilmicosin could significantly suppress Con A-induced splenocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, decrease LPS-and OVA-induced splenocyte proliferation only at high concentration, produced less IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ as compared to the control in the OVA-immunized mice. Moreover, the OVA-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2b levels in the OVA-immunized mice were reduced by tilmicosin. These results suggest that tilmicosin could suppress the cellular and humoral immune response in mice.

40 CFR 418.32 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Urea... daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.95 0.48 Organic nitrogen (as N...) Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 1...

40 CFR 418.32 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Urea... daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.95 0.48 Organic nitrogen (as N...) Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 1...

40 CFR 418.32 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Urea... daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.95 0.48 Organic nitrogen (as N...) Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 1...

40 CFR 418.32 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Urea... daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.95 0.48 Organic nitrogen (as N...) Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 1...

Phase 2 Study of AZD2014, a Dual mTORC1/mTORC1 Inhibitor,for NF2 Patients with Progressive or Symptomatic Meningiomas

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-01

will be administered on a repeating basis at a dose of 125 mg twice daily for two consecutive days out of every seven days (1 cycle = 28 days ...a repeating basis at a dose of 125 mg twice daily for two consecutive days out of every seven days (1 cycle = 28 days ). Treatment will continue until...immunohistochemical analysis of blood and tumor specimens. Funding support N/A Name Justin Jordan, MD, MPH Project Role Co-Investigator Nearest

Random Regression Models Using Legendre Polynomials to Estimate Genetic Parameters for Test-day Milk Protein Yields in Iranian Holstein Dairy Cattle.

PubMed

Naserkheil, Masoumeh; Miraie-Ashtiani, Seyed Reza; Nejati-Javaremi, Ardeshir; Son, Jihyun; Lee, Deukhwan

2016-12-01

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of milk protein yields in Iranian Holstein dairy cattle. A total of 1,112,082 test-day milk protein yield records of 167,269 first lactation Holstein cows, calved from 1990 to 2010, were analyzed. Estimates of the variance components, heritability, and genetic correlations for milk protein yields were obtained using a random regression test-day model. Milking times, herd, age of recording, year, and month of recording were included as fixed effects in the model. Additive genetic and permanent environmental random effects for the lactation curve were taken into account by applying orthogonal Legendre polynomials of the fourth order in the model. The lowest and highest additive genetic variances were estimated at the beginning and end of lactation, respectively. Permanent environmental variance was higher at both extremes. Residual variance was lowest at the middle of the lactation and contrarily, heritability increased during this period. Maximum heritability was found during the 12th lactation stage (0.213±0.007). Genetic, permanent, and phenotypic correlations among test-days decreased as the interval between consecutive test-days increased. A relatively large data set was used in this study; therefore, the estimated (co)variance components for random regression coefficients could be used for national genetic evaluation of dairy cattle in Iran.

Random Regression Models Using Legendre Polynomials to Estimate Genetic Parameters for Test-day Milk Protein Yields in Iranian Holstein Dairy Cattle

PubMed Central

Naserkheil, Masoumeh; Miraie-Ashtiani, Seyed Reza; Nejati-Javaremi, Ardeshir; Son, Jihyun; Lee, Deukhwan

2016-01-01

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of milk protein yields in Iranian Holstein dairy cattle. A total of 1,112,082 test-day milk protein yield records of 167,269 first lactation Holstein cows, calved from 1990 to 2010, were analyzed. Estimates of the variance components, heritability, and genetic correlations for milk protein yields were obtained using a random regression test-day model. Milking times, herd, age of recording, year, and month of recording were included as fixed effects in the model. Additive genetic and permanent environmental random effects for the lactation curve were taken into account by applying orthogonal Legendre polynomials of the fourth order in the model. The lowest and highest additive genetic variances were estimated at the beginning and end of lactation, respectively. Permanent environmental variance was higher at both extremes. Residual variance was lowest at the middle of the lactation and contrarily, heritability increased during this period. Maximum heritability was found during the 12th lactation stage (0.213±0.007). Genetic, permanent, and phenotypic correlations among test-days decreased as the interval between consecutive test-days increased. A relatively large data set was used in this study; therefore, the estimated (co)variance components for random regression coefficients could be used for national genetic evaluation of dairy cattle in Iran. PMID:26954192

What is the preferred number of consecutive night shifts? results from a crossover intervention study among police officers in Denmark.

PubMed

Nabe-Nielsen, Kirsten; Jensen, Marie Aarrebo; Hansen, Åse Marie; Kristiansen, Jesper; Garde, Anne Helene

2016-10-01

Among police officers in Denmark, we studied (i) how many consecutive night shifts participants preferred at baseline; (ii) preferences regarding three intervention conditions (two, four, and seven consecutive night shifts followed by the same number of days off/day shifts: '2 + 2', '4 + 4', '7 + 7') at follow-up; (iii) characteristics of participants preferring each of these intervention conditions. Questionnaire data from a crossover intervention study were used (baseline: n = 73; follow-up: n = 68). At baseline, 49% preferred four consecutive night shifts. At follow-up, 57% preferred '4 + 4', 26% preferred '2 + 2' and 26% preferred '7 + 7'. Participants, who preferred longer spells of night work experienced that night work was less demanding, found it easier to sleep at different times of the day, and were more frequently evening types compared with participants who preferred shorter spells of night work. The participants' preferences are likely to be influenced by their previous shift work experience. Practitioner Summary: We investigated police officers' preferences regarding the number of consecutive night shifts. The majority preferred four consecutive night shifts. Those who preferred the longer spells of night work found night work less demanding, found it easier to sleep at different times of the day, and were more frequently evening types.

Oxygen consumption and survival prediction in neonatal rats exposed to prenatal hypervitaminosis A.

PubMed

Newman, L M; Johnson, E M; Cadogan, A S

1983-10-01

Fetal exposure to excess vitamin A results in a highly variable degree of lung pathology and high neonatal mortality in the Long-Evans rat. The present study evaluated O2 consumption in newborn of vitamin A-treated, vehicle-treated, and untreated pregnancies on five consecutive postnatal days beginning with the day of delivery (D0). Pregnant female rats were treated by gavage with 160,000 USP units of retinyl acetate dissolved in 0.5 ml corn oil on days 15 through 19 of gestation. Vehicle and undisturbed controls were run concurrently. All animals delivered spontaneously, and the pups were tattooed and individually tested in a closed system consisting of three chambers submerged within a thermostatically controlled water bath at 33 degrees C. Vitamin A-exposed pups, as a group, have significantly lower QO2 (ml O2 consumed/min/kg body weight) values than controls through postnatal day 2 (p less than 0.05). By days 3 and 4 of age, the mean QO2 values of surviving vitamin A-treated pups were similar to those of controls. A QO2 of 30 or greater on day 0 appears to be critical for early neonatal survival of vitamin A-exposed pups, as 87% of the pups with initial QO2 less than 30 died prior to day 4. Oxygen consumption rates in teratogen-exposed pups exhibiting low QO2 on day 0 rarely reached normal levels. In contrast, the occasional control pup with such low initial levels were well within normal limits (means +/- 1 SD) by the following day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

75 FR 33664 - Hours of Service of Drivers: RockTenn, Application for Exemption

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-14

... to 16 hours per day and be allowed to return to work with less than the mandatory 10 consecutive... required 10 hours off duty prior to returning to work and only allows them to work a maximum of 14 consecutive hours on any given day. They have three 8-hour shifts up to 7 days a week, and there are two...

The impact of long work hours and shift work on cognitive errors in nurses.

PubMed

Rhéaume, Ann; Mullen, Jane

2018-01-01

Pilot study to examine the impact of long work hours and shift work on cognitive errors in nurses. Twelve-hour shifts are more commonly used in hospital settings and there is growing concern over the impact that extended and irregular work hours have on nurses' well-being and performance. Twenty-eight nurses working different shifts (8-hr days and 12-hr rotation) participated in this study. Nurses were assessed at the beginning of four consecutive shifts using actigraphy, a sleep diary and an after work questionnaire. Nurses working 12-hr rotations had less total sleep time and less sleep efficiency than 8-hr day nurses. Twelve-hour rotation nurses also napped more than their counterparts. There were no differences between the two groups with respect to cognitive errors. Twelve-hour rotations have a negative effect on nurses' sleep patterns. There is no evidence indicating 12-hr rotations increased errors. Nurse managers can implement specific strategies, such as greater shift work flexibility and designated quiet time, to reduce the effects of disturbed sleep patterns in nurses. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Chimpanzee sleep stages.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Freemon, F. R.; Mcnew, J. J.; Adey, W. R.

1971-01-01

The electroencephalogram and electro-oculogram of two unrestrained juvenile chimpanzees was monitored for 7 consecutive nights using telemetry methods. Of the sleeping time, 23% was spent in the rapid eye movement of REM type of sleep, whereas 8, 4, 15, and 10% were spent in non-REM stages 1 through 4, respectively. Seven to nine periods of REM sleep occurred per night. The average time from the beginning of one REM period to the beginning of the next was approximately 85 min.

Individual Behavior of Workers of the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) on Consecutive Days of Tunnel Construction

PubMed Central

Cornelius, Mary L.

2012-01-01

This study examines the individual behavior of workers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shirkai, on two consecutive days of tunnel construction. In each trial, a group of 30 termite workers was observed continuously during the first 60 min of construction of a new tunnel on two consecutive days. On each day, an average of 68% of individuals did not participate in tunnel construction, 19% spent <25 min tunneling, and 13% spent ≥25 min tunneling. There were specific individuals that did most of the work in the construction of new tunnels on both days. An individual that spent at least 25 min tunneling on Day 1 was significantly more likely to spend at least 25 min tunneling on Day 2 than individuals that spent <25 min tunneling on Day 1. When individuals were ranked based on the time spent tunneling on Day 1 and Day 2, there were individuals ranked as one of the top four excavators on both days in three of the four groups. These results indicate that there is evidence of task allocation by termite workers during the construction of a new tunnel. PMID:26466529

Short-term improvement of erectile dysfunction by viewing humorous films in patients with atopic dermatitis.

PubMed

Kimata, Hajime

2008-09-01

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by eczema, pruritus and cutaneous hyperreactivity to allergic triggers. We and others have reported that psychogenic stress aggravates these symptoms, while viewing humorous films alleviates them. We have also found that many AD patients suffer from erectile dysfunction (ED). ED exhibits multifactorial etiologies, including psychogenic stress and reduction of serum testosterone levels. This study assessed the effects of viewing humorous films on ED in patients with AD. The effects of viewing humorous films on International Index Erectile Function (IIEF) domain (erectile function, orgasmic function, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, overall satisfaction) were studied. Subjects comprised 36 AD patients with ED and their healthy wives. Randomly assigned 18 patients and their healthy wives first viewed humorous films on three consecutive days (Days 1-3). After 2 weeks, they viewed control nonhumorous weather information films on three consecutive days (Days 1-3). Alternatively, other 18 patients and their wives first viewed control films on three consecutive days, and after 2 weeks they viewed humorous films on three consecutive days. Severity of ED and serum testosterone and estradiol levels were assessed 1 day before viewing (Day -1) and 1-4 days after viewing (Days 4-7). Viewing humorous films significantly improved the IIEF domain in association with increased serum testosterone levels and decreased serum estradiol levels on Day 4, while viewing control films failed to do so. However, this effect was short-term. After 4 days of viewing (Day 7), no improvement in ED or modulation of serum sex hormone levels was observed. Viewing humorous films improved ED in AD patients in association with increased serum testosterone levels and decreased serum estradiol levels. These results may be useful for the study and treatment of ED.

Satellite Ocean Color: Present Status, Future Challenges

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gregg, Watson W.; McClain, Charles R.; Zukor, Dorothy J. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

We are midway into our 5th consecutive year of nearly continuous, high quality ocean color observations from space. The Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner/Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances (OCTS/POLDER: Nov. 1996 - Jun. 1997), the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS: Sep. 1997 - present), and now the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS: Sep. 2000 - present) have and are providing unprecedented views of chlorophyll dynamics on global scales. Global synoptic views of ocean chlorophyll were once a fantasy for ocean color scientists. It took nearly the entire 8-year lifetime of limited Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) observations to compile seasonal climatologies. Now SeaWIFS produces comparably complete fields in about 8 days. For the first time, scientists may observe spatial and temporal variability never before seen in a synoptic context. Even more exciting, we are beginning to plausibly ask questions of interannual variability. We stand at the beginning of long-time time series of ocean color, from which we may begin to ask questions of interdecadal variability and climate change. These are the scientific questions being addressed by users of the 18-year Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer time series with respect to terrestrial processes and ocean temperatures. The nearly 5-year time series of ocean color observations now being constructed, with possibilities of continued observations, can put us at comparable standing with our terrestrial and physical oceanographic colleagues, and enable us to understand how ocean biological processes contribute to, and are affected by global climate change.

[Evolution in muscle strength in critical patients with invasive mechanical ventilation].

PubMed

Via Clavero, G; Sanjuán Naváis, M; Menéndez Albuixech, M; Corral Ansa, L; Martínez Estalella, G; Díaz-Prieto-Huidobro, A

2013-01-01

To assess the evolution of muscle strength in critically ill patients with mechanical ventilation (MV) from withdrawal of sedatives to hospital discharge. A cohort study was conducted in two intensive care units in the Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge from November 2011 to March 2012. Consecutive patients with MV > 72h. Dependent outcome: Muscle strength measured with the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale beginning on the first day the patient was able to answer 3 out of 5 simple orders (day 1), every week, at ICU discharge and at hospital discharge or at day 60 Independent outcomes: factors associated with muscle strength loss, ventilator-free days, ICU length of stay and hospital length of stay. The patients were distributed into two groups (MRC< 48, MRC ≥ 48) after the first measurement. Thirty-four patients were assessed. Independent outcomes associated with muscle strength weakness were: days with cardiovascular SOFA >2 (P<.001) and days with costicosteroids (P<.001). Initial MRC in MRC<48 group was 38 (27-43), and 52 (50-54) in MRC ≥ 48. The largest muscle strength gain was obtained the first week (31% versus 52%). A MRC < 48 value was associated with more MV days (P<.007) and a longer ICU stay. (P<.003). The greatest muscle strength gain after withdrawing of the sedatives was achieved in the first week. Muscle strength loss was associated with a cardiovascular SOFA > 2 and costicosteroids. Patients with a MRC < 48 required more days with MV and a longer ICU stay. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier España, S.L. y SEEIUC. All rights reserved.

Effect of Intermittent Energy Restriction on Flow Mediated Dilatation, a Measure of Endothelial Function: A Short Report.

PubMed

Headland, Michelle L; Clifton, Peter M; Keogh, Jennifer B

2018-06-04

Intermittent energy restriction is a popular alternative to daily energy restriction for weight loss; however, it is unknown if endothelial function, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is altered by periods of severe energy restriction. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of two consecutive very low energy intake days, which is the core component of the 5:2 intermittent energy restriction diet strategy, on endothelial function compared to consecutive ad libitum eating days. The secondary objective was to explore the effects of these dietary conditions on fasting glucose concentrations. This was a 4-week randomized, single-blinded, crossover study of 35 participants. Participants consumed a very low energy diet (500 calories for women, 600 calories for men) on two consecutive days per week and 5 days of habitual eating. In weeks 3 and 4 of the trial, participants had measurements of flow mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood samples taken following either 2 habitual eating days or 2 energy restricted days in a randomized order. FMD values were not different after the two eating states (8.6% vs. 8.3%, p = 0.7). All other outcome variables were unchanged. Endothelial function, as measured by flow mediated dilatation, was not altered by two consecutive very low energy intake days. Further investigations assessing the impact in specific population groups as well as different testing conditions would be beneficial.

[Lack of protection against gentamicin ototoxicity by auditory conditioning with noise].

PubMed

Strose, Alex; Hyppolito, Miguel Ângelo; Colombari, Gleice Cristina; Rossato, Maria; Oliveira, Jose Antônio Aparecido de

2014-01-01

Auditory conditioning consists of the pre-exposure to low levels of a potential harmful agent to protect against a subsequent harmful exposure. To confirm if conditioning with an agent different from that used to cause the trauma can also be effective. This was an experimental study with 17 guinea pigs, divided into three groups: an ototoxic control group (Cont) that received intramuscular administration of gentamicin 160 mg/kg/day for ten consecutive days, but no sound exposure; a sound control group (Sound) that was exposed to 85 dB broadband noise centered at 4 kHz, 30 min each day for ten consecutive days, but received no ototoxic medications; and an experimental group (Expt) that received sound exposure identical to the Sound group and after each noise presentation, received gentamicin similarly to Cont group. The animals were evaluated by distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), and scanning electron microscopy. The animals that were conditioned with noise did not show any protective effect compared with the ones that received only the ototoxic gentamicin administration. This lack of protection was observed functionally and morphologically. Conditioning with 85 dB broadband noises, 30 min a day for ten consecutive days does not protect against an ototoxic gentamicin administration of 160 mg/kg/day for ten consecutive days in the guinea pig. Copyright © 2014 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Perceived parenting styles, personality traits and sleep patterns in adolescents.

PubMed

Brand, Serge; Hatzinger, Martin; Beck, Johannes; Holsboer-Trachsler, Edith

2009-10-01

The present study examined the role of parenting styles with respect to adolescents' sleep patterns and symptoms of depression and anxiety. A total of 246 adolescents (age: 17.58+/-1.62) took part in the study. They completed several questionnaires with regard to parenting styles and to symptoms of anxiety and depression; additionally, they filled in a questionnaire assessing sleep-related personality traits and completed a sleep log for 7 consecutive days. Results showed a high overlap between parenting styles of both parents, though with a different relation to adolescents' sleep. Adverse parenting styles were highly correlated with low sleep quality, negative mood, increased daytime sleepiness, and with increased symptoms of anxiety and depression. Adolescents with low positive and high negative parenting styles displayed the most unfavorable sleep-related personality traits. Results suggest that parenting styles are related to young people's sleep pattern even at the beginning of late adolescence.

Multivariate Regression Analysis of Winter Ozone Events in the Uinta Basin of Eastern Utah, USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mansfield, M. L.

2012-12-01

I report on a regression analysis of a number of variables that are involved in the formation of winter ozone in the Uinta Basin of Eastern Utah. One goal of the analysis is to develop a mathematical model capable of predicting the daily maximum ozone concentration from values of a number of independent variables. The dependent variable is the daily maximum ozone concentration at a particular site in the basin. Independent variables are (1) daily lapse rate, (2) daily "basin temperature" (defined below), (3) snow cover, (4) midday solar zenith angle, (5) monthly oil production, (6) monthly gas production, and (7) the number of days since the beginning of a multi-day inversion event. Daily maximum temperature and daily snow cover data are available at ten or fifteen different sites throughout the basin. The daily lapse rate is defined operationally as the slope of the linear least-squares fit to the temperature-altitude plot, and the "basin temperature" is defined as the value assumed by the same least-squares line at an altitude of 1400 m. A multi-day inversion event is defined as a set of consecutive days for which the lapse rate remains positive. The standard deviation in the accuracy of the model is about 10 ppb. The model has been combined with historical climate and oil & gas production data to estimate historical ozone levels.

Doxycycline depletion and residues in eggs after oral administration to laying hens.

PubMed

Gajda, Anna; Posyniak, Andrzej

2015-01-01

The depletion of doxycycline (DC) residues in eggs was determined after oral drug administration by drinking water to laying hens. The antibiotic was supplied to birds for 5 consecutive days and the eggs were collected during medication and 18 days after withdrawal. DC residues were determined by LC-MS/MS. DC was isolated from eggs with a solution of 0.02 M of oxalic acid (pH 4), 0.1 M Na2EDTA and acetonitrile. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method were 2 and 5 µg kg(-1), respectively. Analyses were performed on whole egg, egg white and yolk separately. DC was detectable 24 h after the beginning of administration. The concentration of antibiotic increased daily, resulting in the highest DC concentration in whole eggs at the first day of the withdrawal period. Thirteen days after withdrawal, the content of DC in whole eggs was below the LOQ of the method. However, some differences were found in the depletion curve of DC between egg white and yolk. Residues of DC in egg white were much higher during treatment and 1 day after withdrawal, but later the concentration in egg white decreased fairly rapidly and a higher DC content in egg yolk was observed. The depletion period was shorter for egg white than for yolk, and DC was detected in the egg white until 12 days after withdrawal and 2 days more in egg yolk than in white. DC reached a peak faster in egg white, but the residues were detectable for longer period in the yolk.

40 CFR 124.20 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... scheduled to begin on the occurrence of an act or event shall begin on the day after the act or event. (b) Any time period scheduled to begin before the occurrence of an act or event shall be computed so that the period ends on the day before the act or event. (c) If the final day of any time period falls on a...

40 CFR 124.20 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... scheduled to begin on the occurrence of an act or event shall begin on the day after the act or event. (b) Any time period scheduled to begin before the occurrence of an act or event shall be computed so that the period ends on the day before the act or event. (c) If the final day of any time period falls on a...

40 CFR 124.20 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... scheduled to begin on the occurrence of an act or event shall begin on the day after the act or event. (b) Any time period scheduled to begin before the occurrence of an act or event shall be computed so that the period ends on the day before the act or event. (c) If the final day of any time period falls on a...

40 CFR 124.20 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... scheduled to begin on the occurrence of an act or event shall begin on the day after the act or event. (b) Any time period scheduled to begin before the occurrence of an act or event shall be computed so that the period ends on the day before the act or event. (c) If the final day of any time period falls on a...

40 CFR 124.20 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... scheduled to begin on the occurrence of an act or event shall begin on the day after the act or event. (b) Any time period scheduled to begin before the occurrence of an act or event shall be computed so that the period ends on the day before the act or event. (c) If the final day of any time period falls on a...

Prenatal and Early Postnatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Decreases BDNF/TrkB Signaling and Increases Abnormal Behaviors Later in Life

PubMed Central

Xiao, Lan; Kish, Vincent L.; Benders, Katherine M.

2016-01-01

Background: Cigarette smoke exposure during prenatal and early postnatal periods increases the incidence of a variety of abnormal behaviors later in life. The purpose of this study was to identify the possible critical period of susceptibility to cigarette smoke exposure and evaluate the possibe effects of cigarette smoke during early life on brain-derived neurotrophic factor/neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor B signaling in the brain. Methods: Three different age of imprinting control region mice were exposed to cigarette smoke or filtered air for 10 consecutive days beginning on either gestational day 7 by maternal exposure, or postnatal days 2 or 21 by direct inhalation. A series of behavioral profiles and neurotrophins in brain were measured 24 hours after mice received acute restraint stress for 1 hour on postnatal day 59. Results: Cigarette smoke exposure in gestational day 7 and postnatal day 2 produced depression-like behaviors as evidenced by significantly increased immobility in both tail suspension and forced-swim test. Increased entry latencies, but not ambulation in the open field test, were also observed in the gestational day 7 and postnatal day 2 cigarette smoke exposure groups. Genetic analysis showed that gestational day 7 cigarette smoke exposure significantly altered mRNA level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B in the hippocampus. However, behavioral profiles and brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B signaling were not significantly changed in PND21 cigarette smoke exposure group compared with FA group. Conclusions: These results suggest that a critical period of susceptibility to cigarette smoke exposure exists in the prenatal and early postnatal period, which results a downregulation in brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B signaling in the hippocampus and enhances depression-like behaviors later in life. PMID:26503133

May cannabinoids prevent the development of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea and intestinal mucositis? Experimental study in the rat.

PubMed

Abalo, R; Uranga, J A; Pérez-García, I; de Andrés, R; Girón, R; Vera, G; López-Pérez, A E; Martín-Fontelles, M I

2017-03-01

The antineoplastic drug 5-fluoruracil (5-FU) is a pirimidine analog, which frequently induces potentially fatal diarrhea and mucositis. Cannabinoids reduce gastrointestinal motility and secretion and might prevent 5-FU-induced gut adverse effects. Here, we asked whether cannabinoids may prevent diarrhea and mucositis induced by 5-FU in the rat. Male Wistar rats received vehicle or the non-selective cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN; 0.5 mg kg -1 injection -1 , 1 injection day -1 , 4 consecutive days) by intraperitoneal (ip) route; on the first 2 days, animals received also saline or 5-FU (150 mg kg -1 injection -1 , cumulative dose of 300 mg kg -1 ). Gastrointestinal motor function was radiographically studied after barium contrast intragastric administration on experimental days 1 and 4. Structural alterations of the stomach, small intestine and colon were histologically studied on day 4. PAS staining and immunohistochemistry for Ki67, chromogranin A and CD163 were used to detect secretory, proliferating, and endocrine cells, and activated macrophages respectively. As shown radiographically, 5-FU induced significant gastric emptying delay (on days 1 and 4) and diarrhea (on day 4). WIN did not significantly alter the motility curves obtained for either control or 5-FU-treated animals but tended to reduce the severity of 5-FU-induced diarrhea and increased permanence of barium from day 1 to the beginning of day 4 in 5-FU-treated animals. 5-FU-induced mucositis was severe and not counteracted by WIN. 5-FU-induced diarrhea, but not mucositis, was partly prevented by WIN at a low dose. Cannabinoids might be useful to prevent chemotherapy-induced diarrhea. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Drift induced by repeated hydropeaking waves in controlled conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maiolini, Bruno; Bruno, M. Cristina; Biffi, Sofia; Cashman, Matthew J.

2014-05-01

Repeated hydropeaking events characterize most alpine rivers downstream of power plants fed by high elevation reservoirs. The effects of hydropeaking on the benthic communities are well known, and usually each hydropeaking wave causes an increase in tractive force and changes in temperature and water quality. Simulations of hydropeaking in artificial system can help to disentangle the direct effects of the modified flow regime from impacts associated with other associated physio-chemical changes, and with the effects of river regulation and land-use changes that often accompany water resource development. In September 2013 we conducted a set of controlled simulations in five steel flumes fed by an Alpine stream (Fersina stream, Adige River catchment, Trentino, Italy), where benthic invertebrates can freely colonize the flumes. One flume was used as control with no change in flow, in the other four flumes we simulated an hydropeaking wave lasting six hours, and repeated for five consecutive days. Flow was increased by twice baseflow in two flumes, and three times in the other two. We collected benthic samples before the beginning (morning of day 1) and after the end (afternoon of day 5) of the set of simulations to evaluate changes in the benthic communities due to induced drift migration. During each simulation, we collected drifting organisms at short time intervals to assess the responses to: 1) the initial discharge increase, 2) the persistence of high flows for several hours; 3) the decrease of discharge to the baseflow; 4) the change in drift with each successive day. Preliminary results indicate typical strong increases of catastrophic drift on the onset of each simulated hydropeaking, drift responses proportional to the absolute discharge increase, a decrease in the drift responses over successive days. Different taxa responded with different patterns: taxa which resist tractive force increased in drift only during the periods of baseflow that follow the habitat stress (behavioral drift) (e.g., Simuliidae, behavioral drift); other taxa which can not resist the increase in tractive force, drifted from the beginning of the simulation (e.g., Chironomidae, catastrophic drift).

Effects of Complex Interplanetary Structures on the Dynamics of the Earth's Outer Radiation Belt During the 16-30 September 2014 Period: II) Corotating Solar Wind Stream

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Souza, V. M. C. E. S.; Da Silva, L. A.; Sibeck, D. G.; Alves, L. R.; Jauer, P. R.; Dias Silveira, M. V.; Medeiros, C.; Marchezi, J.; Rockenbach, M.; Baker, D. N.; Kletzing, C.; Kanekal, S. G.; Georgiou, M.; Mendes, O., Jr.; Dal Lago, A.; Vieira, L. E. A.

2015-12-01

We present a case study describing the dynamics of the outer radiation belt for two different solar wind conditions. First, we discuss a dropout of outer belt energetic electron fluxes corresponding to the arrival of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) followed by a corotating stream in September 2014. Second, we discuss the reformation of the outer radiation belt that began on September 22nd. We find that the arrival of the ICME and the corotating interaction region that preceded the stream cause a long-duration (many day) dropout of high-energy electrons. The recovery in radiation belt fluxes only begins when the high-speed stream begins to develop IMF Bz fluctuations and auroral activity resumes. Furthermore, during periods in which several consecutive solar wind structures appear, the first structure primes the outer radiation belt prior to the interaction of the subsequent solar wind structures with the magnetosphere. Consequently, the evolution of the outer radiation belt through the solar cycle is significantly affected by the dominant structure of each phase of the cycle. We use energetic electron and magnetic field observations provided by the Van Allen Probes, THEMIS, and GOES missions.

Iron absorption from oral iron supplements given on consecutive versus alternate days and as single morning doses versus twice-daily split dosing in iron-depleted women: two open-label, randomised controlled trials.

PubMed

Stoffel, Nicole U; Cercamondi, Colin I; Brittenham, Gary; Zeder, Christophe; Geurts-Moespot, Anneke J; Swinkels, Dorine W; Moretti, Diego; Zimmermann, Michael B

2017-11-01

Current guidelines to treat iron deficiency recommend daily provision of ferrous iron divided through the day to increase absorption. However, daily dosing and split dosing might increase serum hepcidin and decrease iron absorption from subsequent doses. Our study aim was to compare iron absorption from oral iron supplements given on consecutive versus alternate days and given as single morning doses versus twice-daily split dosing. We did two prospective, open-label, randomised controlled trials assessing iron absorption using ( 54 Fe)-labelled, ( 57 Fe)-labelled, or ( 58 Fe)-labelled ferrous sulfate in iron-depleted (serum ferritin ≤25 μg/L) women aged 18-40 years recruited from ETH Zurich and the University of Zurich, Switzerland. In study 1, women were randomly assigned (1:1) to two groups. One group was given 60 mg iron at 0800 h (±1 h) on consecutive days for 14 days, and the other group was given the same doses on alternate days for 28 days. In study 2, women were assigned to two groups, stratified by serum ferritin so that two groups with similar iron statuses could be formed. One group was given 120 mg iron at 0800 h (±1 h) and the other was given the dose split into two divided doses of 60 mg at 0800 h (±1 h) and 1700 h (±1 h) for three consecutive days. 14 days after the final dose, the groups were each crossed over to the other regimen. Within-individual comparisons were done. The co-primary outcomes in both studies were iron bioavailability (total and fractional iron absorption), assessed by measuring the isotopic label abundance in erythrocytes 14 days after administration, and serum hepcidin. Group allocations in both studies were not masked and primary and safety analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. The studies were registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, numbers NCT02175888 (study 1) and NCT02177851 (study 2) and are complete. For study 1, 40 women were enrolled on Oct 15-29, 2015. 21 women were assigned to the consecutive-day group and 19 to the alternate-day group. At the end of treatment (14 days for the consecutive-day group and 28 days for the alternate-day group), geometric mean (-SD, +SD) cumulative fractional iron absorptions were 16·3% (9·3, 28·8) in the consecutive-day group versus 21·8% (13·7, 34·6) in the alternate-day group (p=0·0013), and cumulative total iron absorption was 131·0 mg (71·4, 240·5) versus 175·3 mg (110·3, 278·5; p=0·0010). During the first 14 days of supplementation in both groups, serum hepcidin was higher in the consecutive-day group than the alternate-day group (p=0·0031). In study 2, 20 women were enrolled between Aug 13 and 18, 2015. Ten women were assigned to receive once-daily dosing and ten were assigned to receive twice-daily divided dosing. No significant differences were seen in fractional (day 1-3 geometric mean: 11·8% [7·1, 19·4] once daily vs 13·1% [8·2, 20·7] twice daily; p=0·33) or total iron absorption (day 1-3: 44·3 mg [29·4, 66·7] once daily vs 49·4 [35·2, 69·4] twice daily; p=0·33) between the two dosing regimens. Twice-daily divided doses resulted in a higher serum hepcidin concentration than once-daily dosing (p=0·013). No grade 3 or 4 adverse events were reported in either study. In iron-depleted women, providing iron supplements daily as divided doses increases serum hepcidin and reduces iron absorption. Providing iron supplements on alternate days and in single doses optimises iron absorption and might be a preferable dosing regimen. These findings should be confirmed in iron-deficient anaemic patients. Swiss National Science Foundation, Bern, Switzerland. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Is there a learning curve for the TVT-O procedure? A prospective single-surgeon study of 372 consecutive cases.

PubMed

Serati, Maurizio; Bogani, Giorgio; Braga, Andrea; Sorice, Paola; Salvatore, Stefano; Uccella, Stefano; Ghezzi, Fabio

2015-03-01

To evaluate for the first time in the literature the learning curve of Inside-out transobturator tape (TVT-O™). A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary reference center. Consecutive women treated by TVT-O™ performed by one surgeon were included. Data regarding subjective, objective cure rates, and adverse events were collected. Trends, over the number of procedures, were estimated using assay analyses. Number of procedures and variables were interpolating in standard curves using linear lines. Three hundred and seventy two procedures were included. Postoperative pain levels decreased with the increase in the level of expertise (pain levels: 1-day: from 6.6 (±3.3) to 4.3 (±3.1); 95%CI: -0.01603 to 0.001235, p=0.04; 2-day: from 5.6 (±4.1) to 3.6 (±3.7); 95%CI: -0.02092 to -0.002497, p=0.01; 12-month: from 0.1 (±0.7) to 0 (±0); 95%CI: -0.001814 to 0.05019, p=0.07). Overall, objective cure rate was achieved in 93.5% of patients. Additionally, 88.2% and 88.7% patients reported "much better" feeling at PGI-I scale and 80% reduction in UDI score, respectively. We observed, that delta ICIQ-sf (from 12 (±8.7) to 14 (±6.0); p=0.04) and delta-UDI (from 91% to 97%; p=0.04) improved over the time. TVT-O procedure offers excellent outcomes with high objective and subjective cure rates and low complications rate, even at the beginning of the surgeon's learning curve. However, a high experience of the surgeon could significantly improve the subjective cure rate and could reduce postoperative the groin pain. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Potential impact of 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming on consecutive dry and wet days over West Africa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ama Browne Klutse, Nana; Ajayi, Vincent O.; Olabode Gbobaniyi, Emiola; Egbebiyi, Temitope S.; Kouadio, Kouakou; Nkrumah, Francis; Akumenyi Quagraine, Kwesi; Olusegun, Christiana; Diasso, Ulrich; Abiodun, Babatunde J.; Lawal, Kamoru; Nikulin, Grigory; Lennard, Christopher; Dosio, Alessandro

2018-05-01

We examine the impact of +1.5 °C and +2 °C global warming levels above pre-industrial levels on consecutive dry days (CDD) and consecutive wet days (CWD), two key indicators for extreme precipitation and seasonal drought. This is done using climate projections from a multi-model ensemble of 25 regional climate model (RCM) simulations. The RCMs take boundary conditions from ten global climate models (GCMs) under the RCP8.5 scenario. We define CDD as the maximum number of consecutive days with rainfall amount less than 1 mm and CWD as the maximum number of consecutive days with rainfall amount more than 1 mm. The differences in model representations of the change in CDD and CWD, at 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming, and based on the control period 1971‑2000 are reported. The models agree on a noticeable response to both 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming for each index. Enhanced warming results in a reduction in mean rainfall across the region. More than 80% of ensemble members agree that CDD will increase over the Guinea Coast, in tandem with a projected decrease in CWD at both 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming levels. These projected changes may influence already fragile ecosystems and agriculture in the region, both of which are strongly affected by mean rainfall and the length of wet and dry periods.

Contamination of Ambient Air with Acinetobacter baumannii on Consecutive Inpatient Days.

PubMed

Shimose, Luis A; Doi, Yohei; Bonomo, Robert A; De Pascale, Dennise; Viau, Roberto A; Cleary, Timothy; Namias, Nicholas; Kett, Daniel H; Munoz-Price, L Silvia

2015-07-01

Acinetobacter-positive patients had their ambient air tested for up to 10 consecutive days. The air was Acinetobacter positive for an average of 21% of the days; the rate of contamination was higher among patients colonized in the rectum than in the airways (relative risk [RR], 2.35; P = 0.006). Of the 6 air/clinical isolate pairs available, 4 pairs were closely related according to rep-PCR results. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

40 CFR 418.33 - Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Urea Subcategory... consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.53 0.27 Organic nitrogen (as N) 0.45 0.24 Note: Metric... of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.53 0.27 Organic nitrogen...

40 CFR 418.33 - Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Urea Subcategory... consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.53 0.27 Organic nitrogen (as N) 0.45 0.24 Note: Metric... of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.53 0.27 Organic nitrogen...

40 CFR 418.33 - Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Urea Subcategory... consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.53 0.27 Organic nitrogen (as N) 0.45 0.24 Note: Metric... of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.53 0.27 Organic nitrogen...

40 CFR 418.33 - Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Urea Subcategory... consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.53 0.27 Organic nitrogen (as N) 0.45 0.24 Note: Metric... of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.53 0.27 Organic nitrogen...

40 CFR 418.33 - Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Urea Subcategory... consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.53 0.27 Organic nitrogen (as N) 0.45 0.24 Note: Metric... of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia (as N) 0.53 0.27 Organic nitrogen...

Sleep quality in nurses: a randomized clinical trial of day and night shift workers.

PubMed

Niu, Shu-Fen; Chu, Hsin; Chung, Min-Huey; Lin, Chun-Chieh; Chang, Yu-Shiun; Chou, Kuei-Ru

2013-07-01

The study investigated the number of days off nurses working night shifts need to recover their sleep quality to the level of daytime workers during their days off. This study included 30 day-shift nurses and 32 night-shift nurses. It was conducted as a randomized clinical trial in the medical and surgical wards of a medical center in northern Taiwan in May and June 2010 using sleep diaries and sleep parameters collected by actigraphy on different workdays and days off. On workdays, the night-shift group had significantly less total sleep time (TST) on Day 5 and significantly lower sleep efficiency (SE) on Day 3 than the day-shift group. TSTs of the two groups on days off were higher than those on workdays. On the 4th consecutive day off, higher TST, a decrease in WASO, and an increase in SE suggests that the night-shift group had recovered their sleep quality to the level of the day-shift group on their days off. The SE of the night-shift group exceeded that of the day-shift group after the 4th consecutive day off, though the difference was not statistically significant in the present study. Based on these data, it is recommended that night-shift workers arrange a period of at least 4 days off after 5 consecutive night shifts and at least 5 days off if the staff who have previously worked night shifts are being assigned a set of different shifts.

The effects of compression garments on intermittent exercise performance and recovery on consecutive days.

PubMed

Duffield, Rob; Edge, Johann; Merrells, Robert; Hawke, Emma; Barnes, Matt; Simcock, David; Gill, Nicholas

2008-12-01

The aim of this study was to determine whether compression garments improve intermittent-sprint performance and aid performance or self-reported recovery from high-intensity efforts on consecutive days. Following familiarization, 14 male rugby players performed two randomized testing conditions (with or without garments) involving consecutive days of a simulated team sport exercise protocol, separated by 24 h of recovery within each condition and 2 weeks between conditions. Each day involved an 80-min high-intensity exercise circuit, with exercise performance determined by repeated 20-m sprints and peak power on a cart dynamometer (single-man scrum machine). Measures of nude mass, heart rate, skin and tympanic temperature, and blood lactate (La-) were recorded throughout each day; also, creatine kinase (CK) and muscle soreness were recorded each day and 48 h following exercise. No differences (P=.20 to 0.40) were present between conditions on either day of the exercise protocol for repeated 20-m sprint efforts or peak power on a cart dynamometer. Heart rate, tympanic temperature, and body mass did not significantly differ between conditions; however, skin temperature was higher under the compression garments. Although no differences (P=.50) in La- or CK were present, participants felt reduced levels of perceived muscle soreness in the ensuing 48 h postexercise when wearing the garments (2.5+/-1.7 vs 3.5+/-2.1 for garment and control; P=.01). The use of compression garments did not improve or hamper simulated team-sport activity on consecutive days. Despite benefits of reduced self-reported muscle soreness when wearing garments during and following exercise each day, no improvements in performance or recovery were apparent.

Pharmacokinetics of Oral Combination Contraceptive Drugs Containing Ethinyl Estradiol and Levonorgestrel in Healthy Female Chinese Volunteers.

PubMed

Xin, X; Wu, Y; Liu, X; Sun, C; Geng, T; Ding, L

2016-02-01

A new combination contraceptive tablet containing 0.02 mg ethinyl estradiol (EE) and 0.10 mg levonorgestrel (LNG) with potential advantages has been developed in China. This study was aimed to describe the pharmacokinetic characteristics of this new combination contraceptive tablet in female Chinese volunteers. This study was designed as phase I, open-label, and one-sequence clinical trial. 12 healthy nonpregnant female Chinese volunteers received a single dose (1 tablet) and multiple dose (1 tablet per day) administration for 21 consecutive days under fasting condition. Blood samples were analyzed with 2 validated LC-MS/MS methods for EE and LNG, respectively. After the single dose administration, the C max of EE and LNG were 44.76±18.64 pg/mL and 2.256±1.008 ng/mL, respectively. The steady-state condition of EE was achieved on the 6(th) day after the beginning of the multiple dose administration, while the steady-state condition of LNG was achieved on the 21(st) day. For EE, the mean MRT 0-72 and t 1/2 increased by 40.2 and 30.6%, meanwhile the mean Cl/F and Vd/F decreased by 18.5 and 29.1%, respectively from Day 1 to Day 24. For LNG, the mean MRT 0-72 increased by 27.1%, while the mean Cl/F and Vd/F decreased by 62.4 and 86.3%, respectively from Day 1 to Day 24. The t 1/2 remained unchanged for LNG. The exposure of LNG significantly increased with repeated dosing, but that of EE just slightly increased. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Game Development as a Pathway to Information Technology Literacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frydenberg, Mark

2016-01-01

Teaching game development has become an accepted methodology for introducing programming concepts and capturing the interest of beginning computer science and information technology (IT) students. This study, conducted over three consecutive semesters, explores game development using a gaming engine, rather than a traditional programming language,…

Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Arginine Improve Performance in Two Consecutive Days of Simulated Handball Games in Male and Female Athletes: A Randomized Trial

PubMed Central

Chang, Chen-Kang; Chang Chien, Kun-Ming; Chang, Jung-Hsien; Huang, Mei-Hsuan; Liang, Ya-Chuan; Liu, Tsung-Han

2015-01-01

The central nervous system plays a crucial role in the development of physical fatigue. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of combined supplementation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and arginine on intermittent sprint performance in simulated handball games on 2 consecutive days. Methods: Fifteen male and seven female handball players consumed 0.17 g/kg BCAA and 0.04 g/kg arginine together (AA trial), or placebo (PB trial) before exercise. Each trial contained two 60-min simulated handball games on consecutive days. The game was consisted of 30 identical 2-min blocks and a 20 m all-out sprint was performed at the end of each block. The performance, measured by percentage changes of sprint time between day 1 and 2, was significantly better in the AA trial (first half: AA trial: -1.34±0.60%, PB trial: -0.21±0.69%; second half: AA trial: -1.68±0.58%, PB trial: 0.49±0.42%). The average ratings of perceive exertion throughout the 2-day trial was significantly lower in the AA trial (14.2±0.3) than the PB trial (15.1±0.4). Concurrently, post-exercise tryptophan/BCAA ratio on both days in the AA trial was significantly lower than the baseline. This study showed that BCAA and arginine supplementation could improve performance in intermittent sprints on the second consecutive day of simulated handball games in well-trained athletes by potentially alleviating central fatigue. PMID:25803783

Short communication: Is hair cortisol a potential indicator for stress caused by chronic lameness in dairy cows?

PubMed

Fischer-Tenhagen, C; Ladwig-Wiegard, M; Heuwieser, W; Thöne-Reineke, C

2018-06-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate hair cortisol concentration as an indicator for stress caused by chronic lameness in dairy cows. Sixty-eight cows were scored for lameness for 4 consecutive weeks. The hair of the tail switch was clipped at the beginning of the study and regrown hair was clipped after 4 wk. Hair samples were analyzed for cortisol concentration. Animals with 2 consecutive locomotion scores ≥3 or with an overall mean score >1.5 were classified as lame. After pair matching lame and nonlame cows, considering days in milk, lactation number, and milk yield, and excluding cows with less than 20 mg hair sample for analysis, 21 lame and 21 nonlame cows were included in the analysis. The mean hair cortisol concentration in this study was 2.32 ± 0.35 pg/mg (mean ± standard deviation). Cortisol concentration from hair regrown in the study period was 2.38 ± 0.95 and 2.26 ± 1.35 pg/mg for lame and nonlame cows (n = 21), respectively; we found no difference in mean cortisol level of primiparous and multiparous cows. Based on these data, hair cortisol concentration was not a useful indicator to differentiate cows with chronic lameness and healthy cows. Copyright © 2018 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Treatment-Refractory Chronic Dysphagia in Tube-Fed Patients: A Prospective Case Series.

PubMed

Scarponi, Letizia; Mozzanica, Francesco; De Cristofaro, Valeria; Ginocchio, Daniela; Pizzorni, Nicole; Bottero, Alessandro; Schindler, Antonio

2015-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in tube-fed patients with severe and chronic dysphagia refractory to traditional swallowing therapy (TT). A total of 11 consecutive dysphagic patients with tube-dependent nutrition and who had not responded to 6 months of TT were enrolled. Each patient received NMES for 30 min and TT for 30 min, twice a day, 5 days per week for 4 weeks. In order to evaluate the swallowing impairment, each patient underwent a fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing immediately before the beginning of the treatment, after 2 weeks and after 4 weeks. All enrolled patients managed to complete the swallowing treatment protocol for at least 2 weeks. After the 4-week treatment, 6 of 11 enrolled patients passed to a total oral diet with single or multiple consistencies despite specific food limitations or special preparation or compensation. Five patients, all affected by the most severe form of dysphagia, maintained tube-dependent nutrition. NMES as adjunctive treatment to TT may offer a new possibility for the management of tube-fed patients who are refractory to TT. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

The small miracle.

PubMed

Tiranti, D

1979-09-01

Although the standard argument for distributing birth control pills throughout the Third World is that they are less dangerous than pregnancy or abortion, irregular use of the pill increases riks of both. The irregularity of use can be attributed to both poor delivery systems and side effects. Side effects occur because of poor screening and lack of alternative dosages. Because of the lower price of buying in bulk, family planning groups distribute only 1 kind of pill. The woman who experiences side effects, e.g. headache, dizziness, weight gain, depression, has no choice but to discontinue use. Few women are screened by having their blood pressure taken, therefore the pill exacerbates illness in those with circulation problems. Breast-feeding mothers who take the pill provide less sustenance from their breastmilk, which can increase infant mortality rates. In Bangladesh a USAID-funded study on contractive distribution found that the "trained" family planning workers did not know what advice to give a woman who missed her pill on 5 consecutive days, or what type of side effects might be anticipated, or how many days after the onset of menstruation a woman should begin the pill. A more level headed approach to delivery of contraceptives in developing countries is needed.

Analysis of air temperature changes on blood pressure and heart rate and performance of undergraduate students.

PubMed

Siqueira, Joseana C F; da Silva, Luiz Bueno; Coutinho, Antônio S; Rodrigues, Rafaela M

2017-01-01

The increase in air temperature has been associated with human deaths, some of which are related to cardiovascular dysfunctions, and with the reduction of physical and cognitive performance in humans. To analyze the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) and the cognitive performance of students who were submitted to temperature changes in classrooms. The university students answered a survey that was adapted from the Battery of Reasoning Tests over 3 consecutive days at different air temperatures while their thermal state and HR were measured. During those 3 days, BP and HR were evaluated before and after the cognitive test. The average and final HR increased at high temperatures; the tests execution time was reduced at high temperatures; and the cognitive tests was related to Mean BP at the beginning of the test, the maximum HR during the test and the air temperature. The cognitive performance of undergraduate students in the field of engineering and technology will increase while performing activities in a learning environment with an air temperature of approximately 23.3°C (according to their thermal perception), if students have an initial MBP of 93.33 mmHg and a 60 bpm HRmax.

A Study Comparing Typewriting Achievement of Students Attending Class Three and Five Days a Week in Beginning Typewriting at the Community College Level. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ziemer, Adelle W.

The purpose of this study was to determine (1) whether beginning typewriting on the community college level should be taught in a five-day-a-week pattern or in a reduced three-day-a-week pattern; (2) what, if any, relationship existed between the achievement level in beginning college typewriting and the following student characteristics: Locus of…

Anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin and abamectin, administered orally for seven consecutive days (100 µg/kg/day), against nematodes in naturally infected pigs.

PubMed

Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; Teixeira, Weslen Fabricio Pires; Felippelli, Gustavo; Cruz, Breno Cayeiro; Buzulini, Carolina; Maciel, Willian Giquelin; Fávero, Flávia Carolina; Gomes, Lucas Vinicius Costa; Prando, Luciana; Bichuette, Murilo A; Dos Santos, Thais Rabelo; da Costa, Alvimar José

2014-12-01

The present study aimed to evaluate ivermectin and abamectin, both administered orally in naturally infected domestic swine, as well as analysing if the EPG (eggs per gram of faeces) values were equivalent with the ivermectin and abamectin efficacy obtained by parasitological necropsies. The animals were randomly selected based on the average of three consecutive EPG counts of Strongylida, Ascaris suum and Trichuris for experiment I, and of Strongylida and Trichuris for experiment II. After the random draw, eight animals were treated, orally, during seven consecutive days with 100 µg/kg/day ivermectin (Ivermectina® premix, Ouro Fino Agronegócios), eight other animals were treated, orally, during seven consecutive days with 100 µg/kg/day abamectin (Virbamax® premix - Virbac do Brasil Indústria e Comércio Ltda.), and eight pigs were kept as controls. EPG counts were performed for each individual animal at 14th day post-treatment (DPT). All animals (control and treatment) were necropsied at the 14th DPT. The results from both experiments demonstrate that both ivermectin and abamectin, administered orally for a continuous period of seven days, at a daily dosage of 100 µg/kg, were highly effective (>95%) against Hyostrongylus rubidus, Strongyloides ransomi, Ascaris suum and Metastrongylus salmi. Against Oesophagostomum dentatum, abamectin presented over 95% efficacy against both evaluated strains, while ivermectin reached other strain as resistant. Regarding T. suis, both ivermectin and abamectin were effective (efficacies >90%) against one of the tested strains, while the other one was classified as resistant. Furthermore, the EPG values were equivalent with the ivermectin and abamectin efficacy obtained by parasitological necropsies. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Appetite, appetite hormone and energy intake responses to two consecutive days of aerobic exercise in healthy young men.

PubMed

Douglas, Jessica A; King, James A; McFarlane, Ewan; Baker, Luke; Bradley, Chloe; Crouch, Nicole; Hill, David; Stensel, David J

2015-09-01

Single bouts of exercise do not cause compensatory changes in appetite, food intake or appetite regulatory hormones on the day that exercise is performed. It remains possible that such changes occur over an extended period or in response to a higher level of energy expenditure. This study sought to test this possibility by examining appetite, food intake and appetite regulatory hormones (acylated ghrelin, total peptide-YY, leptin and insulin) over two days, with acute bouts of exercise performed on each morning. Within a controlled laboratory setting, 15 healthy males completed two, 2-day long (09:00-16:00) experimental trials (exercise and control) in a randomised order. On the exercise trial participants performed 60 min of continuous moderate-high intensity treadmill running (day one: 70.1 ± 2.5% VO2peak, day two: 70.0 ± 3.2% VO2max (mean ± SD)) at the beginning of days one and two. Across each day appetite perceptions were assessed using visual analogue scales and appetite regulatory hormones were measured from venous blood samples. Ad libitum energy and macronutrient intakes were determined from meals provided two and six hours into each day and from a snack bag provided in-between trial days. Exercise elicited a high level of energy expenditure (total = 7566 ± 635 kJ across the two days) but did not produce compensatory changes in appetite or energy intake over two days (control: 29,217 ± 4006 kJ; exercise: 28,532 ± 3899 kJ, P > 0.050). Two-way repeated measures ANOVA did not reveal any main effects for acylated ghrelin or leptin (all P > 0.050). However a significant main effect of trial (P = 0.029) for PYY indicated higher concentrations on the exercise vs. control trial. These findings suggest that across a two day period, high volume exercise does not stimulate compensatory appetite regulatory changes. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Tissue distribution, metabolism, and residue depletion study in Atlantic salmon following oral administration of [3H]emamectin benzoate.

PubMed

Kim-Kang, Heasook; Bova, Alice; Crouch, Louis S; Wislocki, Peter G; Robinson, Robert A; Wu, Jinn

2004-04-07

Atlantic salmon (approximately 1.3 kg) maintained in tanks of seawater at 5 +/- 1 degrees C were dosed with [3H]emamectin B1 benzoate in feed at a nominal rate of 50 microg of emamectin benzoate/kg/day for 7 consecutive days. Tissues, blood, and bile were collected from 10 fish each at 3 and 12 h and at 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 days post final dose. Feces were collected daily from the tanks beginning just prior to dosing to 90 days post final dose. The total radioactive residues (TRR) of the daily feces samples during dosing were 0.25 ppm maximal, and >97% of the TRR in pooled feces covering the dosing period was emamectin B1a. Feces TRR then rapidly declined to approximately 0.05 ppm by 1 day post final dose. The ranges of mean TRR for tissues over the 90 days post dose period were as follows: kidney, 1.4-3 ppm; liver, 1.0-2.3 ppm; skin, 0.04-0.09 ppm; muscle, 0.02-0.06 ppm; and bone, <0.01 ppm. The residue components of liver, kidney, muscle, and skin samples pooled by post dose interval were emamectin B1a (81-100% TRR) and desmethylemamectin B1a (0-17% TRR) with N-formylemamectin B1a seen in trace amounts (<2%) in some muscle samples. The marker residue selected for regulatory surveillance of emamectin residues was emamectin B1a. The emamectin B1a level was quantified in individual samples of skin and muscle using HPLC-fluorometry and was below 85 ppb in all samples analyzed (3 h to 30 days post dose).

Different MK-801 administration schedules induce mild to severe learning impairments in an operant conditioning task: role of buspirone and risperidone in ameliorating these cognitive deficits.

PubMed

Rapanelli, Maximiliano; Frick, Luciana Romina; Bernardez-Vidal, Micaela; Zanutto, Bonifacio Silvano

2013-11-15

Blockade of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA) by the noncompetitive NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist MK-801 produces behavioral abnormalities and alterations in prefrontal cortex (PFC) functioning. Due to the critical role of the PFC in operant conditioning task learning, we evaluated the effects of acute, repeated postnatal injections of MK-801 (0.1mg/kg) on learning performance. We injected Long-Evans rats i.p. with MK-801 (0.1mg/kg) using three different administration schedules: injection 40 min before beginning the task (during) (n=12); injection twice daily for six consecutive days prior to beginning the experimental procedures (prior) (n=12); or twice daily subcutaneous injections from postnatal day 7 to 11 (postnatal) (n=12). Next, we orally administered risperidone (serotonin receptor 2A and dopamine receptor 2 antagonist, 1mg/kg) or buspirone (serotonin receptor 1A partial agonist, 10mg/kg) to animals treated with the MK-801 schedule described above. The postnatal and prior administration schedules produced severe learning deficits, whereas injection of MK-801 just before training sessions had only mild effects on acquisition of an operant conditioning. Risperidone was able to reverse the detrimental effect of MK-801 in the animals that were treated with MK-801 during and prior training sessions. In contrast, buspirone was only effective at mitigating the cognitive deficits induced by MK-801 when administered during the training procedures. The data demonstrates that NMDA antagonism disrupts basic mechanisms of learning in a simple PFC-mediated operant conditioning task, and that buspirone and risperidone failed to attenuate the learning deficits when NMDA neurotransmission was blocked in the early stages of the postnatal period. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 420.83 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days Kg/kkg (pounds per 1,000 lb) of product Chromium 0.00292 0... per 1,000 lb) of product Chromium 0.00175 0.000701 Nickel 0.00158 0.000526 (3) Batch, pipe and tube... values for 30 consecutive days Kg/kkg (pounds per 1,000 lb) of product Chromium 0.00709 0.00284 Nickel 0...

OUTCOME OF IMPLEMENTATION OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM APPROACH TO THE CARE OF PATIENTS AFTER TRANSSPHENOIDAL SURGERY.

PubMed

Carminucci, Arthur S; Ausiello, John C; Page-Wilson, Gabrielle; Lee, Michelle; Good, Laura; Bruce, Jeffrey N; Freda, Pamela U

2016-01-01

Transsphenoidal surgery (TS) for sellar lesions is an established and safe procedure, but complications can occur, particularly involving the neuroendocrine system. We hypothesized that postoperative care of TS patients would be optimized when performed by a coordinated team including a pituitary neurosurgeon, endocrinologists, and a specialty nurse. We implemented a formalized, multidisciplinary team approach and standardized postoperative protocols for the care of adult patients undergoing TS by a single surgeon (J.N.B.) at our institution beginning in July 2009. We retrospectively compared the outcomes of 214 consecutive TS-treated cases: 113 cases prior to and 101 following the initiation of the team approach and protocol implementation. Outcomes assessed included the incidence of neurosurgical and endocrine complications, length of stay (LOS), and rates of hospital readmission and unscheduled clinical visits. The median LOS decreased from 3 days preteam to 2 days postteam (P<.01). Discharge occurred on postoperative day 2 in 46% of the preteam group patients compared to 69% of the postteam group (P<.01). Rates of early postoperative diabetes insipidus (DI) and readmissions within 30 days for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) or other complications did not differ between groups. Implementation of a multidisciplinary team approach was associated with a reduction of LOS. Despite earlier discharge, postoperative outcomes were not compromised. The endocrinologist is central to the success of this team approach, which could be successfully applied to care of patients undergoing TS, as well as other types of endocrine surgery at other centers.

Filgrastim Improves Survival in Lethally Irradiated Nonhuman Primates

PubMed Central

Farese, Ann M.; Cohen, Melanie V.; Katz, Barry P.; Smith, Cassandra P.; Gibbs, Allison; Cohen, Daniel M.; MacVittie, Thomas J.

2015-01-01

Treatment of individuals exposed to potentially lethal doses of radiation is of paramount concern to health professionals and government agencies. We evaluated the efficacy of filgrastim to increase survival of nonhuman primates (NHP) exposed to an approximate mid-lethal dose (LD50/60) (7.50 Gy) of LINAC-derived photon radiation. Prior to total-body irradiation (TBI), nonhuman primates were randomized to either a control (n =22) or filgrastim-treated (n =24) cohorts. Filgrastim (10 μg/kg/d) was administered beginning 1 day after TBI and continued daily until the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was >1,000/μL for 3 consecutive days. All nonhuman primates received medical management as per protocol. The primary end point was all cause overall mortality over the 60 day in-life study. Secondary end points included mean survival time of decedents and all hematologic-related parameters. Filgrastim significantly (P < 0.004) reduced 60 day overall mortality [20.8% (5/24)] compared to the controls [59.1% (13/22)]. Filgrastim significantly decreased the duration of neutropenia, but did not affect the absolute neutrophil count nadir. Febrile neutropenia (ANC <500/μL and body temperature ≥103°F) was experienced by 90.9% (20/22) of controls compared to 79.2% (19/24) of filgrastim-treated animals (P = 0.418). Survival was significantly increased by 38.3% over controls. Filgrastim, administered at this dose and schedule, effectively mitigated the lethality of the hematopoietic subsyndrome of the acute radiation syndrome. PMID:23210705

Cytotect®CP as salvage therapy in patients with CMV infection following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a multicenter retrospective study.

PubMed

Alsuliman, Tamim; Kitel, Caroline; Dulery, Rémy; Guillaume, Thierry; Larosa, Fabrice; Cornillon, Jérôme; Labussière-Wallet, Helene; Médiavilla, Clémence; Belaiche, Stéphanie; Delage, Jeremy; Alain, Sophie; Yakoub-Agha, Ibrahim

2018-04-13

Cytomegalovirus is one of the main contributing factors to high mortality rates in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). The main factors of treatment failure are both drug resistance and intolerance. In some cases, Cytotect®CP CMV-hyperimmune globulin is used as salvage therapy. This study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of Cytotect®CP as a salvage therapy in patients with CMV infection after allo-HCT. Twenty-three consecutive patients received Cytotect®CP for CMV infection after prior CMV therapy. At the time of Cytotect®CP introduction, 17 patients (74%) had developed acute GVHD and 15 patients (64%) were receiving steroid treatment; Cytotect®CP was used as monotherapy (n = 7) and in combination (n = 16). Overall, response was observed in 18 patients (78%) with a median time of 15 days (range: 3-51). Of the 18 responders, 4 experienced CMV reactivation, while 5 responders died within 100 days of beginning treatment. Of these 5 deaths, 4 were due to causes unrelated to CMV. Estimated 100-day OS from the introduction of Cytotect®CP was 69.6%. No statistically significant difference was observed in 100-day OS between responders and non-responders (73.7% vs 50.0%, p = 0.258). Cytotect®CP as salvage therapy is effective and well-tolerated. Given its safety profile, early treatment use should be considered.

Effect of overtime work on cognitive function in automotive workers.

PubMed

Proctor, S P; White, R F; Robins, T G; Echeverria, D; Rocskay, A Z

1996-04-01

The present investigation examined whether increased overtime work predicts impairment in cognitive performance in the domains of attention, executive function, and mood. The behavioral and cognitive functions of 248 automotive workers were measured by a neurobehavioral test performance. Overtime, defined as number of hours worked greater than 8 h a day or greater than 5 d a week, was calculated from company payroll records for the week before the test day. The number of consecutive days worked before the test day was also determined. Cross-sectional data analysis by multiple linear regression, after adjustment for the effects of age, education, gender, alcohol intake, repeated grade in school, acute petroleum naphtha exposure, shift worked, job type, number of consecutive days worked before the test day, and number of hours worked on the test day before the testing, demonstrated that increased overtime was significantly associated with impaired performance on several tests of attention and executive function. Increased feelings of depression, fatigue, and confusion were also associated with increased overtime work. In addition significant interaction effects were observed for job type but not for naphtha exposure. The findings support the hypothesis that overtime work results in impaired cognitive performance in the areas of attention and executive function and that both overtime hours and the number of consecutive days worked prior to a test day affect mood.

77 FR 26515 - Pacific Fishery Management Council; Public Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-04

... 31, 2011. Business will begin the first day at 8:30 a.m., and will begin at 8 a.m. each subsequent day. Business will conclude each day at 5 p.m. or until business for the day is completed. [[Page... in stock assessment models for Pacific sardine, and the potential to use of the collected data to...

49 CFR Appendix A to Part 355 - Guidelines for the Regulatory Review

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... working at the required performance level, and other key components included in 49 CFR part 393. Hours of... hours following 8 consecutive hours off duty; after being on duty 15 hours, after being on duty more than 60 hours in any 7 consecutive days; or after being on duty more than 70 hours in any 8 consecutive...

Gastro-protective effect of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina (del.) leaf on aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in Wistar rats.

PubMed

Adefisayo, Modinat A; Akomolafe, Rufus O; Akinsomisoye, Stephen O; Alabi, Quadri K; Ogundipe, Olaofe L; Omole, Joseph G; Olamilosoye, Kehinde P

2017-01-01

This study investigated the protective effects of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf (MEVA) on aspirin induced gastric ulcer in rats. Thirty Wistar rats, 150-200 g were divided into six groups as follows: Group 1 (control) rats received 2 mL/kg of propylene glycol for 28 consecutive days. Group 2 (Ulcer Control) received 150 mg/kg/day of aspirin suspended in 3 mL of 1% carboxymethylcellulose in water orally for 3 consecutive days during which the rats were fasted for the induction of ulcer. Group 3 received cimetidine at 100 mg/kg/day orally for 28 consecutive days and thereafter treated as group 2. Groups 4, 5 and 6 received MEVA orally at 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg/day respectively for 28 consecutive days and thereafter were treated with aspirin as group 2. All the animals were sacrifice at the end of the study to determine the gastric pH, gastric acidity, gastric ulcer score, haematological indices, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) and Lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. The result showed that aspirin significantly (p < 0.05) increased gastric ulcer score and index, decreased gastric pH, gastric acidity, SOD activity, GSH level as well as increased LPO level. It induced significant necrosis of the stomach tissue. Administration of MEVA significantly (p < 0.05) increased gastric pH, but decreased gastric acid secretion and reversed alteration of haematological parameters. It also significantly (p < 0.05) increased SOD activity, GSH level and decreased LPO level. The results suggest that Vernonia amygdalina possesses gastro-protective properties against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer.

Variability and trends in dry day frequency and dry event length in the southwestern United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

McCabe, Gregory J.; Legates, David R.; Lins, Harry F.

2010-01-01

Daily precipitation from 22 National Weather Service first-order weather stations in the southwestern United States for water years 1951 through 2006 are used to examine variability and trends in the frequency of dry days and dry event length. Dry events with minimum thresholds of 10 and 20 consecutive days of precipitation with less than 2.54 mm are analyzed. For water years and cool seasons (October through March), most sites indicate negative trends in dry event length (i.e., dry event durations are becoming shorter). For the warm season (April through September), most sites also indicate negative trends; however, more sites indicate positive trends in dry event length for the warm season than for water years or cool seasons. The larger number of sites indicating positive trends in dry event length during the warm season is due to a series of dry warm seasons near the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. Overall, a large portion of the variability in dry event length is attributable to variability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, especially for water years and cool seasons. Our results are consistent with analyses of trends in discharge for sites in the southwestern United States, an increased frequency in El Niño events, and positive trends in precipitation in the southwestern United States.

40 CFR 424.63 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of product) Manganese 0.678 0.339 Ammonia-N 6.778 3.389 English units (lb/1,000 lb of product) Manganese 0.678 0.339 Ammonia-N 6.778 3.389 (b) The... consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of product) Manganese 0.176 0.088 Ammonia-N 1.762 .881...

40 CFR 424.63 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of product) Manganese 0.678 0.339 Ammonia-N 6.778 3.389 English units (lb/1,000 lb of product) Manganese 0.678 0.339 Ammonia-N 6.778 3.389 (b) The... consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of product) Manganese 0.176 0.088 Ammonia-N 1.762 .881...

40 CFR 424.63 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of product) Manganese 0.678 0.339 Ammonia-N 6.778 3.389 English units (lb/1,000 lb of product) Manganese 0.678 0.339 Ammonia-N 6.778 3.389 (b) The... consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of product) Manganese 0.176 0.088 Ammonia-N 1.762 .881...

40 CFR 424.63 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of product) Manganese 0.678 0.339 Ammonia-N 6.778 3.389 English units (lb/1,000 lb of product) Manganese 0.678 0.339 Ammonia-N 6.778 3.389 (b) The... consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of product) Manganese 0.176 0.088 Ammonia-N 1.762 .881...

40 CFR 424.63 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of product) Manganese 0.678 0.339 Ammonia-N 6.778 3.389 English units (lb/1,000 lb of product) Manganese 0.678 0.339 Ammonia-N 6.778 3.389 (b) The... consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of product) Manganese 0.176 0.088 Ammonia-N 1.762 .881...

40 CFR 428.105 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of raw material) Oil and grease 2.0 0.73 BOD5 3.72 2.20 TSS 6.96 2.90 pH (1) (1) English units (lb/1,000 lb of raw material) Oil and grease 2.0 0.73 BOD5... daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of raw material) Chromium 0...

40 CFR 428.105 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of raw material) Oil and grease 2.0 0.73 BOD5 3.72 2.20 TSS 6.96 2.90 pH (1) (1) English units (lb/1,000 lb of raw material) Oil and grease 2.0 0.73 BOD5... daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of raw material) Chromium 0...

Characterization of within-day beginning times of storms for stochastic simulation

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The beginning times of storms within a day are often required for stochastic modeling purposes and for studies on plant growth. This study investigated the variation in frequency distributions of storm-initiation time (SI time) within a day due to elevation changes and month. Actual storms without 2...

77 FR 42873 - Defining Larger Participants of the Consumer Reporting Market

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-20

... reporting is a consumer financial product or service that is of fundamental importance to markets for many... consecutive months beginning on January 1 and ending on December 31. A ``tax year'' is an annual accounting period for keeping records and reporting income and expenses. An annual accounting period does not...

Indirect Effects of Child Reports of Teacher-Student Relationship on Achievement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hughes, Jan N.; Wu, Jiun-Yu; Kwok, Oi-Man; Villarreal, Victor; Johnson, Audrea Y.

2012-01-01

The effect of student-reported teacher-student relationship quality (TSRQ) on academic motivation and achievement was investigated among a sample of 690 academically at-risk elementary students (52.8% male). Measures of TSRQ, achievement, and motivation were collected annually for 3 consecutive years, beginning when participants were in Grade 2…

Implementing a Flipped Classroom Approach in a University Numerical Methods Mathematics Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnston, Barbara M.

2017-01-01

This paper describes and analyses the implementation of a "flipped classroom" approach, in an undergraduate mathematics course on numerical methods. The approach replaced all the lecture contents by instructor-made videos and was implemented in the consecutive years 2014 and 2015. The sequential case study presented here begins with an…

42 CFR 422.6 - Cost-sharing in enrollment-related costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... counseling and assistance program) and section 1860D-1(c) of the Act (relating to dissemination of enrollment...—(1) Timing of collection. CMS collects the fees over 9 consecutive months beginning with January of... under title XVIII. (f) Assessment methodology. (1) The amount of the applicable portion of the user fee...

42 CFR 422.6 - Cost-sharing in enrollment-related costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... counseling and assistance program) and section 1860D-1(c) of the Act (relating to dissemination of enrollment...—(1) Timing of collection. CMS collects the fees over 9 consecutive months beginning with January of... under title XVIII. (f) Assessment methodology. (1) The amount of the applicable portion of the user fee...

42 CFR 422.6 - Cost-sharing in enrollment-related costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... counseling and assistance program) and section 1860D-1(c) of the Act (relating to dissemination of enrollment...—(1) Timing of collection. CMS collects the fees over 9 consecutive months beginning with January of... under title XVIII. (f) Assessment methodology. (1) The amount of the applicable portion of the user fee...

34 CFR 682.405 - Loan rehabilitation agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... first required due date falls and ends with the ninth consecutive calendar month following that month... that begins with the month in which the first required due date falls and ends with the ninth... guaranty agency); and (3) A statement of the unpaid balance on all FFEL loans held by other holders. (iv...

A Reciprocal Effects Model of Children's Body Fat Self-Concept: Relations With Physical Self-Concept and Physical Activity.

PubMed

Garn, Alex C; Morin, Alexandre J S; Martin, Jeffrey; Centeio, Erin; Shen, Bo; Kulik, Noel; Somers, Cheryl; McCaughtry, Nate

2016-06-01

This study investigated a reciprocal effects model (REM) of children's body fat self-concept and physical self-concept, and objectively measured school physical activity at different intensities. Grade four students (N = 376; M age = 9.07, SD = .61; 55% boys) from the midwest region of the United States completed measures of physical self-concept and body fat self-concept, and wore accelerometers for three consecutive school days at the beginning and end of one school year. Findings from structural equation modeling analyses did not support reciprocal effects. However, children's body fat self-concept predicted future physical self-concept and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Multigroup analyses explored the moderating role of weight status, sex, ethnicity, and sex*ethnicity within the REM. Findings supported invariance, suggesting that the observed relations were generalizable for these children across demographic groups. Links between body fat self-concept and future physical self-concept and MVPA highlight self-enhancing effects that can promote children's health and well-being.

34 CFR 682.507 - Due diligence in collecting a loan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... of this section, the borrower's delinquency begins on the day after the due date of an installment... knowledge, the delinquency begins 30 days after the day the lender receives notice that the borrower has... the due diligence procedures in § 682.411 in collecting a Federal GSL loan. (b) Initial delinquency...

40 CFR 428.73 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of raw material) Oil and grease 0.26 0.093 TSS 0.50 0.25 pH (1) (1) English units (lb/1,000 lb of raw material) Oil and grease 0.26 0.093 TSS 0.50 0.25 pH... Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of raw material...

40 CFR 428.53 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of raw material) Oil and grease 0.70 0.25 TSS 1.28 0.64 pH (1) (1) English units (lb/1,000 lb of raw material) Oil and grease 0.70 0.25 TSS 1.28 0.64 pH... Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of raw material...

40 CFR 428.63 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of raw material) Oil and grease 0.42 0.15 TSS 0.80 0.40 pH (1) (1) English units (lb/1,000 lb of raw material) Oil and grease 0.42 0.15 TSS 0.80 0.40 pH... Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of raw material...

40 CFR 428.53 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of raw material) Oil and grease 0.70 0.25 TSS 1.28 0.64 pH (1) (1) English units (lb/1,000 lb of raw material) Oil and grease 0.70 0.25 TSS 1.28 0.64 pH... Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of raw material...

40 CFR 428.73 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of raw material) Oil and grease 0.26 0.093 TSS 0.50 0.25 pH (1) (1) English units (lb/1,000 lb of raw material) Oil and grease 0.26 0.093 TSS 0.50 0.25 pH... Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of raw material...

40 CFR 428.63 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of raw material) Oil and grease 0.42 0.15 TSS 0.80 0.40 pH (1) (1) English units (lb/1,000 lb of raw material) Oil and grease 0.42 0.15 TSS 0.80 0.40 pH... Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kg/kkg of raw material...

Analyte variations in consecutive 24-hour urine collections in children.

PubMed

Ellison, Jonathan S; Hollingsworth, John M; Langman, Craig B; Asplin, John R; Schwaderer, Andrew L; Yan, Phyllis; Bierlein, Maggie; Barraza, Mark A; Defoor, William R; Figueroa, T Ernesto; Jackson, Elizabeth C; Jayanthi, Venkata R; Johnson, Emilie K; Joseph, David B; Shnorhavorian, Margarett

2017-12-01

The metabolic evaluation of children with nephrolithiasis begins with a 24-h urine collection. For adults, the diagnostic yield increases with consecutive collections; however, little is known regarding the variability of multiple 24-h studies in the pediatric population. We sought to evaluate the variability of consecutive 24-h urine collection in children through a multi-institutional study hypothesizing that compared with a single collection, consecutive 24-h urine collections would reveal a greater degree of clinically useful information in the evaluation of children at risk for nephrolithiasis. Including data from six institutions, we identified children less than 18 years of age considered at risk for recurrent nephrolithiasis, undergoing metabolic evaluation. We evaluated a subset of patients performing two collections with urine creatinine varying by 10% or less during a 7-day period. Discordance between repeat collections based on normative urine chemistry values was evaluated. A total of 733 children met inclusion criteria, and in over a third both urine calcium and urine volume differed by 30% or more between samples. Urine oxalate demonstrated greater variation between collections in children <5 years than among older children (p = 0.030) while variation in other parameters did not differ by age. Discordance between repeat samples based on normative values was most common for urine oxalate (22.5%) and the derived relative supersaturation ratios for both calcium phosphate (25.1%) and calcium oxalate (20.5%). The proportion of discordant samples, based on normative thresholds, as well as variability greater ≥30% and 50%, respectively, are shown in the table. Our analysis indicates that stone risk in as many as one in four children may be misclassified if normative values of only a single 24-h urine are used. In light of these findings, repeat 24-h urine collections prior to targeted intervention to modify stone risk are advised to increase diagnostic yield in children at risk for nephrolithiasis. Copyright © 2017 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Predictors of bleeding and user satisfaction during consecutive use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system.

PubMed

Heikinheimo, O; Inki, P; Kunz, M; Gemzell-Danielsson, K

2010-06-01

Consecutive use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is increasing. However, little is known about factors that predict the bleeding during consecutive use. The objective of this study was to analyse the possible factors which may predict the bleeding pattern during the first year of use of a second LNG-IUS. Fertile-aged women (n = 204) who had used their first LNG-IUS for over 4 years and who opted for a second LNG-IUS were recruited. Bleeding data were reported using 90-day reference periods (RPs) starting from the last 90 days of the first LNG-IUS use (baseline), until the end of the first year of the second LNG-IUS (RPs 1-4). Demographic factors such as age, parity, body mass index, indication of LNG-IUS use or smoking could not be identified as predictors for bleeding and spotting (B/S). Mean (+/-SD) number of B/S days was 8.9 (+/-9.1) at baseline. This increased slightly during RP1 and fell to 6.4 (+/-8.1) during RP4. Compared with the mean, women with uterine fibroids or a bleeding pattern of >9 days of spotting or any bleeding at RP1 had more B/S days during RP1-4. Although the number of B/S days decreased progressively from RP1 to RP4 in the group with a bleeding pattern of >9 days of spotting or any bleeding at baseline, such a phenomenon was not observed for women with fibroids. The difference for the change in B/S days between women with and without fibroids was statistically significant at RP3 and RP4. A high degree (91.7%) of satisfaction with the bleeding pattern was observed, with amenorrhoeic women being most satisfied. Uterine B/S is reduced during consecutive use of the LNG-IUS. Women with uterine fibroids or any bleeding at baseline continued to have more B/S than other women.

Efficacy of triplet regimen antiemetic therapy for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in bone and soft tissue sarcoma patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy, and an efficacy comparison of single-shot palonosetron and consecutive-day granisetron for CINV in a randomized, single-blinded crossover study

PubMed Central

Kimura, Hiroaki; Yamamoto, Norio; Shirai, Toshiharu; Nishida, Hideji; Hayashi, Katsuhiro; Tanzawa, Yoshikazu; Takeuchi, Akihiko; Igarashi, Kentaro; Inatani, Hiroyuki; Shimozaki, Shingo; Kato, Takashi; Aoki, Yu; Higuchi, Takashi; Tsuchiya, Hiroyuki

2015-01-01

The first aim of this study was to evaluate combination antiemetic therapy consisting of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK-1RAs), and dexamethasone for multiple high emetogenic risk (HER) anticancer agents in bone and soft tissue sarcoma. The second aim was to compare the effectiveness of single-shot palonosetron and consecutive-day granisetron in a randomized, single-blinded crossover study. A single randomization method was used to assign eligible patients to the palonosetron or granisetron arm. Patients in the palonosetron arm received a palonosetron regimen during the first and third chemotherapy courses and a granisetron regimen during the second and fourth courses. All patients received NK-1RA and dexamethasone. Patients receiving the palonosetron regimen were administered 0.75 mg palonosetron on day 1, and patients receiving the granisetron regimen were administered 3 mg granisetron twice daily on days 1 through 5. All 24 patients in this study received at least 4 chemotherapy courses. A total of 96 courses of antiemetic therapy were evaluated. Overall, the complete response CR rate (no emetic episodes and no rescue medication use) was 34%, while the total control rate (a CR plus no nausea) was 7%. No significant differences were observed between single-shot palonosetron and consecutive-day granisetron. Antiemetic therapy with a 3-drug combination was not sufficient to control chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) during chemotherapy with multiple HER agents for bone and soft tissue sarcoma. This study also demonstrated that consecutive-day granisetron was not inferior to single-shot palonosetron for treating CINV. PMID:25533447

Intraoperative ventilation strategy during cardiopulmonary bypass attenuates the release of matrix metalloproteinases and improves oxygenation.

PubMed

Beer, Lucian; Warszawska, Joanna Maria; Schenk, Peter; Debreceni, Tamás; Dworschak, Martin; Roth, Georg A; Szerafin, Tamás; Ankersmit, Hendrik Jan

2015-05-01

Patients undergoing open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) often develop a systemic immune reaction, characterized by an increase of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. We previously demonstrated that continued mechanical ventilation during CPB reduces this response. We hypothesized that this strategy may also impact on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) release. Thirty consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with CPB were randomized into a ventilated (VG) (n = 15) and a standard non-ventilated group (NVG) (n = 15). Blood was collected at the beginning, at the end of surgery, and on the five consecutive days. MMPs, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Parameters of transpulmonary oxygen transport were assessed at different time points. MMP-8, MMP-9, and LCN2 were significantly lower at the end of surgery in VG compared with those in NVG patients (MMP-8 [ng/mL]: 7.1 [3.5] versus 12.5 [7.7], P = 0.02; MMP-9 [ng/mL]: 108 [42] versus 171 [98], P = 0.029; LCN2 [ng/mL]: 109 [42] versus 171 [98], P = 0.03). TIMP-1 concentrations were lower on postoperative day one, (TIMP-1 [ng/mL]: 174 [55] versus 273 [104], P = 0.003), whereas MMP-3 levels were lower on postoperative days four and five (MMP-3 [ng/mL]: 44 [17] versus 67 [35], P = 0.026). The arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio was significantly higher in VG patients throughout the postoperative observation period, which did not affect the length of postoperative ventilatory support. Continued mechanical ventilation during CPB reduces serum levels of MMPs, their inhibitor TIMP-1 and LCN2, which preserves MMP-9 activity. The present study suggests that continued mechanical ventilation improves postoperative oxygenation and could potentially prevent aggravation of lung injury after CPB. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects of Electro-Acupuncture on Ovarian P450arom, P450c17α and mRNA Expression Induced by Letrozole in PCOS Rats

PubMed Central

Wu, Huangan; Zhao, Jimeng; Cui, Yunhua; Liu, Huirong; Wu, Lingxiang; Shi, Yin; Zhu, Bing

2013-01-01

Hyperandrogenism is a core factor in the series of reproductive and endocrine metabolic disorders involved in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Abnormalities in enzymatic activity and the expression of ovarian granular cell layer P450arom and theca cell P450c17α can lead to an atypical environment of local ovarian hormones, including excessive androgen levels. Rat models prepared with letrozole exhibit similar endocrine and histological changes to those that occur in human PCOS. We used such a model to study the role of electro-acupuncture (EA) in regulating ovarian P450arom and P450c17α enzymatic activity and mRNA expression in PCOS rats. Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats aged 42 days were randomly divided into 3 groups (control, PCOS, and PCOS EA) consisting of 10 rats each. The PCOS and PCOS EA groups were administered a gavage of 1.0 mg/kg−1 of letrozole solution once daily for 21 consecutive days. Beginning in the ninth week, the PCOS EA group was administered low-frequency EA treatment daily for 14 consecutive days. After the treatment, we obtained the following results. The estrous cycles were restored in 8 of the 10 rats in the PCOS EA group, and their ovarian morphologies and ultrastructures normalized. The peripheral blood measurements (with ELISA) showed significantly decreased androgens (i.e., androstenedione and testosterone) with significantly increased estrogens (i.e., estrone, estradiol) and increased P450arom with decreased P450C17α. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting methods showed enhanced expression of ovarian granular cell layer P450arom as well as decreased expression of theca cell layer P450C17α. Fluorescence quantitative PCR methods showed enhanced expression of ovarian granular cell layer P450arom mRNA as well as decreased expression of theca cell layer P450C17α mRNA. These results may help explain the effects of electro-acupuncture in changing the local ovarian hyperandrogenic environment and improving reproductive and endocrine metabolic disorders in PCOS. PMID:24260211

Effects of electro-acupuncture on ovarian P450arom, P450c17α and mRNA expression induced by letrozole in PCOS rats.

PubMed

Sun, Jie; Jin, Chunlan; Wu, Huangan; Zhao, Jimeng; Cui, Yunhua; Liu, Huirong; Wu, Lingxiang; Shi, Yin; Zhu, Bing

2013-01-01

Hyperandrogenism is a core factor in the series of reproductive and endocrine metabolic disorders involved in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Abnormalities in enzymatic activity and the expression of ovarian granular cell layer P450arom and theca cell P450c17α can lead to an atypical environment of local ovarian hormones, including excessive androgen levels. Rat models prepared with letrozole exhibit similar endocrine and histological changes to those that occur in human PCOS. We used such a model to study the role of electro-acupuncture (EA) in regulating ovarian P450arom and P450c17α enzymatic activity and mRNA expression in PCOS rats. Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats aged 42 days were randomly divided into 3 groups (control, PCOS, and PCOS EA) consisting of 10 rats each. The PCOS and PCOS EA groups were administered a gavage of 1.0 mg/kg(-1) of letrozole solution once daily for 21 consecutive days. Beginning in the ninth week, the PCOS EA group was administered low-frequency EA treatment daily for 14 consecutive days. After the treatment, we obtained the following results. The estrous cycles were restored in 8 of the 10 rats in the PCOS EA group, and their ovarian morphologies and ultrastructures normalized. The peripheral blood measurements (with ELISA) showed significantly decreased androgens (i.e., androstenedione and testosterone) with significantly increased estrogens (i.e., estrone, estradiol) and increased P450arom with decreased P450C17α. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting methods showed enhanced expression of ovarian granular cell layer P450arom as well as decreased expression of theca cell layer P450C17α. Fluorescence quantitative PCR methods showed enhanced expression of ovarian granular cell layer P450arom mRNA as well as decreased expression of theca cell layer P450C17α mRNA. These results may help explain the effects of electro-acupuncture in changing the local ovarian hyperandrogenic environment and improving reproductive and endocrine metabolic disorders in PCOS.

78 FR 14116 - Notice of Invitation to Participate; Coal Exploration License Application WYW181234, WY

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-04

... Land Management, Interior. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: Pursuant to the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920, as... Rock Springs Rocket Miner once each week for 2 consecutive weeks beginning the week of March 4, 2013... State Office, 5353 Yellowstone Road, P.O. Box 1828, Cheyenne, WY 82003; and, BLM, Rock Springs Field...

78 FR 14114 - Notice of Invitation To Participate; Coal Exploration License Application WYW181233, WY

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-04

... Land Management, Interior. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: Pursuant to the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920, as... Rock Springs Rocket Miner once each week for 2 consecutive weeks beginning the week of March 4, 2013...): BLM, Wyoming State Office, 5353 Yellowstone Road, P.O. Box 1828, Cheyenne, WY 82003; and, BLM, Rock...

78 FR 14114 - Notice of Invitation To Participate; Coal Exploration License Application WYW181235, WY

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-04

... Land Management, Interior. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: Pursuant to the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920, as... Rock Springs Rocket Miner once each week for 2 consecutive weeks beginning the week of March 4, 2013... State Office, 5353 Yellowstone Road, P.O. Box 1828, Cheyenne, WY 82003; and, BLM, Rock Springs Field...

40 CFR 280.43 - Methods of release detection for tanks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... two consecutive stick readings at both the beginning and ending of the period; (3) The equipment used... UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (UST) Release Detection § 280.43 Methods of release detection for tanks. Each method... of the tank is made to the nearest one-eighth of an inch at least once a month. Note: Practices...

40 CFR 280.43 - Methods of release detection for tanks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... two consecutive stick readings at both the beginning and ending of the period; (3) The equipment used... UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (UST) Release Detection § 280.43 Methods of release detection for tanks. Each method... of the tank is made to the nearest one-eighth of an inch at least once a month. Note: Practices...

Control of brush regrowth with herbicides on pine plantations in northern California

Treesearch

Jay R. Bentley; Kenneth M. Estes

1978-01-01

On large plots cleared in 1961 at three California mountain locations, different herbicide treatments were applied once, twice, or three times in consecutive years, beginning in 1962. Results were evaluated in 1965. A single spray was unsatisfactory; only the initial seedlings and weaker sprouting plants were killed, and many new seedlings became established in 1963...

School Psychology Trainer Shortage in the USA: Current Status and Projections for the Future

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clopton, Kerri L.; Haselhuhn, Charlotte W.

2009-01-01

This study documents the number of school psychology faculty openings, reasons for resignations and the outcome of faculty searches in the United States for three consecutive academic years beginning in 2004. School psychology program training directors in the United States were surveyed about program faculty needs, including resignations and the…

40 CFR 436.42 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...— TSS 45 mg/l 25 mg/l. pH (1) (1) 1 Within the range 6.0 to 9.0. (2) Except as provided in paragraphs (a... daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— TSS 0.046 0.023 Total fluoride .006 .003 pH (1... consecutive days shall not exceed— TSS 45 mg/l 25 mg/l. pH (1) (1) 1 Within the range 6.0 to 9.0. (b) Any...

Characterizing prolonged heat effects on mortality in a sub-tropical high-density city, Hong Kong

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ho, Hung Chak; Lau, Kevin Ka-Lun; Ren, Chao; Ng, Edward

2017-11-01

Extreme hot weather events are likely to increase under future climate change, and it is exacerbated in urban areas due to the complex urban settings. It causes excess mortality due to prolonged exposure to such extreme heat. However, there is lack of universal definition of prolonged heat or heat wave, which leads to inadequacies of associated risk preparedness. Previous studies focused on estimating temperature-mortality relationship based on temperature thresholds for assessing heat-related health risks but only several studies investigated the association between types of prolonged heat and excess mortality. However, most studies focused on one or a few isolated heat waves, which cannot demonstrate typical scenarios that population has experienced. In addition, there are limited studies on the difference between daytime and nighttime temperature, resulting in insufficiency to conclude the effect of prolonged heat. In sub-tropical high-density cities where prolonged heat is common in summer, it is important to obtain a comprehensive understanding of prolonged heat for a complete assessment of heat-related health risks. In this study, six types of prolonged heat were examined by using a time-stratified analysis. We found that more consecutive hot nights contribute to higher mortality risk while the number of consecutive hot days does not have significant association with excess mortality. For a day after five consecutive hot nights, there were 7.99% [7.64%, 8.35%], 7.74% [6.93%, 8.55%], and 8.14% [7.38%, 8.88%] increases in all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, respectively. Non-consecutive hot days or nights are also found to contribute to short-term mortality risk. For a 7-day-period with at least five non-consecutive hot days and nights, there was 15.61% [14.52%, 16.70%] increase in all-cause mortality at lag 0-1, but only -2.00% [-2.83%, -1.17%] at lag 2-3. Differences in the temperature-mortality relationship caused by hot days and hot nights imply the need to categorize prolonged heat for public health surveillance. Findings also contribute to potential improvement to existing heat-health warning system.

Characterizing prolonged heat effects on mortality in a sub-tropical high-density city, Hong Kong.

PubMed

Ho, Hung Chak; Lau, Kevin Ka-Lun; Ren, Chao; Ng, Edward

2017-11-01

Extreme hot weather events are likely to increase under future climate change, and it is exacerbated in urban areas due to the complex urban settings. It causes excess mortality due to prolonged exposure to such extreme heat. However, there is lack of universal definition of prolonged heat or heat wave, which leads to inadequacies of associated risk preparedness. Previous studies focused on estimating temperature-mortality relationship based on temperature thresholds for assessing heat-related health risks but only several studies investigated the association between types of prolonged heat and excess mortality. However, most studies focused on one or a few isolated heat waves, which cannot demonstrate typical scenarios that population has experienced. In addition, there are limited studies on the difference between daytime and nighttime temperature, resulting in insufficiency to conclude the effect of prolonged heat. In sub-tropical high-density cities where prolonged heat is common in summer, it is important to obtain a comprehensive understanding of prolonged heat for a complete assessment of heat-related health risks. In this study, six types of prolonged heat were examined by using a time-stratified analysis. We found that more consecutive hot nights contribute to higher mortality risk while the number of consecutive hot days does not have significant association with excess mortality. For a day after five consecutive hot nights, there were 7.99% [7.64%, 8.35%], 7.74% [6.93%, 8.55%], and 8.14% [7.38%, 8.88%] increases in all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, respectively. Non-consecutive hot days or nights are also found to contribute to short-term mortality risk. For a 7-day-period with at least five non-consecutive hot days and nights, there was 15.61% [14.52%, 16.70%] increase in all-cause mortality at lag 0-1, but only -2.00% [-2.83%, -1.17%] at lag 2-3. Differences in the temperature-mortality relationship caused by hot days and hot nights imply the need to categorize prolonged heat for public health surveillance. Findings also contribute to potential improvement to existing heat-health warning system.

Developmental toxicity of diphenyl ether herbicides in nestling American kestrels

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hoffman, D.J.; Spann, J.W.; LeCaptain, L.J.; Bunck, C.M.; Rattner, B.A.

1991-01-01

Beginning the day after hatching, American kestrel (Falco sparverius) nestlings were orally dosed for 10 consecutive days with 5 microliters/g of corn oil (controls) or one of the diphenyl ether herbicides (nitrofen, bifenox, or oxyfluorfen) at concentrations of 10, 50, 250, or 500 mg/kg in corn oil. At 500 mg/kg, nitrofen resulted in complete nestling mortality, bifenox in high (66%) mortality, and oxyfluorfen in no mortality. Nitrofen at 250 mg/kg reduced nestling growth as reflected by decreased body weight, crownrump length, and bone lengths including humerus, radiusulna, femur, and tibiotarsus. Bifenox at 250 mg/kg had less effect on growth than nitrofen, but crownrump, humerus, radiusulna, and femur were significantly shorter than controls. Liver weight as a percent of body weight increased with 50 and 250 mg/kg nitrofen. Other manifestations of impending hepatotoxicity following nitrofen ingestion included increased hepatic GSH peroxidase activity in all nitrofentreated groups, and increased plasma enzyme activities for ALT, AST, and LDHL in the 250mg/kg group. Bifenox ingestion resulted in increased hepatic GSH peroxidase activity in the 50and 250mg/kg groups. Nitrofen exposure also resulted in an increase in total plasma thyroxine (T4) concentration. These findings suggest that altricial nestlings are more sensitive to diphenyl ether herbicides than young or adult birds of precocial species.

Electroacupuncture decreases the progression of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a rat model.

PubMed

Chen, Li; Sun, Hai-Xiang; Xia, You-Bing; Sui, Liu-Cai; Zhou, Ji; Huang, Xuan; Zhou, Jing-Wei; Shao, Yi-Dan; Shen, Tao; Sun, Qin; Liang, Yuan-Jiao; Yao, Bing

2016-05-01

This study aimed to elucidate the effect of electroacupuncture treatment on preventing early ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and the potential mechanisms involved using an induced rat model. The ovarian response was examined by measuring ovary weight, vascular permeability, levels of inflammation (interleukin-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha, chemokine ligand 2 (also known as monocyte chemoactic protein 1), vascular endothelial growth factor and hormone concentrations (oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone and prolactin). Sprague-Dawley female rats underwent ovarian stimulation to induce OHSS. Hyperstimulated rats received consecutive electroacupuncture treatment from 3 days before the beginning of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin treatment or the time point of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin treatment respectively, and last until 3 days after HCG administration. Electroacupuncture treatment reduced ovary weight and vascular permeability in hyperstimulated rats. Electroacupuncture treatment also reduced the levels of serum steroid hormones (progesterone and testosterone), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in hyperstimulated rats. The results indicate that electroacupuncture can modulate endocrine hormone secretion and affect the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factor, and thus prevent the progress of OHSS. Electroacupuncture may provide a simple and effective method for the prevention and treatment of OHSS. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Risk factors for onset of persistent respiratory symptoms in children with cystic fibrosis.

PubMed

McColley, Susanna A; Ren, Clement L; Schechter, Michael S; Regelmann, Warren E; Pasta, David J; Konstan, Michael W

2012-10-01

To characterize the onset of persistent signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease and identify characteristics that predict onset. Patients in the Epidemiologic Study of CF who were <4 years of age at enrollment and had ≥2 years of follow-up were included. We defined persistence as a sign or symptom that was present during two consecutive encounters separated by 60-365 days, and persistent clubbing as ≥50% of encounters with clubbing within 365 days. Predictors were assessed in a Cox proportional hazards model for age at first occurrence of each symptom. Each sign or symptom met the criterion of persistence in a substantial proportion of patients during a follow-up period of 7 ± 3 years (mean ± SD; range 2-12). Risk factors that predicted earlier onset of signs and symptoms included pancreatic enzyme use, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, and prior diagnosis of asthma. Other risk factors had variable effects on signs and symptoms. Signs and symptoms of lung disease begin early in CF. Risk factors previously reported for lower forced expiratory volume in 1 sec are also associated with earlier onset of persistent signs and symptoms of CF lung disease, but their impact varies. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Photodynamic therapy on bacterial reduction in dental caries: in vivo study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baptista, Alessandra; Araujo Prates, Renato; Kato, Ilka Tiemy; Amaral, Marcello Magri; Zanardi de Freitas, Anderson; Simões Ribeiro, Martha

2010-04-01

The reduction of pathogenic microorganisms in supragingival plaque is one of the principal factors in caries prevention and control. A large number of microorganisms have been reported to be inactivated in vitro by photodynamic therapy (PDT). The purpose of this study was to develop a rat model to investigate the effects of PDT on bacterial reduction in induced dental caries. Twenty four rats were orally inoculated with Streptococcus mutans cells (ATCC 25175) for three consecutive days. The animals were fed with a cariogenic diet and water with 10% of sucrose ad libitum, during all experimental period. Caries lesion formation was confirmed by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) 5 days after the beginning of the experiment. Then, the animals were randomly divided into two groups: Control Group: twelve animals were untreated by either light or photosensitizer; and PDT Group: twelve animals were treated with 100μM of methylene blue for 5min and irradiated by a Light Emitting Diode (LED) at λ = 640+/-30nm, fluence of 172J/cm2, output power of 240mW, and exposure time of 3min. Microbiological samples were collected before, immediately after, 3, 7 and 10 days after treatment and the number of total microaerophiles was counted. OCT images showed areas of enamel demineralization on rat molars. Microbiological analysis showed a significant bacterial reduction after PDT. Furthermore, the number of total microaerophiles in PDT group remained lower than control group until 10 days posttreatment. These findings suggest that PDT could be an alternative approach to reduce bacteria in dental caries.

Change from an 8-hour shift to a 12-hour shift, attitudes, sleep, sleepiness and performance.

PubMed

Lowden, A; Kecklund, G; Axelsson, J; Akerstedt, T

1998-01-01

The present study sought to evaluate the effect of a change from a rotating 3-shift (8-hour) to a 2-shift shift (12 hour) schedule on sleep, sleepiness, performance, perceived health, and well-being. Thirty-two shift workers at a chemical plant (control room operators) responded to a questionnaire a few months before a change was made in their shift schedule and 10 months after the change. Fourteen workers also filled out a diary, carried activity loggers, and carried out reaction-time tests (beginning and end of shift). Fourteen day workers served as a reference group for the questionnaires and 9 were intensively studied during a week with workdays and a free weekend. The questionnaire data showed that the shift change increased satisfaction with workhours, sleep, and time for social activities. Health, perceived accident risk, and reaction-time performance were not negatively affected. Alertness improved and subjective recovery time after night work decreased. The quick changes in the 8-hour schedule greatly increased sleep problems and fatigue. Sleepiness integrated across the entire shift cycle showed that the shift workers were less alert than the day workers, across workdays and days off (although alertness increased with the 12-hour shift). The change from 8-hour to 12-hour shifts was positive in most respects, possibly due to the shorter sequences of the workdays, the longer sequences of consecutive days off, the fewer types of shifts (easier planning), and the elimination of quick changes. The results may differ in groups with a higher work load.

Randomized clinical trial of expressive writing on wound healing following bariatric surgery.

PubMed

Koschwanez, Heidi; Robinson, Hayley; Beban, Grant; MacCormick, Andrew; Hill, Andrew; Windsor, John; Booth, Roger; Jüllig, Mia; Broadbent, Elizabeth

2017-07-01

Writing emotionally about upsetting life events (expressive writing) has been shown to speed healing of punch-biopsy wounds compared to writing objectively about daily activities. We aimed to investigate whether a presurgical expressive writing intervention could improve surgical wound healing. Seventy-six patients undergoing elective laparoscopic bariatric surgery were randomized either to write emotionally about traumatic life events (expressive writing) or to write objectively about how they spent their time (daily activities writing) for 20 min a day for 3 consecutive days beginning 2 weeks prior to surgery. A wound drain was inserted into a laparoscopic port site and wound fluid analyzed for proinflammatory cytokines collected over 24 hr postoperatively. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene tubes were inserted into separate laparoscopic port sites during surgery and removed after 14 days. Tubes were analyzed for hydroxyproline deposition (the primary outcome), a major component of collagen and marker of healing. Fifty-four patients completed the study. Patients who wrote about daily activities had significantly more hydroxyproline than did expressive writing patients, t(34) = -2.43, p = .020, 95% confidence interval [-4.61, -0.41], and higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha, t(29) = -2.42, p = .022, 95% confidence interval [-0.42, -0.04]. Perceived stress significantly reduced in both groups after surgery. Expressive writing prior to bariatric surgery was not effective at increasing hydroxyproline at the wound site 14 days after surgery. However, writing about daily activities did predict such an increase. Future research needs to replicate these findings and investigate generalizability to other surgical groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Chronic sleep restriction induces long-lasting changes in adenosine and noradrenaline receptor density in the rat brain.

PubMed

Kim, Youngsoo; Elmenhorst, David; Weisshaupt, Angela; Wedekind, Franziska; Kroll, Tina; McCarley, Robert W; Strecker, Robert E; Bauer, Andreas

2015-10-01

Although chronic sleep restriction frequently produces long-lasting behavioural and physiological impairments in humans, the underlying neural mechanisms are unknown. Here we used a rat model of chronic sleep restriction to investigate the role of brain adenosine and noradrenaline systems, known to regulate sleep and wakefulness, respectively. The density of adenosine A1 and A2a receptors and β-adrenergic receptors before, during and following 5 days of sleep restriction was assessed with autoradiography. Rats (n = 48) were sleep-deprived for 18 h day(-1) for 5 consecutive days (SR1-SR5), followed by 3 unrestricted recovery sleep days (R1-R3). Brains were collected at the beginning of the light period, which was immediately after the end of sleep deprivation on sleep restriction days. Chronic sleep restriction increased adenosine A1 receptor density significantly in nine of the 13 brain areas analysed with elevations also observed on R3 (+18 to +32%). In contrast, chronic sleep restriction reduced adenosine A2a receptor density significantly in one of the three brain areas analysed (olfactory tubercle which declined 26-31% from SR1 to R1). A decrease in β-adrenergic receptors density was seen in substantia innominata and ventral pallidum which remained reduced on R3, but no changes were found in the anterior cingulate cortex. These data suggest that chronic sleep restriction can induce long-term changes in the brain adenosine and noradrenaline receptors, which may underlie the long-lasting neurocognitive impairments observed in chronic sleep restriction. © 2015 European Sleep Research Society.

Overweight and Obese Humans Overeat Away from Home

PubMed Central

de Castro, John M.; King, George A.; Duarte-Gardea, Maria; Gonzalez-Ayala, Salvador; Kooshian, Charles H.

2012-01-01

The built environment has been implicated in the development of the epidemic of obesity. We investigated the differences in the meal patterns of normal weight vs. overweight/obese individuals occurring at home vs. other locations. The location of meals and their size in free-living participants were continuously recorded for 7 consecutive days. Study 1: 81 males and 84 females recorded their intake in 7-d diet diaries and wore a belt that contained a GPS Logger to record their location continuously for 7 consecutive days. Study 2: 388 males and 621 females recorded their intake in diet diaries for 7 consecutive days. In both studies, compared to eating at home, overweight/obese participants ate larger meals away from home in both restaurants and other locations than normal weight participants. Overweight/obese individuals appear to be more responsive to environmental cues for eating away from home. This suggests that the influence of the built environment on the intake of overweight/obese individuals may contribute to the obesity epidemic. PMID:22565154

The effect of acetaminophen (four grams a day for three consecutive days) on hepatic tests in alcoholic patients – a multicenter randomized study

PubMed Central

Kuffner, EK; Green, JL; Bogdan, GM; Knox, PC; Palmer, RB; Heard, K; Slattery, JT; Dart, RC

2007-01-01

Background Hepatic failure has been associated with reported therapeutic use of acetaminophen by alcoholic patients. The highest risk period for alcoholic patients is immediately after discontinuation of alcohol intake. This period exhibits the largest increase in CYP2E1 induction and lowest glutathione levels. Our hypothesis was that common liver tests would be unaffected by administration of the maximum recommended daily dosage of acetaminophen for 3 consecutive days to newly-abstinent alcoholic subjects. Methods Adult alcoholic subjects entering two alcohol detoxification centers were enrolled in a prospective double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were randomized to acetaminophen, 4 g/day, or placebo for 3 consecutive days. The study had 95% probability of detecting a 15 IU/L difference in serum ALT. Results A total of 443 subjects were enrolled: 308 (258 completed) received acetaminophen and 135 subjects (114 completed) received placebo. Study groups did not differ in demographics, alcohol consumption, nutritional status or baseline laboratory assessments. The peak mean ALT activity was 57 ± 45 IU/L and 55 ± 48 IU/L in the acetaminophen and placebo groups, respectively. Subgroup analyses for subjects presenting with an elevated ALT, subjects fulfilling a diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis and subjects attaining a peak ALT greater than 200 IU/L showed no statistical difference between the acetaminophen and control groups. The one participant developing an increased international normalized ratio was in the placebo group. Conclusion Alcoholic patients treated with the maximum recommended daily dose of acetaminophen for 3 consecutive days did not develop increases in serum transaminase or other measures of liver injury. Treatment of pain or fever for 3 days with acetaminophen appears safe in newly-abstinent alcoholic patients, such as those presenting for acute medical care. PMID:17537264

The association between consecutive days' heat wave and cardiovascular disease mortality in Beijing, China.

PubMed

Yin, Qian; Wang, Jinfeng

2017-02-23

Although many studies have examined the effects of heat waves on the excess mortality risk (ER) posed by cardiovascular disease (CVD), scant attention has been paid to the effects of various combinations of differing heat wave temperatures and durations. We investigated such effects in Beijing, a city of over 20 million residents. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to analyze the ER of consecutive days' exposure to extreme high temperatures. A key finding was that when extremely high temperatures occur continuously, at varying temperature thresholds and durations, the adverse effects on CVD mortality vary significantly. The longer the heat wave lasts, the greater the mortality risk is. When the daily maximum temperature exceeded 35 °C from the fourth day onward, the ER attributed to consecutive days' high temperature exposure saw an increase to about 10% (p < 0.05), and at the fifth day, the ER even reached 51%. For the thresholds of 32 °C, 33 °C, and 34 °C, from the fifth day onward, the ER also rose sharply (16, 29, and 31%, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, extreme high temperatures appeared to contribute to a higher proportion of CVD deaths among elderly persons, females and outdoor workers. When the daily maximum temperature was higher than 33 °C from the tenth consecutive day onward, the ER of CVD death among these groups was 94, 104 and 149%, respectively (p < 0.05), which is considerably higher than the ER for the overall population (87%; p < 0.05). The results of this study may assist governments in setting standards for heat waves, creating more accurate heat alerts, and taking measures to prevent or reduce temperature-related deaths, especially against the backdrop of global warming.

76 FR 2085 - Pacific Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-12

... data analysis methods, to assess their utility in stock assessment models to monitor trends at the.... Business will begin each day at 8:30 a.m. and conclude at 5 p.m. or until business for the day is completed. The CPS Methodology Review Panel will meet February 3-5, 2011. Business will begin each day at 8:30 a...

Trends in autumn rain of West China from 1961 to 2014

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Chi; Wang, Zunya; Zhou, Botao; Li, Yonghua; Tang, Hongyu; Xiang, Bo

2018-02-01

Autumn rain of West China is a typical climate phenomenon, which is characterized by continuous rainy days and large rainfall amounts and exerts profound impacts on the economic society. Based on daily precipitation data from 524 observation stations for the period of 1961-2014, this article comprehensively examined secular changes in autumn rain of West China, including its amount, frequency, intensity, and associated extremes. The results generally show a significant reduction of rainfall amount and rainy days and a significant enhancement of mean rainfall intensity for the average of West China during autumn (September-October) since 1961. Meanwhile, decreasing trends are consistently observed in the maximum daily rainfall, the longest consecutive rainy days, the greatest consecutive rainfall amount, and the frequencies of the extreme daily rainfall, consecutive rainfall, and consecutive rainfall process. Further analysis indicates that the decreases of autumn rainfall and related extremes in West China are associated with the decreases in both water vapor content and atmospheric unstable stratification during the past decades. On the regional scale, some differences exist in the changes of autumn rainfall between the eastern and western parts of West China. Besides, it is found that the autumn rainy season tends to start later and terminate earlier particularly in eastern West China.

Greater inhibition of the pituitary--ovarian axis in oral contraceptive regimens with a shortened hormone-free interval.

PubMed

Willis, Sherilyn A; Kuehl, Thomas J; Spiekerman, A Michael; Sulak, Patricia J

2006-08-01

Our objective was to test the hypothesis that shortening the hormone-free interval (HFI) between cycles of 21 days of oral contraceptives (OCs) reduces pituitary secretion of gonadotropins and ovarian production of estradiol and inhibin-B. We used a prospective trial design comparing the standard 7-day HFI and shortened HFI during cycles, with an OC containing 0.03 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg of drospirenone. Twelve current OC users initially utilized an OC in the standard fashion, with 21 days of active pills and a 7-day HFI, followed by 21 days of active pills with randomization to either a 3-day or a 4-day HFI. Nine daily blood samples were obtained for the measurement of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol and inhibin-B, beginning with active pill 21 days before each HFI of the two cycles. Analysis of variance was used to compare hormones for 9 days bracketing the standard 7-day HFI and to compare, within individuals, the 7-day HFI and the subsequent shortened HFI. During the 7-day HFI, all four hormones significantly (p>.001) increased from baseline. FSH increased beginning on HFI Day 4, inhibin-B increased beginning on HFI Day 5, and LH and estradiol increased beginning on HFI Day 6. Subjects randomized to the 3-day or the 4-day HFI did not differ with regard to age and body size (p=.88) or initial hormone level (p=.67). Greater pituitary and ovarian suppression was seen with the shortened HFI for all four hormones (p<.001). Hormone levels in the 7 days after the last active pill of the second cycle did not differ (p>.4) between the 3-day and the 4-day HFI groups. Shortening the HFI from 7 days to 3 or 4 days blunts increases in the pituitary-ovarian axis during cycles of OC use.

Facial tightening with an advanced 4-MHz monopolar radiofrequency device.

PubMed

Taub, Amy F; Tucker, Robert D; Palange, Andrea

2012-11-01

Over the past 10 years, radiofrequency (RF) technology has been utilized for nonablative treatments for the treatment of rhytides and skin laxity. This manuscript reviews the scientific background of collagen synthesis in vivo and in response to RF energy as well as a clinical study of 17 patients receiving a series of facial treatments with a 4-MHz monopolar RF (Pellevé, Ellman International, Inc, Oceanside, NY). Clinical methods, results, and a review of the literature for RF aesthetic treatments of the face are presented. Seventeen patients were treated in one site with 6 total treatments scheduled as follows: 1 session was performed every 15 days for 2 consecutive sessions, 1 session every month for 2 consecutive sessions, and 1 session every 2 months for 2 consecutive sessions. Both the treating physician and the patients via live viewing and comparison with baseline photographs performed assessment of results. Results are reported as averages across the 17 patients. Two weeks after the first treatment, patients noted an overall average of 25% to 30% improvement. Just before the last or sixth treatment, there was an average of 50% improvement noted by the physician, with patients ranking an average self-improvement of 48%. The treating physician rated average improvement of 46% compared with baseline, whereas the patients ranked average improvement of 30% compared with baseline at 1 year after treatment was initiated (6 months after the final treatment). Patients find this treatment to be very well tolerated, with minimal to no discomfort and no downtime or significant side effects. The Pellevé 4-MHz monopolar RF device is effective, safe, and very well tolerated for treating laxity, texture, and wrinkles of the skin without complication or discomfort. Evidence in the literature supports the scientific mechanism of action of acute collagen modification and continued neocollagenesis observed with the system. In this cohort, patients maintain approximately 50% improvement on average at 6 months and a 30% to 50% improvement 1 year after beginning the treatments, 6 months after completion.

26 CFR 1.911-3 - Determination of amount of foreign earned income to be excluded.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the physical presence requirement of § 1.911-2(a)(2)(ii) is met is any twelve consecutive month period... taxable year. Thus, if an individual's period of physical, presence is the twelve-month period beginning..., by the number of months in the period when services giving rise to such amount were performed, and...

26 CFR 1.911-3 - Determination of amount of foreign earned income to be excluded.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... the physical presence requirement of § 1.911-2(a)(2)(ii) is met is any twelve consecutive month period... taxable year. Thus, if an individual's period of physical, presence is the twelve-month period beginning..., by the number of months in the period when services giving rise to such amount were performed, and...

26 CFR 1.911-3 - Determination of amount of foreign earned income to be excluded.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... the physical presence requirement of § 1.911-2(a)(2)(ii) is met is any twelve consecutive month period... taxable year. Thus, if an individual's period of physical, presence is the twelve-month period beginning..., by the number of months in the period when services giving rise to such amount were performed, and...

26 CFR 1.911-3 - Determination of amount of foreign earned income to be excluded.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... the physical presence requirement of § 1.911-2(a)(2)(ii) is met is any twelve consecutive month period... taxable year. Thus, if an individual's period of physical, presence is the twelve-month period beginning..., by the number of months in the period when services giving rise to such amount were performed, and...

History of irrigation and characteristics of streamflow in Nebraska, part of the North and South Platte River basins

USGS Publications Warehouse

Shaffer, F. Butler

1976-01-01

Statistics on streamflow for selected periods of time are presented for 28 gaging sites in the Nebraska part of the North and South Platte River basins. Monthly mean discharges, monthly means in percent of annual runoff, standard deviations, coefficients of variation, and monthly extremes are given. Also tabulated are probabilities of high discharges for 1 day and for 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 consecutive days and of low discharges for 1 day and for 3, 7, 14, 30, and 60 consecutive days. All statistics are based on records that are representative of 1973 conditions of streamflow. Brief historical data are given for 27 of the principal irrigation canals diverting from the North and South Platte Rivers. (Woodard-USGS)

Pilot fatigue : intercontinental jet flight. 1. Oklahoma City Tokyo.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1965-03-01

Following 3 consecutive days of biomedical assessment in Oklahoma City, six healthy subjects were transported to Tokyo, where assessments were made on alternate days throughout a period of 10 days, and were then transported back to Oklahoma City, whe...

Determining Heat Waves from Observations and COSMO-CLM Simulations in Istanbul

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuruk, Cemre; Unal, Yurdanur; Irem Bilgen, Simge; Topcu, Sema; Mentes, Sibel

2016-04-01

Climate change has crucial effects on cities and especially for informal settlements, urban poor and other vulnerable groups by influencing human health, assets and livelihoods. These impacts directly result from the variations in temperature and precipitation, and emergence of heat waves, droughts, floods and fires (IPCC, 2014). Summertime episodes with extremely high air temperatures which last for several days or longer are addressed to as heat waves and affect the weather and climate in the globe. The aim of this study is to analyze the occurrence of heat waves in terms of quantity, duration and frequency and also to evaluate the accuracy of the COSMO-CLM (CCLM) model coupled with MPI-ESM-LR in reproducing the characteristics of heat waves in Istanbul. The summer maximum temperatures of six Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS) stations are selected between 1960 and 2013 to estimate the characteristics of heat waves in Istanbul. We define the heat wave if the maximum temperatures exceed a threshold value for at least three consecutive days. The threshold value is determined as 30.5 °C from the 90th percentile of all six station's observations. Then it is used in the detection of the hot days, heat waves and their durations. The results show that not only the number of heat waves but also duration of heat waves increase towards the end of the study period. Especially, a significant increase in heat wave events is evident after 1990s. An example of this situation is observed in a Kilyos station located northern part of the city. Kilyos experiences only one heat wave in the beginning of 1970s whereas the number of heat waves increases in years and reaches to the maximum value of 5 in 2000. Furthermore, Kartal as an urban area in the Asian side of the city, exhibits highest heat wave duration with 18 consecutive days in 1998. In addition to station data analyses, the local climate of Istanbul and its vicinity is simulated by CCLM model with approximately 3 km resolution between 1970 and 2005 and the verifications of the heat waves are carried out in terms of the intensity, duration and spatial extent. It is found that urban heat island increases the frequency of hot-days at the urbanized areas of Istanbul. This work is supported by TUBITAK project, number 114Y047. Keywords: Heat waves, Istanbul, local climate, COSMO-CLM, urban heat island

Time off is crucial.

PubMed

Arif, Zeba

2016-10-05

Most nurses are contracted to work 37.5 hours over five days, followed by two days off. But many areas of the health service are so short staffed that split days off, where nurses do not get two consecutive days off, are becoming more common as managers struggle to provide cover for shifts.

Effects of acamprosate on ethanol-seeking and self-administration in the rat.

PubMed

Czachowski, C L; Legg, B H; Samson, H H

2001-03-01

Acamprosate (calcium acetyl homotaurinate) has been used clinically to treat relapse in alcoholics. In rats, it has been shown to decrease ethanol, but not water, self-administration after ethanol deprivation. To further investigate the effect of acamprosate on reinforced behaviors in rats, the present experiment used: (1) both ethanol and sucrose reinforcer solutions to better assess the distinct effects of acamprosate on ethanol-directed behaviors, and (2) an operant model that procedurally separates the "cost" to begin drinking from consuming the reinforcer solutions to dissociate the effects of acamprosate on appetitive versus consummatory processes. In daily sessions (5 days/week), rats (n = 6/group) were trained to make 30 lever-press responses to gain access for 20 min to a sipper tube containing either ethanol (10%) or sucrose (3%). After stable responding, acamprosate treatment was given. Three doses were tested (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/injection, intraperitoneally), one dose per week. Each week, a total of four injections were given (21 and 2 hr before the operant sessions over 2 consecutive days). At these doses, acamprosate had no effect on the measures of appetitive responding for either solution. However, all doses reliably decreased ethanol consumption on the 2nd day of treatment (from an average of 0.83 to 0.63 g/kg). Analysis of the pattern of ethanol consumption showed that the effects of acamprosate occurred after the onset of a normal pattern of intake, as measured by lick rate and size of the initial bout of drinking, which suggested that acamprosate is most effective when combined with the pharmacological effects of ethanol. Sucrose intake was unaffected by all acamprosate treatments, which indicated that the treatment effects were specific to ethanol and not due to a general decrease in consummatory behavior. Overall, these results suggest that acamprosate is effective at reducing total ethanol intake, but may not reliably alter subjects propensity to begin a drinking bout as measured by this model. However, whether this applies to the clinical use of acamprosate, where other types of reinforcement may also precipitate relapse drinking, is not certain.

5 CFR 532.501 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... of seven consecutive calendar days. Basic workweek for full time employees means the days and hours... scheduled administrative workweek. Night shift differential means the differential paid the employee when... day or in excess of 40 hours in an administrative workweek, and includes irregular or occasional...

Associations between mortality and prolonged exposure to elevated particulate matter concentrations in East Asia.

PubMed

Kim, Satbyul Estella; Bell, Michelle L; Hashizume, Masahiro; Honda, Yasushi; Kan, Haidong; Kim, Ho

2018-01-01

Previous epidemiological studies regarding mortality and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10μm (PM 10 ) have considered only absolute concentrations of PM 10 as a risk factor. However, none have evaluated the durational effect of multi-day periods with high PM 10 concentrations. To evaluate the durational effect (i.e., number of days) of high PM 10 concentrations on mortality, we collected data regarding 3,662,749 deaths from 28 cities in Japan, South Korea, and China (1993-2009). Exposure was defined as consecutive days with daily PM 10 concentrations ≥75μg/m 3 . A Poisson model was used with duration as the variable of interest, while controlling for daily PM 10 concentrations, meteorological variables, seasonal trends, and day of the week. The increase in mortality risk for each additional consecutive day with PM 10 concentrations ≥75μg/m 3 was 0.68% in Japan (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35-1.01%), 0.48% in South Korea (95% CI: 0.30-0.66%), and 0.24% in China (95% CI: 0.14-0.33%). The annual average maximum number of consecutive days with high PM 10 in Japan (2.40days), South Korea (6.96days), and China (42.26days) was associated with non-accidental death increases of 1.64% (95% CI: 1.31-1.98%), 3.37% (95% CI: 3.19-3.56%), and 10.43% (95% CI: 10.33-10.54%), respectively. These findings may facilitate the planning of public health interventions to minimize the health burden of air pollution. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Efficacy of triplet regimen antiemetic therapy for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in bone and soft tissue sarcoma patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy, and an efficacy comparison of single-shot palonosetron and consecutive-day granisetron for CINV in a randomized, single-blinded crossover study.

PubMed

Kimura, Hiroaki; Yamamoto, Norio; Shirai, Toshiharu; Nishida, Hideji; Hayashi, Katsuhiro; Tanzawa, Yoshikazu; Takeuchi, Akihiko; Igarashi, Kentaro; Inatani, Hiroyuki; Shimozaki, Shingo; Kato, Takashi; Aoki, Yu; Higuchi, Takashi; Tsuchiya, Hiroyuki

2015-03-01

The first aim of this study was to evaluate combination antiemetic therapy consisting of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK-1RAs), and dexamethasone for multiple high emetogenic risk (HER) anticancer agents in bone and soft tissue sarcoma. The second aim was to compare the effectiveness of single-shot palonosetron and consecutive-day granisetron in a randomized, single-blinded crossover study. A single randomization method was used to assign eligible patients to the palonosetron or granisetron arm. Patients in the palonosetron arm received a palonosetron regimen during the first and third chemotherapy courses and a granisetron regimen during the second and fourth courses. All patients received NK-1RA and dexamethasone. Patients receiving the palonosetron regimen were administered 0.75 mg palonosetron on day 1, and patients receiving the granisetron regimen were administered 3 mg granisetron twice daily on days 1 through 5. All 24 patients in this study received at least 4 chemotherapy courses. A total of 96 courses of antiemetic therapy were evaluated. Overall, the complete response CR rate (no emetic episodes and no rescue medication use) was 34%, while the total control rate (a CR plus no nausea) was 7%. No significant differences were observed between single-shot palonosetron and consecutive-day granisetron. Antiemetic therapy with a 3-drug combination was not sufficient to control chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) during chemotherapy with multiple HER agents for bone and soft tissue sarcoma. This study also demonstrated that consecutive-day granisetron was not inferior to single-shot palonosetron for treating CINV. © 2014 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Endurance exercise-induced changes in BNP concentrations in cardiovascular patients versus healthy controls.

PubMed

Aengevaeren, Vincent L; Hopman, Maria T E; Thijssen, Dick H J; van Kimmenade, Roland R; de Boer, Menko-Jan; Eijsvogels, Thijs M H

2017-01-15

Healthy athletes demonstrated increased B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations following exercise, but it is unknown whether these responses are exaggerated in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) or disease (CVD). We compared exercise-induced increases in BNP between healthy controls (CON) and individuals with CVRF or CVD. Furthermore, we aimed to identify predictors for BNP responses. Serum BNP concentrations were measured in 191 participants (60±12yrs) of the Nijmegen Marches before (baseline) and immediately after 4 consecutive days of walking exercise (30-50km/day). CVRF (n=54) was defined as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity or smoking and CVD (n=55) was defined as a history of myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation or angina pectoris. Individuals walked 487±79min/day at 65±10% of their maximum heart rate. Baseline BNP concentrations were higher for CVD (median: 28.1pg/ml; interquartile range: 13-50, p<0.001) compared to CVRF (3.9pg/ml; 0-14) and CON (5.5pg/ml; 0-14). Post-exercise BNP concentrations were elevated in CVD (35.7pg/ml, 17-67, p=0.01), but not in CVRF participants (p=0.11) or CON (p=0.07). No cumulative effect in BNP concentrations was observed across the consecutive walking days (p>0.05). Predictors for post-exercise BNP (R 2 =0.77) were baseline BNP, beta-blocker use and age. Prolonged moderate-intensity walking exercise increases BNP concentrations in CVD participants, but not in CVRF and CON. BNP increases were small, and did not accumulate across consecutive days of exercise. These findings suggest that prolonged walking exercise for multiple consecutive days is feasible with minimal effect on myocardial stretch, even for participants with CVD. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.. All rights reserved.

The Acute Effect of Concurrent Training on Running Performance over 6 Days

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doma, Kenji; Deakin, Glen

2015-01-01

Purpose: This study examined the effects of strength training on alternating days and endurance training on consecutive days on running performance for 6 days. Methods: Sixteen male and 8 female moderately trained individuals were evenly assigned into concurrent-training (CCT) and strength-training (ST) groups. The CCT group undertook strength…

TOXICITY STUDIES OF EPICHLOROHYDRIN IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS

EPA Science Inventory

Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats received epichlorohydrin via gavage in distilled water for 10 consecutive days at dose levels of 3, 7, 19, and 46 mg/kg-day, and for 90 days at dose levels of 1, 5, and 25 mg/kg-day. Epichlorohydrin did not adversely effect mortality, but...

Excretion pattern of enrofloxacin after oral treatment of chicken broilers.

PubMed

Slana, M; Pahor, V; Cvitkovič Maričič, L; Sollner-Dolenc, M

2014-12-01

The metabolism and excretion of enrofloxacin were studied when applied as oral solution to chicken broilers for five consecutive days. Sixty 9-day-old broilers were isolated within an intensively rearing poultry farm during enrofloxacin therapy (15.5 mg/kg per day). The excreta of the isolated broilers were collected daily, 9 days after therapy termination, for 13 consecutive days, and analyzed for the presence of enrofloxacin and its metabolites [ciprofloxacin, desethylene-enrofloxacin (DES-EF) and desethylene-ciprofloxacin (DES-CF)]. Enrofloxacin was excreted predominantly in the form of the parent compound between days 1 and 13. Ciprofloxacin was detected in the excreta between days 1 and 6, whereas minor amounts of DES-EF and DES-CF were excreted only between days 1-7 and 1-6, respectively. In conclusion, the analysis of the excreta showed that approximately 74% of orally applied enrofloxacin was excreted as the parent compound, approximately 25% as the main metabolite ciprofloxacin, and approximately 1% as the minor metabolites desethylene-enrofloxacin and desethylene-ciprofloxacin. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

[Therapeutic regimens for treating bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women].

PubMed

Borisov, I; Dimitrova, V; Mazneĭkova, V; Shopova, E

1999-01-01

The study comprises 128 pregnant women examined at different gestational weeks. The diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis was made using: a) the complex clinical criteria--vaginal discharge, vaginal pH, amine test and "clue cells" b) Nugent scoring system c) Spiegel criteria. Two therapeutic regimens were compared--intravaginal 2% clindamycin creme (Dalacin V) 5 g three consecutive days and intravaginal metronidazole (Flagyl) 500 mg once daily for 5 consecutive days. Control examination was carried out 5-7 days after completion of therapy using the same protocol. 28 women from the first group and 31 women from the second group had the control examination. Bacterial vaginosis was eradicated in 93% of women using intravaginal clindamycin and in 87% of women using intravaginal metronidazole. Both regimes were more effective compared to treatment with oral ampicillin for 7 days, where the cure rate was 62%.

Carnosine reverses the aging-induced down regulation of brain regional serotonergic system.

PubMed

Banerjee, Soumyabrata; Ghosh, Tushar K; Poddar, Mrinal K

2015-12-01

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the role of carnosine, an endogenous dipeptide biomolecule, on brain regional (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and pons-medulla) serotonergic system during aging. Results showed an aging-induced brain region specific significant (a) increase in Trp (except cerebral cortex) and their 5-HIAA steady state level with an increase in their 5-HIAA accumulation and declination, (b) decrease in their both 5-HT steady state level and 5-HT accumulation (except cerebral cortex). A significant decrease in brain regional 5-HT/Trp ratio (except cerebral cortex) and increase in 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio were also observed during aging. Carnosine at lower dosages (0.5-1.0μg/Kg/day, i.t. for 21 consecutive days) didn't produce any significant response in any of the brain regions, but higher dosages (2.0-2.5μg/Kg/day, i.t. for 21 consecutive days) showed a significant response on those aging-induced brain regional serotonergic parameters. The treatment with carnosine (2.0μg/Kg/day, i.t. for 21 consecutive days), attenuated these brain regional aging-induced serotonergic parameters and restored towards their basal levels that observed in 4 months young control rats. These results suggest that carnosine attenuates and restores the aging-induced brain regional down regulation of serotonergic system towards that observed in young rats' brain regions. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Instructor's Perceptions towards the Use of an Online Instructional Tool in an Academic English Setting in Kuwait

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Erguvan, Deniz

2014-01-01

This study sets out to explore the faculty members' perceptions of a specific web-based instruction tool (Achieve3000) in a private higher education institute in Kuwait. The online tool provides highly differentiated instruction, which is initiated with a level set at the beginning of the term. The program is used in two consecutive courses as…

78 FR 76327 - Notice of Denial of Georgia's Application for a “Cap” of the 2013 Credit Reduction Under the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-17

... an outstanding balance of advances under Title XII of the Social Security Act at the beginning of... against the FUTA tax for the calendar year in which the most recent such January 1 occurs, if a balance of... Fund account having an outstanding balance of Title XII advances on January 1 of four consecutive years...

Side Effects of Long-Term Continuous Intra-arterial Nimodipine Infusion in Patients with Severe Refractory Cerebral Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

PubMed

Kieninger, Martin; Flessa, Julia; Lindenberg, Nicole; Bele, Sylvia; Redel, Andreas; Schneiker, André; Schuierer, Gerhard; Wendl, Christina; Graf, Bernhard; Silbereisen, Vera

2018-02-01

Long-term continuous intra-arterial nimodipine infusion (CIAN) is a rescue therapy option in cases of severe refractory cerebral vasospasm (CV) following acute non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, CIAN therapy can be associated with relevant side effects. Available studies focus on intracerebral complications, whereas extracerebral side effects are rarely examined. Aim of the present study was to generate descriptive data on the clinical course during CIAN therapy and expectable extracerebral side effects. All patients treated with CIAN therapy for at least 5 days between May 2011 and December 2015 were included. We retrospectively extracted data from the patient data management system regarding the period between 2 days before the beginning and 5 days after the termination of CIAN therapy to analyze the course of ventilation parameters and pulmonary gas exchange, hemodynamic support, renal and liver function, integrity of the gastrointestinal tract, and the occurrence of infectious complications. In addition, we recorded the mean daily values of intracranial pressure (ICP) and intracerebral problems associated with CIAN therapy. Data from 28 patients meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed. The mean duration of long-term CIAN therapy was 10.5 ± 4.5 days. Seventeen patients (60.7%) reached a good outcome level (Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS] 4-5) 6 months after SAH. An impairment of the pulmonary gas exchange occurred only at the very beginning of CIAN therapy. The required vasopressor support with norepinephrine was significantly higher on all days during and the first day after CIAN therapy compared to the situation before starting CIAN therapy. Two patients required short-time resuscitation due to cardiac arrest during CIAN therapy. Acute kidney injury was observed in four patients, and one of them required renal replacement therapy with sustained low-efficiency daily dialysis. During CIAN therapy, 23 patients (82.1%) needed the escalation of a previous antiinfective therapy or the onset of antibiotics which was in line with a significant increase of C-reactive protein and white blood cell count. Obstipation was observed in 22 patients (78.6%). Ten patients (35.7%) even showed insufficient defecation on at least seven consecutive days. Compared to the situation before, ICP was significantly higher during the whole period of CIAN therapy. Long-term CIAN therapy is associated with diverse side effects. The leading problems are an impairment of the hemodynamic situation and cardiac problems, an increase in infectious complications, a worsening of the motility of the gastrointestinal tract, and rising ICP values. Teams on neurointensive care units must be aware of these side effects to avoid that the beneficial effects of CIAN therapy on CV reported elsewhere are foiled by the problems this technique can be associated with.

40 CFR 72.11 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... event shall begin on the day the act or event occurs. (b) Unless otherwise stated, any time period scheduled, under the Acid Rain Program, to begin before the occurrence of an act or event shall be computed so that the period ends on the day before the act or event occurs. (c) Unless otherwise stated, if...

40 CFR 72.11 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... event shall begin on the day the act or event occurs. (b) Unless otherwise stated, any time period scheduled, under the Acid Rain Program, to begin before the occurrence of an act or event shall be computed so that the period ends on the day before the act or event occurs. (c) Unless otherwise stated, if...

40 CFR 72.11 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... event shall begin on the day the act or event occurs. (b) Unless otherwise stated, any time period scheduled, under the Acid Rain Program, to begin before the occurrence of an act or event shall be computed so that the period ends on the day before the act or event occurs. (c) Unless otherwise stated, if...

40 CFR 72.11 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... event shall begin on the day the act or event occurs. (b) Unless otherwise stated, any time period scheduled, under the Acid Rain Program, to begin before the occurrence of an act or event shall be computed so that the period ends on the day before the act or event occurs. (c) Unless otherwise stated, if...

40 CFR 72.11 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... event shall begin on the day the act or event occurs. (b) Unless otherwise stated, any time period scheduled, under the Acid Rain Program, to begin before the occurrence of an act or event shall be computed so that the period ends on the day before the act or event occurs. (c) Unless otherwise stated, if...

Beginning English Day by Day.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roddy, Michael

This book aims to meet the needs of students who are beginning to learn English and to help them reach such goals as gaining an education, finding a job, continuing on to higher education, or functioning better in everyday life in the United States. The book stresses the basic language skills of vocabulary development, grammar, reading, writing,…

Minimizing variance in pediatric gastrostomy: does standardized perioperative feeding plan decrease cost and improve outcomes?

PubMed

Sunstrom, Rachel; Hamilton, Nicholas; Fialkowski, Elizabeth; Lofberg, Katrine; McKee, Julie; Sims, Thomas; Krishnaswami, Sanjay; Azarow, Kenneth

2016-05-01

A protocol for laparoscopic gastrostomy placement was implemented which specified perioperative antibiotics, feeding regimens, and discharge criteria. Our hypothesis was that hospital cost could be decreased, whereas at the same time improving or maintaining patient outcomes. Data were collected on consecutive patients beginning 6 months after implementation of our protocol. We recorded surgeon compliance, patient outcomes (as defined by 30-day NSQIP complication rates), and cost of initial hospitalization, which was then compare to a 6-month historical control period. Our control group n = 26 and protocol group n = 39. Length of stay was shorter in the protocol group (P ≤ .05 by nonparametric analysis). The complication rate was similar in both groups (23% control vs 15% protocol, P = .43). Initial hospital costs were not different. Surgeon compliance to protocol was 82%. A standard protocol is achievable for gastrostomy tube management. After implementation of our protocol, we were able to show a significant decrease in length of stay, whereas maintaining quality. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Action of therapeutic laser and ultrasound in peripheral nerve regeneration

PubMed Central

Oliveira, Fabrício Borges; Pereira, Valéria Martins Dias; da Trindade, Ana Paula Nassif Tondato; Shimano, Antônio Carlos; Gabriel, Ronaldo Eugênio Calçada Dias; Borges, Ana Paula Oliveira

2012-01-01

Objective To assess the efficacy of early therapeutic laser and ultrasound in the regeneration process of an injury in rats. Methods We used 24 rats. Eighteen underwent surgery for sciatic nerve compression by a hemostat above the popliteal fossa. The animals were divided into three groups of six animals each. Normal control group. GI: Injured control without therapeutic intervention. GII: laser ArGaAl therapeutic intervention. GIII: therapeutic intervention of Pulsed Ultrasound. We begin therapeutic interventions 24 hours after injury, with daily applications for a period of fourteen consecutive days. Results In assessing the girth of the muscles of the right they, the following average decrease (in mm) for each GI: 0.45, GII: 0.42, GIII: 0.40 In relation to travel time, both GII and GIII presented significant difference when compared to GI. In the final evaluation of the IFC, GII excelled in the GIII. As for the healing observed, a major great improvement was observed in GII and GIII. Conclusion The results showed that nerve recovery was higher with the laser application. Level of evidence II, Therapeutic Studies - Investigation of the results of treatment. PMID:24453589

Modifying beliefs about back pain: A pilot study among healthcare professionals.

PubMed

Monnin, Dominique; Courvoisier, Delphine S; Genevay, Stéphane

2016-04-01

This study aimed to explore whether a preventive intervention based on the non-injury model and the biopsychosocial model of back pain succeeded in shifting beliefs toward less negative representations and in decreasing fear-avoidance beliefs related to back pain. One hundred and one healthcare professionals took part in a 10-h educational program held over 2 consecutive days, based on the key messages of the "Back Book." Baseline values were measured 6 weeks before the intervention and when it started. Follow-up was performed at the end of the intervention and six months later. No significant changes were observed between baseline values and values measured at the beginning of the intervention, but participants' beliefs about LBP changed significantly after the program. The benefit remained at 6 months follow-up. A prevention program based on the non-injury and bio-psychosocial models of LBP, introducing empowerment and problem-solving strategies, significantly reduced fear-avoidance and negative beliefs about LBP. The change was clinically relevant and thus could decrease direct and indirect healthcare costs. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

A semifluorinated alkane (F4H5) as novel carrier for cyclosporine A: a promising therapeutic and prophylactic option for topical treatment of dry eye.

PubMed

Gehlsen, Uta; Braun, Tobias; Notara, Maria; Krösser, Sonja; Steven, Philipp

2017-04-01

Cyclosporine A (Cs) has been used as effective topical therapy for inflammatory dry eye disease since more than a decade. However, due to its lipophilic character, Cs is formulated as emulsions or oily solutions for topical application. This experimental study aimed to test if the use of semifluorinated alkanes (SFAs) as a preservative-free, well-tolerated non-stinging or burning vehicle maintains or even improves the benefits of Cs in the topical therapy of dry-eye disease. Desiccating stress was applied to C57BL/6 mice for 14 consecutive days to induce experimental dry-eye. Cs dissolved in SFA (perfluorobutylpentane = F4H5with 0.5% Ethanol), F4H5 with 0.5% ethanol only, 0.05% Cs (Restasis®), and dexamethasone (Monodex®) were applied three times daily beginning either at day 4 or day 11 of desiccating stress for up to 3 weeks after end of dry-eye induction. In comparison to other groups, Cs/F4H5 demonstrated high efficacy and earlier reduction of corneal staining. In this study, Cs/F4H5 had the ability to maintain conjunctival goblet cell density once applied on day 4. Flow cytometry analysis from cervical lymphnodes demonstrated a significantly lower CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the Cs/F4H5 group following 3 weeks of therapy than at baseline, but no difference in regulatory T cells from regional lymphnodes were seen. Overall, compared to a commercially available Cs formulation (Restasis®) and dexamethasone, Cs/F4H5 was shown to be equally effective but with a significantly faster therapeutic response in reducing signs of dry-eye disease in an experimental mouse model.

[Oral flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum) in the treatment for dry-eye Sjögren's syndrome patients].

PubMed

Pinheiro, Manuel Neuzimar; dos Santos, Procópio Miguel; dos Santos, Regina Cândido Ribeiro; Barros, Jeison de Nadai; Passos, Luiz Fernando; Cardoso Neto, José

2007-01-01

To evaluate if oral flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum), which reduces the inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, may help keratoconjunctivitis sicca's treatment in Sjögren's syndrome patients. In a randomized clinical trial, 38 female patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erithematosus associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca and Sjögren's syndrome were consecutively selected from patients of the Department of Rheumatology of the Amazonas University Hospital. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca diagnosis was based on a dry-eye symptom survey score (Ocular Surface Disease Index - OSDI), Schirmer-I test, fluorescein break-up time, 1% Rose Bengal staining of ocular surface measured by the van Bijsterveld scale. All patients had ocular surface inflammation evaluated and quantified by conjunctival impression cytology, before and after the study. The subjects were divided into three groups with 13 (Group I), 12 (Group II) and 13 (Group III) patients. Group I received flaxseed oil capsules with a final 1 g/day dosis, Group II flaxseed oil capsules with a final 2 g/day dosis and Group III - controls - placebo, for 180 days. Comparing the results at the beginning and at the end of the treatment, statistically significant changes (p<0.05) in symptoms (OSDI), ocular surface inflammation quantified by conjunctival impression cytology, Schirmer-I test and fluorescein break-up time occurred in Groups I e II when compared to controls. Therapy with oral flaxseed oil capsules 1 or 2 g/day reduces ocular surface inflammation and ameliorates the symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjögren's syndrome patients. Long-term studies are needed to confirm the role of this therapy for keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjögren's syndrome.

Nicotine and elevated body temperature reduce the complexity of the genioglossus and diaphragm EMG signals in rats during early maturation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akkurt, David; Akay, Yasemin M.; Akay, Metin

2009-10-01

In this paper, we examined the effect of nicotine exposure and increased body temperature on the complexity (dynamics) of the genioglossus muscle (EMGg) and the diaphragm muscle (EMGdia) to explore the effects of nicotine and hyperthermia. Nonlinear dynamical analysis of the EMGdia and EMGg signals was performed using the approximate entropy method on 15 (7 saline- and 8 nicotine-treated) juvenile rats (P25-P35) and 19 (11 saline- and 8 nicotine-treated) young adult rats (P36-P44). The mean complexity values were calculated over the ten consecutive breaths using the approximate entropy method during mild elevated body temperature (38 °C) and severe elevated body temperature (39-40 °C) in two groups. In the first (nicotine) group, rats were treated with single injections of nicotine enough to produce brain levels of nicotine similar to those achieved in human smokers (2.5 (mg kg-1)/day) until the recording day. In the second (control) group, rats were treated with injections of saline, beginning at postnatal 5 days until the recording day. Our results show that warming the rat by 2-3 °C and nicotine exposure significantly decreased the complexity of the EMGdia and EMGg for the juvenile age group. This reduction in the complexity of the EMGdia and EMGg for the nicotine group was much greater than the normal during elevated body temperatures. We speculate that the generalized depressive effects of nicotine exposure and elevated body temperature on the respiratory neural firing rate and the behavior of the central respiratory network could be responsible for the drastic decrease in the complexity of the EMGdia and EMGg signals, the outputs of the respiratory neural network during early maturation.

40 CFR 469.26 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days.... 3 The arsenic (T) limitation only applies to manufacturers of gallium or indium arsenide crystals...

Temperature and geographic attribution of change in the Taraxacum mongolicum growing season from 1990 to 2009 in eastern China's temperate zone.

PubMed

Chen, Xiaoqiu; Tian, Youhua; Xu, Lin

2015-10-01

Using leaf unfolding and leaf coloration data of a widely distributed herbaceous species, Taraxacum mongolicum, we detected linear trend and temperature response of the growing season at 52 stations from 1990 to 2009. Across the research region, the mean growing season beginning date marginal significantly advanced at a rate of -2.1 days per decade, while the mean growing season end date was significantly delayed at a rate of 3.1 days per decade. The mean growing season length was significantly prolonged at a rate of 5.1 days per decade. Over the 52 stations, linear trends of the beginning date correlate negatively with linear trends of spring temperature, whereas linear trends of the end date and length correlate positively with linear trends of autumn temperature and annual mean temperature. Moreover, the growing season linear trends are also closely related to the growing season responses to temperature and geographic coordinates plus elevation. Regarding growing season responses to temperature, a 1 °C increase in regional mean spring temperature results in an advancement of 2.1 days in regional mean growing season beginning date, and a 1 °C increase in regional mean autumn temperature causes a delay of 2.3 days in regional mean growing season end date. A 1 °C increase in regional annual mean temperature induces an extension of 8.7 days in regional mean growing season length. Over the 52 stations, response of the beginning date to spring temperature depends mainly on local annual mean temperature and geographic coordinates plus elevation. Namely, a 1 °C increase in spring temperature induces a larger advancement of the beginning date at warmer locations with lower latitudes and further west longitudes than at colder locations with higher latitudes and further east longitudes, while a 1 °C increase in spring temperature causes a larger advancement of the beginning date at higher than at lower elevations.

Temperature and geographic attribution of change in the Taraxacum mongolicum growing season from 1990 to 2009 in eastern China's temperate zone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Xiaoqiu; Tian, Youhua; Xu, Lin

2015-10-01

Using leaf unfolding and leaf coloration data of a widely distributed herbaceous species, Taraxacum mongolicum, we detected linear trend and temperature response of the growing season at 52 stations from 1990 to 2009. Across the research region, the mean growing season beginning date marginal significantly advanced at a rate of -2.1 days per decade, while the mean growing season end date was significantly delayed at a rate of 3.1 days per decade. The mean growing season length was significantly prolonged at a rate of 5.1 days per decade. Over the 52 stations, linear trends of the beginning date correlate negatively with linear trends of spring temperature, whereas linear trends of the end date and length correlate positively with linear trends of autumn temperature and annual mean temperature. Moreover, the growing season linear trends are also closely related to the growing season responses to temperature and geographic coordinates plus elevation. Regarding growing season responses to temperature, a 1 °C increase in regional mean spring temperature results in an advancement of 2.1 days in regional mean growing season beginning date, and a 1 °C increase in regional mean autumn temperature causes a delay of 2.3 days in regional mean growing season end date. A 1 °C increase in regional annual mean temperature induces an extension of 8.7 days in regional mean growing season length. Over the 52 stations, response of the beginning date to spring temperature depends mainly on local annual mean temperature and geographic coordinates plus elevation. Namely, a 1 °C increase in spring temperature induces a larger advancement of the beginning date at warmer locations with lower latitudes and further west longitudes than at colder locations with higher latitudes and further east longitudes, while a 1 °C increase in spring temperature causes a larger advancement of the beginning date at higher than at lower elevations.

Effects of water-management alternatives on streamflow in the Ipswich River basin, Massachusetts

USGS Publications Warehouse

Zarriello, Philip J.

2001-01-01

Management alternatives that could help mitigate the effects of water withdrawals on streamflow in the Ipswich River Basin were evaluated by simulation with a calibrated Hydrologic Simulation Program--Fortran (HSPF) model. The effects of management alternatives on streamflow were simulated for a 35-year period (196195). Most alternatives examined increased low flows compared to the base simulation of average 1989-93 withdrawals. Only the simulation of no septic-effluent inflow, and the simulation of a 20-percent increase in withdrawals, further lowered flows or caused the river to stop flowing for longer periods of time than the simulation of average 198993 withdrawals. Simulations of reduced seasonal withdrawals by 20 percent, and by 50 percent, resulted in a modest increase in low flow in a critical habitat reach (model reach 8 near the Reading town well field); log-Pearson Type III analysis of simulated daily-mean flow indicated that under these reduced withdrawals, model reach 8 would stop flowing for a period of seven consecutive days about every other year, whereas under average 198993 withdrawals this reach would stop flowing for a seven consecutive day period almost every year. Simulations of no seasonal withdrawals, and simulations that stopped streamflow depletion when flow in model reach 19 was below 22 cubic feet per second, indicated flow would be maintained in model reach 8 at all times. Simulations indicated wastewater-return flows would augment low flow in proportion to the rate of return flow. Simulations of a 1.5 million gallons per day return flow rate indicated model reach 8 would stop flowing for a period of seven consecutive days about once every 5 years; simulated return flow rates of 1.1 million gallons per day indicated that model reach 8 would stop flowing for a period of seven consecutive days about every other year. Simulation of reduced seasonal withdrawals, combined with no septic effluent return flow, indicated only a slight increase in low flow compared to low flows simulated under average 198993 withdrawals. Simulation of reduced seasonal withdrawal, combined with 2.6 million gallons per day wastewater-return flows, provided more flow in model reach 8 than that simulated under no withdrawals.

Rotating night shifts too quickly may cause anxiety and decreased attentional performance, and impact prolactin levels during the subsequent day: a case control study.

PubMed

Chang, Yu-San; Chen, Hsiang-Lan; Wu, Yu-Hsuan; Hsu, Chung-Yao; Liu, Ching-Kuan; Hsu, Chin

2014-08-05

We investigated circadian changes and effects on mood, sleep-related hormones and cognitive performance when nurses worked consecutive night shifts in a rapidly rotating shift system. Daytime cognitive function, sleep propensity and sleep-related hormones (growth hormone, cortisol, prolactin, thyrotropin) were compared after participants worked two and four consecutive night shifts. Twenty-three off-duty nurses, 20 nurses working two consecutive night shifts and 16 nurses working four consecutive night shifts were enrolled. All participants completed the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Stanford Sleepiness Scale, visual attention tasks (VAT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and modified Multiple Sleep Latency Test. Hormone levels were also measured four times throughout the day, at 2-h intervals. During the day, the participants in the night shift groups were less able to maintain wakefulness, had poor performance on VAT, and higher thyrotropin levels than did those in the off-duty group. Participants who worked two night shifts were better able to maintain wakefulness, had higher anxiety scale scores, poorer initial performance and lack of learning effect on VAT, and higher prolactin levels compared with those who worked four night shifts. There were no differences in cortisol levels between the two- and four- shift groups. Rotating night shifts too quickly may cause anxiety and decreased attentional performance, and may impact daytime prolactin levels after night shifts. It is possible that the two-shift group had a higher cortisol level than did the four-shift group, which would be consistent with the group's higher state anxiety scores. The negative findings may be due to the small sample size. Further studies on the effects of consecutive night shifts on mood and cortisol levels during the daytime after sleep restriction would be valuable.

Fluid intake, hydration, work physiology of wildfire fighters working in the heat over consecutive days.

PubMed

Raines, Jenni; Snow, Rodney; Nichols, David; Aisbett, Brad

2015-06-01

(i) To evaluate firefighters' pre- and post-shift hydration status across two shifts of wildfire suppression work in hot weather conditions. (ii) To document firefighters' fluid intake during and between two shifts of wildfire suppression work. (iii) To compare firefighters' heart rate, activity, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and core temperature across the two consecutive shifts of wildfire suppression work. Across two consecutive days, 12 salaried firefighters' hydration status was measured immediately pre- and post-shift. Hydration status was also measured 2h post-shift. RPE was also measured immediately post-shift on each day. Work activity, heart rate, and core temperature were logged continuously during each shift. Ten firefighters also manually recorded their food and fluid intake before, during, and after both fireground shifts. Firefighters were not euhydrated at all measurement points on Day one (292±1 mOsm l(-1)) and euhydrated across these same time points on Day two (289±0.5 mOsm l(-1)). Fluid consumption following firefighters' shift on Day one (1792±1134ml) trended (P = 0.08) higher than Day two (1108±1142ml). Daily total fluid intake was not different (P = 0.27), averaging 6443±1941ml across both days. Core temperature and the time spent ≥ 70%HRmax were both elevated on Day one (when firefighters were not euhydrated). Firefighters' work activity profile was not different between both days of work. There was no difference in firefighters' pre- to post-shift hydration within each shift, suggesting ad libitum drinking was at least sufficient to maintain pre-shift hydration status, even in hot conditions. Firefighters' relative hypohydration on Day one (despite a slightly lower ambient temperature) may have been associated with elevations in core temperature, more time in the higher heart rate zones, and 'post-shift' RPE. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society.

Prospective randomized comparison of morning versus night daily single subcutaneous administration of granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor in patients with soft tissue or bone sarcoma.

PubMed

Dinçol, D; Samur, M; Pamir, A; Sencan, O; Akbulut, H; Yalçin, B; Onur, H; Demirkazik, A; Senler, F C; Içli, F

2000-05-01

Hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) have been used to reduce the neutropenic complications of cytotoxic chemotherapy so that higher doses may be given. The authors have previously shown that endogenous serum granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) levels at night (p.m.) were significantly higher than those in the morning (a.m.). Twenty-four patients with soft tissue or bone sarcoma who were treated with high dose ifosfamide-based chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomized to either a.m. or p.m. treatment. GM-CSF was administered at a dose of 5 microg/kg/day at 10 a.m. or 10 p.m., beginning 36-48 hours after the last chemotherapy dose. GM-CSF therapy was continued until the neutrophil count exceeded 1,000/mm3 for 2 consecutive days. Leukocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, and platelet counts were measured immediately before GM-CSF administration and exactly 12 hours after the first dose of GM-CSF, and every 24 hours until 3 days after the cessation of GM-CSF. The mean duration of Grade 3-4 neutropenia was 5.3 +/- 0.4 days for the a.m. treatment arm and 6.5 +/- 0.3 days for the p.m. treatment arm (P = 0.017). Although the duration of neutropenia in the a.m. arm was significantly shorter than in the p.m. arm, there were no differences related to the number of febrile neutropenic episodes or the duration of antibiotic administration. Also, there were no differences in the side effects observed in the a.m. and p.m. arms. The finding of 1.2 days' difference in the duration of Grade 3-4 neutropenia warrants further study of chronotherapy with HGFs.

Effect of tonic pain on motor acquisition and retention while learning to reach in a force field.

PubMed

Lamothe, Mélanie; Roy, Jean-Sébastien; Bouffard, Jason; Gagné, Martin; Bouyer, Laurent J; Mercier, Catherine

2014-01-01

Most patients receiving intensive rehabilitation to improve their upper limb function experience pain. Despite this, the impact of pain on the ability to learn a specific motor task is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of experimental tonic pain interferes with the acquisition and retention stages of motor learning associated with training in a reaching task. Twenty-nine healthy subjects were randomized to either a Control or Pain Group (receiving topical capsaicin cream on the upper arm during training on Day 1). On two consecutive days, subjects made ballistic movements towards two targets (NEAR/FAR) using a robotized exoskeleton. On Day 1, the task was performed without (baseline) and with a force field (adaptation). The adaptation task was repeated on Day 2. Task performance was assessed using index distance from the target at the end of the reaching movement. Motor planning was assessed using initial angle of deviation of index trajectory from a straight line to the target. Results show that tonic pain did not affect baseline reaching. Both groups improved task performance across time (p<0.001), but the Pain group showed a larger final error (under-compensation) than the Control group for the FAR target (p = 0.030) during both acquisition and retention. Moreover, a Group x Time interaction (p = 0.028) was observed on initial angle of deviation, suggesting that subjects with Pain made larger adjustments in the feedforward component of the movement over time. Interestingly, behaviour of the Pain group was very stable from the end of Day 1 (with pain) to the beginning of Day 2 (pain-free), indicating that the differences observed could not solely be explained by the impact of pain on immediate performance. This suggests that if people learn to move differently in the presence of pain, they might maintain this altered strategy over time.

40 CFR 133.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... arithmetic mean of pollutant parameter values for samples collected in a period of 7 consecutive days. (b) 30-day average. The arithmetic mean of pollutant parameter values of samples collected in a period of 30... percentile value for the 30-day average effluent quality achieved by a treatment works in a period of at...

77 FR 31684 - Hours of Service of Drivers: RockTenn, Exemption Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-29

... 14th hour of coming on duty. This exemption will allow these individuals to occasionally work up to 16 consecutive hours and be allowed to return to work with less than the mandatory 10 consecutive hours off duty... public road--Compress Street--an average of forty times per day to travel between its manufacturing...

Developmental toxicity of diphenyl ether herbicides in nestling American kestrels.

PubMed

Hoffman, D J; Spann, J W; LeCaptain, L J; Bunck, C M; Rattner, B A

1991-11-01

Beginning the day after hatching, American kestrel (Falco sparverius) nestlings were orally dosed for 10 consecutive days with 5 microliters/g of corn oil (controls) or one of the diphenyl ether herbicides (nitrofen, bifenox, or oxyfluorfen) at concentrations of 10, 50, 250, or 500 mg/kg in corn oil. At 500 mg/kg, nitrofen resulted in complete nestling mortality, bifenox in high (66%) mortality, and oxyfluorfen in no mortality. Nitrofen at 250 mg/kg reduced nestling growth as reflected by decreased body weight, crown-rump length, and bone lengths including humerus, radius-ulna, femur, and tibiotarsus. Bifenox at 250 mg/kg had less effect on growth than nitrofen, but crown-rump, humerus, radius-ulna, and femur were significantly shorter than controls. Liver weight as a percent of body weight increased with 50 and 250 mg/kg nitrofen. Other manifestations of impending hepatotoxicity following nitrofen ingestion included increased hepatic GSH peroxidase activity in all nitrofen-treated groups, and increased plasma enzyme activities for ALT, AST, and LDH-L in the 250-mg/kg group. Bifenox ingestion resulted in increased hepatic GSH peroxidase activity in the 50- and 250-mg/kg groups. Nitrofen exposure also resulted in an increase in total plasma thyroxine (T4) concentration. These findings suggest that altricial nestlings are more sensitive to diphenyl ether herbicides than young or adult birds of precocial species.

Antioxidants may Attenuate Plasma Erythropoietin Decline after Hyperbaric Oxygen Diving.

PubMed

Mutzbauer, T S; Schneider, M; Neubauer, B; Weiss, M; Tetzlaff, K

2015-11-01

According to previous studies, plasma erythropoietin (EPO) may decrease after hyperbaric oxygen exposure due to oxidative stress. It is hypothesized that the decrease of EPO can be attenuated by oxygen free radical scavengers.The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether EPO plasma levels can be influenced by oral application of vitamin C and E before repeated hyperbaric oxygen exposure during diving. 16 healthy male police task force divers performed 3 morning dives on oxygen within a regular diving schedule on 3 consecutive days. They were randomized into either the placebo group or the vitamin group, receiving 1 g ascorbic acid and 600 IU D-α-tocopherol orally 60 min before the dive. Blood samples for EPO measurement were taken on days 1, 2, and 3 at T1, T3 and T5 60 min before and at T2, T4 and T6 60 min after each dive, respectively. A moderate decrease of EPO was observed beginning at T3 until T6 in the placebo group. The EPO concentrations in the vitamin group did not show relevant variations compared to baseline. Radical scavenging vitamins C and D may counteract hyperbaric oxygen related mechanisms reducing EPO production in hyperbaric oxygen exposure during diving. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Otitis media induced by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PGPS) in TLR2-deficient (Tlr2(-/-)) mice for developing drug therapy.

PubMed

Zhang, Xiaolin; Zheng, Tihua; Sang, Lu; Apisa, Luke; Zhao, Hongchun; Fu, Fenghua; Wang, Qingzhu; Wang, Yanfei; Zheng, Qingyin

2015-10-01

Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling can regulate the pathogenesis of otitis media (OM). However, the precise role of TLR2 signaling in OM has not been clarified due to the lack of an optimal animal model. Peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PGPS) of the bacterial cell wall can induce inflammation by activating the TLR2 signaling. This study aimed at examining the pathogenic characteristics of OM induced by PGPS in Tlr2(-/-) mice, and the potential therapeutic effect of sodium aescinate (SA) in this model. Wild-type (WT) and Tlr2(-/-) mice were inoculated with streptococcal PGPS into their middle ears (MEs) and treated intravenously with vehicle or SA daily beginning at 3days prior to PGPS for 6 consecutive days. The pathologic changes of individual mice were evaluated longitudinally. In comparison with WT mice, Tlr2(-/-) mice were susceptible to PGPS-induced OM. Tlr2(-/-) mice displayed greater hearing loss, tympanic membrane damage, ME mucosal thickening, longer inflammation state, cilia and goblet cell loss. SA-treatment decreased neutrophil infiltration, modulated TLR2-related gene expression and improved ciliary organization. PGPS induced a relatively stable OM in Tlr2(-/-) mice, providing a new model for OM research. Treatment with SA mitigated the pathogenic damage in the ME and may be valuable for intervention of OM. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Patient-Reported Barriers to the Prekidney Transplant Evaluation in an At-Risk Population in the United States.

PubMed

Lockwood, Mark B; Saunders, Milda R; Nass, Rachel; McGivern, Claire L; Cunningham, Patrick N; Chon, W James; Josephson, Michelle A; Becker, Yolanda T; Lee, Christopher S

2017-06-01

Despite our knowledge of barriers to the early stages of the transplant process, we have limited insight into patient-reported barriers to the prekidney transplant medical evaluation in populations largely at-risk for evaluation failure. One-hundred consecutive adults were enrolled at an urban, Midwestern transplant center. Demographic, clinical, and quality of life data were collected prior to patients visit with a transplant surgeon/nephrologist (evaluation begins). Patient-reported barriers to evaluation completion were collected using the Subjective Barriers Questionnaire 90-days after the initial medical evaluation appointment (evaluation ends), our center targeted goal for transplant work-up completion. At 90 days, 40% of participants had not completed the transplant evaluation. Five barrier categories were created from the 85 responses to the Subjective Barriers Questionnaire. Patient-reported barriers included poor communication, physical health, socioeconomics, psychosocial influences, and access to care. In addition, determinants for successful evaluation completion included being of white race, higher income, free of dialysis, a lower comorbid burden, and reporting higher scores on the Kidney Disease Quality of Life subscale role-emotional. Poor communication between patients and providers, and among providers, was the most prominent patient-reported barrier identified. Barriers were more prominent in marginalized groups such as ethnic minorities and people with low income. Understanding the prevalence of patient-reported barriers may aid in the development of patient-centered interventions to improve completion rates.

Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis Agent Infection in a Pony Vaccinated with a Borrelia burgdorferi Recombinant OspA Vaccine and Challenged by Exposure to Naturally Infected Ticks

PubMed Central

Chang, Yung-Fu; McDonough, Sean P.; Chang, Chao-Fu; Shin, Kwang-Soon; Yen, William; Divers, Thomas

2000-01-01

A pony was vaccinated with recombinant OspA vaccine (rOspA) and then exposed 3 months later to Borrelia burgdorferi-infected ticks (Ixodes scapularis) collected in Westchester County, N.Y. At 2 weeks after tick exposure, the pony developed a high fever (105°F). Buffy coat smears showed that 20% of neutrophils contained ehrlichial inclusion bodies (morulae). Flunixin Meglumine (1 g daily) was given for 2 days, and the body temperature returned to normal. PCR for ehrlichial DNA was performed on blood samples for 10 consecutive days beginning when the pony was first febrile. This pony was monitored for another 3.5 months but developed no further clinical signs. The 44-kDa immunodominant human granulocytic ehrlichiosis antigen gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into a pCR2.1 vector. DNA sequence analysis of this gene showed it was only 8 bp different (99% identity) from the results reported by others (J.W. Ijdo et al., Infect. Immun. 66:3264–3269, 1998). Western blot analysis, growth inhibition assays, and repeated attempts to isolate B. burgdorferi all demonstrated the pony was protected against B. burgdorferi infection. These results highlight the potential for ticks to harbor and transmit several pathogens simultaneously, which further complicates the diagnosis and vaccination of these emerging tick-borne diseases. PMID:10618280

Effects of instructional focus on learning a classical ballet movement, the pirouette.

PubMed

Denardi, Renata Alvares; Corrêa, Umberto Cesar

2013-01-01

This study investigated how changes in the focus of instruction might affect the learning by individuals who are not trained dancers of a complex classical ballet movement, the pirouette. Seventy-two volunteer college students were divided into six groups according to the focus of instruction: (1.) head, (2.) arms, (3.) trunk, (4.) knees, (5.) feet, and (6.) controls. In the acquisition phase, all groups performed 160 trials, over 2 consecutive days. At the beginning of each day, they received verbal instruction regarding some of the general principles involved in performance of the pirouette and viewed a video that illustrated those principles. Each group (head, arms, etc., exclusive of controls) was then given specific directions for controlling focus on its body part while performing the movement. After a week, all participants were asked to complete a retention test, with no additional instruction. The trials were videotaped with two cameras (frontally and laterally), and the results were analyzed by 10 specially trained examiners, utilizing Movement Pattern and Error of Performance measures. They revealed that all groups improved in the acquisition phase, and the improvement was maintained in the retention test. No differences were revealed between groups. It was concluded that generalized instruction in basic principles of the movement was more effective than focus on specific body parts in the teaching and learning of the pirouette.

40 CFR 469.28 - Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... property Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days Milligrams per liter (mg/l...) limitation only applies to manufacturers of gallium or indium arsenide crystals. (b) A new source submitting...

40 CFR 417.161 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... determined by incubation at 20 degrees C for a period of 7 days using an acclimated seed. Agitation employing... consecutive day period that are of such degree and type as to require thorough purging and washing of the fill...

40 CFR 417.161 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... determined by incubation at 20 degrees C for a period of 7 days using an acclimated seed. Agitation employing... consecutive day period that are of such degree and type as to require thorough purging and washing of the fill...

40 CFR 417.161 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... determined by incubation at 20 degrees C for a period of 7 days using an acclimated seed. Agitation employing... consecutive day period that are of such degree and type as to require thorough purging and washing of the fill...

40 CFR 417.161 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... determined by incubation at 20 degrees C for a period of 7 days using an acclimated seed. Agitation employing... consecutive day period that are of such degree and type as to require thorough purging and washing of the fill...

40 CFR 417.161 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... determined by incubation at 20 degrees C for a period of 7 days using an acclimated seed. Agitation employing... consecutive day period that are of such degree and type as to require thorough purging and washing of the fill...

Volume of hydration in terminal cancer patients.

PubMed

Bruera, E; Belzile, M; Watanabe, S; Fainsinger, R L

1996-03-01

In this retrospective study we reviewed the volume and modality of hydration of consecutive series of terminal cancer patients in two different settings. In a palliative care unit 203/290 admitted patients received subcutaneous hydration for 12 +/- 8 days at a daily volume of 1015 +/- 135 ml/day. At the cancer center, 30 consecutive similar patients received intravenous hydration for 11.5 +/- 5 days (P > 0.2) but at a daily volume of 2080 +/- 720 ml/day (P < 0.001). None of the palliative care unit patients required discontinuation of hydration because of complications. Hypodermoclysis was administered mainly as a continuous infusion, an overnight infusion, or in one to three 1-h boluses in 62 (31%), 98 (48%) and 43 (21%) patients, respectively. Our findings suggest that, in some settings, patients may be receiving excessive volumes of hydration by less comfortable routes such as the intravenous route. Increased education and research in this area are badly needed.

How Many Days Are Enough? A Study of 365 Days of Pedometer Monitoring

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kang, Minsoo; Bassett, David R.; Barreira, Tiago V.; Tudor-Locke, Catrine; Ainsworth, Barbara; Reis, Jared P.; Strath, Scott; Swartz, Ann

2009-01-01

This study was designed to determine the number of days of pedometer monitoring necessary to achieve reliable and valid estimates of a 1-year average of step counts in adults based on either consecutive days (CD) or random days (RD) of data collection. Twenty-three participants (16 women; M age = 38 years, SD = 9.9) wore a Yamax SW 200 pedometer…

26 CFR 36.3121(l)(2)-1 - Effective period of agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... such agreement first became effective. However, if the amendment is signed by the district director or... beginning with the first day of the calendar quarter following the calendar quarter in which the amendment... provided in § 36.3121(l) (1)-1 shall be in effect for the period beginning with the first day of the...

26 CFR 36.3121(l)(2)-1 - Effective period of agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... such agreement first became effective. However, if the amendment is signed by the district director or... beginning with the first day of the calendar quarter following the calendar quarter in which the amendment... provided in § 36.3121(l) (1)-1 shall be in effect for the period beginning with the first day of the...

26 CFR 36.3121(l)(2)-1 - Effective period of agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... such agreement first became effective. However, if the amendment is signed by the district director or... beginning with the first day of the calendar quarter following the calendar quarter in which the amendment... provided in § 36.3121(l) (1)-1 shall be in effect for the period beginning with the first day of the...

75 FR 2488 - Pacific Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-15

... to the public. DATES: The Joint Canada-U.S. Review Panel will be held beginning at 9 a.m., Monday, February 8, 2010 and will continue through Wednesday, February 10, 2010. The meetings will begin at 9 a.m. and end at 5:30 p.m. each day or until business for each day is completed. [[Page 2489

20 CFR 218.28 - Sick pay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Sick pay. 218.28 Section 218.28 Employees... Beginning Date § 218.28 Sick pay. (a) From railroad employer. If the employee is carried on the payroll while sick, the annuity can begin no earlier than the day after the last day of sick pay. However, sick...

Genotoxicity Evaluation of Irrigative Wastewater from Shijiazhuang City in China

PubMed Central

Yang, Lixue; Zhang, Xiaolin; Wang, Liqin; Yu, Fengxue; Liu, Yi; Chen, Qing; Liu, Dianwu

2015-01-01

In the present study, the wastewater sample collected from the Dongming discharging river in Shijiazhuang city was analysed using both chemical analysis and biological assays including the Salmonella mutagenicity test, micronucleus test and single-cell gel electrophoresis. Chemical analysis of the sample was performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The Salmonella mutagenicity test was performed on Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102 strains with and without S9 mixture. The mice received the wastewater in natura through drinking water at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100%. One group of mice was exposed for 2 consecutive days, and the other group of mice was exposed for 15 consecutive days. To establish the levels of primary DNA damage, single-cell gel electrophoresis was performed on treated mouse liver cell. The concentrations of chromium and lead in the sample exceeded the national standard (GB20922-2007) by 0.78 and 0.43-fold, respectively. More than 30 organic compounds were detected, and some of the detected compounds were mutagens, carcinogens and environmental endocrine disrupters. A positive response for Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain was observed. Mouse exposure via drinking water containing 50% and 100% of wastewater for 15 consecutive days caused a significant increase of MN frequencies in a dose-response manner. Mouse exposure via drinking water containing 50% and 100% of wastewater for 15 consecutive days caused a significant increase of the Olive tail moments in a dose-response manner. All the results indicated that the sample from the Dongming discharging river in Shijiazhuang city exhibited genotoxicity and might pose harmful effects on the local residents. PMID:26658348

Open versus robotic-assisted transabdominal preperitoneal (R-TAPP) inguinal hernia repair: a multicenter matched analysis of clinical outcomes.

PubMed

Gamagami, R; Dickens, E; Gonzalez, A; D'Amico, L; Richardson, C; Rabaza, J; Kolachalam, R

2018-04-26

To compare the perioperative outcomes of initial, consecutive robotic-assisted transabdominal preperitoneal (R-TAPP) inguinal hernia repair (IHR) cases with consecutive open cases completed by the same surgeons. Multicenter, retrospective, comparative study of perioperative results from open and robotic IHR using standard univariate and multivariate regression analyses for propensity score matched (1:1) cohorts. Seven general surgeons at six institutions contributed 602 consecutive open IHR and 652 consecutive R-TAPP IHR cases. Baseline patient characteristics in the unmatched groups were similar with the exception of previous abdominal surgery and all baseline characteristics were comparable in the matched cohorts. In matched analyses, postoperative complications prior to discharge were comparable. However, from post discharge through 30 days, fewer patients experienced complications in the R-TAPP group than in the open group [4.3% vs 7.7% (p = 0.047)]. The R-TAPP group had no reoperations post discharge through 30 days of follow-up compared with five patients (1.1%) in the open group (p = 0.062), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis which demonstrated patient age > 65 years and the open approach were risk factors for complications within 30 days post discharge in the matched group [age > 65 years: odds ratio (OR) = 3.33 (95% CI 1.89, 5.87; p < 0.0001); open approach: OR = 1.89 (95% CI 1.05, 3.38; p = 0.031)]. In this matched analysis, R-TAPP provides similar postoperative complications prior to discharge and a lower rate of postoperative complications through 30 days compared to open repair. R-TAPP is a promising and reproducible approach, and may facilitate adoption of minimally invasive repairs of inguinal hernias.

Food-service establishment wastewater characterization.

PubMed

Lesikar, B J; Garza, O A; Persyn, R A; Kenimer, A L; Anderson, M T

2006-08-01

Food-service establishments that use on-site wastewater treatment systems are experiencing pretreatment system and/or drain field hydraulic and/or organic overloading. This study included characterization of four wastewater parameters (five-day biochemical oxygen demand [BOD5]; total suspended solids [TSS]; food, oil, and grease [FOG]; and flow) from 28 restaurants located in Texas during June, July, and August 2002. The field sampling methodology included taking a grab sample from each restaurant for 6 consecutive days at approximately the same time each day, followed by a 2-week break, and then sampling again for another 6 consecutive days, for a total of 12 samples per restaurant and 336 total observations. The analysis indicates higher organic (BOD5) and hydraulic values for restaurants than those typically found in the literature. The design values for this study for BOD5, TSS, FOG, and flow were 1523, 664, and 197 mg/L, and 96 L/day-seat respectively, which captured over 80% of the data collected.

Early life exposure to 2.45GHz WiFi-like signals: effects on development and maturation of the immune system.

PubMed

Sambucci, Manolo; Laudisi, Federica; Nasta, Francesca; Pinto, Rosanna; Lodato, Rossella; Lopresto, Vanni; Altavista, Pierluigi; Marino, Carmela; Pioli, Claudio

2011-12-01

The development of the immune system begins during embryogenesis, continues throughout fetal life, and completes its maturation during infancy. Exposure to immune-toxic compounds at levels producing limited/transient effects in adults, results in long-lasting or permanent immune deficits when it occurs during perinatal life. Potentially harmful radiofrequency (RF) exposure has been investigated mainly in adult animals or with cells from adult subjects, with most of the studies showing no effects. Is the developing immune system more susceptible to the effects of RF exposure? To address this question, newborn mice were exposed to WiFi signals at constant specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0.08 or 4 W/kg, 2h/day, 5 days/week, for 5 consecutive weeks, starting the day after birth. The experiments were performed with a blind procedure using sham-exposed groups as controls. No differences in body weight and development among the groups were found in mice of both sexes. For the immunological analyses, results on female and male newborn mice exposed during early post-natal life did not show any effects on all the investigated parameters with one exception: a reduced IFN-γ production in spleen cells from microwaves (MW)-exposed (SAR 4 W/kg) male (not in female) mice compared with sham-exposed mice. Altogether our findings do not support the hypothesis that early post-natal life exposure to WiFi signals induces detrimental effects on the developing immune system. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cefixime allows greater dose escalation of oral irinotecan: a phase I study in pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors.

PubMed

Furman, Wayne L; Crews, Kristine R; Billups, Catherine; Wu, Jianrong; Gajjar, Amar J; Daw, Najat C; Patrick, Christian C; Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos; Stewart, Clinton F; Dome, Jeffrey S; Panetta, John C; Houghton, Peter J; Santana, Victor M

2006-02-01

Irinotecan is active against a variety of malignancies; however, severe diarrhea limits its usefulness. In our phase I study, the intravenous formulation of irinotecan was administered orally daily for 5 days for 2 consecutive weeks (repeated every 21 days) to children with refractory solid tumors. Our objectives were to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of oral irinotecan and to evaluate whether coadministration of cefixime (8 mg/kg/d beginning 5 days before irinotecan and continuing throughout the course) ameliorates irinotecan-induced diarrhea. In separate cohorts, irinotecan doses were escalated from 15 to 45 mg/m2/d without cefixime and then from 45 to 60 and 75 mg/m2/d with cefixime. Without cefixime, diarrhea was dose limiting at irinotecan 45 mg/m2/d. Myelotoxicity was not significant at any dose. The MTD was 40 mg/m2/d without cefixime but 60 mg/m2/d with cefixime. Systemic exposure to SN-38 at the MTD was significantly higher with cefixime than without cefixime (mean SN-38 area under the curve: 19.5 ng x h/mL; standard deviation [SD], 6.8 ng x h/mL v 10.4 ng x h/mL; SD, 4.3 ng x h/mL, respectively; P = .030). Cefixime administered with oral irinotecan is well tolerated in children and allows greater dose escalation of irinotecan. Because diarrhea is a major adverse effect of both intravenous and oral irinotecan, further evaluation of the use of cefixime to ameliorate this adverse effect is warranted.

Enhanced performance of aged rats in contingency degradation and instrumental extinction tasks.

PubMed

Samson, Rachel D; Venkatesh, Anu; Patel, Dhara H; Lipa, Peter; Barnes, Carol A

2014-04-01

Normal aging in rats affects behavioral performance on a variety of associative learning tasks under Pavlovian conditions. There is little information, however, on whether aging also impacts performance of instrumental tasks. Young (9-12 months) and aged (24-27 months) Fisher 344 rats were trained to press distinct levers associated with either maltodextrin or sucrose. The rats in both age groups increased their lever press frequency at a similar rate, suggesting that the initial acquisition of this instrumental task is not affected by aging. Using a contingency degradation procedure, we then addressed whether aged rats could adapt their behavior to changes in action-outcome contingencies. We found that young and aged rats do adapt, but that a different schedule of reinforcement is necessary to optimize performance in each age group. Finally, we also addressed whether aged rats can extinguish a lever press action as well as young rats, using 2 40-min extinction sessions on consecutive days. While extinction profiles were similar in young and aged rats on the first day of training, aged rats were faster to extinguish their lever presses on the second day, in spite of their performance levels being similar at the beginning of the session. Together these data support the finding that acquisition of instrumental lever press behaviors is preserved in aged rats and suggest that they have a different threshold for switching strategies in response to changes in action-outcome associations. This pattern of result implies that age-related changes in the brain are heterogeneous and widespread across structures.

The ability of filgrastim to mitigate mortality following LD50/60 total-body irradiation is administration time-dependent

PubMed Central

Farese, AM; Brown, CR; Smith, CP; Gibbs, AM; Katz, B P; Johnson, CS; Prado, K; MacVittie, TJ

2013-01-01

The identification of the optimal administration schedule for an effective medical countermeasure is critical for the effective treatment of individuals exposed to potentially lethal doses of radiation. The efficacy of filgrastim (Neupogen®), a potential medical countermeasure, to improve survival when initiated at 48 hours following total body irradiation in a nonhuman primate model of the hematopoietic syndrome of the acute radiation syndrome was investigated. Animals were exposed to total body irradiation, antero-posterior exposure, total midline tissue dose of 7.5 Gray, (target lethal dose 50/60) delivered at 0.80 Gray minute-1, using linear accelerator-derived 6 Megavolt photons. All animals were administered medical management. Following irradiation on day 0, filgrastim (10 μg kg day-1) or the control (5% dextrose in water) was administered subcutaneously, daily through effect (absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1,000 cells μL-1 for 3 consecutive days). The study (n = 80) was powered to demonstrate a 25% improvement in survival following the administration of filgrastim or control beginning at 48 ± 4 hours post-irradiation. Survival analysis was conducted on the intention-to-treat population using a two-tailed null hypothesis at a 5% significance level. Filgrastim, initiated 48 hours after irradiation, did not improve survival (2.5% increase, P = 0.8230). These data demonstrate that efficacy of a countermeasure to mitigate lethality in the hematopoietic syndrome of the acute radiation syndrome can be dependent on the interval between irradiation and administration of the medical countermeasure. PMID:24276548

Effects of calcium disodium EDTA and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid on tissue concentrations of lead for use in treatment of calves with experimentally induced lead toxicosis.

PubMed

Meldrum, James B; Ko, Kam W

2003-06-01

To compare the efficacy of calcium disodium EDTA (CaNa2EDTA) and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in reducing concentrations of lead in selected tissues for use in treatment of calves with experimentally induced lead toxicosis. 19 sexually intact male Holstein calves that weighed 35 to 60 kg. Calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatment groups: group 1, control calves; group 2, lead only; group 3, lead and EDTA; group 4, lead and DMSA; and group 5, lead, EDTA, and DMSA. Calves in groups 2 to 5 were dosed daily with lead (5 mg/kg, PO) for 10 days. Doses of EDTA (100 mg/kg) and DMSA (25 mg/kg) were administered IV once daily for 4 consecutive days beginning on day 11. Effects of the chelators on lead concentrations in the liver, kidneys, testes, muscles, bones, and brain were compared among the various groups. Compared with the effects of EDTA, DMSA greatly reduced lead concentrations in renal and hepatic tissues. We did not detect significant differences for the effects of EDTA or DMSA on lead concentrations in the testes; there was an adverse interaction of EDTA with DMSA that caused an increase in lead concentrations in the testes. DMSA is much more effective than EDTA in removing lead from renal and hepatic tissues in calves. Use of DMSA in calves with lead intoxication appears to be a viable treatment option. Combining DMSA and EDTA as a treatment modality in calves did not offer any advantages.

Enhanced performance of aged rats in contingency degradation and instrumental extinction tasks

PubMed Central

Samson, Rachel D.; Venkatesh, Anu; Patel, Dhara H.; Lipa, Peter; Barnes, Carol A.

2014-01-01

Normal aging in rats affects behavioral performance on a variety of associative learning tasks under Pavlovian conditions. There is little information, however, on whether aging also impacts performance of instrumental tasks. Young (9–12 mo) and aged (24–27 mo) Fisher 344 rats were trained to press distinct levers associated with either maltodextrin or sucrose. The rats in both age groups increased their lever press frequency at a similar rate, suggesting that the initial acquisition of this instrumental task is not affected by aging. Using a contingency degradation procedure, we then addressed whether aged rats could adapt their behavior to changes in action-outcome contingencies. We found that young and aged rats do adapt, but that a different schedule of reinforcement is necessary to optimize performance in each age group. Finally, we also addressed whether aged rats can extinguish a lever press action as well as young rats, using two forty minute extinction sessions on consecutive days. While extinction profiles were similar in young and aged rats on the first day of training, aged rats were faster to extinguish their lever presses on the second day, in spite of their performance levels being similar at the beginning of the session. Together these data support the finding that acquisition of instrumental lever press behaviors is preserved in aged rats, and suggest that they have a different threshold for switching strategies in response to changes in action-outcome associations. This pattern of result implies that age-related changes in the brain are heterogeneous and widespread across structures. PMID:24773433

Ovicidal efficacy of fenbendazole after treatment of horses naturally infected with cyathostomins.

PubMed

Daniels, S P; Proudman, C J

2016-08-30

The ovicidal activity of benzimidazole (BZ) anthelmintics is unique and not seen in other drug classes. Such ovicidal efficacy is not widely reported for equine cyathostomins, nor has this activity been tested in the face of BZ resistance. Although the product label states that fenbendazole is for use against BZ-susceptible cyathostomins, susceptibility testing is rarely performed. In this field-based study, the ovicidal efficacy of fenbendazole in horses (n=39) harbouring BZ-resistant cyathostomins was compared when dosed at 7.5mg/kg body weight (BW) orally, as a single dose per os (n=21) or daily for five consecutive days in feed (n=18). Suppression of egg hatch rate was observed in the single and five- day treatment groups; a significant difference between pre- and post-treatment egg hatch rates (P<0.05) was observed for three days after treatment with a single dose of fenbendazole (on premises with BZ-resistant cyathostomins), and for three days after treatment for five consecutive days with fenbendazole (on premises with BZ-resistant cyathostomins). Post treatment numbers of eggs and larvae remained significantly lower (P<0.05) than pre-treatment levels to the end of the trial. We conclude that in the face of BZ-resistant cyathostomins the ovicidal effect of fenbendazole persist for three days after both a single oral dose of 7.5mg/kg per os and after treatment orally for five consecutive daily doses at 7.5mg/kg in feed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Altered metabolism of orally administered loxoprofen in human subjects after an oral administration of loxoprofen for three consecutive days followed by a seven-day washout.

PubMed

Kim, In-Wha; Chung, Suk-Jae; Shim, Chang-Koo

2002-04-01

The effect of pretreatment (i.e., oral administration of loxoprofen for 3 consecutive days followed by a 7-day washout) on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the drug was studied in humans. In a control study, a Loxonin tablet (60 mg as loxoprofen anhydrous) was administered orally to 6 healthy male Korean subjects. In a pretreatment study, a Loxonin tablet was administered orally to the subjects once daily for 3 consecutive days. On the 10(th) day, a Loxonin tablet was administered orally to the subjects, and the concentrations of loxoprofen and the trans- and cis-alcohol metabolites in the plasma and urine were measured as a function of time. Using this pretreatment, the area under the curve (AUC) of the trans-alcohol metabolite of loxoprofen in the plasma, but not those of loxoprofen and the cis-alcohol metabolite, was increased (1.5-fold, p < 0.05), leading to increased contribution of the trans-alcohol metabolite to the total urinary recovery of loxoprofen (1.3-fold, p < 0.05). The urinary recovery of total metabolites, which was largely (> 90%) comprised of conjugate metabolites, was also increased as a result of the pretreatment (1.5-fold, p < 0.05). These results indicate that stereoselective reduction to trans-alcohol metabolites as well as the phase II metabolism of loxoprofen may be increased by such a pretreatment in human subjects. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 91:973-979, 2002

8-isoprostane as Oxidative Stress Marker in Coal Mine Workers.

PubMed

Zimet, Zlatko; Bilban, Marjan; Marc Malovrh, Mateja; Korošec, Peter; Poljšak, Borut; Osredkar, Joško; Šilar, Mira

2016-08-01

This study was to investigate whether working in conditions of elevated concentrations of mine gases (CO2, CO, CH4, DMS) and dust may result in oxidative stress. Coal miners (n=94) from the Velenje Coal mine who were arranged into control group and three groups according to a number of consecutive working days. 8-isoprostane as a biological marker of oxidative stress was measured in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Miners who worked for three consecutive days had higher 8-isoprostane values in EBC compared to the control group. Gas/dust concentrations and exposure time of a single/two day shift seem too low to trigger immediate oxidative stress. Copyright © 2016 The Editorial Board of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. Published by China CDC. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 426.133 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... than 50 gallons per day of process waste water, and employs hydrofluoric acid finishing techniques... any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Lead 0.2 0.1 Fluoride 26.0..., discharges greater than 50 gallons per day of process waste water, and employs hydrofluoric acid finishing...

40 CFR 426.133 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... than 50 gallons per day of process waste water, and employs hydrofluoric acid finishing techniques... any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Lead 0.2 0.1 Fluoride 26.0..., discharges greater than 50 gallons per day of process waste water, and employs hydrofluoric acid finishing...

40 CFR 426.133 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... than 50 gallons per day of process waste water, and employs hydrofluoric acid finishing techniques... any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Lead 0.2 0.1 Fluoride 26.0..., discharges greater than 50 gallons per day of process waste water, and employs hydrofluoric acid finishing...

The effects of repeated applications of the molluscicide metaldehyde and the biocontrol nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita on molluscs, earthworms, nematodes, acarids and collembolans: a two-year study in north-west Spain.

PubMed

Iglesias, Javier; Castillejo, José; Castro, Ramón

2003-11-01

Over two years, six consecutive field experiments were done in which the chemical molluscicide metaldehyde and the nematode biocontrol agent Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Schneider) were applied at the standard field rates to replicated mini-plots successively planted with lettuce, Brussels sprouts, leaf beet and cabbage, to compare the effectiveness of different treatments in reducing slug damage to the crops. Soil samples from each plot were taken prior to the start of the experiments, and then monthly, to assess the populations of slugs, snails, earthworms, nematodes, acarids and collembolans. The experiments were done on the same site and each plot received the same treatment in the six experiments. The six treatments were: (1) untreated controls, (2) metaldehyde pellets, (3 and 4) nematodes applied to the planted area 3 days prior to planting without or with previous application of cow manure slurry, (5) nematodes applied to the area surrounding the planted area 3 days prior to planting, and (6) nematodes applied to the planted area once (only in the first of the six consecutive experiments). Only the metaldehyde treatment and the nematodes applied to the planted area at the beginning of each experiment without previous application of manure significantly reduced slug damage to the plants, and only metaldehyde reduced the number of slugs contaminating the harvested plants. The numbers of slugs, snails and earthworms in soil samples were compared among the six treatments tested: with respect to the untreated controls, the numbers of Deroceras reticulatum (Müller) were significantly affected only in the metaldehyde plots, and the numbers of Arion ater L only in the plots treated with nematodes applied to the planted area 3 days prior to planting without previous application of manure; numbers of snails (Ponentina ponentina (Morelet) and Oxychilus helveticus (Blum)) were not affected by the treatment. The total numbers of all earthworm species and of Lumbricus spp were unaffected by the treatment, but Dendrobaena spp increased significantly in the plots treated with manure. The numbers of nematodes, acarids and collembolans in soil samples were compared between the untreated controls and the treatments with nematodes applied 3 days prior to planting to the planted area or to the surrounding area, without previous application of manure: the treatment had a significant effect on the number of nematodes in soil samples, but acarids and collembolans were unaffected.

Safety and tolerance of ester-C compared with regular ascorbic acid.

PubMed

Gruenwald, Joerg; Graubaum, Hans-Joachim; Busch, Regina; Bentley, Christine

2006-01-01

The goal of this randomized, double-blind crossover clinical trial in 50 healthy volunteers sensitive to acidic foods was to evaluate whether Ester-C calcium ascorbate causes fewer epigastric adverse effects than are produced by regular ascorbic acid (AA). Volunteers were randomly separated into 2 groups of 25. The study comprised an observation period of 9 days (phase 1 medication for 3 consecutive days, washout phase for 3 consecutive days, phase 2 medication for 3 consecutive days). Participants took 1000 mg vitamin C as Ester-C during phase 1 of the study followed by 1000 mg of vitamin C as AA during phase 2, or vice versa. During the course of the study, 3 examinations for the evaluation of epigastric adverse effects were performed (on days 0, 3, and 9). Participants used a diary to record epigastric adverse effects on a daily basis. In total, 28 (56%) of 50 participants reported 88 epigastric adverse effects of mild to moderate intensity. Of these 88 adverse effects, 33 (37.5%) occurred after intake of Ester-C and 55 (62.5%) were noted after intake of AA. The tolerability of Ester-C was rated "very good" by 72% of participants, whereas AA was rated "very good" by only 54%. This difference is statistically significant (P<.05). Investigators concluded that Ester-C compared with AA caused significantly fewer epigastric adverse effects in participants sensitive to acidic foods and that Ester-C is much better tolerated.

Influence of process parameters on the extraction of soluble substances from OFMSW and methane production.

PubMed

Campuzano, Rosalinda; González-Martínez, Simón

2017-04-01

Microorganisms involved in anaerobic digestion require dissolved substrates to transport them through the cell wall to different processing units and finally to be disposed as waste, such as methane and carbon dioxide. In order to increase methane production, this work proposes to separate the soluble substances from OFMSW and analyse methane production from extracts and OFMSW. Using water as solvent, four extraction parameters were proposed: (1) Number of consecutive extractions, (2) Duration of mixing for every consecutive extraction, (3) OFMSW to water mass ratios 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 and, (4) The influence of temperature on the extraction process. Results indicated that is possible to separate 40% of VS from OFMSW with only three consecutive extraction with mixing of 30min in every extraction using ambient temperature water. For every OFMSW to water combination, the first three consecutive extracts were analysed for biochemical methane potential test during 21days at 35°C; OFMSW was also tested as reference. Methane production from all substrates is highest during the first day and then it slowly decreases to increase again during a second stage. This was identified as diauxic behaviour. Specific methane production at day 21 increased with increasing water content of the extracts where OFMSW methane production was the lowest of all with 535NL/kgVS. These results indicate that it is feasible to rapidly produce methane from extracted substances. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 426.135 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... greater than 50 gallons per day of process waste water, and employs hydrofluoric acid finishing techniques... any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Lead 0.2 0.1 Fluoride 26.0... waste water, and employs hydrofluoric acid finishing techniques shall meet the following limitations...

40 CFR 426.135 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... greater than 50 gallons per day of process waste water, and employs hydrofluoric acid finishing techniques... any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Lead 0.2 0.1 Fluoride 26.0... waste water, and employs hydrofluoric acid finishing techniques shall meet the following limitations...

40 CFR 426.135 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... greater than 50 gallons per day of process waste water, and employs hydrofluoric acid finishing techniques... any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Lead 0.2 0.1 Fluoride 26.0... waste water, and employs hydrofluoric acid finishing techniques shall meet the following limitations...

5 CFR 534.406 - Conversion to the SES pay system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... to the SES pay system. (a) On the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after... rate of basic pay that is equal to the employee's rate of basic pay, plus any applicable locality-based... first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after January 1, 2004. If an SES member's...

Everyday Geography: 365 Reflections on Why Geography Matters

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kerski, Joseph

2012-01-01

Last year, beginning on New Year's Day, as president of the National Council for Geographic Education (NCGE), the author wrote one tweet every day beginning with "What is Geography? 1 of 365" and posted them to his Twitter page. His goals in the series were several. He sought to point out as organization president how the NCGE serves the geography…

78 FR 61840 - Pacific Fishery Management Council (Pacific Council); Public Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-04

... begin on Friday, November 1, 2013 at 8 a.m., reconvening each day through Wednesday, November 6, 2013... broadcast daily starting at 8 a.m. Pacific Time (PT) beginning on Friday, November 1, 2013 through Wednesday, November 6, 2013. The broadcast will end daily at 6 p.m. PT or when business for the day is complete. Only...

Tremor - self-care

MedlinePlus

... may help you stop drinking. Managing Your Tremor Day-to-day Tremors can worsen over time. They may begin ... do your daily activities. To help in your day-to-day: Buy clothes with Velcro fasteners instead ...

26 CFR 1.263A-12 - Production period.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... starting with the first measurement period that begins after the first day in which production ceases. The taxpayer must resume the capitalization of interest with respect to a unit beginning with the measurement... suspend the capitalization of interest with respect to a unit beginning with the first measurement period...

Comparison of cefuroxime axetil and phenoxymethyl penicillin for the treatment of children with solitary erythema migrans.

PubMed

Arnez, M; Radsel-Medvescek, A; Pleterski-Rigler, D; Ruzić-Sabljić, E; Strle, F

1999-12-10

To compare the clinical efficacy and drug-related adverse effects of 14 days of treatment with cefuroxime axetil 30 mg/kg/day or phenoxymethyl penicillin 100,000 IU/kg/day in the treatment of children with erythema migrans. Consecutive patients younger than 15 years, referred to our institution in 1996 with solitary erythema migrans and without prior antibiotic therapy, were included in this prospective study. Basic demographic features and clinical data were collected by questionnaire. The efficacy of the treatment of acute disease, development of major and/or minor manifestations of Lyme borreliosis and drug-related adverse effects were surveyed at follow-up visits during the first year after the initiation of antibiotic treatment. Forty-six patients received cefuroxime axetil (group C) and 44, phenoxymethyl penicillin (group P). The two groups differed in terms of age (patients in group C were younger), but no other differences in demographic and clinical pre-treatment characteristics were present. The clinical course during the post-treatment period revealed no significant differences between the two groups: the duration of erythema migrans (7.1 +/- 7.5 days in group C, 10.6 +/- 19.3 days in group P) and the appearance of minor manifestations of Lyme borreliosis (8.8% in group C, 9.1% in group P) were comparable; no major manifestations were recorded. Twelve months after antibiotic treatment all patients were free of symptoms. The patients treated with cefuroxime axetil had more drug-related adverse effects than did those treated with phenoxymethyl penicillin (26.1% versus 6.8%, p = 0.0301). "Herxheimer's reaction" at the beginning of treatment was identified more often in group C than in group P, but the difference was not statistically significant. Cefuroxime axetil and phenoxymethyl penicillin are equally effective in the treatment of children with solitary erythema migrans; however drug-related adverse effects were more frequently observed with cefuroxime axetil.

Physical activity levels at work and outside of work among Commercial Construction Workers

PubMed Central

Arias, Oscar E.; Caban-Martinez, Alberto J.; Umukoro, Peter E.; Okechukwu, Cassandra A.; Dennerlein, Jack T.

2015-01-01

Objective Characterize the number of minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activity at work and outside of work during seven consecutive days, in a sample of 55 commercial construction workers. Methods Workers wore accelerometers during work and outside work hours for seven consecutive days, and completed brief survey at the seventh day of data collection. Results From the directly measured physical activity, the average number per participant of moderate minutes of occupational physical activity and physical activity outside of work obtained in short bouts were 243 minutes (65%) and 130 minutes (35%), respectively. Directly measured minutes of vigorous occupational physical activity were significant and positively correlated with self-reported fatigue. Conclusions Among commercial construction workers, physical activity from work contributes significantly, approximately 2/3, towards a workers total amount of weekly minutes of moderate physical activity. PMID:25563543

Effect of Reduced Meal Frequency during Ramadan Fasting on Retinal and Choroidal Thickness.

PubMed

Ersan, Ismail; Tufan, Hasan Ali; Arikan, Sedat; Kara, Selcuk; Gencer, Baran; Hondur, Ahmet Murat

2017-01-01

To evaluate the effects of Ramadan fasting on central foveal thickness (CFT) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in healthy individuals using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). The EDI-OCT scans of 42 healthy individuals obtained after about 12 hours of fasting on at least the twenty-first consecutive day of fasting were compared to scans of the same patients taken one month after the last day they had fasted. CFT values were similar for both time periods (p > 0.05). The SFCT was significantly higher after consecutive fasting days towards the end of Ramadan, compared to the SFCT after one month of no fasting (one month after Ramadan ended) (p < 0.001). Ramadan fasting may lead to a significant increase in subfoveal choroidal thickness without affecting the central foveal thickness.

IMMUNOTOXICOLOGIC ASSESSMENT OF SUBACUTE EXPOSURE OF RATS TO CARBON TETRACHLORIDE WITH COMPARISON TO HEPATOXICITY AND NEPHROTOXICITY

EPA Science Inventory

The immunotoxicity, hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity of subacute exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was evaluated In young adult (8-9 week old) male Fischer 344 rats, dosed by gavage with CCl4 for ten consecutive days at 0, 5, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg/day. wo days following the las...

29 CFR 780.316 - Thirteen week provision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... consisting of seven consecutive 24-hour periods during which the employee worked at least 1 “man-day.” Section 3(u) of the Act defines a man-day as “any day during which an employee performs any agricultural... 13(a)(6)(C) (as well as section 3(e)(2)) comports with the traditional definition of week used in...

The morphological and functional differentiation of the alimentary canal of the pig during ontogeny. I. Development and differentiation of the fundic portion of the stomach.

PubMed

Georgieva, R; Gerov, K

1975-01-01

Several periods of intensive growth are observed in the development of the fundus of pig's stomach: at the end of the 2nd and the beginning of the 3rd month of embryogenesis, the periods shortly prior to and after birth, and between the 10th and 20th day following birth. The gastric pits are formed at about the 45th day of embriogenesis. At the beginning of the third month the fundic glands are formed. The parietal cells first differentiate and are found in 60-day old embryos. The mucous neck cells are differentiated at the beginning of the 3rd month but secretion of mucoid substance starts on about the 45th to 50th day of the prenatal development. With increasing age of the pigs the quantity of PAS-positive substances in the surface epithelium, as well as in the mucous neck cells gradually increases. The differentiation of the chief cells rich in RNA occurs approximately on the 90th day of the prenatal development.

Optimal bladder diary duration for patients with suprapontine neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.

PubMed

Konstantinidis, Charalampos; Kratiras, Zisis; Samarinas, Michael; Skriapas, Konstantinos

2016-01-01

To identify the minimum bladder diary's length required to furnish reliable documentation of LUTS in a specific cohort of patients suffering from neurogenic urinary dysfunction secondary to suprapontine pathology. From January 2008 to January 2014, patients suffering from suprapontine pathology and LUTS were requested to prospectively complete a bladder diary form for 7 consecutive days. Micturitions per day, excreta per micturition, urgency and incontinence episodes and voided volume per day were evaluated from the completed diaries. We compared the averaged records of consecutive days (2-6 days) to the total 7 days records for each patient's diary, seeking the minimum diary's length that could provide records comparable to the 7 days average, the reference point in terms of reliability. From 285 subjects, 94 male and 69 female patients enrolled in the study. The records of day 1 were significantly different from the average of the 7 days records in every parameter, showing relatively small correlation and providing insuficiente documentation. Correlations gradually increased along the increase in diary's duration. According to our results a 3-day duration bladder diary is efficient and can provide results comparable to a 7 day length for four of our evaluated parameters. Regarding incontinence episodes, 3 days seems inadequate to furnish comparable results, showing a borderline difference. A 3-day diary can be used, as its reliability is efficient regarding number of micturition per day, excreta per micturition, episodes of urgency and voided volume per day. Copyright© by the International Brazilian Journal of Urology.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as a viable option for an ambulatory surgical procedure: our 52-month experience.

PubMed

Lalezari, Sepehr; Musielak, Matthew C; Broun, Lisa A; Curry, Trace W

2018-06-01

We present our experience with same-day discharge (without an overnight stay) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in 821 consecutive patients from 2011 to 2015. This is the largest series published to date of patients undergoing ambulatory surgery for such a procedure. To review our outcomes from ambulatory SG over 52 months to determine if SG can be safely performed in the ambulatory setting. Ambulatory surgery center. Retrospective review of all consecutive patients undergoing ambulatory SG from January 2011 to April 2015. All patients were discharged home the same day after surgery without an overnight stay at the hospital. Incidence of complications and admission to the hospital after discharge was reviewed up to 30 days from surgery. From January 2011 to April 2015, 821 consecutive patients underwent SG. Nineteen 30-day complications occurred in the series, 17 of them requiring admission to the hospital. Of the 19 cases, gastric leaks accounted for 7, intr-aabdominal abscess for 4, and dehydration/nausea/vomiting for 4; 4 were due to other causes. Complication and readmission rates at 30 days were 2.3% and 2.1%, respectively. Follow-up at 30 days was 98.4%. With stringent patient selection and utilization of enhanced recovery pathways, our study indicates that SG may be suitable for the outpatient setting. Experience and comfort with bariatric surgery is essential on the part of the operating surgeon to ensure good outcomes. Our low overall readmission and complication rate portends to the feasibility of laparoscopic SG as a safe outpatient procedure. Copyright © 2018 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Diurnal variations in axial length, choroidal thickness, intraocular pressure, and ocular biometrics.

PubMed

Chakraborty, Ranjay; Read, Scott A; Collins, Michael J

2011-07-11

To investigate the pattern of diurnal variations in axial length (AL), choroidal thickness, intraocular pressure (IOP), and ocular biometrics over 2 consecutive days. Measurements of ocular biometrics and IOP were collected for 30 young adult subjects (15 myopes, 15 emmetropes) at 10 different times over 2 consecutive days. Five sets of measurements were collected each day at approximately 3-hour intervals, with the first measurement taken at ~9 AM and final measurement at ~9 PM. AL underwent significant diurnal variation (P < 0.0001) that was consistently observed across the 2 measurement days. The longest AL was typically observed at the second measurement session (mean time, 12:26) and the shortest AL at the final session of each day (mean time, 21:06). The mean diurnal change in AL was 0.032 ± 0.018 mm. Choroidal thickness underwent significant diurnal variation (mean change, 0.029 ± 0.016 mm; P < 0.001) and varied approximately in antiphase to the AL changes. Significant diurnal variations were also found in vitreous chamber depth (VCD; mean change, 0.06 ± 0.029 mm; P < 0.0001) and IOP (mean change, 3.54 ± 0.84 mm Hg; P < 0.0001). A positive association was found between the variations of AL and IOP (r(2) = 0.17, P < 0.0001) and AL and VCD (r(2) = 0.31, P < 0.0001) and a negative association between AL and choroidal thickness (r(2) = 0.13, P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in the magnitude and timing of diurnal variations associated with refractive error. Significant diurnal variations in AL, choroidal thickness, and IOP were consistently observed over 2 consecutive days of testing.

Improvement of digestive complaints in women with severe colorectal endometriosis benefiting from continuous amenorrhoea triggered by triptorelin. A prospective pilot study.

PubMed

Roman, H; Saint Ghislain, M; Milles, M; Marty, N; Hennetier, C; Moatassim, S; Desnyder, E; Abo, C

2015-09-01

To assess the impact of therapeutic amenorrhoea triggered by triptorelin in the digestive complaints of women with deep endometriosis infiltrating the rectum. Prospective series of consecutive patients with deep endometriosis of the rectum enrolled over a period of 17 consecutive months. University tertiary referral center. Seventy patients. Medical therapy (triptorelin 11.25 mg and add-back therapy using estradiol) administered for 3.4±1.8months before surgery. Gastrointestinal standardised questionnaires before beginning medical treatment and the day before surgery. The most frequent digestive complaints at baseline were: defecation pain in 77.1% of patients, bloating in 60%, diarrhoea in 54.3% and constipation in 50%. The largest diameter of the rectal area infiltrated by the disease was <1cm in 12.2% of women, 1 to 2.9 cm in 34.3% and ≥3cm in 51.4%. Multiple colorectal nodules were found in 32.9%. Medical treatment led to disappearance of cyclic defecation pain in 78.6%, dyschesia in 58.3%, diarrhoea in 58.3% and bloating in 50%. Relieving digestive complaints was not significantly related to either length of triptorelin administration or size of rectal infiltration by deep endometriosis. Therapeutic amenorrhoea averaging 3 months allowed complete improvement of various cyclic digestive complaints in more than half of patients. In selected patients, continuous therapeutic amenorrhoea could compensate for the lack of complete resection of deep infiltrating endometriosis of the rectum, when this latter is likely to result in a high rate of postoperative morbidity. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

A Model for Online Support in Classroom Management: Perceptions of Beginning Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, Credence; Gentry, James; Larmer, William

2016-01-01

Classroom management is a challenge for beginning teachers. To address this challenge, a model to provide support for beginning teachers was developed, consisting of a one-day workshop on classroom management, followed with online support extending over eight weeks. Specific classroom management strategies included (a) developing a foundation…

A combined field and laboratory design for assessing the impact of night shift work on police officer operational performance.

PubMed

Waggoner, Lauren B; Grant, Devon A; Van Dongen, Hans P A; Belenky, Gregory; Vila, Bryan

2012-11-01

This study assessed the utility of a combined field and laboratory research design for measuring the impact of consecutive night shift work on the sleepiness, vigilance, and driving performance of police patrol officers. For police patrol officers working their normal night shift duty cycles, simulated driving performance and psychomotor vigilance were measured in a laboratory on two separate occasions: in the morning after the last of five consecutive 10.7-h night shifts, and at the same time in the morning after three consecutive days off duty. Order of participation in conditions was randomized among subjects. Subjects experienced manipulation of sleep schedules due to working night shifts in a real operational environment, but performance testing was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. N = 29 active-duty police patrol officers (27 male, 2 female; age 37.1 ± 6.3 years) working night shift schedules participated in this study. Simulated driving performance, psychomotor vigilance, and subjective sleepiness were significantly degraded following 5 consecutive night shifts as compared to 3 consecutive days off duty, indicating that active-duty police officers are susceptible to performance degradation as a consequence of working nights. This combined field and laboratory research design succeeded in bridging the gap between the realism of the operational environment and the control of laboratory performance testing, demonstrating that this is a useful approach for addressing the relationship between shift work induced fatigue and critical operational task performance.

40 CFR 418.12 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... exceed— Total phosphorus (as P) 105 35 Fluoride 75 25 TSS 150 50 The total suspended solid limitation set...) Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Total phosphorus...

40 CFR 418.12 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... exceed— Total phosphorus (as P) 105 35 Fluoride 75 25 TSS 150 50 The total suspended solid limitation set...) Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Total phosphorus...

Probability analysis for consecutive-day maximum rainfall for Tiruchirapalli City (south India, Asia)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sabarish, R. Mani; Narasimhan, R.; Chandhru, A. R.; Suribabu, C. R.; Sudharsan, J.; Nithiyanantham, S.

2017-05-01

In the design of irrigation and other hydraulic structures, evaluating the magnitude of extreme rainfall for a specific probability of occurrence is of much importance. The capacity of such structures is usually designed to cater to the probability of occurrence of extreme rainfall during its lifetime. In this study, an extreme value analysis of rainfall for Tiruchirapalli City in Tamil Nadu was carried out using 100 years of rainfall data. Statistical methods were used in the analysis. The best-fit probability distribution was evaluated for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days of continuous maximum rainfall. The goodness of fit was evaluated using Chi-square test. The results of the goodness-of-fit tests indicate that log-Pearson type III method is the overall best-fit probability distribution for 1-day maximum rainfall and consecutive 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-day maximum rainfall series of Tiruchirapalli. To be reliable, the forecasted maximum rainfalls for the selected return periods are evaluated in comparison with the results of the plotting position.

ENDOGENOUS FORMATION OF N-NITROSOMORPHOLINE IN MICE FROM 15NO2 BY INHALATION AND MORPHOLINE BY GAVAGE

EPA Science Inventory

Male CD-1 mice were exposed to a nominal concentration of 20 ppm of 15N-nitrogen dioxide (15NO2) for 6 hr/day for 4 days and for 2 hr on the fifth day, and to 1g morpholine/kg body weight by gavage daily for 5 consecutive days. -nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) was found in whole mice, s...

The time-of-day that breaks occur between consecutive duty periods affects the sleep strategies used by shiftworkers.

PubMed

Roach, Gregory D; Dawson, Drew; Reid, Kathryn J; Darwent, David; Sargent, Charli

The aim of this study was to examine the sleep strategies used in breaks between consecutive shifts. For two weeks, 253 shiftworkers collected data regarding the timing of all shifts and sleeps. The final dataset included 395 between-shift breaks that had a standard duration (i.e. ~16 h). If a break included an entire night, participants had a single sleep on 80-93% of occasions, but if a break occurred predominantly during the daytime, participants had more than one sleep on 41-50% of occasions. These data indicate that the sleep strategy employed is influenced by the time-of-day that a break occurs.

THE SLEEP OF LONG-HAUL TRUCK DRIVERS

PubMed Central

Mitler, Merrill M.; Miller, James C.; Lipsitz, Jeffrey J.; Walsh, James K.; Wylie, C. Dennis

2008-01-01

Background Fatigue and sleep deprivation are important safety issues for long-haul truck drivers. Methods We conducted round-the-clock electrophysiologic and performance monitoring of four groups of 20 male truck drivers who were carrying revenue-producing loads. We compared four driving schedules, two in the United States (five 10-hour trips of day driving beginning about the same time each day or of night driving beginning about 2 hours earlier each day) and two in Canada (four 13-hour trips of late-night-to-morning driving beginning at about the same time each evening or of afternoon-to-night driving beginning 1 hour later each day). Results Drivers averaged 5.18 hours in bed per day and 4.78 hours of electrophysiologically verified sleep per day over the five-day study (range, 3.83 hours of sleep for those on the steady 13-hour night schedule to 5.38 hours of sleep for those on the steady 10-hour day schedule). These values compared with a mean (±SD) self-reported ideal amount of sleep of 7.1±1 hours a day. For 35 drivers (44 percent), naps augmented the sleep obtained by an average of 0.45±0.31 hour. No crashes or other vehicle mishaps occurred. Two drivers had undiagnosed sleep apnea, as detected by polysomnography. Two other drivers had one episode each of stage 1 sleep while driving, as detected by electroencephalography. Forty-five drivers (56 percent) had at least 1 six-minute interval of drowsiness while driving, as judged by analysis of video recordings of their faces; 1067 of the 1989 six-minute segments (54 percent) showing drowsy drivers involved just eight drivers. Conclusions Long-haul truck drivers in this study obtained less sleep than is required for alertness on the job. The greatest vulnerability to sleep or sleep-like states is in the late night and early morning. PMID:9287232

The optimal duration of frequency-volume charts related to compliance and reliability.

PubMed

van Haarst, Ernst P; Bosch, J L H Ruud

2014-03-01

To assess Frequency-volume charts (FVCs) for the yield of additional recorded days and the ideal duration of recording related to compliance and reliability. Of 500 consecutive urologic outpatients willing to complete a 7-day FVC, 378 FVCs were evaluable. During seven consecutive days every voiding time and volume were recorded. Missed entries were indicated with a coded letter, thereby assessing the true frequency and compliance. Reliability is the agreement of the day-to-day FVC parameters with the 7-day FVC pattern. Single-day reliability was assessed and used in the Spearman-Brown formula. FVCs of 228 male and 150 females were evaluated. Mean age was 55.2 years (standard deviation [SD]: 16.2 years), and mean 24-hr urine production was 1,856 ml (SD: 828 ml). The percentage of patients with complete FVCs decreased from 78% on day 2 to 58% on day 7, and dropped below 70% after 4 days. Single-day reliability was r = 0.63 for nocturnal urine production, r = 0.72 for 24-hr urine production, and r = 0.80 for mean voided volume. At 5 days, reliability of 90% was achieved for all parameters. With each additional day, FVCs showed a decrease in compliance and an increase in reliability. At day 3, reliability of 80% was achieved for all FVC parameters, but compliance dropped to 73%. Beyond 5 days, the yield of additional recorded days was limited. We advocate an FVC duration of 3 days, but the duration may be shortened or extended depending on the goal of the FVC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Time-dependent migration of citations through PubMed and OvidSP subsets: a study on a series of simultaneous PubMed and OvidSP searches.

PubMed

Boeker, Martin; Vach, Werner; Motschall, Edith

2013-01-01

To quantitatively describe (1) differences between search results derived at consecutive time points with the PubMed and OvidSP literature search interfaces over a five day interval, and (2) the migration of citations through different subsets to estimate the timeliness of OvidSP. PubMed-Identifiers (PMIDs) of the following subsets were retrieved from PubMed and OvidSP simultaneously (within 8 h) at 11 days in March and April 2010 including 5 consecutive days: as supplied by publisher, in process, PubMed not MEDLINE, and OLDMEDLINE. Search results were compared for difference and intersection sets. The migration of citations on individual level was determined by comparison of corresponding sets over several days. The "in process" set was stable with about 446,000 - 452,000 citations; a small fraction of up to 3 % of the total subsets were in PubMed only and OvidSP only subsets. About 96 % of the ca. 10,500 citations in the OvidSP only subset migrated within 2 days out of the "in process" subset. The database of OvidSP is updated within a period of two days.

The consecutive dry days to trigger rainfall over West Africa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, J. H.

2018-01-01

In order to resolve contradictions in addressing a soil moisture-precipitation feedback mechanism over West Africa and to clarify the impact of antecedent soil moisture on subsequent rainfall evolution, we first validated various data sets (SMOS satellite soil moisture observations, NOAH land surface model, TRMM rainfall, CMORPH rainfall and HadGEM climate models) with the Analyses Multidisciplinaires de la Mousson Africaine (AMMA) field campaign data. Based on this analysis, it was suggested that biases of data sets might cause contradictions in studying mechanisms. Thus, by taking into account uncertainties in data, it was found that the approach of consecutive dry days (i.e. a relative comparison of time-series) showed consistency across various data sets, while the direct comparison approach for soil moisture state and rainfall did not. Thus, it was discussed that it may be difficult to directly relate rain with soil moisture as the absolute value, however, it may be reasonable to compare a temporal progress of the variables. Based upon the results consistently showing a positive relationship between the consecutive dry days and rainfall, this study supports a negative feedback often neglected by climate model structure. This approach is less sensitive to interpretation errors arising from systematic errors in data sets, as this measures a temporal gradient of soil moisture state.

Efficacy of metaphylactic florfenicol therapy during natural outbreaks of bovine respiratory disease.

PubMed

Catry, B; Duchateau, L; Van de Ven, J; Laevens, H; Opsomer, G; Haesebrouck, F; De Kruif, A

2008-10-01

The efficacy of an injectable formulation of florfenicol (300 mg/mL) as metaphylactic control of naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was evaluated in two double-blind randomly controlled field studies on two Dutch veal calf herds (A and B). Cattle aged not older than 3 months and in the direct presence of calves with clinical respiratory disease were randomly allocated to treatment with 40 mg/kg florfenicol subcutaneously (s.c.) a positive control treatment (12.5 mg/kg tilmicosin p.o. twice daily for five consecutive days in herd A, and 12.5 mg/kg doxycycline p.o. twice daily for five consecutive days in herd B), or a negative control (one placebo saline s.c. administration on D0). The predominant respiratory pathogens present in pretreatment respiratory samples from affected animals were Mycoplasma bovis and Pasteurella multocida in outbreaks A and B, respectively. Metaphylactic administration of florfenicol resulted in a statistically significant weight gain, decreased rectal temperature for five consecutive days after treatment and decreased metaphylactic failure percentages compared with both positive and negative control groups. In summary, these studies demonstrated that a single s.c. injection of florfenicol is effective and practical for control of the bacterial component of BRD in veal calves.

Distraction, not hunger, is associated with lower mood and lower perceived work performance on fast compared to non-fast days during intermittent fasting.

PubMed

Appleton, Katherine M; Baker, Stephanie

2015-06-01

Using a repeated measures design, 16 females recorded hunger, distraction, mood and perceived work performance on two consecutive fast days, on two earlier and on two subsequent consecutive non-fast days, during intermittent fasting. Using regression analyses, low positive mood was associated with higher distraction (β = -0.38, p < 0.01), and lower perceived work performance was associated with higher distraction (β = -0.50, p < 0.01) and lower positive mood (β = 0.59, p = 0.01). No associations were found with hunger (largest β = -0.11, p = 0.15). Associations between mood, perceived work performance and distraction but not hunger mirror those found in traditional dieting and suggest no benefit for attention from intermittent fasting-type regimes. © The Author(s) 2015.

Predictive variables for postoperative pain after 520 consecutive dental extraction surgeries.

PubMed

Bortoluzzi, Marcelo Carlos; Manfro, Aline Rosler Grings; Nodari, Rudy Jose; Presta, Andreia Antoniuk

2012-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative pain in patients who had a single tooth or multiple erupted teeth extracted. This research evaluated 520 consecutive dental extraction surgeries in which 680 teeth were removed. Data collection was obtained through a questionnaire of patients and of the undergraduate students who performed all procedures. Pain was evaluated through qualitative self-reported scores at seven days postsurgery. An increased pain level was statistically associated with ostectomy, postoperative complications, and tobacco consumption. Pain that persisted for more than two days was statistically associated with the amount of anesthetic solution used, with a notable increase in surgical time and development of postoperative complications. Periods of pain lasting more than two days could be expected for traumatic surgeries lasting more than 30 minutes. Both severe and prolonged pain were signs of development of postoperative complications, such as alveolar osteitis and alveolar infection.

[Intensive hemoperfusion and long-term hemofiltration for treatment of paraquat poisoning: a case report].

PubMed

Peng, Zhi-Yun; Chang, Ping; Wang, Hua; Cen, Zhong-Ran; Zhou, Jian; Liu, Zhan-Guo

2015-10-01

A 20-year-old male patient was admitted in our department 14 h after paraquat poisoning at the dose of about 50 mL. The patient underwent intensive hemoperfusion for 2 h (3 times a day) for 9 consecutive days and received continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in the mode of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) for 10 consecutive days in addition to routine medications. The biochemical indexes were monitored during the therapy. After the treatment, paraquat concentrations in the blood and urine were decreased, and the patient's urine volume (UV) increased, serum creatinine (Cr) level decreased, and the oxygenation index became normal. Dynamic CT scan showed no obvious pulmonary fibrosis. The patient was followed up for 6 months after discharge and no complaint of discomforts was reported. This case suggests that early intensive hemoperfusion and long-term CVVH may help improve the prognosis after paraquat poisoning.

Impact of palliative care consultative service on disease awareness for patients with terminal cancer.

PubMed

Chou, Wen-Chi; Hung, Yu-Shin; Kao, Chen-Yi; Su, Po-Jung; Hsieh, Chia-Hsun; Chen, Jen-Shi; Liau, Chi-Ting; Lin, Yung-Chang; Liaw, Chuang-Chi; Wang, Hung-Ming

2013-07-01

Awareness of the status of disease among terminally ill cancer patients is an important part of the end-of-life care. We have evaluated how palliative care consultative service (PCCS) affects patient disease awareness and determined who may benefit from such services in Taiwan. In total, 2,887 terminally ill cancer patients consecutively received PCCS between January 2006 and December 2010 at a single medical center in Taiwan, after which they were evaluated for disease awareness. At the beginning of PCCS, 31 % of patients (n = 895) were unaware of their disease status. The characteristics of these 895 patients were analyzed retrospectively to determine variables pertinent to patient disease awareness after PCCS. In total, 485 (50 %) of the 895 patients became aware of their disease at the end of PCCS. Factors significantly associated with higher disease awareness included a longer interval between the date of hospital admission and that of PCCS referral (>4 weeks versus ≤2 weeks), a longer duration of PCCS (>14 days versus ≤7 days), the male gender, divorced marital status (versus married), and family awareness (versus lack of family awareness). Lower disease awareness was associated with older age (age > 75 years versus age = 18-65 years), referral from non-oncology departments, and primary cancer localization (lung, colon-rectum, or urological versus liver). Disease awareness is affected by multiple factors related to the patients, their families, and the clinicians. The promotion of PCCS increased disease awareness among terminally ill cancer patients in Taiwan.

[Pre- and posttreatment results of an inpatient neurotologic and psychosomatic tinnitus therapy].

PubMed

Schaaf, H; Hesse, G

2015-08-01

Inpatient treatment of chronic complex tinnitus can be necessary for patients with a high symptomatic strain, mostly accompanied by a corresponding mental comorbidity, and/or for patients that can only perceive their psychogenic suffering through somatization into tinnitus. We report the results of 368 consecutively treated inpatients with chronic complex tinnitus. Patients' audiometric data were collected, and at the beginning and end of treatment, the Mini-Tinnitus Questionnaire (Mini-TQ12; Hiller und Goebel) was completed, as was the German version of the Hospitality Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS). Effect sizes were calculated for both questionnaires. Mean treatment duration was 38.8 days (standard deviation, SD: 13.6 days). The main therapeutic elements were intensive disorder-specific neurotologic counselling and psychoeducation; improvement of hearing by fitting of hearing aids, complemented by an individualized hearing therapy; and intensive individual and group-based psychotherapy. In addition to tinnitus, 82.1% of the patients had reduced hearing requiring rehabilitation with hearing aids. After hospitalization, a highly significant improvement in tinnitus strain could be demonstrated by the Mini-TQ12. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the depression and anxiety components of HADS was also achieved, with high effect sizes of 1.6 to 2.2. No reduction of tinnitus symptoms to a medium- or low-range level was experienced by 8.9% of patients. With corresponding symptomatic suffering, disorder-specific inpatient tinnitus treatment comprising neurotologic and psychosomatic alignment can achieve medium- to high-range therapeutic effects.

Anthelmintic efficacy of pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo Linnaeus, 1753) on ostrich gastrointestinal nematodes in a semiarid region of Paraíba State, Brazil.

PubMed

Feitosa, Thais Ferreira; Vilela, Vinícius Longo Ribeiro; Athayde, Ana Célia Rodrigues; Braga, Fábio Ribeiro; Dantas, Elaine Silva; Vieira, Vanessa Diniz; de Melo, Lídio Ricardo Bezerra

2013-01-01

The aim of this study was to verify the in vivo effectiveness of pumpkin seed (Curcubita pepo Linnaeus, 1753) in naturally infected ostriches in the Cariri zone, semiarid region of Paraíba State, Brazil. Forty-eight ostriches were used, African Black breed, of 14 to 36 months old, naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes. These animals were divided into four groups of 12 ostriches. Group 1 consists of animals treated with 0.5 g/kg live weight (l. w.) of pumpkin seed meal; group 2 received 1 g/kg l. w. of pumpkin seed meal; group 3 was treated with Albendazole 5 %, at the dosage of 1 mL/10 kg l. w.; and Group 4 was the control group and do not received treatment. Groups 1 and 2 received the treatment for three consecutive days, orally, at intervals of 7 days, totaling nine administrations. The Albendazole 5 % was administered one time, at the beginning of the experiment, according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The groups treated with pumpkin seed showed a significant decrease in egg counts per gram of feces (EPG), wherein group 2 (1 g/kg l. w.) was the most effective. The control and drug groups showed no reduction in EPG. The results of the present study demonstrate that the administration of pumpkin seed was effective in controlling gastrointestinal helminths in naturally infected ostriches.

The ability of filgrastim to mitigate mortality following LD50/60 total-body irradiation is administration time-dependent.

PubMed

Farese, Ann M; Brown, Cassandra R; Smith, Cassandra P; Gibbs, Allison M; Katz, Barry P; Johnson, Cynthia S; Prado, Karl L; MacVittie, Thomas J

2014-01-01

The identification of the optimal administration schedule for an effective medical countermeasure is critical for the effective treatment of individuals exposed to potentially lethal doses of radiation. The efficacy of filgrastim (Neupogen®), a potential medical countermeasure, to improve survival when initiated at 48 h following total body irradiation in a non-human primate model of the hematopoietic syndrome of the acute radiation syndrome was investigated. Animals were exposed to total body irradiation, antero-posterior exposure, total midline tissue dose of 7.5 Gy, (target lethal dose 50/60) delivered at 0.80 Gy min, using linear accelerator-derived 6 MV photons. All animals were administered medical management. Following irradiation on day 0, filgrastim (10 μg kg d) or the control (5% dextrose in water) was administered subcutaneously daily through effect (absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1,000 cells μL for three consecutive days). The study (n = 80) was powered to demonstrate a 25% improvement in survival following the administration of filgrastim or control beginning at 48 ± 4 h post-irradiation. Survival analysis was conducted on the intention-to-treat population using a two-tailed null hypothesis at a 5% significance level. Filgrastim, initiated 48 h after irradiation, did not improve survival (2.5% increase, p = 0.8230). These data demonstrate that efficacy of a countermeasure to mitigate lethality in the hematopoietic syndrome of the acute radiation syndrome can be dependent on the interval between irradiation and administration of the medical countermeasure.

Low-frequency electroacupuncture suppresses focal epilepsy and improves epilepsy-induced sleep disruptions.

PubMed

Yi, Pei-Lu; Lu, Chin-Yu; Jou, Shuo-Bin; Chang, Fang-Chia

2015-07-07

The positive effects of acupuncture at Feng-Chi acupoints on treating epilepsy and insomnia have been well-documented in ancient Chinese literature. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence to elucidate the underlying mechanisms behind these effects. Our previous study demonstrated that high-frequency (100 Hz) electroacupuncture (EA) at Feng-Chi acupoints deteriorates both pilocarpine-induced focal epilepsy and sleep disruptions. This study investigated the effects of low-frequency (10 Hz) EA on epileptic activities and epilepsy-induced sleep disruptions. In rats, the Feng-Chi acupoint is located 3 mm away from the center of a line between the two ears. Rats received 30 min of 10 Hz EA stimuli per day before each day's dark period for three consecutive days. Our results indicated that administration of pilocarpine into the left CeA at the beginning of the dark period induced focal epilepsy and decreased both rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep during the consequent light period. Low-frequency (10 Hz) EA at Feng-Chi acupoints suppressed pilocarpine-induced epileptiform EEGs, and this effect was in turn blocked by naloxone (a broad-spectrum opioid receptor antagonist), but not by naloxonazine (a μ-receptor antagonist), naltrindole (a δ-receptor antagonist) and nor-binaltorphimine (a κ-receptor antagonist). Ten Hz EA enhanced NREM sleep during the dark period, and this enhancement was blocked by all of the opioid receptor antagonists. On the other hand, 10 Hz EA reversed pilocarpine-induced NREM suppression during the light period, and the EA's effect on the sleep disruption was only blocked by naloxonazine. These results indicate that low-frequency EA stimulation of Feng-Chi acupoints is beneficial in improving epilepsy and epilepsy-induced sleep disruptions, and that opioid receptors in the CeA mediate EA's therapeutic effects.

Rescue effects of ginger extract on dose dependent radiation-induced histological and biochemical changes in the kidneys of male Wistar rats.

PubMed

Saberi, Hassan; Keshavarzi, Behnaz; Shirpoor, Alireza; Gharalari, Farzaneh Hosseini; Rasmi, Yousef

2017-10-01

Radiation is an essential modality in the management of cancer therapy, but its acute and chronic side effects on the normal organs limit the helpfulness of radiotherapy. The deleterious effects of radiation begin with oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction to radiolytic hydrolysis and formation of free radicals. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of dose dependent whole body radiation exposure on histological and biochemical alterations in rat kidney. It was also planned to find out whether ginger extract mitigated the deleterious effects of different doses of radiation in rat kidney. Male Wistar rats were exposed to three doses (2, 4, and 8Gy) of γ- ray with or without a 10day pretreatment with ginger extract. After 10days of whole body γ- ray exposure, the results revealed proliferation of glomerular and tubular cells, fibrosis in glomerular and peritubular and a significant increase in 8-OHdG, CRP, cystatin C (in 8Gy), plasma urea and creatinine levels, as well as a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity of radiation groups compared to those of the control group. Ginger extract administration once daily for 10 consecutive days before exposure to 2-4-8Gy radiotherapy, which ameliorated histological and biochemical alterations in kidneys of the rats entirely or partially compared to those in the ethanol group rats. These findings indicate that whole body exposure to radiation induces kidney damage through oxidative DNA damage and inflammatory reactions, and that these effects can be alleviated using ginger pretreatment as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Impacts of air pollution wave on years of life lost: A crucial way to communicate the health risks of air pollution to the public.

PubMed

Huang, Jing; Pan, Xiaochuan; Guo, Xinbiao; Li, Guoxing

2018-04-01

Limited studies have explored the impacts of exposure to sustained high levels of air pollution (air pollution wave) on mortality. Given that the frequency, intensity and duration of air pollution wave has been increasing in highly polluted regions recently, understanding the impacts of air pollution wave is crucial. In this study, air pollution wave was defined as 2 or more consecutive days with air pollution index (API) > 100. The impacts of air pollution wave on years of life lost (YLL) due to non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory deaths were evaluated by considering both consecutive days with high levels of air pollution and daily air pollution levels in Tianjin, China, from 2006 to 2011. The results showed the durational effect of consecutive days with high levels of air pollution was substantial in addition to the effect of daily air pollution. For instance, the durational effect was related to an increase in YLL of 116.6 (95% CI: 4.8, 228.5) years from non-accidental deaths when the air pollution wave was sustained for 4 days, while the corresponding daily air pollution's effect was 121.2 (95% CI: 55.2, 187.1) years. A better interpretation of the health risks of air pollution wave is crucial for air pollution control policy making and public health interventions. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Survey of carbamate and organophosphorous pesticide export from a south Florida (U.S.A.) agricultural watershed: implications of sampling frequency on ecological risk estimation.

PubMed

Wilsont, P Chris; Foos, Jane Ferguson

2006-11-01

The objectives of the present study were to characterize the presence of selected carbamate and organophosphorous pesticides in Ten Mile Creek (Fort Pierce, FL, U.S.A.) and to evaluate the implications of sampling frequency on ecological risk estimates. Ten Mile Creek originates in a predominately agricultural watershed that is drained by an extensive network of cross-linked canals. Water samples were collected daily or every other day and were analyzed for azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, ethion, fenamiphos, malathion, methidathion, carbaryl, carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, methiocarb, methomyl, oxamyl, and propoxur. A total of 457 samples were analyzed for the carbamate suite, and a total of 332 samples were analyzed for the organophosphorous suite. Carbaryl was detected in eight samples; half of these detections occurred on four consecutive days (October 26-29, 2001) at concentrations ranging from 0.33 to 0.95 microg/L. Methomyl was detected in samples collected on five consecutive days (March 30-April 3, 2002) at concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 2.2 microg/L. Oxamyl was detected in four samples, three of which occurred on three consecutive days (February 17-19, 2002) at concentrations ranging from 6.2 to 6.8 microg/L. The carbamates propoxur, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, carbofuran, and methiocarb were not detected. Diazinon and ethion were the only organophosphorous pesticides detected. Diazinon was detected at 0.9 and 0.7 microg/L on January 5, 2002, and on January 6, 2002, respectively. Ethion was detected in 18 consecutive samples (August 3-20, 2001). The mean, maximum, minimum, and median detected concentrations were 0.38, 0.61, 0.30, and 0.33 microg/L, respectively. Results indicate that frequent sampling is necessary to characterize the presence of these pesticides in this intensively drained watershed. This conclusion also may apply to similar canalized watersheds.

Sleep patterns among shift-working flight controllers of the International Space Station: an observational study on the JAXA Flight Control Team.

PubMed

Mizuno, Koh; Matsumoto, Akiko; Aiba, Tatsuya; Abe, Takashi; Ohshima, Hiroshi; Takahashi, Masaya; Inoue, Yuichi

2016-09-01

Flight controllers of the International Space Station (ISS) are engaged in shift work to provide 24-h coverage to support ISS systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) among Japanese ISS flight controllers. A questionnaire study was conducted using the Standard Shiftwork Index to evaluate sleep-related problems and possible associated variables. Among 52 respondents out of 73 flight controllers, 30 subjects were identified as night shift workers who worked 3 or more night shifts per month. Those night shift workers who answered "almost always" to questions about experiencing insomnia or excessive sleepiness in any case of work shifts and days off were classified as having SWSD. Additionally, 7 night shift workers participated in supplemental wrist actigraphy data collection for 7 to 8 days including 3 to 4 days of consecutive night shifts. Fourteen of 30 night shift workers were classified as having SWSD. Significant group differences were observed where the SWSD group felt that night shift work was harder and reported more frequent insomniac symptoms after a night shift. However, no other variables demonstrated remarkable differences between groups. Actigraphy results characterized 5 subjects reporting better perceived adaptation as having regular daytime sleep, for 6 to 9 h in total, between consecutive night shifts. On the other hand, 2 subjects reporting perceived maladaptation revealed different sleep patterns, with longer daytime sleep and large day-to-day variation in daytime sleep between consecutive night shifts, respectively. As the tasks for flight control require high levels of alertness and cognitive function, several characteristics, namely shift-working schedule (2 to 4 consecutive night shifts), very short break time (5 to 10 min/h) during work shifts, and cooperative work with onboard astronauts during the evening/night shift, accounted for increasing workloads especially in the case of night shifts, resulting in higher or equal prevalence of SWSD to that among other shift-working populations. Further studies are required to collect more actigraphy data and examine the possibility of interventions to improve SWSD.

4 CFR 28.4 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... these rules, the first day shall be the day after the event from which the time period begins to run and... mail, five (5) days shall be added to the prescribed period. Only two (2) days shall be added when a...

76 FR 21780 - Notice of Public Meeting; Central Montana Resource Advisory Council

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-18

... during normal business hours. The FIRS is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to leave a message or... meeting will be held May 3 and 4, 2011. The May 3 meeting will begin at 10 a.m. with a 30-minute public comment period and will adjourn at 5:30 p.m. The May 4 meeting will begin at 8 a.m. with a 30- minute...

The 1996 NASA Aerospace Battery Workshop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brewer, Jeffrey C. (Compiler)

1997-01-01

The 1996 Workshop was held on three consecutive days and was divided into five sessions. The first day consisted of a General Primary Battery Session and a Nickel-Hydrogen Battery On-Orbit Reconditioning Experience Focused Session. The second day consisted of a Nickel-Hydrogen Session and a Nickel-Cadmium Session. The third and final day was devoted to an Other Secondary Technologies Session which covered sodium-sulfur, nickel-zinc, nickel-metal hydride, and lithium ion technologies.

Subclinical Reactivation and Shed of Infectious Varicella Zoster Virus in Saliva of Astronauts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cohrs, Randall J.; Mehta, Satish K.; Schmid, D. Scott; Gilden, Donald H.; Pierson, Duane L.

2007-01-01

We have previously detected VZV in healthy astronauts both during spaceflight and shortly after landing. Herein, we show that VZV shed in seropositive astronauts is infectious. A total of 40 saliva samples were obtained from each of the 3 astronauts. From each astronaut, 14 samples were taken 109 to 133 days before liftoff, 1 sample was taken every day during 12 days in space, and one sample was taken for 14 consecutive days beginning the second day after landing. Quantitative PCR was used to detect VZV DNA in saliva. None of 42 preflight saliva samples contained VZV DNA. VZV DNA was detected in saliva from 2 of 3 astronauts. In 1 astronaut, 6 of 12 samples obtained during space flight contained 120 to 2,500 copies of VZV DNA per ml; after landing, 1250 copies of VZV DNA were present on day 2, 45 copies on day 3, and 110 copies on day 5. All samples taken 6 to 15 days after touchdown were negative for VZV DNA. In the second astronaut, 5 of 12 samples obtained during space flight contained 18 to 650 copies of VZV DNA per ml; after landing, 560 copies of VZV DNA were present in saliva on day 2, 340 copies on day 4, 45 copies on day 5, and 23 copes on day 6. All samples taken 7 to 15 days after touchdown were negative for VZV DNA. Saliva taken 2 to 6 days after landing from all 3 astronauts was cultured on human fetal lung cells. After one subcultivation, a cytopathic effect developed in cultures inoculated with saliva from the two astronauts whose saliva contained VZV DNA. Both PCR and immunostaining identified the isolates to be VZV and not HSV-1. Importantly, the astronaut in whom no VZV was detected had a history of zoster 9 years earlier. It is possible that a boost in cell-mediated immunity to VZV which is known to develop after zoster protected him from subclinical reactivation. The genotype of the two VZV isolates was determined by VZV ORF22-based PCR/sequencing along with FRET-based PCR assays that target specific nucleotide polymorphisms. Both VZV isolates were found to be the European genotype which also contained a rare MspI restriction enodnuclease site in VZV ORF62 at position 107,252. These findings extend our previous demonstration of VZV DNA in saliva of astronauts by showing that infectious VZV is also present. Thus, like HSV-1 and HSV-2, VZV can reactivate and shed infectious virus in the absence of clinical disease.

40 CFR 415.66 - Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the mercury cell process, which introduces pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works, must...): Subpart F—Chlor-Alkali-Mercury Cells Pollutant or pollutant property PSNS effluent limitations Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days Milligrams per liter Mercury (T) 0.11 0.048...

40 CFR 418.13 - Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attained by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Total phosphorus... exceed— Total phosphorus (as P) 105 35 Fluoride 75 25 [39 FR 12836, Apr. 8, 1974, as amended at 41 FR...

40 CFR 418.13 - Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attained by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Total phosphorus... exceed— Total phosphorus (as P) 105 35 Fluoride 75 25 [39 FR 12836, Apr. 8, 1974, as amended at 41 FR...

47 CFR 73.691 - Visual modulation monitoring.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... must have measuring equipment for determining that the transmitted visual signal conforms to the... a period of not more than 30 days without specific authority from the FCC: provided that, the date... operation at variance will exceed 10 consecutive days, a notification must be sent to the FCC in Washington...

PROBABILITIES OF TEMPERATURE EXTREMES IN THE U.S.

EPA Science Inventory

The model Temperature Extremes Version 1.0 provides the capability to estimate the probability, for 332 locations in the 50 U.S. states, that an extreme temperature will occur for one or more consecutive days and/or for any number of days in a given month or season, based on stat...

21 CFR 526.313 - Ceftiofur.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian. (e) Conditions of use in cattle—(1) Lactating cows—(i... Escherichia coli. (iii) Limitations. Milk taken from cows during treatment (a maximum of eight daily infusions... for up to 8 consecutive days, a 2-day pre-slaughter withdrawal period is required. (2) Dry cows—(i...

[Equating scores using bridging stations on the clinical performance examination].

PubMed

Yoo, Dong-Mi; Han, Jae-Jin

2013-06-01

This study examined the use of the Tucker linear equating method in producing an individual student's score in 3 groups with bridging stations over 3 consecutive days of the clinical performance examination (CPX) and compared the differences in scoring patterns by bridging number. Data were drawn from 88 examinees from 3 different CPX groups-DAY1, DAY2, and DAY3-each of which comprised of 6 stations. Each group had 3 common stations, and each group had 2 or 3 stations that differed from other groups. DAY1 and DAY3 were equated to DAY2. Equated mean scores and standard deviations were compared with the originals. DAY1 and DAY3 were equated again, and the differences in scores (equated score-raw score) were compared between the 3 sets of equated scores. By equating to DAY2, DAY1 decreased in mean score from 58.188 to 56.549 and in standard deviation from 4.991 to 5.046, and DAY3 fell in mean score from 58.351 to 58.057 and in standard deviation from 5.546 to 5.856, which demonstrates that the scores of examinees in DAY1 and DAY2 were accentuated after use of the equation. The patterns in score differences between the equated sets to DAY1, DAY2, and DAY3 yielded information on the soundness of the equating results from individual and overall comparisons. To generate equated scores between 3 groups on 3 consecutive days of the CPX, we applied the Tucker linear equating method. We also present a method of equating reciprocal days to the anchoring day as much as bridging stations.

21 CFR 558.261 - Florfenicol.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... disease (SRD) associated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus suis... streptococcal septicemia associated with Streptococcus iniae Feed as a sole ration for 10 consecutive days to...

Sorting permutations by prefix and suffix rearrangements.

PubMed

Lintzmayer, Carla Negri; Fertin, Guillaume; Dias, Zanoni

2017-02-01

Some interesting combinatorial problems have been motivated by genome rearrangements, which are mutations that affect large portions of a genome. When we represent genomes as permutations, the goal is to transform a given permutation into the identity permutation with the minimum number of rearrangements. When they affect segments from the beginning (respectively end) of the permutation, they are called prefix (respectively suffix) rearrangements. This paper presents results for rearrangement problems that involve prefix and suffix versions of reversals and transpositions considering unsigned and signed permutations. We give 2-approximation and ([Formula: see text])-approximation algorithms for these problems, where [Formula: see text] is a constant divided by the number of breakpoints (pairs of consecutive elements that should not be consecutive in the identity permutation) in the input permutation. We also give bounds for the diameters concerning these problems and provide ways of improving the practical results of our algorithms.

Challenging Experiences Faced by Beginning Casual Teachers: Here One Day and Gone the Next!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jenkins, Kathy; Smith, Howard; Maxwell, Tom

2009-01-01

The Educational Alumni Support Project (EdASP) indicated that there is an urgent need for the teaching profession to support casual beginning teachers (CBTs). The EdASP that was carried out at the University of New England provided online support for primary and secondary beginning teachers, yet the majority of postings were submitted by CBTs. In…

The effects of a heat acclimation protocol in persons with spinal cord injury.

PubMed

Trbovich, Michelle B; Kiratli, Jenny B; Price, Mike J

2016-12-01

Persons without spinal cord injury (SCI) physiologically acclimate between seven to fourteen consecutive days of exercise in the heat. Decreased resting and exercise core temperature, decreased heart rate, increased plasma volume and increased thermal comfort during exercise are changes consistent with heat acclimation. Autonomic dysfunction after SCI impairs heat dissipation through sweating and vasodilation. The purpose of this study is to determine if seven consecutive days of exercise in the heat would result in physiologic changes consistent with heat acclimation in persons with SCI. Ten persons with SCI divided into two groups: tetraplegia (n=5) and paraplegia (n=5) exercised in 35°C using an arm ergometer at 50% W peak for 30min followed by 15min rest. This protocol was repeated over seven consecutive days. Heart rate (HR), skin temperature, aural temperature (T aur ), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), rate of perceived thermal strain (RPTS), and plasma volume (PV) were measured throughout the protocol. There were no significant differences in resting T aur exercise T aur , mean skin temperature, HR, PV, RPE or RPTS over the 7 days for either the tetraplegic or paraplegic group. Participants with SCI did not demonstrate the ability to dissipate heat more efficiently over 7 days of exercise at 35°C. The lack of heat acclimation seen in persons with SCI has implications for the athlete and non-athlete alike. For the SCI athlete, inability to acclimate will impair performance and endurance especially in warm environments, compared to the person without SCI. For the SCI non-athlete, there is a greater risk of heat-related illness in warm environments that can negatively affect participation in outdoor activities and thus quality of life. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Effects of pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor on thrombocytopenia induced by a new myelosuppressive chemotherapy regimen in mice.

PubMed

Akahori, H; Shibuya, K; Ozai, M; Ida, M; Kabaya, K; Kato, T; Miyazaki, H

1996-11-01

Thrombopoietin, the endogenous c-Mpl ligand, is a novel lineage-specific hematopoietic factor that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. In this study, we examined the effects of pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor (PEG-rHuMGDF), a truncated molecule of recombinant human c-Mpl ligand derivatized with polyethylene glycol, on myelosuppressive chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in mice. We developed a new murine model of thrombocytopenia induced by i.v. injections of mitomycin C (MMC) for two consecutive days. In control mice, platelet counts began to decrease on day 6, reached a nadir of less than 5% of basal level on day 14, and could not recover to basal level by day 26. Administration of PEG-rHuMGDF greatly enhanced recovery of the number of megakaryocyte progenitor cells and the megakaryocytes in bone marrow, and markedly reduced the severity of thrombocytopenia; it also accelerated platelet recovery in a dose-dependent manner in myelosuppressed mice. Mice receiving consecutive administration of higher doses of PEG-rHuMGDF showed no thrombocytopenia but rather had platelet counts being increased over basal level. Although absolute neutrophil counts and red cell counts also were decreased following MMC treatment, administration of PEG-rHuMGDF also improved neutropenia and anemia. Administration of PEG-rHuMGDF on alternate days or once a week after chemotherapy was almost as effective as consecutive administration in improving thrombocytopenia. Combined administration of PEG-rHuMGDF and rHuG-CSF had an additive effect on improvement of thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. These results suggest that PEG-rHuMGDF is a therapeutically effective agent in the treatment of thrombocytopenia associated with chemotherapy.

The Lawrence D. Dorr Surgical Techniques & Technologies Award: "Running Two Rooms" Does Not Compromise Outcomes or Patient Safety in Joint Arthroplasty.

PubMed

Hamilton, William G; Ho, Henry; Parks, Nancy L; Strait, Alexander V; Hopper, Robert H; McDonald, James F; Goyal, Nitin; Fricka, Kevin B; Engh, C Anderson

2018-07-01

Scrutiny from the federal government and the media regarding the safety of 1 surgeon doing cases in 2 operating rooms (ORs) on the same day, prompted us to examine our own institutional data. Over the past 11 years, surgeons at our facility have operated consecutively in 1 OR on a given day or used 2 alternating ORs. This study compares these cases with a focus on revisions and complications in both groups. Six surgeons performed a total of 16,916 primary hip and knee arthroplasties from 2006-2016. 7002 cases (41%) were consecutive cases (CCs) and 9914 cases (59%) were overlapping cases (OCs). Intraoperative complications, component revisions, and postoperative complications within 90 days of surgery were compared between the CC and OC groups. There was no difference in intraoperative complication rates between the two groups (CC 1.6% vs. OC 1.7%, relative risk 1.082, 95% confidence interval 0.852 to 1.375, P = .52). There was no difference in 90-day component revision rates among the CC and OC groups (0.66% vs. 0.85% respectively, relative risk = 1.290, 95% confidence interval 0.901 to 1.845, P = .19). There was also no difference in 90-day complication rates among the CC and OC groups (1.33% vs. 1.45% respectively, relative risk = 1.094, 95% confidence interval 0.844 to 1.417, P = .54). This large study of a single institution with multiple surgeons over an 11-year period shows no compromise in patient safety or outcomes when comparing cases done in either consecutive or overlapping rooms. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

21 CFR 522.2260 - Sulfamethazine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... of 5 consecutive days. (2) Indications for use. For cattle for treatment of bacterial pneumonia and bovine respiratory disease complex (shipping fever complex) (Pasteurella spp.), colibacillosis (bacterial...

21 CFR 522.2260 - Sulfamethazine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... of 5 consecutive days. (2) Indications for use. For cattle for treatment of bacterial pneumonia and bovine respiratory disease complex (shipping fever complex) (Pasteurella spp.), colibacillosis (bacterial...

7 CFR 1230.621 - Voting period.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PORK PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND... term Voting period means the 3-consecutive business day period for in-person voting. Referendum ...

Aortic arch atherosclerosis in patients with severe aortic stenosis can be argued by greater day-by-day blood pressure variability.

PubMed

Iwata, Shinichi; Sugioka, Kenichi; Fujita, Suwako; Ito, Asahiro; Matsumura, Yoshiki; Hanatani, Akihisa; Takagi, Masahiko; Di Tullio, Marco R; Homma, Shunichi; Yoshiyama, Minoru

2015-07-01

Although it is well known that the prevalence of aortic arch plaques, one of the risk factors for ischemic stroke, is high in patients with severe aortic stenosis, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Increased day-by-day blood pressure (BP) variability is also known to be associated with stroke; however, little is known on the association between day-by-bay BP variability and aortic arch atherosclerosis in patients with aortic stenosis. Our objective was to clarify the association between day-by-day BP variables (average values and variability) and aortic arch atherosclerosis in patients with severe aortic stenosis. The study population consisted of 104 consecutive patients (mean age 75 ± 8 years) with severe aortic stenosis who were scheduled for aortic valve replacement. BP was measured in the morning in at least 4 consecutive days (mean 6.8 days) prior to the day of surgery. Large (≥4 mm), ulcerated, or mobile plaques were defined as complex plaques using transesophageal echocardiography. Cigarette smoking and all systolic BP variables were associated with the presence of complex plaques (p < 0.05), whereas diastolic BP variables were not. Multiple regression analysis indicated that day-by-day mean systolic BP and day-by-day systolic BP variability remained independently associated with the presence of complex plaques (p < 0.05) after adjustment for age, male sex, cigarette smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus. These findings suggest that higher day-by-day mean systolic BP and day-by-day systolic BP variability are associated with complex plaques in the aortic arch and consequently stroke risk in patients with aortic stenosis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Shift Work, Chronotype, and Melatonin Patterns among Female Hospital Employees on Day and Night Shifts.

PubMed

Leung, Michael; Tranmer, Joan; Hung, Eleanor; Korsiak, Jill; Day, Andrew G; Aronson, Kristan J

2016-05-01

Shift work-related carcinogenesis is hypothesized to be mediated by melatonin; however, few studies have considered the potential effect modification of this underlying pathway by chronotype or specific aspects of shift work such as the number of consecutive nights in a rotation. In this study, we examined melatonin patterns in relation to shift status, stratified by chronotype and number of consecutive night shifts, and cumulative lifetime exposure to shift work. Melatonin patterns of 261 female personnel (147 fixed-day and 114 on rotations, including nights) at Kingston General Hospital were analyzed using cosinor analysis. Urine samples were collected from all voids over a 48-hour specimen collection period for measurement of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin concentrations using the Buhlmann ELISA Kit. Chronotypes were assessed using mid-sleep time (MSF) derived from the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). Sociodemographic, health, and occupational information were collected by questionnaire. Rotational shift nurses working nights had a lower mesor and an earlier time of peak melatonin production compared to day-only workers. More pronounced differences in mesor and acrophase were seen among later chronotypes, and shift workers working ≥3 consecutive nights. Among nurses, cumulative shift work was associated with a reduction in mesor. These results suggest that evening-types and/or shift workers working ≥3 consecutive nights are more susceptible to adverse light-at-night effects, whereas long-term shift work may also chronically reduce melatonin levels. Cumulative and current exposure to shift work, including nights, affects level and timing of melatonin production, which may be related to carcinogenesis and cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(5); 830-8. ©2016 AACR. ©2016 American Association for Cancer Research.

Rhizobial Inoculation Increases Soil Microbial Functioning and Gum Arabic Production of 13-Year-Old Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton, Trees in the North Part of Senegal.

PubMed

Fall, Dioumacor; Bakhoum, Niokhor; Nourou Sall, Saïdou; Zoubeirou, Alzouma Mayaki; Sylla, Samba N; Diouf, Diegane

2016-01-01

Rhizobial inoculation has been widely used in controlled conditions as a substitute for chemical fertilizers to increase plants growth and productivity. However, very little is known about such effects on mature trees in natural habitats. In this study, we investigated the effect of rhizobial inoculation on soil total microbial biomass, mineral nitrogen content, potential CO2 respiration, fluorescein diacetate (FDA), acid phosphatase activities, and gum arabic production by 13-year-old Senegalia senegal (synonym: Acacia senegal) under natural conditions in the north part of Senegal during two consecutive years. Rhizobial inoculation was performed at the beginning of the rainy season (July) for both years with a cocktail of four strains (CIRADF 300, CIRADF 301, CIRADF 302, and CIRADF 303). Rhizospheric soils were collected in both dry and rainy seasons to a depth of 0-25 cm under uninoculated and inoculated trees. Trees were tapped in November (beginning of dry season) using traditional tools. Gum arabic was harvested every 15 days from December to March. The results obtained from both years demonstrated that rhizobial inoculation increased significantly the percentage of trees producing gum arabic, gum arabic production per tree, soil microbial biomass, FDA, and acid phosphatase activities. However, there was no significant effect on C mineralization and mineral nitrogen (N) content. Gum arabic production was positively correlated to rainfall, soil microbial biomass, and mineral nitrogen content. Our results showed a positive effect of rhizobial inoculation on soil microbial functioning and gum arabic production by mature S. senegal trees. These important findings deserve to be conducted in several contrasting sites in order to improve gum arabic production and contribute to increase rural population incomes.

Rhizobial Inoculation Increases Soil Microbial Functioning and Gum Arabic Production of 13-Year-Old Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton, Trees in the North Part of Senegal

PubMed Central

Fall, Dioumacor; Bakhoum, Niokhor; Nourou Sall, Saïdou; Zoubeirou, Alzouma Mayaki; Sylla, Samba N.; Diouf, Diegane

2016-01-01

Rhizobial inoculation has been widely used in controlled conditions as a substitute for chemical fertilizers to increase plants growth and productivity. However, very little is known about such effects on mature trees in natural habitats. In this study, we investigated the effect of rhizobial inoculation on soil total microbial biomass, mineral nitrogen content, potential CO2 respiration, fluorescein diacetate (FDA), acid phosphatase activities, and gum arabic production by 13-year-old Senegalia senegal (synonym: Acacia senegal) under natural conditions in the north part of Senegal during two consecutive years. Rhizobial inoculation was performed at the beginning of the rainy season (July) for both years with a cocktail of four strains (CIRADF 300, CIRADF 301, CIRADF 302, and CIRADF 303). Rhizospheric soils were collected in both dry and rainy seasons to a depth of 0–25 cm under uninoculated and inoculated trees. Trees were tapped in November (beginning of dry season) using traditional tools. Gum arabic was harvested every 15 days from December to March. The results obtained from both years demonstrated that rhizobial inoculation increased significantly the percentage of trees producing gum arabic, gum arabic production per tree, soil microbial biomass, FDA, and acid phosphatase activities. However, there was no significant effect on C mineralization and mineral nitrogen (N) content. Gum arabic production was positively correlated to rainfall, soil microbial biomass, and mineral nitrogen content. Our results showed a positive effect of rhizobial inoculation on soil microbial functioning and gum arabic production by mature S. senegal trees. These important findings deserve to be conducted in several contrasting sites in order to improve gum arabic production and contribute to increase rural population incomes. PMID:27656192

Low-thrust roundtrip trajectories to Mars with one-synodic-period repeat time

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Okutsu, Masataka; Landau, Damon F.; Rogers, Blake A.; Longuski, James M.

2015-05-01

Cycler trajectories-both ballistic and powered-are reported in the literature in which there are two-vehicle, three-vehicle, and four-vehicle cases. Such trajectories permit the installation of cycler vehicles which provide safe and comfortable living conditions for human space travel between Earth and Mars during every synodic opportunity. The question the present paper answers is a logical, obvious one: Does a single-vehicle, one-synodic-period cycler exist? The answer is yes: such a trajectory can be flown-but only with a high-power electric propulsion system. In our example, it is found that "stopover" trajectories that spend 30 days in orbit about Earth and 30 days about Mars, and return astronauts to Earth in one synodic period require a 90-t power generator with a power level of 11 MWe. Fortuitously, and in lieu of using chemical propulsion, the high power level of the electric propulsion system would also be effective in hauling the cargo payload via a spiral trajectory about the Earth. But because one synodic period is not enough for the cycler vehicle to fly both the interplanetary trajectories and the Earth-spiral trajectories, we suggest developing two nuclear power generators, which could alternate flying the interplanetary trajectories and the Earth-spiral trajectories. Once these power generators are launched and begin operating in space, the mass requirement in seven subsequent missions (over a period of 15 years beginning in 2022) would be modest at 250-300 metric tons to low-Earth orbit per mission. Thus two cargo launches of NASA's Space Launch System and one crew launch of the Falcon Heavy, for example, would be adequate to maintain support for each consecutive mission. Although we propose developing two sets of electric propulsion systems to account for the Earth-spiral phases, only one vehicle is flown on a heliocentric trajectory at any given time. Thus, our low-thrust stopover cycler with zero encounter velocities falls into a category of a "one-vehicle cycler," which completes the gap in the literature, where we have already seen multiple-vehicle cycler concepts.

Progressive decrease of melatonin production over consecutive days of simulated night work.

PubMed

Dumont, Marie; Paquet, Jean

2014-12-01

Decreased melatonin production, due to nighttime exposure to light, has been proposed as one of the physiological mechanisms increasing cancer risk in night workers. However, few studies measured melatonin production in night workers, and most of these studies did not measure melatonin over 24 h. One study compared total melatonin production between day and night shifts in rotating night workers and did not find significant differences. However, without baseline measures, it was not possible to exclude that melatonin production was reduced during both day and night work. Here, we used data collected in a simulation study of night work to determine the effect of night work on both nighttime and 24-h melatonin production, during three consecutive days of simulated night work. Thirty-eight healthy subjects (15 men, 23 women; 26.6 ± 4.2 years) participated in a 6-d laboratory study. Circadian phase assessments were made with salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) on the first and last days. Simulated day work (09:00-17:00 h) occurred on the second day, followed by three consecutive days of simulated night work (00:00-08:00 h). Light intensity at eye level was set at 50 lux during both simulated day and night work. The subjects were divided into three matched groups exposed to specific daytime light profiles that produced various degrees of circadian phase delays and phase advances. Melatonin production was estimated with the excretion of urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s). For the entire protocol, urine was collected every 2 h, except for the sleep episodes when the interval was 8 h. The aMT6s concentration in each sample was multiplied by the urine volume and then added to obtain total aMT6s excretion during nighttime (00:00-08:00 h) and during each 24-h day (00:00-00:00 h). The results showed that melatonin production progressively decreased over consecutive days of simulated night work, both during nighttime and over the 24 h. This decrease was larger in women using oral contraceptives. There was no difference between the three groups, and the magnitude of the decrease in melatonin production for nighttime and for the 24 h was not associated with the magnitude of the absolute circadian phase shift. As light intensity was relatively low and because the decrease in melatonin production was progressive, direct suppression by nighttime light exposure was probably not a significant factor. However, according to previous experimental observations, the decrease in melatonin production most likely reflects the circadian disruption associated with the process of re-entrainment. It remains to be determined whether reduced melatonin production can be harmful by itself, but long-term and repeated circadian disruption most probably is.

Lymphocyte functions in dairy cows in hot environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lacetera, Nicola; Bernabucci, Umberto; Scalia, Daniela; Ronchi, Bruno; Kuzminsky, Giorgina; Nardone, Alessandro

2005-11-01

This study was carried out to ascertain the effects of intense high environmental temperatures (HET) on lymphocyte functions in periparturient dairy cows. The study was undertaken from the beginning of March through the end of July 2003 in a commercial dairy unit located approximately 40 km north of Rome. Thirty-four Holstein cows were utilised in the study. Twenty-two of these cows gave birth in spring (SP cows), from 28 March to 30 April. The remaining 12 cows gave birth in summer (SU cows), between 15 June and 2 July. The two groups of cows were balanced for parity and were fed the same rations. Blood samples were taken 4, 3, 2 and 1 week before calving, and 1, 2 and 4 weeks after calving, in order to evaluate peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) function in vitro, and to determine plasma cortisol concentrations. After isolation, the PBMC were stimulated with mitogens and their response in terms of DNA synthesis and IgM secretion was measured. During spring, either the day (9 20 h) or the night (21 8 h) temperature humidity index (THI) was below the upper critical THI (72) established for dairy cows. During summer, the mean daily THI values were 79.5±2.9 during the day and 70.1±4.7 during the night. Furthermore, during summer, three heat waves (a period of at least 3 consecutive days during which there were less than 10 recovery hours) occurred. Recovery hours were intended hours with a THI below 72. The first heat wave lasted 5 days, the second 6 days, and the third 15 days. Compared to the SP cows, over the entire periparturient period the extent of DNA synthesis and IgM secretion levels were lower (P ranging from <0.01 to 0.0001) and higher (P<0.01) respectively, in the SU cows. Before calving, the SU cows also presented higher (P<0.01) concentrations of plasma cortisol compared to the SP cows. This study indicates that the effects of HET on the immune response depend on the specific immune function under consideration, and that neuroendocrinal changes due to HET may play a role in the perturbation of immune functions.

Can a simple balance task be used to assess fitness for duty?

PubMed

Sargent, Charli; Darwent, David; Ferguson, Sally A; Roach, Gregory D

2012-03-01

Human fatigue, caused by sleep loss, extended wakefulness, and/or circadian misalignment, is a major cause of workplace errors, incidents and accidents. In some industries, employees are required to undertake fitness for duty testing at the start of a shift to identify instances where their fatigue risk is elevated, so that minimisation and/or mitigation strategies can be implemented. Postural balance has been proposed as a fitness for duty test for fatigue, but it is largely untested. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of sleep loss, extended wakefulness and circadian phase on postural balance. Fourteen male participants spent 10 consecutive days in a sleep laboratory, including three adaptation days and eight simulated shiftwork days. To simulate a quickly rotating roster, shiftwork days were scheduled to begin 4h later each day, and consisted of a 23.3-h wake episode and a 4.7-h sleep opportunity. Every 2.5h during wake, balance was measured while standing as still as possible on a force platform with eyes open for one minute, and eyes closed for one minute. Subjective sleepiness was assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. Core body temperature, continuously recorded with rectal thermistors, was used to determine circadian phase. For measures of postural balance and subjective sleepiness, data were analysed using three separate repeated measures ANOVA with two within-subjects factors: circadian phase (six phases) and prior wake (nine levels). For subjective sleepiness, there was a significant effect of prior wake and circadian phase. In particular, sleepiness increased as prior wake increased, and was higher during biological night-time than biological daytime. For the eyes open balance task, there was no effect of prior wake or circadian phase. For the eyes closed balance task, there was a significant effect of circadian phase such that balance was poorer during the biological night-time than biological daytime, but there was no effect of prior wake. These results indicate that postural balance may be a viable tool for assessing fatigue associated with time of day, but may not be useful for assessing fatigue associated with extended hours of wake. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

21 CFR 558.261 - Florfenicol.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... disease (SRD) associated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus suis... septicemia associated with Streptococcus iniae Feed as a sole ration for 10 consecutive days to deliver 15 mg...

Effects of ambient air temperature, humidity, and wind speed on seminal traits in Braford and Nellore bulls at the Brazilian Pantanal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Menegassi, Silvio Renato Oliveira; Pereira, Gabriel Ribas; Bremm, Carolina; Koetz, Celso; Lopes, Flávio Guiselli; Fiorentini, Eduardo Custódio; McManus, Concepta; Dias, Eduardo Antunes; da Rocha, Marcela Kuczynski; Lopes, Rubia Branco; Barcellos, Júlio Otávio Jardim

2016-11-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioclimatic thermal stress assessed by Equivalent Temperature Index (ETI) and Temperature Humidity Index (THI) on Braford and Nellore bulls sperm quality during the reproductive seasons at the tropical region in the Brazilian Pantanal. We used 20 bulls aged approximately 24 months at the beginning of the study. Five ejaculates per animal were collected using an electroejaculator. Temperature, air humidity, and wind speed data were collected every hour from the automatic weather station at the National Institute of Meteorology. Infrared thermography images data were collected to assess the testicular temperature gradient in each animal. Data were analyzed with ANOVA using MIXED procedure of SAS and means were compared using Tukey's HSD test. The THI and ETI at 12 days (epididymal transit) were higher in January (89.7 and 28.5, respectively) and February (90.0 and 29.0, respectively) compared to other months ( P < 0.01). Total seminal defects differ only in Bradford bulls between the months of November and February. Nellore bulls had lower major defects (MaD) and total defects (TD) compared to Braford. Nellore bulls showed correlation between minor defects (MiD) and THI for 30 days (0.90) and 18 days (0.88; P < 0.05). Braford bulls showed correlation for MaD (0.89) in ETI for 12 days ( P < 0.05). Infrared thermography showed no difference between animals. Reproductive response to environmental changes is a consequence of Nellore and Braford adaptation to climate stress conditions. Both THI and ETI environmental indexes can be used to evaluate the morphological changes in the seminal parameters in Nellore or Braford bulls; however, more experiments should be performed focusing on larger sample numbers and also in reproductive assessment during the consecutive years to assess fertility potential.

Oxaliplatin in combination with protracted-infusion fluorouracil and radiation: report of a clinical trial for patients with esophageal cancer.

PubMed

Khushalani, Nikhil I; Leichman, Cynthia Gail; Proulx, Gary; Nava, Hector; Bodnar, Lisa; Klippenstein, Donald; Litwin, Alan; Smith, Judy; Nava, Enriqueta; Pendyala, Lakshmi; Smith, Patrick; Greco, William; Berdzik, Joanne; Douglass, Harold; Leichman, Lawrence

2002-06-15

To identify a dose and schedule of oxaliplatin (OXP) to be safely administered in combination with protracted-infusion (PI) fluorouracil (5-FU) and external-beam radiation therapy (XRT) for patients with primary esophageal carcinoma (EC). Eligibility included therapeutically naïve EC patients with clinical disease stages II, III, or IV. Initial doses and schedules for cycle 1 consisted of OXP 85 mg/m(2) on days 1, 15, and 29; PI 5-FU 180 mg/m(2) for 24 hours for 35 days; and XRT 1.8 Gy in 28 fractions starting on day 8. At completion of cycle 1, eligible patients could undergo an operation or begin cycle 2 without XRT. Postoperative patients were eligible for cycle 2. Stage IV patients were allowed three cycles in the absence of disease progression. OXP and 5-FU increases were based on dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) encountered in cohorts of three consecutive patients. Thirty-eight eligible patients received therapy: 22 noninvasively staged as IV and 16 noninvasively staged as II and III. Thirty-six patients completed cycle 1, 29 patients started cycle 2, and 24 patients completed cycle 2. The combined-modality therapy was well tolerated, but DLT prevented OXP and 5-FU escalation. No grade 4 hematologic toxicity was noted. Eleven grade 3 and two grade 4 clinical toxicities were noted in eight patients. After cycle 1, 29 patients (81%) had no cancer in the esophageal mucosa. Thirteen patients underwent an operation with intent to resect the esophagus; five patients (38%) exhibited pathologic complete responses. OXP 85 mg/m(2) on days 1, 15, and 29 administered with PI 5-FU and XRT is safe, tolerable, and seems effective against primary EC. The role of OXP in multimodality regimens against EC deserves further evaluation.

The role of the central histaminergic receptors in the exercise-induced improvements of the spatial learning and memory in rats.

PubMed

Taati, Majid; Moghaddasi, Mehrnoush; Esmaeili, Masoumeh; Pourkhodadad, Soheila; Nayebzadeh, Hassan

2014-10-31

While it is well known that exercise can improve cognitive performance, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. There is now evidence that histamine can modulate learning and memory in different types of behavioral tasks. The present study was designed to examine the possible role of central histamine H1 and H2 receptors in forced treadmill running-induced enhancement of learning and memory in rats. For this purpose the animals received intracerebroventricularly chlorpheniramine (H1 receptor blocker) and cimetidine (H2 receptor blocker) before each day of fifteen consecutive days of exercise. Then their learning and memory were tested on the water maze task using a four-trial-per-day for 4 consecutive days. A probe trial was performed after the last training day. Our data showed that cimetidine reversed the exercise-induced improvement in learning and memory in rats; however, this was not the case regarding chlorpheniramine. Our findings indicate that central histamine H2 receptors play an important role in mediating the beneficial effects of forced exercise on learning and memory. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 417.151 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... demand as determined by incubation at 20 degrees C for a period of 7 days using an acclimated seed... scrubbing, and without more than 6 turnarounds in a 30 consecutive day period, thus permitting essentially... period that are of such degree and type (e.g., high phosphate to no phosphate) as to require cleaning of...

Student Achievement in the Four-Day School Week.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daly, Joseph L.; Richburg, Robert W.

To gather longitudinal student achievement data from schools utilizing the four-day week, Iowa Tests of Basic Skills (ITBS) grade equivalent scores were obtained in 1984 from five rural Colorado school districts for four consecutive years--two years prior to and two years following the districts' change to the shortened week. A first analysis…

Reducing Maternal Psychological Distress after the NICU Experience through Journal Writing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barry, Leasha M.; Singer, George H. S.

2001-01-01

A study examined the effect of a brief journal writing exercise on the depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms of 38 mothers of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit graduates. Results found that the journal writing for 30 minutes a day for 4 consecutive days reduced physiological distress for the mothers. (Contains references.) (CR)

40 CFR 417.151 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... demand as determined by incubation at 20 degrees C for a period of 7 days using an acclimated seed... scrubbing, and without more than 6 turnarounds in a 30 consecutive day period, thus permitting essentially... period that are of such degree and type (e.g., high phosphate to no phosphate) as to require cleaning of...

40 CFR 417.151 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... demand as determined by incubation at 20 degrees C for a period of 7 days using an acclimated seed... scrubbing, and without more than 6 turnarounds in a 30 consecutive day period, thus permitting essentially... period that are of such degree and type (e.g., high phosphate to no phosphate) as to require cleaning of...

40 CFR 417.151 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... demand as determined by incubation at 20 degrees C for a period of 7 days using an acclimated seed... scrubbing, and without more than 6 turnarounds in a 30 consecutive day period, thus permitting essentially... period that are of such degree and type (e.g., high phosphate to no phosphate) as to require cleaning of...

40 CFR 417.151 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... demand as determined by incubation at 20 degrees C for a period of 7 days using an acclimated seed... scrubbing, and without more than 6 turnarounds in a 30 consecutive day period, thus permitting essentially... period that are of such degree and type (e.g., high phosphate to no phosphate) as to require cleaning of...

Topical kanamycin: an effective therapeutic option in aerobic vaginitis.

PubMed

Tempera, G; Abbadessa, G; Bonfiglio, G; Cammarata, E; Cianci, A; Corsello, S; Raimondi, A; Ettore, G; Nicolosi, D; Furneri, P M

2006-08-01

Eighty-one patients with clinical diagnosis of aerobic vaginitis (AV) were included in the study. The patients were randomized for treatment, 45 with kanamycin (100 mg vaginal ovules for 6 days, consecutively) and 36 with meclocycline (35 mg vaginal ovules for 6 days, consecutively). The patients were examined before starting the study, 1-2 days after treatment and 30 days after the end of the study. At the first follow-up the patients showed different levels of symptom reduction. Reduction in the presence of leukocytes, vaginal mucosa burning and itching were statistically significant in the group treated with kanamycin with respect to the group treated with meclocycline. Moreover, there was also reduced isolation of Enterobacteriaeae (97%) in the group treated with kanamycin versus those treated with meclocycline (76%). At the second follow-up, vaginal homeostasis (normalization of pH and presence of lactobacilli) was more evident in the kanamycin-treated group. In conclusion, our data suggest that the topical use of kanamycin could be considered a specific antibiotic for the therapy of this new pathology.

POD experiments using real and simulated time-sharing observations for GEO satellites in C-band transfer ranging system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fen, Cao; XuHai, Yang; ZhiGang, Li; ChuGang, Feng

2016-08-01

The normal consecutive observing model in Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS) can only supply observations of one GEO satellite in 1 day from one station. However, this can't satisfy the project need for observing many GEO satellites in 1 day. In order to obtain observations of several GEO satellites in 1 day like GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/BeiDou, the time-sharing observing model for GEO satellites in CAPS needs research. The principle of time-sharing observing model is illuminated with subsequent Precise Orbit Determination (POD) experiments using simulated time-sharing observations in 2005 and the real time-sharing observations in 2015. From time-sharing simulation experiments before 2014, the time-sharing observing 6 GEO satellites every 2 h has nearly the same orbit precision with the consecutive observing model. From POD experiments using the real time-sharing observations, POD precision for ZX12# and Yatai7# are about 3.234 m and 2.570 m, respectively, which indicates the time-sharing observing model is appropriate for CBTR system and can realize observing many GEO satellites in 1 day.

Effect of apitherapy in piglets with preweaning diarrhea.

PubMed

Choi, Seok Hwa; Cho, Seong Koo; Kang, Seong Soo; Bae, Chun Sik; Bai, Young Hoon; Lee, Seung Hoo; Pak, Sok Cheon

2003-01-01

This study was designed to examine the therapeutic effect of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) venom in piglets with bacterial diarrhea Comparison between bee venom- and drug-treated groups was our main concern in the present study. Preweaning piglets were assigned to treated and non-treated control groups. In the treated group, 47 piglets were acupunctured with the worker honeybee once a day for three consecutive days. Two acupoints, GV-1 (Jiao-chao) and ST-25 (Hai-men), were selected for apitherapy. In the control group, 44 piglets were intramuscularly injected with a standard dose of a known antibacterial drug, colistin sulfate (300,000 IU/kg of body weight), and an antidiarrheal drug (berberine, 2 ml/kg) once a day for three consecutive days. At post-treatment, 90.9% of the control piglets and 93.6% of piglets in the treated group recovered from bacterial diarrhea. Bee acupuncture therapy did not show any side effects such as allergy, intoxication, hemorrhage or infection. It is concluded that bee venom therapy was effective in controlling bacterial diarrhea in preweaning piglets.

48 CFR 52.247-66 - Returnable Cylinders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... loaned without charge to the Government for a period of __ days [Contracting Officer shall insert number of days] (hereafter referred to as loan period) following the day of delivery to the f.o.b. point... beginning with the first day after the loan period expires, to and including the day the cylinders are...

Thirteen Hundred and Thirty Days. A Pilot Study of Teacher Time in Key Stage 1. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Campbell, R. J.; Neill, S. St. J.

Ninety-five teachers in Key Stage 1 in England and Wales completed a questionnaire and records of time spent on work over a period of 14 consecutive days, resulting in detailed records of 1,330 days of teachers' time. The data are analyzed in terms of overall time spent on work; time distribution; and time spent specifically on teaching,…

The Effect of Cold Showering on Health and Work: A Randomized Controlled Trial

PubMed Central

Sierevelt, Inger N.; van der Heijden, Bas C. J. M.; Dijkgraaf, Marcel G.; Frings-Dresen, Monique H. W.

2016-01-01

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the cumulative effect of a routine (hot-to-) cold shower on sickness, quality of life and work productivity. Methods Between January and March 2015, 3018 participants between 18 and 65 years without severe comorbidity and no routine experience of cold showering were randomized (1:1:1:1) to a (hot-to-) cold shower for 30, 60, 90 seconds or a control group during 30 consecutive days followed by 60 days of showering cold at their own discretion for the intervention groups. The primary outcome was illness days and related sickness absence from work. Secondary outcomes were quality of life, work productivity, anxiety, thermal sensation and adverse reactions. Results 79% of participants in the interventions groups completed the 30 consecutive days protocol. A negative binomial regression model showed a 29% reduction in sickness absence for (hot-to-) cold shower regimen compared to the control group (incident rate ratio: 0.71, P = 0.003). For illness days there was no significant group effect. No related serious advents events were reported. Conclusion A routine (hot-to-) cold shower resulted in a statistical reduction of self-reported sickness absence but not illness days in adults without severe comorbidity. Trial Registration Netherlands National Trial Register NTR5183 PMID:27631616

Expressing breast milk at home for 24-h periods provides viable samples for macronutrient analysis.

PubMed

Anderssen, Sven-Harald; Løvlund, Emma E; Nygaard, Egil A; Selberg, Terje R; Størdal, Ketil

2015-01-01

This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of macronutrient measurements of domestic pooled human milk from mothers with preterm infants and to see how the results affected human milk fortifications. We asked 28 new mothers to express their breast milk for 24 h on two consecutive days and repeat the process at weekly intervals. The samples were analysed using mid-infrared technology to calculate the differences between the milk collected on two consecutive days for reproducibility and the total protein supply with standard fortification. There was a significant linear correlation between the two consecutive days with regard to protein (r = 0.94, p < 0.001), lipids (r = 0.86, p < 0.001), lactose (r = 0.91, p < 0.001) and 24-h volume (r = 0.96, p < 0.001). The percentage of the samples that would provide a protein supply of 3.5-4.5 g/kg/d with a fortification of 0.6 and 1.2 g protein/100 mL at a volume of 170 mL/kg were 28% and 41%, respectively. The domestic pooling of 24-h expressed human milk for macronutrient analysis was a simple and reliable way of obtaining representative data. Standard fortification implies there is a risk of under- and over-nutrition, and individual fortification may improve the nutrition of preterm infants. ©2014 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

21 CFR 529.2464 - Ticarcillin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Specifications. Each vial contains ticarcillin disodium powder equivalent to 6 grams of ticarcillin for... 6 grams daily by intrauterine infusion for 3 consecutive days during estrus. (2) Indications for use...

21 CFR 558.450 - Oxytetracycline.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Lobsters: For control of gaffkemia caused by Aerococcus viridans. Administer as sole ration for 5 consecutive days; withdraw medicated feed 30 d before harvesting lobsters. 066104 (6) Oxytetracycline may be...

21 CFR 558.450 - Oxytetracycline.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Lobsters: For control of gaffkemia caused by Aerococcus viridans. Administer as sole ration for 5 consecutive days; withdraw medicated feed 30 d before harvesting lobsters. 066104 (6) Oxytetracycline may be...

The Effects of Exhaustive Exercise on Thermoregulatory Fatigue During Cold Exposure

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-04-01

exercise routine for days 1-7 consisted of the following activities each day: running & sprinting (hiking substituted on D3 & D7), weightlifting ...ergometry, and an anaerobic power test. Subjects ran 4.8 km at their personal best and sprinted 800 m three consecutive times. Weightlifting consisted of one... injury on Day 5 and did not participate in the Day 7 cold exposure. The main reasons for not completing all 6 hours during CW included hip flexor

Effect of natural sunlight on adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion in man.

PubMed

Tatár, P; Tureceková, A

1987-08-01

Sympathoadrenal activity was evaluated in 6 healthy subjects by excretory rate of adrenaline and noradrenaline in 6 hour samples of urine throughout three consecutive days. Subjects were exposed to natural sunlight for 4 hours on the second day of experiment, the first and third days served for control measurements. Sunbath caused erythema in all subjects and it had no impact adrenaline on excretion. However, significantly higher no radrenalineexcretion was present during 6 hours after exposition to sunshine when compared to control days.

22 CFR 521.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... hereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

40 CFR 27.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

15 CFR 25.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

22 CFR 521.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... hereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

15 CFR 25.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

22 CFR 521.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... hereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

40 CFR 27.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

28 CFR 71.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

22 CFR 521.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... hereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

40 CFR 27.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

15 CFR 25.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

28 CFR 71.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

15 CFR 25.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

15 CFR 25.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

40 CFR 27.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

28 CFR 71.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

28 CFR 71.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

28 CFR 71.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

22 CFR 521.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... hereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

40 CFR 27.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

Myth or Truth: Independence Day.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gardner, Traci

Most Americans think of the Fourth of July as Independence Day, but is it really the day the U.S. declared and celebrated independence? By exploring myths and truths surrounding Independence Day, this lesson asks students to think critically about commonly believed stories regarding the beginning of the Revolutionary War and the Independence Day…

Histological study of the gastrointestinal tract in longfin yellowtail (Seriola rivoliana) larvae.

PubMed

Teles, Andressa; Salas-Leiva, Joan; Alvarez-González, Carlos Alfonso; Gisbert, Enric; Ibarra-Castro, Leonardo; Urbiola, Juan Carlos Pérez; Tovar-Ramírez, Dariel

2017-12-01

This work contributes basic knowledge on larval development of Seriola rivoliana. A histological study describes the development of the digestive tract and accessory glands in S. rivoliana larvae reared under laboratory conditions at 24 °C from hatching to 30 days post-hatching (DPH). At hatching (2.6 ± 0.12 mm), larvae had an undifferentiated digestive tract with a closed straight tube and a large yolk sac with an oil globule. The liver and pancreas were observed at 1 and 2 days, and the mouth and anus opened at day 2. Enriched rotifers were visible in their digestive tract. At the beginning of the pre-flexion stage, a mixed nutritional period was observed. At day 3, exogenous feeding began; the digestive tract became differentiated into the buccopharynx, esophagus, an undifferentiated stomach, and the intestines. Zymogen granules were visible in the exocrine pancreas. At day 4, supranuclear vacuoles were present in the posterior intestine, indicating the beginning of intracellular digestion. At day 5, goblet cells were present in the esophagus and became functional at day 7 in the esophagus and intestine. The buccopharynx goblet cells developed at day 15. The presence of gastric glands and differentiation of the stomach in the fundic, cardiac, and pyloric regions during the post-flexion stage occurred at day 20. This was the onset of the juvenile period and the beginning of weaning; however, a long co-feeding phase is recommended. Pyloric caeca were observed at day 30 (13.6 ± 1.6 mm). These results provide valuable information on S. rivoliana larvae biology and digestive physiology, which should be useful to improve cultivation techniques and identify ecological features involved in ontogeny.

29 CFR 4000.43 - How do I compute a time period?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... measured from January 29 ends on the last day of February (the 28th or 29th). (d) Examples—(1) Counting... counting forwards or backwards, the day after (or before) the act, event, or default that begins the period is day one, the next day is day two, and so on. Count all days, including weekends and Federal...

JPL-20180131-EXPLORs-0001- 60th Anniversary Explorer 1 The Beginning of the US Space Program

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-31

Flashback to Jan. 31, 1958, the day a rocket carrying a javelin-shaped satellite took flight into space. Explorer 1 was America's first satellite. Here's a look back at the beginning of the Space Age.

Intra-Seasonal Variability of Climate and Peasant Perception of Climate Change in Massili Basin in Burkina Faso.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kabore Bontogho, P. E.

2014-12-01

Knowledge of climate variability is relevant and challenging for farmers, decision makers and population in general. Ninety percent of Burkina Faso active population is engaged in agriculture and livestock, which accounts for 39% of gross domestic product. Located between the coordinates 1o15'-1o55' West and 12o17'- 12o50'North, Massili basin includes Ouagadougou the capital and has four dams, of which the most important dam, Loumbila is used for the capital water supply and irrigation. A change of climate may affect the water resources most likely limit the access to safe water. In order to characterize Massili basin climate variability, daily temperature and precipitation over 1960 to 2012 was analyzed using long-term records from the Ouagadougou synoptic station. By applying R-climdex and instat tools, indices were calculated by a consistent approach recommended by the World Meteorological Organization Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices. The precipitation parameters computed were: the maximum 5-day precipitationamount; the number of days with precipitation amount ≥50 mm ; the maximum precipitation amount in consecutive wet days with RR≥ 1mm; the consecutives dry days;the extremely wet days ; the extreme precipitation in one day, the total precipitation in wet days; the temperature indices computed were : the maximum of the maximum daily temperature, the minimum of daily maximum temperature,the minimum of daily minimum temperature,the cold spell duration indices and the warm spell duration indicator. Results show a slight increase of the maximum 5-day precipitation, maximum precipitation amount in consecutive wet days with RR≥1mm, the onset delayed and the cessation is earlier meaning that the rainfall period is shortening. The total precipitationwas decreased in the basin but there is a slight increase in the occurrence of extremely wet days. CSDI is decreasing while warm spell duration indices are increasing. In parallel of the data analysis, a survey of 200 peasant spread within 20 villages was done to assess their perception on climate change. Farmers perception corroborate with the above results as their majority describes climate change as decrease of rainfall (79%) and increase of temperature (99%). In addition, all farmers agreed that more floods are occurring.

Concomitant external pneumatic compression treatment with consecutive days of high intensity interval training reduces markers of proteolysis.

PubMed

Haun, Cody T; Roberts, Michael D; Romero, Matthew A; Osburn, Shelby C; Healy, James C; Moore, Angelique N; Mobley, Christopher B; Roberson, Paul A; Kephart, Wesley C; Mumford, Petey W; Goodlett, Michael D; Pascoe, David D; Martin, Jeffrey S

2017-12-01

To compare the effects of external pneumatic compression (EPC) and sham when used concurrently with high intensity interval training (HIIT) on performance-related outcomes and recovery-related molecular measures. Eighteen recreationally endurance-trained male participants (age: 21.6 ± 2.4 years, BMI: 25.7 ± 0.5 kg/m 2 , VO 2peak : 51.3 ± 0.9 mL/kg/min) were randomized to balanced sham and EPC treatment groups. Three consecutive days of HIIT followed by EPC/sham treatment (Days 2-4) and 3 consecutive days of recovery (Days 5-7) with EPC/sham only on Days 5-6 were employed. Venipuncture, flexibility and pressure-to-pain threshold (PPT) measurements were made throughout. Vastus lateralis muscle was biopsied at PRE (i.e., Day 1), 1-h post-EPC/sham treatment on Day 2 (POST1), and 24-h post-EPC/sham treatment on Day 7 (POST2). 6-km run time trial performance was tested at PRE and POST2. No group × time interaction was observed for flexibility, PPT, or serum measures of creatine kinase (CK), hsCRP, and 8-isoprostane. However, there was a main effect of time for serum CK (p = 0.005). Change from PRE in 6-km run times at POST2 were not significantly different between groups. Significant between-groups differences existed for change from PRE in atrogin-1 mRNA (p = 0.018) at the POST1 time point (EPC: - 19.7 ± 8.1%, sham: + 7.7 ± 5.9%) and atrogin-1 protein concentration (p = 0.013) at the POST2 time point (EPC: - 31.8 ± 7.5%, sham: + 96.0 ± 34.7%). In addition, change from PRE in poly-Ub proteins was significantly different between groups at both the POST1 (EPC: - 26.0 ± 10.3%, sham: + 34.8 ± 28.5%; p = 0.046) and POST2 (EPC: - 33.7 ± 17.2%, sham: + 21.4 ± 14.9%; p = 0.037) time points. EPC when used concurrently with HIIT and in subsequent recovery days reduces skeletal muscle markers of proteolysis.

Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty: the learning curve.

PubMed

Hill, Christine; El Zein, Mohamad; Agnihotri, Abhishek; Dunlap, Margo; Chang, Angela; Agrawal, Alison; Barola, Sindhu; Ngamruengphong, Saowanee; Chen, Yen-I; Kalloo, Anthony N; Khashab, Mouen A; Kumbhari, Vivek

2017-09-01

 Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is gaining traction as a minimally invasive bariatric treatment. Concern that the learning curve may be slow, even among those proficient in endoscopic suturing, is a barrier to widespread implementation of the procedure. Therefore, we aimed to define the learning curve for ESG in a single endoscopist experienced in endoscopic suturing who participated in a 1-day ESG training program.  Consecutive patients who underwent ESG between February 2016 and November 2016 were included. The performing endoscopist, who is proficient in endoscopic suturing for non-ESG procedures, participated in a 1-day ESG training session before offering ESG to patients. The outcome measurements were length of procedure (LOP) and number of plications per procedure. Nonlinear regression was used to determine the learning plateau and calculate the learning rate.  Twenty-one consecutive patients (8 males), with mean age 47.7 ± 11.2 years and mean body mass index 41.8 ± 8.5 kg/m 2 underwent ESG. LOP decreased significantly across consecutive procedures, with a learning plateau at 101.5 minutes and a learning rate of 7 cases ( P  = 0.04). The number of plications per procedure also decreased significantly across consecutive procedures, with a plateau at 8 sutures and a learning rate of 9 cases ( P  < 0.001). Further, the average time per plication decreased significantly with consecutive procedures, reaching a plateau at 9 procedures ( P  < 0.001).  Endoscopists experienced in endoscopic suturing are expected to achieve a reduction in LOP and number of plications per procedure in successive cases, with progress plateauing at 7 and 9 cases, respectively.

Associations between number of consecutive night shifts and impairment of neurobehavioral performance during a subsequent simulated night shift.

PubMed

Magee, Michelle; Sletten, Tracey L; Ferguson, Sally A; Grunstein, Ronald R; Anderson, Clare; Kennaway, David J; Lockley, Steven W; Rajaratnam, Shantha Mw

2016-05-01

This study aimed to investigate sleep and circadian phase in the relationships between neurobehavioral performance and the number of consecutive shifts worked. Thirty-four shift workers [20 men, mean age 31.8 (SD 10.9) years] worked 2-7 consecutive night shifts immediately prior to a laboratory-based, simulated night shift. For 7 days prior, participants worked their usual shift sequence, and sleep was assessed with logs and actigraphy. Participants completed a 10-minute auditory psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) at the start (~21:00 hours) and end (~07:00 hours) of the simulated night shift. Mean reaction times (RT), number of lapses and RT distribution was compared between those who worked 2-3 consecutive night shifts versus those who worked 4-7 shifts. Following 4-7 shifts, night shift workers had significantly longer mean RT at the start and end of shift, compared to those who worked 2-3 shifts. The slowest and fastest 10% RT were significantly slower at the start, but not end, of shift among participants who worked 4-7 nights. Those working 4-7 nights also demonstrated a broader RT distribution at the start and end of shift and had significantly slower RT based on cumulative distribution analysis (5 (th), 25 (th), 50 (th), 75 (th)percentiles at the start of shift; 75th percentile at the end of shift). No group differences in sleep parameters were found for 7 days and 24 hours prior to the simulated night shift. A greater number of consecutive night shifts has a negative impact on neurobehavioral performance, likely due to cognitive slowing.

Repeatability and sensitivity of high resolution blood volume mapping in mouse kidney disease.

PubMed

Wang, Feng; Jiang, Rosie T; Tantawy, Mohammed Noor; Borza, Dorin B; Takahashi, Keiko; Gore, John C; Harris, Raymond C; Takahashi, Takamune; Quarles, C Chad

2014-04-01

To evaluate the repeatability of MRI-derived relative blood volume (RBV) measurements in mouse kidneys across subjects and days and to evaluate sensitivity of this approach to renal pathology. A 7 Tesla MRI system and an intravascular iron-oxide contrast agent were used to acquire spin-echo-based renal RBV maps in 10 healthy mice on 2 consecutive days. Renal RBV maps were also acquired in the Alport and unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse models of renal disease. The average renal RBV measured on consecutive days was 19.97 ± 1.50 and 19.86 ± 1.62, yielding a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.94, indicating that this approach is highly repeatable. In the disease models, the RBV values were regionally dissimilar and substantially lower than those found in control mice. In vivo renal iron-oxide-based RBV mapping in mice complements the physiological information obtained from conventional assays of kidney function and could shed new insights into the pathological mechanisms of kidney disease. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

On the representativeness of behavior observation samples in classrooms.

PubMed

Tiger, Jeffrey H; Miller, Sarah J; Mevers, Joanna Lomas; Mintz, Joslyn Cynkus; Scheithauer, Mindy C; Alvarez, Jessica

2013-01-01

School consultants who rely on direct observation typically conduct observational samples (e.g., 1 30-min observation per day) with the hopes that the sample is representative of performance during the remainder of the day, but the representativeness of these samples is unclear. In the current study, we recorded the problem behavior of 3 referred students for 4 consecutive school days between 9:30 a.m. and 2:30 p.m. using duration recording in consecutive 10-min sessions. We then culled 10-min, 20-min, 30-min, and 60-min observations from the complete record and compared these observations to the true daily mean to assess their accuracy (i.e., how well individual observations represented the daily occurrence of target behaviors). The results indicated that when behavior occurred with low variability, the majority of brief observations were representative of the overall levels; however, when behavior occurred with greater variability, even 60-min observations did not accurately capture the true levels of behavior. © Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.

20 CFR 655.735 - What are the special provisions for short-term placement of H-1B nonimmigrants at place(s) of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) as that of the H-1B nonimmigrant(s). (3) For every day the H-1B nonimmigrant(s) is placed or assigned... term workday shall mean any day on which an H-1B nonimmigrant performs any work at any worksite(s... a nonimmigrant works three non-consecutive days at three different worksites (whether or not the...

33 CFR 117.35 - Temporary change to a drawbridge operating schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... District Commander for approval of the change. (2) The request must describe the reason for the closure and... receipt of the request. If the request is denied, the reasons for the denial will be set out in the... broken into separate time periods on the same day or on consecutive days, the drawbridge must provide...

78 FR 54481 - Alaska Native Claims Selection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-04

... FIRS is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, to leave a message or question with the BLM. The BLM... a week for four consecutive weeks in the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. DATES: Any party claiming a... requirements of 43 CFR part 4 within the following time limits: 1. Unknown parties, parties unable to be...

PRENATAL WINDOW OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE-INDUCED NEONATAL MORTALITY IN THE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RAT

EPA Science Inventory

Abstract
The critical period for increased neonatal mortality induced by PFOS exposure was evaluated in the rat . Timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by oral gavage with 25 mg/kg/d PFOS/K+ on four consecutive days during gestation (gestation days (GD) 2-5, 6-9, 1...

40 CFR 406.45 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GRAIN MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Bulgur Wheat Flour Milling Subcategory... limitations Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kilograms per 1,000 kg of wheat) BOD5 0.015 0.005 TSS 0.0099 .0033 pH (1) (1) English units...

40 CFR 406.45 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GRAIN MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Bulgur Wheat Flour Milling Subcategory... limitations Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kilograms per 1,000 kg of wheat) BOD5 0.015 0.005 TSS 0.0099 .0033 pH (1) (1) English units...

40 CFR 406.65 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GRAIN MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Parboiled Rice Processing Subcategory... limitations Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kilograms per 1,000 kg of rice) BOD5 0.21 0.07 TSS 0.09 .03 pH (1) (1) English units (pounds per...

40 CFR 406.65 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GRAIN MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Parboiled Rice Processing Subcategory... limitations Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kilograms per 1,000 kg of rice) BOD5 0.21 0.07 TSS 0.09 .03 pH (1) (1) English units (pounds per...

40 CFR 406.45 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GRAIN MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Bulgur Wheat Flour Milling Subcategory... limitations Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kilograms per 1,000 kg of wheat) BOD5 0.015 0.005 TSS 0.0099 .0033 pH (1) (1) English units...

40 CFR 406.65 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GRAIN MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Parboiled Rice Processing Subcategory... limitations Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kilograms per 1,000 kg of rice) BOD5 0.21 0.07 TSS 0.09 .03 pH (1) (1) English units (pounds per...

40 CFR 406.45 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GRAIN MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Bulgur Wheat Flour Milling Subcategory... limitations Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Metric units (kilograms per 1,000 kg of wheat) BOD5 0.015 0.005 TSS 0.0099 .0033 pH (1) (1) English units...

34 CFR 300.536 - Change of placement because of disciplinary removals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... consecutive school days; or (2) The child has been subjected to a series of removals that constitute a pattern— (i) Because the series of removals total more than 10 school days in a school year; (ii) Because the... the series of removals; and (iii) Because of such additional factors as the length of each removal...

34 CFR 300.536 - Change of placement because of disciplinary removals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... consecutive school days; or (2) The child has been subjected to a series of removals that constitute a pattern— (i) Because the series of removals total more than 10 school days in a school year; (ii) Because the... the series of removals; and (iii) Because of such additional factors as the length of each removal...

34 CFR 300.536 - Change of placement because of disciplinary removals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... consecutive school days; or (2) The child has been subjected to a series of removals that constitute a pattern— (i) Because the series of removals total more than 10 school days in a school year; (ii) Because the... the series of removals; and (iii) Because of such additional factors as the length of each removal...

34 CFR 300.536 - Change of placement because of disciplinary removals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... consecutive school days; or (2) The child has been subjected to a series of removals that constitute a pattern— (i) Because the series of removals total more than 10 school days in a school year; (ii) Because the... the series of removals; and (iii) Because of such additional factors as the length of each removal...

34 CFR 300.536 - Change of placement because of disciplinary removals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... consecutive school days; or (2) The child has been subjected to a series of removals that constitute a pattern— (i) Because the series of removals total more than 10 school days in a school year; (ii) Because the... the series of removals; and (iii) Because of such additional factors as the length of each removal...

STS-79 Flight Day 5

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

On this fifth day of the STS-79 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. William F. Readdy, Pilot Terrence W. Wilcutt, Mission Specialists, Thomas D. Akers, Shannon Lucid, Jay Apt, and Carl E. Walz, in the first full day of joint Shuttle/Mir operations begin in with the transfer of a biotechnology investigation and logistical supplies from Atlantis to Mir. The Biotechnology System, an investigation that will study the long-term development of cartilage cells in microgravity, was transported to Mir early this morning. During his planned four-month stay on Mir, John Blaha will take weekly samples of the culture which may provide researchers with information on engineering cartilage cells for possible use in transplantation. They also took time out of their schedules to talk with Good Morning America's Elizabeth Vargas in a brief interview. Prior to beginning the day's transfer activities, all nine astronauts and cosmonauts participated in a joint planning session to outline the day's schedule.

6 CFR 13.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... States mail, an additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any responses. ...

6 CFR 13.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... States mail, an additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any responses. ...

6 CFR 13.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... States mail, an additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any responses. ...

6 CFR 13.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less than seven... States mail, an additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any responses. ...

45 CFR 32.8 - Amounts withheld.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) of this section, or (ii) An amount equal to 25% of the debtor's disposable pay less the amount(s... first pay day after the employer receives the order. However, if the first pay day is within 10 days after receipt of the order, the employer may begin deductions on the second pay day. (k) An employer may...

42 CFR 436.122 - Pregnant women eligible for extended coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... period following termination of pregnancy to women who, while pregnant, applied for, were eligible for, and received Medicaid services on the day that their pregnancy ends. This period extends from the last day of pregnancy through the end of the month in which a 60-day period, beginning on the last day of...

42 CFR 435.170 - Pregnant women eligible for extended coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... pregnancy to women who, while pregnant, applied for, were eligible for, and received Medicaid services on the day that their pregnancy ends. This period extends from the last day of pregnancy through the end of the month in which a 60-day period, beginning on the last day of the pregnancy, ends. Eligibility...

42 CFR 436.122 - Pregnant women eligible for extended coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... period following termination of pregnancy to women who, while pregnant, applied for, were eligible for, and received Medicaid services on the day that their pregnancy ends. This period extends from the last day of pregnancy through the end of the month in which a 60-day period, beginning on the last day of...

42 CFR 435.170 - Pregnant women eligible for extended coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... pregnancy to women who, while pregnant, applied for, were eligible for, and received Medicaid services on the day that their pregnancy ends. This period extends from the last day of pregnancy through the end of the month in which a 60-day period, beginning on the last day of the pregnancy, ends. Eligibility...

42 CFR 435.170 - Pregnant women eligible for extended coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... pregnancy to women who, while pregnant, applied for, were eligible for, and received Medicaid services on the day that their pregnancy ends. This period extends from the last day of pregnancy through the end of the month in which a 60-day period, beginning on the last day of the pregnancy, ends. Eligibility...

42 CFR 436.122 - Pregnant women eligible for extended coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... period following termination of pregnancy to women who, while pregnant, applied for, were eligible for, and received Medicaid services on the day that their pregnancy ends. This period extends from the last day of pregnancy through the end of the month in which a 60-day period, beginning on the last day of...

42 CFR 436.122 - Pregnant women eligible for extended coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... period following termination of pregnancy to women who, while pregnant, applied for, were eligible for, and received Medicaid services on the day that their pregnancy ends. This period extends from the last day of pregnancy through the end of the month in which a 60-day period, beginning on the last day of...

42 CFR 436.122 - Pregnant women eligible for extended coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... period following termination of pregnancy to women who, while pregnant, applied for, were eligible for, and received Medicaid services on the day that their pregnancy ends. This period extends from the last day of pregnancy through the end of the month in which a 60-day period, beginning on the last day of...

42 CFR 409.65 - Lifetime reserve days.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... HOSPITAL INSURANCE BENEFITS Scope of Hospital Insurance Benefits § 409.65 Lifetime reserve days. (a... private insurance coverage that begins after the first 90 inpatient days in a benefit period, or if the... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Lifetime reserve days. 409.65 Section 409.65 Public...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fedorova, T.A.; Babarin, P.M.

A sharp drop of uric acid in the urine of irradiated rats begins on the second day afier exposure, and a considerable increase of allantoin ( approximates 26%) was observed the next day sfter the exposure. (R.V.J.)

Trapping the Pasture Odorscape Using Open-Air Solid-Phase Micro Extraction, a Tool to Assess Grassland Value.

PubMed

Cornu, Agnès; Farruggia, Anne; Leppik, Ene; Pinier, Centina; Fournier, Florence; Genoud, David; Frérot, Brigitte

2015-01-01

Besides supporting cattle feeding, grasslands are home to a diversity of plants and insects that interact with each other by emitting volatile compounds. The aim of this work was to develop a method to determine permanent grassland odorscape and relate it to flower-visiting insects. Two grasslands were chosen for their contrasting levels of botanical diversity, resulting from differing grazing managements. Measurements were made over two periods of three consecutive days at the beginning of grazing, and just after the cows had left the plots. Volatile compounds were trapped using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers exposed eight hours a day in three exclosures per plot, and then analyzed by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Insects were trapped using pan traps and a net, sorted and counted. The open air SPME method yielded volatile compound profiles that were richer than maize field profiles, comprising the common green leaf volatiles (GLV) and more specific ones. Differences between the odorscapes of the two grasslands were found, but they were not as marked as expected from their botanical composition. By contrast, there were sharp differences between the two periods, resulting from the combined effects of changes in weather conditions, plant phenological stage and grazing progress. Several correlations between insect counts and volatile compounds were found. Although their correlation coefficients were low, some of them were confirmed when tested by Spearman rank correlation, and could be logically explained. This method of grassland odorscape deserves to be developed because it can provide information on many aspects of grassland function and on the stresses that grassland plants undergo.

Disease behaviours of sows naturally infected with Taenia solium in Tanzania.

PubMed

Trevisan, Chiara; Johansen, Maria Vang; Mkupasi, Ernatus Martin; Ngowi, Helena Aminel; Forkman, Björn

2017-02-15

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a disease caused by the zoonotic parasite Taenia solium lodging in the central nervous system. Both humans and pigs can get NCC. The impact of the disease in pigs has so far been little explored. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of NCC on social and feeding behaviours as well as the pattern of activity as indicators of reduced welfare in naturally infected sows. In total 13 T. solium naturally infected and 15 non-infected control sows were videotaped for 2 consecutive weeks using close circuit television cameras at research facilities at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. Videos were analysed at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the 2 week recording period. For each time point, videos were analysed during feeding, while the enrichment was provided, and by recording every half an hour the sows' behaviours performed over the course of a whole day. Sows with NCC spent significantly less time at the feeding trough, especially during the second half of the feeding period. Infected sows were also more passive e.g. lying and standing still significantly more during a whole day period and showed social isolation compared to non-infected control sows by performing behaviours more distant to their nearest neighbour. Results of this study indicated that NCC changed the behaviour of infected sows. The behavioural changes are indicative of decreased welfare. Efforts to reinforce the animal welfare aspect are needed as this has so far been neglected. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

250 Robotic Pancreatic Resections: Safety and Feasibility

PubMed Central

Zureikat, Amer H.; Moser, A. James; Boone, Brian A.; Bartlett, David L.; Zenati, Mazen; Zeh, Herbert J.

2015-01-01

Background and Objectives Computer Assisted Robotic Surgery allows complex resections and anastomotic reconstructions to be performed with nearly identical standards to open surgery. We applied this technology to a variety of pancreatic resections to assess the safety, feasibility, versatility and reliability of this technology. Methods A retrospective review of a prospective database of robotic pancreatic resections at a single institution between August 2008 and November 2012 was performed. Peri-operative outcomes were analyzed. Results 250 consecutive robotic pancreatic resections were analyzed; pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD =132), distal pancreatectomy (DP=83), central pancreatectomy (CP=13), pancreatic enucleation (10), total pancreatectomy (TP=5), Appleby resection (4), and Frey procedure (3). Thirty day and 90 day mortality was 0.8 % and 2.0%. Rate of Clavien 3 and 4 complications was 14 and 6 %. The ISGPF grade C fistula rate was 4%. Mean operative time for the two most common procedures was 529 ± 103 mins for PD, and 257 ± 93 mins for DP. Continuous improvement in operative times was observed over the course of the experience. Conversion to open procedure was required in 16 patients (6%);(11 PD, 2 DP, 2 CP, 1 TP) for failure to progress (14) and bleeding (2). Conclusions This represents to our knowledge the largest series of robotic pancreatic resections. Safety and feasibility metrics including the low incidence of conversion support the robustness of this platform and suggest no unanticipated risks inherent to this new technology. By defining these early outcome metrics this report begins to establish a framework for comparative effectiveness studies of this platform. PMID:24002300

Influence of gestational diabetes on circadian rhythms of children and their association with fetal adiposity.

PubMed

Zornoza-Moreno, Matilde; Fuentes-Hernández, Silvia; Prieto-Sánchez, María T; Blanco, José E; Pagán, Ana; Rol, María-Ángeles; Parrilla, Juan J; Madrid, Juan A; Sánchez-Solis, Manuel; Larqué, Elvira

2013-09-01

To analyse the circadian rhythm maturation of temperature, activity and sleep during the first year of life in offspring of diabetic mothers (ODM) and its relationship with obesity markers. A prospective analysis of the children of 63 pregnant women (23 controls, 21 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) controlled with diet and 19 GDM with insulin). Fetal abdominal circumference was evaluated ecographically during gestation. Skin temperature and rest-activity rhythms were monitored for 3 consecutive days in children at 15 days and 1, 3 and 6 months. Anthropometrical parameters of the children were evaluated during the first year of life. Children from the GDM groups tended to higher fetal abdominal circumference z-score than controls at the beginning of the last trimester (p = 0.077) and at delivery (p = 0.078). Mean skin temperature or activity was not different among the groups. The I < O sleep index pointed to increasing concordance with parental sleeping at 3 and 6 months but no significant GDM-dependent differences. However, some of the parameters that define temperature maturation and also the circadian function index from the temperature-activity variable were significantly lower at 6 months in the GDM + insulin group. Fetal abdominal circumference z-score, as a predictor of fetal adiposity, correlated negatively with parameters related to circadian rhythm maturation as the circadian/ultradian rhythm (P1 /Pult ratio). Fetal adiposity correlated with a worse circadian rhythm regulation in ODM. In addition, ODM insulin-treated showed a disturbed pattern of the circadian function index of temperature activity at 6 months of age. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Neuropeptide Y - an early biomarker for cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

PubMed

Schebesch, Karl-Michael; Brawanski, Alexander; Bele, Sylvia; Schödel, Petra; Herbst, Andreas; Bründl, Elisabeth; Kagerbauer, Simone Maria; Martin, Jan; Lohmeier, Anette; Stoerr, Eva-Maria; Proescholdt, Martin

2013-12-01

In the human brain, the potent vasoconstrictive neuropeptide Y (NPY) is abundantly expressed. Neuropeptide Y, which is stored in perivascular nerve fibers of the cerebral arteries, regulates the cerebral vascular diameter as well as cerebral blood flow. However, the role of NPY in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm (CV) related to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is unclear. We prospectively analyzed and compared the release of endogenous NPY in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 66 patients with SAH to NPY release in a control group. Additionally, we correlated the levels of NPY with CV and consecutive ischemic stroke. Sixty-six consecutive patients (40 women, 26 men; mean age 53·1 years) with aneurysmal SAH were included. In the SAH group, CSF was drawn daily from day 1 to day 10 after the onset of SAH. The CSF of 29 patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for orthopedic surgery served as control samples. The NPY levels were determined in duplicate CSF samples by means of a competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The levels of NPY in CSF were correlated with the development of CV over the 10-day period after the onset of SAH and to the occurrence of consecutive ischemic stroke. To evaluate CSF NPY levels as a predictive biomarker for vasospasm, we calculated the sensitivity and specificity as well as the positive and negative predictive values. The NPY levels were significantly higher in the SAH group than in the control group (p < 0·001). The treatment modality (clip versus coil) did not influence the level of NPY in CSF (p > 0·05). Patients with CV showed significantly higher NPY levels than patients without CV during the entire observation period. The NPY levels of the non-CV group dissipated over time, whereas the CV group showed continuously increasing values. The NPY levels from day 4 to 10 were significantly higher in patients with CV-related stroke than in non-stroke patients. Using 0·3 ng/ml as a cut-off value, NPY levels on day 3 predicted the occurrence of CV with a sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 72%, respectively. High NPY levels, starting on day 4, significantly correlated with poor Glasgow Outcome Score grading at the follow-up (p < 0·05). Our data indicate that NPY is involved in the pathogenesis of SAH-related CV and ischemia. Neuropeptide Y represents an early and reliable biomarker for the prediction of CV and consecutive stroke due to aneurysmal SAH.

Evaluation of methodological aspects of digestibility measurements in ponies fed different haylage to concentrate ratios.

PubMed

Schaafstra, F J W C; van Doorn, D A; Schonewille, J T; van Riet, M M J; Visser, P; Blok, M C; Hendriks, W H

2017-11-01

Methodological aspects of digestibility measurements were studied in four Welsh pony geldings consuming haylage-based diets with increasing proportions of a pelleted concentrate according to a 4×4 Latin square design experiment. Ponies were fed four experimental, iso-energetic (net energy (NE) basis) diets (i.e. 22 MJ NE/day) with increasing proportions of a pelleted concentrate (C) in relation to haylage (H). The absolute amounts of diet dry matter fed per day were 4.48 kg of H (100H), 3.36 and 0.73 kg of H and C (75H25C), 2.24 and 1.45 kg of H and C (50H50C) and 1.12 and 2.17 kg of H and C (25H75C). Diets were supplemented with minerals, vitamins and TiO2 (3.7 g Ti/day). Voluntary voided faeces were quantitatively collected daily during 10 consecutive days and analysed for moisture, ash, ADL, acid-insoluble ash (AIA) and Ti. A minimum faeces collection period of 6 consecutive days, along with a 14-day period to adapt the animals to the diets and become accustomed to the collection procedure, is recommended to obtain accurate estimations on dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility (OMD) in equids fed haylage-based diets supplemented with concentrate. In addition, the recovery of AIA, ADL and Ti was determined and evaluated. Mean faecal recovery over 10 consecutive days across diets for AIA, ADL and Ti was 124.9% (SEM 2.9), 108.7% (SEM 2.0) and 97.5% (SEM 0.9), respectively. Cumulative faecal recovery of AIA significantly differed between treatments, indicating that AIA is inadequate to estimate the OMD in equines. In addition, evaluation of the CV of mean cumulative faecal recoveries obtained by AIA, ADL and Ti showed greater variations in faecal excretion of AIA (9.1) and ADL (7.4) than Ti (3.7). The accuracy of prediction of OMD was higher with the use of Ti than ADL. The use of Ti is preferred as a marker in digestibility trials in equines fed haylage-based diets supplemented with increasing amounts of pelleted concentrate.

Latanoprost-Eluting Contact Lenses in Glaucomatous Monkeys.

PubMed

Ciolino, Joseph B; Ross, Amy E; Tulsan, Rehka; Watts, Amy C; Wang, Rong-Fang; Zurakowski, David; Serle, Janet B; Kohane, Daniel S

2016-10-01

To assess the ability of latanoprost-eluting contact lenses to lower the intraocular pressure (IOP) of glaucomatous eyes of cynomolgus monkeys. Preclinical efficacy study of 3 treatment arms in a crossover design. Female cynomolgus monkeys with glaucoma induced in 1 eye by repeated argon laser trabeculoplasty. Latanoprost-eluting low-dose contact lenses (CLLO) and high-dose contact lenses (CLHI) were produced by encapsulating a thin latanoprost-polymer film within the periphery of a methafilcon hydrogel, which was lathed into a contact lens. We assessed the IOP-lowering effect of CLLO, CLHI, or daily latanoprost ophthalmic solution in the same monkeys. Each monkey consecutively received 1 week of continuous-wear CLLO, 3 weeks without treatment, 5 days of latanoprost drops, 3 weeks without treatment, and 1 week of continuous-wear CLHI. On 2 consecutive days before initiation of each study arm, the IOP was measured hourly over 7 consecutive hours to establish the baseline IOP. Two-tailed Student t tests and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Intraocular pressure. Latanoprost ophthalmic solution resulted in IOP reduction of 5.4±1.0 mmHg on day 3 and peak IOP reduction of 6.6±1.3 mmHg on day 5. The CLLO reduced IOP by 6.3±1.0, 6.7±0.3, and 6.7±0.3 mmHg on days 3, 5, and 8, respectively. The CLHI lowered IOP by 10.5±1.4, 11.1±4.0, and 10.0±2.5 mmHg on days 3, 5, and 8, respectively. For the CLLO and CLHI, the IOP was statistically significantly reduced compared with the untreated baseline at most time points measured. The CLHI demonstrated greater IOP reduction than latanoprost ophthalmic solution on day 3 (P = 0.001) and day 5 (P = 0.015), and at several time points on day 8 (P < 0.05). Sustained delivery of latanoprost by contact lenses is at least as effective as delivery with daily latanoprost ophthalmic solution. More research is needed to determine the optimal continuous-release dose that would be well tolerated and maximally effective. Contact lens drug delivery may become an option for the treatment of glaucoma and a platform for ocular drug delivery. Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Tethered balloon-based measurements of meteorological variables and aerosols

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sentell, R. J.; Storey, R. W.; Chang, J. J. C.; Jacobsen, S. J.

1976-01-01

Tethered balloon based measurements of the vertical distributions of temperature, humidity, wind speed, and aerosol concentrations were taken over a 4-hour period beginning at sunrise on June 29, 1976, at Wallops Island, Virginia. Twelve consecutive profiles of each variable were obtained from ground to about 500 meters. These measurements were in conjuction with a noise propagation study on remotely arrayed acoustic range (ROMAAR) at Wallops Flight Center. An organized listing of these vertical soundings is presented. The tethered balloon system configuration utilized for these measurements is described.

21 CFR 522.1315 - Maropitant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... dogs—(1) Amount. Administer 1.0 mg per kilogram body weight by subcutaneous injection once daily for up to 5 consecutive days. (2) Indications for use. For the prevention and treatment of acute vomiting...

21 CFR 522.1315 - Maropitant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... dogs—(1) Amount. Administer 1.0 mg per kilogram body weight by subcutaneous injection once daily for up to 5 consecutive days. (2) Indications for use. For the prevention and treatment of acute vomiting...

21 CFR 522.1315 - Maropitant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... dogs—(1) Amount. Administer 1.0 mg per kilogram body weight by subcutaneous injection once daily for up to 5 consecutive days. (2) Indications for use. For the prevention and treatment of acute vomiting...

Does Postoperative Erythropoietin Reduce Transfusions and Hemodynamic Instability Following Liposuction, Either Alone or Associated with Abdominoplasty or Mammaplasty? A Comparative, Prospective Study of 50 Consecutive Patients.

PubMed

Rosique, Rodrigo G; Rosique, Marina J F; Rabelo, Mariana Quintino

2017-02-01

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hematopoietic growth factor and an alternative to avoid blood transfusion in high-blood-loss surgeries. We evaluate EPO efficacy to reduce clinically relevant anemia and dehydration in patients undergoing liposuction. We prospectively evaluated 50 consecutive patients subjected to liposuction greater than 2.5 L and alternately assigned into two comparable groups (25 patients each), except for the postoperative administration of erythropoietin (4000 UI per day subcutaneously) during five consecutive days. Incidence data for blood transfusion or parenteral hydration were collected. Statistical analyses were performed with significance at p value <5%. There was no significant difference between groups related to any preoperative feature or the incidence of dehydration (p = 0.1099) or transfusion (p = 1.0). Postoperative erythropoietin administration was not effective in preventing blood transfusion for anemia or parenteral hydration for hemodynamic instability in patients undergoing major liposuction. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors http://www.springer.com/00266.

Lack of energy compensation over 4 days when white button mushrooms are substituted for beef.

PubMed

Cheskin, Lawrence J; Davis, Lisa M; Lipsky, Leah M; Mitola, Andrea H; Lycan, Thomas; Mitchell, Vanessa; Mickle, Brooke; Adkins, Emily

2008-07-01

Increasing intake of low energy density (ED) foods in place of high ED foods has been proposed as a strategy for preventing or treating obesity. This study investigated how substituting mushrooms for beef in a test lunch affected energy intake, fat intake, palatability, appetite, satiation and satiety in normal weight, overweight and obese adults. Each subject consumed a total of eight test lunches in our lab over two consecutive weeks. The order of presentation of four consecutive meat lunches and four consecutive mushroom lunches was randomized. Energy content of meat and mushroom lunches varied (783 kcal versus 339 kcal), while volume was held constant. Energy intakes were significantly higher during meat lunches than mushroom lunches (730+/-7.9 kcal versus 310+/-5.8 kcal). Subjects exhibited only partial compensation (11.4+/-12.0%) for this difference over 4 days. Total daily energy intake and fat intake were significantly greater in the meat condition than in the mushroom condition, while ratings of palatability, appetite, satiation and satiety did not differ significantly. These results suggest that substituting low ED foods for high ED foods in otherwise similar recipes can be an effective method for reducing daily energy and fat intake.

The effects of consecutive night shifts and shift length on cognitive performance and sleepiness: a field study.

PubMed

Haidarimoghadam, Rashid; Kazemi, Reza; Motamedzadeh, Majid; Golmohamadi, Rostam; Soltanian, Alireza; Zoghipaydar, Mohamad Reza

2017-06-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of consecutive night shifts (CNS) and shift length on cognitive performance and sleepiness. This study evaluated the sleepiness and performance of 30 control room operators (CROs) working in 7 nights, 7 days, 7 days off (7N7D7O) and 30 CROs working in 4 nights, 7 days, 3 nights, 7 days off (4N7D3N7O) shift patterns in a petrochemical complex on the last night shift before swinging into the day shift. To assess cognitive performance, the n-back test, continuous performance test and simple reaction time test were employed. To assess sleepiness, the Karolinska sleepiness scale was used. Both schedules indicated that the correct responses and response times of working memory were reduced (p = 0.001), while intentional errors and sleepiness increased during the shift work (p = 0.001). CNS had a significant impact on reaction time and commission errors (p = 0.001). The main duty of CROs at a petrochemical plant is checking hazardous processes which require appropriate alertness and cognitive performance. As a result, planning for appropriate working hours and suitable number of CNS in a rotating shift system is a contribution to improving CRO performance and enhancing safety.

Efficacy and safety of a transdermal contraceptive system.

PubMed

Smallwood, G H; Meador, M L; Lenihan, J P; Shangold, G A; Fisher, A C; Creasy, G W

2001-11-01

To evaluate the efficacy, cycle control, compliance, and safety of a transdermal contraceptive system that delivers norelgestromin 150 microg and ethinyl estradiol 20 microg daily. In this open-label, 73-center study, 1672 healthy, ovulatory, sexually active women received ORTHO EVRA/EVRA for six (n = 1171) or 13 cycles (n = 501). The treatment regimen for each cycle was three consecutive 7-day patches (21 days) followed by 1 patch-free week. The overall and method-failure probabilities of pregnancy through 13 cycles were 0.7% and 0.4%, respectively. The incidence of breakthrough bleeding was low throughout the study. Perfect compliance (21 consecutive days of dosing, followed by a 7-day drug-free interval; no patch could be worn for more than 7 days) was achieved in 90% of subject cycles; only 1.9% of patches detached completely. Adverse events were typical of hormonal contraception, and most were mild-to-moderate in severity and not treatment limiting. The most common adverse events resulting in discontinuation were application site reactions (1.9%), nausea (1.8%), emotional lability (1.5%), headache (1.1%), and breast discomfort (1.0%). The transdermal contraceptive patch provides effective contraception and cycle control, and is well tolerated. The weekly change schedule for the contraceptive patch is associated with excellent compliance and wearability characteristics.

Inhalation developmental toxicology studies: Teratology study of n-hexane in rats: Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mast, T.J.

The straight chain hydrocarbon, n-hexane, is a volatile, ubiquitous solvent used in industrial, academic, and smaller commercial environments. The significant opportunity for women of child-bearing age to be exposed to this chemical prompted the undertaking of a study to assess the developmental toxicity of n-hexane in an animal model. Timed-pregnant (30 animals per group) and virgin (10 animals per group) Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0 (filtered air), 200, 1000, and 5000 ppM n-hexane (99.9% purity) vapor in inhalation chambers for 20 h/day for a period of 14 consecutive days. Sperm-positive females were exposed for 6 to 19 days ofmore » gestation (dg) and virgins were exposed concurrently for 14 consecutive days. The day of sperm detection was designated as 0 dg for mated females. Adult female body weights were monitored prior to, throughout the exposure period, and at sacrifice. Uterine, placental, and fetal body weights were obtained for gravid females at sacrifice. Implants were enumerated and their status recorded as live fetus, early or late resorption, or dead. Live fetuses were sexed and examined for gross, visceral, skeletal, and soft-tissue craniofacial defects. 16 refs., 3 figs., 7 tabs.« less

Do walking strategies to increase physical activity reduce reported sitting in workplaces: a randomized control trial

PubMed Central

Gilson, Nicholas D; Puig-Ribera, Anna; McKenna, Jim; Brown, Wendy J; Burton, Nicola W; Cooke, Carlton B

2009-01-01

Background Interventions designed to increase workplace physical activity may not automatically reduce high volumes of sitting, a behaviour independently linked to chronic diseases such as obesity and type II diabetes. This study compared the impact two different walking strategies had on step counts and reported sitting times. Methods Participants were white-collar university employees (n = 179; age 41.3 ± 10.1 years; 141 women), who volunteered and undertook a standardised ten-week intervention at three sites. Pre-intervention step counts (Yamax SW-200) and self-reported sitting times were measured over five consecutive workdays. Using pre-intervention step counts, employees at each site were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 60; maintain normal behaviour), a route-based walking group (n = 60; at least 10 minutes sustained walking each workday) or an incidental walking group (n = 59; walking in workday tasks). Workday step counts and reported sitting times were re-assessed at the beginning, mid- and endpoint of intervention and group mean± SD steps/day and reported sitting times for pre-intervention and intervention measurement points compared using a mixed factorial ANOVA; paired sample-t-tests were used for follow-up, simple effect analyses. Results A significant interactive effect (F = 3.5; p < 0.003) was found between group and step counts. Daily steps for controls decreased over the intervention period (-391 steps/day) and increased for route (968 steps/day; t = 3.9, p < 0.000) and incidental (699 steps/day; t = 2.5, p < 0.014) groups. There were no significant changes for reported sitting times, but average values did decrease relative to the control (routes group = 7 minutes/day; incidental group = 15 minutes/day). Reductions were most evident for the incidental group in the first week of intervention, where reported sitting decreased by an average of 21 minutes/day (t = 1.9; p < 0.057). Conclusion Compared to controls, both route and incidental walking increased physical activity in white-collar employees. Our data suggests that workplace walking, particularly through incidental movement, also has the potential to decrease employee sitting times, but there is a need for on-going research using concurrent and objective measures of sitting, standing and walking. PMID:19619295

Lymphocyte responses to influenza and tetanus toxoid in vitro following intensive exercise and carbohydrate ingestion on consecutive days.

PubMed

Bishop, Nicolette C; Walker, Gary J; Bowley, Lee A; Evans, Kate F; Molyneux, Karen; Wallace, Fiona A; Smith, Alice C

2005-10-01

The effect of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on antigen- (rather than mitogen-) stimulated T-cell responses to prolonged, intensive exercise may give a more realistic insight into the effect of CHO on T-cell functional capacity and subsequent infection risk. This study investigated the effect of CHO ingestion during prolonged, intensive exercise on influenza- and tetanus toxoid-stimulated T-cell cytokine mRNA expression and proliferation. Mitogen- [phytohemagglutinin (PHA)] stimulated proliferation was assessed for comparison. Responses were assessed following exercise on consecutive mornings to determine any carryover effect. Fifteen male games players performed two exercise trials in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Each trial comprised 90 min of intensive, intermittent running on consecutive mornings, with either CHO (6.4% wt/vol) or placebo (PLA) beverage ingestion before, during, and after each bout of exercise. Postexercise CD3(+) cell counts were higher in PLA than CHO on both days (P < 0.05). Antigen-stimulated T-cell cytokine mRNA expression was unaffected by exercise or CHO ingestion. Before exercise on day 2, T-cell proliferative responses to PHA, influenza, and tetanus toxoid were higher in CHO than PLA by 99, 80, and 58%, respectively (P < 0.01 for PHA, P < 0.05 for influenza and tetanus toxoid). At 1 h postexercise on day 2, PHA-induced proliferation was 70% higher in CHO than PLA (P < 0.05), yet there were no differences between trials for antigen-induced proliferative responses. Therefore, mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation following strenuous exercise and CHO does not necessarily reflect responses to specific antigens and, consequently, may not provide a good model for the situation in vivo.

Loan and nonloan flows in the Australian interbank network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sokolov, Andrey; Webster, Rachel; Melatos, Andrew; Kieu, Tien

2012-05-01

High-value transactions between banks in Australia are settled in the Reserve Bank Information and Transfer System (RITS) administered by the Reserve Bank of Australia. RITS operates on a real-time gross settlement (RTGS) basis and settles payments and transfers sourced from the SWIFT payment delivery system, the Austraclear securities settlement system, and the interbank transactions entered directly into RITS. In this paper, we analyse a dataset received from the Reserve Bank of Australia that includes all interbank transactions settled in RITS on an RTGS basis during five consecutive weekdays from 19 February 2007 inclusive, a week of relatively quiescent market conditions. The source, destination, and value of each transaction are known, which allows us to separate overnight loans from other transactions (nonloans) and reconstruct monetary flows between banks for every day in our sample. We conduct a novel analysis of the flow stability and examine the connection between loan and nonloan flows. Our aim is to understand the underlying causal mechanism connecting loan and nonloan flows. We find that the imbalances in the banks' exchange settlement funds resulting from the daily flows of nonloan transactions are almost exactly counterbalanced by the flows of overnight loans. The correlation coefficient between loan and nonloan imbalances is about -0.9 on most days. Some flows that persist over two consecutive days can be highly variable, but overall the flows are moderately stable in value. The nonloan network is characterised by a large fraction of persistent flows, whereas only half of the flows persist over any two consecutive days in the loan network. Moreover, we observe an unusual degree of coherence between persistent loan flow values on Tuesday and Wednesday. We probe static topological properties of the Australian interbank network and find them consistent with those observed in other countries.

Safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of consecutive bilateral cataract surgery on two successive days in tribes at base hospital through community outreach program: A prospective study of Aravali Mountain, North West India

PubMed Central

Mohan, Amit; Kaur, Navjot; Bhatanagar, Vishal C

2017-01-01

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of consecutive bilateral cataract surgery (CBCS) on two successive days in a single hospital visit. Methods: Prospective study was conducted on 565 patients of various tribes of hilly area of West Rajasthan who had come to our hospital through community outreach programmed (CORP) between January 2015 and March 2016. Patients with significant bilateral cataract without any other ocular morbidity were advised bilateral manual small incision cataract surgery on two consecutive days. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were evaluated, and follow-up was done at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Results: Out of 565 patients, 519 underwent both eye surgeries. Second eye surgery was deferred for a later date in 46 cases. Because of intraoperative and postoperative complications in the first eye, 31 had delayed surgeries while 15 patients refused to undergo another eye surgery either because of postoperative day 1 poor vision in the operated eye due to retinal pathologies (n = 8) or unwillingness (n = 7). The second eye surgery was performed for 519 patients, out of whom six had intra or postoperative complications. At 1 month follow-up, four patients had unilateral cystoid macular edema and three had prolonged postoperative inflammation. At 3 months, all patients were satisfied and had no complications. None of the patients had sight-threatening complications such as endophthalmitis, corneal decompensation, or vitreoretinal complications. Conclusion: CBCS may be considered safe and cost-effective for patients living in remote locations, dependent on CORP. PMID:29208839

Daily Stressors and Adult Day Service Use by Family Caregivers: Effects on Depressive Symptoms, Positive Mood and DHEA-S

PubMed Central

Zarit, Steven H.; Whetzel, Courtney A.; Kim, Kyungmin; Femia, Elia E.; Almeida, David M.; Rovine, Michael J.; Klein, Laura Cousino

2014-01-01

Objectives This study examines effects of daily use of adult day services (ADS) programs by caregivers of individuals with dementia (IWD) on a salivary biomarker of stress reactivity, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), and whether these effects on DHEA-S are associated with daily variability in positive mood and depressive symptoms. Design We used a daily diary design of 8 consecutive days with alternation of intervention (ADS) and non-intervention days to evaluate within- and between-person effects of the intervention. Setting Caregivers were interviewed daily by telephone at home. Participants 151 family caregivers of IWD who were using ADS. Measurements Saliva samples were collected from caregivers 5 times a day for 8 consecutive days and were assayed for DHEA-S. Daily telephone interviews assessed daily stressors and mood. Results DHEA-S levels were significantly higher on days following ADS use. Daily DHEA-S levels covaried significantly with daily positive mood, but not depressive symptoms. Conclusions These results demonstrate an association of ADS use by family caregivers and higher DHEA-S levels on the next day. Prior research has found that higher DHEA-S levels are protective against the physiological damaging effects of stressor exposure and may reduce risks of illness. Regular use of ADS may help reduce depletion of DHEA-S and allow the body to mount a protective and restorative response to the physiological demands of caregiving. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine DHEA-S levels across the day in connection with an intervention that affected daily exposure to stressors. PMID:24566240

Assessment of tolerance to the effects of methamphetamine on daytime and nighttime activity evaluated with actigraphy in rhesus monkeys.

PubMed

Berro, Laís F; Andersen, Monica L; Howell, Leonard L

2017-08-01

Methamphetamine is one of the most largely consumed illicit drugs, and its use is associated with abuse liability and several adverse health effects, such as sleep impairment. Importantly, sleep quality can influence addiction treatment outcomes. Evidence suggests that tolerance can develop to the sleep-disrupting effects of stimulant drugs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the development of tolerance to the actigraphy-based sleep-disrupting and stimulant effects of methamphetamine self-administration in rhesus monkeys. Methamphetamine (0.03 mg/kg/inf, i.v.) self-administration was carried out following three different protocols: 14 consecutive days of self-administration, 5 days/week for 3 weeks, with a 2-day interval between 5-day blocks of self-administration, and 3 days/week for 3 weeks, with a 4-day interval between 3-day blocks of self-administration. Daytime activity and activity-based sleep measures were evaluated with Actiwatch monitors a week before (baseline parameters) and throughout each protocol. Methamphetamine self-administration markedly disrupted sleep-like measures and increased daytime activity. Tolerance developed to those effects with repeated methamphetamine intake exceeding five consecutive days. Inclusion of washout periods (2 or 4 days) between blocks of methamphetamine self-administration attenuated the development of tolerance, with longer breaks from methamphetamine intake being more effective in maintaining the sleep-disrupting and stimulant effects of methamphetamine. Tolerance can develop to the stimulant and sleep-disrupting effects of methamphetamine self-administration. Interruption of drug intake extends the effects of methamphetamine on sleep-like measures and daytime activity.

Hormonal responses during a prolonged military field exercise with variable exercise intensity.

PubMed

Kyröläinen, Heikki; Karinkanta, Jari; Santtila, Matti; Koski, Harri; Mäntysaari, Matti; Pullinen, Teemu

2008-03-01

The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the magnitude of hormonal concentration alterations during a prolonged military field exercise with constant energy intake (EI) is influenced by changes in energy deficit (ED) induced by varying the exercise intensity. Basal serum hormone concentrations were measured in a group of healthy young male volunteers (n = 7) during a 20-day field exercise. During the first week of the exercise, the average ED was 4,000 kcal/day (P-I), in the second week only 450 kcal/day (P-II), and in the last week 1,000 kcal/day (P-III). During the first 5 days of the field exercise, significant increases in cortisol (COR, +32%) and growth hormone (GH, +616%) concentrations were observed, while insulin (INS, -70%), total testosterone (TES, -27%), free testosterone (TES(free), -26%) decreased. However, after these initial responses, COR and GH returned to the pre-exercise level by the beginning of P-II. Also TES and TES(free) recovered to the pre-exercise level by the beginning of P-III, and INS by the end of P-III. The concentration of TES (+29%) increased above the pre-exercise level by the beginning of P-III. Serum thyroxin (T(4)) concentration was significantly lesser (-12%) and urine urea concentration significantly higher (+78%) after the field exercise than before it. Therefore, it can be concluded that the lower levels of ED in the second and third phase (ED <1,000 kcal/day) allowed recovery of hormonal changes observed in the first phase with ED much greater than 1,000 kcal/day.

The effect of the number of consecutive night shifts on diurnal rhythms in cortisol, melatonin and heart rate variability (HRV): a systematic review of field studies.

PubMed

Jensen, Marie Aarrebo; Garde, Anne Helene; Kristiansen, Jesper; Nabe-Nielsen, Kirsten; Hansen, Åse Marie

2016-05-01

The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge from field studies on how many consecutive night shifts are required for adaptation of diurnal rhythms in cortisol, melatonin and heart rate variability (HRV) to night work. A systematic search of the databases PubMed and Web of Science resulted in 18 studies selected for review. Cortisol was measured in five studies, melatonin in 11 studies and HRV in four studies. Diurnal rhythms were assessed by use of several different measures based on three to eight samples per day for cortisol and melatonin and 24-h recordings for HRV. Most of the studies in the review were small studies with less than 30 participants, and most studies evaluated diurnal rhythms after only two consecutive night shifts whereas only six studies used seven or more consecutive night shifts. The majority of studies found that adaptation to night work had not occurred after two consecutive night shifts, whereas a small number found evidence for full adaptation after seven consecutive night shifts based on diurnal rhythms in cortisol and melatonin. There are methodological differences in the field studies analyzing diurnal rhythms and large diversity in the occupational fields studied. Nevertheless, we conclude that diurnal rhythms in cortisol, melatonin and HRV are not adapted to night work after 1-3 consecutive night shifts. Studies are needed to establish how many consecutive night shifts are needed for full adaptation of diurnal rhythms to night work.

Phase I dose-escalation study of vinflunine hard capsules administered twice a day for 2 consecutive days every week in patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors.

PubMed

Calvo, E; Vermorken, J B; Hiret, S; Rodon, J; Cortes, J; Senellart, H; Van den Brande, J; Dyck, J; Pétain, A; Ferre, P; Bennouna, J

2012-06-01

Vinflunine is a new microtubule inhibitor of the vinca-alkaloid family. It is marketed in transitional cell carcinoma of urothelial tract as a 20 min infusion given every 3 weeks in Europe. In this phase I study, vinflunine was administered to patients with advanced malignancies as hard capsules given twice a day on days 1-2 every week, with 3 weeks cycles. Serial blood samples were collected during the first cycle for pharmacokinetic investigations. Thirty-six patients (pts) were treated at 6 dose levels 150 (3 pts), 190 (3 pts), 230 (8 pts), 300 mg/day (6 pts) and then 250 (3 pts) and 270 mg/day (13 pts). The Maximal Tolerated Dose (MTD) was reached at 300 mg/day where 2 patients out of 6 experienced a dose limiting toxicity (febrile neutropenia with diarrhea). The lower dose level of 270 mg/day was the recommended dose (RD), the toxicity profile being mainly anaemia, neutropenia, fatigue and constipation. The pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated the adequacy of the flat-fixed dosing regimen, as no correlation between clearance of vinflunine and body surface area was evidenced. Blood concentrations and exposure increased with dose, and a pharmacokinetic accumulation was observed, which is consistent with the terminal half-life of the compounds. The inter-individual exposure variability at the RD was 35%. Repeated weekly administration of oral vinflunine is feasible and exhibits a moderate inter-individual PK variability. The MTD was achieved at 300 mg/day given for 2 consecutive days. According to the protocol rules, the RD was established at 270 mg/day.

22 CFR 35.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of the period, unless it is a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday observed by the Federal Government, in which event it... days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

22 CFR 35.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of the period, unless it is a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday observed by the Federal Government, in which event it... days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

22 CFR 35.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of the period, unless it is a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday observed by the Federal Government, in which event it... days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

22 CFR 35.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of the period, unless it is a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday observed by the Federal Government, in which event it... days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

22 CFR 35.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of the period, unless it is a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday observed by the Federal Government, in which event it... days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

40 CFR 418.52 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... from nitric acid production in which all the raw material ammonia is in the gaseous form: [Metric units... limitations Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia... all the raw material ammonia is in the shipped liquid form: [Metric units, kg/kkg of product; English...

40 CFR 418.52 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... from nitric acid production in which all the raw material ammonia is in the gaseous form: [Metric units... limitations Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia... all the raw material ammonia is in the shipped liquid form: [Metric units, kg/kkg of product; English...

40 CFR 418.52 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... from nitric acid production in which all the raw material ammonia is in the gaseous form: [Metric units... limitations Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia... all the raw material ammonia is in the shipped liquid form: [Metric units, kg/kkg of product; English...

40 CFR 418.52 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... from nitric acid production in which all the raw material ammonia is in the gaseous form: [Metric units... limitations Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia... all the raw material ammonia is in the shipped liquid form: [Metric units, kg/kkg of product; English...

40 CFR 418.52 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... from nitric acid production in which all the raw material ammonia is in the gaseous form: [Metric units... limitations Maximum for any 1 day Average of daily values for 30 consecutive days shall not exceed— Ammonia... all the raw material ammonia is in the shipped liquid form: [Metric units, kg/kkg of product; English...

26 CFR 48.4071-3 - Imposition of tax on tires and tubes delivered to manufacturer's retail outlet.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... consecutive calendar months during the 2-year period immediately preceding the first day included in the... during such a 12-month period, the determination is made on the basis of the available experience of the... calendar months during the 2-year period immediately preceding the first day included in the return period...

26 CFR 48.4071-3 - Imposition of tax on tires and tubes delivered to manufacturer's retail outlet.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... consecutive calendar months during the 2-year period immediately preceding the first day included in the... during such a 12-month period, the determination is made on the basis of the available experience of the... calendar months during the 2-year period immediately preceding the first day included in the return period...

26 CFR 48.4071-3 - Imposition of tax on tires and tubes delivered to manufacturer's retail outlet.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... consecutive calendar months during the 2-year period immediately preceding the first day included in the... during such a 12-month period, the determination is made on the basis of the available experience of the... calendar months during the 2-year period immediately preceding the first day included in the return period...

26 CFR 48.4071-3 - Imposition of tax on tires and tubes delivered to manufacturer's retail outlet.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... consecutive calendar months during the 2-year period immediately preceding the first day included in the... during such a 12-month period, the determination is made on the basis of the available experience of the... calendar months during the 2-year period immediately preceding the first day included in the return period...

Informal/Formal Learning and Workload among Ontario Secondary School Teachers. NALL Working Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smaller, Harry; Hart, Doug; Clark, Rosemary; Livingstone, David

Following up on an earlier national survey study of Canadian teachers' formal and informal learning, this study had 13 Ontario secondary teachers keep detailed logs of their day and evening activities, along with notations about what they may have learned as a result of engaging in each activity, for 7 consecutive days in late 1999, and again in…

43 CFR 3602.42 - How does BLM publicize competitive mineral materials sales?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... where the material is located, on the same day once a week for 2 consecutive weeks; and (2) Will post a... are offering; (4) The unit of measurement; (5) The appraised prices; (6) The time and place for... cost recovery fee paid to BLM by the applicant up to 21 days before the sale; (9) The site access that...

49 CFR 192.5 - Class locations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... assembly) that is occupied by 20 or more persons on at least 5 days a week for 10 weeks in any 12-month period. (The days and weeks need not be consecutive.) (4) A Class 4 location is any class location unit... 2, 3, and 4 may be adjusted as follows: (1) A Class 4 location ends 220 yards (200 meters) from the...

40 CFR 413.64 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... days shall not exceed CN, T 1.9 1.0 Cu 4.5 2.7 Ni 4.1 2.6 Cr 7.0 4.0 Zn 4.2 2.6 Pb 0.6 0.4 Cd 1.2 0.7... of daily values for 4 consecutive monitoring days shall not exceed CN, T 74 39 Cu 176 105 Ni 160 100...

40 CFR 413.64 - Pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... days shall not exceed CN, T 1.9 1.0 Cu 4.5 2.7 Ni 4.1 2.6 Cr 7.0 4.0 Zn 4.2 2.6 Pb 0.6 0.4 Cd 1.2 0.7... of daily values for 4 consecutive monitoring days shall not exceed CN, T 74 39 Cu 176 105 Ni 160 100...

78 FR 57674 - Order Limiting Operations at Newark Liberty International Airport

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-19

... season. This waiver applies only to EWR slots for the following days and local times: (1) March 30... runway 4L/22R. Runway 4L/22R will be open during that period with reduced runway length. Night and... five or more consecutive days. However, the FAA does not routinely grant general waivers to the usage...

Expressive Writing for Gay-Related Stress: Psychosocial Benefits and Mechanisms Underlying Improvement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pachankis, John E.; Goldfried, Marvin R.

2010-01-01

Objective: This study tested the effectiveness of an expressive writing intervention for gay men on outcomes related to psychosocial functioning. Method: Seventy-seven gay male college students (mean age = 20.19 years, SD = 1.99) were randomly assigned to write for 20 min a day for 3 consecutive days about either (a) the most stressful or…

Work Enabling Opioid Management.

PubMed

Lavin, Robert A; Kalia, Nimisha; Yuspeh, Larry; Barry, Jill A; Bernacki, Edward J; Tao, Xuguang Grant

2017-08-01

This study describes the relationship between opioid prescribing and ability to work. The opioid prescription patterns of 4994 claimants were studied. Three groups were constructed: 1) at least 3 consecutive months prescribed (chronic opioid therapy; COT); 2) less than 3 consecutive months prescribed (acute opioid therapy; AOT); and 3) no opioids prescribed. Variables included sex, age, daily morphine equivalent dose (MED), days opioids were prescribed, temporary total days (TTDs), and medical/indemnity/total costs. The COT versus AOT claimants had higher opioid costs ($8618 vs $94), longer TTD (636.2 vs 182.3), and average MED (66.8 vs 34.9). Only 2% of the COT cohort were not released to work. Fifty-seven percent of patients in the COT category (64 of 112) were released to work while still receiving opioids. COT does not preclude ability to work when prescribing within established guidelines.

Prenatal tolbutamide treatment alters plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and negatively affects the postnatal performance of chickens.

PubMed

Franssens, L; Lesuisse, J; Wang, Y; De Ketelaere, B; Willems, E; Koppenol, A; Guo, X; Buyse, J; Decuypere, E; Everaert, N

2015-07-01

To examine the relationship of insulin and glucose, broiler embryos were subjected to acute or prolonged hypoglycemia during the late embryonic phase by, respectively, injecting once (at embryonic day [ED] 16 or 17) or on 3 consecutive days (ED 16, 17, and 18) with tolbutamide (80 μg/g embryo weight), a substance that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas. After 1 tolbutamide injection, a prolonged (32 h) decrease of plasma glucose and a profound acute increase in plasma insulin were observed. The 3 consecutive tolbutamide injections induced hypoglycemia for 4 days (from ED 16 to ED 19). The postnatal performance after 3 consecutive tolbutamide injections in broiler embryos was also investigated. Body weight was lower in tolbutamide-treated chickens from hatch to 42 d compared with sham (P = 0.001) and control (P < 0.001) chickens. Feed intake was lower in the tolbutamide group from hatch to 42 d as compared with sham (P = 0.007) and control (P = 0.017) animals. In addition, at 42 d, plasma glucose concentrations, after an insulin injection challenge (50 μg/kg body weight), were higher in tolbutamide-treated chickens compared with the sham and the control group as were their basal glucose levels (P value of group effect <0.001). In conclusion, tolbutamide treatment during the late embryonic development in broilers resulted in prolonged hypoglycemia in this period and negatively influenced the posthatch performance. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The daily rhythm of body temperature, heart and respiratory rate in newborn dogs.

PubMed

Piccione, Giuseppe; Giudice, Elisabetta; Fazio, Francesco; Mortola, Jacopo P

2010-08-01

We asked whether, during the postnatal period, the daily patterns of body temperature (Tb), heart rate (HR) and breathing frequency (f) begin and develop in synchrony. To this end, measurements of HR, f and Tb were performed weekly, on two consecutive days, for the first two postnatal months on puppies of three breeds of dogs (Rottweiler, Cocker Spaniel and Carlino dogs) with very different birth weights and postnatal growth patterns. Ambient conditions and feeding habits were constant for all puppies. The results indicated that (1) the 24-h average Tb increased and average HR and f decreased with growth, (2) the daily rhythms in Tb were apparent by 4 weeks, irrespective of the puppy's growth pattern, (3) the daily rhythm of Tb in the puppy was not necessarily following that of the mother; in fact, it could anticipate it. (4) The daily rhythms in HR and f were not apparent for the whole study period. We conclude that in neonatal dogs the onset of the daily rhythms of Tb has no obvious relationship with body size or rate of growth and is not cued by the maternal Tb rhythm. The daily rhythms of HR and f do not appear before 2 months of age. Hence, they are not in synchrony with those of Tb.

30 CFR 70.208 - Bimonthly sampling; designated areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... each designated area on a production shift during each bimonthly period beginning with the bimonthly... dust sampling of designated areas shall begin on the first production shift during the next bimonthly... on which there is a production shift following the day of receipt of notification. (d) Upon issuance...

30 CFR 70.208 - Bimonthly sampling; designated areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... each designated area on a production shift during each bimonthly period beginning with the bimonthly... dust sampling of designated areas shall begin on the first production shift during the next bimonthly... on which there is a production shift following the day of receipt of notification. (d) Upon issuance...

30 CFR 70.208 - Bimonthly sampling; designated areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... each designated area on a production shift during each bimonthly period beginning with the bimonthly... dust sampling of designated areas shall begin on the first production shift during the next bimonthly... on which there is a production shift following the day of receipt of notification. (d) Upon issuance...

Using QR Codes in Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cetner, Michelle

2015-01-01

For years, many schools and districts have had strict policies banning the use of students' personal electronic devices in classrooms. However, some schools are beginning to embrace the educational value of handheld Web-enabled devices that students already bring to school each day. As teachers begin to explore the educational opportunities that…

42 CFR 409.60 - Benefit periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Benefit periods. 409.60 Section 409.60 Public... HOSPITAL INSURANCE BENEFITS Scope of Hospital Insurance Benefits § 409.60 Benefit periods. (a) When benefit periods begin. The initial benefit period begins on the day the beneficiary receives inpatient hospital...

42 CFR 409.60 - Benefit periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Benefit periods. 409.60 Section 409.60 Public... HOSPITAL INSURANCE BENEFITS Scope of Hospital Insurance Benefits § 409.60 Benefit periods. (a) When benefit periods begin. The initial benefit period begins on the day the beneficiary receives inpatient hospital...

42 CFR 409.60 - Benefit periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Benefit periods. 409.60 Section 409.60 Public... HOSPITAL INSURANCE BENEFITS Scope of Hospital Insurance Benefits § 409.60 Benefit periods. (a) When benefit periods begin. The initial benefit period begins on the day the beneficiary receives inpatient hospital...

42 CFR 409.60 - Benefit periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Benefit periods. 409.60 Section 409.60 Public... HOSPITAL INSURANCE BENEFITS Scope of Hospital Insurance Benefits § 409.60 Benefit periods. (a) When benefit periods begin. The initial benefit period begins on the day the beneficiary receives inpatient hospital...

42 CFR 409.60 - Benefit periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Benefit periods. 409.60 Section 409.60 Public... HOSPITAL INSURANCE BENEFITS Scope of Hospital Insurance Benefits § 409.60 Benefit periods. (a) When benefit periods begin. The initial benefit period begins on the day the beneficiary receives inpatient hospital...

Accelerating locomotor savings in learning: compressing four training days to one.

PubMed

Day, Kevin A; Leech, Kristan A; Roemmich, Ryan T; Bastian, Amy J

2018-06-01

Acquiring new movements requires the capacity of the nervous system to remember previously experienced motor patterns. The phenomenon of faster relearning after initial learning is termed "savings." Here we studied how savings of a novel walking pattern develops over several days of practice and how this process can be accelerated. We introduced participants to a split-belt treadmill adaptation paradigm for 30 min for 5 consecutive days. By training day 5, participants were able to produce near-perfect performance when switching between split and tied-belt environments. We found that this was due to their ability to shift specific elements of their stepping pattern to account for the split treadmill speeds from day to day. We also applied a state-space model to further characterize multiday locomotor savings. We then explored methods of achieving comparable savings with less total training time. We studied people training only on day 1, with either one extended split-belt exposure or alternating four times between split-belt and tied-belt conditions rapidly in succession. Both of these single-day training groups were tested again on day 5. Experiencing four abbreviated exposures on day 1 improved the performance on day 5 compared with one extended exposure on day 1. Moreover, this abbreviated group performed similarly to the group that trained for 4 consecutive days before testing on day 5, despite only having one-quarter of the total training time. These results demonstrate that we can leverage training structure to achieve a high degree of performance while minimizing training sessions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Learning a new movement requires repetition. Here, we demonstrate how to more efficiently train an adapted walking pattern. By compressing split-belt treadmill training delivered over 4 days to four abbreviated bouts of training delivered on the first day of training, we were able to induce equivalent savings over a 5-day span. These results suggest that we can manipulate the delivery of training to most efficiently drive multiday learning of a novel walking pattern.

45 CFR 79.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section... has been served or issued by placing it in the mail, an additional five calendar days will be added to...

21 CFR 17.30 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... order issued thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act or event, and includes the last day of the period, unless either such day is a Saturday, Sunday, or Federal holiday, in which event... document has been served or issued by placing it in the mail, an additional 5 days will be added to the...

21 CFR 17.30 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... order issued thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act or event, and includes the last day of the period, unless either such day is a Saturday, Sunday, or Federal holiday, in which event... document has been served or issued by placing it in the mail, an additional 5 days will be added to the...

21 CFR 17.30 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... order issued thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act or event, and includes the last day of the period, unless either such day is a Saturday, Sunday, or Federal holiday, in which event... document has been served or issued by placing it in the mail, an additional 5 days will be added to the...

21 CFR 17.30 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... order issued thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act or event, and includes the last day of the period, unless either such day is a Saturday, Sunday, or Federal holiday, in which event... document has been served or issued by placing it in the mail, an additional 5 days will be added to the...

45 CFR 79.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section... has been served or issued by placing it in the mail, an additional five calendar days will be added to...

21 CFR 17.30 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... order issued thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act or event, and includes the last day of the period, unless either such day is a Saturday, Sunday, or Federal holiday, in which event... document has been served or issued by placing it in the mail, an additional 5 days will be added to the...

45 CFR 79.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section... has been served or issued by placing it in the mail, an additional five calendar days will be added to...

45 CFR 79.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the last day of... which event it includes the next business day. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section... has been served or issued by placing it in the mail, an additional five calendar days will be added to...

Snow Day Learning: First Years of Kentucky's Non-Traditional Instruction Days

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hammons, Karen R.

2017-01-01

Non-traditional instruction days in Kentucky, as well as other states, are becoming increasingly popular as weather- and illness-related school closings compromise time in the classroom. This exploratory research study recounted the beginning of the use of non-traditional instruction days in the state of Kentucky as well as the current status…

Implementation of enhanced recovery programme after pancreatoduodenectomy: a single-centre UK pilot study.

PubMed

Abu Hilal, Mohammed; Di Fabio, Francesco; Badran, Abdallah; Alsaati, Hani; Clarke, Hannah; Fecher, Imogen; Armstrong, Thomas H; Johnson, Colin D; Pearce, Neil W

2013-01-01

Data on enhanced recovery programmes after pancreatoduodenectomy (ERP-PD) is limited. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and clinical outcomes of ERP-PD when implemented at a high-volume UK university referral centre. This was an observational single-surgeon case-control study (before-and-after pathway). A total of 20 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled for the ERP-PD and compared with 24 consecutive patients previously treated during an equal time frame. Patients in the ERP-PD group had a significant shorter time to remove naso-gastric tube (median of 5 vs. 7 days, p = 0.0001), start liquid diet (median of 2 vs. 5 days, p < 0.0001), start solid food (median of 4 vs. 9 days, p < 0.0001), pass stools (median of 6 vs. 7 days, p = 0.002), and had shorter length of stay (median of 8.5 days vs. 13 days, p = 0.015) compared to the pre-pathway group. Postoperative complications were overall less frequent but not significantly different in the ERP-PD group (p = 0.077). No difference in mortality and readmission rates was found. Our findings support the feasibility and safety of ERP-PD. Improved patients' outcomes, significant bed day savings and increase National Health Service productivity are anticipated with implementation of ERP-PD on a larger scale. Copyright © 2012 IAP and EPC. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Associations among daily stressors and salivary cortisol: findings from the National Study of Daily Experiences.

PubMed

Stawski, Robert S; Cichy, Kelly E; Piazza, Jennifer R; Almeida, David M

2013-11-01

While much research has focused on linking stressful experiences to emotional and biological reactions in laboratory settings, there is an emerging interest in extending these examinations to field studies of daily life. The current study examined day-to-day associations among naturally occurring daily stressors and salivary cortisol in a national sample of adults from the second wave of the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE). A sample of 1694 adults (age=57, range=33-84; 44% male) completed telephone interviews detailing their stressors and emotions on eight consecutive evenings. Participants also provided saliva samples upon waking, 30min post-waking, before lunch and before bed, on four consecutive interview days resulting in 5995 days of interview/cortisol data. Analyses revealed three main findings. First, cortisol AUC was significantly higher on stressor days compared to stressor-free days, particularly for arguments and overloads at home, suggesting that daily stressors are associated with increased cortisol output, but that not all daily stressors have such an influence. Second, individuals reporting a greater frequency of stressor days also exhibited a steeper diurnal cortisol slope. Finally, daily stressor-cortisol associations were unaltered after adjustment for daily negative affect and physical symptoms. Our discussion focuses on the influence of naturally occurring daily stressors on daily cortisol and the role of daily diary approaches for studying healthy cortisol responses to psychosocial stressors outside of traditional laboratory settings. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Associations among Daily Stressors and Salivary Cortisol: Findings from the National Study of Daily Experiences

PubMed Central

Stawski, Robert S.; Cichy, Kelly E.; Piazza, Jennifer R.; Almeida, David M.

2013-01-01

While much research has focused on linking stressful experiences to emotional and biological reactions in laboratory settings, there is an emerging interest in extending these examinations to field studies of daily life. The current study examined day-to-day associations among naturally-occurring daily stressors and salivary cortisol in a national sample of adults from the second wave of the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE). A sample of 1,694 adults (Age=57, Range=33–84; 44% male) completed telephone interviews detailing their stressors and emotions on eight consecutive evenings. Participants also provided saliva samples upon waking, 30 minutes post-waking, before lunch and before bed, on four consecutive interview days resulting in 5,995 days of interview/cortisol data. Analyses revealed three main findings. First, cortisol AUC was significantly higher on stressor days compared to stressor-free days, particularly for arguments and overloads at home, suggesting that daily stressors are associated with increased cortisol output, but that not all daily stressors have such an influence. Second, individuals reporting a greater frequency of stressor days also exhibited a steeper diurnal cortisol slope. Finally, daily stressor-cortisol associations were unaltered after adjustment for daily negative affect and physical symptoms. Our discussion focuses on the influence of naturally-occurring daily stressors on daily cortisol and the role of daily diary approaches for studying healthy cortisol responses to psychosocial stressors outside of traditional laboratory settings. PMID:23856186

Diagnostic Accuracy and Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Methods for Detection of Soil-Transmitted Helminths in a Post-Treatment Setting in Western Kenya

PubMed Central

Kepha, Stella; Kihara, Jimmy H.; Njenga, Sammy M.; Pullan, Rachel L.; Brooker, Simon J.

2014-01-01

Objectives This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness of the Kato-Katz and Mini-FLOTAC methods for detection of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) in a post-treatment setting in western Kenya. A cost analysis also explores the cost implications of collecting samples during school surveys when compared to household surveys. Methods Stool samples were collected from children (n = 652) attending 18 schools in Bungoma County and diagnosed by the Kato-Katz and Mini-FLOTAC coprological methods. Sensitivity and additional diagnostic performance measures were analyzed using Bayesian latent class modeling. Financial and economic costs were calculated for all survey and diagnostic activities, and cost per child tested, cost per case detected and cost per STH infection correctly classified were estimated. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impact of various survey parameters on cost estimates. Results Both diagnostic methods exhibited comparable sensitivity for detection of any STH species over single and consecutive day sampling: 52.0% for single day Kato-Katz; 49.1% for single-day Mini-FLOTAC; 76.9% for consecutive day Kato-Katz; and 74.1% for consecutive day Mini-FLOTAC. Diagnostic performance did not differ significantly between methods for the different STH species. Use of Kato-Katz with school-based sampling was the lowest cost scenario for cost per child tested ($10.14) and cost per case correctly classified ($12.84). Cost per case detected was lowest for Kato-Katz used in community-based sampling ($128.24). Sensitivity analysis revealed the cost of case detection for any STH decreased non-linearly as prevalence rates increased and was influenced by the number of samples collected. Conclusions The Kato-Katz method was comparable in diagnostic sensitivity to the Mini-FLOTAC method, but afforded greater cost-effectiveness. Future work is required to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of STH surveillance in different settings. PMID:24810593

Pattern and determinants of hospitalization during heat waves: an ecologic study

PubMed Central

Mastrangelo, Giuseppe; Fedeli, Ugo; Visentin, Cristiana; Milan, Giovanni; Fadda, Emanuela; Spolaore, Paolo

2007-01-01

Background Numerous studies have investigated mortality during a heatwave, while few have quantified heat associated morbidity. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between hospital admissions and intensity, duration and timing of heatwave across the summer months. Methods The study area (Veneto Region, Italy) holds 4577408 inhabitants (on January 1st, 2003), and is subdivided in seven provinces with 60 hospitals and about 20000 beds for acute care. Five consecutive heatwaves (three or more consecutive days with Humidex above 40°C) occurred during summer 2002 and 2003 in the region. From the regional computerized archive of hospital discharge records, we extracted the daily count of hospital admissions for people aged ≥75, from June 1 through August 31 in 2002 and 2003. Among people aged over 74 years, daily hospital admissions for disorders of fluid and electrolyte balance, acute renal failure, and heat stroke (grouped in a single nosologic entity, heat diseases, HD), respiratory diseases (RD), circulatory diseases (CD), and a reference category chosen a priori (fractures of the femur, FF) were independently analyzed by Generalized Estimating Equations. Results Heatwave duration, not intensity, increased the risk of hospital admissions for HD and RD by, respectively, 16% (p < .0001) and 5% (p < .0001) with each additional day of heatwave duration. At least four consecutive hot humid days were required to observe a major increase in hospital admissions, the excesses being more than twofold for HD (p < .0001) and about 50% for RD (p < .0001). Hospital admissions for HD peaked equally at the first heatwave (early June) and last heatwave (August) in 2004 as did RD. No correlation was found for FF or CD admissions. Conclusion The first four days of an heatwave had only minor effects, thus supporting heat health systems where alerts are based on duration of hot humid days. Although the finding is based on a single late summer heatwave, adaptations to extreme temperature in late summer seem to be unlikely. PMID:17688689

Diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness of alternative methods for detection of soil-transmitted helminths in a post-treatment setting in western Kenya.

PubMed

Assefa, Liya M; Crellen, Thomas; Kepha, Stella; Kihara, Jimmy H; Njenga, Sammy M; Pullan, Rachel L; Brooker, Simon J

2014-05-01

This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness of the Kato-Katz and Mini-FLOTAC methods for detection of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) in a post-treatment setting in western Kenya. A cost analysis also explores the cost implications of collecting samples during school surveys when compared to household surveys. Stool samples were collected from children (n = 652) attending 18 schools in Bungoma County and diagnosed by the Kato-Katz and Mini-FLOTAC coprological methods. Sensitivity and additional diagnostic performance measures were analyzed using Bayesian latent class modeling. Financial and economic costs were calculated for all survey and diagnostic activities, and cost per child tested, cost per case detected and cost per STH infection correctly classified were estimated. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impact of various survey parameters on cost estimates. Both diagnostic methods exhibited comparable sensitivity for detection of any STH species over single and consecutive day sampling: 52.0% for single day Kato-Katz; 49.1% for single-day Mini-FLOTAC; 76.9% for consecutive day Kato-Katz; and 74.1% for consecutive day Mini-FLOTAC. Diagnostic performance did not differ significantly between methods for the different STH species. Use of Kato-Katz with school-based sampling was the lowest cost scenario for cost per child tested ($10.14) and cost per case correctly classified ($12.84). Cost per case detected was lowest for Kato-Katz used in community-based sampling ($128.24). Sensitivity analysis revealed the cost of case detection for any STH decreased non-linearly as prevalence rates increased and was influenced by the number of samples collected. The Kato-Katz method was comparable in diagnostic sensitivity to the Mini-FLOTAC method, but afforded greater cost-effectiveness. Future work is required to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of STH surveillance in different settings.

An effective repetitive training schedule to achieve skill proficiency using a novel robotic virtual reality simulator.

PubMed

Kang, Sung Gu; Ryu, Byung Ju; Yang, Kyung Sook; Ko, Young Hwii; Cho, Seok; Kang, Seok Ho; Patel, Vipul R; Cheon, Jun

2015-01-01

A robotic virtual reality simulator (Mimic dV-Trainer) can be a useful training method for the da Vinci surgical system. Herein, we investigate several repetitive training schedules and determine which is the most effective. A total of 30 medical students were enrolled and were divided into 3 groups according to the training schedule. Group 1 performed the task 1 hour daily for 4 consecutive days, group II performed the task on once per week for 1 hour for 4 consecutive weeks, and group III performed the task for 4 consecutive hours in 1 day. The effects of training were investigated by analyzing the number of repetitions and the time required to complete the "Tube 2" simulation task when the learning curve plateau was reached. The point at which participants reached a stable score was evaluated using the cumulative sum control graph. The average time to complete the task at the learning curve plateau was 150.3 seconds in group I, 171.9 seconds in group II, and 188.5 seconds in group III. The number of task repetitions required to reach the learning curve plateau was 45 repetitions in group I, 36 repetitions in group II, and 39 repetitions in group III. Therefore, there was continuous improvement in the time required to perform the task after 40 repetitions in group I only. There was a significant correlation between improvement in each trial interval and attempt, and the correlation coefficient (0.924) in group I was higher than that in group II (0.899) and group III (0.838). Daily 1-hour practice sessions performed for 4 consecutive days resulted in the best final score, continuous score improvement, and effective training while minimizing fatigue. This repetition schedule can be used for effectively training novices in future. Copyright © 2015 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Earth Day Plus 20, and Counting.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilbert, Bil

1990-01-01

Presents a historical perspective of the environmental movement in the United States, beginning with Earth Day, 1970. Profiles "environmentalists" and describes environmental activities, achievements with environmental reform, turning points, and proenvironmental legislation from 1970-90. (MCO)

22 CFR 224.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... issued thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the... government, in which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less... the mail, an additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

22 CFR 224.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... issued thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the... government, in which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less... the mail, an additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

22 CFR 224.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... issued thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the... government, in which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less... the mail, an additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...

22 CFR 224.27 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... issued thereunder, the time begins with the day following the act, event, or default, and includes the... government, in which event it includes the next business day. (b) When the period of time allowed is less... the mail, an additional five days will be added to the time permitted for any response. ...