17 CFR 248.15 - Other exceptions to notice and opt out requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.), or (ii) From a consumer report reported by a consumer reporting... COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-P: Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and... consent or at the direction of the consumer, provided that the consumer has not revoked the consent or...

24 CFR 3282.402 - General principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT MANUFACTURED HOME PROCEDURAL AND ENFORCEMENT REGULATIONS Consumer Complaint Handling.... (e) It is the policy of these regulations that all consumer complaints or other information... result of normal year and aging, gross and unforeseeable consumer abuse, or unforeseeable neglect of...

24 CFR 3282.402 - General principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT MANUFACTURED HOME PROCEDURAL AND ENFORCEMENT REGULATIONS Consumer Complaint Handling.... (e) It is the policy of these regulations that all consumer complaints or other information... result of normal year and aging, gross and unforeseeable consumer abuse, or unforeseeable neglect of...

24 CFR 3282.402 - General principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT MANUFACTURED HOME PROCEDURAL AND ENFORCEMENT REGULATIONS Consumer Complaint Handling.... (e) It is the policy of these regulations that all consumer complaints or other information... result of normal year and aging, gross and unforeseeable consumer abuse, or unforeseeable neglect of...

12 CFR 222.83 - Disposal of consumer information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... RESERVE SYSTEM FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Duties of Users of Consumer Reports Regarding Identity Theft § 222.83 Disposal of consumer information. (a) Definitions as used in this section. (1) You means...

76 FR 16472 - Reports, Forms and Record Keeping Requirements; Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-23

... 575--Consumer Information Regulations (sections 103 and 105) Qualitative Research. OMB Number: Not Assigned. Type of Request: Request for public comment on collection of information request. Abstract: The... the consumer information program is to conduct proper market research to understand consumers...

[Good for your health? An analysis of the requirements for scientific substantiation in European health claims regulation].

PubMed

Todt, Oliver; Luján, José Luis

2016-06-01

To identify the various types of evidence, as well as their relative importance in European health claims regulation, in order to analyze the consequences for consumer protection of the requirements for scientific substantiation in this regulation. Qualitative analysis of various documents relevant to the regulatory process, particularly as to the implications of the standards of proof for the functional food market, as well as consumer behavior. European regulation defines a hierarchy of evidence that turns randomized controlled trials into a necessary and sufficient condition for health claim authorizations. Consumer protection can be interpreted in different manners. High standards of proof protect consumers from false information about the health outcomes of functional foods, while lower standards lead to more, albeit less accurate information about such outcomes being available to consumers.

Managed care for Medicare: some considerations in designing effective information provision programs.

PubMed

Jayanti, R K

2001-01-01

Consumer information-processing theory provides a useful framework for policy makers concerned with regulating information provided by managed care organizations. The assumption that consumers are rational information processors and providing more information is better is questioned in this paper. Consumer research demonstrates that when faced with an uncertain decision, consumers adopt simplifying strategies leading to sub-optimal choices. A discussion on how consumers process risk information and the effects of various informational formats on decision outcomes is provided. Categorization theory is used to propose guidelines with regard to providing effective information to consumers choosing among competing managed care plans. Public policy implications borne out of consumer information-processing theory conclude the article.

Drug Familiarization and Therapeutic Misconception Via Direct-to-Consumer Information.

PubMed

Bélisle-Pipon, Jean-Christophe; Williams-Jones, Bryn

2015-06-01

Promotion of prescription drugs may appear to be severely limited in some jurisdictions due to restrictions on direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA). However, in most jurisdictions, strategies exist to raise consumer awareness about prescription drugs, notably through the deployment of direct-to-consumer information (DTCI) campaigns that encourage patients to seek help for particular medical conditions. In Canada, DTCI is presented by industry and regulated by Health Canada as being purely informational activities, but their design and integration in broader promotional campaigns raise very similar ethical concerns as those associated with DTCA. Specifically, DTCI can be an effective means of familiarizing the public with the scope and benefits of a particular prescription drug and so, like DTCA, can promote increased patient-consumer demand and thus a problematic rise in the prescribing and use of medications that may be neither the most appropriate nor the most cost-effective. Yet, with DTCI the industry is playing within the existing rules and regulations set by health regulators. To respond appropriately to this regulatory incoherence, we argue that DTCI should be regulated as a type of direct-to-consumer indirect advertising. Even if the case and specific regulations presented here are Canadian, the implications extend to every country that has a partial or total prohibition on DTCA.

12 CFR 741.220 - Privacy of consumer financial information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Privacy of consumer financial information. 741.220 Section 741.220 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING... Privacy of consumer financial information. Any credit union which is insured pursuant to Title II of the...

12 CFR 741.220 - Privacy of consumer financial information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Privacy of consumer financial information. 741.220 Section 741.220 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING... Privacy of consumer financial information. Any credit union which is insured pursuant to Title II of the...

12 CFR 741.220 - Privacy of consumer financial information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Privacy of consumer financial information. 741.220 Section 741.220 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING... Privacy of consumer financial information. Any credit union which is insured pursuant to title II of the...

12 CFR 741.220 - Privacy of consumer financial information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Privacy of consumer financial information. 741.220 Section 741.220 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING... Privacy of consumer financial information. Any credit union which is insured pursuant to Title II of the...

12 CFR 741.220 - Privacy of consumer financial information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Privacy of consumer financial information. 741.220 Section 741.220 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING... Privacy of consumer financial information. Any credit union which is insured pursuant to Title II of the...

The evolution of nutritional information and communication about food and beverages the last 50 years

PubMed

Quirós-Villegas, Deyanira; Estévez-Martínez, Isabel; Perales-García, Aránzazu; Urrialde, Rafael

2017-10-15

Nutritional information directed to consumers has evolved in some key aspects such as nutritional parameters, qualitative characteristics of the product and the necessary requirements for their communication. To provide a general overview of legislative developments in nutrition communication in the last 50 years. Literature review of available literature and European and Spanish Regulations. The main changes have occurred on the two key regulations. Regulation 1924/2006 covering for the first times in Europe the characteristics that must be declared by foods and beverages to make certain nutritional claims and their commercial communications. Additionally, Regulation 432/2012 provides a positive list of health claims. On the other hand, Regulation 1169/2011 offers an updated view of the information provided to the consumer, the compulsory and voluntary aspects of it and its application in the labeling, presentation and advertising of food and beverage products. In addition, there are other regulations and initiatives, at the non-institutional level, to promote this communication with the consumer, such as GDAs or color schemes, based on the dietary reference intakes of different nutrients included in Regulation 1169/2011. Food legislation has tried to regulate the existing situation in the market by creating a harmonized framework to guarantee the consumer protection, offering nutritional information based in the scientific evidence and increasingly comprehensive and understandable.

Genetic gatekeepers: regulating direct-to-consumer genomic services in an era of participatory medicine.

PubMed

Palmer, Jessica Elizabeth

2012-01-01

Should consumers be able to obtain information about their own bodies, even if it has no proven medical value? Direct-to-consumer ("DTC") genomic companies offer consumers two services: generation of the consumer's personal genetic sequence, and interpretation of that sequence in light of current research. Concerned that consumers will misunderstand genomic information and make ill-advised health decisions, regulators, legislators and scholars have advocated restricted access to DTC genomic services. The Food and Drug Administration, which has historically refrained from regulating most genetic tests, has announced its intent to treat DTC genomic services as medical devices because they make "medical claims." This Article argues that FDA regulation of genomic services as medical devices would be counterproductive. Clinical laboratories conducting genetic tests are already overseen by a federal regime administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. While consumers and clinicians would benefit from clearer communication of test results and their health implications, FDA's gatekeeping framework is ill-suited to weigh the safety and efficacy of genomic information that is not medically actionable in traditional ways. Playing gatekeeper would burden FDA's resources, conflict with the patient-empowering policies promoted by personalized medicine initiatives, impair individuals' access to information in which they have powerful autonomy interests, weaken novel participatory research infrastructures, and set a poor precedent for the future regulation of medical information. Rather than applying its risk-based regulatory framework to genetic information, FDA should ameliorate regulatory uncertainty by working with the Federal Trade Commission and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to ensure that DTC genomic services deliver analytically valid data, market and implement their services in a truthful manner, and fully disclose the limitations of their services. Federal agencies with relevant expertise should collaborate on standards and best practices for interpreting genetic information in light of scientific uncertainty, and an adverse event reporting system should be established to collect empirical data verifying or disproving the speculative harms resulting from individual access to genetic information. Most of all, FDA should take advantage of this opportunity to adapt its regulatory process to an increasingly informational health ecosystem.

16 CFR 1101.61 - Generally.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Submitted Pursuant to Section 15... initial report to assist the Commission in its evaluation of the section 15 report. However, the...

78 FR 10573 - Used Motor Vehicle Trade Regulation Rule

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-14

... FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION 16 CFR Part 455 Used Motor Vehicle Trade Regulation Rule AGENCY: Federal... (``NPR'') concerning proposed changes to the Used Motor Vehicle Trade Regulation Rule (``Used Car Rule... the Buyers Guide encouraging consumers to seek vehicle history information and directing consumers to...

Service quality and asymmetric information in the regulation of monopolies: The Chilean electricity distribution industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Melo, Oscar Alfredo

This study is an enquiry about the role that service quality, asymmetric information, scope of regulation and regulator's preferences play in the regulation of monopolies, with an application to the case of the Chilean electricity distribution industry. In Chapter 1, I present the problem of regulating a monopolist and introduce the special conditions that the electricity sector has. Later I discuss the main characteristics of the electricity system that operates in Chile. The literature on regulation is reviewed in Chapter 2. A special emphasis is given to the problems of quality and information, and the lack of its proper joint treatment. In Chapter 3, I develop four theoretical models of regulation that explicitly consider the regulation of price and quality versus price-only regulation, and a symmetric versus asymmetric information structure where only the regulator knows its true costs. In these models, I also consider the effect of a regulator that may have a preference between consumers and the regulated monopolistic firms. I conclude that with symmetric information and independent of the scope of regulation, having a regulator that prefers consumers or producers does not affect the efficiency of the outcome. I also show that the regulator's inability to set quality, thus regulating only price, leads to an inefficient outcome, away from the first best solution that can be achieved by regulating both price and quality, even with asymmetric information, as long as the regulator does not have a "biased" preference for consumers or the monopolistic producers. If the regulator has a "bias," then the equilibrium will be inefficient with asymmetric information. But the effect on equilibrium price and quality depends on the direction of the effect of quality on the marginal effect of price in demand. More importantly, no closed-form solution can be derived unless drastic simplifications are made. To further investigate the outcome of the models, I use numerical simulation in Chapter 4, assuming flexible functional forms and alternative sets of parameters that represent the scenarios of interest. The results show that when the regulator is biased toward consumers (producers), symmetric information models yield higher (lower) quality except for the most efficient firm. Chapter 5 uses data from the electricity sector in Chile and estimates the price and quality elasticity of demand and finds a positive effect of quality on the price elasticity of demand.

16 CFR 1102.2 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE Background and Definitions § 1102.2 Purpose. This part sets... maintenance of a Publicly Available Consumer Product Safety Information Database (also referred to as the “Database”) on the safety of consumer products and other products or substances regulated by the Commission. ...

16 CFR 1102.2 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE Background and Definitions § 1102.2 Purpose. This part sets... maintenance of a Publicly Available Consumer Product Safety Information Database (also referred to as the “Database”) on the safety of consumer products and other products or substances regulated by the Commission. ...

16 CFR 1101.61 - Generally.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Submitted Pursuant to Section 15...) if: (1) The Commission has issued a complaint under section 15 (c) or (d) of the CPSA alleging that...

16 CFR 1101.61 - Generally.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Submitted Pursuant to Section 15...) if: (1) The Commission has issued a complaint under section 15 (c) or (d) of the CPSA alleging that...

16 CFR 1101.61 - Generally.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Submitted Pursuant to Section 15...) if: (1) The Commission has issued a complaint under section 15 (c) or (d) of the CPSA alleging that...

16 CFR 1101.24 - Scope of comments Commission seeks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Section 1101.24 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Procedure for... its evaluation of the accuracy of the information. A firm's submission, therefore, must be specific...

16 CFR 1101.23 - Providing less than 15 days notice before disclosing information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Providing less than 15 days notice before disclosing information. 1101.23 Section 1101.23 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Procedure for Providing Notice...

16 CFR 1101.23 - Providing less than 15 days notice before disclosing information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Providing less than 15 days notice before disclosing information. 1101.23 Section 1101.23 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Procedure for Providing Notice...

16 CFR 1101.23 - Providing less than 15 days notice before disclosing information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Providing less than 15 days notice before disclosing information. 1101.23 Section 1101.23 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Procedure for Providing Notice...

16 CFR § 1101.61 - Generally.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Submitted Pursuant to Section 15...) if: (1) The Commission has issued a complaint under section 15 (c) or (d) of the CPSA alleging that...

76 FR 14278 - U.S. Honey Producer Research, Promotion, and Consumer Information Order; Termination of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-16

...-07-0091; FV-07-706-FR] RIN 0581-AC78 U.S. Honey Producer Research, Promotion, and Consumer... Regulations (CFR) referendum procedures for the proposed U.S. Honey Producer Research, Promotion, and Consumer... the Internet at http://www.regulations.gov or to the Research and Promotion Branch, Fruit and...

16 CFR § 1101.23 - Providing less than 15 days notice before disclosing information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Providing less than 15 days notice before disclosing information. § 1101.23 Section § 1101.23 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Procedure for Providing...

Regulation of prescription drug promotion: direct-to-consumer advertising.

PubMed

Baylor-Henry, M; Drezin, N A

1998-01-01

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for regulating the information on prescription drugs disseminated by sponsors to health care providers and consumers to ensure that it is truthful and not misleading, and that it presents a fair balance of benefit and risk information. Thus the public health is both protected and promoted by the dissemination of honest, accurate information about regulated products. This paper discusses the regulatory requirements for promotional materials for prescription drugs and the standards used by the FDA to evaluate these materials. It also discusses the agency's views on direct-to-consumer advertising, the enforcement actions that are available to the FDA, the process used by the FDA to determine what action should be taken and when, and what remedies are available.

76 FR 79275 - Truth in Savings (Regulation DD)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-21

... disclosure. Sensitive personal information, such as account numbers or social security numbers, should not be... improved, and consumers' ability to make informed decisions regarding deposit accounts would be... regulations, while making information on the other regulations available. The Bureau expects to conduct...

The educational potential of direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising.

PubMed

Kaphingst, Kimberly A; DeJong, William

2004-01-01

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertising allow broadcast advertisements with incomplete risk information if the ads refer consumers to physicians, pharmacists, and supplemental information sources. New research reveals several problems with both television advertisements and supplemental text materials that might compromise their ability to meet the FDA's requirement for "fair balance" in the presentation of risks and benefits. In response, we make several recommendations to improve the educational quality of DTC advertising, which can be implemented through either voluntary agreements or revised FDA regulations.

76 FR 13896 - Equal Credit Opportunity

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-15

... based in whole or in part on information in a consumer report. Certain model notices in Regulation B... part on information in a consumer report. The definition of adverse action in section 603(k) of the... report used in taking the adverse action. It also requires a person to disclose that a consumer has a...

Direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) for prescription drugs: consumers' attitudes and preferences concerning its regulation in South Korea.

PubMed

Suh, Hae Sun; Lee, Donghyun; Kim, Sang Yong; Chee, Dong Hyun; Kang, Hye-Young

2011-08-01

To examine consumers' attitudes toward direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) for prescription drugs in Korea. We conducted a survey of 350 patients visiting community pharmacies to fill their prescriptions. Consumers' attitudes toward DTCA were assessed in terms of whether they felt DTCA was necessary, their trust in the information provided by DTCA, and their intention to use the information provided by DTCA. We examined consumers' preferences regarding the regulation of DTCA and their expectations of the effects of DTCA. About 60% of the respondents responded that DTCA is necessary and that they intended to use the information from DTCA. Less than half of the respondents reported that they would trust DTCA information. About 70% of the participants expressed the need for prior vetting of the DTCA content. Respondents had the highest expectation on the effect of DTCA as an information source for patients. Positive consumer expectations regarding the effects of DTCA were significantly associated with positive consumer attitudes toward DTCA (odds ratio=4.70, 95% confidence interval: 2.25-9.82). This study provides evidence that consumers in South Korea generally have positive attitudes toward DTCA. However, most of the respondents wanted a prior examination system of DTCA content to ensure that the information conveyed to them via DTCA was trustworthy. Policy-makers should be cautious and well-prepared if they decide to introduce DTCA in Korea. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

24 CFR 3282.404 - Notification pursuant to manufacturer's determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... REGULATIONS Consumer Complaint Handling and Remedial Actions § 3282.404 Notification pursuant to manufacturer... the manufacturer received the information. Consumer complaints or other information indicating the... course of production. This information may include, but is not limited to, complaints that can be traced...

24 CFR 3282.404 - Notification pursuant to manufacturer's determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... REGULATIONS Consumer Complaint Handling and Remedial Actions § 3282.404 Notification pursuant to manufacturer... the manufacturer received the information. Consumer complaints or other information indicating the... course of production. This information may include, but is not limited to, complaints that can be traced...

24 CFR 3282.404 - Notification pursuant to manufacturer's determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... REGULATIONS Consumer Complaint Handling and Remedial Actions § 3282.404 Notification pursuant to manufacturer... the manufacturer received the information. Consumer complaints or other information indicating the... course of production. This information may include, but is not limited to, complaints that can be traced...

24 CFR 3282.404 - Notification pursuant to manufacturer's determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... REGULATIONS Consumer Complaint Handling and Remedial Actions § 3282.404 Notification pursuant to manufacturer... the manufacturer received the information. Consumer complaints or other information indicating the... course of production. This information may include, but is not limited to, complaints that can be traced...

7 CFR 1212.52 - Assessments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Expenses and Assessments § 1212.52 Assessments. (a) The...

7 CFR 1212.25 - Referendum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Definitions § 1212.25 Referendum. “Referendum” means a...

7 CFR 1212.87 - Amendments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Miscellaneous § 1212.87 Amendments. Amendments to this...

7 CFR 1212.82 - Suspension or termination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... RESEARCH, PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Miscellaneous § 1212.82 Suspension or...

7 CFR 1212.100 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Referendum Procedures § 1212.100 General..., Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order shall be conducted in accordance with this...

7 CFR 1212.30 - Terminate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Definitions § 1212.30 Terminate. “Terminate” means to...

7 CFR 1212.81 - Referenda.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Miscellaneous § 1212.81 Referenda. (a) After the initial...

7 CFR 1212.4 - Department.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Definitions § 1212.4 Department. “Department” means the...

7 CFR 1212.5 - Exporter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Definitions § 1212.5 Exporter. “Exporter” means any...

7 CFR 1212.54 - Operating reserve.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... RESEARCH, PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Expenses and Assessments § 1212.54 Operating...

7 CFR 1212.85 - Personal liability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... RESEARCH, PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Miscellaneous § 1212.85 Personal liability. No...

7 CFR 1212.86 - Separability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Miscellaneous § 1212.86 Separability. If any provision...

7 CFR 1212.51 - Financial statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... RESEARCH, PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Expenses and Assessments § 1212.51 Financial...

7 CFR 1212.44 - Procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Honey Packers and Importers Board § 1212.44 Procedure...

7 CFR 1212.11 - Importer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Definitions § 1212.11 Importer. “Importer” means any...

7 CFR 1212.17 - Person.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Definitions § 1212.17 Person. “Person” means any...

16 CFR 1209.38 - Records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INTERIM SAFETY STANDARD FOR CELLULOSE INSULATION Certification § 1209.38 Records. (a) Establishment and maintenance. Each... product specification containing all information required by § 1209.35. (This includes information...

16 CFR 1116.8 - Determination of particular model.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Section 1116.8 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS REPORTS SUBMITTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 37 OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT § 1116.8 Determination...) Information on how consumers use the products and on consumer need or demand for different products, such as...

12 CFR 1016.6 - Information to be included in privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 8 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Information to be included in privacy notices. 1016.6 Section 1016.6 Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 1016.6 Information to be included in...

7 CFR 1212.6 - First handler.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Definitions § 1212.6 First handler. “First handler...

7 CFR 1212.43 - Removal and vacancies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... RESEARCH, PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Honey Packers and Importers Board § 1212.43...

7 CFR 1212.53 - Exemption from assessment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... RESEARCH, PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Expenses and Assessments § 1212.53 Exemption...

7 CFR 1212.18 - Plans and programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... RESEARCH, PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Definitions § 1212.18 Plans and programs...

7 CFR 1212.28 - Suspend.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Definitions § 1212.28 Suspend. “Suspend” means to issue...

7 CFR 1212.15 - Order.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Definitions § 1212.15 Order. “Order” means the Honey...

7 CFR 1212.40 - Establishment and membership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... RESEARCH, PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Honey Packers and Importers Board § 1212.40...

7 CFR 1212.7 - Fiscal period.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Definitions § 1212.7 Fiscal period. “Fiscal period...

7 CFR 1212.29 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Definitions § 1212.29 State. “State” means any of the...

7 CFR 1230.3 - Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Secretary. 1230.3 Section 1230.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... CONSUMER INFORMATION Pork Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Order Definitions § 1230.3...

7 CFR 1230.2 - Department.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Department. 1230.2 Section 1230.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... CONSUMER INFORMATION Pork Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Order Definitions § 1230.2...

Market Discrimination Against the Poor and the Impact of Consumer Disclosure Laws: The Used Car Industry. Discussion Paper No. 486-78.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McNeil, Kenneth; And Others

The poor pay more than the non-poor for similar products in many consumer goods markets. This disparity seems not to be addressed by consumer protection regulations like disclosure laws. Several lines of argument suggest that the poor will not benefit from disclosure regulation either because they lack the ability to use information effectively…

78 FR 8525 - Information Collection Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-06

... collection of information subject to the PRA that does not display a valid Office of Management and Budget...: Rules and Regulations Implementing the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) of 1991, Report and... retain benefits. The authorizing statutes for this information collection are: Telephone Consumer...

78 FR 71558 - Insurance Cost Information Regulation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-29

... [Docket No. NHTSA-2013-0078] Insurance Cost Information Regulation AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety... method for reporting simple and understandable motor vehicle damage susceptibility information to consumers. NHTSA plans to use this information to meet a requirement by Congress that it study and report...

76 FR 13902 - Fair Credit Reporting Risk-Based Pricing Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-15

... consumer when the creditor uses a consumer report to grant or extend credit to the consumer on material.... Information from a consumer report is often used in evaluating the risk posed by the consumer. Creditors that... report in connection with an extension of credit and, based in whole or in part on the consumer report...

Legal Regulation and Consumers: The RFID Industry's Perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ronzani, Daniel

Many journal articles have presented research on the adoption and diffusion of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) from a regulatory or consumer perspective. This research takes a reverse viewpoint. It researches the industry's experience with regulation by law and its experience with consumers. First, semi-structured interviews with RFID industry stakeholders are conducted on the topics of (UHF) frequency law, database law, and privacy law. Second, the industry's experience with (i) regulation by law and (ii) the consumers is collected in a worldwide online survey with companies and organisations that research, produce, sell, and consult on RFID technology. Third, empirical data is evaluated by different territories and industries to discuss four observations about legal regulation and consumers made by the authors with four feedback observations from the online survey. Given the evaluation of the empirical data, this article recommends that the RFID industry engage in better constructive dialogue with the legal regulator , strengthen its knowledge on applicable legislation, and re-evaluate its information policy to the consumer.

7 CFR 1230.6 - Council.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Council. 1230.6 Section 1230.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... CONSUMER INFORMATION Pork Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Order Definitions § 1230.6 Council...

7 CFR 1212.16 - Part and subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Definitions § 1212.16 Part and subpart. “Part” means the...

7 CFR 1212.80 - Right of the Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... RESEARCH, PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Miscellaneous § 1212.80 Right of the Secretary...

7 CFR 1230.6 - Council.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Council. 1230.6 Section 1230.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... CONSUMER INFORMATION Pork Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Order Definitions § 1230.6 Council...

78 FR 28204 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-14

... Delivery/Courier: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (Attention: PRA Office), 1700 G Street NW... for additional information should be directed to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, (Attention.... They also contain rules about advertising deposit accounts and overdraft services. Regulation DD...

Consumers' preferences for the communication of risk information in drug advertising.

PubMed

Davis, Joel J

2007-01-01

Research was conducted to identify consumers' preferences regarding the form, content, and placement of drug side-effect information in direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising. Specific questions explored preferences for the presence or absence of numeric information, the use of placebo and discontinuation groups as a context for understanding drug risk, the sequence in which side effects are presented, and the placement of side-effect statements on DTC Web sites. Consumers prefer detailed, readily accessible risk information--preferences that are a major departure from current advertiser practices and from what current and proposed Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations require.

12 CFR 205.10 - Preauthorized transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... The person that obtains the authorization shall provide a copy to the consumer. (c) Consumer's right... shall inform the consumer of the right to receive notice of all varying transfers, but may give the... FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) § 205.10 Preauthorized transfers. (a) Preauthorized transfers to consumer...

Balancing consumer protection and scientific integrity in the face of uncertainty: the example of gluten-free foods.

PubMed

McCabe, Margaret Sova

2010-01-01

In 2009, gluten-free foods were not only "hot" in the marketplace, several countries, including the United States, continued efforts to define gluten-free and appropriate labeling parameters. The regulatory process illuminates how difficult regulations based on safe scientific thresholds can be for regulators, manufacturers and consumers. This article analyzes the gluten-free regulatory landscape, challenges to defining a safe gluten threshold, and how consumers might need more label information beyond the term "gluten-free." The article includes an overview of international gluten-free regulations, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rulemaking process, and issues for consumers.

77 FR 61513 - Information Disclosure Under Section 6(b) of the Consumer Product Safety Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-10

... CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION 16 CFR Part 1101 Information Disclosure Under Section 6(b) of the Consumer Product Safety Act CFR Correction 0 In Title 16 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1000 to End, revised as of January 1, 2012, on page 147, in Sec. 1101.25 (a) and (b), the words ``5...

12 CFR 216.17 - Relation to State laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... this part if the protection such statute, regulation, order, or interpretation affords any consumer is... CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Relation to Other Laws; Effective Date § 216.17 Relation to... only to the extent of the inconsistency. (b) Greater protection under State law. For purposes of this...

17 CFR 248.122 - Scope and duration of opt out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.122 Scope and... information received from another affiliate as described in the notice to make marketing solicitations to the consumer. (2) Continuing relationship—(i) In general. If the consumer establishes a continuing relationship...

7 CFR 1230.7 - Customs Service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Customs Service. 1230.7 Section 1230.7 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... CONSUMER INFORMATION Pork Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Order Definitions § 1230.7 Customs...

14 CFR 234.11 - Disclosure to consumers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

.... (b) For each domestic flight for which schedule information is available on its Web site, including domestic code-share flights, a reporting carrier shall display the following information regarding the...) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS AIRLINE SERVICE QUALITY PERFORMANCE REPORTS § 234.11 Disclosure to consumers. (a...

14 CFR 234.11 - Disclosure to consumers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

.... (b) For each domestic flight for which schedule information is available on its Web site, including domestic code-share flights, a reporting carrier shall display the following information regarding the...) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS AIRLINE SERVICE QUALITY PERFORMANCE REPORTS § 234.11 Disclosure to consumers. (a...

14 CFR 234.11 - Disclosure to consumers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

.... (b) For each domestic flight for which schedule information is available on its Web site, including domestic code-share flights, a reporting carrier shall display the following information regarding the...) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS AIRLINE SERVICE QUALITY PERFORMANCE REPORTS § 234.11 Disclosure to consumers. (a...

14 CFR 234.11 - Disclosure to consumers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

.... (b) For each domestic flight for which schedule information is available on its Web site, including domestic code-share flights, a reporting carrier shall display the following information regarding the...) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS AIRLINE SERVICE QUALITY PERFORMANCE REPORTS § 234.11 Disclosure to consumers. (a...

14 CFR 259.7 - Response to consumer problems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS ENHANCED PROTECTIONS FOR AIRLINE PASSENGERS § 259.7 Response to consumer... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Response to consumer problems. 259.7... flights to cancel and which will be delayed the longest. (b) Informing consumers how to complain. Each...

77 FR 65882 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-31

... regulations providing guidance regarding reasonable policies and procedures that a user of consumer reports... of consumer reports to develop and implement reasonable policies and procedures designed to enable the user to form a reasonable belief that a consumer report relates to the consumer about whom it...

The level of consumer information about health insurance in Nanjing, China.

PubMed

Xu, Weiwei; Van de Ven, Wynand P M M

2014-01-01

The Chinese government is considering a (regulated) competitive healthcare system. Sufficient consumer information is a crucial pre-condition to benefit from such a change. We conducted a survey on the level of consumer information regarding health insurance among the insured population in Nanjing, China in 2009. The results from descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression demonstrate that the current level of consumer information about health insurance is low. The level of consumer information is positively correlated with the subscribers' motivation to obtain the information and its availability. The level of searching for health insurance information is also low; moreover, even upon searching, the chance of finding relevant information is less than 25%. We conclude that the level of consumer information is currently insufficient in China. If the Chinese government is determined to adopt market mechanisms in the healthcare sector, it should take the lead in making valid and reliable information publicly available and easily accessible. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

12 CFR 216.15 - Other exceptions to notice and opt out requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.), or (ii) From a consumer report reported by a consumer reporting... RESERVE SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Exceptions § 216.15 Other... consent or at the direction of the consumer, provided that the consumer has not revoked the consent or...

24 CFR 3282.417 - Recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MANUFACTURED HOME PROCEDURAL AND ENFORCEMENT REGULATIONS Consumer Complaint... forwarded the relevant consumer complaint or other information to the manufacturer in accordance with § 3282...

75 FR 29155 - Publicly Available Consumer Product Safety Information Database

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-24

...The Consumer Product Safety Commission (``Commission,'' ``CPSC,'' or ``we'') is issuing a notice of proposed rulemaking that would establish a publicly available consumer product safety information database (``database''). Section 212 of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (``CPSIA'') amended the Consumer Product Safety Act (``CPSA'') to require the Commission to establish and maintain a publicly available, searchable database on the safety of consumer products, and other products or substances regulated by the Commission. The proposed rule would interpret various statutory requirements pertaining to the information to be included in the database and also would establish provisions regarding submitting reports of harm; providing notice of reports of harm to manufacturers; publishing reports of harm and manufacturer comments in the database; and dealing with confidential and materially inaccurate information.

76 FR 19978 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for Office of Management and Budget Review...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-11

... Exposure Survey AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The U.S. Consumer....regulations.gov . A copy of the draft survey is available at http://www.regulations.gov under Docket No. CPSC... OMB for review and clearance: Durable Nursery Products Exposure Survey. On August 14, 2008, the...

78 FR 75349 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request; Extension

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-11

... its shared enforcement authority with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (``CFPB'') for information collection requirements contained in the CFPB's Regulation O. That clearance expires on January 31... to Rebecca Unruh, Attorney, Division of Financial Practices, Bureau of Consumer Protection, Federal...

76 FR 52383 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-22

... OMB: Title: 49 CFR 575--Consumer Information Regulations (sections 103 and 105) Quantitative Research... research and is now requesting to conduct follow- up quantitative research with consumers to assess current.... The results of that research phase were used to inform the quantitative phase of research which this...

16 CFR § 1101.11 - General application of provisions of section 6(b)(1).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Subject to Notice and Analysis Provisions of Section 6(b)(1) § 1101.11 General... notice and analysis provisions of section 6(b)(1), information must meet all the following criteria: (1...

75 FR 21955 - Semiannual Regulatory Agenda

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-26

... only the minimum required burdens on credit unions, consumers, and the public; are appropriate for the... Administration--Completed Actions Regulation Sequence Title Identifier Number Number 412 Privacy of Consumer... Actions 412. PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Legal Authority: 15 USC 6801 et seq Abstract: NCUA...

12 CFR 216.4 - Initial privacy notice to consumers required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Initial privacy notice to consumers required... SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 216.4 Initial privacy notice to consumers required. (a) Initial notice requirement. You must provide a clear and...

12 CFR 216.4 - Initial privacy notice to consumers required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Initial privacy notice to consumers required... SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 216.4 Initial privacy notice to consumers required. (a) Initial notice requirement. You must provide a clear and...

12 CFR 1016.4 - Initial privacy notice to consumers required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 8 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Initial privacy notice to consumers required. 1016.4 Section 1016.4 Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 1016.4 Initial privacy notice to...

12 CFR 717.83 - Disposal of consumer information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Section 717.83 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS... behalf of the credit union for a business purpose. Consumer information also means a compilation of such... for but does not receive a loan, including any loan sought by an individual for a business purpose; (D...

76 FR 71123 - Reports, Forms and Recordkeeping Requirements; Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-16

...--Consumer Information Regulations (sections 103 and 105) Quantitative Research. OMB Number: Not Assigned... Reduction Act of 1995, NHTSA conducted a qualitative phase of Consumer Research which included Focus Groups. Based upon the qualitative phase research results, NHTSA developed the materials for Phase 2 of the...

National Credit Union Administration Semiannual Regulatory Agenda

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-26

... only the minimum required burdens on credit unions, consumers, and the public; are appropriate for the... Administration--Completed Actions Regulation Sequence Title Identifier Number Number 412 Privacy of Consumer... Actions 412. PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Legal Authority: 15 USC 6801 et seq Abstract: NCUA...

16 CFR 1115.6 - Reporting of unreasonable risk of serious injury or death.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... injury or death. 1115.6 Section 1115.6 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SUBSTANTIAL PRODUCT HAZARD REPORTS General Interpretation § 1115.6..., distributor, and retailer of a consumer product distributed in commerce who obtains information which...

16 CFR § 1101.13 - Public ability to ascertain readily identity of manufacturer or private labeler.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Subject to Notice and Analysis Provisions of Section 6... advance notice and analysis provisions of section 6(b)(1) apply only when a reasonable person receiving...

16 CFR 1101.13 - Public ability to ascertain readily identity of manufacturer or private labeler.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Subject to Notice and Analysis Provisions of Section 6(b... advance notice and analysis provisions of section 6(b)(1) apply only when a reasonable person receiving...

16 CFR 1101.13 - Public ability to ascertain readily identity of manufacturer or private labeler.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Subject to Notice and Analysis Provisions of Section 6(b... advance notice and analysis provisions of section 6(b)(1) apply only when a reasonable person receiving...

16 CFR 1101.13 - Public ability to ascertain readily identity of manufacturer or private labeler.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Subject to Notice and Analysis Provisions of Section 6(b... advance notice and analysis provisions of section 6(b)(1) apply only when a reasonable person receiving...

16 CFR 1101.13 - Public ability to ascertain readily identity of manufacturer or private labeler.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Subject to Notice and Analysis Provisions of Section 6(b... advance notice and analysis provisions of section 6(b)(1) apply only when a reasonable person receiving...

Privacy and medical information on the Internet.

PubMed

Nelson, Steven B

2006-02-01

Health-care consumers are beginning to realize the presence and value of health-care information available on the Internet, but they need to be aware of risks that may be involved. In addition to delivering information, some Web sites collect information. Though not all of the information might be classified as protected health information, consumers need to realize what is collected and how it might be used. Consumers should know a Web site\\'s privacy policy before divulging any personal information. Health-care providers have a responsibility to know what information they are collecting and why. Web servers may collect large amounts of visitor information by default, and they should be modified to limit data collection to only what is necessary. Providers need to be cognizant of the many regulations concerning collection and disclosure of information obtained from consumers. Providers should also provide an easily understood privacy policy for users.

12 CFR 213.1 - Authority, scope, purpose, and enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Reserve System to implement the consumer leasing provisions of the Truth in Lending Act, which is Title I of the Consumer Credit Protection Act, as amended (15 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.). Information collection... SYSTEM CONSUMER LEASING (REGULATION M) § 213.1 Authority, scope, purpose, and enforcement. (a) Authority...

77 FR 40614 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Extension

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-10

... to increase the accuracy of consumer reports. Specifically, section 114 requires financial... regulations that provide guidance on what users of consumer reports must do when they receive a notice of... course of business: (1) Obtain or use consumer reports, directly or indirectly, in connection with a...

17 CFR 248.101 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.101 Purpose and scope. (a...”), regulates the use of consumer information received from an affiliate to make marketing solicitations. (b...

17 CFR 248.101 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.101 Purpose and scope. (a...”), regulates the use of consumer information received from an affiliate to make marketing solicitations. (b...

17 CFR 248.101 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.101 Purpose and scope. (a...”), regulates the use of consumer information received from an affiliate to make marketing solicitations. (b...

17 CFR 248.101 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.101 Purpose and scope. (a...”), regulates the use of consumer information received from an affiliate to make marketing solicitations. (b...

Benefit and risk information in prescription drug advertising: review of empirical studies and marketing implications.

PubMed

Kopp, S W; Bang, H K

2000-01-01

As pharmaceutical companies began to advertise prescription drugs directly to consumers as well as to physicians, understanding the impact of benefit and risk information in drug advertising on physicians and consumers has become more critical. This paper reviews previous empirical studies that examined the content of benefit and risk information in drug advertising and its potential effects on physicians' subsequent prescribing behaviors. It also reviews studies that investigated how consumers process information on a drug's efficacy and side effects. Based on the findings of these studies, implications are discussed for effective marketing information development as well as for government regulation.

17 CFR 248.101 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) REGULATIONS S-P, S-AM, AND S-ID Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.101 Purpose and...” or “Act”), regulates the use of consumer information received from an affiliate to make marketing...

12 CFR 216.6 - Information to be included in privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

.... 216.6 Section 216.6 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 216.6...) An explanation of the consumer's right under § 216.10(a) to opt out of the disclosure of nonpublic...

12 CFR 216.6 - Information to be included in privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

.... 216.6 Section 216.6 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 216.6...) An explanation of the consumer's right under § 216.10(a) to opt out of the disclosure of nonpublic...

77 FR 4914 - Consumer Information Regulations; Fees for Use of Traction Skid Pads

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-01

... found at 49 CFR 575.104. To aid consumers in making an informed choice in the purchase of passenger car..., App. B. Several commercial facilities also have traction skid pads. The current fees charged for use... these tires for purchase by manufacturers. Based on NHTSA's assessment using a ``market price'' analysis...

77 FR 63800 - Proposed Extension of Approval of Information Collection; Comment Request-Omnidirectional...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-17

...; Comment Request--Omnidirectional Citizens Band Base Station Antennas AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety... antennas. The collection of information is in regulations setting forth the Safety Standard for Omnidirectional Citizens Band Base Station Antennas (16 CFR part 1204). These regulations establish testing and...

77 FR 37660 - Withdrawal of Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-22

... of Information on Compliance Costs and Other Effects of Regulations.'' At this time, the Bureau... of Information on Compliance Costs and Other Effects of Regulations.'' Any comments the Bureau has... BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION Withdrawal of Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request...

77 FR 69738 - Truth in Lending (Regulation Z)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-21

... Lending (Regulation Z) AGENCY: Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection. ACTION: Final rule; official... the official interpretations for Regulation Z (Truth in Lending). The Bureau is required to adjust... Regulations, at (202) 435-7700. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background The Truth in Lending Act (TILA; 15 U...

This Article Makes You Smarter! (Or, Regulating Health and Wellness Claims).

PubMed

Duranske, Sarah

2017-03-01

Information has power - to inspire, to transform, and to harm. Recent technological advancements have enabled the creation of products that offer consumers direct access to a level of personal health information unprecedented in history. But how are we to balance the promise of health and wellness information with its risks? Two agencies are tasked with protecting consumers from false claims of health products: the FDA and the FTC. This Article investigates if they are up to the task. In part a study of agency policymaking choices, and in part a prescription for more thoughtful and focused regulation, this Article compares both intra-agency and inter-agency regulation of informational health and wellness products. Certain procedural and substantive characteristics of FDA regulation are unsuited to informational health and wellness products, rendering comprehensive regulation by the FDA unrealistic. This gap creates an opportunity for the FTC to use its distinct and well-tailored enforcement tools to police harmful product claims that escape the FDA's purview. I posit that by tailoring the FDA's responsibility and sustaining the FTC's engagement with health claims, the agencies can dovetail into a cohesive and comprehensive regulatory regime.

An assessment of direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs.

PubMed

Calfee, J E

2007-10-01

Advertising is widely seen by economists and regulators as beneficial to markets and consumers. The prescription drug market offers exceptional opportunities for direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) to provide new-product information, improve compliance, alleviate widespread underdiagnosis and undertreatment, and motivate new-product development.5 DTCA can also induce excess or even dangerous prescribing, however, partly because patients are poorly informed and usually pay far less than the full cost of drugs. Empirical research can help resolve these issues.

50 CFR 216.95 - Official mark for “Dolphin-safe” tuna products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... forth in the Dolphin Protection Consumer Information Act, 16 U.S.C. 1385, and implementing regulations... mark on labels must allow the consumer to identify the official mark and be similar in design and scale...

16 CFR § 1102.44 - Applicability of sections 6(a) and (b) of the CPSA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE... § 1102.10(d) in the Database. (b) Limitation on construction. Section 1102.44(a) shall not be construed...

17 CFR 248.16 - Protection of Fair Credit Reporting Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-P: Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguarding Personal Information Relation to Other Laws; Effective Date § 248.16 Protection of Fair Credit... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Protection of Fair Credit...

Consumer concerns: motivating to action.

PubMed Central

Bruhn, C. M.

1997-01-01

Microbiologic safety is consumers' most frequently volunteered food safety concern. An increase in the level of concern in recent years suggests that consumers are more receptive to educational information. However, changing lifestyles have lessened the awareness of foodborne illness, especially among younger consumers. Failure to fully recognize the symptoms or sources of foodborne disease prevents consumers from taking corrective action. Consumer education messages should include the ubiquity of microorganisms, a comprehensive description of foodborne illnesses, and prevention strategies. Product labels should contain food-handling information and warnings for special populations, and foods processed by newer safety-enhancing technologies should be more widely available. Knowledge of the consequences of unsafe practices can enhance motivation and adherence to safety guidelines. When consumers mishandle food during preparation, the health community, food industry, regulators, and the media are ultimately responsible. Whether inappropriate temperature control, poor hygiene, or another factor, the error occurs because consumers have not been informed about how to handle food and protect themselves. The food safety message has not been delivered effectively. PMID:9366604

Nutrition labelling: a review of research on consumer and industry response in the global South.

PubMed

Mandle, Jessie; Tugendhaft, Aviva; Michalow, Julia; Hofman, Karen

2015-01-01

To identify peer-reviewed research on consumers' usage and attitudes towards the nutrition label and the food industry's response to labelling regulations outside Europe, North America, and Australia and to determine knowledge gaps for future research. Narrative review. This review identified nutrition labelling research from 20 countries in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America. Consumers prefer that pre-packaged food include nutrition information, although there is a disparity between rates of use and comprehension. Consumer preference is for front-of-pack labelling and for information that shows per serving or portion as a reference unit, and label formats with graphics or symbols. Research on the food and beverage industry's response is more limited but shows that industry plays an active role in influencing legislation and regulation. Consumers around the world share preferences with consumers in higher income countries with respect to labelling. However, this may reflect the research study populations, who are often better educated than the general population. Investigation is required into how nutrition labels are received in emerging economies especially among the urban and rural poor, in order to assess the effectiveness of labelling policies. Further research into the outlook of the food and beverage industry, and also on expanded labelling regulations is a priority. Sharing context-specific research regarding labelling between countries in the global South could be mutually beneficial in evaluating obesity prevention policies and strategies.

Encouraging Maternal Sacrifice: How Regulations Governing the Consumption of Pharmaceuticals During Pregnancy Prioritize Fetal Safety over Maternal Health and Autonomy.

PubMed

Donley, Greer

Pregnant women are routinely faced with the stressful decision of whether to consume needed medications during their pregnancies. Because the risks associated with pharmaceutical drug consumption during pregnancy are largely unknown, pregnant women both inadvertently consume dangerous medications and avoid needed drugs. Both outcomes are harmful to pregnant women and their fetuses. This unparalleled lack of drug safety information is a result of ill-conceived, paternalistic regulations in two areas of the law: regulations governing ethical research in human subjects and regulations that dictate the required labels on drugs. The former categorizes pregnant women as "vulnerable" and thus precludes them from most medical research. The result is that ninety-one percent of drugs lack any reliable safety information for pregnant consumers. The latter currently requires all drug labels to encourage drug avoidance during pregnancy, despite ample evidence that avoiding needed medications can harm pregnant women. On June 30, 2015, new pregnancy labeling regulations took effect. Though these regulations make important improvements, they continue to treat pregnant women unlike any population, including other unique subpopulations, such as children. As a result, the new regulations do not fix the problem of over-warning pregnant women about the risks of drug consumption. This article questions the legitimacy of both regulations and suggests three reforms for how to improve access to vital safety information: (1) amend the regulations governing ethical research in human subjects to reclassify pregnant women as non-vulnerable adults; (2) create incentives to generate safety data in pregnant women by granting a period of market exclusivity for drug companies that invest in this research; and (3) make the FDA pregnancy labeling regulations consistent with the routine FDA practice of requiring the display of balanced, human data on risk.

75 FR 10972 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Certification, Compliance, and Enforcement...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-09

... Request; Certification, Compliance, and Enforcement Requirements for Consumer Products and Certain... water conservation standards and test procedures for consumer products and certain commercial and... and certification reports for these ballasts. These regulations appear elsewhere in today's Federal...

Direct-to-consumer advertising: developing evidence-based policy to improve retention and comprehension.

PubMed

Riggs, David L; Holdsworth, Stacy M; McAvoy, David R

2004-01-01

Pharmaceutical advertising was historically directed toward health care professionals and mainly communicated through medical journals. The arrival of direct-to-consumer advertising has sparked both praise and criticism. Although current Food and Drug Administration requirements for drug promotion were written from a health care professional perspective, the same regulations have been applied to advertising directed at consumers. This has led to questions regarding the appropriate method for communicating detailed medical information. Rigorous research is needed to evaluate and determine the most effective format for communicating benefit and risk information to consumers. New standards for drug advertising to consumers should be grounded in data derived from this type of research.

The lifestylisation of healthcare? ‘Consumer genomics’ and mobile health as technologies for healthy lifestyle

PubMed Central

Lucivero, Federica; Prainsack, Barbara

2015-01-01

Consumer genomics and mobile health provide health-related information to individuals and offer advice for lifestyle change. These ‘technologies for healthy lifestyle’ occupy an ambiguous space between the highly regulated medical domain and the less regulated consumer market. We argue that this ambiguity challenges implicit distinctions between what is medical and what is related to personal lifestyle choices within current regulatory systems. In this article, we discuss how consumer genomics and mobile health devices give rise to new ways of creating (and making sense of) health-related knowledge. We also address some of the implications of harnessing, rather than denying, the hybridity of mobile health devices, being situated between medical devices and consumer products, between health and lifestyle. PMID:26937349

Coming to grips with consumerism. [Panel answers on utility operations and problems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Utility companies, as regulated monopolies, are facing increasing questioning and challenges from consumers. Representatives of the Consumer Federation of America, The Department of Energy, and Edison Electric Institute discuss the kind of information that consumers want and how they can get satisfactory responses from utility companies. The movement, seen as a healthy way for citizens to understand how utilities operate and to learn how to communicate their concerns, is assuming more of a conciliatory than adversary nature. In a panel discussion, the participants outline the issues of communication, rate structure, public relations, utility decision making, and regulation.

17 CFR 248.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Revised privacy notices. 248.8...) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-P: Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguarding Personal Information Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 248.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except as otherwise...

17 CFR 248.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Revised privacy notices. 248.8...) REGULATIONS S-P, S-AM, AND S-ID Regulation S-P: Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguarding Personal Information Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 248.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except...

17 CFR 248.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Revised privacy notices. 248.8...) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-P: Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguarding Personal Information Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 248.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except as otherwise...

17 CFR 248.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Revised privacy notices. 248.8...) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-P: Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguarding Personal Information Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 248.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except as otherwise...

17 CFR 248.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Revised privacy notices. 248.8...) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-P: Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguarding Personal Information Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 248.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except as otherwise...

Direct-to-consumer genetic testing: good, bad or benign?

PubMed

Caulfield, T; Ries, N M; Ray, P N; Shuman, C; Wilson, B

2010-02-01

A wide variety of genetic tests are now being marketed and sold in direct-to-consumer (DTC) commercial transactions. However, risk information revealed through many DTC testing services, especially those based on emerging genome wide-association studies, has limited predictive value for consumers. Some commentators contend that tests are being marketed prematurely, while others support rapid translation of genetic research findings to the marketplace. The potential harms and benefits of DTC access to genetic testing are not yet well understood, but some large-scale studies have recently been launched to examine how consumers understand and use genetic risk information. Greater consumer access to genetic tests creates a need for continuing education for health care professionals so they can respond to patients' inquiries about the benefits, risks and limitations of DTC services. Governmental bodies in many jurisdictions are considering options for regulating practices of DTC genetic testing companies, particularly to govern quality of commercial genetic tests and ensure fair and truthful advertising. Intersectoral initiatives involving government regulators, professional bodies and industry are important to facilitate development of standards to govern this rapidly developing area of personalized genomic commerce.

Fair Balance? An Analysis of the Functional Equivalence of Risk and Benefit Information in Prescription Drug Direct-to-Consumer Television Advertising

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baird-Harris, Kay

2009-01-01

Prescription drug direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) has been a subject of controversy in recent years. Though government regulations require equivalent prominence of risks and benefits, there is concern about the ability of consumers with limited health literacy to fully comprehend the risks and benefits associated with drug use. Evaluating…

Regulating Information or Allowing Deception? Pharmaceutical Sales Visits in Canada, France, and the United States.

PubMed

Habibi, Roojin; Guénette, Line; Lexchin, Joel; Reynolds, Ellen; Wiktorowicz, Mary; Mintzes, Barbara

2016-12-01

Diverse legal and regulatory measures are used internationally to control the information provided during pharmaceutical sales visits. Little is known about the comparative effectiveness of these measures however. We analyzed the perceptions of regulators, pharmaceutical industry officials, health professionals, and consumer respondents concerning these approaches in Canada, France, and the United States using an empirical realist interests-based approach. Interviews focused on the aims and effectiveness of regulation, barriers and enablers to regulation and suggestions for improvement. An alignment was found in North America regulator and industry respondents' satisfaction with the status quo and their view that further intervention is unfeasible and unnecessary. Health professionals generally expressed a lack of confidence in the impact of regulations on sales visit information while consumer advocates voiced their disappointment in both regulators and health professionals for their failure to counteract the influence of pharmaceutical marketing. Regulator and industry respondents in France differed from their North American counterparts in their willingness to increase and diversify the scope of regulatory interventions. As the first international comparison of regulatory experiences in this sector, the findings highlight the universal need for more focused and inclusive discussions among groups about how to tailor regulations to achieve public health goals.

The Universities and Federal Regulation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crowley, John C.

The impact of increasing federal regulation on American universities is discussed based on an informal survey of senior academic and administrative officials in 13 public and private universities. As government regulation is becoming more intensive and compliance more resource- and time-consuming, government is perceived as having little…

16 CFR 1115.7 - Relation to other provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 1115.7 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SUBSTANTIAL PRODUCT HAZARD REPORTS General Interpretation § 1115.7 Relation to other provisions. The reporting... CPSA. Section 37 requires a product manufacturer to report certain kinds of lawsuit information. It is...

Influence of the dietary supplement health and education act on consumer beliefs about the safety and effectiveness of dietary supplements.

PubMed

Dodge, Tonya; Litt, Dana; Kaufman, Annette

2011-03-01

The authors conducted two studies to examine the influence of the U.S. Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) on consumer beliefs about the safety and effectiveness of dietary supplements. Study 1 manipulated information about Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in the context of a dietary supplement designed to improve immune system functioning. Study 2 tested the effect of an educational intervention designed to improve knowledge about the DSHEA. Results of Study 1 highlighted deficits in consumer knowledge about FDA regulation of dietary supplements. Results also showed that information about FDA approval failed to have a statistically significant effect on beliefs about safety or effectiveness of the dietary supplement. Results of Study 2 showed that participants who were educated about the regulation of dietary supplements under the DSHEA rated dietary supplements as less safe and less effective than did participants in the control condition. The authors discuss the implications for consumers in the United States and for public policy.

Consumer advertising of psychiatric medications biases the public against nonpharmacological treatment.

PubMed

Lacasse, Jeffrey R

2005-01-01

In the United States, antidepressant medications are heavily promoted through direct-to-consumer advertising, which is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Advertisements for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors frequently contain information inconsistent with the scientific evidence on the treatment of depression with antidepressants. The information presented serves to promote the use of antidepressants by biasing the public against nonpharmacological treatment of depression. While the FDA enforces regulations requiring fair and balanced presentation when comparing one medication to another, there appears to be no action taken against pharmaceutical companies that distort scientific evidence in order to disparage nonmedical approaches to depression.

77 FR 8721 - Home Mortgage Disclosure (Regulation C)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-15

... Home Mortgage Disclosure (Regulation C) AGENCY: Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection. ACTION: Final... a final rule amending the official commentary that interprets the requirements of Regulation C (Home.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975, as amended (HMDA; 12 U.S.C. 2801 et seq...

16 CFR 1102.24 - Designation of confidential information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... ACT REGULATIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE Procedural... allegedly confidential information is not placed in the database, a request for designation of confidential... publication in the Database until it makes a determination regarding confidential treatment. (e) Assistance...

16 CFR 1102.24 - Designation of confidential information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... ACT REGULATIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE Procedural... allegedly confidential information is not placed in the database, a request for designation of confidential... publication in the Database until it makes a determination regarding confidential treatment. (e) Assistance...

Comparison of international food allergen labeling regulations.

PubMed

Gendel, Steven M

2012-07-01

Food allergy is a significant public health issue worldwide. Regulatory risk management strategies for allergic consumers have focused on providing information about the presence of food allergens through label declarations. A number of countries and regulatory bodies have recognized the importance of providing this information by enacting laws, regulations or standards for food allergen labeling of "priority allergens". However, different governments and organizations have taken different approaches to identifying these "priority allergens" and to designing labeling declaration regulatory frameworks. The increasing volume of the international food trade suggests that there would be value in supporting sensitive consumers by harmonizing (to the extent possible) these regulatory frameworks. As a first step toward this goal, an inventory of allergen labeling regulations was assembled and analyzed to identify commonalities, differences, and future needs. Published by Elsevier Inc.

12 CFR 716.17 - Relation to state laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... if the protection such statute, regulation, order or interpretation affords any consumer is greater... CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Relation to Other Laws; Effective Date § 716.17 Relation to state laws. (a... extent of the inconsistency. (b) Greater protection under state law. For purposes of this section, a...

77 FR 77187 - Electronic Fund Transfers (Regulation E)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-31

... section 1073 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act regarding remittance.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Overview Section 1073 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection... providers, section 1073 creates a new EFTA section 919, and generally requires: (i) The provision of...

Chemicals in Household Products: Problems with Solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glegg, Gillian A.; Richards, Jonathan P.

2007-12-01

The success of a regulatory regime in decreasing point-source emissions of some harmful chemicals has highlighted the significance of other sources. A growing number of potentially harmful chemicals have been incorporated into an expanding range of domestic household products and are sold worldwide. Tighter regulation has been proposed, and the European Commission has introduced the Regulation on the Registration, Evaluation, and Authorisation of Chemicals to address this concern. However, it is clear that in addition to the regulation, there is a potential to effect change through retailer and consumer attitudes and behaviours. Interviews were conducted with 7 key stakeholder groups to identify critical issues, which were then explored using a public survey questionnaire (1,008 respondents) and 8 subsequent focus groups. The findings demonstrated that the issue of chemicals in products is of concern to consumers for reasons of personal health rather than environmental protection. Key obstacles to the wider purchase of “green-alternative” products included perceived high cost and poor performance, lack of availability of products, and poor information concerning such products. Although improved regulation was seen as part of the solution, consumers must also play a role. It was clear from this study that consumers are not currently able to make informed choices about the chemicals they use but that they would be receptive to moving toward a more sustainable use of chemicals in the future if empowered to do so.

Chemicals in household products: problems with solutions.

PubMed

Glegg, Gillian A; Richards, Jonathan P

2007-12-01

The success of a regulatory regime in decreasing point-source emissions of some harmful chemicals has highlighted the significance of other sources. A growing number of potentially harmful chemicals have been incorporated into an expanding range of domestic household products and are sold worldwide. Tighter regulation has been proposed, and the European Commission has introduced the Regulation on the Registration, Evaluation, and Authorisation of Chemicals to address this concern. However, it is clear that in addition to the regulation, there is a potential to effect change through retailer and consumer attitudes and behaviours. Interviews were conducted with 7 key stakeholder groups to identify critical issues, which were then explored using a public survey questionnaire (1,008 respondents) and 8 subsequent focus groups. The findings demonstrated that the issue of chemicals in products is of concern to consumers for reasons of personal health rather than environmental protection. Key obstacles to the wider purchase of "green-alternative" products included perceived high cost and poor performance, lack of availability of products, and poor information concerning such products. Although improved regulation was seen as part of the solution, consumers must also play a role. It was clear from this study that consumers are not currently able to make informed choices about the chemicals they use but that they would be receptive to moving toward a more sustainable use of chemicals in the future if empowered to do so.

76 FR 2309 - Consumer Information Regulations; Fees for Use of Traction Skid Pads

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-13

....regulations.gov , including any personal information provided. Privacy Act: Anyone is able to search the....). You may review DOT's complete Privacy Act Statement in the Federal Register published on April 11, 2000 (65 FR 19477-78) or you may visit http://www.dot.gov/privacy.html . Docket: For access to the...

Consumer Behavior Under Conflicting Information Provided by Interested Parties: Implications for Equilibrium in the Market for Credence Goods.

PubMed

Russo, Carlo; Tufi, Eleonora

2016-01-01

Incomplete information in food consumption is a relevant topic in agricultural economics. This paper proposes a theoretical model describing consumer behavior, market equilibrium and public intervention in an industry where consumers must rely on the information of interested parties such as producers or associations. We provide simple game theory model showing the link between price competition and the strategic use of information. If information are unverifiable (as in the case of credence attributes) firms may have no incentive to advertise true claims and consumer decisions may be biased. Our model incorporates the opportunistic behavior of self-interested information providers. The result is a model of competition in prices and information finding a potential for market failure and public intervention. In the paper we discuss the efficiency of three possible regulations: banning false claims, subsidizing advertising campaigns, and public statement if favor of true claims. In that context, some recent patents related to both the regulatory compliance in communication and to the reduction of asymmetric information between producers and consumers have been considered. Finally, we found that the efficiency of these policy tools is affected by the reputation of trustworthiness of the firms.

Attitudes towards Social Networking and Sharing Behaviors among Consumers of Direct-to-Consumer Personal Genomics

PubMed Central

Lee, Sandra Soo-Jin; Vernez, Simone L.; Ormond, K.E.; Granovetter, Mark

2013-01-01

Little is known about how consumers of direct-to-consumer personal genetic services share personal genetic risk information. In an age of ubiquitous online networking and rapid development of social networking tools, understanding how consumers share personal genetic risk assessments is critical in the development of appropriate and effective policies. This exploratory study investigates how consumers share personal genetic information and attitudes towards social networking behaviors. Methods: Adult participants aged 23 to 72 years old who purchased direct-to-consumer genetic testing from a personal genomics company were administered a web-based survey regarding their sharing activities and social networking behaviors related to their personal genetic test results. Results: 80 participants completed the survey; of those, 45% shared results on Facebook and 50.9% reported meeting or reconnecting with more than 10 other individuals through the sharing of their personal genetic information. For help interpreting test results, 70.4% turned to Internet websites and online sources, compared to 22.7% who consulted their healthcare providers. Amongst participants, 51.8% reported that they believe the privacy of their personal genetic information would be breached in the future. Conclusion: Consumers actively utilize online social networking tools to help them share and interpret their personal genetic information. These findings suggest a need for careful consideration of policy recommendations in light of the current ambiguity of regulation and oversight of consumer initiated sharing activities. PMID:25562728

Attitudes towards Social Networking and Sharing Behaviors among Consumers of Direct-to-Consumer Personal Genomics.

PubMed

Lee, Sandra Soo-Jin; Vernez, Simone L; Ormond, K E; Granovetter, Mark

2013-10-14

Little is known about how consumers of direct-to-consumer personal genetic services share personal genetic risk information. In an age of ubiquitous online networking and rapid development of social networking tools, understanding how consumers share personal genetic risk assessments is critical in the development of appropriate and effective policies. This exploratory study investigates how consumers share personal genetic information and attitudes towards social networking behaviors. Adult participants aged 23 to 72 years old who purchased direct-to-consumer genetic testing from a personal genomics company were administered a web-based survey regarding their sharing activities and social networking behaviors related to their personal genetic test results. 80 participants completed the survey; of those, 45% shared results on Facebook and 50.9% reported meeting or reconnecting with more than 10 other individuals through the sharing of their personal genetic information. For help interpreting test results, 70.4% turned to Internet websites and online sources, compared to 22.7% who consulted their healthcare providers. Amongst participants, 51.8% reported that they believe the privacy of their personal genetic information would be breached in the future. Consumers actively utilize online social networking tools to help them share and interpret their personal genetic information. These findings suggest a need for careful consideration of policy recommendations in light of the current ambiguity of regulation and oversight of consumer initiated sharing activities.

76 FR 43874 - Privacy of Consumer Financial Information; Conforming Amendments Under Dodd-Frank Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-22

... pool operators (``CPOs''), and introducing brokers (``IBs''). The scope of the part 160 rules mirrors... respect to those Commission-regulated entities that were previously complying with part 160--FCMs, IBs... regulations currently applies to several types of Commission-regulated entities, including FCMs, IBs, CTAs...

7 CFR 1212.107 - Confidential information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Confidential information. 1212.107 Section 1212.107 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... RESEARCH, PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Referendum Procedures § 1212.107...

16 CFR § 1102.24 - Designation of confidential information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE Procedural... allegedly confidential information is not placed in the database, a request for designation of confidential... publication in the Database until it makes a determination regarding confidential treatment. (e) Assistance...

12 CFR 216.11 - Limits on redisclosure and reuse of information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... RESERVE SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Limits on Disclosures § 216.11... disclose that information to a third party for marketing purposes or use that information for your own marketing purposes. (b)(1) Information you receive outside of an exception. If you receive nonpublic...

Regulating automobile pollution under certainty, competition, and imperfect information

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Innes, R.

1996-09-01

This paper studies an integrated economic model of automobile emissions that incorporates consumer mileage, automobile features, and fuel content choices. Optimal regulatory policies are shown to include fuel content standards, gasoline taxes, and direct automobile regulation or taxation.

16 CFR 1117.7 - Confidentiality of reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 1117.7 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS... Confidentiality of reports. The confidentiality provisions of section 6 of the CPSA, 15 U.S.C. 2055, apply to... protection afforded to information submitted under section 15(b), in accordance with section 6(b)(5) of the...

Truth in Leasing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington, DC.

Designed for the general public and possibly suitable also for high school economics students, this pamphlet discusses the Consumer Leasing Act. The act requires leasing companies to inform consumers of the costs and terms of their contracts, limits any extra payments at the end of a lease, and regulates lease advertising. The pamphlet focuses on…

78 FR 14909 - Pork Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Program; Section 610 Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-08

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Agricultural Marketing Service 7 CFR Part 1230 [Doc. No. AMS-LS-07-0143... Marketing Service, USDA. ACTION: Confirmation of regulations. SUMMARY: This document summarizes the results of an Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) review of the Pork Promotion, Research, and Consumer...

75 FR 58539 - Regulation Z; Truth in Lending

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-24

... informed use of credit resulting from consumers' awareness of the cost of credit. One of the purposes of... some cases, deciding whether to issue a proposed rule. Beginning in 2007, the Board proposed revisions... that specializes in designing and testing documents, to conduct consumer testing to help the Board's...

12 CFR 222.22 - Scope and duration of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... SYSTEM (CONTINUED) FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 222.22 Scope and duration... consumer's election to opt out prohibits any affiliate covered by the opt-out notice from using eligibility information received from another affiliate as described in the notice to make solicitations to the consumer...

12 CFR 222.22 - Scope and duration of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... SYSTEM (CONTINUED) FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 222.22 Scope and duration... consumer's election to opt out prohibits any affiliate covered by the opt-out notice from using eligibility information received from another affiliate as described in the notice to make solicitations to the consumer...

12 CFR 1016.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 8 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Revised privacy notices. 1016.8 Section 1016.8 Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 1016.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except as...

12 CFR 1016.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 8 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Revised privacy notices. 1016.8 Section 1016.8 Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 1016.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except as...

12 CFR 1016.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 8 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Revised privacy notices. 1016.8 Section 1016.8 Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 1016.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except as...

12 CFR 1005.9 - Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) General § 1005.9 Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic statements. (a... institution shall make a receipt available to a consumer at the time the consumer initiates an electronic fund transfer at an electronic terminal. The receipt shall set forth the following information, as applicable...

12 CFR 1005.9 - Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) General § 1005.9 Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic statements. (a... institution shall make a receipt available to a consumer at the time the consumer initiates an electronic fund transfer at an electronic terminal. The receipt shall set forth the following information, as applicable...

12 CFR 1005.9 - Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) § 1005.9 Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic statements. (a) Receipts at... shall make a receipt available to a consumer at the time the consumer initiates an electronic fund transfer at an electronic terminal. The receipt shall set forth the following information, as applicable...

16 CFR 1101.21 - Form of notice and opportunity to comment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... other relevant information the Commission intends to include with the disclosure. If the Commission... information, including a request for explanatory data or other relevant information for the Commission's... ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Procedure...

Consumer Awareness of Fast-Food Calorie Information in New York City After Implementation of a Menu Labeling Regulation

PubMed Central

Huang, Christina Y.; Bassett, Mary T.; Silver, Lynn D.

2010-01-01

Objectives. We assessed consumer awareness of menu calorie information at fast-food chains after the introduction of New York City's health code regulation requiring these chains to display food-item calories on menus and menu boards. Methods. At 45 restaurants representing the 15 largest fast-food chains in the city, we conducted cross-sectional surveys 3 months before and 3 months after enforcement began. At both time points, customers were asked if they had seen calorie information and, if so, whether it had affected their purchase. Data were weighted to the number of city locations for each chain. Results. We collected 1188 surveys pre-enforcement and 1229 surveys postenforcement. Before enforcement, 25% of customers reported seeing calorie information; postenforcement, this figure rose to 64% (P < .001; 38% and 72%, weighted). Among customers who saw calorie information postenforcement, 27% said they used the information, which represents a 2-fold increase in the percentage of customers making calorie-informed choices (10% vs 20%, weighted; P < .001). Conclusions. Posting calorie information on menu boards increases the number of people who see and use this information. Since enforcement of New York's calorie labeling regulation began, approximately 1 million New York adults have seen calorie information each day. PMID:20966367

Consumer awareness of fast-food calorie information in New York City after implementation of a menu labeling regulation.

PubMed

Dumanovsky, Tamara; Huang, Christina Y; Bassett, Mary T; Silver, Lynn D

2010-12-01

We assessed consumer awareness of menu calorie information at fast-food chains after the introduction of New York City's health code regulation requiring these chains to display food-item calories on menus and menu boards. At 45 restaurants representing the 15 largest fast-food chains in the city, we conducted cross-sectional surveys 3 months before and 3 months after enforcement began. At both time points, customers were asked if they had seen calorie information and, if so, whether it had affected their purchase. Data were weighted to the number of city locations for each chain. We collected 1188 surveys pre-enforcement and 1229 surveys postenforcement. Before enforcement, 25% of customers reported seeing calorie information; postenforcement, this figure rose to 64% (P < .001; 38% and 72%, weighted). Among customers who saw calorie information postenforcement, 27% said they used the information, which represents a 2-fold increase in the percentage of customers making calorie-informed choices (10% vs 20%, weighted; P < .001). Posting calorie information on menu boards increases the number of people who see and use this information. Since enforcement of New York's calorie labeling regulation began, approximately 1 million New York adults have seen calorie information each day.

16 CFR § 1101.51 - Commission interpretation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Retraction § 1101.51... publish a retraction of such inaccurate or misleading information. (b) Scope. Section 6(b)(7) applies to...

Patients push for price data. Lawsuits, regulations could cause consumers nationwide to start seeking more transparency from hospitals on outpatient fees.

PubMed

Becker, Cinda

2006-11-20

Lawsuits over hospital outpatient fees, including a case at Virginia Mason Medical Center, could prompt consumers nationwide to seek more information about their bills. The issue highlights the turf battle between physician- or corporate-owned clinics and competing hospital facilities, and how they're marketed. "We absolutely agree that patients need full information", says Virginia Mason's Sarah Patterson, left.

16 CFR 1102.24 - Designation of confidential information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... ACT REGULATIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE (Eff. Jan. 10, 2011... allegedly confidential information is not placed in the database, a request for designation of confidential... publication in the Database until it makes a determination regarding confidential treatment. (e) Assistance...

Current ethical and legal issues in health-related direct-to-consumer genetic testing.

PubMed

Niemiec, Emilia; Kalokairinou, Louiza; Howard, Heidi Carmen

2017-09-01

A variety of health-related genetic testing is currently advertized directly to consumers. This article provides a timely overview of direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC GT) and salient ethical issues, as well as an analysis of the impact of the recently adopted regulation on in vitro diagnostic medical devices on DTC GT. DTC GT companies currently employ new testing approaches, report on a wide spectrum of conditions and target new groups of consumers. Such activities raise ethical issues including the questionable analytic and clinical validity of tests, the adequacy of informed consent, potentially misleading advertizing, testing in children, research uses and commercialization of genomic data. The recently adopted regulation on in vitro diagnostic medical devices may limit the offers of predisposition DTC GT in the EU market.

Global harmonization of food safety regulation from the perspective of Korea and a novel fast automatic product recall system.

PubMed

Sohn, Mun-Gi; Oh, Sangsuk

2014-08-01

Efforts have been made for global harmonization of food safety regulations among countries through international organizations such as WTO and WHO/FAO. Global harmonization of food safety regulations is becoming increasingly important for Korean consumers because more than half of food and agricultural products are imported and consumed. Through recent reorganization of the Korean government, a consolidated national food safety authority-the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS)-has been established for more efficient food safety control and better communication with consumers. The Automatic Sales Blocking System (ASBS), which blocks the sales of the recalled food products at the point of sale, has been implemented at over 40,000 retail food stores around the nation using state-of-the art information and communication technology (ICT) for faster recall of adulterated food products, and the e-Food Safety Control System has been developed for more efficient monitoring of national food safety surveillance situations. The National Food Safety Information Service was also established for monitoring and collecting food safety information and incidents worldwide, and shares relevant information with all stakeholders. The new approaches adopted by the Korean Food Safety Authority are expected to enhance public trust with regard to food safety issues and expedite the recall process of adulterated products from the market. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.

75 FR 80817 - Office of Consumer Information and Insurance Oversight; Agency Information Collection Activities...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-23

... implementing regulations at 45 CFR part 149, employment-based plans that offer health benefits to early retirees and their spouses, surviving spouses and dependents are eligible under a temporary program to...

Do Consumers Want More Nutritional and Health Information on Wine Labels? Insights from the EU and USA.

PubMed

Annunziata, Azzurra; Pomarici, Eugenio; Vecchio, Riccardo; Mariani, Angela

2016-07-07

The global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol launched in 2010 by the World Health Organization includes, amongst several areas of recommended actions, providing consumer information about, and labelling, alcoholic beverages to indicate alcohol-related harm. Labelling requirements worldwide for alcoholic drinks are currently quite diverse and somewhat limited compared to labelling on food products and on tobacco. In this context, the current paper contributes to the academic and political debate on the inclusion of nutritional and health information on wine labelling, providing some insights into consumer interest in, and preferences for, such information in four core wine-producing and -consuming countries: Italy, France, Spain, and the United States of America. A rating-based conjoint analysis was performed in order to ascertain consumer preferences for different formats of additional information on wine labels, and a segmentation of the sample was performed to determine the existence of homogeneous groups of consumers in relation to the degrees of usefulness attached to the nutritional and health information on wine labels. Our results highlight the interest expressed by European and United States consumers for introducing nutrition and health information on wine labels. However, the results of conjoint analysis show some significant differences among stated preferences of the information delivery modes in different countries. In addition, segmentation analysis reveal the existence of significant differences between consumer groups with respect to their interest in receiving additional information on wine labels. These differences are not only linked to the geographic origin of the consumers, or to socio-demographic variables, but are also related to wine consumption habits, attitudes towards nutritional information, and the degree of involvement with wine. This heterogeneity of consumer preferences indicates a need for a careful consideration of wine labelling regulations and merits further investigation in order to identify labelling guidelines in terms of the message content and presentation method to be used.

Do Consumers Want More Nutritional and Health Information on Wine Labels? Insights from the EU and USA

PubMed Central

Annunziata, Azzurra; Pomarici, Eugenio; Vecchio, Riccardo; Mariani, Angela

2016-01-01

The global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol launched in 2010 by the World Health Organization includes, amongst several areas of recommended actions, providing consumer information about, and labelling, alcoholic beverages to indicate alcohol-related harm. Labelling requirements worldwide for alcoholic drinks are currently quite diverse and somewhat limited compared to labelling on food products and on tobacco. In this context, the current paper contributes to the academic and political debate on the inclusion of nutritional and health information on wine labelling, providing some insights into consumer interest in, and preferences for, such information in four core wine-producing and -consuming countries: Italy, France, Spain, and the United States of America. A rating-based conjoint analysis was performed in order to ascertain consumer preferences for different formats of additional information on wine labels, and a segmentation of the sample was performed to determine the existence of homogeneous groups of consumers in relation to the degrees of usefulness attached to the nutritional and health information on wine labels. Our results highlight the interest expressed by European and United States consumers for introducing nutrition and health information on wine labels. However, the results of conjoint analysis show some significant differences among stated preferences of the information delivery modes in different countries. In addition, segmentation analysis reveal the existence of significant differences between consumer groups with respect to their interest in receiving additional information on wine labels. These differences are not only linked to the geographic origin of the consumers, or to socio-demographic variables, but are also related to wine consumption habits, attitudes towards nutritional information, and the degree of involvement with wine. This heterogeneity of consumer preferences indicates a need for a careful consideration of wine labelling regulations and merits further investigation in order to identify labelling guidelines in terms of the message content and presentation method to be used. PMID:27399767

78 FR 2662 - Proposed Extension of Approval of Information Collection; Comment Request: Safety Standard for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-14

... Information Collection; Comment Request: Safety Standard for Cigarette Lighters AGENCY: Consumer Product... disposable and novelty cigarette lighters. This collection of information consists of testing and recordkeeping requirements in certification regulations implementing the Safety Standard for Cigarette Lighters...

The Report of the Second National Conference on Consumer Protection in Postsecondary Education. Report No. 64.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Education Commission of the States, Denver, CO.

The second National Conference on Consumer Protection in Postsecondary Education was a series of seminars on specific issues. The topics under discussion were (1) protecting the student financial interest; (2) student information needs and systems; (3) postsecondary education institutional responses; (4) regulations and safeguards; and (5) full…

76 FR 79025 - Privacy of Consumer Financial Information (Regulation P)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-21

... who has a customer relationship with you. (j)(1) Customer relationship means a continuing relationship... examples, and for purposes of this part only, in the case of a credit union, a customer relationship will... consumers and customers.\\2\\ Prior to July 21, 2011, rulemaking authority for the privacy provisions of the...

76 FR 81019 - Electronic Fund Transfers (Regulation E)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-27

... public comment. SUMMARY: Title X of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd... CFR Part 205. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) \\1...,'' because it was designed to be informational only and is unnecessary for the implementation of the EFTA, as...

12 CFR 1016.9 - Delivering privacy and opt out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 8 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Delivering privacy and opt out notices. 1016.9 Section 1016.9 Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 1016.9 Delivering privacy and opt out notices. (a...

12 CFR 1016.2 - Model privacy form and examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 8 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Model privacy form and examples. 1016.2 Section 1016.2 Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) § 1016.2 Model privacy form and examples. (a) Model privacy form. Use of the model...

12 CFR 1016.2 - Model privacy form and examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 8 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Model privacy form and examples. 1016.2 Section 1016.2 Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) § 1016.2 Model privacy form and examples. (a) Model privacy form. Use of the model...

12 CFR 1016.5 - Annual privacy notice to customers required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 8 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Annual privacy notice to customers required. 1016.5 Section 1016.5 Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 1016.5 Annual privacy notice to customers...

12 CFR 1016.2 - Model privacy form and examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 8 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Model privacy form and examples. 1016.2 Section 1016.2 Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) § 1016.2 Model privacy form and examples. (a) Model privacy form. Use of the model...

Nutrition labelling: a review of research on consumer and industry response in the global South

PubMed Central

Mandle, Jessie; Tugendhaft, Aviva; Michalow, Julia; Hofman, Karen

2015-01-01

Background To identify peer-reviewed research on consumers’ usage and attitudes towards the nutrition label and the food industry's response to labelling regulations outside Europe, North America, and Australia and to determine knowledge gaps for future research. Design Narrative review. Results This review identified nutrition labelling research from 20 countries in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America. Consumers prefer that pre-packaged food include nutrition information, although there is a disparity between rates of use and comprehension. Consumer preference is for front-of-pack labelling and for information that shows per serving or portion as a reference unit, and label formats with graphics or symbols. Research on the food and beverage industry's response is more limited but shows that industry plays an active role in influencing legislation and regulation. Conclusions Consumers around the world share preferences with consumers in higher income countries with respect to labelling. However, this may reflect the research study populations, who are often better educated than the general population. Investigation is required into how nutrition labels are received in emerging economies especially among the urban and rural poor, in order to assess the effectiveness of labelling policies. Further research into the outlook of the food and beverage industry, and also on expanded labelling regulations is a priority. Sharing context-specific research regarding labelling between countries in the global South could be mutually beneficial in evaluating obesity prevention policies and strategies. PMID:25623608

Challenges of user-centred assistive technology provision in Australia: shopping without a prescription.

PubMed

Steel, Emily J; Layton, Natasha Ann; Foster, Michele M; Bennett, Sally

2016-01-01

People with disability have a right to assistive technology devices and services, to support their inclusion and participation in society. User-centred approaches aim to address consumer dissatisfaction and sub-optimal outcomes from assistive technology (AT) provision, but make assumptions of consumer literacy and empowerment. Policy discourses about consumer choice prompt careful reflection, and this paper aims to provide a critical perspective on user involvement in assistive technology provision. User-centred approaches are considered, using literature to critically reflect on what user involvement means in AT provision. Challenges at the level of interactions between practitioners and consumers, and also the level of markets and policies are discussed, using examples from Australia. There is no unanimous conceptual framework for user-centred practice. Power imbalances and differing perspectives between practitioners and consumers make it difficult for consumers to feel empowered. Online access to information and international suppliers has not surmounted information asymmetries for consumers or lifted the regulation of publicly funded AT devices. Ensuring access and equity in the public provision of AT is challenging in an expanding market with diverse stakeholders. Consumers require personalised information and support to facilitate their involvement and choice in AT provision. Implications for Rehabilitation Variations in approaches informing AT provision practices have a profound impact on equity of access and outcomes for consumers. An internationalised and online market for AT devices is increasing the need for effective information provision strategies and services. Power imbalances between practitioners and consumers present barriers to the realisation of user-centred practice.

16 CFR 680.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT AFFILIATE MARKETING § 680.1... marketing solicitations, or provides information to its affiliates for that purpose. ...) regulates the use, for marketing solicitation purposes, of consumer information provided by persons...

16 CFR 680.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT AFFILIATE MARKETING § 680.1... marketing solicitations, or provides information to its affiliates for that purpose. ...) regulates the use, for marketing solicitation purposes, of consumer information provided by persons...

16 CFR 680.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT AFFILIATE MARKETING § 680.1... marketing solicitations, or provides information to its affiliates for that purpose. ...) regulates the use, for marketing solicitation purposes, of consumer information provided by persons...

16 CFR 680.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT AFFILIATE MARKETING § 680.1... marketing solicitations, or provides information to its affiliates for that purpose. ...) regulates the use, for marketing solicitation purposes, of consumer information provided by persons...

16 CFR 680.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT AFFILIATE MARKETING § 680.1... marketing solicitations, or provides information to its affiliates for that purpose. ...) regulates the use, for marketing solicitation purposes, of consumer information provided by persons...

Informational content, literacy demands, and usability of websites offering health-related genetic tests directly to consumers.

PubMed

Lachance, Christina R; Erby, Lori A H; Ford, Beth M; Allen, Vincent C; Kaphingst, Kimberly A

2010-05-01

As direct-to-consumer genetic testing becomes more available, a diverse group of consumers, including those with limited health literacy, may consider testing. In light of concerns raised about direct-to-consumer genetic testing, this study sought to critically examine whether the informational content, literacy demands, and usability of health-related direct-to-consumer websites met existing recommendations. A content analysis was performed on 29 health-related direct-to-consumer websites. Two coders independently evaluated each website for informational content (e.g., benefits, limitations), literacy demands (e.g., reading level), and usability (e.g., ease of navigation). Most sites presented health conditions and some markers for which they tested, benefits of testing, a description of the testing process, and their privacy policy. Fewer cited scientific literature, explained test limitations, or provided an opportunity to consult a health professional. Key informational content was difficult to locate on most sites. Few sites gave sample disease risk estimates or used common language and explained technical terms consistently. Average reading level was grade 15. The quality of informational content, literacy demands, and usability across health-related direct-to-consumer websites varied widely. Many users would struggle to find and understand the important information. For consumers to better understand the content on these sites and evaluate the meaning of the tests for their health, sites should lower the demands placed on users by distilling and prioritizing the key informational content while simultaneously attending to the reading level and usability elements. In the absence of regulation compelling such changes, government agencies or professional organizations may need to increase consumer and provider awareness of these issues.

77 FR 60682 - Proposed Extension of Approval of Information Collection; Comment Request-Omnidirectional...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-04

... Information Collection; Comment Request--Omnidirectional Citizens Band Base Station Antennas AGENCY: Consumer... citizens band base station antennas. The collection of information is in regulations setting forth the Safety Standard for Omnidirectional Citizens Band Base Station Antennas (16 CFR part 1204). These...

78 FR 56759 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-13

... regulation, before a receiving affiliate may make marketing solicitations based on the communication of... each affected individual informing the individual of his or her right to prohibit such marketing. The... regulation requires only approximately 1,986 to provide consumers with an affiliate marketing notice and an...

12 CFR 332.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Limits on sharing account number information... REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Limits on Disclosures § 332.12 Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes. (a) General prohibition on...

12 CFR 216.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Limits on sharing account number information... GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Limits on Disclosures § 216.12 Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes. (a) General...

12 CFR 716.12 - Limits on sharing of account number information for marketing purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Limits on sharing of account number information... REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Limits on Disclosures § 716.12 Limits on sharing of account number information for marketing purposes. (a) General prohibition on...

16 CFR 313.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Limits on sharing account number information... REGULATIONS UNDER SPECIFIC ACTS OF CONGRESS PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Limits on Disclosures § 313.12 Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes. (a) General prohibition on...

12 CFR 216.6 - Information to be included in privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Information to be included in privacy notices... SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 216.6 Information to be included in privacy notices. (a) General rule. The initial, annual, and revised privacy...

16 CFR § 1101.12 - Commission must disclose information to the public.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Subject to Notice and Analysis Provisions of Section 6(b)(1) § 1101.12 Commission must... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Commission must disclose information to the...

16 CFR 1101.12 - Commission must disclose information to the public.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Subject to Notice and Analysis Provisions of Section 6(b)(1) § 1101.12 Commission must disclose... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Commission must disclose information to the...

16 CFR 1101.12 - Commission must disclose information to the public.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Subject to Notice and Analysis Provisions of Section 6(b)(1) § 1101.12 Commission must disclose... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Commission must disclose information to the...

16 CFR 1101.12 - Commission must disclose information to the public.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Subject to Notice and Analysis Provisions of Section 6(b)(1) § 1101.12 Commission must disclose... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Commission must disclose information to the...

16 CFR 1101.12 - Commission must disclose information to the public.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Subject to Notice and Analysis Provisions of Section 6(b)(1) § 1101.12 Commission must disclose... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Commission must disclose information to the...

Seniors' uncertainty management of direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising usefulness.

PubMed

DeLorme, Denise E; Huh, Jisu

2009-09-01

This study provides insight into seniors' perceptions of and responses to direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising (DTCA) usefulness, examines support for DTCA regulation as a type of uncertainty management, and extends and gives empirical voice to previous survey results through methodological triangulation. In-depth interview findings revealed that, for most informants, DTCA usefulness was uncertain and this uncertainty stemmed from 4 sources. The majority had negative responses to DTCA uncertainty and relied on 2 uncertainty-management strategies: information seeking from physicians, and inferences of and support for some government regulation of DTCA. Overall, the findings demonstrate the viability of uncertainty management theory (Brashers, 2001, 2007) for mass-mediated health communication, specifically DTCA. The article concludes with practical implications and research recommendations.

Spin your science into gold: direct to consumer marketing within social media platforms.

PubMed

Egilman, David; Druar, Nicholas M

2012-01-01

We describe the emerging issues related to warnings with respect to pharmaceutical company use of the internet as a vehicle for direct-to-consumer marketing (DTC) and market research. We describe the various techniques pharmaceutical companies have used to exploit this new communications medium which permits two way exchange of information. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not issued any specific regulations to control internet based misbranding. We describe some examples of the FDA's application of historic regulations to pharmaceutical company use of this new medium and suggest.

Smooth handling: The lack of safety‐related consumer information in car advertisements

PubMed Central

Wilson, Nick; Maher, Anthony; Thomson, George; Keall, Michael

2007-01-01

Objective To examine the content and trends of safety‐related consumer information in magazine vehicle advertisements, as a case study within the worldwide marketing of vehicles. Methods Content analysis of popular current affairs magazines in New Zealand for the 5‐year period 2001–2005 was undertaken (n  =  514 advertisements), supplemented with vehicle data from official websites. Results Safety information in advertisements for light passenger vehicles was relatively uncommon with only 27% mentioning one or more of nine key safety features examined (average: 1.7 out of nine features in this 27%). Also included were potentially hazardous features of: speed imagery (in 29% of advertisements), power references (14%), and acceleration data (4%). The speed and power aspects became relatively more common over the 5‐year period (p < 0.05 for trend). Conclusions To enhance informed consumer choice and improve injury prevention, governments should consider regulating the content of vehicle advertisements and vehicle marketing – as already occurs with many other consumer products. PMID:17916885

Smooth handling: the lack of safety-related consumer information in car advertisements.

PubMed

Wilson, Nick; Maher, Anthony; Thomson, George; Keall, Michael

2007-10-01

To examine the content and trends of safety-related consumer information in magazine vehicle advertisements, as a case study within the worldwide marketing of vehicles. Content analysis of popular current affairs magazines in New Zealand for the 5-year period 2001-2005 was undertaken (n = 514 advertisements), supplemented with vehicle data from official websites. Safety information in advertisements for light passenger vehicles was relatively uncommon with only 27% mentioning one or more of nine key safety features examined (average: 1.7 out of nine features in this 27%). Also included were potentially hazardous features of: speed imagery (in 29% of advertisements), power references (14%), and acceleration data (4%). The speed and power aspects became relatively more common over the 5-year period (p < 0.05 for trend). To enhance informed consumer choice and improve injury prevention, governments should consider regulating the content of vehicle advertisements and vehicle marketing - as already occurs with many other consumer products.

76 FR 12213 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Extension of an Approved Information Collection Request...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-04

...: Household Goods Consumer Information Program Assessment Study AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... Notice. Note that DOT posts all comments received without change to http://www.regulations.gov... your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or post card or print the...

Food labelling: Regulations and Public Health implications.

PubMed

Marcotrigiano, V; Lanzilotti, C; Rondinone, D; De Giglio, O; Caggiano, G; Diella, G; Orsi, G B; Montagna, M T; Napoli, C

2018-01-01

Legislators have implemented policies to improve food labelling to protect consumers and to make the presentation of ingredients and nutritional information more transparent. Proper food labelling allows consumers who may suffer from food allergies or intolerances to know exactly what ingredients a product contains, and it also helps them make more informed health and nutrition choices. This paper deals with the most current European and Italian legislation on food labelling, actions taken in non-EU countries to increase health choices, and the expected impact on Public Health.

15 CFR 1180.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... data or images), and (2) Information that bears on business and industry generally, such as economic... value to consumers of the information described in paragraph (1) of this definition. Summary means... Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) TECHNOLOGY...

15 CFR 1180.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... data or images), and (2) Information that bears on business and industry generally, such as economic... value to consumers of the information described in paragraph (1) of this definition. Summary means... Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) TECHNOLOGY...

Fair credit reporting medical information regulations. Final rules.

PubMed

2005-11-22

The OCC, Board, FDIC, OTS, and NCUA (Agencies) are publishing final rules to implement section 411 of the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003 (FACT Act). The final rules create exceptions to the statute's general prohibition on creditors obtaining or using medical information pertaining to a consumer in connection with any determination of the consumer's eligibility, or continued eligibility, for credit for all creditors. The exceptions permit creditors to obtain or use medical information in connection with credit eligibility determinations where necessary and appropriate for legitimate purposes, consistent with the Congressional intent to restrict the use of medical information for inappropriate purposes. The final rules also create limited exceptions to permit affiliates to share medical information with each other without becoming consumer reporting agencies. The final rules are substantially similar to the rules adopted by the Agencies on an interim final basis in June 2005.

"The Dose Makes the Poison": Informing Consumers About the Scientific Risk Assessment of Food Additives.

PubMed

Bearth, Angela; Cousin, Marie-Eve; Siegrist, Michael

2016-01-01

Intensive risk assessment is required before the approval of food additives. During this process, based on the toxicological principle of "the dose makes the poison,ˮ maximum usage doses are assessed. However, most consumers are not aware of these efforts to ensure the safety of food additives and are therefore sceptical, even though food additives bring certain benefits to consumers. This study investigated the effect of a short video, which explains the scientific risk assessment and regulation of food additives, on consumers' perceptions and acceptance of food additives. The primary goal of this study was to inform consumers and enable them to construct their own risk-benefit assessment and make informed decisions about food additives. The secondary goal was to investigate whether people have different perceptions of food additives of artificial (i.e., aspartame) or natural origin (i.e., steviolglycoside). To attain these research goals, an online experiment was conducted on 185 Swiss consumers. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, which was shown a video about the scientific risk assessment of food additives, or the control group, which was shown a video about a topic irrelevant to the study. After watching the video, the respondents knew significantly more, expressed more positive thoughts and feelings, had less risk perception, and more acceptance than prior to watching the video. Thus, it appears that informing consumers about complex food safety topics, such as the scientific risk assessment of food additives, is possible, and using a carefully developed information video is a successful strategy for informing consumers. © 2015 Society for Risk Analysis.

76 FR 9025 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Good Laboratory...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-16

... consumer protection, the Agency issued GLP regulations. The regulations specify minimum standards for the proper conduct of safety testing and contain sections on facilities, personnel, equipment, standard operating procedures (SOPs), test and control articles, quality assurance, protocol and conduct of a safety...

17 CFR 248.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Purpose and scope. 248.1 Section 248.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-P: Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguarding Personal...

[Hidden allergens in processed food : An update from the consumer's point of view].

PubMed

Schnadt, Sabine; Pfaff, Sylvia

2016-07-01

Despite improved allergen labelling and careful avoidance strategies, hidden allergens in food remain a substantial risk for unintended reactions for consumers with food allergies. New data from a survey of the German Allergy and Asthma Association (Deutscher Allergie- und Asthmabund - DAAB) shows a slight decrease in the number of consumers that report allergic reactions to prepacked food. Still, 75 % (compared to 85 % in 2008) have experienced at least one allergic reaction after eating a prepacked food. In more than half of the cases, the reaction was classified as severe (with airway and/or cardiovascular symptoms such as respiratory distress, loss of blood pressure or anaphylactic shock). Again, more than 40 % (2008: 47 %, 2015: 42 %) reported that no information on the presence of the food allergens had been present on the label either as ingredients or as precautionary allergen labelling (PAL). Different possibilities are discussed under which food allergens may not be recognized or recognizable by consumers with food allergies, such as allergen labelling that is not easy to understand, unexpected occurrence of allergens as well as recipe changes in known foods. Examples are given as well as proposals for the improvement of the situation in order to better meet the goals of food information regulations to enable consumers with food allergies to make "informed choices which are safe for them" (Quote Regulation (EU) 1169/2011 - Reason 24).

Nutrition labelling: purpose, scientific issues and challenges.

PubMed

Van den Wijngaart, Annoek W E M

2002-01-01

Nutrition labels describe the nutrient content of a food and are intended to guide the consumer in food selection. The nutrition information provided must be selected on the basis of consistency with dietary recommendations. Selection of the specific nutrients or food components to be listed should further take into account label space, the analytical feasibility of measuring the particular nutritional component within the food matrix, and the relative costs of such analyses. Nutrition information provided on labels should be truthful and not mislead consumers. At the same time, labelling regulations should provide incentives to manufacturers to develop products that promote public health and assist consumers in following dietary recommendations. It is likely that in many countries, there would be some segments of the population that would benefit from information about the composition of foods. In these cases, countries should consider the need to provide for appropriate labelling and its presentation relative to existing guidelines and approaches. As nutrition-labelling efforts have evolved, different approaches and legal requirements have been established. These create difficulties in developing and harmonizing nutrition information listings, which have broad international applications. For these reasons, the Codex Guidelines on Nutrition Labeling play an important role to provide guidance to member countries when they want to develop or update their national regulations and to encourage harmonization of national standards with international standards. These Guidelines are based on the principle that no food should be described or presented in a manner that is false, misleading or deceptive. The Guidelines include provisions for voluntary nutrient declaration, calculation and presentation of nutrient information. The Guidelines on Claims establish general principles to be followed and leave the definition of specific claims to national regulations. Definitions are provided for a number of claims (nutrient content, comparative claims, nutrient function claims) as well as general requirements concerning consumer information in relation with claims. Nutrition labelling by itself cannot solve nutrition problems. It should be seen as one of the elements of nutrition policy and should be envisaged in the larger perspective of consumer education, which in its turn is part of an overall development policy. Exchange of information at the regional and subregional level is important, as each country can learn from the experience of others and regional co-ordination and co-operation can be developed.

Current Status of Legislation on Dietary Products for Sportspeople in a European Framework.

PubMed

Martínez-Sanz, José Miguel; Sospedra, Isabel; Baladía, Eduard; Arranz, Laura; Ortiz-Moncada, Rocío; Gil-Izquierdo, Angel

2017-11-08

The consumption of nutritional ergogenic aids is conditioned by laws/regulations, but standards/regulations vary between countries. The aim of this review is to explore legislative documents that regulate the use of nutritional ergogenic aids intended for sportspeople in a Spanish/European framework. A narrative review has been developed from official websites of Spanish (Spanish Agency of the Consumer, Food Safety, and Nutrition) and European (European Commission and European Food Safety Authority) bodies. A descriptive analysis of documents was performed. Eighteen legislative documents have been compiled in three sections: (1) Advertising of any type of food and/or product; (2) Composition, labeling, and advertising of foods; (3) Nutritional ergogenic aids. In spite of the existence of these legal documents, the regulation lacks guidance on the use/application of nutritional ergogenic aids for sportspeople. It is essential to prevent the introduction or dissemination of false, ambiguous, or inexact information and contents that induce an error in the receivers of the information. In this field, it is worth highlighting the roles of the European Food Safety Authority and the World Anti-Doping Agency, which provide information about consumer guidelines, prescribing practices, and recommendations for the prudent use of nutritional ergogenic aids.

Current Status of Legislation on Dietary Products for Sportspeople in a European Framework

PubMed Central

Arranz, Laura; Ortiz-Moncada, Rocío

2017-01-01

The consumption of nutritional ergogenic aids is conditioned by laws/regulations, but standards/regulations vary between countries. The aim of this review is to explore legislative documents that regulate the use of nutritional ergogenic aids intended for sportspeople in a Spanish/European framework. A narrative review has been developed from official websites of Spanish (Spanish Agency of the Consumer, Food Safety, and Nutrition) and European (European Commission and European Food Safety Authority) bodies. A descriptive analysis of documents was performed. Eighteen legislative documents have been compiled in three sections: (1) Advertising of any type of food and/or product; (2) Composition, labeling, and advertising of foods; (3) Nutritional ergogenic aids. In spite of the existence of these legal documents, the regulation lacks guidance on the use/application of nutritional ergogenic aids for sportspeople. It is essential to prevent the introduction or dissemination of false, ambiguous, or inexact information and contents that induce an error in the receivers of the information. In this field, it is worth highlighting the roles of the European Food Safety Authority and the World Anti-Doping Agency, which provide information about consumer guidelines, prescribing practices, and recommendations for the prudent use of nutritional ergogenic aids. PMID:29117104

Consumer credit card use: the roles of creditor disclosure and anticipated emotion.

PubMed

Wiener, Richard L; Holtje, Michael; Winter, Ryan J; Cantone, Jason A; Gross, Karen; Block-Lieb, Susan

2007-03-01

In response to federal legislative reform aimed, in part, at reducing consumer bankruptcy filings, the authors conducted 2 experiments examining the role of affect in purchasing behavior. In Experiment 1, they examined consumer debtors, and in Experiment 2, they examined nondebtors. In both experiments, they investigated purchasing decisions made during a simulated online shopping trip, with some participants receiving standard disclosures of interest rates and money owed and with other participants receiving information under the new enhanced disclosure regulations. Results demonstrated support for the influence of anticipated affect in credit card use among both debtors and nondebtors and indicated that anticipated emotion may moderate the impact of the enhanced disclosure regulations. ((c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).

76 FR 48053 - Consumer Registration of Durable Infant or Toddler Products

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-08

...://www.regulations.gov . Do not submit confidential business information, trade secret information, or... geometry of the registration forms, which have four surfaces (front, back, top, and bottom), we believe..., moving logically from the front top of the form [[Page 48054

Deceptive Business Practices: State Regulations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rohrer, Daniel Morgan

Although much has been done at the federal level to control deceptive advertising practices, many states have no criminal laws designed to regulate advertising, and several states recently repealed such laws. This paper examines states' efforts to balance the advertiser's freedom of speech with the consumer's need for information about products by…

16 CFR 1014.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 1014.1 Purpose and scope. This part sets forth the regulations of the Consumer Product Safety Commission implementing the Privacy Act of 1974 (Pub. L. 93-579). The purpose of these... concerning themselves. These regulations do not apply to requests for information made pursuant to the...

12 CFR 216.6 - Information to be included in privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Information to be included in privacy notices... SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 216.6 Information to be included in privacy notices. Link to an amendment published at 74 FR 62925, Dec. 1, 2009. (a...

Direct-to-consumer genetic testing for addiction susceptibility: a premature commercialisation of doubtful validity and value.

PubMed

Mathews, Rebecca; Hall, Wayne; Carter, Adrian

2012-12-01

Genetic research on addiction liability and pharmacogenetic research on treatments for addiction have identified some genetic variants associated with disease risk and treatment. Genetic testing for addiction liability and treatment response has not been used widely in clinical practice because most of the genes identified only modestly predict addiction risk or treatment response. However, many of these genetic tests have been commercialized prematurely and are available direct to the consumer (DTC). The easy availability of DTC tests for addiction liability and lack of regulation over their use raises a number of ethical concerns. Of paramount concern is the limited predictive power and clinical utility of these tests. Many DTC testing companies do not provide the consumer with the necessary genetic counselling to assist them in interpreting and acting on their test results. They may also engage in misleading marketing to entice consumers to purchase their products. Consumers' genetic information may be vulnerable to misuse by third parties, as there are limited standards to protect the privacy of the genetic information. Non-consensual testing and inappropriate testing of minors may also occur. The United States Food and Drug Administration plans to regulate DTC genetic tests. Based on the ethical concerns we discuss below, we believe there is a strong case for regulation of DTC genetic tests for addiction liability and treatment response. We argue that until this occurs, these tests have more potential to cause harm than to contribute to improved prevention and treatment of addiction. © 2012 The Authors, Addiction © 2012 Society for the Study of Addiction.

16 CFR § 1102.30 - Publication of manufacturer comments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE Procedural....26, the Commission will publish in the Database manufacturer comments submitted in response to a...

17 CFR 248.30 - Procedures to safeguard customer records and information; disposal of consumer report information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Procedures to safeguard... and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM... administrative, technical, and physical safeguards for the protection of customer records and information. These...

17 CFR 248.30 - Procedures to safeguard customer records and information; disposal of consumer report information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Procedures to safeguard... and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P, S-AM, AND S... administrative, technical, and physical safeguards for the protection of customer records and information. These...

17 CFR 248.30 - Procedures to safeguard customer records and information; disposal of consumer report information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Procedures to safeguard... and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM... administrative, technical, and physical safeguards for the protection of customer records and information. These...

17 CFR 248.30 - Procedures to safeguard customer records and information; disposal of consumer report information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Procedures to safeguard... and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM... administrative, technical, and physical safeguards for the protection of customer records and information. These...

17 CFR 248.30 - Procedures to safeguard customer records and information; disposal of consumer report information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Procedures to safeguard... and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM... administrative, technical, and physical safeguards for the protection of customer records and information. These...

16 CFR 1101.11 - General application of provisions of section 6(b)(1).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Subject to Notice and Analysis Provisions of Section 6(b)(1) § 1101.11 General... notice and analysis provisions of section 6(b)(1), information must meet all the following criteria: (1...

16 CFR 1101.11 - General application of provisions of section 6(b)(1).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Subject to Notice and Analysis Provisions of Section 6(b)(1) § 1101.11 General... notice and analysis provisions of section 6(b)(1), information must meet all the following criteria: (1...

16 CFR 1101.11 - General application of provisions of section 6(b)(1).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Subject to Notice and Analysis Provisions of Section 6(b)(1) § 1101.11 General... notice and analysis provisions of section 6(b)(1), information must meet all the following criteria: (1...

16 CFR 1101.11 - General application of provisions of section 6(b)(1).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Information Subject to Notice and Analysis Provisions of Section 6(b)(1) § 1101.11 General... notice and analysis provisions of section 6(b)(1), information must meet all the following criteria: (1...

16 CFR 1102.26 - Determination of materially inaccurate information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE Procedural... reviewing a report of harm or manufacturer comment, either before or after publication in the Database, may... manufacturer comment, be excluded from the Database or corrected by the Commission because it contains...

16 CFR 1102.26 - Determination of materially inaccurate information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE Procedural... reviewing a report of harm or manufacturer comment, either before or after publication in the Database, may... manufacturer comment, be excluded from the Database or corrected by the Commission because it contains...

17 CFR 200.24a - Director of the Office of Consumer Affairs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... COMMISSION ORGANIZATION; CONDUCT AND ETHICS; AND INFORMATION AND REQUESTS Organization and Program Management... and administering a nationwide system for resolving investor complaints against individuals and... information to investors who inquire about individuals and entities regulated by the Commission, the operation...

16 CFR 1702.5 - Failure to supply adverse information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Failure to supply adverse information. 1702.5 Section 1702.5 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT OF 1970 REGULATIONS PETITIONS FOR EXEMPTIONS FROM POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT REQUIREMENTS...

16 CFR 1702.5 - Failure to supply adverse information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Failure to supply adverse information. 1702.5 Section 1702.5 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT OF 1970 REGULATIONS PETITIONS FOR EXEMPTIONS FROM POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT REQUIREMENTS...

16 CFR 1702.5 - Failure to supply adverse information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Failure to supply adverse information. 1702.5 Section 1702.5 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT OF 1970 REGULATIONS PETITIONS FOR EXEMPTIONS FROM POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT REQUIREMENTS...

16 CFR 1702.5 - Failure to supply adverse information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Failure to supply adverse information. 1702.5 Section 1702.5 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT OF 1970 REGULATIONS PETITIONS FOR EXEMPTIONS FROM POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT REQUIREMENTS...

7 CFR 1220.241 - Reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Reports. 1220.241 Section 1220.241 Agriculture... CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Reports, Books, and Records § 1220.241 Reports... to report to the Board periodically such information as may be required by the regulations...

7 CFR 1220.241 - Reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Reports. 1220.241 Section 1220.241 Agriculture... CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Reports, Books, and Records § 1220.241 Reports... to report to the Board periodically such information as may be required by the regulations...

16 CFR 1102.30 - Publication of manufacturer comments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... ACT REGULATIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE (Eff. Jan. 10, 2011....24, and 1102.26, the Commission will publish in the Database manufacturer comments submitted in...

Taiwanese consumer survey data for investigating the role of information on equivalence of organic standards in directing food choice.

PubMed

Yeh, Ching-Hua; Hartmann, Monika; Hirsch, Stefan

2018-06-01

The presentation of credence attributes such as the product's origin or the production method has a significant influence on consumers' food purchase decisions. The dataset includes survey responses from a discrete choice experiment with 1309 food shoppers in Taiwan using the example of sweet pepper. The survey was carried out in 2014 in the three largest Taiwanese cities. It evaluates the impact of providing information on the equality of organic standards on consumers' preferences at the example of sweet pepper. Equality of organic standards implies that regardless of products' country-of-origin (COO) organic certifications are based on the same production regulation and managerial processes. Respondents were randomly allocated to the information treatment and the control group. The dataset contains the product choices of participants in both groups, as well as their sociodemographic information.

Extending FDA guidance to include consumer medication information (CMI) delivery on mobile devices.

PubMed

Sage, Adam; Blalock, Susan J; Carpenter, Delesha

This paper describes the current state of consumer-focused mobile health application use and the current U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance on the distribution of consumer medication information (CMI), and discusses recommendations and considerations for the FDA to expand CMI guidance to include CMI in mobile applications. Smartphone-based health interventions have been linked to increased medication adherence and improved health outcomes. Trends in smartphone ownership present opportunities to more effectively communicate and disseminate medication information; however, current FDA guidance for CMI does not outline how to effectively communicate CMI on a mobile platform, particularly in regards to user-centered design and information sourcing. As evidence supporting the potential effectiveness of mobile communication in health care continues to increase, CMI developers, regulating entities, and researchers should take note. Although mobile-based CMI offers an innovative mechanism to deliver medication information, caution should be exercised. Specifically, considerations for developing mobile CMI include consumers' digital literacy, user experience (e.g., usability), and the quality and accuracy of new widely used sources of information (e.g., crowd-sourced reviews and ratings). Recommended changes to FDA guidance for CMI include altering the language about scientific accuracy to address more novel methods of information gathering (e.g., anecdotal experiences and Google Consumer Surveys) and including guidance for usability testing of mobile health applications. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Weight Loss Supplements: Boon or Bane?

PubMed Central

Ansari, Reshma Mohamed; Omar, Norfaizatul Shalida

2017-01-01

Dietary health supplements for weight loss seem to be the future nowadays. However, this industry is plagued by lack of regulations and ignorance regarding the constituents of the supplements. Of all the supplements consumed, the ones for weight loss are most commonly found in the market. Reports of liver failure, kidney impairment and worsening of chronic ailments in patients who consume these supplements are surfacing recently which make us question the credibility of these products. The safety of these products lie in the clear stating of the ingredients by the manufacturer, well informed patient, knowledgeable physician and tight regulations from the regulatory board. PMID:28814927

The attitudes of consumers toward direct advertising of prescription drugs.

PubMed Central

Morris, L A; Brinberg, D; Klimberg, R; Rivera, C; Millstein, L G

1986-01-01

Attitudes about prescription drug advertising directed to consumers were assessed in 1,509 persons who had viewed prototypical advertisements for fictitious prescription drug products. Although many subjects were generally favorable toward the concept of drug advertising directed to consumers, strong reservations were also expressed, especially about television advertising. Prescription drug advertising did not appear to undermine the physician's authority, since respondents viewed the physician as the primary drug decision-maker. However, the physician was not perceived as the sole source of prescription drug information. Television advertising appeared to promote greater information-seeking about particular drugs; however, magazine ads were more fully accepted by subjects. Furthermore, magazine ads led to enhanced views of the patient's authority in drug decision-making. The greater information conveyed in magazine ads may have given subjects more confidence in their own ability to evaluate the drug and the ad. Ads that integrated risk information into the body of the advertisement were more positively viewed than ads that gave special emphasis to the risk information. The results suggest that consumer attitudes about prescription drug advertising are not firmly held and are capable of being influenced by the types of ads people view. Regulation of such ads may need to be flexed to adapt to the way different media are used and processed by consumers. PMID:3080797

77 FR 48504 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request-Coal and Woodburning Appliances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-14

... Request--Coal and Woodburning Appliances AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety Commission. ACTION: Notice... collection of information for regulations on coal and woodburning appliances. No comments were received in...: Request for Reinstatement of Approval of Collection of Information. Existing manufacturers of coal and...

12 CFR 222.32 - Sharing medical information with affiliates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... System (other than national banks) and their respective operating subsidiaries, branches and agencies of... affiliate: (1) In connection with the business of insurance or annuities (including the activities described in section 18B of the model Privacy of Consumer Financial and Health Information Regulation issued by...

12 CFR 717.32 - Sharing medical information with affiliates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

.... 717.32 Section 717.32 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING...) to an affiliate: (1) In connection with the business of insurance or annuities (including the activities described in section 18B of the model Privacy of Consumer Financial and Health Information...

16 CFR § 1102.26 - Determination of materially inaccurate information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE Procedural... reviewing a report of harm or manufacturer comment, either before or after publication in the Database, may... manufacturer comment, be excluded from the Database or corrected by the Commission because it contains...

78 FR 46583 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-01

... ask the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to extend through November 30, 2016, the current Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) clearance for the FTC's shared enforcement with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) of the information collection requirements in Regulation N (Mortgage Acts and...

16 CFR 1702.4 - Petitions with insufficient or incomplete information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Petitions with insufficient or incomplete information. 1702.4 Section 1702.4 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT OF 1970 REGULATIONS PETITIONS FOR EXEMPTIONS FROM POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT REQUIREMENTS...

16 CFR 1702.4 - Petitions with insufficient or incomplete information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Petitions with insufficient or incomplete information. 1702.4 Section 1702.4 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT OF 1970 REGULATIONS PETITIONS FOR EXEMPTIONS FROM POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT REQUIREMENTS...

16 CFR 1702.4 - Petitions with insufficient or incomplete information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Petitions with insufficient or incomplete information. 1702.4 Section 1702.4 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT OF 1970 REGULATIONS PETITIONS FOR EXEMPTIONS FROM POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT REQUIREMENTS...

16 CFR 1702.4 - Petitions with insufficient or incomplete information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Petitions with insufficient or incomplete information. 1702.4 Section 1702.4 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT OF 1970 REGULATIONS PETITIONS FOR EXEMPTIONS FROM POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT REQUIREMENTS...

77 FR 18794 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-28

... number CFPB- 2012-0011, by any of the following methods: Electronic: http://www.regulations.gov . Follow... consumers to make better informed decisions.'' The Dodd-Frank Act also directs the Bureau to research... services available to them. The Bureau will also use this information collection to test methods for...

Consumers' Exposure to Nutrition and Health Claims on Pre-Packed Foods: Use of Sales Weighting for Assessing the Food Supply in Slovenia.

PubMed

Pravst, Igor; Kušar, Anita

2015-11-12

Insights into the use of health-related information on foods are important for planning studies about the effects of such information on the consumer's understanding, purchasing, and consumption of foods, and also support further food policy decisions. We tested the use of sales data for weighting consumers' exposure to health-related labeling information in the Slovenian food supply. Food labeling data were collected from 6342 pre-packed foods available in four different food stores in Slovenia. Consumers' exposure was calculated as the percentage of available food products with particular food information in the food category. In addition, 12-month sales data were used to calculate sales weighted exposure as a percentage of sold food products with certain food information in the food category. The consumer's in-store and sales-weighted exposure to nutrition claims was 37% and 45%, respectively. Exposure to health claims was much lower (13%, 11% when sales-weighted). Health claims were mainly found in the form of general non-specific claims or function claims, while children's development and reduction of disease risk claims were present on only 0.1% and 0.2% of the investigated foods, respectively. Sales data were found very useful for establishing a reliable estimation of consumers' exposure to information provided on food labels. The high penetration of health-related information on food labels indicates that careful regulation of this area is appropriate. Further studies should focus on assessing the nutritional quality of foods labeled with nutrition and health claims, and understanding the importance of such labeling techniques for consumers' food preferences and choices.

Particular applications of food irradiation: Meat, fish and others

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ehlermann, Dieter A. E.

2016-12-01

It is surprising what all can be achieved by radiation processing of food; this chapter narrates a number of less obvious applications mostly hidden to the consumer. Also the labelling regulations differing world-wide are responsible for leaving the consumer uninformed. Several of the early proposals could not reach technological maturity or are commercially not competitive. Still considerable energy is spent in research for such applications. Other applications are serving a certain niche, companies mostly are reluctant to release reliable information about their activities. Labelling regulation vary world-wide significantly. Hence, the market place does not really give the full picture of irradiated food available to the consumer. Despite those restrictions, this report intends to give a full picture of the actual situation for meat, fish and others and of unique uses.

24 CFR 3282.409 - Contents of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... DEVELOPMENT MANUFACTURED HOME PROCEDURAL AND ENFORCEMENT REGULATIONS Consumer Complaint Handling and Remedial... statement informing the owner that the owner may submit a complaint to the SAA or Secretary if the owner...

Telehealth physician oversight over direct to consumer testing: doctors working with patients towards patient empowerment.

PubMed

Chung, Rick

2012-06-01

Patient empowerment has increased the demand for direct to consumer (DTC) laboratory testing. Multiple professional societies and advocacy groups have raised concerns over how DTC laboratory testing is being offered to consumers without proper physician oversight. Physician telehealth services can properly oversee DTC laboratory testing in a safe and medically sound manner. Using telehealth protocols and standards established by professional health organizations and state regulators, physician telehealth oversight in DTC laboratory test ordering can be effective to increase patient access to healthcare services. With proper physician oversight in test interpretation, post-test counseling, and information collaboration, DTC laboratory testing can remain a reliable and convenient option for consumers. Working within the channel of distribution of most DTC laboratory testing, physician telehealth services can properly oversee DTC laboratory testing in a safe and medically sound manner to ensure that proper test interpretation, counseling, and information collaboration are achieved. Physician telehealth services can properly oversee DTC laboratory testing to ensure that proper test interpretation, counseling, and information collaboration are achieved.

12 CFR 1024.6 - Special information booklet at time of loan application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 8 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Special information booklet at time of loan application. 1024.6 Section 1024.6 Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION REAL ESTATE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES ACT (REGULATION X) § 1024.6 Special information booklet at time of loan application. (a...

Health care providers and direct-to-consumer access and advertising of genetic testing in the United States

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Marketing pressures, regulatory policies, clinical guidelines, and consumer demand all affect health care providers' knowledge and use of health-related genetic tests that are sold and/or advertised to consumers. In addition, clinical guidelines, regulatory policies, and educational efforts are needed to promote the informed use of genetic tests that are sold and advertised to consumers and health care providers. A shift in culture regarding the regulation of genetic tests that are sold directly to consumers is suggested: by recent actions taken by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), including letters sent to direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing companies stating that their tests meet the definition of medical devices; by public meetings held by the FDA to discuss laboratory developed tests; and by the convening of the Molecular and Clinical Genetics Panel to gather input on scientific issues concerning DTC genetic tests that make medical claims. This review provides a brief overview of DTC advertising and the regulation of pharmaceuticals and genetic tests in the United States. It highlights recent changes in the regulatory culture regarding genetic tests that are sold to consumers, and discusses the impact on health care providers of selling and advertising genetic tests directly to consumers. PMID:22204616

Health care providers and direct-to-consumer access and advertising of genetic testing in the United States.

PubMed

Myers, Melanie F

2011-12-28

Marketing pressures, regulatory policies, clinical guidelines, and consumer demand all affect health care providers' knowledge and use of health-related genetic tests that are sold and/or advertised to consumers. In addition, clinical guidelines, regulatory policies, and educational efforts are needed to promote the informed use of genetic tests that are sold and advertised to consumers and health care providers. A shift in culture regarding the regulation of genetic tests that are sold directly to consumers is suggested: by recent actions taken by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), including letters sent to direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing companies stating that their tests meet the definition of medical devices; by public meetings held by the FDA to discuss laboratory developed tests; and by the convening of the Molecular and Clinical Genetics Panel to gather input on scientific issues concerning DTC genetic tests that make medical claims. This review provides a brief overview of DTC advertising and the regulation of pharmaceuticals and genetic tests in the United States. It highlights recent changes in the regulatory culture regarding genetic tests that are sold to consumers, and discusses the impact on health care providers of selling and advertising genetic tests directly to consumers.

Direct to consumer advertising in pharmaceutical markets.

PubMed

Brekke, Kurt R; Kuhn, Michael

2006-01-01

We study effects of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) in the prescription drug market. There are two pharmaceutical firms providing horizontally differentiated (branded) drugs. Patients differ in their susceptibility to the drugs. If DTCA is allowed, this can be employed to induce (additional) patient visits. Physicians perfectly observe the patients' type (of illness), but rely on information to prescribe the correct drug. Drug information is conveyed by marketing (detailing), creating a captive and a selective segment of physicians. First, we show that detailing, DTCA and price (if not regulated) are complementary strategies for the firms. Thus, allowing DTCA induces more detailing and higher prices. Second, firms benefit from DTCA if detailing competition is not too fierce, which is true if investing in detailing is sufficiently costly. Otherwise, firms are better off with a ban on DTCA. Finally, DTCA tends to lower welfare if insurance is generous (low copayments) and/or price regulation is lenient. The desirability of DTCA also depends on whether or not the regulator is concerned with firms' profit.

16 CFR 1102.26 - Determination of materially inaccurate information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE (Eff. Jan. 10... publication in the Database, may request that the report of harm or manufacturer comment, or portions of such report of harm or manufacturer comment, be excluded from the Database or corrected by the Commission...

16 CFR § 1702.5 - Failure to supply adverse information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Failure to supply adverse information. § 1702.5 Section § 1702.5 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT OF 1970 REGULATIONS PETITIONS FOR EXEMPTIONS FROM POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT REQUIREMENTS...

16 CFR § 1702.4 - Petitions with insufficient or incomplete information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Petitions with insufficient or incomplete information. § 1702.4 Section § 1702.4 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT OF 1970 REGULATIONS PETITIONS FOR EXEMPTIONS FROM POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT...

77 FR 61579 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-10

... (Attention: PRA Office), 1700 G Street NW., Washington, DC 20552; (202) 435-9011; and [email protected] should be directed to Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (Attention: PRA Office), 1700 G Street NW... financial regulations. These information collections will ask Providers of various sizes and mixes of...

7 CFR 1209.260 - Reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Reports. 1209.260 Section 1209.260 Agriculture... CONSUMER INFORMATION ORDER Rules and Regulations Reports § 1209.260 Reports. Each first handler shall be required to report monthly to the Council such information as may be required under § 1209.60(a) of this...

7 CFR 1209.260 - Reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Reports. 1209.260 Section 1209.260 Agriculture... CONSUMER INFORMATION ORDER Rules and Regulations Reports § 1209.260 Reports. Each first handler shall be required to report monthly to the Council such information as may be required under § 1209.60(a) of this...

78 FR 23545 - Proposed Extension of Approval of Information Collection; Comment Request: Third Party Conformity...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-19

... evaluate whether third party conformity assessment bodies meet the requirements to test for compliance to... background documents or comments received, go to http://www.regulations.gov . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT...: A. Background The Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA) requires third party...

77 FR 74745 - Used Motor Vehicle Trade Regulation Rule

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-17

...Except as specifically described below, the FTC has completed its regulatory review of its Used Motor Vehicle Trade Regulation Rule (``Used Car Rule'' or ``Rule'') as part of the FTC's systematic review of all current Commission regulations and guides. The Commission has decided to retain the Rule and, in a separate Federal Register document, to amend it by changing the Spanish translation of the Buyers Guide. In addition, the Commission also has decided to issue a notice of proposed rulemaking (``NPR'') soliciting comments on proposed changes to the Rule. In this NPR, the Commission addresses the comments received during its review and invites public comment on the following four proposed changes to the Buyers Guide: adding boxes to the back of the Buyers Guide where dealers would have the option to indicate manufacturers' and other third-party warranties; adding a statement to the Buyers Guide encouraging consumers to seek vehicle history information and directing consumers to an FTC Web site for more information about vehicle histories; adding catalytic converters and airbags to the List of Systems on the back of the Buyers Guide; and adding a statement in Spanish to the English Buyers Guide directing consumers who cannot read the Buyers Guide in English to ask for a copy of it in Spanish.

16 CFR 1511.8 - Metric references.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Metric references. 1511.8 Section 1511.8 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION FEDERAL HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ACT REGULATIONS... parentheses for convenience and information only. ...

Providing Personalised Nutrition: Consumers' Trust and Preferences Regarding Sources of Information, Service Providers and Regulators, and Communication Channels.

PubMed

Poínhos, Rui; Oliveira, Bruno M P M; van der Lans, Ivo A; Fischer, Arnout R H; Berezowska, Aleksandra; Rankin, Audrey; Kuznesof, Sharron; Stewart-Knox, Barbara; Frewer, Lynn J; de Almeida, Maria D V

2017-01-01

Personalised nutrition has potential to revolutionise dietary health promotion if accepted by the general public. We studied trust and preferences regarding personalised nutrition services, how they influence intention to adopt these services, and cultural and social differences therein. A total of 9,381 participants were quota-sampled to be representative of each of 9 EU countries (Germany, Greece, Ireland, Poland, Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, the UK, and Norway) and surveyed by a questionnaire assessing their intention to adopt personalised nutrition, trust in service regulators and information sources, and preferences for service providers and information channels. Trust and preferences significantly predicted intention to adopt personalised nutrition. Higher trust in the local department of health care was associated with lower intention to adopt personalised nutrition. General practitioners were the most trusted of service regulators, except in Portugal, where consumer organisations and universities were most trusted. In all countries, family doctors were the most trusted information providers. Trust in the National Health Service as service regulator and information source showed high variability across countries. Despite its highest variability across countries, personal meeting was the preferred communication channel, except in Spain, where an automated internet service was preferred. General practitioners were the preferred service providers, except in Poland, where dietitians and nutritionists were preferred. The preference for dietitians and nutritionists as service providers highly varied across countries. These results may assist in informing local initiatives to encourage acceptance and adoption of country-specific tailored personalised nutrition services, therefore benefiting individual and public health. © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Sensory politics: The tug-of-war between potability and palatability in municipal water production.

PubMed

Spackman, Christy; Burlingame, Gary A

2018-06-01

Sensory information signaled the acceptability of water for consumption for lay and professional people into the early twentieth century. Yet as the twentieth century progressed, professional efforts to standardize water-testing methods have increasingly excluded aesthetic information, preferring to rely on the objectivity of analytic information. Despite some highly publicized exceptions, consumer complaints remain peripheral to the making and regulating of drinking water. This exclusion is often attributed to the unreliability of the human senses in detecting danger. However, technical discussions among water professionals during the twentieth century suggest that this exclusion is actually due to sensory politics, the institutional and regulatory practices of inclusion or exclusion of sensory knowledge from systems of action. Water workers developed and turned to standardized analytical methods for detecting chemical and microbiological contaminants, and more recently sensory contaminants, a process that attempted to mitigate the unevenness of human sensing. In so doing, they created regimes of perception that categorized consumer sensory knowledge as aesthetic. By siloing consumers' sensory knowledge about water quality into the realm of the aesthetic instead of accommodating it in the analytic, the regimes of perception implemented during the twentieth century to preserve health have marginalized subjective experiences. Discounting the human experience with municipal water as irrelevant to its quality, control and regulation is out of touch with its intended use as an ingestible, and calls for new practices that engage consumers as valuable participants.

Review of nutrition labeling formats.

PubMed

Geiger, C J; Wyse, B W; Parent, C R; Hansen, R G

1991-07-01

This article examines nutrition labeling history as well as the findings of nine research studies of nutrition labeling formats. Nutrition labeling regulations were announced in 1973 and have been periodically amended since then. In response to requests from consumers and health care professionals for revision of the labeling system, the Food and Drug Administration initiated a three-phase plan for reform of nutrition labeling in 1990. President Bush signed the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act in November 1990. Literature analysis revealed that only nine studies with an experimental design have focused on nutrition labeling since 1971. Four were conducted before 1975, which was the year that nutrition labeling was officially implemented, two were conducted in 1980, and three were conducted after 1986. Only two of the nine studies supported the traditional label format mandated by the Code of Federal Regulations, and one study partially supported it. Four of the nine studies that evaluated graphic presentations of nutrition information found that consumer comprehension of nutrition information was improved with a graphic format for nutrition labeling: three studies supported the use of bar graphs and one study supported the use of a pie chart. Full disclosure (ie, complete nutrient and ingredient labeling) was preferred by consumers in two of the three studies that examined this variable. The third study supported three types of information disclosure dependent upon socioeconomic class. In those studies that tested graphics, a bar graph format was significantly preferred and showed better consumer comprehension than the traditional format.

7 CFR 1212.12 - Importer-Handler Representative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

....12 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HONEY PACKERS AND IMPORTERS RESEARCH, PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers...

7 CFR 1212.32 - United States Customs Service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

....32 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HONEY PACKERS AND IMPORTERS RESEARCH, PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers...

7 CFR 1212.83 - Proceedings after termination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

....83 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HONEY PACKERS AND IMPORTERS RESEARCH, PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers...

12 CFR 1022.24 - Reasonable opportunity to opt out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 1022.24 Reasonable opportunity to opt out. (a) In general. You must not use eligibility information about a consumer that you receive from an affiliate to make a solicitation...

12 CFR 222.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 222.28... using eligibility information that you receive from an affiliate to make solicitations to a consumer if...

12 CFR 1022.24 - Reasonable opportunity to opt out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 1022.24 Reasonable opportunity to opt out. (a) In general. You must not use eligibility information about a consumer that you receive from an affiliate to make a solicitation...

12 CFR 222.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 222.28... using eligibility information that you receive from an affiliate to make solicitations to a consumer if...

12 CFR 1022.24 - Reasonable opportunity to opt out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 1022.24 Reasonable opportunity to opt out. (a) In general. You must not use eligibility information about a consumer that you receive from an affiliate to make a solicitation...

16 CFR § 1101.52 - Procedure for retraction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Procedure for retraction. § 1101.52 Section... REGULATIONS INFORMATION DISCLOSURE UNDER SECTION 6(b) OF THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT Retraction § 1101.52 Procedure for retraction. (a) Initiative. The Commission may retract information under section 6(b)(7) on...

49 CFR 599.508 - Statements of matters in dispute and submission of supporting information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Statements of matters in dispute and submission of supporting information. 599.508 Section 599.508 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR CONSUME...

76 FR 38186 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for Office of Management and Budget Review...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-29

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2010-N-0502... Request; National Consumer Surveys on Understanding the Risks and Benefits of FDA--Regulated Medical... Administration (FDA) is announcing that a proposed collection of information has been submitted to the Office of...

Nutrigenomics and ethics interface: direct-to-consumer services and commercial aspects.

PubMed

Ries, Nola M; Castle, David

2008-12-01

A growing variety and number of genetic tests are advertised and sold directly to consumers (DTC) via the Internet, including nutrigenomic tests and associated products and services. Consumers have more access to genetic information about themselves, but access does not entail certainty about the implications of test results. Potential personal and public health harms and benefits are associated with DTC access to genetic testing services. Early policy responses to direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing often involved calls for bans, and some jurisdictions prohibited DTC genetic tests. Recent policy responses by oversight bodies acknowledge expansion in the range of DTC tests available and suggest that a "one-size-fits-all" regulatory approach is not appropriate for all genetic tests. This review discusses ethical and regulatory aspects of DTC genetic testing, focusing particularly on nutrigenomic tests. We identify policy options for regulating DTC genetic tests, including full or partial prohibitions, enforcement of existing truth-in-advertising laws, and more comprehensive information disclosure about genetic tests. We advocate the latter option as an important means to improve transparency about current evidence on the strengths and limits of gene-disease associations and allow consumers to make informed purchasing decisions in the DTC marketplace.

76 FR 81789 - Consumer Leasing (Regulation M); Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-29

... BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION 12 CFR Part 1013 [Docket No. CFPB-2011-0026] RIN 3170-AA06 Consumer Leasing (Regulation M); Correction AGENCY: Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection. ACTION...). The interim final rule established a new Regulation M (Consumer Leasing) in accordance with the...

Consumers' Perceptions of Edible Marijuana Products for Recreational Use: Likes, Dislikes, and Reasons for Use.

PubMed

Giombi, Kristen C; Kosa, Katherine M; Rains, Carrie; Cates, Sheryl C

2018-03-21

Edible marijuana products have become extremely popular in states that have legalized marijuana for recreational use. The goal of this research was to provide a better understanding of consumer perceptions of edible marijuana products, including why they prefer edibles relative to other forms of marijuana (e.g., smoking) and their concerns regarding the consumption of edibles. We conducted eight focus groups (four groups in Denver, Colorado, and four groups in Seattle, Washington) in February 2016 with 62 adult consumers of edibles. Focus group transcripts were coded in QSR NVivo 10.0 qualitative analysis software, and coding reports identified trends across participants. Most participants preferred edibles to smoking marijuana because there is no smell from smoke and no secondhand smoke. Other reasons participants like edibles included convenience, discreetness, longer-lasting highs, less intense highs, and edibles' ability to aid in relaxation and reduce anxiety more so than smoking marijuana. Concerns and dislikes about edibles included delayed effects, unexpected highs, the unpredictability of the high, and inconsistency of distribution of marijuana in the product. No participants in either location mentioned harmful health effects from consuming edibles as a concern. Conclusions/Importance: The present study was qualitative in nature and provides a good starting point for further research to quantify through surveys how consumers understand and use edibles. Such information will help guide policy makers and regulators as they establish regulations for edibles. Also, such research can help inform educational campaigns on proper use of edibles for recreational purposes.

7 CFR 1212.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Referendum Procedures § 1212.101 Definitions. (a) Administrator means the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service, with power to re...

12 CFR 334.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 334.28 Effective date... eligibility information that you receive from an affiliate to make solicitations to a consumer if you receive...

12 CFR 334.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 334.28 Effective date... eligibility information that you receive from an affiliate to make solicitations to a consumer if you receive...

12 CFR 334.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 334.28 Effective date... eligibility information that you receive from an affiliate to make solicitations to a consumer if you receive...

12 CFR 334.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 334.28 Effective date... eligibility information that you receive from an affiliate to make solicitations to a consumer if you receive...

16 CFR 1102.44 - Applicability of sections 6(a) and (b) of the CPSA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE Notice and...) in the Database. (b) Limitation on construction. Section 1102.44(a) shall not be construed to exempt...

16 CFR 1102.44 - Applicability of sections 6(a) and (b) of the CPSA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE Notice and...) in the Database. (b) Limitation on construction. Section 1102.44(a) shall not be construed to exempt...

17 CFR 248.13 - Exception to opt out requirements for service providers and joint marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exception to opt out requirements for service providers and joint marketing. 248.13 Section 248.13 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-P: Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguardin...

75 FR 67666 - Use of Various Winemaking Terms on Wine Labels and in Advertisements; Request for Public Comment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-03

...The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau is considering amending the regulations concerning various winemaking terms commonly used on labels and in advertisements to provide consumers with information about the growing or bottling conditions of wine. We invite comments from industry members, consumers, and other interested parties as to whether and to what extent we should propose specific regulatory amendments for further public comment.

International Implications of Labeling Foods Containing Engineered Nanomaterials.

PubMed

Grieger, Khara D; Hansen, Steffen Foss; Mortensen, Ninell P; Cates, Sheryl; Kowalcyk, Barbara

2016-05-01

To provide greater transparency and comprehensive information to consumers regarding their purchase choices, the European Parliament and the Council have mandated via Regulation 1169/2011 that foods containing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) be labeled. This review covers the main concerns related to the use of ENMs in foods and the potential impacts that this type of food labeling might have on diverse stakeholder groups, including those outside the European Union (EU), e.g., in the United States. We also provide recommendations to stakeholders for overcoming existing challenges related to labeling foods containing ENMs. The revised EU food labeling requirements will likely result in a number of positive developments and a number of challenges for stakeholders in both EU and non-EU countries. Although labeling of foods containing ENMs will likely improve transparency, provide more information to facilitate consumer decisions, and build trust among food safety authorities and consumers, critical obstacles to the successful implementation of these labeling requirements remain, including the need for (i) harmonized information requirements or regulations between countries in different regions of the world, (ii) clarification of the regulatory definitions of the ENMs to be used for food labeling, (iii) robust techniques to detect, measure, and characterize diverse ENMs in food matrices, and (iv) clarification of the list of ENMs that may be exempt from labeling requirements, such as several food additives used for decades. We recommend that food industries and food safety authorities be more proactive in communicating with the public and consumer groups regarding the potential benefits and risks of using ENMs in foods. Efforts should be made to improve harmonization of information requirements between countries to avoid potential international trade barriers.

"Their Packaging Has Always Been Like a Power": A Qualitative Study of U.S. Smokers' Perceptions of Cigarette Pack Visual Design Features to Inform Product Regulation.

PubMed

Lee, Joseph G L; Averett, Paige E; Blanchflower, Tiffany; Landi, Nunzio; Gregory, Kyle R

2017-10-17

Cigarette packaging matters to consumer behavior. However, it is less clear which changes to packaging design would be salient for adult smokers. Such information is critically important to regulators in the United States who are charged with reviewing new tobacco products for their impact on population health. In this qualitative study, U.S. adult smokers ( n = 33) participated in six telephone-based focus groups in March 2017. Separate groups were comprised of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) participants; participants with less than four years of post-secondary education; a mix of LGB and straight participants; and, the general population. All groups were purposely selected for diversity. Open thematic coding identified salient design elements used on cigarette packaging. Smokers articulated design elements' use, meaning, and links with consumer behaviors. Three themes were identified: (1) the power of color, (2) supporting color with other design elements (e.g., logos/images, typography, the pack itself), and (3) the combined product brand experience of multiple design elements. Participants linked design elements to product characteristics and to consumer behavior (e.g., purchase). As the Food and Drug Administration is charged with regulating tobacco products, these findings suggest the importance of considering the cigarette pack part of the characteristics of a product.

“Their Packaging Has Always Been Like a Power”: A Qualitative Study of U.S. Smokers’ Perceptions of Cigarette Pack Visual Design Features to Inform Product Regulation

PubMed Central

Blanchflower, Tiffany; Landi, Nunzio; Gregory, Kyle R.

2017-01-01

Cigarette packaging matters to consumer behavior. However, it is less clear which changes to packaging design would be salient for adult smokers. Such information is critically important to regulators in the United States who are charged with reviewing new tobacco products for their impact on population health. In this qualitative study, U.S. adult smokers (n = 33) participated in six telephone-based focus groups in March 2017. Separate groups were comprised of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) participants; participants with less than four years of post-secondary education; a mix of LGB and straight participants; and, the general population. All groups were purposely selected for diversity. Open thematic coding identified salient design elements used on cigarette packaging. Smokers articulated design elements’ use, meaning, and links with consumer behaviors. Three themes were identified: (1) the power of color, (2) supporting color with other design elements (e.g., logos/images, typography, the pack itself), and (3) the combined product brand experience of multiple design elements. Participants linked design elements to product characteristics and to consumer behavior (e.g., purchase). As the Food and Drug Administration is charged with regulating tobacco products, these findings suggest the importance of considering the cigarette pack part of the characteristics of a product. PMID:29039769

76 FR 80832 - Fire Pots and Gel Fuel; Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking; Request for Comments and Information

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-27

... CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION 16 CFR Part Chapter II Fire Pots and Gel Fuel; Advance Notice... comments received, go to http://www.regulations.gov . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Rohit Khanna, Fire..., they can present serious burn and fire hazards. Firepots and gel fuel are usually sold as separate...

12 CFR 216.13 - Exception to opt out requirements for service providers and joint marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... providers and joint marketing. 216.13 Section 216.13 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Exceptions... personal information except as necessary to carry out the joint marketing or under an exception in § 216.14...

16 CFR 1102.44 - Applicability of sections 6(a) and (b) of the CPSA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE (Eff. Jan... publication in § 1102.10(d) in the Database. (b) Limitation on construction. Section 1102.44(a) shall not be...

7 CFR 1212.9 - Honey.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Honey. 1212.9 Section 1212.9 Agriculture Regulations... ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HONEY PACKERS AND IMPORTERS RESEARCH, PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Honey Packers and Importers Research, Promotion...

76 FR 75825 - Streamlining Inherited Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-05

... submitting comments. Mail: Research, Markets & Regulations Division, Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection... Lieu of Mail: Research, Markets & Regulations Division, Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, 1700 G..., Counsel, Research, Markets & Regulations Division, Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, (202) 453-7700...

How consumers of plastic water bottles are responding to environmental policies?

PubMed

Orset, Caroline; Barret, Nicolas; Lemaire, Aurélien

2017-03-01

Although plastic induces environmental damages, almost all water bottles are made from plastic and the consumption never stops increasing. This study evaluates the consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for different plastics used for water packaging. Successive messages emphasizing the characteristics of plastic are delivered to consumers allowing explaining the influence of information on the consumers' WTP. We find that information has a manifest effect on the WTP. We show there is a significant premium associated with recycled plastic packaging and biodegradable bioplastic packaging. As there is no consensus on the plastic which is the most or the least dangerous for the environment, we propose different policies for protecting the environment. We discuss about the impact of these policies on consumer's purchasing decisions: switching one plastic packaging for another, or leaving water plastic bottles market. We present the environmental policies that are effective according to the point of view adopted. Choosing between these policies then depends on the priorities of the regulator and pressure of lobbies. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

"The Google of Healthcare": enabling the privatization of genetic bio/databanking.

PubMed

Spector-Bagdady, Kayte

2016-07-01

23andMe is back on the market as the first direct-to-consumer genetic testing company that "includes reports that meet Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards…." But, whereas its front-end product is selling individual genetic tests online, its back-end business model is amassing one of the largest privately owned genetic databases in the world. What is the effect, however, of the private control of bio/databases on genetic epidemiology and public health research? The recent federal government notices of proposed rulemaking for: (1) revisions to regulations governing human subjects research and (2) whether certain direct-to-consumer genetic tests should require premarket FDA review, were reviewed and related to the 23andMe product, business model, and consumer agreements. FDA regulatory action so far has focused on the return of consumer test reports but it should also consider the broader misuse of data and information not otherwise protected by human subjects research regulations. As the federal government revises its decades-old human subjects research structure, the Executive Office of the President (EOP) should consider a cohesive approach to regulating private genetic bio/databanks. This strategy should allow the FDA and other agencies to play a role in expanding current regulatory coverage. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Limitations of direct-to-consumer advertising for clinical genetic testing.

PubMed

Gollust, Sarah E; Hull, Sara Chandros; Wilfond, Benjamin S

2002-10-09

Although direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertisements for pharmaceuticals have been appearing in the mass media for 20 years, DTC advertisements for genetic testing have only recently appeared. Advertisements for genetic testing can provide both consumers and physicians with information about test availability in an expanding market. However, 3 factors limit the value and appropriateness of advertisements: complex information, a complicated social context surrounding genetics, and a lack of consensus about the clinical utility of some tests. Consideration of several advertisements suggests that they overstate the value of genetic testing for consumers' clinical care. Furthermore, advertisements may provide misinformation about genetics, exaggerate consumers' risks, endorse a deterministic relationship between genes and disease, and reinforce associations between diseases and ethnic groups. Advertising motivated by factors other than evidence of the clinical value of genetic tests can manipulate consumers' behavior by exploiting their fears and worries. At this time, DTC advertisements are inappropriate, given the public's limited sophistication regarding genetics and the lack of comprehensive premarket review of tests or oversight of advertisement content. Existing Federal Trade Commission and Food and Drug Administration regulations for other types of health-related advertising should be applied to advertisements for genetic tests.

The “Natural” vs. “Natural Flavors” Conflict in Food Labeling: A Regulatory Viewpoint.

PubMed

Goodman, Matthew J

Food branded with a Natural label can be found in any grocery store across the United States. Consumers consider this label to be an important attribute when making a purchasing decision and billions of dollars are spent annually on these products. While many consumers believe Natural foods are healthier, heavy reliance on that assumption is misguided as “Natural” has no formal legal definition—it’s merely defined pursuant to an FDA approved informal policy. Another important health attribute in a consumer’s purchasing decision is the presence of natural flavors in food. However, unlike the term Natural, FDA has promulgated legally binding regulations for natural flavors. These flavors are currently the fourth most common food ingredient listed on food labels. In reality, “natural flavors” are a far cry from what consumers might expect, as they can contain both artificial and synthetic chemicals (often used as processing aids). Nonetheless, without a legally binding Natural regulation, there has been little opportunity to contest the naturalness of natural flavors in the past. Recently, FDA has initiated a notification of request for comments on use of the term Natural, so an attempt to promulgate regulations may be underway. Thus, it is appropriate to consider where natural flavors will fall if binding regulations are set forth. This article looks at the Natural debate, its history, and model regulatory standards worth considering. Within that context, it also provides a critical discussion concerning a misunderstood, yet federally regulated, ingredient that our society so heavily consumes: natural flavors.

7 CFR 1212.104 - Subagents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Subagents. 1212.104 Section 1212.104 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Referendum Procedures § 1212.104 Subagents. The...

7 CFR 1212.102 - Voting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Voting. 1212.102 Section 1212.102 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Referendum Procedures § 1212.102 Voting. (a...

Building Change Readiness Practices for Information Technology Support Staff

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perkins, Dianna Joseph

2014-01-01

With the turbulent economic conditions of the healthcare market, organizational leaders are faced with significant factors driving unprecedented change. Healthcare organizations are challenged with reimbursement reductions, high costs, modification of government regulations, and demanding healthcare consumers. Survival for healthcare organizations…

7 CFR 1220.620 - Facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Facilities. 1220.620 Section 1220.620 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... CONSUMER INFORMATION Procedures To Request a Referendum Definitions § 1220.620 Facilities. Each county FSA...

40 CFR 59.106 - Variance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND EMISSION STANDARDS FOR CONSUMER AND COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings § 59.106 Variance. (a) Any regulated entity... confidential information in reaching a decision on a variance application. Interested members of the public...

7 CFR 1220.113 - Marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Marketing. 1220.113 Section 1220.113 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1220.113 Marketing. The term...

7 CFR 1220.113 - Marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Marketing. 1220.113 Section 1220.113 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1220.113 Marketing. The term...

7 CFR 1220.113 - Marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Marketing. 1220.113 Section 1220.113 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1220.113 Marketing. The term...

7 CFR 1220.113 - Marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Marketing. 1220.113 Section 1220.113 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1220.113 Marketing. The term...

A Consumer Protection Model for Regulating Lawyers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chalfie, Deborah M.

1992-01-01

Describes and critiques the "discipline model" of lawyer regulation from a consumer point of view and outlines an alternative model for regulating lawyers that is grounded in consumer protection principles. (JOW)

The power of putting a label on it: green labels weigh heavier than contradicting product information for consumers' purchase decisions and post-purchase behavior.

PubMed

Hahnel, Ulf J J; Arnold, Oliver; Waschto, Michael; Korcaj, Liridon; Hillmann, Karen; Roser, Damaris; Spada, Hans

2015-01-01

Green products are appealing. Thus, labeling products as environmentally friendly is an effective strategy to increase sales. However, the labels often promise more than the products can actually deliver. In the present research, we examined the expectation that consumers with high ecological motivation have strong preferences for green-labeled products - even when presented product information contradicts the label's image. This unsettling hypothesis is grounded in the labels' potential to create a cognitive match between the labeled product and consumers' motives. For labels indicating environmental friendliness (green product labels), this link should be strongest when consumers' ecological motivation is high. Findings in a series of three experiments support our assumption, showing that consumers with high ecological motivation had strong preferences (i.e., product evaluations, purchase intentions, and simulated purchase decisions) for green-labeled products as compared to consumers with low ecological motivation (Studies 1-3). Crucially, these preferences were robust, despite contradicting environmental product information (Studies 1 and 2). We extended our findings by additionally examining the impact of product labels and motivation on moral self-regulation processes. This was established by assessing participants' pro-social behavior after the purchase task: participants with high ecological motivation acted, consistent with their motives, more pro-socially in post-decision occasions. In accordance with moral cleansing effects, pro-social behavior was intensified after purchasing conventional products (Studies 2 and 3). Green labels protected participants with high ecological motivation from moral threats due to the purchase, thus making pro-social behavior less likely. Findings suggest that highly ecologically motivated consumers are most susceptible to green labels, which may override detailed product information.

7 CFR 1220.600 - Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Act. 1220.600 Section 1220.600 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act set forth in title XIX, subtitle E, of the Food...

7 CFR 1220.101 - Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Act. 1220.101 Section 1220.101 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... the Soybean Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act, subtitle E of title XIX, of the Food...

7 CFR 1212.6 - First handler.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false First handler. 1212.6 Section 1212.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Definitions § 1212.6 First handler. “First handler...

7 CFR 1220.116 - Part and subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOYBEAN PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1220.116 Part and subpart. Part means the Soybean Promotion and Research Order and all rules and regulations issued pursuant to the Act...

7 CFR 1220.116 - Part and subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOYBEAN PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1220.116 Part and subpart. Part means the Soybean Promotion and Research Order and all rules and regulations issued pursuant to the Act...

The Information Superhighway: A Review of Some Determining Factors.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cawkell, Tony

1997-01-01

Examines consumer services delivered via the Internet. Discusses social and political factors (regulation, commercial alliances, copyright), specific applications (home banking and shopping, distance education, electronic mail, games, telecommuting), and constraints of data transmission. Since many applications are based on videoconferencing,…

Advisability of Regulating Electric Vehicles for Energy Conservation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-08-01

Vehicles that do not consume fuel are examined to determine if they should be included under the provisions of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act, as amended by Title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act. The manner if compar...

7 CFR 1230.623 - Supervision of referendum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Supervision of referendum. 1230.623 Section 1230.623 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... CONSUMER INFORMATION Procedures for the Conduct of Referendum Referendum § 1230.623 Supervision of...

7 CFR 1230.623 - Supervision of referendum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Supervision of referendum. 1230.623 Section 1230.623 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... CONSUMER INFORMATION Procedures for the Conduct of Referendum Referendum § 1230.623 Supervision of...

7 CFR 1230.623 - Supervision of referendum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Supervision of referendum. 1230.623 Section 1230.623 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... CONSUMER INFORMATION Procedures for the Conduct of Referendum Referendum § 1230.623 Supervision of...

7 CFR 1230.623 - Supervision of referendum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Supervision of referendum. 1230.623 Section 1230.623 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... CONSUMER INFORMATION Procedures for the Conduct of Referendum Referendum § 1230.623 Supervision of...

7 CFR 1230.623 - Supervision of referendum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Supervision of referendum. 1230.623 Section 1230.623 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... CONSUMER INFORMATION Procedures for the Conduct of Referendum Referendum § 1230.623 Supervision of...

Labeling and advertising of home insulation. Final staff report to the Federal Trade Commission and proposed trade regulation rule (16 CFR Part 460)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Insulation can save significant amounts of fuel and money, and has therefore captured public attention as a desirable energy conservation measure. Because insulation is a very difficult product for uninformed consumers to evaluate, there was broad support for a rule requiring the disclosure of information facilitating choices among insulation products. With the information that the Recommended Rule will require, consumers will be able to compare the thermal properties of varous types of insulation and make the best purchases for their needs. In order to provide consumers, as quickly as possible, with information aiding their purchase of this major conservation measure,more » and to protect consumers from the abuses that rising demand has brought, the Commission undertook this rulemaking proceeding on an expedited schedule. The Rule was proposed on November 18, 1977. The tests mandated by the Rule will provide reproducible and accurate R-values, permitting comparisons of thermal performance. As a result of the testing and required disclosures of R-values and related information, consumers should be able to make sound choices for their needs, without being uninformed or misinformed about the relative values of different types of insulation. The Recommended Rule covers the testing, advertising, and labeling of thermal insulation products. It includes organic, fibrous, cellular, and reflective insulations sold for use in homes, apartments, and other residential dwellings. Insulation sold directly to consumers for do-it-yourself installation is covered, as well as insulation installed by professionals.« less

78 FR 25818 - Truth in Lending (Regulation Z)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-03

...The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (Bureau) issues this final rule to amend Regulation Z, which implements the Truth in Lending Act (TILA), and the official interpretations to the regulation. Regulation Z generally prohibits a card issuer from opening a credit card account for a consumer, or increasing the credit limit applicable to a credit card account, unless the card issuer considers the consumer's ability to make the required payments under the terms of such account. Regulation Z currently requires that issuers consider the consumer's independent ability to pay, regardless of the consumer's age; in contrast, TILA expressly requires consideration of an independent ability to pay only for applicants who are under the age of 21. The final rule amends Regulation Z to remove the requirement that issuers consider the consumer's independent ability to pay for applicants who are 21 or older, and permits issuers to consider income and assets to which such consumers have a reasonable expectation of access.

A Distributed Value of Information (VoI)-Based Approach for Mission-Adaptive Context-Aware Information Management and Presentation

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-16

metrics involve regulating automation of complex systems , such as aircraft .12 Additionally, adaptive management of content in user interfaces has also...both the user and environmental context would aid in deciding how to present the information to the Warfighter. The prototype system currently...positioning system , and rate sensors can provide user - specific context to disambiguate physiologic data. The consumer “quantified self” market has driven

Which lessons can we learn from the European Union legal framework of medicines for the regulation of direct-to-consumer genetic tests?

PubMed

van Hellemondt, Rachèl; Hendriks, Aart; Breuning, Martijn

2012-01-01

The legal framework of the European Union (EU) for regulating access to and supply of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic tests is very liberal compared to the legal and regulatory framework for (internet) medicines. Nevertheless, both health related products can cause equally serious damage to the well being of individuals. In this contribution we examine whether the legal framework of the EU for the safety and responsible use of (internet) medicines could be an example for regulating access to and supply of DTC genetic tests. The EU laws governing medicines can, notwithstanding their shortcomings, serve as an example for (central) authorising the marketing of DTC genetic tests on the internal market in accordance with strict criteria regarding predictive value and clinical usefulness. Furthermore, a legal framework controlling DTC genetic tests also should introduce system supervision as well as quality criteria with respect to the information to be provided to consumers in order to enhance health protection. However, DTC genetic tests purchased through online ordering are difficult to supervise by any agency. Adequately protecting individuals against questionable testing kits calls for international vigilance and comprehensive measures by the international community. For Europe, it is important to rank the regulation of DTC genetic tests on the European regulatory agenda.

Medicines Information and the Regulation of the Promotion of Pharmaceuticals.

PubMed

Leonardo Alves, Teresa; Lexchin, Joel; Mintzes, Barbara

2018-05-02

Many factors contribute to the inappropriate use of medicines, including not only a lack of information but also inaccurate and misleading promotional information. This review examines how the promotion of pharmaceuticals directly affects the prescribing and use of medicines. We define promotion broadly as all actions taken directly by pharmaceutical companies with the aim of enhancing product sales. We look in greater detail at promotion techniques aimed at prescribers, such as sales representatives, pharmaceutical advertisements in medical journals and use of key opinion leaders, along with the quality of information provided and the effects thereof. We also discuss promotion to the public, through direct-to-consumer advertising, and its effects. Finally, we consider initiatives to regulate promotion that come from industry, government and nongovernmental organizations.

Fluid or fuel? The context of consuming a beverage is important for satiety.

PubMed

McCrickerd, Keri; Chambers, Lucy; Yeomans, Martin R

2014-01-01

Energy-containing beverages have a weak effect on satiety, limited by their fluid characteristics and perhaps because they are not considered 'food'. This study investigated whether the context of consuming a beverage can influence the satiating power of its nutrients. Eighty participants consumed a lower- (LE, 75 kcal) and higher-energy (HE, 272 kcal) version of a beverage (covertly manipulated within-groups) on two test days, in one of four beverage contexts (between-groups): thin versions of the test-drinks were consumed as a thirst-quenching drink (n = 20), a filling snack (n = 20), or without additional information (n = 20). A fourth group consumed subtly thicker versions of the beverages without additional information (n = 20). Lunch intake 60 minutes later depended on the beverage context and energy content (p = 0.030): participants who consumed the thin beverages without additional information ate a similar amount of lunch after the LE and HE versions (LE = 475 kcal, HE = 464 kcal; p = 0.690) as did those participants who believed the beverages were designed to quench-thirst (LE = 442 kcal, HE = 402 kcal; p = 0.213), despite consuming an additional 197 kcal in the HE beverage. Consuming the beverage as a filling snack led participants to consume less at lunch after the HE beverage compared to the LE version (LE = 506 kcal, HE = 437 kcal; p = 0.025). This effect was also seen when the beverages were subtly thicker, with participants in this group displaying the largest response to the beverage's energy content, consuming less at lunch after the HE version (LE = 552 kcal, HE = 415 kcal; p<0.001). These data indicate that beliefs about the consequences of consuming a beverage can affect the impact of its nutrients on appetite regulation and provide further evidence that a beverage's sensory characteristics can limit its satiating power.

Fluid or Fuel? The Context of Consuming a Beverage Is Important for Satiety

PubMed Central

McCrickerd, Keri; Chambers, Lucy; Yeomans, Martin R.

2014-01-01

Energy-containing beverages have a weak effect on satiety, limited by their fluid characteristics and perhaps because they are not considered ‘food’. This study investigated whether the context of consuming a beverage can influence the satiating power of its nutrients. Eighty participants consumed a lower- (LE, 75 kcal) and higher-energy (HE, 272 kcal) version of a beverage (covertly manipulated within-groups) on two test days, in one of four beverage contexts (between-groups): thin versions of the test-drinks were consumed as a thirst-quenching drink (n = 20), a filling snack (n = 20), or without additional information (n = 20). A fourth group consumed subtly thicker versions of the beverages without additional information (n = 20). Lunch intake 60 minutes later depended on the beverage context and energy content (p = 0.030): participants who consumed the thin beverages without additional information ate a similar amount of lunch after the LE and HE versions (LE = 475 kcal, HE = 464 kcal; p = 0.690) as did those participants who believed the beverages were designed to quench-thirst (LE = 442 kcal, HE = 402 kcal; p = 0.213), despite consuming an additional 197 kcal in the HE beverage. Consuming the beverage as a filling snack led participants to consume less at lunch after the HE beverage compared to the LE version (LE = 506 kcal, HE = 437 kcal; p = 0.025). This effect was also seen when the beverages were subtly thicker, with participants in this group displaying the largest response to the beverage’s energy content, consuming less at lunch after the HE version (LE = 552 kcal, HE = 415 kcal; p<0.001). These data indicate that beliefs about the consequences of consuming a beverage can affect the impact of its nutrients on appetite regulation and provide further evidence that a beverage’s sensory characteristics can limit its satiating power. PMID:24945526

16 CFR 1509.1 - Scope of part 1509.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Scope of part 1509. 1509.1 Section 1509.1 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION FEDERAL HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ACT REGULATIONS.... The English approximations are provided in parentheses for convenience and information only, and do...

7 CFR 1220.314 - Document evidencing payment of assessments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... SOYBEAN PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION Rules and Regulations Assessments § 1220.314... assessment to a Qualified State Soybean Board or the United Soybean Board is required to give to the producer... producer. (6) Date. (7) State in which soybeans were grown. (b) [Reserved] ...

7 CFR 1220.314 - Document evidencing payment of assessments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SOYBEAN PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION Rules and Regulations Assessments § 1220.314... assessment to a Qualified State Soybean Board or the United Soybean Board is required to give to the producer... producer. (6) Date. (7) State in which soybeans were grown. (b) [Reserved] ...

Fiber Optics: Deregulate and Deploy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suwinski, Jan H.

1993-01-01

Describes fiber optic technology, explains its use in education and commercial settings, and recommends regulations and legislation that will speed its use to create broadband information networks. Topics discussed include distance learning; interactive video; costs; and the roles of policy makers, lawmakers, public advocacy groups, and consumers.…

47 CFR 24.9 - Operation of certificated signal boosters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Operation of certificated signal boosters. 24.9... PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES General Information § 24.9 Operation of certificated signal boosters. Individuals and non-individuals may operate certificated Consumer Signal Boosters on frequencies regulated...

47 CFR 24.9 - Operation of certificated signal boosters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Operation of certificated signal boosters. 24.9... PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES General Information § 24.9 Operation of certificated signal boosters. Individuals and non-individuals may operate certificated Consumer Signal Boosters on frequencies regulated...

12 CFR 40.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION... offices of entities for which the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency has primary supervisory... regulation by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. (2) Nothing in this part modifies, limits, or...

12 CFR 40.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION... offices of entities for which the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency has primary supervisory... regulation by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. (2) Nothing in this part modifies, limits, or...

7 CFR 1212.14 - Market or marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Market or marketing. 1212.14 Section 1212.14 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING..., Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Definitions § 1212.14 Market or marketing. (a...

7 CFR 1212.14 - Market or marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Market or marketing. 1212.14 Section 1212.14 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING..., Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Definitions § 1212.14 Market or marketing. (a...

Direct-To-Consumer Internet Promotion Of Robotic Prostatectomy Exhibits Varying Quality Of Information

PubMed Central

Mirkin, Joshua N.; Lowrance, William T.; Feifer, Andrew H.; Mulhall, John P.; Eastham, James E.; Elkin, Elena B.

2013-01-01

Robotic surgery to remove a cancerous prostate has become a popular treatment. Internet marketing of this surgery provides an intriguing case study of direct-to-consumer promotions of medical devices, which are more loosely regulated than pharmaceutical promotions. We investigated whether the claims made in online promotions of robotic prostatectomy were consistent with evidence from comparative effectiveness studies. After performing a search and crosssectional analysis of websites that mentioned the procedure, we found that many sites claimed benefits that were unsupported by evidence and that 42 percent of the sites failed to mention risks. Most sites were published by hospitals and physicians, which the public may regard as more objective than pages published by manufacturers. Unbalanced information may inappropriately raise patients’ expectations. Increasing enforcement and regulation of online promotions may be beyond the capabilities of federal authorities. Thus, the most feasible solution may be for the government and medical societies to promote the production of balanced educational material. PMID:22492893

Direct-to-consumer Internet promotion of robotic prostatectomy exhibits varying quality of information.

PubMed

Mirkin, Joshua N; Lowrance, William T; Feifer, Andrew H; Mulhall, John P; Eastham, James E; Elkin, Elena B

2012-04-01

Robotic surgery to remove a cancerous prostate has become a popular treatment. Internet marketing of this surgery provides an intriguing case study of direct-to-consumer promotions of medical devices, which are more loosely regulated than pharmaceutical promotions. We investigated whether the claims made in online promotions of robotic prostatectomy were consistent with evidence from comparative effectiveness studies. After performing a search and cross-sectional analysis of websites that mentioned the procedure, we found that many sites claimed benefits that were unsupported by evidence and that 42 percent of the sites failed to mention risks. Most sites were published by hospitals and physicians, which the public may regard as more objective than pages published by manufacturers. Unbalanced information may inappropriately raise patients' expectations. Increasing enforcement and regulation of online promotions may be beyond the capabilities of federal authorities. Thus, the most feasible solution may be for the government and medical societies to promote the production of balanced educational material.

Vehicle emissions and consumer information in car advertisements.

PubMed

Wilson, Nick; Maher, Anthony; Thomson, George; Keall, Michael

2008-04-29

The advertising of vehicles has been studied from a safety perspective but not in terms of vehicle air pollutants. We aimed to examine the content and trends of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution-related information, in light passenger vehicle advertisements. Content analysis of the two most popular current affairs magazines in New Zealand for the five year period 2001-2005 was undertaken (n = 514 advertisements). This was supplemented with vehicle data from official websites. The advertisements studied provided some information on fuel type (52%), and engine size (39%); but hardly any provided information on fuel efficiency (3%), or emissions (4%). Over the five-year period the reported engine size increased significantly, while fuel efficiency did not improve. For the vehicles advertised, for which relevant official website data could be obtained, the average "greenhouse rating" for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions was 5.1, with a range from 0.5 to 8.5 (on a scale with 10 being the best and 0.5 being the most polluting). The average CO2 emissions were 50% higher than the average for cars made by European manufacturers. The average "air pollution" rating for the advertised vehicles was 5.4 (on the same 1-10 scale). The yearly averages for the "greenhouse" or "air pollution" ratings did not change significantly over the five-year period. One advertised hybrid vehicle had a fuel consumption that was under half the average (4.4 versus 9.9 L/100 km), as well as the best "greenhouse" and "air pollution" ratings. To enhance informed consumer choice and to control greenhouse gas and air pollution emissions, governments should introduce regulations on the content of vehicle advertisements and marketing (as started by the European Union). Similar regulations are already in place for the marketing of many other consumer products.

From life insurance to safer sex--reflections of a marketing man.

PubMed

Mackay, Bruce

2008-05-01

Much of the writing on health in developing countries focuses on the public sector rather than the private market, and on providers rather than on consumers. A more consumer-oriented perspective would regard the transactions by which most people in most poor countries buy healthcare as the norm, just one among many purchases of a personal service which all of us, as consumers, have to make. This paper contends that asymmetric information is not confined to health and medicine, but is a common problem for consumers whatever the GDP of the country they live in, and however rich and poor they may be. Understanding how consumers overcome these problems yields insights into the ways in which providers have to market their services, and into what, if anything, governments and donors can do to extend, improve or regulate the private healthcare market.

75 FR 75207 - Regulation SBSR-Reporting and Dissemination of Security-Based Swap Information

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-02

...In accordance with Section 763 (``Section 763'') and Section 766 (``Section 766'') of Title VII (``Title VII'') of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the ``Dodd-Frank Act''), the Securities and Exchange Commission (``SEC'' or ``Commission'') is proposing Regulation SBSR--Reporting and Dissemination of Security-Based Swap Information (``Regulation SBSR'') under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Exchange Act'').\\1\\ Proposed Regulation SBSR would provide for the reporting of security- based swap information to registered security-based swap data repositories or the Commission and the public dissemination of security-based swap transaction, volume, and pricing information. Registered security-based swap data repositories would be required to establish and maintain certain policies and procedures regarding how transaction data are reported and disseminated, and participants of registered security-based swap data repositories that are security- based swap dealers or major security-based swap participants would be required to establish and maintain policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that they comply with applicable reporting obligations. Finally, proposed Regulation SBSR also would require a registered SDR to register with the Commission as a securities information processor on existing Form SIP. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Consumers' Preferences for Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Product Features: A Structured Content Analysis.

PubMed

Kistler, Christine E; Crutchfield, Trisha M; Sutfin, Erin L; Ranney, Leah M; Berman, Micah L; Zarkin, Gary A; Goldstein, Adam O

2017-06-07

To inform potential governmental regulations, we aimed to develop a list of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) product features important to U.S. consumers by age and gender. We employed qualitative data methods. Participants were eligible if they had used an ENDS at least once. Groups were selected by age and gender (young adult group aged 18-25, n = 11; middle-age group aged 26-64, n = 9; and women's group aged 26-64, n = 9). We conducted five individual older adult interviews (aged 68-80). Participants discussed important ENDS features. We conducted a structured content analysis of the group and interview responses. Of 34 participants, 68% were white and 56% were female. Participants mentioned 12 important ENDS features, including: (1) user experience; (2) social acceptability; (3) cost; (4) health risks/benefits; (5) ease of use; (6) flavors; (7) smoking cessation aid; (8) nicotine content; (9) modifiability; (10) ENDS regulation; (11) bridge between tobacco cigarettes; (12) collectability. The most frequently mentioned ENDS feature was modifiability for young adults, user experience for middle-age and older adults, and flavor for the women's group. This study identified multiple features important to ENDS consumers. Groups differed in how they viewed various features by age and gender. These results can inform ongoing regulatory efforts.

75 FR 53127 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2005-45; Introduction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-30

... urban consumers, except for Davis-Bacon Act, Service Contract Act, and trade agreements thresholds. The... Chambers. Cost or Pricing Data. III American Recovery 2009-008 Davis. and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the Recovery Act)-- Buy American Requirements for Construction Materials. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Summaries...

14 CFR 234.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... REGULATIONS AIRLINE SERVICE QUALITY PERFORMANCE REPORTS § 234.1 Purpose. The purpose of this part is to set... system vendors in computerized form, except as otherwise provided, so that information on air carriers' quality of service can be made available to consumers of air transportation. This part also requires that...

14 CFR 234.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... REGULATIONS AIRLINE SERVICE QUALITY PERFORMANCE REPORTS § 234.1 Purpose. The purpose of this part is to set... system vendors in computerized form, except as otherwise provided, so that information on air carriers' quality of service can be made available to consumers of air transportation. This part also requires that...

14 CFR 234.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... REGULATIONS AIRLINE SERVICE QUALITY PERFORMANCE REPORTS § 234.1 Purpose. The purpose of this part is to set... system vendors in computerized form, except as otherwise provided, so that information on air carriers' quality of service can be made available to consumers of air transportation. This part also requires that...

14 CFR 234.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... REGULATIONS AIRLINE SERVICE QUALITY PERFORMANCE REPORTS § 234.1 Purpose. The purpose of this part is to set... system vendors in computerized form, except as otherwise provided, so that information on air carriers' quality of service can be made available to consumers of air transportation. This part also requires that...

75 FR 33806 - Proposed Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-15

... with Regulation CC (Expedited Funds Availability Act (EFAA)). Agency form number: Reg CC. OMB control... response: Banks: Specific availability policy disclosure and initial disclosures, 1 minute; notice in... consumer deposits, 15 minutes; annual notice of new automated teller machines (ATMs), 5 hours; ATM changes...

Competition, information, and quality: Evidence from nursing homes.

PubMed

Zhao, Xin

2016-09-01

Economic theory suggests that competition and information can both be important for product quality, and yet evidence on how they may interact to affect quality is sparse. This paper estimates the impact of competition between nursing homes on their quality, and how this impact varies when consumers have better access to information. The effect of competition is identified using exogenous variation in the geographical proximity of nursing homes to their potential consumers. The change in information transparency is captured by the launch of the Five-Star Quality Rating System in 2009, which improved access to the quality information of nursing homes. We find that while the effect of competition on nursing home quality is generally rather limited, this effect becomes significantly stronger with increased information transparency. The results suggest that regulations on public quality reporting and on market structure are policy complements, and should be considered jointly to best improve quality. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sodium and nutrition labelling: a qualitative study exploring New Zealand consumers' food purchasing behaviours.

PubMed

McLean, Rachael; Hoek, Janet

2014-05-01

Dietary sodium reduction is an important public health intervention that would reduce blood pressure and chronic disease. An understanding of how New Zealand consumers' food purchasing behaviour is influenced by perceptions of dietary sodium will inform future sodium-reduction strategies. The present qualitative study used in-depth interviews of adult consumers to explore consumer knowledge, understanding of food labels and food purchasing behaviour with respect to dietary sodium. New Zealand. A convenience sample of sixteen adult grocery shoppers. A thematic analysis of the transcripts showed New Zealand consumers lacked the background knowledge necessary to understand and regulate their own salt intake and were unable to interpret existing food labels with respect to dietary salt. The findings add further weight to calls for food labels that do not require background knowledge or numerical skills and highlight the need for population-based public health interventions. Education of New Zealand consumers on the health benefits of sodium reduction and how this may be achieved would complement this approach.

A decade of controversy: balancing policy with evidence in the regulation of prescription drug advertising.

PubMed

Frosch, Dominick L; Grande, David; Tarn, Derjung M; Kravitz, Richard L

2010-01-01

Direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs has remained controversial since regulations were liberalized by the Food and Drug Administration in 1997. We reviewed empirical evidence addressing the claims made in the policy debate for and against DTCA. This advertising has some benefits, but significant risks are evident as well, magnified by the prominence of DTCA in population-level health communications. To minimize potential harm and maximize the benefits of DTCA for population health, the quality and quantity of information should be improved to enable consumers to better self-identify whether treatment is indicated, more realistically appraise the benefits, and better attend to the risks associated with prescription drugs. We propose guidelines for improving the utility of prescription drug advertising.

The politics of managed competition: public abuse of the private interest.

PubMed

Robinson, James C

2003-01-01

The doctrine of managed competition in health care sought to achieve the social goals of access and efficiency using market incentives and consumer choice rather than governmental regulation and public administration. In retrospect, it demanded too much from both the public and the private sectors. Rather than develop choice-supporting rules and institutions, the public sector has promoted process regulation and benefit mandates. The private health insurance sector has pursued short-term profitability rather than cooperate in the development of fair competition and informed consumer choice. Purchasers have subsidized inefficient insurance designs in order to exploit tax and regulatory loopholes and to retain an image of corporate paternalism. America's health care system suffers from the public abuse of private interests and the private abuse of the public interest.

A Decade of Controversy: Balancing Policy With Evidence in the Regulation of Prescription Drug Advertising

PubMed Central

Grande, David; Tarn, Derjung M.; Kravitz, Richard L.

2010-01-01

Direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs has remained controversial since regulations were liberalized by the Food and Drug Administration in 1997. We reviewed empirical evidence addressing the claims made in the policy debate for and against DTCA. This advertising has some benefits, but significant risks are evident as well, magnified by the prominence of DTCA in population-level health communications. To minimize potential harm and maximize the benefits of DTCA for population health, the quality and quantity of information should be improved to enable consumers to better self-identify whether treatment is indicated, more realistically appraise the benefits, and better attend to the risks associated with prescription drugs. We propose guidelines for improving the utility of prescription drug advertising. PMID:19910354

Consumer oriented product noise testing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blomberg, Les

2005-09-01

This paper explores the need for product noise measurements and how best to meet that need in the near future. Currently there is only a small market place for quieter consumer products. This is not because of lack of interest. No one really wants to announce to everyone in their house that they just flushed the toilet, few really want the entire neighborhood to know they are mowing their yard, etc. The small market place is primarily due to a lack of regulations on product noise, a lack of information easily available to consumers about which products are quieter, and market consolidation resulting in fewer manufacturers, most of whom are unwilling to emphasize their quieter products at the risk of eroding sales of their noisier ones (that currently have greater market share). In the absence of the EPA fulfilling its statutory requirement to regulate and label product noise under the Noise Control Act of 1972, and with the unwillingness of most industries to voluntarily publish accurate product noise data, there is a significant role for ``Consumer Oriented Product Noise Testing.'' This paper explores the Noise Pollution Clearinghouse's ongoing and planned product noise testing, evaluating its advantages, disadvantages, and limitations.

78 FR 16843 - Commission Information Collection Activities; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-19

... Section 219 \\1\\ of the Federal Power Act, the Commission issued FERC Order No. 679 \\2\\, Promoting Transmission Investment Through Pricing Reform. In Order No. 679 FERC amended its regulations in 18 CFR 35.35... consumers by ensuring reliability and to reduce the cost of delivered power by reducing transmission...

76 FR 40196 - Semiannual Agenda of Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-07

... Reporting Agencies (AD40) The OCC, Board, FDIC, OTS, NCUA, and FTC (collectively referred to as the... Transactions Act of 2003 (FACT Act) that amended section 623 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). This... opening date to a consumer reporting agency to promote the integrity of the information. In addition, the...

77 FR 16674 - Establishment of the Wisconsin Ledge Viticultural Area

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-22

... allow vintners to better describe the origin of their wines and to allow consumers to better identify wines they may purchase. DATES: Effective Date: April 23, 2012. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Karen A.... 205(e), authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to prescribe regulations for the labeling of wine...

12 CFR 222.22 - Scope and duration of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... SYSTEM FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 222.22 Scope and duration of opt-out... election to opt out prohibits any affiliate covered by the opt-out notice from using eligibility information received from another affiliate as described in the notice to make solicitations to the consumer...

12 CFR 222.22 - Scope and duration of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... SYSTEM FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 222.22 Scope and duration of opt-out... election to opt out prohibits any affiliate covered by the opt-out notice from using eligibility information received from another affiliate as described in the notice to make solicitations to the consumer...

16 CFR 313.17 - Relation to State laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Relation to State laws. 313.17 Section 313.17 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION REGULATIONS UNDER SPECIFIC ACTS OF CONGRESS PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Relation to Other Laws; Effective Date § 313.17 Relation to State...

76 FR 41602 - Fair Credit Reporting Risk-Based Pricing Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-15

... on and disclose the key factors provided with the scores purchased from consumer reporting agencies... making the credit decision, the creditor must disclose that score and certain information relating to the... following disclosures: (1) the credit score \\4\\ used by the person in making the credit decision; (2) the...

16 CFR 1102.28 - Publication of reports of harm.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... REGULATIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE Procedural Requirements § 1102.28... publish reports of harm that meet the requirements for publication in the Database. The Commission will... Commission may publish a report of harm that meets the requirements of § 1102.10(d) in the Database beyond...

16 CFR 1102.28 - Publication of reports of harm.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... REGULATIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE Procedural Requirements § 1102.28... publish reports of harm that meet the requirements for publication in the Database. The Commission will... Commission may publish a report of harm that meets the requirements of § 1102.10(d) in the Database beyond...

16 CFR 1102.28 - Publication of reports of harm.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... REGULATIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE (Eff. Jan. 10, 2011) Procedural..., the Commission will publish reports of harm that meet the requirements for publication in the Database...(d) in the Database beyond the 10-business-day time frame set forth in paragraph (a) of this section...

75 FR 37432 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-29

... Approval; Comment Request; National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish... Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings (Renewal). ICR Numbers: EPA ICR Number 1765.06, OMB Control... consumer and commercial products and a schedule for their regulation (60 FR 15264). Automobile refinish...

12 CFR 716.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Revised privacy notices. 716.8 Section 716.8 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 716.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General...

12 CFR 216.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Revised privacy notices. 216.8 Section 216.8 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 216.8 Revised privacy notices...

16 CFR 313.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Revised privacy notices. 313.8 Section 313.8 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION REGULATIONS UNDER SPECIFIC ACTS OF CONGRESS PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 313.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except...

12 CFR 216.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Revised privacy notices. 216.8 Section 216.8 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 216.8 Revised privacy notices...

16 CFR 313.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Revised privacy notices. 313.8 Section 313.8 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION REGULATIONS UNDER SPECIFIC ACTS OF CONGRESS PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 313.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except...

12 CFR 216.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Revised privacy notices. 216.8 Section 216.8 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 216.8 Revised privacy notices...

12 CFR 716.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Revised privacy notices. 716.8 Section 716.8 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 716.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General...

16 CFR 313.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Revised privacy notices. 313.8 Section 313.8 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION REGULATIONS UNDER SPECIFIC ACTS OF CONGRESS PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 313.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except...

16 CFR 313.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Revised privacy notices. 313.8 Section 313.8 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION REGULATIONS UNDER SPECIFIC ACTS OF CONGRESS PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 313.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except...

12 CFR 716.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Revised privacy notices. 716.8 Section 716.8 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 716.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General...

12 CFR 216.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Revised privacy notices. 216.8 Section 216.8 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 216.8 Revised privacy notices...

12 CFR 716.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Revised privacy notices. 716.8 Section 716.8 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 716.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General...

12 CFR 216.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Revised privacy notices. 216.8 Section 216.8 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 216.8 Revised privacy notices...

16 CFR 313.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Revised privacy notices. 313.8 Section 313.8 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION REGULATIONS UNDER SPECIFIC ACTS OF CONGRESS PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 313.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except...

24 CFR 3282.404 - Manufacturers' determinations and related concurrences.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... REGULATIONS Consumer Complaint Handling and Remedial Actions § 3282.404 Manufacturers' determinations and... manufacturer must review the information, the known facts, and the circumstances relating to the complaint or..., complaints that can be traced to the same faulty design or faulty construction, problems known to exist in...

75 FR 51119 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-18

... marketing solicitations based on the communication of certain consumer financial information from a Covered... his or her right to prohibit such marketing. The regulation potentially applies to all of the... would require an average one-time burden of 1 hour to review affiliate marketing practices, for a total...

The Truth behind Higher Education Disclosure Laws

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carey, Kevin; Kelly, Andrew P.

2011-01-01

Recognizing that higher education is a market driven by consumer choice and reluctant to regulate college behavior directly, state and federal policymakers have created a host of college information disclosure and reporting requirements. Armed with better data, the theory goes, students and parents will vote with their wallets, putting pressure on…

12 CFR 222.28 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... prospective application. 222.28 Section 222.28 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 222.28... using eligibility information that you receive from an affiliate to make solicitations to a consumer if...

16 CFR 1406.1 - Scope, purpose, and effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... REGULATIONS COAL AND WOOD BURNING APPLIANCES-NOTIFICATION OF PERFORMANCE AND TECHNICAL DATA § 1406.1 Scope... coal and wood burning appliances, as defined in § 1406.3(a), to provide consumers with a specified... information provided with coal and wood burning appliances. This rule does not replace any voluntary standards...

16 CFR 1406.1 - Scope, purpose, and effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... REGULATIONS COAL AND WOOD BURNING APPLIANCES-NOTIFICATION OF PERFORMANCE AND TECHNICAL DATA § 1406.1 Scope... coal and wood burning appliances, as defined in § 1406.3(a), to provide consumers with a specified... information provided with coal and wood burning appliances. This rule does not replace any voluntary standards...

75 FR 49379 - Correction to Internal Citation of “Extremely Flammable Solid” and “Flammable Solid”

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-13

... Flammable Solid'' and ``Flammable Solid'' AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety Commission. ACTION: Final rule... to correct internal citations to the definitions of ``extremely flammable solid'' and ``flammable solid'' in our regulations. DATES: This rule is effective on August 13, 2010. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION...

40 CFR 141.205 - Content of the public notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... speaking consumers, the public water system must include in the public notice the same information as in... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Content of the public notice. 141.205... (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Public Notification of Drinking Water Violations...

40 CFR 141.205 - Content of the public notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... speaking consumers, the public water system must include in the public notice the same information as in... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Content of the public notice. 141.205... (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Public Notification of Drinking Water Violations...

75 FR 61490 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; National Consumer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-05

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2010-N-0502... on Understanding the Risks and Benefits of FDA-Regulated Medical Products AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing an opportunity...

16 CFR 1406.1 - Scope, purpose, and effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... REGULATIONS COAL AND WOOD BURNING APPLIANCES-NOTIFICATION OF PERFORMANCE AND TECHNICAL DATA § 1406.1 Scope... coal and wood burning appliances, as defined in § 1406.3(a), to provide consumers with a specified... information provided with coal and wood burning appliances. This rule does not replace any voluntary standards...

16 CFR 1406.1 - Scope, purpose, and effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... REGULATIONS COAL AND WOOD BURNING APPLIANCES-NOTIFICATION OF PERFORMANCE AND TECHNICAL DATA § 1406.1 Scope... coal and wood burning appliances, as defined in § 1406.3(a), to provide consumers with a specified... information provided with coal and wood burning appliances. This rule does not replace any voluntary standards...

7 CFR 1212.71 - Books and records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Books and records. 1212.71 Section 1212.71..., Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Reports, Books, and Records § 1212.71 Books... maintain any books and records necessary to carry out the provisions of this part, and any regulations...

7 CFR 1212.71 - Books and records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Books and records. 1212.71 Section 1212.71..., Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Reports, Books, and Records § 1212.71 Books... maintain any books and records necessary to carry out the provisions of this part, and any regulations...

7 CFR 1212.71 - Books and records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Books and records. 1212.71 Section 1212.71..., Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Reports, Books, and Records § 1212.71 Books... maintain any books and records necessary to carry out the provisions of this part, and any regulations...

7 CFR 1212.71 - Books and records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Books and records. 1212.71 Section 1212.71..., Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Reports, Books, and Records § 1212.71 Books... maintain any books and records necessary to carry out the provisions of this part, and any regulations...

7 CFR 1212.71 - Books and records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Books and records. 1212.71 Section 1212.71..., Promotion, Consumer Education, and Industry Information Order Reports, Books, and Records § 1212.71 Books... maintain any books and records necessary to carry out the provisions of this part, and any regulations...

The FDA role in contact lens development and safety.

PubMed

Lippman, R E

1990-01-01

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) exercises a multifaceted role in fulfilling its mission of enforcing the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (Act), functioning not only as industry regulator and consumer protector, but also as scientific advisor and consumer educator regarding medical devices, drugs, foods, cosmetics, and veterinary medicine. Medical devices are regulated within the Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Contact lenses are regulated under the authority of the medical device amendments. The Center is responsible for promulgating regulations, publishing guidelines, and developing written guidance in enforcing the Act, and also for guiding manufacturers of medical devices in safe and effective product development. Other components deal with the compliance of manufacturers with the marketing of medical devices within the meaning of the Act, and through labeling requirements of the Act and consumer education and informational activities. As for contact lenses, the process of updating product development regulations and guidelines is an ongoing activity. The most recent version of the Contact Lens Guideline Document, issued in April 1988, contains two major revisions involving preclinical and clinical testing. The first redefines plastics into one materials category, thus reducing testing requirements with respect to animal toxicology studies and other preclinical areas. The second revision restricts clinical testing requirements to allow confirmatory trials in applications for new daily wear lenses. The intention was to maintain the ability of studies to detect major material or design flaws in lenses, thus boosting confidence in their performance while eliminating unnecessary trials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Attitudes About Regulation Among Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Customers

PubMed Central

Green, Robert C.; Kaufman, David

2013-01-01

Introduction: The first regulatory rulings by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing services are expected soon. As the process of regulating these and other genetic tests moves ahead, it is important to understand the preferences of DTC genetic testing customers about the regulation of these products. Methods: An online survey of customers of three DTC genetic testing companies was conducted 2–8 months after they had received their results. Participants were asked about the importance of regulating the companies selling DTC genetic tests. Results: Most of the 1,046 respondents responded that it would be important to have a nongovernmental (84%) or governmental agency (73%) monitor DTC companies' claims to ensure the consistency with scientific evidence. However, 66% also felt that it was important that DTC tests be available without governmental oversight. Nearly, all customers favored a policy to ensure that insurers and law enforcement officials could not access their information. Discussion: Although many DTC customers want access to genetic testing services without restrictions imposed by the government regulation, most also favor an organization operating alongside DTC companies that will ensure that the claims made by the companies are consistent with sound scientific evidence. This seeming contradiction may indicate that DTC customers want to ensure that they have unfettered access to high-quality information. Additionally, policies to help ensure privacy of data would be welcomed by customers, despite relatively high confidence in the companies. PMID:23560882

Attitudes about regulation among direct-to-consumer genetic testing customers.

PubMed

Bollinger, Juli Murphy; Green, Robert C; Kaufman, David

2013-05-01

The first regulatory rulings by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing services are expected soon. As the process of regulating these and other genetic tests moves ahead, it is important to understand the preferences of DTC genetic testing customers about the regulation of these products. An online survey of customers of three DTC genetic testing companies was conducted 2-8 months after they had received their results. Participants were asked about the importance of regulating the companies selling DTC genetic tests. Most of the 1,046 respondents responded that it would be important to have a nongovernmental (84%) or governmental agency (73%) monitor DTC companies' claims to ensure the consistency with scientific evidence. However, 66% also felt that it was important that DTC tests be available without governmental oversight. Nearly, all customers favored a policy to ensure that insurers and law enforcement officials could not access their information. Although many DTC customers want access to genetic testing services without restrictions imposed by the government regulation, most also favor an organization operating alongside DTC companies that will ensure that the claims made by the companies are consistent with sound scientific evidence. This seeming contradiction may indicate that DTC customers want to ensure that they have unfettered access to high-quality information. Additionally, policies to help ensure privacy of data would be welcomed by customers, despite relatively high confidence in the companies.

Essays on Industry Response to Energy and Environmental Policy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sweeney, Richard Leonard

This dissertation consists of three essays on the relationship between firm incentives and energy and environmental policy outcomes. Chapters 1 and 2 study the impact of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments on the United States oil refining industry. This legislation imposed extensive restrictions on refined petroleum product markets, requiring select end users to purchase new cleaner versions of gasoline and diesel. In Chapter 2, I estimate the static impact of this intervention on refining costs, product prices and consumer welfare. Isolating these effects is complicated by several challenges likely to appear in other regulatory settings, including overlap between regulated and non-regulated markets and deviations from perfect competition. Using a rich database of refinery operations, I estimate a structural model that incorporates each of these dimensions, and then use this cost structure to simulate policy counterfactuals. I find that the policies increased gasoline production costs by 7 cents per gallon and diesel costs by 3 cents per gallon on average, although these costs varied considerably across refineries. As a result of these restrictions, consumers in regulated markets experienced welfare losses on the order of 3.7 billion per year, but this welfare loss was partially offset by gains of 1.5 billion dollars per year among consumers in markets not subject to regulation. The results highlight the importance of accounting for imperfect competition and market spillovers when assessing the cost of environmental regulation. Chapter 2 estimates the sunk costs incurred by United States oil refineries as a result of the low sulfur diesel program. The complex, regionally integrated nature of the industry poses many challenges for estimating these costs. I overcome them by placing the decision to invest in sulfur removal technology within the framework of a two period model and estimate the model using moment inequalities. I find that the regulation induced between 2.8 and 3.3 billion worth of investment in order to produce this new fuel. The results highlight the importance of accounting for sunk costs when evaluating environmental regulation, and suggest that the estimation approach used here might provide a viable way to estimate the sunk costs of other environmental policies. Chapter 3, coauthored with Hunt Allcott, turns the to retail market for water heaters to study the topic of energy efficiency. We run a natural field experiment at a large nationwide retailer to measure the effects of energy use information disclosure, customer rebates, and sales agent incentives on demand for energy efficient durable goods. We find that while a combination of large rebates plus sales incentives substantially increases market share, information and sales incentives alone each have zero statistical effect and explain at most a small fraction of the low baseline market share. Sales agents strategically comply only partially with the experiment, targeting information at more interested consumers but not discussing energy efficiency with the disinterested majority. These results suggest that at current prices in this context, seller-provided information is not a major barrier to energy efficiency investments. We theoretically and empirically explore the novel policy option of combining customer subsidies with government-provided sales incentives.

A wonderful life or diarrhea and dry mouth? Policy issues of direct-to-consumer drug advertising on television.

PubMed

Macias, Wendy; Pashupati, Kartik; Lewis, Liza Stavchansky

2007-01-01

Over $4 billion is being spent on direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs. Although the greatest proportion of this media budget is spent on television, relatively few studies have investigated the key issues of DTCA on television (DTCA-TV), including fair balance, FDA regulations and if information or appeals is focused on more. This study found that emotional and rational appeals were used to a similar degree in DTCA-TV. Print tends to be more informative than TV. After developing a four-tiered classification scheme (lawbreakers, bare minimums, DTC main pack/peloton and proactives), this study found that DTCA-TV ads are not doing a good job of meeting the FDA's fair balance requirement, particularly in presenting risk information in a comprehensible manner. Today's new active healthcare consumers often want to learn what issues are important to consider when investigating drugs and how to evaluate alternative courses of treatment. Given the proportion of money spent on television, the medical industry is correct to be concerned that education does not appear more important to DTCA advertisers.

The role of health-related claims and health-related symbols in consumer behaviour: Design and conceptual framework of the CLYMBOL project and initial results.

PubMed

Hieke, S; Kuljanic, N; Wills, J M; Pravst, I; Kaur, A; Raats, M M; van Trijp, H C M; Verbeke, W; Grunert, K G

2015-03-01

Health claims and symbols are potential aids to help consumers identify foods that are healthier options. However, little is known as to how health claims and symbols are used by consumers in real-world shopping situations, thus making the science-based formulation of new labelling policies and the evaluation of existing ones difficult. The objective of the European Union-funded project R ole of health-related   CLaims   and   sYMBOLs   in consumer behaviour (CLYMBOL) is to determine how health-related information provided through claims and symbols, in their context, can affect consumer understanding, purchase and consumption. To do this, a wide range of qualitative and quantitative consumer research methods are being used, including product sampling, sorting studies ( i.e. how consumers categorise claims and symbols according to concepts such as familiarity and relevance), cross-country surveys, eye-tracking ( i.e. what consumers look at and for how long), laboratory and in-store experiments, structured interviews, as well as analysis of population panel data. EU Member States differ with regard to their history of use and regulation of health claims and symbols prior to the harmonisation of 2006. Findings to date indicate the need for more structured and harmonised research on the effects of health claims and symbols on consumer behaviour, particularly taking into account country-wide differences and individual characteristics such as motivation and ability to process health-related information. Based on the studies within CLYMBOL, implications and recommendations for stakeholders such as policymakers will be provided.

The role of health-related claims and health-related symbols in consumer behaviour: Design and conceptual framework of the CLYMBOL project and initial results

PubMed Central

Hieke, S; Kuljanic, N; Wills, J M; Pravst, I; Kaur, A; Raats, M M; van Trijp, H C M; Verbeke, W; Grunert, K G

2015-01-01

Health claims and symbols are potential aids to help consumers identify foods that are healthier options. However, little is known as to how health claims and symbols are used by consumers in real-world shopping situations, thus making the science-based formulation of new labelling policies and the evaluation of existing ones difficult. The objective of the European Union-funded project Role of health-related CLaims and sYMBOLs in consumer behaviour (CLYMBOL) is to determine how health-related information provided through claims and symbols, in their context, can affect consumer understanding, purchase and consumption. To do this, a wide range of qualitative and quantitative consumer research methods are being used, including product sampling, sorting studies (i.e. how consumers categorise claims and symbols according to concepts such as familiarity and relevance), cross-country surveys, eye-tracking (i.e. what consumers look at and for how long), laboratory and in-store experiments, structured interviews, as well as analysis of population panel data. EU Member States differ with regard to their history of use and regulation of health claims and symbols prior to the harmonisation of 2006. Findings to date indicate the need for more structured and harmonised research on the effects of health claims and symbols on consumer behaviour, particularly taking into account country-wide differences and individual characteristics such as motivation and ability to process health-related information. Based on the studies within CLYMBOL, implications and recommendations for stakeholders such as policymakers will be provided. PMID:25750587

Symposium on understanding and influencing consumer food behaviours for health: executive summary report.

PubMed

Amarra, Ma Sofia V; Yee, Yeong Boon; Drewnowski, Adam

2008-01-01

Food consumption patterns in Asia are rapidly changing. Urbanization and changing lifestyles have diminished the consumption of traditional meals based on cereals, vegetables and root crops. These changes are accompa-nied by an increasing prevalence of chronic diseases among Asian populations. ILSI Southeast Asia and CSIRO, Australia jointly organized the Symposium on Understanding and Influencing Food Behaviours for Health, focusing on the use of consumer science to improve food behaviour. The goals of the Symposium were to present an understanding of Asian consumers and their food choices, examine the use of consumer research to modify food choices towards better health, illustrate how health programs and food regulations can be utilized effectively to promote healthier choices, and identify knowledge gaps regarding the promotion of healthy food behaviour in Asian populations. There is no difference in taste perception among Asians, and Asian preference for certain tastes is determined by exposure and familiarity largely dictated by culture and its underlying values and beliefs. Cross-cultural validity of consumer science theories and tools derived from western populations need to be tested in Asia. Information on consumption levels and substitution behaviours for foods and food products, obtained using consumer research methods, can guide the development of food regulations and programs that will enable individuals to make healthier choices. Existing knowledge gaps include consumer research techniques appropriate for use in Asian settings, diet-health relationships from consumption of traditional Asian diets, and methods to address the increasing prevalence of over- and undernutrition within the same households in Asia.

What is included with your online e-cigarette order? An analysis of e-cigarette shipping, product and packaging features.

PubMed

Kong, Amanda Y; Derrick, Jason C; Abrantes, Anthony S; Williams, Rebecca S

2016-06-29

The electronic cigarette industry is growing, with youth using e-cigarettes at higher rates than they are using cigarettes, and retail and online sales projected to reach $10 billion in 2017. Minimal regulation of the production and marketing of e-cigarettes exists to date, which has allowed companies to promote unsupported claims. We assessed the shipping, product features and packaging of a wide variety of e-cigarettes purchased online by adults and youth. The most popular internet e-cigarette vendors were identified from a larger study of internet tobacco vendors. Between August 2013 and June 2014, adults made 56 purchase attempts from online vendors, and youth made 98 attempts. Packages received were assessed for exterior and internal packaging features, including product information, health warnings and additional materials. We analysed a total of 125 orders featuring 86 unique brands of e-cigarettes. The contents were rarely indicated on package exteriors. Product information came with just 60% of orders and just 38.4% included an instruction manual. Only 44.6% of products included a health warning, and some had unsupported claims, such as lack of secondhand smoke exposure. Additionally, some products were leaking e-liquid and battery fluid on arrival. A large variety of e-cigarette products are manufactured and marketed to consumers. Many products do not include instructions for use, and unsupported claims are being presented to consumers. Effective federal regulation of the manufacturing, packaging, product information and health claims surrounding e-cigarettes is necessary to ensure consumers are presented with accurate e-cigarette use information. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

What is included with your online e-cigarette order? An analysis of e-cigarette shipping, product and packaging features

PubMed Central

Kong, Amanda Y; Derrick, Jason C; Abrantes, Anthony S

2016-01-01

Background The electronic cigarette industry is growing, with youth using e-cigarettes at higher rates than they are using cigarettes, and retail and online sales projected to reach $10 billion in 2017. Minimal regulation of the production and marketing of e-cigarettes exists to date, which has allowed companies to promote unsupported claims. We assessed the shipping, product features and packaging of a wide variety of e-cigarettes purchased online by adults and youth. Methods The most popular internet e-cigarette vendors were identified from a larger study of internet tobacco vendors. Between August 2013 and June 2014, adults made 56 purchase attempts from online vendors, and youth made 98 attempts. Packages received were assessed for exterior and internal packaging features, including product information, health warnings and additional materials. Results We analysed a total of 125 orders featuring 86 unique brands of e-cigarettes. The contents were rarely indicated on package exteriors. Product information came with just 60% of orders and just 38.4% included an instruction manual. Only 44.6% of products included a health warning, and some had unsupported claims, such as lack of secondhand smoke exposure. Additionally, some products were leaking e-liquid and battery fluid on arrival. Conclusions A large variety of e-cigarette products are manufactured and marketed to consumers. Many products do not include instructions for use, and unsupported claims are being presented to consumers. Effective federal regulation of the manufacturing, packaging, product information and health claims surrounding e-cigarettes is necessary to ensure consumers are presented with accurate e-cigarette use information. PMID:27357936

Are regulations more consumer-friendly when boards of nursing are the sole regulators of nurse practitioners?

PubMed

Rudner Lugo, Nancy; O'Grady, Eileen T; Hodnicki, Donna; Hanson, Charlene

2010-01-01

The widely varied regulations in the 50 states often limit consumer access to nurse practitioners (NPs). In 22 states, the Board of Nursing (BON) must share NP regulatory authority with another profession, usually physicians. This study examines the relationship between the BON as the sole authority regulating NPs or sharing that authority with another profession and the NP regulatory environment. Independent t tests compared the NP regulatory environments for consumer access and choice in states with sole BON regulation with those in states with involvement of another profession. The states' NP regulatory environments were quantified with an 11-measure tool assessing domains of consumer access to NPs, NP patients' access to service, and NP patients' access to prescription medications. BON-regulated states were less restrictive (P < .01, effect size 1.02) and supported NP professional autonomy. Entry into practice regulations did not differ in the two groups of states. Having another profession involved in regulation correlates with more restrictions on consumer access to NPs and more restrictions to the full deployment of NPs. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription medication in New Zealand.

PubMed

Every-Palmer, Susanna; Duggal, Rishi; Menkes, David B

2014-08-29

The last decade has seen increasing measures aimed at regulating the influence of 'Big Pharma' following a number of scandals relating to unethical marketing. Despite these international trends, New Zealand continues to tolerate direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription medication, a controversial pharmaceutical marketing strategy that has been prohibited in all but two countries in the industrialised world. While the pharmaceutical industry asserts that DTCA is informational and empowers consumers, in this viewpoint article we argue that DTCA is a heavily biased source of health information that favours representation of benefits over harms, and is associated with unnecessary prescribing, iatrogenic harm and increased costs to the taxpayer. In this paper, we show that DTCA provides unbalanced information to consumers who may misconstrue DTCA as public health messages, and fail to recognise inherent commercial bias. We describe how DTCA has been linked with inappropriate prescribing and overtreatment, with evidence indicating that patients request and receive specific medications in response to DTCA, even when treatment is not clinically indicated. This exposes patients to unnecessary adverse effects and iatrogenic harm, and increases costs for the health-care sector through the prescription of expensive branded medication. We use local examples to illustrate these points. New Zealand remains an outlier in allowing DTCA to continue which, in our view, is a controversial and harmful practice. The available evidence suggests that consumers and health care professionals are generally opposed to DTCA. Therefore, we believe that the New Zealand government should review its stance on DTCA.

Amendments to Summary Plan Description regulations. Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration, Labor. Final rule.

PubMed

2000-11-21

This document contains a final rule amending the regulations governing the content of the Summary Plan Description (SPD) required to be furnished to employee benefit plan participants and beneficiaries under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA). These amendments implement information disclosure recommendations of the President's Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry, as set forth in their November 20, 1997, report, "Consumer Bill of Rights and Responsibilities." Specifically, the amendments clarify benefit, medical provider, and other information required to be disclosed in, or as part of, the SPD of a group health plan and repeal the limited exemption with respect to SPDs of welfare plans providing benefits through qualified health maintenance organizations (HMOs). In addition, this document contains several amendments updating and clarifying provisions relating to the content of SPDs that affect both pension and welfare benefit plans. This document also adopts in final form certain regulations that were effective on an interim basis implementing amendments to ERISA enacted as part of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). This final rule will affect employee pension and welfare benefit plans, including group health plans, as well as administrators, fiduciaries, participants and beneficiaries of such plans.

The effect of traffic lights and regulatory statements on the choice between complementary and conventional medicines in Australia: results from a discrete choice experiment.

PubMed

Spinks, Jean; Mortimer, Duncan

2015-01-01

It has been suggested that complementary medicines are currently 'under-regulated' in some countries due to their potential for harm as a direct result from side-effects or interactions; from delaying more effective care; or from the economic cost of purchasing an ineffective or inappropriate treatment. The requirement of additional labelling on complementary medicine products has been suggested in Australia and may provide additional information to consumers at the point of purchase. This paper details a unique way of testing the potential effects on consumer behaviour of including either a traffic light logo or regulatory statement on labels. Using a discrete choice experiment, data were collected in 2012 in a sample of 521 Australians with either type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. We find that additional labelling can affect consumer behaviour, but in unpredictable ways. The results of this experiment are informative to further the dialogue concerning possible regulatory mechanisms. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Nudging Leads Consumers In Colorado To Shop But Not Switch ACA Marketplace Plans.

PubMed

Marzilli Ericson, Keith M; Kingsdale, Jon; Layton, Tim; Sacarny, Adam

2017-02-01

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) dramatically expanded the use of regulated marketplaces in health insurance, but consumers often fail to shop for plans during open enrollment periods. Typically these consumers are automatically reenrolled in their old plans, which potentially exposes them to unexpected increases in their insurance premiums and cost sharing. We conducted a randomized intervention to encourage enrollees in an ACA Marketplace to shop for plans. We tested the effect of letters and e-mails with personalized information about the savings on insurance premiums that they could realize from switching plans and the effect of generic communications that simply emphasized the possibility of saving. The personalized and generic messages both increased shopping on the Marketplace's website by 23 percent, but neither type of message had a significant effect on plan switching. These findings show that simple "nudges" with even generic information can promote shopping in health insurance marketplaces, but whether they can lead to switching remains an open question. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

40 CFR 141.151 - Purpose and applicability of this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Consumer Confidence Reports § 141... above the levels prescribed by § 141.25(c) for radioactive contaminants. (e) A State that has primary... public information and education as would be achieved under this subpart. (f) For purpose of §§ 141.154...

40 CFR 141.151 - Purpose and applicability of this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Consumer Confidence Reports § 141... above the levels prescribed by § 141.25(c) for radioactive contaminants. (e) A State that has primary... public information and education as would be achieved under this subpart. (f) For purpose of §§ 141.154...

40 CFR 141.151 - Purpose and applicability of this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Consumer Confidence Reports § 141... above the levels prescribed by § 141.25(c) for radioactive contaminants. (e) A State that has primary... public information and education as would be achieved under this subpart. (f) For purpose of §§ 141.154...

40 CFR 141.151 - Purpose and applicability of this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Consumer Confidence Reports § 141... above the levels prescribed by § 141.25(c) for radioactive contaminants. (e) A State that has primary... public information and education as would be achieved under this subpart. (f) For purpose of §§ 141.154...

12 CFR 216.16 - Protection of Fair Credit Reporting Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Protection of Fair Credit Reporting Act. 216.16... PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Relation to Other Laws; Effective Date § 216.16 Protection of Fair Credit Reporting Act. Nothing in this part shall be construed to modify, limit, or...

18 CFR 356.2 - General instructions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... all books of account and other records prepared by or on behalf of the oil pipeline companies. (2) The... significant information not shown on the originals. (5) Records other than those listed in the schedule may be... public interest, investors, or consumers. A waiver from any provision of these regulations may be made by...

12 CFR 332.13 - Exception to opt out requirements for service providers and joint marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... this section may include marketing of your own products or services or marketing of financial products... providers and joint marketing. 332.13 Section 332.13 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Exceptions § 332.13...

12 CFR 216.5 - Annual privacy notice to customers required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Annual privacy notice to customers required. 216.5 Section 216.5 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 216.5...

12 CFR 216.5 - Annual privacy notice to customers required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Annual privacy notice to customers required. 216.5 Section 216.5 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 216.5...

12 CFR 216.9 - Delivering privacy and opt out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Delivering privacy and opt out notices. 216.9 Section 216.9 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 216.9 Delivering...

12 CFR 216.9 - Delivering privacy and opt out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Delivering privacy and opt out notices. 216.9 Section 216.9 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 216.9 Delivering...

12 CFR 216.9 - Delivering privacy and opt out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Delivering privacy and opt out notices. 216.9 Section 216.9 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 216.9 Delivering...

78 FR 64470 - Availability of FSIS Compliance Guide for a Systematic Approach to the Humane Handling of Livestock

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-29

... benefits for producers, processors, and consumers which tend to expedite an orderly flow of livestock and... implement handling practices that minimize distress and injury to livestock; (3) Periodically evaluate... to export information to regulations, directives, and notices. Customers can add or delete...

Insurance Curriculum Guide for High School Consumer Education and Various Other Courses.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mason, Kathy

The Insurance Department and the Department of Education of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania collaborated on the insurance guide intending to present basic information about the insurance industry and its regulations in Pennsylvania. Presented in a format appropriate to existing curriculum needs and students' skills at the secondary level, the…

75 FR 67616 - Yamhill-Carlton Viticultural Area (2008R-305P)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-03

... viticultural areas to allow vintners to better describe the origin of their wines and to allow consumers to better identify wines they may purchase. DATES: Effective Date: December 3, 2010. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION.... 205(e), authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to prescribe regulations for the labeling of wine...

12 CFR 216.17 - Relation to State laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Relation to State laws. 216.17 Section 216.17... CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Relation to Other Laws; Effective Date § 216.17 Relation to State laws. (a) In general. This part shall not be construed as superseding, altering, or affecting any...

12 CFR 222.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 222.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and... based on eligibility information you receive from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out... period of at least five years as provided in § 222.22(b) of this part. (3) Affiliates who may provide the...

12 CFR 222.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (CONTINUED) FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 222.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal... solicitations based on eligibility information you receive from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted... for a period of at least five years as provided in § 222.22(b) of this part. (3) Affiliates who may...

12 CFR 222.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (CONTINUED) FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 222.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal... solicitations based on eligibility information you receive from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted... for a period of at least five years as provided in § 222.22(b) of this part. (3) Affiliates who may...

12 CFR 222.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 222.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and... based on eligibility information you receive from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out... period of at least five years as provided in § 222.22(b) of this part. (3) Affiliates who may provide the...

16 CFR § 1102.28 - Publication of reports of harm.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... REGULATIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE Procedural Requirements § 1102.28... publish reports of harm that meet the requirements for publication in the Database. The Commission will... Commission may publish a report of harm that meets the requirements of § 1102.10(d) in the Database beyond...

12 CFR 216.2 - Model privacy form and examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Model privacy form and examples. 216.2 Section... PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) § 216.2 Model privacy form and examples. (a) Model privacy form. Use of the model privacy form in appendix A of this part, consistent with the...

12 CFR 216.2 - Model privacy form and examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Model privacy form and examples. 216.2 Section... PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) § 216.2 Model privacy form and examples. (a) Model privacy form. Use of the model privacy form in appendix A of this part, consistent with the...

12 CFR 216.5 - Annual privacy notice to customers required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Annual privacy notice to customers required... SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 216.5 Annual privacy notice to customers required. (a)(1) General rule. You must provide a clear and...

12 CFR 216.2 - Model privacy form and examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Model privacy form and examples. 216.2 Section... PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) § 216.2 Model privacy form and examples. (a) Model privacy form. Use of the model privacy form in appendix A of this part, consistent with the...

12 CFR 216.2 - Model privacy form and examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Model privacy form and examples. 216.2 Section... PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) § 216.2 Model privacy form and examples. (a) Model privacy form. Use of the model privacy form in appendix A of this part, consistent with the...

12 CFR 216.5 - Annual privacy notice to customers required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Annual privacy notice to customers required... SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 216.5 Annual privacy notice to customers required. (a)(1) General rule. You must provide a clear and...

12 CFR 216.2 - Model privacy form and examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Model privacy form and examples. 216.2 Section... PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) § 216.2 Model privacy form and examples. (a) Model privacy form. Use of the model privacy form in appendix A of this part, consistent with the...

77 FR 37233 - Consolidated Delegation of Authority for the Office of Housing-Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-20

... of the accounting and financial information and systems functions; (7) The authority to prepare and... regulation of government- sponsored enterprises (GSEs) under the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety... Development to a new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, all powers and duties vested in HUD to carry out...

16 CFR § 1406.1 - Scope, purpose, and effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... ACT REGULATIONS COAL AND WOOD BURNING APPLIANCES-NOTIFICATION OF PERFORMANCE AND TECHNICAL DATA § 1406... importers, of coal and wood burning appliances, as defined in § 1406.3(a), to provide consumers with a... associated with inadequate information provided with coal and wood burning appliances. This rule does not...

Development of a consumer product ingredient database for chemical exposure screening and prioritization.

PubMed

Goldsmith, M-R; Grulke, C M; Brooks, R D; Transue, T R; Tan, Y M; Frame, A; Egeghy, P P; Edwards, R; Chang, D T; Tornero-Velez, R; Isaacs, K; Wang, A; Johnson, J; Holm, K; Reich, M; Mitchell, J; Vallero, D A; Phillips, L; Phillips, M; Wambaugh, J F; Judson, R S; Buckley, T J; Dary, C C

2014-03-01

Consumer products are a primary source of chemical exposures, yet little structured information is available on the chemical ingredients of these products and the concentrations at which ingredients are present. To address this data gap, we created a database of chemicals in consumer products using product Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) publicly provided by a large retailer. The resulting database represents 1797 unique chemicals mapped to 8921 consumer products and a hierarchy of 353 consumer product "use categories" within a total of 15 top-level categories. We examine the utility of this database and discuss ways in which it will support (i) exposure screening and prioritization, (ii) generic or framework formulations for several indoor/consumer product exposure modeling initiatives, (iii) candidate chemical selection for monitoring near field exposure from proximal sources, and (iv) as activity tracers or ubiquitous exposure sources using "chemical space" map analyses. Chemicals present at high concentrations and across multiple consumer products and use categories that hold high exposure potential are identified. Our database is publicly available to serve regulators, retailers, manufacturers, and the public for predictive screening of chemicals in new and existing consumer products on the basis of exposure and risk. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

What factors predict the passage of state-level e-cigarette regulations?

PubMed

Maclean, Johanna Catherine; Oney, Melissa; Marti, Joachim; Sindelar, Jody

2018-05-01

E-cigarettes are controversial products. They may help addicted smokers to consume nicotine in a less harmful manner or to quit tobacco cigarettes entirely, but these products may also entice youth into smoking. This controversy complicates e-cigarette regulation as any regulation may lead to health improvements for some populations, and health declines for other populations. Using data from 2007 to 2016, we examine factors that are plausibly linked with U.S. state e-cigarette regulations. We find that less conservative states are more likely to regulate e-cigarettes and that states with stronger tobacco lobbies are less likely to regulate e-cigarettes. This information can help policymakers as they determine how best to promote public health through regulation. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.