49 CFR 571.403 - Standard No. 403; Platform lift systems for motor vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... relative to the platform surface. After removal of the load, the handrail must exhibit no permanent... 49 Transportation 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Standard No. 403; Platform lift systems for motor... STANDARDS Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards § 571.403 Standard No. 403; Platform lift systems for motor...

Positioning Mechanism For Hoisting

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marlin, John D., III; Moore, Barry J.; Myers, Robert I.

1992-01-01

Mechanism positions large, heavy objects in container for lifting out by hoist, crane, or winch. Handles objects gently and ensures they are lifted cleanly away in vertical direction without bumping container. Developed for lifting offset pieces of solid-propellant core out of rocket motor through its propellant port. Similar specialized mechanisms can be developed to lift other specially shaped, specially contained heavy objects. Track in base of mechanism guides each trunnion and piece to which attached to middle as hydraulic rods extend. When mechanism lifted, tilted pieces swing inward and come to rest on energy-absorbing paddle.

Normalized lift: an energy interpretation of the lift coefficient simplifies comparisons of the lifting ability of rotating and flapping surfaces.

PubMed

Burgers, Phillip; Alexander, David E

2012-01-01

For a century, researchers have used the standard lift coefficient C(L) to evaluate the lift, L, generated by fixed wings over an area S against dynamic pressure, ½ρv(2), where v is the effective velocity of the wing. Because the lift coefficient was developed initially for fixed wings in steady flow, its application to other lifting systems requires either simplifying assumptions or complex adjustments as is the case for flapping wings and rotating cylinders.This paper interprets the standard lift coefficient of a fixed wing slightly differently, as the work exerted by the wing on the surrounding flow field (L/ρ·S), compared against the total kinetic energy required for generating said lift, ½v(2). This reinterpreted coefficient, the normalized lift, is derived from the work-energy theorem and compares the lifting capabilities of dissimilar lift systems on a similar energy footing. The normalized lift is the same as the standard lift coefficient for fixed wings, but differs for wings with more complex motions; it also accounts for such complex motions explicitly and without complex modifications or adjustments. We compare the normalized lift with the previously-reported values of lift coefficient for a rotating cylinder in Magnus effect, a bat during hovering and forward flight, and a hovering dipteran.The maximum standard lift coefficient for a fixed wing without flaps in steady flow is around 1.5, yet for a rotating cylinder it may exceed 9.0, a value that implies that a rotating cylinder generates nearly 6 times the maximum lift of a wing. The maximum normalized lift for a rotating cylinder is 1.5. We suggest that the normalized lift can be used to evaluate propellers, rotors, flapping wings of animals and micro air vehicles, and underwater thrust-generating fins in the same way the lift coefficient is currently used to evaluate fixed wings.

Normalized Lift: An Energy Interpretation of the Lift Coefficient Simplifies Comparisons of the Lifting Ability of Rotating and Flapping Surfaces

PubMed Central

Burgers, Phillip; Alexander, David E.

2012-01-01

For a century, researchers have used the standard lift coefficient CL to evaluate the lift, L, generated by fixed wings over an area S against dynamic pressure, ½ρv 2, where v is the effective velocity of the wing. Because the lift coefficient was developed initially for fixed wings in steady flow, its application to other lifting systems requires either simplifying assumptions or complex adjustments as is the case for flapping wings and rotating cylinders. This paper interprets the standard lift coefficient of a fixed wing slightly differently, as the work exerted by the wing on the surrounding flow field (L/ρ·S), compared against the total kinetic energy required for generating said lift, ½v2. This reinterpreted coefficient, the normalized lift, is derived from the work-energy theorem and compares the lifting capabilities of dissimilar lift systems on a similar energy footing. The normalized lift is the same as the standard lift coefficient for fixed wings, but differs for wings with more complex motions; it also accounts for such complex motions explicitly and without complex modifications or adjustments. We compare the normalized lift with the previously-reported values of lift coefficient for a rotating cylinder in Magnus effect, a bat during hovering and forward flight, and a hovering dipteran. The maximum standard lift coefficient for a fixed wing without flaps in steady flow is around 1.5, yet for a rotating cylinder it may exceed 9.0, a value that implies that a rotating cylinder generates nearly 6 times the maximum lift of a wing. The maximum normalized lift for a rotating cylinder is 1.5. We suggest that the normalized lift can be used to evaluate propellers, rotors, flapping wings of animals and micro air vehicles, and underwater thrust-generating fins in the same way the lift coefficient is currently used to evaluate fixed wings. PMID:22629326

49 CFR 178.1050 - Top lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... designed to be lifted from the top, there may be no damage to the Flexible Bulk Container or its lifting devices that renders the Flexible Bulk Container unsafe for transport, and no loss of contents. ... permissible gross mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test method. (1) A Flexible Bulk Container must...

49 CFR 178.1050 - Top lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... designed to be lifted from the top, there may be no damage to the Flexible Bulk Container or its lifting devices that renders the Flexible Bulk Container unsafe for transport, and no loss of contents. ... permissible gross mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test method. (1) A Flexible Bulk Container must...

Stormwater Characterization and Lagoon Sediment Analysis, Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-08-01

tetrachloroethylene, and 0.0026 mg/l ethyl benzene. Analyses showed no pesticides . 4. Extraction Procedure (EP) Analysis. An AFOEHL contractor performed EP extraction ...runoff met North Dakota state stream standards. Lagoon sediment did not contain Extraction Procedure hazardous chemicals. Stormwater runoff exceeded...Standards for Water Quality for the State of North Dakota ( Extracts ) 39 D Site/Analysis Summary 69 E Lift Station Flow Records 73 F Wastewater

78 FR 14015 - Medical Devices; Exemption From Premarket Notification; Class II Devices; Powered Patient Transport

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-04

... for Safety--Collateral Standard: Electromagnetic Compatibility--Requirements and Tests,'' and ASME A18.1 ``Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and Stairway Chair Lifts'') must validate electromagnetic...: Electromagnetic Compatibility--Requirements and Tests,'' and ASME A18.1 ``Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and...

30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart M of... - National Consensus Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... loaders and bulldozers Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) minimum performance criteria for falling object protective structures (FOPS) SAE J231—January, 1981. Fork-lift trucks American National Standards Institute (ANSI) safety standard for low lift and high lift trucks, B 56.1, section 7.27—1983; or, American...

30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart M of... - National Consensus Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... loaders and bulldozers Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) minimum performance criteria for falling object protective structures (FOPS) SAE J231—January, 1981. Fork-lift trucks American National Standards Institute (ANSI) safety standard for low lift and high lift trucks, B 56.1, section 7.27—1983; or, American...

30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart M of... - National Consensus Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... loaders and bulldozers Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) minimum performance criteria for falling object protective structures (FOPS) SAE J231—January, 1981. Fork-lift trucks American National Standards Institute (ANSI) safety standard for low lift and high lift trucks, B 56.1, section 7.27—1983; or, American...

30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart M of... - National Consensus Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... loaders and bulldozers Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) minimum performance criteria for falling object protective structures (FOPS) SAE J231—January, 1981. Fork-lift trucks American National Standards Institute (ANSI) safety standard for low lift and high lift trucks, B 56.1, section 7.27—1983; or American...

30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart M of... - National Consensus Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... loaders and bulldozers Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) minimum performance criteria for falling object protective structures (FOPS) SAE J231—January, 1981. Fork-lift trucks American National Standards Institute (ANSI) safety standard for low lift and high lift trucks, B 56.1, section 7.27—1983; or American...

30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart M of... - National Consensus Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... loaders and bulldozers Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) minimum performance criteria for falling object protective structures (FOPS) SAE J231—January, 1981. Fork-lift trucks American National Standards Institute (ANSI) safety standard for low lift and high lift trucks, B 56.1, section 7.27—1983; or American...

77 FR 20558 - Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Platform Lifts for Motor Vehicles; Platform Lift...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-05

... amendments to the Federal motor vehicle safety standards on platform lift systems for motor vehicles. The... [email protected] . For legal issues, you may contact David Jasinski, Office of the Chief Counsel, NCC... in the Federal Register a final rule establishing FMVSS No. 403, Platform lift systems for motor...

75 FR 33320 - Notice of Issuance of Final Determination Concerning a Lift Unit for an Overhead Patient Lift...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-11

... Determination Concerning a Lift Unit for an Overhead Patient Lift System; Correction AGENCY: U.S. Customs and... origin of a lift unit for an overhead patient lift system. The document contained two errors that this... origin of a lift unit for an overhead patient lift system. This document corrects in the DATES section of...

Preliminary design of propulsion system for V/STOL research and technology aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

The V/STOL Research and Technology Aircraft (RTA)propulsion system design effort is limited to components of the lift/cruise engines, turboshaft engine modifications, lift fan assembly, and propulsion system performance generation. The uninstalled total net thrust with all engines and fans operating at intermediate power was 37,114 pounds. Uninstalled system total net thrust was 27,102 pounds when one lift/cruise is inoperative. Components have lives above the 500 hours of the RTA duty cycle. The L/C engine used in a fixed nacelle has the cross shaft forward of the reduction gear whereas the cross shaft is aft of the reduction gear in a tilt nacelle L/C engine. The lift/cruise gearbox contains components and technologies from other DDA engines. The rotor has a 62-inch diameter and contains 22 composite blades that have a hub/tip ratio of 0.454. The blade pitch change mechanism contains hydraulic and mechanical redundancy. The lift fan assembly is completely self-contained including oil cooling in 10 exit vanes.

An overhead specimen handling system for variable workloads.

PubMed

Eggert, A A; Bowers, K L; Smulka, G J; Emmerich, K A; Iwanski, A L; Quam, E F

1999-02-01

This unique overhead specimen handling system requires virtually no floor space and only a minimal amount of bench space. It uses state-of-the-art conveyors suspended near the ceiling to transport, log-in and sort blood specimens in standard specimen containers. Specimens placed into the system at bench-level bins are automatically singulated and loaded onto cleated conveyors and lifted to the main conveyor belt near the ceiling. The barcoded labels are then read as the containers are rotated under an optical scanner. The specimens are then diverted to the appropriate branch conveyor and lowered back to the bench level by cleated conveyors. The specimen handling system is rapid and accurate, requires no special containers, allows laboratorians to move unimpeded below it, and is inexpensive by automation standards. Studies show no adverse effect upon the specimens.

Helicopter Toy and Lift Estimation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shakerin, Said

2013-01-01

A $1 plastic helicopter toy (called a Wacky Whirler) can be used to demonstrate lift. Students can make basic measurements of the toy, use reasonable assumptions and, with the lift formula, estimate the lift, and verify that it is sufficient to overcome the toy's weight. (Contains 1 figure.)

Generalised Eisenhart lift of the Toda chain

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cariglia, Marco, E-mail: marco@iceb.ufop.br; Gibbons, Gary, E-mail: g.w.gibbons@damtp.cam.ac.uk

The Toda chain of nearest neighbour interacting particles on a line can be described both in terms of geodesic motion on a manifold with one extra dimension, the Eisenhart lift, or in terms of geodesic motion in a symmetric space with several extra dimensions. We examine the relationship between these two realisations and discover that the symmetric space is a generalised, multi-particle Eisenhart lift of the original problem that reduces to the standard Eisenhart lift. Such generalised Eisenhart lift acts as an inverse Kaluza-Klein reduction, promoting coupling constants to momenta in higher dimension. In particular, isometries of the generalised liftmore » metric correspond to energy preserving transformations that mix coordinates and coupling constants. A by-product of the analysis is that the lift of the Toda Lax pair can be used to construct higher rank Killing tensors for both the standard and generalised lift metrics.« less

14 CFR 25.697 - Lift and drag devices, controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 25.697 Lift and drag devices, controls. (a) Each lift device control must be designed so that the pilots... drag device control must be designed and located to make inadvertent operation improbable. Lift and...

14 CFR 25.697 - Lift and drag devices, controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 25.697 Lift and drag devices, controls. (a) Each lift device control must be designed so that the pilots... drag device control must be designed and located to make inadvertent operation improbable. Lift and...

14 CFR 25.697 - Lift and drag devices, controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 25.697 Lift and drag devices, controls. (a) Each lift device control must be designed so that the pilots... drag device control must be designed and located to make inadvertent operation improbable. Lift and...

14 CFR 25.697 - Lift and drag devices, controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 25.697 Lift and drag devices, controls. (a) Each lift device control must be designed so that the pilots... drag device control must be designed and located to make inadvertent operation improbable. Lift and...

USING A CONTAINMENT VESSEL LIFTING APPARATUS FOR REMOTE OPERATIONS OF SHIPPING PACKAGES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Loftin, Bradley; Koenig, Richard

2013-08-08

The 9977 and the 9975 shipping packages are used in various nuclear facilities within the Department of Energy. These shipping packages are often loaded in designated areas with designs using overhead cranes or A-frames with lifting winches. However, there are cases where loading operations must be performed in remote locations where these facility infrastructures do not exist. For these locations, a lifting apparatus has been designed to lift the containment vessels partially out of the package for unloading operations to take place. Additionally, the apparatus allows for loading and closure of the containment vessel and subsequent pre-shipment testing. This papermore » will address the design of the apparatus and the challenges associated with the design, and it will describe the use of the apparatus.« less

Lift truck safety review

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cadwallader, L.C.

1997-03-01

This report presents safety information about powered industrial trucks. The basic lift truck, the counterbalanced sit down rider truck, is the primary focus of the report. Lift truck engineering is briefly described, then a hazard analysis is performed on the lift truck. Case histories and accident statistics are also given. Rules and regulations about lift trucks, such as the US Occupational Safety an Health Administration laws and the Underwriter`s Laboratories standards, are discussed. Safety issues with lift trucks are reviewed, and lift truck safety and reliability are discussed. Some quantitative reliability values are given.

14 CFR 25.345 - High lift devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false High lift devices. 25.345 Section 25.345... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure Flight Maneuver and Gust Conditions § 25.345 High lift...) A head-on gust of 25 feet per second velocity (EAS). (c) If flaps or other high lift devices are to...

14 CFR 25.345 - High lift devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false High lift devices. 25.345 Section 25.345... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure Flight Maneuver and Gust Conditions § 25.345 High lift...) A head-on gust of 25 feet per second velocity (EAS). (c) If flaps or other high lift devices are to...

NASA safety standard for lifting devices and equipment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1990-09-01

NASA's minimum safety requirements are established for the design, testing, inspection, maintenance, certification, and use of overhead and gantry cranes (including top running monorail, underhung, and jib cranes), mobile cranes, derrick hoists, and special hoist supported personnel lifting devices (these do not include elevators, ground supported personnel lifts, or powered platforms). Minimum requirements are also addressed for the testing, inspection, and use of Hydra-sets, hooks, and slings. Safety standards are thoroughly detailed.

NASA safety standard for lifting devices and equipment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

NASA's minimum safety requirements are established for the design, testing, inspection, maintenance, certification, and use of overhead and gantry cranes (including top running monorail, underhung, and jib cranes), mobile cranes, derrick hoists, and special hoist supported personnel lifting devices (these do not include elevators, ground supported personnel lifts, or powered platforms). Minimum requirements are also addressed for the testing, inspection, and use of Hydra-sets, hooks, and slings. Safety standards are thoroughly detailed.

Flight Simulation Model Exchange. Volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murri, Daniel G.; Jackson, E. Bruce

2011-01-01

The NASA Engineering and Safety Center Review Board sponsored an assessment of the draft Standard, Flight Dynamics Model Exchange Standard, BSR/ANSI-S-119-201x (S-119) that was conducted by simulation and guidance, navigation, and control engineers from several NASA Centers. The assessment team reviewed the conventions and formats spelled out in the draft Standard and the actual implementation of two example aerodynamic models (a subsonic F-16 and the HL-20 lifting body) encoded in the Extensible Markup Language grammar. During the implementation, the team kept records of lessons learned and provided feedback to the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Modeling and Simulation Technical Committee representative. This document contains the results of the assessment.

Flight Simulation Model Exchange. Volume 2; Appendices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murri, Daniel G.; Jackson, E. Bruce

2011-01-01

The NASA Engineering and Safety Center Review Board sponsored an assessment of the draft Standard, Flight Dynamics Model Exchange Standard, BSR/ANSI-S-119-201x (S-119) that was conducted by simulation and guidance, navigation, and control engineers from several NASA Centers. The assessment team reviewed the conventions and formats spelled out in the draft Standard and the actual implementation of two example aerodynamic models (a subsonic F-16 and the HL-20 lifting body) encoded in the Extensible Markup Language grammar. During the implementation, the team kept records of lessons learned and provided feedback to the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Modeling and Simulation Technical Committee representative. This document contains the appendices to the main report.

49 CFR 213.235 - Inspection of switches, track crossings, and lift rail assemblies or other transition devices on...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Inspection of switches, track crossings, and lift... TRANSPORTATION TRACK SAFETY STANDARDS Inspection § 213.235 Inspection of switches, track crossings, and lift rail... section, each switch, turnout, track crossing, and moveable bridge lift rail assembly or other transition...

49 CFR 213.235 - Inspection of switches, track crossings, and lift rail assemblies or other transition devices on...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Inspection of switches, track crossings, and lift... TRANSPORTATION TRACK SAFETY STANDARDS Inspection § 213.235 Inspection of switches, track crossings, and lift rail... section, each switch, turnout, track crossing, and moveable bridge lift rail assembly or other transition...

49 CFR 213.235 - Inspection of switches, track crossings, and lift rail assemblies or other transition devices on...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Inspection of switches, track crossings, and lift... TRANSPORTATION TRACK SAFETY STANDARDS Inspection § 213.235 Inspection of switches, track crossings, and lift rail... section, each switch, turnout, track crossing, and moveable bridge lift rail assembly or other transition...

76 FR 40935 - Vertical Tandem Lifts in Marine Terminals; Extension of the Office of Management and Budget's...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-12

...] Vertical Tandem Lifts in Marine Terminals; Extension of the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB... Standard on Vertical Tandem Lifts (VTLs) in Marine Terminals (29 CFR part 1917). The collection of... on Vertical Tandem Lifts for Marine Terminals (29 CFR part 1917). OSHA is proposing to increase the...

49 CFR 213.235 - Inspection of switches, track crossings, and lift rail assemblies or other transition devices on...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inspection of switches, track crossings, and lift... TRANSPORTATION TRACK SAFETY STANDARDS Inspection § 213.235 Inspection of switches, track crossings, and lift rail... section, each switch, turnout, track crossing, and moveable bridge lift rail assembly or other transition...

49 CFR 213.235 - Inspection of switches, track crossings, and lift rail assemblies or other transition devices on...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Inspection of switches, track crossings, and lift... TRANSPORTATION TRACK SAFETY STANDARDS Inspection § 213.235 Inspection of switches, track crossings, and lift rail... section, each switch, turnout, track crossing, and moveable bridge lift rail assembly or other transition...

AORN Ergonomic Tool 6: lifting and carrying supplies and equipment in the perioperative setting.

PubMed

Waters, Thomas; Baptiste, Andrea; Short, Manon; Plante-Mallon, Lori; Nelson, Audrey

2011-08-01

Perioperative team members often are required to lift and carry heavy supplies and equipment into and around the OR; this includes lifting equipment such as hand tables, fluoroscopy boards, stirrups, Wilson frames, irrigation containers for lithotripsy, and heavy instrument pans. Lifting heavy objects creates considerable risk for musculoskeletal injuries to the back and shoulders. AORN Ergonomic Tool 6: Lifting and Carrying Supplies and Equipment in the Perioperative Setting can help caregivers evaluate lifting and carrying tasks and take measures to protect themselves from injury. Caregivers can use the revised National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health lifting equation to assess whether a specific lifting task can be performed safely. Published by Elsevier Inc.

49 CFR 213.353 - Turnouts, crossovers, and lift rail assemblies or other transition devices on moveable bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Turnouts, crossovers, and lift rail assemblies or... SAFETY STANDARDS Train Operations at Track Classes 6 and Higher § 213.353 Turnouts, crossovers, and lift... shall be at least 11/2 inches wide. (d) For all turnouts and crossovers, and lift rail assemblies or...

49 CFR 213.353 - Turnouts, crossovers, and lift rail assemblies or other transition devices on moveable bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Turnouts, crossovers, and lift rail assemblies or... SAFETY STANDARDS Train Operations at Track Classes 6 and Higher § 213.353 Turnouts, crossovers, and lift... shall be at least 11/2 inches wide. (d) For all turnouts and crossovers, and lift rail assemblies or...

Effect of modified bridge exercise on trunk muscle activity in healthy adults: a cross sectional study.

PubMed

Yoon, Jeong-Oh; Kang, Min-Hyeok; Kim, Jun-Seok; Oh, Jae-Seop

This is a cross-sectional study. University research laboratory. Fifteen healthy adults (mean age: 27.47 years) volunteered for this study. The individuals performed standard bridge exercise and modified bridge exercises with right leg-lift (single-leg-lift bridge exercise, single-leg-lift bridge exercise on an unstable surface, and single-leg-lift hip abduction bridge exercise). During the bridge exercises, electromyography of the rectus abdominis, internal oblique, erector spinae, and multifidus muscles was recorded using a wireless surface electromyography system. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (exercise by side) with post hoc pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni correction was used to compare the electromyography data collected from each muscle. Bilateral internal oblique muscle activities showed significantly greater during single-leg-lift bridge exercise (95% confidence interval: right internal oblique=-8.99 to -1.08, left internal oblique=-6.84 to -0.10), single-leg-lift bridge exercise on an unstable surface (95% confidence interval: right internal oblique=-7.32 to -1.78, left internal oblique=-5.34 to -0.99), and single-leg-lift hip abduction bridge exercise (95% confidence interval: right internal oblique=-17.13 to -0.89, left internal oblique=-8.56 to -0.60) compared with standard bridge exercise. Bilateral rectus abdominis showed greater electromyography activity during single-leg-lift bridge exercise on an unstable surface (95% confidence interval: right rectus abdominis=-9.33 to -1.13, left rectus abdominis=-4.80 to -0.64) and single-leg-lift hip abduction bridge exercise (95% confidence interval: right rectus abdominis=-14.12 to -1.84, left rectus abdominis=-6.68 to -0.16) compared with standard bridge exercise. In addition, the right rectus abdominis muscle activity was greater during single-leg-lift hip abduction bridge exercise compared with single-leg-lift bridge exercise on an unstable surface (95% confidence interval=-7.51 to -0.89). For erector spinae, muscle activity was greater in right side compared with left side during all exercises (95% confidence interval: standard bridge exercise=0.19-4.53, single-leg-lift bridge exercise=0.24-10.49, single-leg-lift bridge exercise on an unstable surface=0.74-8.55, single-leg-lift hip abduction bridge exercise=0.47-11.43). There was no significant interaction and main effect for multifidus. Adding hip abduction and unstable conditions to bridge exercises may be useful strategy to facilitate the co-activation of trunk muscles. Copyright © 2017 Associação Brasileira de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia. Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

High gantry for lifting and handling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kerley, J. J., Jr.; Tereniak, W. T.

1977-01-01

Standard gantry has been inexpensively modified with standard pipes to allow lifting of heavy loads to distances between 14 and 30 ft. Addition of air mounts permits extensive and sensitive equipment to be moved smoothly and safely over smooth or moderately rough surfaces. Unit has been tested at 6000 pounds without yielding.

76 FR 73681 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request; Vertical...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-29

... for OMB Review; Comment Request; Vertical Tandem Lifts for Marine Terminals ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY...) sponsored information collection request (ICR) titled, ``Vertical Tandem Lifts for Marine Terminals,'' to....gov . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Vertical Tandem Lifts (VTLs) standards of regulations 29 CFR part...

Cumulative occupational mechanical exposures during working life and risk of sickness absence and disability pension: prospective cohort study.

PubMed

Sundstrup, Emil; Hansen, Åse Marie; Mortensen, Erik Lykke; Poulsen, Otto Melchior; Clausen, Thomas; Rugulies, Reiner; Møller, Anne; Andersen, Lars L

2017-09-01

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the prospective association of cumulative mechanical exposure during working life with health-related labor market outcomes. Methods This prospective cohort study combines data from 5076 older workers (age 49-63 years) from the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank with a job exposure matrix and a national register containing information on social transfer payment. By coding individual job histories from the Danish version of ISCO-codes (International Standard Classification of Occupations), we calculated cumulative occupational mechanical exposures from a JEM for ton-years (lifting 1000 kg each day in one year), lifting-years (lifting loads weighing ≥20 kg >10 times each day in one year), kneeling-years (kneeling for one hour each day in one year) and vibration-years (whole-body vibration for one hour each day in one year). Cox-regression analyses estimated the relative risk of register-based long-term sickness absence (LTSA) and disability pension with cumulative occupational mechanical exposures throughout working life. Analyses were censored for competing events and adjusted for multiple confounders. Results During the follow-up period, 970 persons (19.3%) had ≥1 episode of LTSA and 85 persons (1.7%) were granted a disability pension. Number of ton-, lifting- and kneeling-years showed an exposure-response association with increased risk of LTSA (P<0.0001). In addition, both long term [≥20 years; hazard ratio (HR) 1.76 95% CI 1.39-2.22] and short term (<10 years; HR 1.20 95% CI 1.02-1.41) exposure to kneeling work increased the risk of LTSA. Lifting-years, but not the other mechanical exposures, were associated with risk of disability pension (HR 1.75 95% CI 1.01-3.04). Conclusions Cumulative occupational mechanical exposures during working life - such as lifting and kneeling work - increased the risk of LTSA. Importantly, being exposed to lifting increased the risk of disability pension.

14 CFR 25.697 - Lift and drag devices, controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... conditions of airspeed, engine power, and airplane attitude. (d) The lift device control must be designed to... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Lift and drag devices, controls. 25.697... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 25...

49 CFR 571.403 - Standard No. 403; Platform lift systems for motor vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... conducting the fatigue test in S7.10. S6.5.1.2Private use lifts. Except for lifts that manually stow (fold... as a result of conducting the fatigue test in S7.10. S6.5.2Proof load. The platform lift must be... 100 cm2 (15.5 in2) of surface area. Begin the test specified in S7.2.2 within 30 seconds of completion...

49 CFR 571.403 - Standard No. 403; Platform lift systems for motor vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... conducting the fatigue test in S7.10. S6.5.1.2Private use lifts. Except for lifts that manually stow (fold... as a result of conducting the fatigue test in S7.10. S6.5.2Proof load. The platform lift must be... 100 cm2 (15.5 in2) of surface area. Begin the test specified in S7.2.2 within 30 seconds of completion...

Vibration based condition monitoring of a multistage epicyclic gearbox in lifting cranes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Assaad, Bassel; Eltabach, Mario; Antoni, Jérôme

2014-01-01

This paper proposes a model-based technique for detecting wear in a multistage planetary gearbox used by lifting cranes. The proposed method establishes a vibration signal model which deals with cyclostationary and autoregressive models. First-order cyclostationarity is addressed by the analysis of the time synchronous average (TSA) of the angular resampled vibration signal. Then an autoregressive model (AR) is applied to the TSA part in order to extract a residual signal containing pertinent fault signatures. The paper also explores a number of methods commonly used in vibration monitoring of planetary gearboxes, in order to make comparisons. In the experimental part of this study, these techniques are applied to accelerated lifetime test bench data for the lifting winch. After processing raw signals recorded with an accelerometer mounted on the outside of the gearbox, a number of condition indicators (CIs) are derived from the TSA signal, the residual autoregressive signal and other signals derived using standard signal processing methods. The goal is to check the evolution of the CIs during the accelerated lifetime test (ALT). Clarity and fluctuation level of the historical trends are finally considered as a criteria for comparing between the extracted CIs.

Software design to calculate and simulate the mechanical response of electromechanical lifts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herrera, I.; Romero, E.

2016-05-01

Lift engineers and lift companies which are involved in the design process of new products or in the research and development of improved components demand a predictive tool of the lift slender system response before testing expensive prototypes. A method for solving the movement of any specified lift system by means of a computer program is presented. The mechanical response of the lift operating in a user defined installation and configuration, for a given excitation and other configuration parameters of real electric motors and its control system, is derived. A mechanical model with 6 degrees of freedom is used. The governing equations are integrated step by step through the Meden-Kutta algorithm in the MATLAB platform. Input data consists on the set point speed for a standard trip and the control parameters of a number of controllers and lift drive machines. The computer program computes and plots very accurately the vertical displacement, velocity, instantaneous acceleration and jerk time histories of the car, counterweight, frame, passengers/loads and lift drive in a standard trip between any two floors of the desired installation. The resulting torque, rope tension and deviation of the velocity plot with respect to the setpoint speed are shown. The software design is implemented in a demo release of the computer program called ElevaCAD. Further on, the program offers the possibility to select the configuration of the lift system and the performance parameters of each component. In addition to the overall system response, detailed information of transients, vibrations of the lift components, ride quality levels, modal analysis and frequency spectrum (FFT) are plotted.

Remote lift fan study program, volume 4

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

A study program to select and conduct preliminary design of advanced technology lift fan systems to meet low noise goals of future V/STOL transport aircraft is discussed. This volume contains results of additional studies conducted to support the main preliminary design effort done under the Remote Lift Fan Study Program (Contract NAS3-14406) and a companion effort, the Integral Lift Fan Study (NAS3-14404). These results cover engine emission study, a review of existing engines for research aircraft application and support data for aircraft studies.

"Doing the heavy lifting: health care workers take back their backs".

PubMed

Morse, Tim; Fekieta, Renee; Rubenstein, Harriet; Warren, Nick; Alexander, Darryl; Wawzyniecki, Patricia

2008-01-01

Health care workers have the highest musculoskeletal disorder prevalence and incidence of any occupational/industry group, and patient handling tasks are so biomechanically demanding that they cannot be made safe through the commonly used, technique-oriented methods such as "back school" training programs. Although there is standard-setting activity for "no-lift" programs in some states, there is still no federal standard. Health care worker unions and nurses' associations have begun to take action through training members in equipment need, use, and acceptance in programs to encourage adoption of no-lifting programs. Acceptance of lifting equipment is increasing due to recognition of the high human and economic costs of MSD, consistent documentation of cost savings from no-lift programs, major improvements in lifting equipment, and shortages of health care staff. An action-oriented training program for health care workers is described that provides knowledge about the 1) Scope of the current problem of back injuries in health care, 2) Costs of injuries, both to workers and to the hospital, 3) Elements of a safe patient-handling program, and 4) Success stories. The program also builds skills through: 1) Hands-on experience with safe lifting equipment, and 2) Assessing organizational and union readiness and planning for action at the workplace.

19 CFR 10.41a - Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of international...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... for inspection by Customs officials upon reasonable notice. (3) If the container does not exit the U.S... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids... Traffic § 10.41a Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of...

19 CFR 10.41a - Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of international...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... for inspection by Customs officials upon reasonable notice. (3) If the container does not exit the U.S... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids... Traffic § 10.41a Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of...

19 CFR 10.41a - Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of international...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... for inspection by Customs officials upon reasonable notice. (3) If the container does not exit the U.S... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids... Traffic § 10.41a Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of...

Effects of height and load weight on shoulder muscle work during overhead lifting task.

PubMed

Blache, Y; Desmoulins, L; Allard, P; Plamondon, A; Begon, M

2015-01-01

Few musculoskeletal models are available to assess shoulder deeper muscle demand during overhead lifting tasks. Our objective was to implement a musculoskeletal model to assess the effect of lifting height and load on shoulder muscle work. A musculoskeletal model scaled from 15 male subjects was used to calculate shoulder muscle work during six lifting tasks. Boxes containing three different loads (6, 12 and 18 kg) were lifted by the subjects from the waist to shoulder or eye level. After optimisation of the maximal isometric force of the model's muscles, the bio-fidelity of the model was improved by 19%. The latter was able to reproduce the subjects' lifting movements. Mechanical work of the rotator cuff muscles, upper trapezius and anterior deltoid was increased with lifting load and height augmentation. In conclusion, the use of a musculoskeletal model validated by electromyography enabled to evaluate the muscle demand of deep muscles during lifting tasks.

Method for calculating lift distributions for unswept wings with flaps or ailerons by use of nonlinear section lift data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sivells, James C; Westrick, Gertrude C

1952-01-01

A method is presented which allows the use of nonlinear section lift data in the calculation of the spanwise lift distribution of unswept wings with flaps or ailerons. This method is based upon lifting line theory and is an extension to the method described in NACA rep. 865. The mathematical treatment of the discontinuity in absolute angle of attack at the end of the flap or aileron involves the use of a correction factor which accounts for the inability of a limited trigonometric series to represent adequately the spanwise lift distribution. A treatment of the apparent discontinuity in maximum section lift coefficient is also described. Simplified computing forms containing detailed examples are given for both symmetrical and asymmetrical lift distributions. A few comparisons of calculated characteristics with those obtained experimentally are also presented.

Impact of the A18.1 ASME Standard on Platform Lifts and Stairway Chairlifts on Accessibility and Usability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balmer, David C.

2010-01-01

This article summarizes the effect of the ASME A18.1 Standard concerning accessibility and usability of Platform Lifts and their remaining technological challenges. While elevators are currently the most effective means of vertical transportation related to speed, capacity, rise and usability, their major drawbacks for accessibility are cost and…

Variable Lifting Index (VLI): A New Method for Evaluating Variable Lifting Tasks.

PubMed

Waters, Thomas; Occhipinti, Enrico; Colombini, Daniela; Alvarez-Casado, Enrique; Fox, Robert

2016-08-01

We seek to develop a new approach for analyzing the physical demands of highly variable lifting tasks through an adaptation of the Revised NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Lifting Equation (RNLE) into a Variable Lifting Index (VLI). There are many jobs that contain individual lifts that vary from lift to lift due to the task requirements. The NIOSH Lifting Equation is not suitable in its present form to analyze variable lifting tasks. In extending the prior work on the VLI, two procedures are presented to allow users to analyze variable lifting tasks. One approach involves the sampling of lifting tasks performed by a worker over a shift and the calculation of the Frequency Independent Lift Index (FILI) for each sampled lift and the aggregation of the FILI values into six categories. The Composite Lift Index (CLI) equation is used with lifting index (LI) category frequency data to calculate the VLI. The second approach employs a detailed systematic collection of lifting task data from production and/or organizational sources. The data are organized into simplified task parameter categories and further aggregated into six FILI categories, which also use the CLI equation to calculate the VLI. The two procedures will allow practitioners to systematically employ the VLI method to a variety of work situations where highly variable lifting tasks are performed. The scientific basis for the VLI procedure is similar to that for the CLI originally presented by NIOSH; however, the VLI method remains to be validated. The VLI method allows an analyst to assess highly variable manual lifting jobs in which the task characteristics vary from lift to lift during a shift. © 2015, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

Variable Lifting Index (VLI)

PubMed Central

Waters, Thomas; Occhipinti, Enrico; Colombini, Daniela; Alvarez-Casado, Enrique; Fox, Robert

2015-01-01

Objective: We seek to develop a new approach for analyzing the physical demands of highly variable lifting tasks through an adaptation of the Revised NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Lifting Equation (RNLE) into a Variable Lifting Index (VLI). Background: There are many jobs that contain individual lifts that vary from lift to lift due to the task requirements. The NIOSH Lifting Equation is not suitable in its present form to analyze variable lifting tasks. Method: In extending the prior work on the VLI, two procedures are presented to allow users to analyze variable lifting tasks. One approach involves the sampling of lifting tasks performed by a worker over a shift and the calculation of the Frequency Independent Lift Index (FILI) for each sampled lift and the aggregation of the FILI values into six categories. The Composite Lift Index (CLI) equation is used with lifting index (LI) category frequency data to calculate the VLI. The second approach employs a detailed systematic collection of lifting task data from production and/or organizational sources. The data are organized into simplified task parameter categories and further aggregated into six FILI categories, which also use the CLI equation to calculate the VLI. Results: The two procedures will allow practitioners to systematically employ the VLI method to a variety of work situations where highly variable lifting tasks are performed. Conclusions: The scientific basis for the VLI procedure is similar to that for the CLI originally presented by NIOSH; however, the VLI method remains to be validated. Application: The VLI method allows an analyst to assess highly variable manual lifting jobs in which the task characteristics vary from lift to lift during a shift. PMID:26646300

49 CFR 178.704 - General IBC standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., deterioration due to exposure to the external environment. IBCs intended for solid hazardous materials must be... must be constructed in such a way as to be bottom-lifted or top-lifted as specified in §§ 178.811 and...

49 CFR 178.704 - General IBC standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., deterioration due to exposure to the external environment. IBCs intended for solid hazardous materials must be... must be constructed in such a way as to be bottom-lifted or top-lifted as specified in §§ 178.811 and...

Lift on side by side intruders of various geometries within a granular flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Acevedo-Escalante, M. F.; Caballero-Robledo, G. A.

2017-06-01

Obstacles within fluids have been widely used in engineering and in physics to study hydrodynamic interactions. In granular matter, objects within a granular flow have helped to understand fundamental features of drag and lift forces. In our group, we have studied numerically the flow mediated interaction between two static disks within a vertical granular flow in a two-dimensional container where the flow velocity and the distance between obstacles were varied. Attractive and repulsive forces were found depending on flow velocity and separation between intruders. The simulations evidenced a relationship between the average flow velocity in a specific section ahead of the obstacles and the attractive-repulsive lift. On the other hand, it was showed that the lift force on an object dragged within a granular medium depends on the shape of the intruder. Here we present experimental results of the interaction between two side-by-side intruders of different shapes within a vertical granular flow. We built a quasi-two-dimensional container in which we placed the intruders and using load cells we measured lift and drag forces during the discharge process for different flow velocities.

Models of Lift and Drag Coefficients of Stalled and Unstalled Airfoils in Wind Turbines and Wind Tunnels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spera, David A.

2008-01-01

Equations are developed with which to calculate lift and drag coefficients along the spans of torsionally-stiff rotating airfoils of the type used in wind turbine rotors and wind tunnel fans, at angles of attack in both the unstalled and stalled aerodynamic regimes. Explicit adjustments are made for the effects of aspect ratio (length to chord width) and airfoil thickness ratio. Calculated lift and drag parameters are compared to measured parameters for 55 airfoil data sets including 585 test points. Mean deviation was found to be -0.4 percent and standard deviation was 4.8 percent. When the proposed equations were applied to the calculation of power from a stall-controlled wind turbine tested in a NASA wind tunnel, mean deviation from 54 data points was -1.3 percent and standard deviation was 4.0 percent. Pressure-rise calculations for a large wind tunnel fan deviated by 2.7 percent (mean) and 4.4 percent (standard). The assumption that a single set of lift and drag coefficient equations can represent the stalled aerodynamic behavior of a wide variety of airfoils was found to be satisfactory.

LAVA Simulations for the 3rd AIAA CFD High Lift Prediction Workshop with Body Fitted Grids

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jensen, James C.; Stich, Gerrit-Daniel; Housman, Jeffrey A.; Denison, Marie; Kiris, Cetin C.

2018-01-01

In response to the 3rd AIAA CFD High Lift Prediction Workshop, the workshop cases were analyzed using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow solvers within the Launch Ascent and Vehicle Aerodynamics (LAVA) solver framework. For the workshop cases the advantages and limitations of both overset-structured an unstructured polyhedral meshes were assessed. The workshop included 3 cases: a 2D airfoil validation case, a mesh convergence study using the High Lift Common Research Model, and a nacelle/pylon integration study using the JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) Standard Model. The 2D airfoil case from the workshop is used to verify the implementation of the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model along with some of its variants within the solver. The High Lift Common Research Model case is used to assess solver performance and accuracy at varying mesh resolutions, as well as identify the minimum mesh fidelity required for LAVA on this class of problem. The JAXA Standard Model case is used to assess the solver's sensitivity to the turbulence model and to compare the structured and unstructured mesh paradigms. These workshop cases have helped establish best practices for high lift flow configurations for the LAVA solver.

Inter-rater reliability of three standardized functional tests in patients with low back pain

PubMed Central

Tidstrand, Johan; Horneij, Eva

2009-01-01

Background Of all patients with low back pain, 85% are diagnosed as "non-specific lumbar pain". Lumbar instability has been described as one specific diagnosis which several authors have described as delayed muscular responses, impaired postural control as well as impaired muscular coordination among these patients. This has mostly been measured and evaluated in a laboratory setting. There are few standardized and evaluated functional tests, examining functional muscular coordination which are also applicable in the non-laboratory setting. In ordinary clinical work, tests of functional muscular coordination should be easy to apply. The aim of this present study was to therefore standardize and examine the inter-rater reliability of three functional tests of muscular functional coordination of the lumbar spine in patients with low back pain. Methods Nineteen consecutive individuals, ten men and nine women were included. (Mean age 42 years, SD ± 12 yrs). Two independent examiners assessed three tests: "single limb stance", "sitting on a Bobath ball with one leg lifted" and "unilateral pelvic lift" on the same occasion. The standardization procedure took altered positions of the spine or pelvis and compensatory movements of the free extremities into account. The inter-rater reliability was analyzed by Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) and by percentage agreement. Results The inter-rater reliability for the right and the left leg respectively was: for the single limb stance very good (κ: 0.88–1.0), for sitting on a Bobath ball good (κ: 0.79) and very good (κ: 0.88) and for the unilateral pelvic lift: good (κ: 0.61) and moderate (κ: 0.47). Conclusion The present study showed good to very good inter-rater reliability for two standardized tests, that is, the single-limb stance and sitting on a Bobath-ball with one leg lifted. Inter-rater reliability for the unilateral pelvic lift test was moderate to good. Validation of the tests in their ability to evaluate lumbar stability is required. PMID:19490644

Patterning of oxide-hardened gold black by photolithography and metal lift-off

Treesearch

Deep Panjwani; Mehmet Yesiltas; Janardan Nath; D.E. Maukonen; Imen Rezadad; Evan M. Smith; R.E. Peale; Carol Hirschmugl; Julia Sedlmair; Ralf Wehlitz; Miriam Unger; Glenn Boreman

2014-01-01

A method to pattern infrared-absorbing gold black by conventional photolithography and lift-off is described. A photo-resist pattern is developed on a substrate by standard photolithography. Gold black is deposited over the whole by thermal evaporation in an inert gas at

Comparative Flight and Full-Scale Wind-Tunnel Measurements of the Maximum Lift of an Airplane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Silverstein, Abe; Katzoff, S; Hootman, James A

1938-01-01

Determinations of the power-off maximum lift of a Fairchild 22 airplane were made in the NACA full-scale wind tunnel and in flight. The results from the two types of test were in satisfactory agreement. It was found that, when the airplane was rotated positively in pitch through the angle of stall at rates of the order of 0.1 degree per second, the maximum lift coefficient was considerably higher than that obtained in the standard tests, in which the forces are measured with the angles of attack fixed. Scale effect on the maximum lift coefficient was also investigated.

Twistor interpretation of slice regular functions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Altavilla, Amedeo

2018-01-01

Given a slice regular function f : Ω ⊂ H → H, with Ω ∩ R ≠ ∅, it is possible to lift it to surfaces in the twistor space CP3 of S4 ≃ H ∪ { ∞ } (see Gentili et al., 2014). In this paper we show that the same result is true if one removes the hypothesis Ω ∩ R ≠ ∅ on the domain of the function f. Moreover we find that if a surface S ⊂CP3 contains the image of the twistor lift of a slice regular function, then S has to be ruled by lines. Starting from these results we find all the projective classes of algebraic surfaces up to degree 3 in CP3 that contain the lift of a slice regular function. In addition we extend and further explore the so-called twistor transform, that is a curve in Gr2(C4) which, given a slice regular function, returns the arrangement of lines whose lift carries on. With the explicit expression of the twistor lift and of the twistor transform of a slice regular function we exhibit the set of slice regular functions whose twistor transform describes a rational line inside Gr2(C4) , showing the role of slice regular functions not defined on R. At the end we study the twistor lift of a particular slice regular function not defined over the reals. This example shows the effectiveness of our approach and opens some questions.

Comparison of Bottomless Lift Nets and Breder Traps for Sampling Salt-Marsh Nekton

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Data set contains: the length of mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) caught on lift nets and Breder traps from May to September 2002; the sizes of green crabs caught in the lift nets and Breder traps during same time frame; the mean density and sample size data for each sampling time and each site (3 sites total) for total nekton sampled and total nekton minus shrimp.This dataset is associated with the following publication:Raposa, K., and M. Chintala. Comparison of Bottomless Lift Nets and Breder Traps for Sampling Salt-Marsh Nekton. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, USA, 145(1): 163-172, (2016).

A prediction model for lift-fan simulator performance. M.S. Thesis - Cleveland State Univ.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yuska, J. A.

1972-01-01

The performance characteristics of a model VTOL lift-fan simulator installed in a two-dimensional wing are presented. The lift-fan simulator consisted of a 15-inch diameter fan driven by a turbine contained in the fan hub. The performance of the lift-fan simulator was measured in two ways: (1) the calculated momentum thrust of the fan and turbine (total thrust loading), and (2) the axial-force measured on a load cell force balance (axial-force loading). Tests were conducted over a wide range of crossflow velocities, corrected tip speeds, and wing angle of attack. A prediction modeling technique was developed to help in analyzing the performance characteristics of lift-fan simulators. A multiple linear regression analysis technique is presented which calculates prediction model equations for the dependent variables.

Space Shuttle and Launch Pad Lift-Off Debris Transport Analysis: SRB Plume-Driven

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

West, Jeff; Strutzenberg, Louis; Dougherty, Sam; Radke, Jerry; Liever, Peter

2007-01-01

This paper discusses the Space Shuttle Lift-Off model developed for potential Lift-Off Debris transport. A critical Lift-Off portion of the flight is defined from approximately 1.5 sec after SRB Ignition up to 'Tower Clear', where exhaust plume interactions with the Launch Pad occur. A CFD model containing the Space Shuttle and Launch Pad geometry has been constructed and executed. The CFD model works in conjunction with a debris particle transport model and a debris particle impact damage tolerance model. These models have been used to assess the effects of the Space Shuttle plumes, the wind environment, their interactions with the Launch Pad, and their ultimate effect on potential debris during Lift-Off. Emphasis in this paper is on potential debris that might be caught by the SRB plumes.

New fire-fighting water bucket is lifted by helicopter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

A NASA helicopter lifts a high-impact-resistant flexible plastic bucket that will be used for fire protection on property and buildings at Kennedy Space Center. Known as the 'Bambi' bucket, the 324-gallon container will also support the Fish and Wildlife Service for controlled burns plus any wild fires in the area.

Analysis of particulates on tape lift samples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moision, Robert M.; Chaney, John A.; Panetta, Chris J.; Liu, De-Ling

2014-09-01

Particle counts on tape lift samples taken from a hardware surface exceeded threshold requirements in six successive tests despite repeated cleaning of the surface. Subsequent analysis of the particle size distributions of the failed tests revealed that the handling and processing of the tape lift samples may have played a role in the test failures. In order to explore plausible causes for the observed size distribution anomalies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) were employed to perform chemical analysis on collected particulates. SEM/EDX identified Na and S containing particles on the hardware samples in a size range identified as being responsible for the test failures. ToF-SIMS was employed to further examine the Na and S containing particulates and identified the molecular signature of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates, a common surfactant used in industrial detergent. The root cause investigation suggests that the tape lift test failures originated from detergent residue left behind on the glass slides used to mount and transport the tape following sampling and not from the hardware surface.

29 CFR 1918.85 - Containerized cargo operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Containerized cargo operations. (a) Container markings. Every intermodal container shall be legibly and permanently marked with: (1) The weight of the container when empty, in pounds; (2) The maximum cargo weight... maximum cargo weight, in pounds. (b) Container weight. No container shall be hoisted by any lifting...

29 CFR 1918.85 - Containerized cargo operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Containerized cargo operations. (a) Container markings. Every intermodal container shall be legibly and permanently marked with: (1) The weight of the container when empty, in pounds; (2) The maximum cargo weight... maximum cargo weight, in pounds. (b) Container weight. No container shall be hoisted by any lifting...

29 CFR 1918.85 - Containerized cargo operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Containerized cargo operations. (a) Container markings. Every intermodal container shall be legibly and permanently marked with: (1) The weight of the container when empty, in pounds; (2) The maximum cargo weight... maximum cargo weight, in pounds. (b) Container weight. No container shall be hoisted by any lifting...

29 CFR 1918.85 - Containerized cargo operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Containerized cargo operations. (a) Container markings. Every intermodal container shall be legibly and permanently marked with: (1) The weight of the container when empty, in pounds; (2) The maximum cargo weight... maximum cargo weight, in pounds. (b) Container weight. No container shall be hoisted by any lifting...

29 CFR 1918.85 - Containerized cargo operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Containerized cargo operations. (a) Container markings. Every intermodal container shall be legibly and permanently marked with: (1) The weight of the container when empty, in pounds; (2) The maximum cargo weight... maximum cargo weight, in pounds. (b) Container weight. No container shall be hoisted by any lifting...

Use of prototype two-channel endoscope with elevator enables larger lift-and-snare endoscopic mucosal resection in a porcine model

PubMed Central

Atkinson, Matthew; Chukwumah, Chike; Marks, Jeffrey; Chak, Amitabh

2014-01-01

Background: Flat and depressed lesions are becoming increasingly recognized in the esophagus, stomach, and colon. Various techniques have been described for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of these lesions. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of lift-grasp-cut EMR using a prototype dual-channel forward-viewing endoscope with an instrument elevator in one accessory channel (dual-channel elevator scope) as compared to standard dual-channel endoscopes. Methods: EMR was performed using a lift-grasp-cut technique on normal flat rectosigmoid or gastric mucosa in live porcine models after submucosal injection of 4 mL of saline using a dual-channel elevator scope or a standard dual-channel endoscope. With the dual-channel elevator scope, the elevator was used to attain further lifting of the mucosa. The primary endpoint was size of the EMR specimen and the secondary endpoint was number of complications. Results: Twelve experiments were performed (six gastric and six colonic). Mean specimen diameter was 2.27 cm with the dual-channel elevator scope and 1.34 cm with the dual-channel endoscope (P = 0.018). Two colonic perforations occurred with the dual-channel endoscope, vs no complications with the dual-channel elevator scope. Conclusions: The increased lift of the mucosal epithelium, through use of the dual-channel elevator scope, allows for larger EMR when using a lift-grasp-cut technique. Noting the thin nature of the porcine colonic wall, use of the elevator may also make this technique safer. PMID:24760237

2005 ACGIH Lifting TLV: Employee-Friendly Presentation and Guidance for Professional Judgment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Splittstoesser, Riley; O'Farrell, Daniel Edward; Hill, John

The American Council of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Lifting Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) provide a tool to reduce incidence of low back and shoulder injuries. However, application of the TLV is too complicated for floor-level workers and relies on professional judgment to assess commonly encountered tasks. This paper presents an Employee-Friendly Simplified Format of the TLV that has been adapted from Table 1 of the Lifting TLV presented in the 2005 TLVs and BEIs Based on the Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents & Biological Exposure Indices. This simplified format can be employed bymore » floor-level workers to self-assess lifting tasks. The Ergonomics Project Team also provides research-based guidance for applying professional judgment consistent with standard industry practice: Extended Work Shifts – Reduce weight by 20% for shifts lasting 8 to 12 hours; Constrained Lower Body Posture – Reduce weight by 25% when lifting in such postures; Infrequently Performed Lifts – Lift up to 15 lbs. ≤3 lifts per hour within the zones marked “No safe limit for repetitive lifting” in the TLVs Table 1; Asymmetry beyond 30° – Reduce weight by 10 lbs. for lifts with up to 60° asymmetry from sagittal plane.« less

Evaluation of ergonomic physical risk factors in a truck manufacturing plant: case study in SCANIA Production Angers

PubMed Central

ZARE, Mohsen; MALINGE-OUDENOT, Agnes; HÖGLUND, Robert; BIAU, Sophie; ROQUELAURE, Yves

2015-01-01

The aims of this study were 1) to assess the ergonomic physical risk factors from practitioner’s viewpoint in a truck assembly plant with an in-house observational method and the NIOSH lifting equation, and 2) to compare the results of both methods and their differences. The in-house ergonomic observational method for truck assembly i.e. the SCANIA Ergonomics Standard (SES) and the NIOSH lifting equation were applied to evaluate physical risk factors and lifting of loads by operators. Both risk assessment approaches revealed various levels of risk, ranging from low to high. Two workstations were identified by the SES method as high risk. The NIOSH lifting index (LI) was greater than two for four lifting tasks. The results of the SES method disagreed with the NIOSH lifting equation for lifting tasks. Moreover, meaningful variations in ergonomic risk patterns were found for various truck models at each workstation. These results provide a better understanding of the physical ergonomic exposure from practitioner’s point of view in the automotive assembly plant. PMID:26423331

Evaluation of ergonomic physical risk factors in a truck manufacturing plant: case study in SCANIA Production Angers.

PubMed

Zare, Mohsen; Malinge-Oudenot, Agnes; Höglund, Robert; Biau, Sophie; Roquelaure, Yves

2016-01-01

The aims of this study were 1) to assess the ergonomic physical risk factors from practitioner's viewpoint in a truck assembly plant with an in-house observational method and the NIOSH lifting equation, and 2) to compare the results of both methods and their differences. The in-house ergonomic observational method for truck assembly i.e. the SCANIA Ergonomics Standard (SES) and the NIOSH lifting equation were applied to evaluate physical risk factors and lifting of loads by operators. Both risk assessment approaches revealed various levels of risk, ranging from low to high. Two workstations were identified by the SES method as high risk. The NIOSH lifting index (LI) was greater than two for four lifting tasks. The results of the SES method disagreed with the NIOSH lifting equation for lifting tasks. Moreover, meaningful variations in ergonomic risk patterns were found for various truck models at each workstation. These results provide a better understanding of the physical ergonomic exposure from practitioner's point of view in the automotive assembly plant.

Contraction-Only Exercise Machine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Doerr, Donald F.; Maples, Arthur B.; Campbell, Craig M.

1992-01-01

Standard knee-extension machine modified so subject experiences force only when lifting leg against stack of weights. Exerts little force on leg while being lowered. Hydraulic cylinder and reservoir mounted on frame of exercise machine. Fluid flows freely from cylinder to reservoir during contraction (lifting) but in constricted fashion from reservoir to cylinder during extension (lowering).

14 CFR 25.345 - High lift devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure Flight Maneuver and Gust Conditions § 25.345 High lift... level flight. Gust loads resulting on each part of the structure must be determined by rational analysis... prescribed in § 25.337(b); and (2) The discrete vertical gust criteria in § 25.341(a). (d) The airplane must...

14 CFR 25.345 - High lift devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure Flight Maneuver and Gust Conditions § 25.345 High lift... level flight. Gust loads resulting on each part of the structure must be determined by rational analysis... prescribed in § 25.337(b); and (2) The discrete vertical gust criteria in § 25.341(a). (d) The airplane must...

14 CFR 25.345 - High lift devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure Flight Maneuver and Gust Conditions § 25.345 High lift... level flight. Gust loads resulting on each part of the structure must be determined by rational analysis... prescribed in § 25.337(b); and (2) The discrete vertical gust criteria in § 25.341(a). (d) The airplane must...

14 CFR 25.699 - Lift and drag device indicator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 25... each lift or drag device having a separate control in the cockpit to adjust its position. In addition... controls must be clearly marked to identify this range of extension. [Amdt. 25-23, 35 FR 5675, Apr. 8, 1970] ...

14 CFR 25.699 - Lift and drag device indicator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 25... each lift or drag device having a separate control in the cockpit to adjust its position. In addition... controls must be clearly marked to identify this range of extension. [Amdt. 25-23, 35 FR 5675, Apr. 8, 1970] ...

14 CFR 25.699 - Lift and drag device indicator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 25... each lift or drag device having a separate control in the cockpit to adjust its position. In addition... controls must be clearly marked to identify this range of extension. [Amdt. 25-23, 35 FR 5675, Apr. 8, 1970] ...

Experiments in Free Fall

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Art, Albert

2006-01-01

A model lift containing a figure of Albert Einstein is released from the side of a tall building and its free fall is arrested by elastic ropes. This arrangement allows four simple experiments to be conducted in the lift to demonstrate the effects of free fall and show how they can lead to the concept of the equivalence of inertial and…

New fire-fighting water bucket is lifted from water for a demonstration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

A NASA helicopter lifts a high-impact-resistant flexible plastic bucket filled with water. The container will be used for fire protection on property and buildings at Kennedy Space Center.. Known as the 'Bambi' bucket, it will also support the Fish and Wildlife Service for controlled burns plus any wild fires in the area.

RF Properties of Epitaxial Lift-Off HEMT Devices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, Paul G.; Alterovitz, Samuel A.; Mena, Rafael A.; Smith, Edwyn D.

1993-01-01

Epitaxial layers containing GaAs HEMT and P-HEMT structures have been lifted-off the GaAs substrate and attached to other host substrates using an AlAs parting layer. The devices were on-wafer RF probed before and after the lift-off step showing no degradation in the measured S-parameters. The maximum stable gain indicates a low frequency enhancement of the gain of 1-2 dB with some devices showing an enhancement of F(sub max)F(sub T) consistently shows an increase of 12-20% for all lifted-off HEMT structures. Comparison of the Hall measurements and small signal models show that the gain is improved and this is most probably associated with an enhanced carrier concentration.

21 CFR 890.3930 - Wheelchair elevator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... for Safety—Collateral Standard: Electromagnetic Compatibility—Requirements and Tests,” and ASME A18.1 “Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and Stairway Chair Lifts”) must validate electromagnetic compatibility...

21 CFR 890.3930 - Wheelchair elevator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... for Safety—Collateral Standard: Electromagnetic Compatibility—Requirements and Tests,” and ASME A18.1 “Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and Stairway Chair Lifts”) must validate electromagnetic compatibility...

21 CFR 890.5150 - Powered patient transport.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Standard: Electromagnetic Compatibility—Requirements and Tests,” and ASME A18.1 “Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and Stairway Chair Lifts”) must validate electromagnetic compatibility and electrical safety...

21 CFR 890.5150 - Powered patient transport.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Standard: Electromagnetic Compatibility—Requirements and Tests,” and ASME A18.1 “Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and Stairway Chair Lifts”) must validate electromagnetic compatibility and electrical safety...

10 CFR 71.45 - Lifting and tie-down standards for all packages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... that failure of any lifting device under excessive load would not impair the ability of the package to... its yield strength, a static force applied to the center of gravity of the package having a vertical... package must be designed so that failure of the device under excessive load would not impair the ability...

10 CFR 71.45 - Lifting and tie-down standards for all packages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... that failure of any lifting device under excessive load would not impair the ability of the package to... its yield strength, a static force applied to the center of gravity of the package having a vertical... package must be designed so that failure of the device under excessive load would not impair the ability...

10 CFR 71.45 - Lifting and tie-down standards for all packages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... that failure of any lifting device under excessive load would not impair the ability of the package to... its yield strength, a static force applied to the center of gravity of the package having a vertical... package must be designed so that failure of the device under excessive load would not impair the ability...

10 CFR 71.45 - Lifting and tie-down standards for all packages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... that failure of any lifting device under excessive load would not impair the ability of the package to... its yield strength, a static force applied to the center of gravity of the package having a vertical... package must be designed so that failure of the device under excessive load would not impair the ability...

10 CFR 71.45 - Lifting and tie-down standards for all packages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... that failure of any lifting device under excessive load would not impair the ability of the package to... its yield strength, a static force applied to the center of gravity of the package having a vertical... package must be designed so that failure of the device under excessive load would not impair the ability...

49 CFR 37.42 - Service in an Integrated Setting to Passengers at Intercity, Commuter, and High-Speed Rail...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... plates, ramps or other appropriate devices; (4) Mini-high platforms, with multiple mini-high platforms or... chooses a means of meeting the performance standard other than using car-borne lifts, it must perform a comparison of the costs (capital, operating, and life-cycle costs) of car-borne lifts and the means chosen by...

49 CFR 37.42 - Service in an Integrated Setting to Passengers at Intercity, Commuter, and High-Speed Rail...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... plates, ramps or other appropriate devices; (4) Mini-high platforms, with multiple mini-high platforms or... chooses a means of meeting the performance standard other than using car-borne lifts, it must perform a comparison of the costs (capital, operating, and life-cycle costs) of car-borne lifts and the means chosen by...

49 CFR 37.42 - Service in an integrated setting to passengers at intercity, commuter, and high-speed rail...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... plates, ramps or other appropriate devices; (4) Mini-high platforms, with multiple mini-high platforms or... chooses a means of meeting the performance standard other than using car-borne lifts, it must perform a comparison of the costs (capital, operating, and life-cycle costs) of car-borne lifts and the means chosen by...

49 CFR 37.42 - Service in an Integrated Setting to Passengers at Intercity, Commuter, and High-Speed Rail...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... plates, ramps or other appropriate devices; (4) Mini-high platforms, with multiple mini-high platforms or... chooses a means of meeting the performance standard other than using car-borne lifts, it must perform a comparison of the costs (capital, operating, and life-cycle costs) of car-borne lifts and the means chosen by...

GOES-R Lift and Mate

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-11-09

A crane begins to lift the payload fairing containing NOAA's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R) at the Vertical Integration Facility at Space Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. GOES-R will be mated to the United Launch Alliance Atlas V Centaur upper stage in preparation for launch in November. GOES-R is the first satellite in a series of next-generation NOAA GOES Satellites.

Acceptance test procedure for the L-070 project mechanical equipment and instrumentation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Loll, C.M.

1996-04-19

This document contains the acceptance test procedure for the mechanical equipment and instrumentation installed per the L-070 Project. The specific system to be tested are the pump controls for the 3906 Lift Station and 350-A Lift Station. In addition, verification that signals are being received by the 300 Area Treated Effluent Disposal Facility control system, is also performed.

Freestanding and Reactive Thin Films Fabricated by Covalent Layer-by-Layer Assembly and Subsequent Lift-Off of Azlactone-Containing Polymer Multilayers

PubMed Central

Buck, Maren E.

2010-01-01

We report an approach to the fabrication of freestanding and amine-reactive thin films that is based on the reactive layer-by-layer assembly and subsequent lift-off of azlactone-containing polymer multilayers. We demonstrate that covalently crosslinked multilayers fabricated using the azlactone-functionalized polymer poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PVDMA) and a primary amine-containing polymer [poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI)] can be delaminated from planar glass and silicon surfaces by immersion in mildly acidic aqueous environments to yield flexible freestanding membranes. These freestanding membranes are robust and can withstand exposure to strong acid, strong base, or incubation in high ionic strength solutions that typically lead to the disruption and erosion of polymer multilayers assembled by reversible weak interactions (e.g., ‘polyelectrolyte multilayers’ assembled by electrostatic interactions or hydrogen bonding). We demonstrate further that these PEI/PVDMA assemblies contain residual reactive azlactone functionality that can be exploited to chemically modify the films (either directly after fabrication or after they have been lifted off of the substrates on which they were fabricated) using a variety of amine-functionalized small molecules. These freestanding membranes can also be transferred readily onto other objects (for example, onto the surfaces of planar substrates containing holes or pores) to fabricate suspended polymer membranes and other film-functionalized interfaces. In addition to planar, two-dimensional freestanding films, this approach can be used to fabricate and isolate three-dimensional freestanding membranes (e.g., curved films or tubes) by layer-by-layer assembly on, and subsequent lift-off from, the surfaces of topologically complex substrates (e.g., the curved ends of glass tubing, etc.). The results of this investigation, when combined, suggest the basis of methods for the fabrication of stable, chemically-reactive, and flexible polymer thin films and membranes of potential utility in a variety of fundamental and applied contexts. PMID:20857952

Electrostatic demonstration of free-fall weightlessness

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balukovic, Jasmina; Slisko, Josip; Corona Cruz, Adrian

2015-05-01

The phenomena of free-fall weightlessness have been demonstrated to students for many years in a number of different ways. The essential basis of all these demonstrations is the fact that in free-falling, gravitationally accelerated systems, the weight force and weight-related forces (for example, friction and hydrostatic forces) disappear. In this article, an original electrostatic demonstration of weightlessness is presented. A charged balloon fixed at the opening of a plastic container cannot lift a light styrofoam sphere sitting on the bottom when the container is at rest. However, while the system is in free-fall, the sphere becomes weightless and the charged balloon is able to lift it electrostatically.

Visual perception of fatigued lifting actions.

PubMed

Fischer, Steven L; Albert, Wayne J; McGarry, Tim

2012-12-01

Fatigue-related changes in lifting kinematics may expose workers to undue injury risks. Early detection of accumulating fatigue offers the prospect of intervention strategies to mitigate such fatigue-related risks. In a first step towards this objective, this study investigated whether fatigue detection was accessible to visual perception and, if so, what was the key visual information required for successful fatigue discrimination. Eighteen participants were tasked with identifying fatigued lifts when viewing 24 trials presented using both video and point-light representations. Each trial comprised a pair of lifting actions containing a fresh and a fatigued lift from the same individual presented in counter-balanced sequence. Confidence intervals demonstrated that the frequency of correct responses for both sexes exceeded chance expectations (50%) for both video (68%±12%) and point-light representations (67%±10%), demonstrating that fatigued lifting kinematics are open to visual perception. There were no significant differences between sexes or viewing condition, the latter result indicating kinematic dynamics as providing sufficient information for successful fatigue discrimination. Moreover, results from single viewer investigation reported fatigue detection (75%) from point-light information describing only the kinematics of the box lifted. These preliminary findings may have important workplace applications if fatigue discrimination rates can be improved upon through future research. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Non-contact online thickness measurement system for metal films based on eddy current sensing with distance tracking technique.

PubMed

Li, Wei; Wang, Hongbo; Feng, Zhihua

2016-04-01

This paper proposes an online, non-contact metal film thickness measurement system based on eddy current sensing. The slope of the lift-off curve (LOC) is used for characterizing target thickness. Theoretical derivation was conducted to prove that the slope is independent of the lift-off variation. In practice, the measurement has some immunity to the lift-off, but not perfect. The slope of LOC is still affected at some extent by the lift-off. Hence, a height tracking system was also proposed, which could stabilize the distance between the sensor and the target and significantly reduce the lift-off effect. The height tracking system contains a specially designed probe, which could vibrate rapidly to obtain a fast measurement speed, and its height can be adjusted up and down continuously to stabilize the lift-off. The sensor coil in the thickness measurement system was also used as the height sensor in the height tracking system. Several experiments were conducted to test the system performances under static and dynamic conditions. This measurement system demonstrated significant advantages, such as simple and clear conversion between the slope of LOC and target thickness, high resolution and stability, and minimized effect of lift-off variation.

Development of the Perception of Object Containment in 9- to 16-Month-Olds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dejonckheere, Peter J. N.; Smitsman, Ad W.; Deneve, Leni Verhofstadt

2006-01-01

In the present study, 9-, 12- and 16-month-old infants were familiarized to a block that was repeatedly lowered into a container and lifted from that container again. In the subsequent test phase, the block passed through the container opening either without making contact with the container rim or colliding with the rim in three places but…

Controlling the Flow past a Semicircular Airfoil at Zero Angle of Attack Using Slot Suction in One or Two Vortex Cells for Attaining Extremal Lift

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Isaev, S. A.; Baranov, P. A.; Sudakov, A. G.; Popov, I. A.; Usachov, A. E.

2017-12-01

Calculations using multiblock computational technologies and a model of shear-stress transport modified with allowance for the curvature of streamlines in turbulent airflow were performed at a zero angle of attack for a semicircular airfoil containing one or two surface vortex cells with slot suction. The results showed evidence of stabilization of a nearly undetached flow and attainment of an extremal lift of C y = 5.2 and a lift-to-drag ratio of K = 24 with allowance for energy losses for suction in the vortex cells.

Feasibility study of negative lift circumferential type seal for helicopter transmissions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goldring, E. N.

1977-01-01

A new seal concept, the negative lift circumferential type seal, was evaluated under simulated helicopter transmission conditions. The bore of the circumferential seal contains step type geometry which produces a negative lift that urges the sealing segments towards the shaft surface. The seal size was a 2.5 inch bore and the test speeds were 7000 and 14,250 rpm. During the 300 hour test at typical transmission seal pressure (to 2 psig) the leakage was within acceptable limits and generally less than 0.1 cc/hour during the last 150 hours of testing. The wear to the carbon segments during the 300 hours was negligible.

Conventional curing practices reduce generic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. on dry bulb onions produced with contaminated irrigation water.

PubMed

Emch, Alexander W; Waite-Cusic, Joy G

2016-02-01

Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) has emphasized microbial risks associated with irrigation water. Treasure Valley (eastern Oregon/western Idaho) has the highest yield of dry bulb onions in the country; however, their irrigation water is often non-compliant with current industry and proposed federal standards for fresh produce. Conventional curing practices may provide a mechanism to mitigate irrigation water quality to comply with FSMA regulations. Dry bulb onions were grown in Owyhee silt loam and Semiahmoo muck soils in greenhouses and irrigated with water containing a cocktail of rifampicin-resistant generic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. (4.80 log CFU/ml). To mimic conventional practices, mature onions remained undisturbed in soil without irrigation for 12 days prior to being lifted and cured for 16 additional days. Surviving generic E. coli and Salmonella spp. were selectively enumerated on using standard plating (Hektoen Enteric Agar with rifampicin; HE + rif) or most probable number (lactose broth with rifampicin; HE + rif) methods. Generic E. coli and Salmonella spp. on onions decreased 0.19-0.26 log CFU/g·d during the initial 12 days of finishing. At lifting, generic E. coli and Salmonella spp. had been reduced to <1 CFU/g and persisted through the end of curing. This study demonstrates conventional curing practices as an effective mitigation strategy for dry bulb onions produced with water of poor microbiological quality. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cold-forceps avulsion with adjuvant snare-tip soft coagulation (CAST) is an effective and safe strategy for the management of non-lifting large laterally spreading colonic lesions.

PubMed

Tate, David J; Bahin, Farzan F; Desomer, Lobke; Sidhu, Mayenaaz; Gupta, Vikas; Bourke, Michael J

2018-01-01

 Non-lifting large laterally spreading colorectal lesions (LSLs) are challenging to resect endoscopically and often necessitate surgery. A safe, simple technique to treat non-lifting LSLs endoscopically with robust long-term outcomes has not been described.  In this single-center prospective observational study of consecutive patients referred for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of LSLs ≥ 20 mm, LSLs not completely resectable by snare because of non-lifting underwent standardized completion of resection with cold-forceps avulsion and adjuvant snare-tip soft coagulation (CAST). Scheduled surveillance colonoscopies were performed at 4 - 6 months (SC1) and 18 months (SC2). Primary outcomes were endoscopic evidence of adenoma clearance and avoidance of surgery. The secondary outcome was safety.  From January 2012 to October 2016, 540 lifting LSLs (82.2 %) underwent complete snare excision at EMR. CAST was required for complete removal in 101 non-lifting LSLs (17.8 %): 63 naïve non-lifting lesions (NNLs; 62.7 %) and 38 previously attempted non-lifting lesions (PANLs; 37.3 %). PANLs were smaller ( P  < 0.001) and more likely to be non-granular ( P  = 0.001) than the lifting LSLs. NNLs were of similar size ( P  = 0.77) and morphology ( P  = 0.10) to the lifting LSLs. CAST was successful in all cases and adverse events were comparable to lifting LSLs resected by complete snare excision. Recurrence at SC1 was comparable for PANLs (15.2 %) and lifting LSLs (15.3 %; P  = 0.99), whereas NNLs recurred more frequently (27.5 %; P  = 0.049); however, surgery was no more common for either type of non-lifting LSL than for lifting LSLs.  CAST is a safe, effective, and surgery-sparing therapy for the majority of non-lifting LSLs. It is easy to use, inexpensive, and does not require additional equipment. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Hybrid state vector methods for structural dynamic and aeroelastic boundary value problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lehman, L. L.

1982-01-01

A computational technique is developed that is suitable for performing preliminary design aeroelastic and structural dynamic analyses of large aspect ratio lifting surfaces. The method proves to be quite general and can be adapted to solving various two point boundary value problems. The solution method, which is applicable to both fixed and rotating wing configurations, is based upon a formulation of the structural equilibrium equations in terms of a hybrid state vector containing generalized force and displacement variables. A mixed variational formulation is presented that conveniently yields a useful form for these state vector differential equations. Solutions to these equations are obtained by employing an integrating matrix method. The application of an integrating matrix provides a discretization of the differential equations that only requires solutions of standard linear matrix systems. It is demonstrated that matrix partitioning can be used to reduce the order of the required solutions. Results are presented for several example problems in structural dynamics and aeroelasticity to verify the technique and to demonstrate its use. These problems examine various types of loading and boundary conditions and include aeroelastic analyses of lifting surfaces constructed from anisotropic composite materials.

Development of Facial Rejuvenation Procedures: Thirty Years of Clinical Experience with Face Lifts

PubMed Central

Kim, Byung Jun; Choi, Jun Ho

2015-01-01

Facial rejuvenation procedures can be roughly divided into face lift surgery and nonoperative, less invasive procedures, such as fat grafts, fillers, botulinum toxin injections, thread lifts, or laserbrasion. Face lift surgery or rhytidectomy is the procedure most directly associated with rejuvenation, due to its fundamental ability to restore the anatomical changes caused by aging. Various methods of face lift surgery have been developed over the last hundred years, thanks to advances in the understanding of facial anatomy and the mechanisms of aging, as well as the dedication of innovative surgeons. However, no generally applicable standard method exists, because the condition of each patient is different, and each operative method has advantages and disadvantages. Specific characteristics of the skin of Asians and their skeletal anatomy should be considered when determining the operative method to be used on Asian patients. Plastic surgeons should improve their ability to analyze the original aesthetic properties and problem areas of each patient, drawing on scientific knowledge about the aging process, and they should develop the skills necessary to perform various rejuvenative techniques. In the present article, we reviewed various face lift procedures and the current methods of modified double plane face lift, based on our clinical experience of over 30 years. PMID:26430622

GOES-R Lift and Mate

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-11-09

A crane is used to lift the payload fairing containing NOAA's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R) at the Vertical Integration Facility at Space Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. GOES-R will be mated to the United Launch Alliance Atlas V Centaur upper stage in preparation for launch in November. GOES-R is the first satellite in a series of next-generation NOAA GOES Satellites.

51. INTERIOR VIEW LOOKING SOUTH AT THE NUMBER TWO FRENIER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

51. INTERIOR VIEW LOOKING SOUTH AT THE NUMBER TWO FRENIER PUMP. THE PIPE TO THE RIGHT OF THE PUMP BOX IS THE LIFT FROM THE NUMBER ONE PUMP, THE PIPE TO THE LOWER RIGHT OF CENTER IS WATER SUPPLY AND THE PIPE FROM THE CENTER OF THE BOX IS THE LIFT TO PUMP NUMBER THREE. - Standard Gold Mill, East of Bodie Creek, Northeast of Bodie, Bodie, Mono County, CA

15 CFR 30.26 - Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... vehicles, trailers, pallets, cargo vans, lift vans, or similar shipping containers are not considered... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers. 30.26 Section 30.26 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations...

15 CFR 30.26 - Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... vehicles, trailers, pallets, cargo vans, lift vans, or similar shipping containers are not considered... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers. 30.26 Section 30.26 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations...

15 CFR 30.26 - Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... vehicles, trailers, pallets, cargo vans, lift vans, or similar shipping containers are not considered... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers. 30.26 Section 30.26 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations...

15 CFR 30.26 - Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... vehicles, trailers, pallets, cargo vans, lift vans, or similar shipping containers are not considered... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers. 30.26 Section 30.26 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations...

15 CFR 30.26 - Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... vehicles, trailers, pallets, cargo vans, lift vans, or similar shipping containers are not considered... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers. 30.26 Section 30.26 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations...

Lift cruise fan V/STOL aircraft conceptual design study T-39 modification. Volume 1: Technical report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Elliott, D. W.

1976-01-01

The conversion of two T-39 aircraft into lift cruise fan research and technology vehicles is discussed. The concept is based upon modifying the T-39A (NA265-40) Sabreliner airframe into a V/STOL configuration by incorporating two LCF-459 lift cruise fans and three YJ-97 gas generators. The propulsion concept provides the thrust for horizontal flight or lift for vertical flight by deflection of bifurcated nozzles while maintaining engine out safety throughout the flight envelope. The configuration meets all the study requirements specified for the design with control powers in VTOL and conversion in excess of the requirement making it an excellent vehicle for research and development. The study report consists of two volumes; Volume 1 (Reference a) contains background data detailed description and technical substantiation of the aircraft. Volume 2 includes cost data, scheduling and program planning not addressed in Volume 1.

Analysis of offshore platforms lifting with fixed pile structure type (fixed platform) based on ASD89

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sugianto, Agus; Indriani, Andi Marini

2017-11-01

Platform construction GTS (Gathering Testing Sattelite) is offshore construction platform with fix pile structure type/fixed platform functioning to support the mining of petroleum exploitation. After construction fabrication process platform was moved to barges, then shipped to the installation site. Moving process is generally done by pull or push based on construction design determined when planning. But at the time of lifting equipment/cranes available in the work area then the moving process can be done by lifting so that moving activity can be implemented more quickly of work. This analysis moving process of GTS platform in a different way that is generally done to GTS platform types by lifting using problem is construction reinforcement required, so the construction can be moved by lifting with analyzing and checking structure working stress that occurs due to construction moving process by lifting AISC code standard and analysis using the SAP2000 structure analysis program. The analysis result showed that existing condition cannot be moved by lifting because stress ratio is above maximum allowable value that is 0.950 (AISC-ASD89). Overstress occurs on the member 295 and 324 with stress ratio value 0.97 and 0.95 so that it is required structural reinforcement. Box plate aplication at both members so that it produces stress ratio values 0.78 at the member 295 and stress ratio of 0.77 at the member 324. These results indicate that the construction have qualified structural reinforcement for being moved by lifting.

GOES-R Lift and Mate

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-11-09

A view from high up inside the Vertical Integration Facility at Space Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. A crane lifts the payload fairing containing NOAA's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R) for mating to the United Launch Alliance Atlas V Centaur upper stage. The satellite will launch aboard the Atlas V rocket in November. GOES-R is the first satellite in a series of next-generation NOAA GOES Satellites.

Space Shuttle and Launch Pad Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Lift-off Debris Transport Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dougherty, Sam; West, Jeff; Droege, Alan; Wilson, Josh; Liever, Peter; Slaby, Matthew

2006-01-01

This paper discusses the Space Shuttle Lift-off CFD model developed for potential Lift-off Debris transport for return-to-flight. The Lift-off portion of the flight is defined as the time starting with tanking of propellants until tower clear, approximately T0+6 seconds, where interactions with the launch pad cease. A CFD model containing the Space Shuttle and launch Pad geometry has been constructed and executed. Simplifications required in the construction of the model are presented and discussed. A body-fitted overset grid of up to 170 million grid points was developed which allowed positioning of the Vehicle relative to the Launch Pad over the first six seconds of Climb-Out. The CFD model works in conjunction with a debris particle transport model and a debris particle impact damage tolerance model. These models have been used to assess the interactions of the Space Shuttle plumes, the wind environment, and their interactions with each other and the Launch Pad and their ultimate effect on potential debris during Lift-off.

Contributions to HiLiftPW-3 Using Structured, Overset Grid Methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coder, James G.; Pulliam, Thomas H.; Jensen, James C.

2018-01-01

The High-Lift Common Research Model (HL-CRM) and the JAXA Standard Model (JSM) were analyzed computationally using both the OVERFLOW and LAVA codes for the third AIAA High-Lift Prediction Workshop. Geometry descriptions and the test cases simulated are described. With the HL-CRM, the effects of surface smoothness during grid projection and the effect of partially sealing a flap gap were studied. Grid refinement studies were performed at two angles of attack using both codes. For the JSM, simulations were performed with and without the nacelle/pylon. Without the nacelle/pylon, evidence of multiple solutions was observed when a quadratic constitutive relation is used in the turbulence modeling; however, using time-accurate simulation seemed to alleviate this issue. With the nacelle/pylon, no evidence of multiple solutions was observed. Laminar-turbulent transition modeling was applied to both JSM configuration, and had an overall favorable impact on the lift predictions.

Back muscle strength, lifting, and stooped working postures.

PubMed

Poulsen, E; Jørgensen, K

1971-09-01

When lifting loads and working in a forward stooped position, the muscles of the back rather than the ligaments and bony structures of the spine should overcome the gravitational forces. Formulae, based on measurements of back muscle strength, for prediction of maximal loads to be lifted, and for the ability to sustain work in a stooped position, have been worked out and tested in practical situations. From tests with 50 male and female subjects the simplest prediction formulae for maximum loads were: max. load = 1.10 x isometric back muscle strength for men; and max. load = 0.95 x isometric back muscle strength - 8 kg for women. Some standard values for maximum lifts and permissible single and repeated lifts have been calculated for men and women separately and are given in Table 1. From tests with 65 rehabilitees it was found that the maximum isometric strength of the back muscles measured at shoulder height should exceed 2/3 of the body weight, if fatigue and/or pain in the back muscles is to be avoided during work in a standing stooped position.

Aerodynamics of High-Lift Configuration Civil Aircraft Model in JAXA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yokokawa, Yuzuru; Murayama, Mitsuhiro; Ito, Takeshi; Yamamoto, Kazuomi

This paper presents basic aerodynamics and stall characteristics of the high-lift configuration aircraft model JSM (JAXA Standard Model). During research process of developing high-lift system design method, wind tunnel testing at JAXA 6.5m by 5.5m low-speed wind tunnel and Navier-Stokes computation on unstructured hybrid mesh were performed for a realistic configuration aircraft model equipped with high-lift devices, fuselage, nacelle-pylon, slat tracks and Flap Track Fairings (FTF), which was assumed 100 passenger class modern commercial transport aircraft. The testing and the computation aimed to understand flow physics and then to obtain some guidelines for designing a high performance high-lift system. As a result of the testing, Reynolds number effects within linear region and stall region were observed. Analysis of static pressure distribution and flow visualization gave the knowledge to understand the aerodynamic performance. CFD could capture the whole characteristics of basic aerodynamics and clarify flow mechanism which governs stall characteristics even for complicated geometry and its flow field. This collaborative work between wind tunnel testing and CFD is advantageous for improving or has improved the aerodynamic performance.

Microwave heating apparatus and method

DOEpatents

Johnson, Andrew J.; Petersen, Robert D.; Swanson, Stephen D.

1990-01-01

An apparatus is provided for heating and melting materials using microwave energy, and for permitting them to solidify. The apparatus includes a microwave energy source, a resonant cavity having an opening in its floor, a microwave energy choke encompassing the opening in the floor of the cavity, a metal container to hold the materials to be heated and melted, a turntable, and a lift-table. During operation, the combined action of the turntable and the lift-table position the metal container so that the top of the container is level with the floor of the cavity, is in substantial registration with the floor opening, and is encompassed by the microwave energy choke; thus, during operation, the interior of the container defines part of the resonant cavity. Additionally, a screw feeder, extending into the cavity and sheltered from microwave energy by a conveyor choke, may convey the materials to be heated to the container. Also, preferably, the floor of the resonant cavity may include perforatins, so that the offgases and dust generated in the apparatus may be removed from the resonant cavity by pulling outside air between the container choke and the exterior wall of the container into the resonant cavity and out from the cavity through the perforations.

Wind Tunnel Testing of Powered Lift, All-Wing STOL Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Collins, Scott W.; Westra, Bryan W.; Lin, John C.; Jones, Gregory S.; Zeune, Cal H.

2008-01-01

Short take-off and landing (STOL) systems can offer significant capabilities to warfighters and, for civil operators thriving on maximizing efficiencies they can improve airspace use while containing noise within airport environments. In order to provide data for next generation systems, a wind tunnel test of an all-wing cruise efficient, short take-off and landing (CE STOL) configuration was conducted in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center (LaRC) 14- by 22-foot Subsonic Wind Tunnel. The test s purpose was to mature the aerodynamic aspects of an integrated powered lift system within an advanced mobility configuration capable of CE STOL. The full-span model made use of steady flap blowing and a lifting centerbody to achieve high lift coefficients. The test occurred during April through June of 2007 and included objectives for advancing the state-of-the-art of powered lift testing through gathering force and moment data, on-body pressure data, and off-body flow field measurements during automatically controlled blowing conditions. Data were obtained for variations in model configuration, angles of attack and sideslip, blowing coefficient, and height above ground. The database produced by this effort is being used to advance design techniques and computational tools for developing systems with integrated powered lift technologies.

Mechanical load on the low back and shoulders during pushing and pulling of two-wheeled waste containers compared with lifting and carrying of bags and bins.

PubMed

Schibye, B; Søgaard, K; Martinsen, D; Klausen, K

2001-08-01

Compare the mechanical load on the low back and shoulders during pushing and pulling a two-wheeled container with the load during lifting and carrying the same amount of waste. Only little is known about risk factors and mechanical loads during push/pull operations. A complete 2(3) factor push/pull experiment. A two-wheeled container with 25 or 50 kg was pushed in front of and pulled behind the body by seven waste collectors. Further, the same subjects lifted and carried a paper bag and a dustbin both loaded with 7 and 25 kg. All operations were video recorded and the push/pull force was measured by means of a three-dimensional force transducer. Peak Motus and Watbak software were used for digitising and calculation of torque at L4/L5 and the shoulder joints and compression and shear forces at L4/L5. During pushing and pulling the compression at L4/L5 is from 605 to 1445 N. The extension torque at L4/L5 produced by the push/pull force is counteracted by the forward leaning of the upper body. The shear force is below 202 N in all situations. The torque at the shoulders is between 1 and 38 Nm. In the present experiments the torques at the low back and the shoulders are low during pushing and pulling. No relation exists between the size of the external force and the torque at the low back and the shoulder. Pushing and pulling are common in many workplaces and have often replaced lifting and carrying situations. This has emphasised the need for more knowledge of the internal mechanical load on the body during these activities.

Automation of workplace lifting hazard assessment for musculoskeletal injury prevention.

PubMed

Spector, June T; Lieblich, Max; Bao, Stephen; McQuade, Kevin; Hughes, Margaret

2014-01-01

Existing methods for practically evaluating musculoskeletal exposures such as posture and repetition in workplace settings have limitations. We aimed to automate the estimation of parameters in the revised United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lifting equation, a standard manual observational tool used to evaluate back injury risk related to lifting in workplace settings, using depth camera (Microsoft Kinect) and skeleton algorithm technology. A large dataset (approximately 22,000 frames, derived from six subjects) of simultaneous lifting and other motions recorded in a laboratory setting using the Kinect (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, United States) and a standard optical motion capture system (Qualysis, Qualysis Motion Capture Systems, Qualysis AB, Sweden) was assembled. Error-correction regression models were developed to improve the accuracy of NIOSH lifting equation parameters estimated from the Kinect skeleton. Kinect-Qualysis errors were modelled using gradient boosted regression trees with a Huber loss function. Models were trained on data from all but one subject and tested on the excluded subject. Finally, models were tested on three lifting trials performed by subjects not involved in the generation of the model-building dataset. Error-correction appears to produce estimates for NIOSH lifting equation parameters that are more accurate than those derived from the Microsoft Kinect algorithm alone. Our error-correction models substantially decreased the variance of parameter errors. In general, the Kinect underestimated parameters, and modelling reduced this bias, particularly for more biased estimates. Use of the raw Kinect skeleton model tended to result in falsely high safe recommended weight limits of loads, whereas error-corrected models gave more conservative, protective estimates. Our results suggest that it may be possible to produce reasonable estimates of posture and temporal elements of tasks such as task frequency in an automated fashion, although these findings should be confirmed in a larger study. Further work is needed to incorporate force assessments and address workplace feasibility challenges. We anticipate that this approach could ultimately be used to perform large-scale musculoskeletal exposure assessment not only for research but also to provide real-time feedback to workers and employers during work method improvement activities and employee training.

Portable atomic frequency standard based on coherent population trapping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Fan; Yang, Renfu; Nian, Feng; Zhang, Zhenwei; Cui, Yongshun; Zhao, Huan; Wang, Nuanrang; Feng, Keming

2015-05-01

In this work, a portable atomic frequency standard based on coherent population trapping is designed and demonstrated. To achieve a portable prototype, in the system, a single transverse mode 795nm VCSEL modulated by a 3.4GHz RF source is used as a pump laser which generates coherent light fields. The pump beams pass through a vapor cell containing atom gas and buffer gas. This vapor cell is surrounded by a magnetic shield and placed inside a solenoid which applies a longitudinal magnetic field to lift the Zeeman energy levels' degeneracy and to separate the resonance signal, which has no first-order magnetic field dependence, from the field-dependent resonances. The electrical control system comprises two control loops. The first one locks the laser wavelength to the minimum of the absorption spectrum; the second one locks the modulation frequency and output standard frequency. Furthermore, we designed the micro physical package and realized the locking of a coherent population trapping atomic frequency standard portable prototype successfully. The short-term frequency stability of the whole system is measured to be 6×10-11 for averaging times of 1s, and reaches 5×10-12 at an averaging time of 1000s.

Heavy-lifting of gauge theories by cosmic inflation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Soubhik; Sundrum, Raman

2018-05-01

Future measurements of primordial non-Gaussianity can reveal cosmologically produced particles with masses of order the inflationary Hubble scale and their interactions with the inflaton, giving us crucial insights into the structure of fundamental physics at extremely high energies. We study gauge-Higgs theories that may be accessible in this regime, carefully imposing the constraints of gauge symmetry and its (partial) Higgsing. We distinguish two types of Higgs mechanisms: (i) a standard one in which the Higgs scale is constant before and after inflation, where the particles observable in non-Gaussianities are far heavier than can be accessed by laboratory experiments, perhaps associated with gauge unification, and (ii) a "heavy-lifting" mechanism in which couplings to curvature can result in Higgs scales of order the Hubble scale during inflation while reducing to far lower scales in the current era, where they may now be accessible to collider and other laboratory experiments. In the heavy-lifting option, renormalization-group running of terrestrial measurements yield predictions for cosmological non-Gaussianities. If the heavy-lifted gauge theory suffers a hierarchy problem, such as does the Standard Model, confirming such predictions would demonstrate a striking violation of the Naturalness Principle. While observing gauge-Higgs sectors in non-Gaussianities will be challenging given the constraints of cosmic variance, we show that it may be possible with reasonable precision given favorable couplings to the inflationary dynamics.

Effect of kinetically altering a repetition via the use of chain resistance on velocity during the bench press.

PubMed

Baker, Daniel G; Newton, Robert U

2009-10-01

It is theorized that the force and velocity profile of a repetition performed during a standard barbell exercise may be altered by substituting suspended chains for some portion of the total resistance. The purpose of this study was to document the alterations in lifting velocity that occur when the bench press exercise is performed as standard (BP) or with the substitution of resistance via chains draped over the barbell (BP+CH). Thirteen professional rugby league players participated in this study as part of their usual training program. Each subject performed 2 sets of 3 repetitions under the following conditions: The BP+CH condition, where the barbell resistance of 60% 1RM (repetition maximum) was supplemented by 17.5-kg in chains draped over the barbell (total resistance was about 75% 1RM), and the BP condition, where the total resistance was the same but was constituted in the form of standard barbell weights. The BP+CH condition resulted in increases in mean and peak concentric lifting velocities of around 10% in both sets as compared to both BP sets. Eccentric peak velocities were more varied in response, but generally the addition of chain resistance could be said to allow for increased velocities. The result may be partially explained by the eccentric unloading that occurs as the chain links furl upon the floor in the latter stages of the eccentric range. This eccentric unloading precipitates a more rapid stretch-shorten cycle (SSC) transition and possibly a within-repetition postactivation potentiation (PAP) that allows the subject to utilize faster lifting velocities in the initial concentric portion, which flow through to the remainder of the concentric phase. Therefore the use of chains appears warranted when athletes need to lift heavy resistances explosively.

EFFECT OF HEEL LIFTS ON PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT STRESS DURING RUNNING.

PubMed

Mestelle, Zachary; Kernozek, Thomas; Adkins, Kelly S; Miller, Jessica; Gheidi, Naghmeh

2017-10-01

Patellofemoral pain is a debilitating injury for many recreational runners. Excessive patellofemoral joint stress may be the underlying source of pain and interventions often focus on ways to reduce patellofemoral joint stress. Heel lifts have been used as an intervention within Achilles tendon rehabilitation programs and to address leg length discrepancies. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of running with heel lifts on patellofemoral joint stress, patellofemoral stress impulse, quadriceps force, step length, cadence, and other related kinematic and spatiotemporal variables. A repeated-measures research design. Sixteen healthy female runners completed five running trials in a controlled laboratory setting with and without 11mm heel lifts inserted in a standard running shoe. Kinetic and kinematic data were used in combination with a static optimization technique to estimate individual muscle forces. These data were inserted into a patellofemoral joint model which was used to estimate patellofemoral joint stress and other variables during running. When running with heel lifts, peak patellofemoral joint stress and patellofemoral stress impulse were reduced by a 4.2% (p=0.049) and 9.3% (p=0.002). Initial center of pressure was shifted anteriorly 9.1% when running with heel lifts (p<0.001) despite all runners utilizing a heel strike pattern. Dorsiflexion at initial contact was reduced 28% (p=0.016) when heel lifts were donned. No differences in step length and cadence (p>0.05) were shown between conditions. Heel lift use resulted in decreased patellofemoral joint stress and impulse without associated changes in step length or frequency, or other variables shown to influence patellofemoral joint stress. The center of pressure at initial contact was also more anterior using heel lifts. The use of heel lifts may have therapeutic benefits for runners with patellofemoral pain if the primary goal is to reduce patellofemoral joint stress. 3b.

Forearm Torque and Lifting Strength: Normative Data.

PubMed

Axelsson, Peter; Fredrikson, Per; Nilsson, Anders; Andersson, Jonny K; Kärrholm, Johan

2018-02-10

To establish reference values for new methods designed to quantitatively measure forearm torque and lifting strength and to compare these values with grip strength. A total of 499 volunteers, 262 males and 237 females, aged 15 to 85 (mean, 44) years, were tested for lifting strength and forearm torque with the Kern and Baseline dynamometers. These individuals were also tested for grip strength with a Jamar dynamometer. Standardized procedures were used and information about sex, height, weight, hand dominance, and whether their work involved high or low manual strain was collected. Men had approximately 70% higher forearm torque and lifting strength compared with females. Male subjects aged 26 to 35 years and female subjects aged 36 to 45 years showed highest strength values. In patients with dominant right side, 61% to 78% had a higher or equal strength on this side in the different tests performed. In patients with dominant left side, the corresponding proportions varied between 41% and 65%. There was a high correlation between grip strength and forearm torque and lifting strength. Sex, body height, body weight, and age showed a significant correlation to the strength measurements. In a multiple regression model sex, age (entered as linear and squared) could explain 51% to 63% of the total variances of forearm torque strength and 30% to 36% of lifting strength. Reference values for lifting strength and forearm torque to be used in clinical practice were acquired. Grip strength has a high correlation to forearm torque and lifting strength. Sex, age, and height can be used to predict forearm torque and lifting strength. Prediction equations using these variables were generated. Normative data of forearm torque and lifting strength might improve the quality of assessment of wrist and forearm disorders as well as their treatments. Copyright © 2018 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

EFFECT OF HEEL LIFTS ON PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT STRESS DURING RUNNING

PubMed Central

Mestelle, Zachary; Kernozek, Thomas; Adkins, Kelly S.; Miller, Jessica; Gheidi, Naghmeh

2017-01-01

Background Patellofemoral pain is a debilitating injury for many recreational runners. Excessive patellofemoral joint stress may be the underlying source of pain and interventions often focus on ways to reduce patellofemoral joint stress. Purpose Heel lifts have been used as an intervention within Achilles tendon rehabilitation programs and to address leg length discrepancies. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of running with heel lifts on patellofemoral joint stress, patellofemoral stress impulse, quadriceps force, step length, cadence, and other related kinematic and spatiotemporal variables. Study Design A repeated-measures research design Methods Sixteen healthy female runners completed five running trials in a controlled laboratory setting with and without 11mm heel lifts inserted in a standard running shoe. Kinetic and kinematic data were used in combination with a static optimization technique to estimate individual muscle forces. These data were inserted into a patellofemoral joint model which was used to estimate patellofemoral joint stress and other variables during running. Results When running with heel lifts, peak patellofemoral joint stress and patellofemoral stress impulse were reduced by a 4.2% (p=0.049) and 9.3% (p=0.002). Initial center of pressure was shifted anteriorly 9.1% when running with heel lifts (p<0.001) despite all runners utilizing a heel strike pattern. Dorsiflexion at initial contact was reduced 28% (p=0.016) when heel lifts were donned. No differences in step length and cadence (p>0.05) were shown between conditions. Conclusions Heel lift use resulted in decreased patellofemoral joint stress and impulse without associated changes in step length or frequency, or other variables shown to influence patellofemoral joint stress. The center of pressure at initial contact was also more anterior using heel lifts. The use of heel lifts may have therapeutic benefits for runners with patellofemoral pain if the primary goal is to reduce patellofemoral joint stress. Level of Evidence 3b PMID:29181248

Mobile/Modular BSL-4 Facilities for Meeting Restricted Earth Return Containment Requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Calaway, M. J.; McCubbin, F. M.; Allton, J. H.; Zeigler, R. A.; Pace, L. F.

2017-01-01

NASA robotic sample return missions designated Category V Restricted Earth Return by the NASA Planetary Protection Office require sample containment and biohazard testing in a receiving laboratory as directed by NASA Procedural Requirement (NPR) 8020.12D - ensuring the preservation and protection of Earth and the sample. Currently, NPR 8020.12D classifies Restricted Earth Return for robotic sample return missions from Mars, Europa, and Enceladus with the caveat that future proposed mission locations could be added or restrictions lifted on a case by case basis as scientific knowledge and understanding of biohazards progresses. Since the 1960s, sample containment from an unknown extraterrestrial biohazard have been related to the highest containment standards and protocols known to modern science. Today, Biosafety Level (BSL) 4 standards and protocols are used to study the most dangerous high-risk diseases and unknown biological agents on Earth. Over 30 BSL-4 facilities have been constructed worldwide with 12 residing in the United States; of theses, 8 are operational. In the last two decades, these brick and mortar facilities have cost in the hundreds of millions of dollars dependent on the facility requirements and size. Previous mission concept studies for constructing a NASA sample receiving facility with an integrated BSL-4 quarantine and biohazard testing facility have also been estimated in the hundreds of millions of dollars. As an alternative option, we have recently conducted an initial trade study for constructing a mobile and/or modular sample containment laboratory that would meet all BSL-4 and planetary protection standards and protocols at a faction of the cost. Mobile and modular BSL-2 and 3 facilities have been successfully constructed and deployed world-wide for government testing of pathogens and pharmaceutical production. Our study showed that a modular BSL-4 construction could result in approximately 90% cost reduction when compared to traditional construction methods without compromising the preservation of the sample or Earth.

Impact of atmospheric uncertainties and viscous interaction effects on the performance of aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Talay, T. A.; White, N. H.; Naftel, J. C.

1984-01-01

Simulations of aerobraking trajectories of aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicles (AOTV's) returning from geosynchronous orbit were analyzed to examine the effects of high-altitude viscous interactions and off-nominal atmospheres on AOTV return weight, heating, and loads performance. Viscous interaction effects encountered at high altitudes had little detrimental effect on the return weight capabilities for AOTV's representing a range of lift/drag ratios. Most of the AOTV return weight increase over an all-propulsive OTV occurred for a low lift/drag ratio. Smaller increases in return weight were observed for higher lift/drag ratios, at the expense of significantly higher heating and aerodynamic loads. Off-nominal atmospheres based on Shuttle-derived data and multipliers on a U.S. Standard Atmosphere were considered. AOTV's intended for entry under standard atmospheric conditions either deorbited during the pass through the off-nominal atmospheres or missed the target phasing orbit by wide margins. The AOTV's could successfully negotiate these atmospheres when new bank-angle histories were implemented with little loss and sometimes with a gain in return weight.

Patterning of oxide-hardened gold black by photolithography and metal lift-off

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panjwani, Deep; Yesiltas, Mehmet; Nath, Janardan; Maukonen, D. E.; Rezadad, Imen; Smith, Evan M.; Peale, R. E.; Hirschmugl, Carol; Sedlmair, Julia; Wehlitz, Ralf; Unger, Miriam; Boreman, Glenn

2014-01-01

A method to pattern infrared-absorbing gold black by conventional photolithography and lift-off is described. A photo-resist pattern is developed on a substrate by standard photolithography. Gold black is deposited over the whole by thermal evaporation in an inert gas at ˜1 Torr. SiO2 is then deposited as a protection layer by electron beam evaporation. Lift-off proceeds by dissolving the photoresist in acetone. The resulting sub-millimeter size gold black patterns that remain on the substrate retain high infrared absorption out to ˜5 μm wavelength and exhibit good mechanical stability. This technique allows selective application of gold black coatings to the pixels of thermal infrared imaging array detectors.

Application of Excitation from Multiple Locations on a Simplified High-Lift System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Melton, LaTunia Pack; Yao, Chung-Sheng; Seifert, Avi

2004-01-01

A series of active flow control experiments were recently conducted on a simplified high-lift system. The purpose of the experiments was to explore the prospects of eliminating all but simply hinged leading and trailing edge flaps, while controlling separation on the supercritical airfoil using multiple periodic excitation slots. Excitation was provided by three. independently controlled, self-contained, piezoelectric actuators. Low frequency excitation was generated through amplitude modulation of the high frequency carrier wave, the actuators' resonant frequencies. It was demonstrated, for the first time, that pulsed modulated signal from two neighboring slots interact favorably to increase lift. Phase sensitivity at the low frequency was measured, even though the excitation was synthesized from the high-frequency carrier wave. The measurements were performed at low Reynolds numbers and included mean and unsteady surface pressures, surface hot-films, wake pressures and particle image velocimetry. A modest (6%) increase in maximum lift (compared to the optimal baseline) was obtained due t o the activation of two of the three actuators.

The comparison between intradermal injection of abobotulinumtoxinA and normal saline for face-lifting: a split-face randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Wanitphakdeedecha, Rungsima; Ungaksornpairote, Chanida; Kaewkes, Arisa; Rojanavanich, Viboon; Phothong, Weeranut; Manuskiatti, Woraphong

2016-12-01

Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) has been approved for the treatment of strabismus, blepharospasm, muscle spasm, cervical dystonia, pain syndrome, glabella wrinkles, and severe primary axillary hyperhidrosis. Intradermal injection of BTA has been used off-label by many clinicians for the purpose of face-lifting effect. Few studies on onabotulinumtoxinA (ONA) demonstrated no clinical efficacy on face-lifting effect when comparing to normal saline solution (NSS). So far, there is no split-face comparison study on face-lifting effect of abobotulinumtoxinA (ABO). To determine the face-lifting effect of ABO intradermal injection and NSS. Twenty-two subjects with symmetrical faces on both facial expression and expressionless were randomly injected with ABO at 1:7 cc dilution (500 unit or one vial in 7 cc of NSS) on one side and NSS on the other side using intradermal injection technique. Standardized photographic documentation was obtained at baseline, and at 2 weeks after treatment. The face-lifting effect was graded by two blinded dermatologists using photographic comparison and rated by the patients. Side effects were also recorded at the end of the study. Face-lifting effect was demonstrated in 40.9% and 4.5% of patients with ABO and NSS, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in face-lifting effect when comparing between ABO and NSS (P = 0.021). The face-lifting was reported in 50.0% of patients receiving ABO injection. The patients with oval-face shape tended to respond better with ABO (P = 0.046). The odd of face-lifting effect for patients aged younger than 32 was higher than patients aged older than 32 with the odds ratio of 7.9 and 95% confidence interval of 1.1-56.1. Facial asymmetry was found in 22.7% of subjects. This study demonstrated the face-lifting effect of ABO intradermal injection. Patients with oval-face shape and aged younger than 32 tended to respond better. Therefore, patient selection should be emphasized to improve efficacy of this technique. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Shape memory alloy resetable spring lift for pedestrian protection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barnes, Brian M.; Brei, Diann E.; Luntz, Jonathan E.; Strom, Kenneth; Browne, Alan L.; Johnson, Nancy

2008-03-01

Pedestrian protection has become an increasingly important aspect of automotive safety with new regulations taking effect around the world. Because it is increasingly difficult to meet these new regulations with traditional passive approaches, active lifts are being explored that increase the "crush zone" between the hood and rigid under-hood components as a means of mitigating the consequences of an impact with a non-occupant. Active lifts, however, are technically challenging because of the simultaneously high forces, stroke and quick timing resulting in most of the current devices being single use. This paper introduces the SMArt (Shape Memory Alloy ReseTable) Spring Lift, an automatically resetable and fully reusable device, which couples conventional standard compression springs to store the energy required for a hood lift, with Shape Memory Alloys actuators to achieve both an ultra high speed release of the spring and automatic reset of the system for multiple uses. Each of the four SMArt Device subsystems, lift, release, lower and reset/dissipate, are individually described. Two identical complete prototypes were fabricated and mounted at the rear corners of the hood, incorporated within a full-scale vehicle testbed at the SMARTT (Smart Material Advanced Research and Technology Transfer) lab at University of Michigan. Full operational cycle testing of a stationary vehicle in a laboratory setting confirms the ultrafast latch release, controlled lift profile, gravity lower to reposition the hood, and spring recompression via the ratchet engine successfully rearming the device for repeat cycles. While this is only a laboratory demonstration and extensive testing and development would be required for transition to a fielded product, this study does indicate that the SMArt Lift has promise as an alternative approach to pedestrian protection.

Prediction of Airfoil Characteristics With Higher Order Turbulence Models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gatski, Thomas B.

1996-01-01

This study focuses on the prediction of airfoil characteristics, including lift and drag over a range of Reynolds numbers. Two different turbulence models, which represent two different types of models, are tested. The first is a standard isotropic eddy-viscosity two-equation model, and the second is an explicit algebraic stress model (EASM). The turbulent flow field over a general-aviation airfoil (GA(W)-2) at three Reynolds numbers is studied. At each Reynolds number, predicted lift and drag values at different angles of attack are compared with experimental results, and predicted variations of stall locations with Reynolds number are compared with experimental data. Finally, the size of the separation zone predicted by each model is analyzed, and correlated with the behavior of the lift coefficient near stall. In summary, the EASM model is able to predict the lift and drag coefficients over a wider range of angles of attack than the two-equation model for the three Reynolds numbers studied. However, both models are unable to predict the correct lift and drag behavior near the stall angle, and for the lowest Reynolds number case, the two-equation model did not predict separation on the airfoil near stall.

Results of a feasibility study using the Newton-Raphson digital computer program to identify lifting body derivatives from flight data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sim, A. G.

1973-01-01

A brief study was made to assess the applicability of the Newton-Raphson digital computer program as a routine technique for extracting aerodynamic derivatives from flight tests of lifting body types of vehicles. Lateral-direction flight data from flight tests of the HL-10 lifting body reserch vehicle were utilized. The results in general, show the computer program to be a reliable and expedient means for extracting derivatives for this class of vehicles as a standard procedure. This result was true even when stability augmentation was used. As a result of the study, a credible set of HL-10 lateral-directional derivatives was obtained from flight data. These derivatives are compared with results from wind-tunnel tests.

Orion Crew Module Structural Test Article Lift & Uncrating

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-11-15

Inside the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, technicians with Lockheed Martin assist as a crane lifts the cover away from the container holding the Orion crew module structural test article (STA). The STA arrived aboard NASA's Super Guppy aircraft at the Shuttle Landing Facility operated by Space Florida. The test article was moved inside the facility's high bay for further testing. The Orion spacecraft will launch atop NASA’s Space Launch System rocket on EM-1, its first deep space mission, in late 2018.

Orion Crew Module Structural Test Article Lift & Uncrating

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-11-15

Inside the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, a crane lifts the cover up from the container holding the Orion crew module structural test article (STA). The STA arrived aboard NASA's Super Guppy aircraft at the Shuttle Landing Facility operated by Space Florida. The test article was moved inside the facility's high bay for further testing. The Orion spacecraft will launch atop NASA’s Space Launch System rocket on EM-1, its first deep space mission, in late 2018.

Theoretical study of the tunnel-boundary lift interference due to slotted walls in the presence of the trailing-vortex system of a lifting model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Matthews, Clarence W

1955-01-01

The equations presented in this report give the interference on the trailing-vortex system of a uniformly loaded finite-span wing in a circular tunnel containing partly open and partly closed walls, with special reference to symmetrical arrangements of the open and closed portions. Methods are given for extending the equations to include tunnel shapes other than circular. The rectangular tunnel is used to demonstrate these methods. The equations are also extended to nonuniformly loaded wings.

OA-7 Lift and Mate to Booster

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-03-17

The payload fairing containing the Orbital ATK Cygnus pressurized cargo module is lifted by crane at the United Launch Alliance (ULA) Vertical Integration Facility at Space Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. The payload will be hoisted up and mated to the ULA Atlas V rocket. The Orbital ATK CRS-7 commercial resupply services mission to the International Space Station is scheduled to launch atop the Atlas V from pad 41. Cygnus will deliver 7,600 pounds of supplies, equipment and scientific research materials to the space station.

JPSS-1 Spacecraft Transport to Pad and Lift and Mate

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-10-24

At Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, the Joint Polar Satellite System-1, or JPSS-1, is transported to Space Launch Complex 2 packaged in a protective container. At the pad, JPSS-1 is lifted and mated atop a United Launch Alliance Delta II rocket. Built by Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp. of Boulder, Colorado, JPSS is the first in a series four next-generation environmental satellites in a collaborative program between the NOAA and NASA. Liftoff is scheduled to take place from Vandenberg's Space Launch Complex.

Aging and the discrimination of object weight.

PubMed

Norman, J Farley; Norman, Hideko F; Swindle, Jessica M; Jennings, L RaShae; Bartholomew, Ashley N

2009-01-01

A single experiment was carried out to evaluate the ability of younger and older observers to discriminate object weights. A 2-alternative forced-choice variant of the method of constant stimuli was used to obtain difference thresholds for lifted weight for twelve younger (mean age = 21.5 years) and twelve older (mean age = 71.3 years) adults. The standard weight was 100 g, whereas the test weights ranged from 85 to 115 g. The difference thresholds of the older observers were 57.6% higher than those of the younger observers: the average difference thresholds were 10.4% and 6.6% of the standard for the older and younger observers, respectively. The current findings of an age-related deterioration in the ability to discriminate lifted weight extend and disambiguate the results of earlier research.

Lifting Kindergarteners' Writing to Meet the Common Core Learning Standards: A Collaborative Inquiry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heskial, Joyce; Wamba, Nathalis G.

2013-01-01

The advent of Common Core Standards in New York State has forced a revisitation of past practices. With a goal of ensuring that all students are college and career-ready by the end of high school these standards call for increased rigor and higher expectations at all grade levels. The purpose of this study was to analyze through collaborative…

Corneal transplant - discharge

MedlinePlus

... heavy lifting. Stay away from dust and blowing sand. Follow your provider's instructions for using eye drops ... A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among ...

Influence of Finite Span and Sweep on Active Flow Control Efficacy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greenblatt, David; Washburn, Anthony E.

2008-01-01

Active flow control efficacy was investigated by means of leading-edge and flap-shoulder zero mass-flux blowing slots on a semispan wing model that was tested in unswept (standard) and swept configurations. On the standard configuration, stall commenced inboard, but with sweep the wing stalled initially near the tip. On both configurations, leading-edge perturbations increased CL,max and post stall lift, both with and without deflected flaps. Without sweep, the effect of control was approximately uniform across the wing span but remained effective to high angles of attack near the tip; when sweep was introduced a significant effect was noted inboard, but this effect degraded along the span and produced virtually no meaningful lift enhancement near the tip, irrespective of the tip configuration. In the former case, control strengthened the wingtip vortex; in the latter case, a simple semi-empirical model, based on the trajectory or "streamline" of the evolving perturbation, served to explain the observations. In the absence of sweep, control on finite-span flaps did not differ significantly from their nominally twodimensional counterpart. Control from the flap produced expected lift enhancement and CL,max improvements in the absence of sweep, but these improvements degraded with the introduction of sweep.

76 FR 16728 - Announcement of the American Petroleum Institute's Standards Activities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-25

... voluntary standards for equipment, materials, operations, and processes for the petroleum and natural gas... Techniques for Designing and/or Optimizing Gas-lift Wells and Systems, 1st Ed. RP 13K, Chemical Analysis of... Q2, Quality Management Systems for Service Supply Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas...

On the theory of oscillating airfoils of finite span in subsonic compressible flow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reissner, Eric

1950-01-01

The problem of oscillating lifting surface of finite span in subsonic compressible flow is reduced to an integral equation. The kernel of the integral equation is approximated by a simpler expression, on the basis of the assumption of sufficiently large aspect ratio. With this approximation the double integral occurring in the formulation of the problem is reduced to two single integrals, one of which is taken over the chord and the other over the span of the lifting surface. On the basis of this reduction the three-dimensional problem appears separated into two two-dimensional problems, one of them being effectively the problem of two-dimensional flow and the other being the problem of spanwise circulation distribution. Earlier results concerning the oscillating lifting surface of finite span in incompressible flow are contained in the present more general results.

H2LIFT: global navigation simulation ship tracking and WMD detection in the maritime domain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wyffels, Kevin

2007-04-01

This paper presents initial results for a tracking simulation of multiple maritime vehicles for use in a data fusion program detecting Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). This simulation supports a fusion algorithm (H2LIFT) for collecting and analyzing data providing a heuristic analysis tool for detecting weapons of mass destruction in the maritime domain. Tools required to develop a navigational simulation fitting a set of project objectives are introduced for integration into the H2LIFT algorithm. Emphasis is placed on the specific requirements of the H2LIFT project, however the basic equations, algorithms, and methodologies can be used as tools in a variety of scenario simulations. Discussion will be focused on track modeling (e.g. position tracking of ships), navigational techniques, WMD detection, and simulation of these models using Matlab and Simulink. Initial results provide absolute ship position data for a given multi-ship maritime scenario with random generation of a given ship containing a WMD. Required coordinate systems, conversions between coordinate systems, Earth modeling techniques, and navigational conventions and techniques are introduced for development of the simulations.

SMP84: Improvements to Capability and Prediction Accuracy of the Standard Ship Motion Program SMP81

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-09-01

active fin behaves in a manner similar to a rotating cylinder in a flow. The general form of the Magnus Lift term is FML z 2,(Vt/V)(2rs)(PV2 /2) (38...DEPARTMENT [AVIATION AND "SHIP PERFORMANCE SURFACE EFFECTS • ~ ~~~~DEPARTMENTSUFEEF T PT 1DEPARTMENT• 15 16 COMPUTATION.STRUCTURES MATHEMATICS...Force vector developed by active motion of tin F* Magnitude of force due to active motion of fin FML Magnus lift term FP Forward perpendicular Fv

OA-7 Service Module Arrival, Uncrating, Move from Airlock to Highbay inside SSPF

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-02-01

The Orbital ATK OA-7 Cygnus spacecraft's service module arrives inside the Space Station Processing Facility of NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, sealed in an environmentally controlled shipping container, pulled in by truck on a low-boy flatbed trailer. The service module is uncrate from the shipping container, lifted and positioned on a work stand, and moved from the airlock to the highbay for processing. Scheduled to launch on March 19, 2017, the Orbital ATK OA-7 mission will lift off atop a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket from Space launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The commercial resupply services mission to the International Space Station will deliver thousands of pounds of supplies, equipment and scientific research materials that improve life on Earth and drive progress toward future space exploration.

Automatic variance reduction for Monte Carlo simulations via the local importance function transform

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Turner, S.A.

1996-02-01

The author derives a transformed transport problem that can be solved theoretically by analog Monte Carlo with zero variance. However, the Monte Carlo simulation of this transformed problem cannot be implemented in practice, so he develops a method for approximating it. The approximation to the zero variance method consists of replacing the continuous adjoint transport solution in the transformed transport problem by a piecewise continuous approximation containing local biasing parameters obtained from a deterministic calculation. He uses the transport and collision processes of the transformed problem to bias distance-to-collision and selection of post-collision energy groups and trajectories in a traditionalmore » Monte Carlo simulation of ``real`` particles. He refers to the resulting variance reduction method as the Local Importance Function Transform (LIFI) method. He demonstrates the efficiency of the LIFT method for several 3-D, linearly anisotropic scattering, one-group, and multigroup problems. In these problems the LIFT method is shown to be more efficient than the AVATAR scheme, which is one of the best variance reduction techniques currently available in a state-of-the-art Monte Carlo code. For most of the problems considered, the LIFT method produces higher figures of merit than AVATAR, even when the LIFT method is used as a ``black box``. There are some problems that cause trouble for most variance reduction techniques, and the LIFT method is no exception. For example, the author demonstrates that problems with voids, or low density regions, can cause a reduction in the efficiency of the LIFT method. However, the LIFT method still performs better than survival biasing and AVATAR in these difficult cases.« less

Establishment of Class e1 Mass Standard of 50 kg

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yao, Hong; Wang, Jian; Ding, Jingan; Zhong, Ruilin; Ren, Xiaoping

Because of the equipment limit, the dissemination of large mass has been realized by a large amount of higher class of 20 kg weights since 1950s in China. But with improvement of the technique and customer's requirements, it is necessary to establish the mass standard of 50 kg weight. In 1990s, mass standard laboratory has set up Class E1 weight sets from 20 kg to 1 mg. To extend the mass capacity up to 50 kg of Class E1, it is not only to produce Class E1 50 kg weight and import a mass comparator, but also need to lift the heavy weight from weight box to balance receptor safely. Up to now, the mass comparator has been installed in Hepingli campus of NIM. Two pieces of Class E1 50 kg weights are determined by combination weighing method. A lifting device has been mounted close to the mass comparator in order to move the 50 kg easily.

Stacking of ZnSe/ZnCdSe Multi-Quantum Wells on GaAs (100) by Epitaxial Lift-Off

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eldose, N. M.; Zhu, J.; Mavridi, N.; Prior, Kevin; Moug, R. T.

2018-05-01

Here we present stacking of GaAs/ZnSe/ZnCdSe single-quantum well (QW) structures using epitaxial lift-off (ELO). Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown II-VI QW structure was lifted using our standard ELO technique. The QW structures were transferred onto glass plates and then subsequent layers stacked on top of each other to form a triple-QW structure. This was compared to an MBE-grown multiple-QW (MQW) structure of similar design. Low-temperature (77 K) photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy was used to compare the two structures and showed no obvious degradation of the ELO stacked layer. It was observed that by stacking the single QW layer on itself we could increase the PL emission intensity beyond that of the grown MQW structure while maintaining narrow line width.

Sex-based differences in lifting technique under increasing load conditions: A principal component analysis.

PubMed

Sheppard, P S; Stevenson, J M; Graham, R B

2016-05-01

The objective of the present study was to determine if there is a sex-based difference in lifting technique across increasing-load conditions. Eleven male and 14 female participants (n = 25) with no previous history of low back disorder participated in the study. Participants completed freestyle, symmetric lifts of a box with handles from the floor to a table positioned at 50% of their height for five trials under three load conditions (10%, 20%, and 30% of their individual maximum isometric back strength). Joint kinematic data for the ankle, knee, hip, and lumbar and thoracic spine were collected using a two-camera Optotrak motion capture system. Joint angles were calculated using a three-dimensional Euler rotation sequence. Principal component analysis (PCA) and single component reconstruction were applied to assess differences in lifting technique across the entire waveforms. Thirty-two PCs were retained from the five joints and three axes in accordance with the 90% trace criterion. Repeated-measures ANOVA with a mixed design revealed no significant effect of sex for any of the PCs. This is contrary to previous research that used discrete points on the lifting curve to analyze sex-based differences, but agrees with more recent research using more complex analysis techniques. There was a significant effect of load on lifting technique for five PCs of the lower limb (PC1 of ankle flexion, knee flexion, and knee adduction, as well as PC2 and PC3 of hip flexion) (p < 0.005). However, there was no significant effect of load on the thoracic and lumbar spine. It was concluded that when load is standardized to individual back strength characteristics, males and females adopted a similar lifting technique. In addition, as load increased male and female participants changed their lifting technique in a similar manner. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Results of minimal invasive coracoclavicular fixation by double button lift-up system in Neer type II distal clavicle fractures.

PubMed

Dedeoğlu, Süleyman Semih; İmren, Yunus; Çabuk, Haluk; Çakar, Murat; Arslan, Samet Murat; Esenyel, Cem Zeki

2017-01-01

We aimed to evaluate clinical and functional outcomes of indirect fracture reduction performed by coracoclavicular fixation with minimal invasive double button lift-up system in Neer type IIa unstable fractures of distal clavicle. 22 patients with Neer type 2 distal clavicle fracture were enrolled in that prospective study. All patients underwent indirect reduction and osteosynthesis performed by coracoclavicular fixation with minimal invasive double button lift-up system. Postoperative follow-up was carried out clinically and radiologically with plain X-rays and utilization of Constant and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment (ASES) shoulder scores. Mean follow-up time was 15 months. A standard sling was applied for 2 weeks, postoperatively. Rehabilitation program was started on postoperative day 1. Mean age was 39 (range: 21-60), 18 of the patients were male. Right dominant extremity was affected in 14 patients. Mean duration of the surgical intervention was 40 min (range: 30-55 min). Mean union time was found to be 14 weeks (range: 7-21 weeks). Mean postoperative ASES and Constant scores were 79.9 (66.9-88.3) and 82.2 (71-100), respectively. The duration of return to normal daily activities were found to be 4.5 months. Any loss of reduction, AC joint arthrosis, and clavicular shortening were not detected in X-rays. This study has demonstrated that indirect osteosynthesis performed by coracoclavicular fixation with double button lift-up system in the treatment of unstable Neer type IIa fractures of the distal clavicle had successful clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes.

Evaluation of the impact of the revised National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Lifting Equation

PubMed Central

Lu, Ming-Lun; Putz-Anderson, Vern; Garg, Arun; Davis, Kermit

2016-01-01

Objective To evaluate the impact of the revised National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health lifting equation (RNLE). Background The RNLE has been used extensively as a risk assessment method for prevention of low back pain (LBP). However, the impact of the RNLE has not been documented. Methods A systematic review of the literature on the RNLE was conducted. The review consisted of three parts: characterization of the RNLE publications; assessment of the impact of the RNLE; and evaluation of the influences of the RNLE on ergonomic standards. The literature for assessing the impact was categorized into four research areas: methodology, laboratory, field and risk assessment studies using the Lifting Index (LI) or Composite LI (CLI), both of which are the products of the RNLE. Results The impact of the RNLE has been both widespread and influential. We found 24 studies that examined the criteria used to define lifting capacity used by the RNLE, 28 studies that compared risk assessment methods for identifying LBP, 23 studies that found the RNLE useful in identifying the risk of LBP with different work populations, and 13 studies on the relationship between LI/CLI and LBP outcomes. We also found evidence on the adoption of the RNLE as an ergonomic standard for use by various local, state, and international entities. Conclusion The review found 13 studies that link LI/CLI to adverse LBP outcomes. These studies showed a positive relationship between LI/CLI metrics and the severity of LBP outcomes. PMID:26822795

Recent developments of coumarin-containing derivatives and their anti-tubercular activity.

PubMed

Hu, Yuan-Qiang; Xu, Zhi; Zhang, Shu; Wu, Xiang; Ding, Jun-Wei; Lv, Zao-Sheng; Feng, Lian-Shun

2017-08-18

Tuberculosis (TB) is a lift-threatening chronic deadliest infectious disease caused predominantly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) which affects primarily the lungs (pulmonary TB) apart from other vital organs. The emergence of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB), multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) and the recently cases of totally drug resistant (TDR) towards currently accessible standard drugs was increased up to alarming level in the recent decades. In pursuit of searching new anti-TB agents, numerous of derivatives have been synthesized and screened for their anti-TB activity. Coumarins are one of the most important classes of natural products that exhibited various biological activities, and their derivatives regarded as a new class of effective anti-TB candidates owing to their potential anti-TB activity. Thus, coumarin skeleton has attracted great interest in the development of new anti-TB agents. This review outlines the advances in the application of coumarin-containing derivatives as anti-TB agents and the critical aspects of design and structure-activity relationship of these derivatives. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

TDRS-M Spacecraft Lift & Mate

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-08-09

A crane is used to lift the payload fairing containing NASA's Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-M) at the Vertical Integration Facility at Space Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. TDRS-M will be stacked atop the United Launch Alliance Atlas V Centaur upper stage. TDRS-M will be the latest spacecraft destined for the agency's constellation of communications satellites that allows nearly continuous contact with orbiting spacecraft ranging from the International Space Station and Hubble Space Telescope to the array of scientific observatories. Liftoff atop the ULA Atlas V rocket is scheduled for Aug. 18, 2017.

49 CFR 393.134 - What are the rules for securing roll-on/roll-off or hook lift containers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... which is not equipped with an integral securement system must be: (1) Blocked against forward movement... least as effectively as the tiedowns in the two previous items. (4) The mechanisms used to secure the... secure the container to the vehicle, providing the same level of securement as the missing, damaged or...

49 CFR 393.134 - What are the rules for securing roll-on/roll-off or hook lift containers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... which is not equipped with an integral securement system must be: (1) Blocked against forward movement... least as effectively as the tiedowns in the two previous items. (4) The mechanisms used to secure the... secure the container to the vehicle, providing the same level of securement as the missing, damaged or...

Cooling molten salt reactors using "gas-lift"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zitek, Pavel; Valenta, Vaclav; Klimko, Marek

2014-08-01

This study briefly describes the selection of a type of two-phase flow, suitable for intensifying the natural flow of nuclear reactors with liquid fuel - cooling mixture molten salts and the description of a "Two-phase flow demonstrator" (TFD) used for experimental study of the "gas-lift" system and its influence on the support of natural convection. The measuring device and the application of the TDF device is described. The work serves as a model system for "gas-lift" (replacing the classic pump in the primary circuit) for high temperature MSR planned for hydrogen production. An experimental facility was proposed on the basis of which is currently being built an experimental loop containing the generator, separator bubbles and necessary accessories. This loop will model the removal of gaseous fission products and tritium. The cleaning of the fuel mixture of fluoride salts eliminates problems from Xenon poisoning in classical reactors.

Load drop evaluation for TWRS FSAR

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Julyk, L.J.; Ralston, G.L.

1996-09-30

Operational or remediation activities associated with existing underground high-level waste storage tank structures at the Hanford Site often require the installation/removal of various equipment items. To gain tank access for installation or removal of this equipment, large concrete cover blocks must be removed and reinstalled in existing concrete pits above the tanks. An accidental drop of the equipment or cover blocks while being moved over the tanks that results in the release of contaminants to the air poses a potential risk to onsite workers or to the offsite public. To minimize this potential risk, the use of critical lift hoistingmore » and rigging procedures and restrictions on lift height are being considered during development of the new tank farm Basis for Interim Operation and Final Safety Analysis Report. The analysis contained herein provides information for selecting the appropriate lift height restrictions for these activities.« less

Seismic analysis of the frame structure reformed by cutting off column and jacking based on stiffness ratio

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, J. K.; Xu, X. S.

2017-11-01

The cutting off column and jacking technology is a method for increasing story height, which has been widely used and paid much attention in engineering. The stiffness will be changed after the process of cutting off column and jacking, which directly affects the overall seismic performance. It is usually necessary to take seismic strengthening measures to enhance the stiffness. A five story frame structure jacking project in Jinan High-tech Zone was taken as an example, and three finite element models were established which contains the frame model before lifting, after lifting and after strengthening. Based on the stiffness, the dynamic time-history analysis was carried out to research its seismic performance under the EL-Centro seismic wave, the Taft seismic wave and the Tianjin artificial seismic wave. The research can provide some guidance for the design and construction of the entire jack lifting structure.

Comparison of different soft grippers for lunch box packaging.

PubMed

Wang, Zhongkui; Zhu, Mingzhu; Kawamura, Sadao; Hirai, Shinichi

2017-01-01

Automating the lunch box packaging is a challenging task due to the high deformability and large individual differences in shape and physical property of food materials. Soft robotic grippers showed potentials to perform such tasks. In this paper, we presented four pneumatic soft actuators made of different materials and different fabrication methods and compared their performances through a series of tests. We found that the actuators fabricated by 3D printing showed better linearity and less individual differences, but showed low durability compared to actuators fabricated by traditional casting process. Robotic grippers were assembled using the soft actuators, and grasping tests were performed on soft paper containers filled with food materials. Results suggested that grippers with softer actuators required lower air pressure to lift up the same weight and generated less deformation on the soft container. The actuator made of casting process with Dragon Skin 10 material lifted the most weight among different actuators.

Characterization of Long-Chain Fatty Acid as N-(4-Aminomethylphenyl) Pyridinium Derivative by MALDI LIFT-TOF/TOF Mass Spectrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frankfater, Cheryl; Jiang, Xuntian; Hsu, Fong-Fu

2018-05-01

Charge remote fragmentation (CRF) elimination of CnH2n+2 residues along the aliphatic tail of long chain fatty acid is hall mark of keV high-energy CID fragmentation process. It is an important fragmentation pathway leading to structural characterization of biomolecules by CID tandem mass spectrometry. In this report, we describe MALDI LIFT TOF-TOF mass spectrometric approach to study a wide variety of fatty acids (FAs), which were derivatized to N-(4-aminomethylphenyl) pyridinium (AMPP) derivative, and desorbed as M+ ions by laser with or without matrix. The high-energy MALDI LIFT TOF-TOF mass spectra of FA-AMPP contain fragment ions mainly deriving from CRF cleavages of CnH2n+2 residues, as expected. These ions together with ions from specific cleavages of the bond(s) involving the functional group within the molecule provide more complete structural identification than those produced by low-energy CID/HCD using a linear ion-trap instrument. However, this LIFT TOF-TOF mass spectrometric approach inherits low sensitivity, a typical feature of high-energy CID tandem mass spectrometry. Because of the lack of unit mass precursor ion selection with sufficient sensitivity of the current LIFT TOF-TOF technology, product ion spectra from same chain length fatty acids with difference in one or two double bonds in a mixture are not distinguishable.

In the O&C Building, the P3 truss, an ISS segment, is revealed inside its shipping container

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

Inside the Operations and Checkout Building, cranes lift the top of the shipping container containing the port-side P3 truss, a segment of the International Space Station (ISS). The truss is scheduled to be added to the ISS on mission STS-115 in 2002 aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis. The second port truss segment, P3 will be attached to the first port truss segment (P1).

A simplified flight-test method for determining aircraft takeoff performance that includes effects of pilot technique

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Larson, T. J.; Schweikhard, W. G.

1974-01-01

A method for evaluating aircraft takeoff performance from brake release to air-phase height that requires fewer tests than conventionally required is evaluated with data for the XB-70 airplane. The method defines the effects of pilot technique on takeoff performance quantitatively, including the decrease in acceleration from drag due to lift. For a given takeoff weight and throttle setting, a single takeoff provides enough data to establish a standardizing relationship for the distance from brake release to any point where velocity is appropriate to rotation. The lower rotation rates penalized takeoff performance in terms of ground roll distance; the lowest observed rotation rate required a ground roll distance that was 19 percent longer than the highest. Rotations at the minimum rate also resulted in lift-off velocities that were approximately 5 knots lower than the highest rotation rate at any given lift-off distance.

A parallel 3-D discrete wavelet transform architecture using pipelined lifting scheme approach for video coding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hegde, Ganapathi; Vaya, Pukhraj

2013-10-01

This article presents a parallel architecture for 3-D discrete wavelet transform (3-DDWT). The proposed design is based on the 1-D pipelined lifting scheme. The architecture is fully scalable beyond the present coherent Daubechies filter bank (9, 7). This 3-DDWT architecture has advantages such as no group of pictures restriction and reduced memory referencing. It offers low power consumption, low latency and high throughput. The computing technique is based on the concept that lifting scheme minimises the storage requirement. The application specific integrated circuit implementation of the proposed architecture is done by synthesising it using 65 nm Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company standard cell library. It offers a speed of 486 MHz with a power consumption of 2.56 mW. This architecture is suitable for real-time video compression even with large frame dimensions.

STS-45 Atlantis, OV-104, lifts off from KSC Launch Complex (LC) Pad

NASA Image and Video Library

1992-03-24

STS-45 Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104, lifts off from a Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Launch Complex (LC) Pad at 8:13:40:048 am (Eastern Standard Time (EST)). Exhaust billows out the solid rocket boosters (SRBs) as OV-104 atop its external tank (ET) soars above the mobile launcher platform and is nearly clear of the fixed service structure (FSS) tower. The diamond shock effect produced by the space shuttle main engines (SSMEs) is visible. The glow of the SRB/SSME firings is reflected in a nearby waterway. An exhaust cloud covers the launch pad area.

Subperiosteal lateral browlift and its relationship to upper blepharoplasty.

PubMed

Gasperoni, C; Salgarello, M; Gargani, G

1993-01-01

Skin redundancy of the upper eyelid is often associated with a variable degree of ptosis of the lateral third of the eyebrow, which increases the extent of the defect. Correcting this condition implies a combination of a temporal lift with a standard upper blepharoplasty. In the temporal lift it is possible to perform an easy subaponeurotic and subperiosteal dissection of the soft tissues of the temporal area through an incision behind the hairline with pleasing and long-lasting results. The brow ptosis is corrected without noticeable scars and with inconspicuous damage to scalp follicles of the temporal region.

Effects of powdered Montmorency tart cherry supplementation on an acute bout of intense lower body strength exercise in resistance trained males.

PubMed

Levers, Kyle; Dalton, Ryan; Galvan, Elfego; Goodenough, Chelsea; O'Connor, Abigail; Simbo, Sunday; Barringer, Nicholas; Mertens-Talcott, Susanne U; Rasmussen, Christopher; Greenwood, Mike; Riechman, Steven; Crouse, Stephen; Kreider, Richard B

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine whether short-term ingestion of a powdered tart cherry supplement prior to and following intense resistance-exercise attenuates muscle soreness and recovery strength loss, while reducing markers of muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Twenty-three healthy, resistance-trained men (20.9 ± 2.6 yr, 14.2 ± 5.4% body fat, 63.9 ± 8.6 kg FFM) were matched based on relative maximal back squat strength, age, body weight, and fat free mass. Subjects were randomly assigned to ingest, in a double blind manner, capsules containing a placebo (P, n = 12) or powdered tart cherries [CherryPURE(®)] (TC, n = 11). Participants supplemented one time daily (480 mg/d) for 10-d including day of exercise up to 48-h post-exercise. Subjects performed ten sets of ten repetitions at 70% of a 1-RM back squat exercise. Fasting blood samples, isokinetic MVCs, and quadriceps muscle soreness ratings were taken pre-lift, 60-min, 24-h, and 48-h post-lift and analyzed by MANOVA with repeated measures. Muscle soreness perception in the vastus medialis (¼) (p = 0.10) and the vastus lateralis (¼) (p = 0.024) was lower in TC over time compared to P. Compared to pre-lift, TC vastus medialis (¼) soreness was significantly attenuated up to 48-h post-lift with vastus lateralis (¼) soreness significantly lower at 24-h post-lift compared to P. TC changes in serum creatinine (p = 0.03, delta p = 0.024) and total protein (p = 0.018, delta p = 0.006) were lower over time and smaller from pre-lift levels over time compared to P Significant TC group reductions from pre-lift levels were found for AST and creatinine 48-h post-lift, bilirubin and ALT 60-min and 48-h post-lift. No significant supplementation effects were observed for serum inflammatory or anti-inflammatory markers. None of the free radical production, lipid peroxidation, or antioxidant capacity markers (NT, TBARS, TAS, SOD) demonstrated significant changes with supplementation. Changes in TC whole blood lymphocyte counts (p = 0.013) from pre-lift were greater compared to P, but TC lymphocyte counts returned to pre-lift values quicker than P. Short-term supplementation of Montmorency powdered tart cherries surrounding a single bout of resistance exercise, appears to be an effective dietary supplement to attenuate muscle soreness, strength decrement during recovery, and markers of muscle catabolism in resistance trained individuals.

View of a five inch standard Mark III model 1 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View of a five inch standard Mark III model 1 #39, manufactured in 1916 at the naval gun factory waterveliet, NY; this is the only gun remaining on olympia dating from the period when it was in commission; note ammunition lift at left side of photograph. (p36) - USS Olympia, Penn's Landing, 211 South Columbus Boulevard, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

29 CFR Appendix A to Part 1926 - Designations for General Industry Standards Incorporated Into Body of Construction Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Electrical Tests .453(b)(3) Field Modifications .453(a)(2) Ladder Trucks .453(b)(1) Tower Trucks .453(b)(1...) Shoring and reshoring .703(b) Test Requirements—Compressive Strength .703(e)(1) Equipment and Tools .702 Lift-Slab Operations .705 Lockout/Tagout .702(j) Post-Tensioning .701(c) Precast .704 Pumping Systems...

Application work risk of manual material handling operators using different lifting methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anizar; Matondang, AR; Sibarani, JA

2018-02-01

This study observed the activity of lifting and moving crates containing bottles at a pallet station in a carbonated drink factory. The activity of moving crates, each weighing 15 kg, is performed by four operators using different methods. An operator manually moves 250 crates daily and often takes rest during working. This study aims to find the most efficient method, that is using the least energy, to move crates. The workload is assessed using the method of Cardiovascular Strain Load (CVL) and energy expenditure. Operators’ arterial pulse is measured for 1 minute right before they start working and after they finish working; this is done to obtain work arterial pulse and rest arterial pulse. The way operators lift crates is analyzed using biomechanics. It is found that fatigue is experienced by all operators, with the exception of the 3rd operator who has a %CVL number below 30%. He positions the pallet to be parallel to the conveyor, and then stand in between during the lifting process. He only rotates his body to move the crate from the conveyor onto the pallet, requiring only little energy. This is one of the reasons why the %CVL number is lower than the other operators.

49 CFR 178.915 - General Large Packaging standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... intended for solid hazardous materials must be sift-proof and water-resistant. (b) All service equipment... times. (e) Large Packaging design types must be constructed in such a way as to be bottom-lifted or top...

49 CFR 178.915 - General Large Packaging standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... intended for solid hazardous materials must be sift-proof and water-resistant. (b) All service equipment... times. (e) Large Packaging design types must be constructed in such a way as to be bottom-lifted or top...

49 CFR 178.915 - General Large Packaging standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... intended for solid hazardous materials must be sift-proof and water-resistant. (b) All service equipment... times. (e) Large Packaging design types must be constructed in such a way as to be bottom-lifted or top...

Bionic Design of Wind Turbine Blade Based on Long-Eared Owl's Airfoil

PubMed Central

Li, Ming

2017-01-01

The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a bionic design for the airfoil of wind turbines inspired by the morphology of Long-eared Owl's wings. Glauert Model was adopted to design the standard blade and the bionic blade, respectively. Numerical analysis method was utilized to study the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoils as well as the blades. Results show that the bionic airfoil inspired by the airfoil at the 50% aspect ratio of the Long-eared Owl's wing gives rise to a superior lift coefficient and stalling performance and thus can be beneficial to improving the performance of the wind turbine blade. Also, the efficiency of the bionic blade in wind turbine blades tests increases by 12% or above (up to 44%) compared to that of the standard blade. The reason lies in the bigger pressure difference between the upper and lower surface which can provide stronger lift. PMID:28243053

Performance evaluation of the atmospheric phase of aeromaneuvering orbital transfer vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Powell, R. W.; Stone, H. W.; Naftel, J. C.

1984-01-01

Studies are underway to design reusable orbital transfer vehicles that would be used to transfer payloads from low-earth orbit to higher orbits and return. One promising concept is to use an atmospheric pass on the return leg to reduce the amount of fuel for the mission. This paper discusses a six-degree-of-freedom simulation analysis for two configurations, a low-lift-to-drag ratio configuration and a medium-lift-to-drag ratio configuration using both a predictive guidance technique and an adaptive guidance technique. Both guidance schemes were evaluated using the 1962 standard atmosphere and three atmospheres that had been derived from three entries of the Space Shuttle. The predictive technique requires less reaction control system activity for both configurations, but because of the limited number of updates and because each update used the 1962 standard atmosphere, the adaptive technique produces more accurate exit conditions.

Bionic Design of Wind Turbine Blade Based on Long-Eared Owl's Airfoil.

PubMed

Tian, Weijun; Yang, Zhen; Zhang, Qi; Wang, Jiyue; Li, Ming; Ma, Yi; Cong, Qian

2017-01-01

The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a bionic design for the airfoil of wind turbines inspired by the morphology of Long-eared Owl's wings. Glauert Model was adopted to design the standard blade and the bionic blade, respectively. Numerical analysis method was utilized to study the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoils as well as the blades. Results show that the bionic airfoil inspired by the airfoil at the 50% aspect ratio of the Long-eared Owl's wing gives rise to a superior lift coefficient and stalling performance and thus can be beneficial to improving the performance of the wind turbine blade. Also, the efficiency of the bionic blade in wind turbine blades tests increases by 12% or above (up to 44%) compared to that of the standard blade. The reason lies in the bigger pressure difference between the upper and lower surface which can provide stronger lift.

Face lift.

PubMed

Warren, Richard J; Aston, Sherrell J; Mendelson, Bryan C

2011-12-01

After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Identify and describe the anatomy of and changes to the aging face, including changes in bone mass and structure and changes to the skin, tissue, and muscles. 2. Assess each individual's unique anatomy before embarking on face-lift surgery and incorporate various surgical techniques, including fat grafting and other corrective procedures in addition to shifting existing fat to a higher position on the face, into discussions with patients. 3. Identify risk factors and potential complications in prospective patients. 4. Describe the benefits and risks of various techniques. The ability to surgically rejuvenate the aging face has progressed in parallel with plastic surgeons' understanding of facial anatomy. In turn, a more clear explanation now exists for the visible changes seen in the aging face. This article and its associated video content review the current understanding of facial anatomy as it relates to facial aging. The standard face-lift techniques are explained and their various features, both good and bad, are reviewed. The objective is for surgeons to make a better aesthetic diagnosis before embarking on face-lift surgery, and to have the ability to use the appropriate technique depending on the clinical situation.

Concurrent validity and reliability of using ground reaction force and center of pressure parameters in the determination of leg movement initiation during single leg lift.

PubMed

Aldabe, Daniela; de Castro, Marcelo Peduzzi; Milosavljevic, Stephan; Bussey, Melanie Dawn

2016-09-01

Postural adjustment evaluations during single leg lift requires the initiation of heel lift (T1) identification. T1 measured by means of motion analyses system is the most reliable approach. However, this method involves considerable workspace, expensive cameras, and time processing data and setting up laboratory. The use of ground reaction forces (GRF) and centre of pressure (COP) data is an alternative method as its data processing and setting up is less time consuming. Further, kinetic data is normally collected using frequency samples higher than 1000Hz whereas kinematic data are commonly captured using 50-200Hz. This study describes the concurrent-validity and reliability of GRF and COP measurements in determining T1, using a motion analysis system as reference standard. Kinematic and kinetic data during single leg lift were collected from ten participants. GRF and COP data were collected using one and two force plates. Displacement of a single heel marker was captured by means of ten Vicon(©) cameras. Kinetic and kinematic data were collected using a sample frequency of 1000Hz. Data were analysed in two stages: identification of key events in the kinetic data, and assessing concurrent validity of T1 based on the chosen key events with T1 provided by the kinematic data. The key event presenting the least systematic bias, along with a narrow 95% CI and limits of agreement against the reference standard T1, was the Baseline COPy event. Baseline COPy event was obtained using one force plate and presented excellent between-tester reliability. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A high-throughput two channel discrete wavelet transform architecture for the JPEG2000 standard

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Badakhshannoory, Hossein; Hashemi, Mahmoud R.; Aminlou, Alireza; Fatemi, Omid

2005-07-01

The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is increasingly recognized in image and video compression standards, as indicated by its use in JPEG2000. The lifting scheme algorithm is an alternative DWT implementation that has a lower computational complexity and reduced resource requirement. In the JPEG2000 standard two lifting scheme based filter banks are introduced: the 5/3 and 9/7. In this paper a high throughput, two channel DWT architecture for both of the JPEG2000 DWT filters is presented. The proposed pipelined architecture has two separate input channels that process the incoming samples simultaneously with minimum memory requirement for each channel. The architecture had been implemented in VHDL and synthesized on a Xilinx Virtex2 XCV1000. The proposed architecture applies DWT on a 2K by 1K image at 33 fps with a 75 MHZ clock frequency. This performance is achieved with 70% less resources than two independent single channel modules. The high throughput and reduced resource requirement has made this architecture the proper choice for real time applications such as Digital Cinema.

Flight dynamics analysis and simulation of heavy lift airships. Volume 5: Programmer's manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ringland, R. F.; Tischler, M. B.; Jex, H. R.; Emmen, R. D.; Ashkenas, I. L.

1982-01-01

The Programmer's Manual contains explanations of the logic embodied in the various program modules, a dictionary of program variables, a subroutine listing, subroutine/common block/cross reference listing, and a calling/called subroutine cross reference listing.

Making the Difference : Transportation Alternatives for Elderly and Handicapped Persons

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-08-01

This report contains project summaries of four examples of public transportation services for Elderly and Handicapped persons: the LIFT Project in Portland, OR; Roanoke Agencies Dial-A-Ride (RADAR) in Roanoke, VA; the Reduced Taxi Rate Program (RTR) ...

JPSS-1 Spacecraft Canning and Lift to Transport Trailer

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-10-23

In the Astrotech Processing Facility at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, technicians and engineers place the Joint Polar Satellite System-1, or JPSS-1, spacecraft in a protective container. It then will be mounted on a transport trailer for its move to Space Launch Complex 2. At the pad, JPSS-1 will be lifted for mating atop a United Launch Alliance Delta II rocket. Built by Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp. of Boulder, Colorado, JPSS is the first in a series four next-generation environmental satellites in a collaborative program between the NOAA and NASA. Liftoff is scheduled to take place from Vandenberg's Space Launch Complex 2.

JPSS-1 Spacecraft Canning and Lift to Transport Trailer

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-10-23

At Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, technicians and engineers have placed the Joint Polar Satellite System-1, or JPSS-1, spacecraft in a protective container. It then will be mounted on a transport trailer for its move from the Astrotech Processing Facility to Space Launch Complex 2. At the pad, JPSS-1 will be lifted for mating atop a United Launch Alliance Delta II rocket. Built by Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp. of Boulder, Colorado, JPSS is the first in a series four next-generation environmental satellites in a collaborative program between the NOAA and NASA. Liftoff is scheduled to take place from Vandenberg's Space Launch Complex 2.

KSC-07pd2596

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-09-27

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- With umbilical lines still attached, the payload canister containing the Italian-built U.S. Node 2 module, called Harmony, is lifted up toward the payload changeout room on Launch Pad 39A. The canister will be lifted to the payload changeout room and the module transferred inside. The payload will be installed in space shuttle Discovery's payload bay after the vehicle rolls out to the pad. Discovery is targeted for launch to the International Space Station for mission STS-120 on Oct. 23. The pressurized module will act as an internal connecting port and passageway to additional international science labs and cargo spacecraft. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

JPSS-1 Spacecraft Canning and Lift to Transport Trailer

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-10-23

In the Astrotech Processing Facility at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, technicians and engineers place the Joint Polar Satellite System-1, or JPSS-1, spacecraft in a protective container. It is then mounted on a transport trailer for its move to Space Launch Complex 2. At the pad, JPSS-1 will be lifted for mating atop a United Launch Alliance Delta II rocket. Built by Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp. of Boulder, Colorado, JPSS is the first in a series four next-generation environmental satellites in a collaborative program between the NOAA and NASA. Liftoff is scheduled to take place from Vandenberg's Space Launch Complex 2.

Texas passes first law for safe patient handling in America: landmark legislation protects health-care workers and patients from injury related to manual patient lifting.

PubMed

Hudson, Mary Anne

2005-01-01

On June 17,2005, Texas Governor Rick Perry (R) signed into law Senate Bill 1525, making Texas the first state in the nation to require hospitals and nursing homes to implement safe patient handling and movement programs. Governor Perry is to be commended for this heroic first stand for safe patient handling in America. The landmark legislation will take effect January 1, 2006, requiring the establishment of policy to identify, assess, and develop methods of controlling the risk of injury to patients and nurses associated with lifting, transferring, repositioning, and movement of patients; evaluation of alternative methods from manual lifting to reduce the risk of injury from patient lifting, including equipment and patient care environment; restricting, to the extent feasible with existing equipment, manual handling of all or most of a patient's weight to emergency, life-threatening, or exceptional circumstances; and provision for refusal to perform patient handling tasks believed to involve unacceptable risks of injury to a patient or nurse. Manually lifting patients has been called deplorable, inefficient, dangerous to nurses, and painful and brutal to patients; manual lifting can cause needless suffering and injury to patients, with dangers including pain, bruising, skin tears, abrasions, tube dislodgement, dislocations, fractures, and being dropped by nursing staff during attempts to manually lift. Use of safe, secure, mechanical lift equipment and gentle friction-reducing devices for patient maneuvering tasks could eliminate such needless brutality. Research has proven that manual patient lifting is extremely hazardous to health-care workers, creating substantial risk of low-back injury, whether with one or two patient handlers. Studies on the use of mechanical patient lift equipment, by either nursing staff or lift teams, have proven repeatedly that most nursing staff back injury is preventable, leading to substantial savings to employers on medical and compensation costs. Because the health-care industry has relied on people to do the work of machines, nursing work remains the most dangerous occupation for disabling back injury. Back injury from patient lifting may be the single largest contributor to the nursing shortage, with perhaps 12% of nurses leaving or being terminated because of back injury. The US health-care industry has not kept pace with other industries, which provide mechanical lift equipment for lifting loads equivalent to the weight of patients, or with other countries, such as Australia and England, which are more advanced in their use of modern technology for patient lifting and with no-lifting practices in compliance with government regulations and nursing policies banning manual lifting. With Texas being the first state to succeed in passing legislation for safe patient handling, other states are working toward legislative protection against injury with manual patient lifting. California re-introduced safe patient handling legislation on February 17, 2005, with CA SB 363, Hospitals: Lift Teams, following the September 22, 2004, veto of CA AB 2532 by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, who said he believes existing statutory protection and workplace safety standards are sufficient to protect health care workers from injury. Massachusetts HB 2662, Relating to Safe Patient Handling in Certain Health Facilities, was introduced December 1, 2004. Ohio HB 67, signed March 21, 2005 by Governor Bob Taft (R), creates a program for interest-free loans to nursing homes for implementation of a no-manual-lift program. New York companion bills AB 7641 and SB 4029 were introduced in April, 2005, calling for creation of a 2-year study to establish safe patient handling programs and collect data on nursing staff and patient injury with manual patient handling versus lift equipment, to determine best practices for improving health and safety of health-care workers and patients during patient handling. Washington State is planning re-introduction of safe patient handling legislation, after WA HB 1672, Relating to reducing injuries among patients and health care workers, was stalled in committee in February, 2005. Language from these state initiatives may be used as models to assist other states with drafting safe patient handling legislation. Rapid enactment of a federal mandate for Safe Patient Handling No Manual Lift is essential and anticipated.

Lift outs: how to acquire a high-functioning team.

PubMed

Groysberg, Boris; Abrahams, Robin

2006-12-01

More and more, expanding companies are hiring high-functioning groups of people who have been working together effectively within one company and can rapidly come up to speed in a new environment. These lifted-out teams don't need to get acquainted with one another or to establish shared values, mutual accountability, or group norms; their long-standing relationships and trust help them make an impact very quickly. Of course, the process is not without risks: A failed lift out can lead to loss of money, opportunity, credibility, and even native talent. Boris Groysberg and Robin Abrahams studied more than 40 high-profile moves and interviewed team leaders in multiple industries and countries to examine the risks and opportunities that lift outs present. They concluded that, regardless of industry, nationality, or size of the team, a successful lift out unfolds over four consecutive, interdependent stages that must be meticulously managed. In the courtship stage, the hiring company and the leader of the targeted team determine whether the proposed move is, in fact, a good idea, and then define their business goals and discuss strategies. At the same time, the team leader discusses the potential move with the other members of his or her group to assess their level of interest and prepare them for the change. The second stage involves the integration of the team leader with the new company's top leadership. This part of the process ensures the team's access to senior executives-the most important factor in a lift out's success. Operational integration is the focus of the third stage. Ideally, teams will start out working with the same or similar clients, vendors, and industry standards. The fourth stage entails full cultural integration. To succeed, the lifted-out team members must be willing to re-earn credibility by proving their value and winning their new colleagues' trust.

Advanced transportation system studies. Technical area 2: Heavy lift launch vehicle development. Volume 2; Technical Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

Sections 10 to 13 of the Advanced Transportation System Studies final report are included in this volume. Section 10 contains a copy of an executive summary that was prepared by Lockheed Space Operations Company (LSOC) to document their support to the TA-2 contract during the first-year period of performance of the contract, May 1992 through May 1993. LSOC participated on the TA-2 contract as part of the concurrent engineering launch system definition team, and provided outstanding heavy lift launch vehicle (HLLV) ground operations requirements and concept assessments for Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC) through an intercompany work transfer as well as providing specific HLLV ground operations assessments at the direction of NASA KSC through KSC funding that was routed to the TA-2 contract. Section 11 contains a copy of a vehicle-independent, launch system health management requirements assessment. The purpose of the assessment was to define both health management requirements and the associated interfaces between a generic advanced transportation system launch vehicle and all related elements of the entire transportation system, including the ground segment. Section 12 presents the major TA-2 presentations provided to summarize the significant results and conclusions that were developed over the course of the contract. Finally, Section 13 presents the design and assessment report on the first lunar outpost heavy lift launch vehicle.

The impact of urban open space and 'lift-up' building design on building intake fraction and daily pollutant exposure in idealized urban models.

PubMed

Sha, Chenyuan; Wang, Xuemei; Lin, Yuanyuan; Fan, Yifan; Chen, Xi; Hang, Jian

2018-08-15

Sustainable urban design is an effective way to improve urban ventilation and reduce vehicular pollutant exposure to urban residents. This paper investigated the impacts of urban open space and 'lift-up' building design on vehicular CO (carbon monoxide) exposure in typical three-dimensional (3D) urban canopy layer (UCL) models under neutral atmospheric conditions. The building intake fraction (IF) represents the fraction of total vehicular pollutant emissions inhaled by residents when they stay at home. The building daily CO exposure (E t ) means the extent of human beings' contact with CO within one day indoor at home. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations integrating with these two concepts were performed to solve turbulent flow and assess vehicular CO exposure to urban residents. CFD technique with the standard k-ε model was successfully validated by wind tunnel data. The initial numerical UCL model consists of 5-row and 5-column (5×5) cubic buildings (building height H=street width W=30m) with four approaching wind directions (θ=0°, 15°, 30°, 45°). In Group I, one of the 25 building models is removed to attain urban open space settings. In Group II, the first floor (Lift-up1), or second floor (Lift-up2), or third floor (Lift-up3) of all buildings is elevated respectively to create wind pathways through buildings. Compared to the initial case, urban open space can slightly or significantly reduce pollutant exposure for urban residents. As θ=30° and 45°, open space settings are more effective to reduce pollutant exposure than θ=0° and 15°.The pollutant dilution near or surrounding open space and in its adjacent downstream regions is usually enhanced. Lift-up1 and Lift-up2 experience much greater pollutant exposure reduction in all wind directions than Lift-up3 and open space. Although further investigations are still required to provide practical guidelines, this study is one of the first attempts for reducing urban pollutant exposure by improving urban design. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Decreasing an Offloading Device's Size and Offsetting Its Imposed Limb Length Discrepancy Lead to Improved Comfort and Gait.

PubMed

Crews, Ryan T; Candela, Joseph

2018-04-17

Patient adherence is a challenge in offloading diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) with removable cast walkers (RCWs). The size and weight of an RCW, changes to gait, and imposed limb length discrepancies may all discourage adherence. This study sought to determine whether RCW size and provision of a contralateral limb lift affected users' comfort and gait. Twenty-five individuals at risk for DFUs completed several 20-m walking trials under five footwear conditions: bilateral standardized shoes, a knee-high RCW with shoe with or without an external shoe lift contralaterally, and an ankle-high RCW with shoe with or without an external shoe lift contralaterally. Perceived comfort ratings were assessed through the use of visual analog scales. Spatial and temporal parameters of gait were captured by an instrumented walkway, and plantar pressure was measured and recorded using pedobarographic insoles. The bilateral shoes condition was reported to be most comfortable; both RCW conditions without the lift were significantly less comfortable ( P < 0.01). In contrast to the ankle-high RCW, the knee-high RCW resulted in significantly slower walking (5.6%; P < 0.01) but greater offloading in multiple forefoot regions of the offloaded foot (6.8-8.1%; P < 0.01). Use of the contralateral shoe lift resulted in significantly less variability in walking velocity (52.8%; P < 0.01) and reduced stance time for the offloaded foot (2.6%; P = 0.01), but it also reduced offloading in multiple forefoot regions of the offloaded foot (3.7-6.0%; P < 0.01). Improved comfort and gait were associated with the ankle-high RCW and contralateral limb lift. Providing this combination to patients with active DFUs may increase offloading adherence and subsequently improve healing. © 2018 by the American Diabetes Association.

The effect of postural changes (leg lifting) on tissue Doppler parameters in coronary artery disease.

PubMed

Pirat, Bahar; Yildirir, Aylin; Simşek, Vahide; Ozin, Bülent; Müderrisoğlu, Haldun

2008-03-01

We investigated the effect of increased preload through postural changes (leg lifting) on tissue Doppler parameters in patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD). The study included 42 patients who were scheduled for coronary angiography. All the patients underwent standard two-dimensional, color Doppler and tissue Doppler echocardiography before coronary angiography. Tissue Doppler imaging was performed from septal and lateral mitral annuluses at baseline and during 45 degrees leg lifting followed by two-minute stabilization. Patients were grouped based on coronary angiography findings: those having stenosis greater than 70% were considered to have CAD and those with normal coronary arteries comprised the control group. Echocardiography measurements were compared between the two groups. Angiography showed normal coronary arteries or border irregularities in 22 patients and CAD in 20 patients. The two groups were similar with regard to demographic data and ejection fractions, except for male preponderance in the CAD group. Compared with the control group, patients with CAD exhibited a significantly lower isovolumic acceleration rate (IVA) at the lateral (p=0.007) and septal (p=0.03) mitral annuluses. In the control group, leg lifting resulted in increased systolic velocity (S) compared with baseline at the lateral (p=0.009) and septal (p=0.01) annuluses, whereas S wave augmentation was only significant at the septal annulus (p=0.009) in patients with CAD. No significant change was observed in IVA following leg lifting in both groups. Preload alteration induced by leg lifting resulted in similar changes in tissue Doppler parameters in patients with and without CAD, except for blunted augmentation of S wave at the lateral annulus in CAD. Detection of decreased IVA at baseline may be a useful finding for CAD.

STS-38 Atlantis, OV-104, lifts off from KSC LC Pad during night launch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

STS-38 Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104, lifts off from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Launch Complex (LC) Pad at 6:48:15:0639 pm (Eastern Standard Time (EST)) for Department of Defense (DOD)-devoted mission. OV-104, atop the external tank (ET) and flanked by solid rocket boosters (SRBs), is almost clear of the launch tower which is lit up by the SRB and space shuttle main engine (SSME) firings. Spotlight equipment is silhouetted against the SRB/SSME glow in the foreground. The retracted rotating service structure (RSS) is highlighted against the evening darkness by the launch fireworks.

Association of Face-lift Surgery With Social Perception, Age, Attractiveness, Health, and Success.

PubMed

Nellis, Jason C; Ishii, Masaru; Papel, Ira D; Kontis, Theda C; Byrne, Patrick J; Boahene, Kofi D O; Bater, Kristin L; Ishii, Lisa E

2017-07-01

Evidence quantifying the influence of face-lift surgery on societal perceptions is lacking. To measure the association of face-lift surgery with observer-graded perceived age, attractiveness, success, and overall health. In a web-based survey, 526 casual observers naive to the purpose of the study viewed independent images of 13 unique female patient faces before or after face-lift surgery from January 1, 2016, through June 30, 2016. The Delphi method was used to select standardized patient images confirming appropriate patient candidacy and overall surgical effect. Observers estimated age and rated the attractiveness, perceived success, and perceived overall health for each patient image. Facial perception questions were answered on a visual analog scale from 0 to 100, with higher scores corresponding to more positive responses. To evaluate the accuracy of observer age estimation, the patients' preoperative estimated mean age was compared with the patients' actual mean age. A multivariate mixed-effects regression model was used to determine the effect of face-lift surgery. To further characterize the effect of face-lift surgery, estimated ordinal-rank change was calculated for each domain. Blinded casual observer ratings of patients estimated age, attractiveness, perceived success, and perceived overall health. A total of 483 observers (mean [SD] age, 29 [8.6] years; 382 women [79.4%]) successfully completed the survey. Comparing patients' preoperative estimated mean (SD) age (59.6 [9.0] years) and patients' actual mean (SD) age (58.4 [6.9] years) revealed no significant difference (t2662 = -0.47; 95% CI, -6.07 to 3.72; P = .64). On multivariate regression, patients after face-lift surgery were rated as significantly younger (coefficient, -3.69; 95% CI -4.15 to -3.23; P < .001), more attractive (coefficient, 8.21; 95% CI, 7.41-9.02; P < .001), more successful (coefficient, 5.82; 95% CI, 5.05 to 6.59; P < .001), and overall healthier (coefficient, 8.72; 95% CI, 7.88-9.56; P < .001). The ordinal rank changes for an average individual were -21 for perceived age, 21 for attractiveness, 16 for success, and 21 for overall health. In this study, observer perceptions of face-lift surgery were associated with views that patients appeared younger, more attractive, healthier, and more successful. These findings highlight observer perceptions of face-lift surgery that could positively influence social interactions. NA.

43 CFR 426.13 - Excess land appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... cost methods, as applicable. Reclamation will consider nonproject water supply factors as provided in... standard appraisal procedures. (c) Appraisals of nonproject water supplies. (1) The appraiser will consider nonproject water supply factors, where appropriate, including: (i) Ground water pumping lift; (ii) Surface...

Transition Documentation on a Three-Element High-Lift Configuration at High Reynolds Numbers: Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bertelrud, Arild; Anders, J. B. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

A 2-D high-lift system experiment was conducted in August of 1996 in the Low Turbulence Pressure Tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA. The purpose of the experiment was to obtain transition measurements on a three element high-lift system for CFD code validation studies. A transition database has been created using the data from this experiment. The present report contains the analysis of the surface hot film data in terms of the transition locations on the three elements. It also includes relevant information regarding the pressure loads and distributions and the wakes behind the model to aid in the interpretation of the transition data. For some of the configurations the current pressure data has been compared with previous wind tunnel entries of the same model. The methodology used to determine the regions of transitional flow is outlined and each configuration tested has been analyzed. A discussion of interference effects, repeatability, and three-dimensional effects on the data is included.

A switchable positive and negative air pressure device for efficient and gentle handling of nanofiber scaffolds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hotaling, Nathan A.; Khristov, Vladimir; Maminishkis, Arvydas; Bharti, Kapil; Simon, Carl G.

2017-10-01

A scaffold handling device (SHD) has been designed that can switch from gentle suction to positive pressure to lift and place nanofiber scaffolds. In tissue engineering laboratories, delicate fibrous scaffolds, such as electrospun nanofiber scaffolds, are often used as substrates for cell culture. Typical scaffold handling procedures include lifting the scaffolds, moving them from one container to another, sterilization, and loading scaffolds into cell culture plates. Using tweezers to handle the scaffolds can be slow, can damage the scaffolds, and can cause them to wrinkle or fold. Scaffolds may also acquire a static charge which makes them difficult to put down as they cling to tweezers. An SHD has been designed that enables more efficient, gentle lifting, and placement of delicate scaffolds. Most of the parts to make the SHD can be purchased, except for the tip which can be 3D-printed. The SHD enables more reliable handling of nanofiber scaffolds that may improve the consistency of biomanufacturing processes.

Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography

PubMed Central

Slaughter, Liane S; Cheung, Kevin M; Kaappa, Sami; Cao, Huan H; Yang, Qing; Young, Thomas D; Serino, Andrew C; Malola, Sami; Olson, Jana M; Link, Stephan

2017-01-01

The supported monolayer of Au that accompanies alkanethiolate molecules removed by polymer stamps during chemical lift-off lithography is a scarcely studied hybrid material. We show that these Au–alkanethiolate layers on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) are transparent, functional, hybrid interfaces that can be patterned over nanometer, micrometer, and millimeter length scales. Unlike other ultrathin Au films and nanoparticles, lifted-off Au–alkanethiolate thin films lack a measurable optical signature. We therefore devised fabrication, characterization, and simulation strategies by which to interrogate the nanoscale structure, chemical functionality, stoichiometry, and spectral signature of the supported Au–thiolate layers. The patterning of these layers laterally encodes their functionality, as demonstrated by a fluorescence-based approach that relies on dye-labeled complementary DNA hybridization. Supported thin Au films can be patterned via features on PDMS stamps (controlled contact), using patterned Au substrates prior to lift-off (e.g., selective wet etching), or by patterning alkanethiols on Au substrates to be reactive in selected regions but not others (controlled reactivity). In all cases, the regions containing Au–alkanethiolate layers have a sub-nanometer apparent height, which was found to be consistent with molecular dynamics simulations that predicted the removal of no more than 1.5 Au atoms per thiol, thus presenting a monolayer-like structure. PMID:29259879

Zero-moment point determination of worst-case manoeuvres leading to vehicle wheel lift

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lapapong, S.; Brown, A. A.; Swanson, K. S.; Brennan, S. N.

2012-01-01

This paper proposes a method to evaluate vehicle rollover propensity based on a frequency-domain representation of the zero-moment point (ZMP). Unlike other rollover metrics such as the static stability factor, which is based on the steady-state behaviour, and the load transfer ratio, which requires the calculation of tyre forces, the ZMP is based on a simplified kinematic model of the vehicle and the analysis of the contact point of the vehicle relative to the edge of the support polygon. Previous work has validated the use of the ZMP experimentally in its ability to predict wheel lift in the time domain. This work explores the use of the ZMP in the frequency domain to allow a chassis designer to understand how operating conditions and vehicle parameters affect rollover propensity. The ZMP analysis is then extended to calculate worst-case sinusoidal manoeuvres that lead to untripped wheel lift, and the analysis is tested across several vehicle configurations and compared with that of the standard Toyota J manoeuvre.

Hazardous Air Pollutant Free Replacement for Specification A-A-1936A Contact Adhesive

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-02-01

volatile organic compound (VOC). Six alternative low-HAP or HAP-free commercial adhesives were evaluated using high-pressure decorative plastic laminate... compounds (VOCs) (5). The HAPs are petroleum distillate, n-hexane, and toluene. Also, this product contains cyclohexane (VOC), and acetone (HAP and...vinyl, drywall , wood, and plywood (19). This product contains toluene HAP/VOC at 1–5 wt.% (20). 4 3. Experimental Method 3.1 Edge Lift Test

The influence of anthropometrics on physical employment standard performance.

PubMed

Reilly, T; Spivock, M; Prayal-Brown, A; Stockbrugger, B; Blacklock, R

2016-10-01

The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) recently implemented the Fitness for Operational Requirements of CAF Employment (FORCE), a new physical employment standard (PES). Data collection throughout development included anthropometric profiles of the CAF. To determine if anthropometric measurements and demographic information would predict the performance outcomes of the FORCE and/or Common Military Task Fitness Evaluation (CMTFE). We conducted a secondary analysis of data from FORCE research. We obtained bioelectrical impedance and segmental analysis. Statistical analysis included correlation and linear regression analyses. Among the 668 study subjects, as predicted, any task requiring lifting, pulling or moving of an object was significantly and positively correlated (r > 0.67) to lean body mass (LBM) measurements. LBM correlated with stretcher carry (r = 0.78) and with lifting actions such as sand bag drag (r = 0.77), vehicle extrication (r = 0.71), sand bag fortification (r = 0.68) and sand bag lift time (r = -0.67). The difference between the correlation of dead mass (DM) with task performance compared with LBM was not statistically significant. DM and LBM can be used in a PES to predict success on military tasks such as casualty evacuation and manual material handling. However, there is no minimum LBM required to perform these tasks successfully. These data direct future research on how we should diversify research participants by anthropometrics, in addition to the traditional demographic variables of gender and age, to highlight potential important adverse impact with PES design. In addition, the results can be used to develop better training regimens to facilitate passing a PES. © All rights reserved. ‘The Influence of Anthropometrics on Physical Employment Standard Performance’ has been reproduced with the permission of DND, 2016.

JPSS-1 Spacecraft Canning and Lift to Transport Trailer

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-10-23

In the Astrotech Processing Facility at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, the Joint Polar Satellite System-1, or JPSS-1, spacecraft is wrapped in a protective covering prior to technicians and engineers placing it in a protective container. It then will be mounted on a transport trailer for its move to Space Launch Complex 2. At the pad, JPSS-1 will be lifted for mating atop a United Launch Alliance Delta II rocket. Built by Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp. of Boulder, Colorado, JPSS is the first in a series four next-generation environmental satellites in a collaborative program between the NOAA and NASA. Liftoff is scheduled to take place from Vandenberg's Space Launch Complex 2.

Fundamental limitations on V/STOL terminal guidance due to aircraft characteristics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wolkovitch, J.; Lamont, C. W.; Lochtie, D. W.

1971-01-01

A review is given of limitations on approach flight paths of V/STOL aircraft, including limits on descent angle due to maximum drag/lift ratio. A method of calculating maximum drag/lift ratio of tilt-wing and deflected slipstream aircraft is presented. Derivatives and transfer functions for the CL-84 tilt-wing and X-22A tilt-duct aircraft are presented. For the unaugmented CL-84 in steep descents the transfer function relating descent angle to thrust contains a right-half plane zero. Using optimal control theory, it is shown that this zero causes a serious degradation in the accuracy with which steep flight paths can be followed in the presence of gusts.

Method and apparatus for gasifying with a fluidized bed gasifier having integrated pretreating facilities

DOEpatents

Rice, Louis F.

1981-01-01

An integral gasifier including a pretreater section and a gasifier section separated by a distribution grid is defined by a single vessel. The pretreater section pretreats coal or other carbon-containing material to be gasified to prevent caking and agglomeration of the coal in the gasifier. The level of the coal bed of the pretreater section and thus the holding or residence time in said bed is selectively regulated by the amount of pretreated coal which is lifted up a lift pipe into the gasifier section. Thus, the holding time in the pretreater section can be varied according to the amount of pretreat necessary for the particular coal to be gasified.

The aerodynamic characteristics of seven frequently used wing sections at full Reynolds number

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Munk, Max M; Miller, Elton W

1927-01-01

This report contains the aerodynamic properties of the wing sections U.S.A. 5, U.S.A. 27, U.S.A. 35 A, U.S.A. 35 B, Clark Y, R.A.F. 15, and Gottingen 387, as determined at various Reynolds numbers up to an approximately full scale value in the variable density wind tunnel of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. It is shown that the characteristics of the wings investigated are affected greatly and in a somewhat erratic manner by variation of the Reynolds number. In general there is a small increase in maximum lift and an appreciable decrease in drag at all lifts.

Hybrid BEM/empirical approach for scattering of correlated sources in rocket noise prediction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barbarino, Mattia; Adamo, Francesco P.; Bianco, Davide; Bartoccini, Daniele

2017-09-01

Empirical models such as the Eldred standard model are commonly used for rocket noise prediction. Such models directly provide a definition of the Sound Pressure Level through the quadratic pressure term by uncorrelated sources. In this paper, an improvement of the Eldred Standard model has been formulated. This new formulation contains an explicit expression for the acoustic pressure of each noise source, in terms of amplitude and phase, in order to investigate the sources correlation effects and to propagate them through a wave equation. In particular, the correlation effects between adjacent and not-adjacent sources have been modeled and analyzed. The noise prediction obtained with the revised Eldred-based model has then been used for formulating an empirical/BEM (Boundary Element Method) hybrid approach that allows an evaluation of the scattering effects. In the framework of the European Space Agency funded program VECEP (VEga Consolidation and Evolution Programme), these models have been applied for the prediction of the aeroacoustics loads of the VEGA (Vettore Europeo di Generazione Avanzata - Advanced Generation European Carrier Rocket) launch vehicle at lift-off and the results have been compared with experimental data.

Estimation of low back moments from video analysis: a validation study.

PubMed

Coenen, Pieter; Kingma, Idsart; Boot, Cécile R L; Faber, Gert S; Xu, Xu; Bongers, Paulien M; van Dieën, Jaap H

2011-09-02

This study aimed to develop, compare and validate two versions of a video analysis method for assessment of low back moments during occupational lifting tasks since for epidemiological studies and ergonomic practice relatively cheap and easily applicable methods to assess low back loads are needed. Ten healthy subjects participated in a protocol comprising 12 lifting conditions. Low back moments were assessed using two variants of a video analysis method and a lab-based reference method. Repeated measures ANOVAs showed no overall differences in peak moments between the two versions of the video analysis method and the reference method. However, two conditions showed a minor overestimation of one of the video analysis method moments. Standard deviations were considerable suggesting that errors in the video analysis were random. Furthermore, there was a small underestimation of dynamic components and overestimation of the static components of the moments. Intraclass correlations coefficients for peak moments showed high correspondence (>0.85) of the video analyses with the reference method. It is concluded that, when a sufficient number of measurements can be taken, the video analysis method for assessment of low back loads during lifting tasks provides valid estimates of low back moments in ergonomic practice and epidemiological studies for lifts up to a moderate level of asymmetry. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Laboratory Scale Vortex Generator for Simulation of Martian Dust Devils.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balme, M.; Greeley, R.; Mickelson, B.; Iversen, J.; Beardmore, G.; Metzger, S.

2001-12-01

Martian dust particles are a few microns in diameter. Current Martian ambient wind speeds appear to be insufficient to lift such fine particles and are marginal to entrain even the optimum particles sizes for threshold (100-160mm diameter). Instead, dust devils were suggested as a local source of airborne particles and have been observed on Mars both from orbit and from lander data. Dust devils lift particles through enhanced local wind speeds and by a pressure drop often associated with the vortex which provides `lift'. This study seeks to 1) quantify the relative importance of enhanced wind speed versus pressure drop lift in dust devil entrainment threshold; 2) measure the mass transport potential of dust devils; 3) investigate the effects of surface roughness and topography on dust devil morphology; 4) quantify the overall effects of low atmospheric pressure on the formation, structure and entrainment processes of dust devils. To investigate the particle lifting properties of dust devils, a laboratory vortex generator was fabricated. It consists of a large vertical cylinder (45 and 75cm in diameter) containing a motor-driven rotor comprised of four vertical blades. Beneath the cylinder is a 2.4 by 2.4 m tabletop containing 14 differential pressure transducer ports used to measure the surface pressure structure of the vortex. Both the distance between the cylinder and the tabletop and the height of the blades within the cylinder can be varied. By controlling these variables and the angular velocity of the blades, a wide range of geometries and intensities of atmospheric vortices can be achieved. The apparatus is portable for use both under terrestrial atmospheric conditions and in the NASA-Ames Research Center Mars Surface Wind Tunnel facility to simulate Martian atmospheric conditions. The laboratory simulation is preferable to a numerical model because direct measurements of dust lifting threshold can be made and holds several advantages over terrestrial field measurements in that it is convenient, easily instrumented and, most importantly, can be moved to a low-pressure environment. Terrestrial field data are necessary, however, to validate the laboratory simulation as a good approximation of reality. Field measurements show that both pressure and velocity structure of the laboratory-generated vortex are similar to terrestrial dust devils. Initial threshold tests under terrestrial conditions show that the geometry of the vortex plays a key role in the angular velocity required to entrain material: smaller vortices have lower angular velocities at threshold. This is thought to be due to the smaller inflow boundary layer associated with narrow vortices and hence enhanced shear stress. However, calculations show that the shear stresses at the surface are at least two orders of magnitude less than the upward force caused by the pressure drop at the center of the vortex. This leads to the tentative conclusion that the actual particle lifting action of the `lift' force is minimal. A full program of experiments using this apparatus is under way to confirm these initial findings and a sequence of experiments under Martian conditions is being planned.

Jacks--A Study of Simple Machines.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parsons, Ralph

This vocational physics individualized student instructional module on jacks (simple machines used to lift heavy objects) contains student prerequisites and objectives, an introduction, and sections on the ratchet bumper jack, the hydraulic jack, the screw jack, and load limitations. Designed with a laboratory orientation, each section consists of…

Inherent Variability in Short-time Wind Turbine Statistics from Turbulence Structure in the Atmospheric Surface Layer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lavely, Adam; Vijayakumar, Ganesh; Brasseur, James; Paterson, Eric; Kinzel, Michael

2011-11-01

Using large-eddy simulation (LES) of the neutral and moderately convective atmospheric boundary layers (NBL, MCBL), we analyze the impact of coherent turbulence structure of the atmospheric surface layer on the short-time statistics that are commonly collected from wind turbines. The incoming winds are conditionally sampled with a filtering and thresholding algorithm into high/low horizontal and vertical velocity fluctuation coherent events. The time scales of these events are ~5 - 20 blade rotations and are roughly twice as long in the MCBL as the NBL. Horizontal velocity events are associated with greater variability in rotor power, lift and blade-bending moment than vertical velocity events. The variability in the industry standard 10 minute average for rotor power, sectional lift and wind velocity had a standard deviation of ~ 5% relative to the ``infinite time'' statistics for the NBL and ~10% for the MCBL. We conclude that turbulence structure associated with atmospheric stability state contributes considerable, quantifiable, variability to wind turbine statistics. Supported by NSF and DOE.

A biphasic approach for the study of lift generation in soft porous media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Qianhong; Santhanam, Sridhar; Nathan, Rungun; Wang, Qiuyun

2017-04-01

Lift generation in highly compressible porous media under rapid compression continues to be an important topic in porous media flow. Although significant progress has been made, how to model different lifting forces during the compression process remains unclear. This is mainly because the input parameters of the existing theoretical studies, including the Darcy permeability of the porous media and the viscous damping coefficient of its solid phase, were manually adjusted so as to match the experimental data. In the current paper, we report a biphasic approach to experimentally and theoretically treat this limitation. Synthetic fibrous porous materials, whose permeability were precisely measured, were subsequently exposed to sudden impacts using a porous-walled cylinder-piston apparatus. The obtained time-dependent compression of the porous media, along with the permeability data, was applied in two different theoretical models to predict the pore pressure generation, a plug flow model and a consolidation model [Q. Wu et al., J. Fluid Mech. 542, 281 (2005a)]. Comparison between the theory and the experiments on the pore pressure distribution proved the validity of the consolidation model. Furthermore, a viscoelastic model, containing a nonlinear spring in conjunction with a linear viscoelastic generalized Maxwell mechanical module, was developed to characterize the solid phase lifting force. The model matched the experimental data very well. The paper presented herein, as one of the series studies on this topic, provides an important biphasic approach to characterize different forces that contribute to the lift generation in a soft porous medium under rapid compression.

77 FR 75739 - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Chemical Manufacturing Area Sources

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-21

...On January 30, 2012, the EPA proposed revisions to several provisions of the final National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Chemical Manufacturing Area Sources. The proposed revisions were made, in part, in response to a petition for reconsideration received by the Administrator following the promulgation of the October 29, 2009, final rule (``2009 final rule''). In this action, the EPA is finalizing those amendments, lifting the stay of the title V permit requirement issued on March 14, 2011, and lifting the stay of the final rule issued on October 25, 2012. In addition, this final action includes revisions to the EPA's approach for addressing malfunctions and standards applicable during startup and shutdown periods. This final action also includes amendments and technical corrections to the final rule to clarify applicability and compliance issues raised by stakeholders subject to the 2009 final rule. The revisions to the final rule do not reduce the level of environmental protection or emissions control on sources regulated by this rule but provide flexibility and clarity to improve implementation. This action also extends the compliance date for existing sources and the EPA's final response to all issues raised in the petition for reconsideration.

System technology analysis of aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicles: Moderate lift/drag (0.75-1.5). Volume 3: Cost estimates and work breakdown structure/dictionary, phase 1 and 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

Technology payoffs of representative ground based (Phase 1) and space based (Phase 2) mid lift/drag ratio aeroassisted orbit transfer vehicles (AOTV) were assessed and prioritized. A narrative summary of the cost estimates and work breakdown structure/dictionary for both study phases is presented. Costs were estimated using the Grumman Space Programs Algorithm for Cost Estimating (SPACE) computer program and results are given for four AOTV configurations. The work breakdown structure follows the standard of the joint government/industry Space Systems Cost Analysis Group (SSCAG). A table is provided which shows cost estimates for each work breakdown structure element.

Numerical Viscous Flow Analysis of an Advanced Semispan Diamond-Wing Model at High-Life Conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ghaffari, F.; Biedron, R. T.; Luckring, J. M.

2002-01-01

Turbulent Navier-Stokes computational results are presented for an advanced diamond wing semispan model at low speed, high-lift conditions. The numerical results are obtained in support of a wind-tunnel test that was conducted in the National Transonic Facility (NTF) at the NASA Langley Research Center. The model incorporated a generic fuselage and was mounted on the tunnel sidewall using a constant width standoff. The analyses include: (1) the numerical simulation of the NTF empty, tunnel flow characteristics; (2) semispan high-lift model with the standoff in the tunnel environment; (3) semispan high-lift model with the standoff and viscous sidewall in free air; and (4) semispan high-lift model without the standoff in free air. The computations were performed at conditions that correspond to a nominal approach and landing configuration. The wing surface pressure distributions computed for the model in both the tunnel and in free air agreed well with the corresponding experimental data and they both indicated small increments due to the wall interference effects. However, the wall interference effects were found to be more pronounced in the total measured and the computed lift, drag and pitching moment due to standard induced up-flow effects. Although the magnitudes of the computed forces and moment were slightly off compared to the measured data, the increments due the wall interference effects were predicted well. The numerical predictions are also presented on the combined effects of the tunnel sidewall boundary layer and the standoff geometry on the fuselage fore-body pressure distributions and the resulting impact on the overall configuration longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics.

Inspection In Overhead Spaces Containing Asbestos

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bell, Jacque; Hartwick, George; Hutcherson, Jerry

1989-01-01

Procedure for inspection in spaces above dropped ceilings that contain asbestos saves time and effort without sacrificing safety. With new method, only items of safety equipment needed are glove bag, storage bag, and roll of adhesive tape. Inspector tapes glove bag tightly to support grid around ceiling tile to be removed. With hands in gloves inspector lifts tile gently and places it aside. Extending head and shoulders into bag, inspector examines space above ceiling with help of flashlight.

Agricultural Machinery - Equipment. Agricultural Cooperative Training. Vocational Agricluture. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sandlin, David, Comp.; And Others

Designed for students enrolled in the Agricultural Cooperative Part-Time Training Program, this course of study contains 12 units on agricultural machinery mechanics. Units include (examples of unit topics in parentheses): introduction (agricultural mechanics as an occupation; safety--shop and equipment; use of holding devices, jacks, lifts, and…

Signaling as a Cognitive Guide in Multimedia Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mautone, Patricia D.; Mayer, Richard E.

2001-01-01

In three experiments, students received a short science lesson on how airplanes achieve lift and then were asked to write an explanation (retention test) and solutions to five problems (transfer test). For some students, the lesson contained signals such as section headings and pointer words. Students given signals generated significantly more…

Budget of the U.S. Government, Fiscal Year 2017

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President, 2016

2016-01-01

"Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2017" contains the Budget Message of the President, information on the President's priorities, and summary tables. President Obama's 2017 Budget makes critical investments while adhering to the bipartisan budget agreement he signed into the previous fall, and it lifts sequestration in…

Being a Nursing Aide; Student Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Hospital Association, Chicago, IL.

Developed for students receiving on-the-job training as nursing aides, this illustrated manual contains these chapters: (1) Orientation, (2) Introduction to the Patient, (3) Your Working Environment, (4) The Patient's Unit: Making the Unoccupied Bed, (5) Lifting, Moving, and Transporting Patients: Making the Occupied Bed, (6) Personal Care of the…

Determining Changes in Electromyography Indices when Measuring Maximum Acceptable Weight of Lift in Iranian Male Students.

PubMed

Salehi Sahl Abadi, A; Mazloumi, A; Nasl Saraji, G; Zeraati, H; Hadian, M R; Jafari, A H

2018-03-01

In spite of the increasing degree of automation in industry, manual material handling (MMH) is still performed in many occupational settings. The aim of the current study was to determine the maximum acceptable weight of lift using psychophysical and electromyography indices. This experimental study was conducted among 15 male students recruited from Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Each participant performed 18 different lifting tasks which involved three lifting frequencies, three lifting heights and two box sizes. Each set of experiments was conducted during the 20 min work period using free-style lifting technique and subjective as well as objective assessment methodologies. SPSS version 18 software was used for descriptive and analytical analyses by Friedman, Wilcoxon and Spearman correlation techniques. The results demonstrated that muscle activity increased with increasing frequency, height of lift and box size (P<0.05). Meanwhile, MAWLs obtained in this study are lower than those in Snook table (P<0.05). In this study, the level of muscle activity in percent MVC in relation to the erector spine muscles in L3 and T9 regions as well as left and right abdominal external oblique muscles were at 38.89%, 27.78%, 11.11% and 5.55% in terms of muscle activity is more than 70% MVC, respectively. The results of Wilcoxon test revealed that for both small and large boxes under all conditions, significant differences were detected between the beginning and end of the test values for MPF of erector spine in L3 and T9 regions, and left and right abdominal external oblique muscles (P<0.05). The results of Spearman correlation test showed that there was a significant relation between the MAWL, RMS and MPF of the muscles in all test conditions (P<0.05). Based on the results of this study, it was concluded if muscle activity is more than 70% of MVC, the values of Snook tables should be revisited. Furthermore, the biomechanical perspective should receive special attention in determining the standards for MMH.

The reliability of detecting digital dermatitis in the milking parlour.

PubMed

Stokes, J E; Leach, K A; Main, D C J; Whay, H R

2012-09-01

Digital dermatitis (DD) is currently the most problematic infectious skin disease in dairy cattle associated with lameness. Reducing the disease prevalence through early detection and treatment is an essential management tool. The traditional detection method involves lifting and inspecting the feet in a cattle crush, but this is a time intensive and costly practice and impractical for regular detection of individual cases or monitoring herd prevalence. This study aimed to establish the accuracy of detecting and classifying DD lesions in traditional (pit) milking parlours compared with a borescope, and a gold standard lifted foot inspection. With the exception of one lesion, parlour screening was as accurate as the lifted foot inspection in determining the presence of 86 DD lesions on 160 hind feet (99% agreement; κ 0.99; sensitivity 1.00; specificity 0.99). Describing lesions by colour, depth or stage of lesion in the parlour or using the borescope reached substantial agreement with the gold standard. The stage of lesion was closely linked to colour and depth descriptors. There was greater agreement when categorising more advanced stages of disease progression. Borescope and parlour inspections led to both over and under recording of actual size, particularly in smaller lesions. Screening cows in traditional milking parlours for the presence of DD was found to be an accurate and practical means of detecting lesions. This method should be considered for on farm use to evaluate DD prevention and treatment strategies. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Validation of a mobility item bank for older patients in primary care.

PubMed

Cabrero-García, Julio; Ramos-Pichardo, Juan Diego; Muñoz-Mendoza, Carmen Luz; Cabañero-Martínez, María José; González-Llopis, Lorena; Reig-Ferrer, Abilio

2012-12-05

To develop and validate an item bank to measure mobility in older people in primary care and to analyse differential item functioning (DIF) and differential bundle functioning (DBF) by sex. A pool of 48 mobility items was administered by interview to 593 older people attending primary health care practices. The pool contained four domains based on the International Classification of Functioning: changing and maintaining body position, carrying, lifting and pushing, walking and going up and down stairs. The Late Life Mobility item bank consisted of 35 items, and measured with a reliability of 0.90 or more across the full spectrum of mobility, except at the higher end of better functioning. No evidence was found of non-uniform DIF but uniform DIF was observed, mainly for items in the changing and maintaining body position and carrying, lifting and pushing domains. The walking domain did not display DBF, but the other three domains did, principally the carrying, lifting and pushing items. During the design and validation of an item bank to measure mobility in older people, we found that strength (carrying, lifting and pushing) items formed a secondary dimension that produced DBF. More research is needed to determine how best to include strength items in a mobility measure, or whether it would be more appropriate to design separate measures for each construct.

Gurney flap—Lift enhancement, mechanisms and applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, J. J.; Li, Y. C.; Choi, K.-S.

2008-01-01

Since its invention by a race car driver Dan Gurney in 1960s, the Gurney flap has been used to enhance the aerodynamics performance of subsonic and supercritical airfoils, high-lift devices and delta wings. In order to take stock of recent research and development of Gurney flap, we have carried out a review of the characteristics and mechanisms of lift enhancement by the Gurney flap and its applications. Optimum design of the Gurney flap is also summarized in this paper. For the Gurney flap to be effective, it should be mounted at the trailing edge perpendicular to the chord line of airfoil or wing. The flap height must be of the order of local boundary layer thickness. For subsonic airfoils, an additional Gurney flap increases the pressure on the upstream surface of the Gurney flap, which increases the total pressure of the lower surface. At the same time, a long wake downstream of the flap containing a pair of counter-rotating vortices can delay or eliminate the flow separation near the trailing edge on the upper surface. Correspondingly, the total suction on the airfoil is increased. For supercritical airfoils, the lift enhancement of the Gurney flap mainly comes from its ability to shift the shock on the upper surface in the downstream. Applications of the Gurney flap to modern aircraft design are also discussed in this review.

Sea Butterfly Swimming: Time-resolved Tomographic PIV measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murphy, David; Zheng, Lingxiao; Mittal, Rajat; Webster, Donald; Yen, Jeannette

2011-11-01

The planktonic sea butterfly Limacina helicina swims by flapping its flexible, wing-like parapodia. The appendage stroke kinematics of this shell-bearing pteropod are three-dimensional and likely contain elements of both drag-based (rowing) and lift-based (flapping) propulsion. Unsteady lift-generating mechanisms such as clap-and-fling may also be present. Upstroke and downstroke motions both propel the animal upward and roll it forwards and backwards, resulting in a sawtooth trajectory. We present time-resolved, tomographic PIV measurements of flow generated by free-swimming pteropods (Limacina helicina) moving upwards with average swimming speeds of 5 - 17 mm/s. The pteropods beat their appendages with a stroke frequency of 4 - 5 Hz. With a size range of 1 - 2 mm, the animals filmed in this study operate in a viscous environment with a Reynolds number of 5 to 20. The volumetric flow measurements provide insight into the three dimensional nature of the flow and into the relative importance of drag- and lift-based propulsion at this low Reynolds number. Preliminary results from Navier-Stokes simulations of the flow associated with the swimming of this organism will also be presented.

Directed self-assembly of nanogold using a chemically modified nanopatterned surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nidetz, Robert; Kim, Jinsang

2012-02-01

Electron-beam lithography (EBL) was used to define an aminosilane nanopatterned surface in order to electrostatically self-assemble gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). The chemically modified nanopatterned surfaces were immersed into a Au NP solution to allow the Au NPs to self-assemble. Equilibrium self-assembly was achieved in only 20 min. The number of Au NPs that self-assembled on an aminosilane dot was controlled by manipulating the diameters of both the Au NPs and the dots. Adding salt to the Au NP solution enabled the Au NPs to self-assemble in greater numbers on the same sized dot. However, the preparation of the Au NP solution containing salt was sensitive to spikes in the salt concentration. These spikes led to aggregation of the Au NPs and non-specific deposition of Au NPs on the substrate. The Au NP patterned surfaces were immersed in a sodium hydroxide solution in order to lift-off the patterned Au NPs, but no lift-off was observed without adequate physical agitation. The van der Waals forces are too strong to allow for lift-off despite the absence of electrostatic forces.

14 CFR 27.961 - Fuel system hot weather operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Fuel System § 27.961 Fuel system hot weather operation. Each suction lift fuel system and other fuel systems with features conducive to... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fuel system hot weather operation. 27.961...

14 CFR 27.961 - Fuel system hot weather operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Fuel System § 27.961 Fuel system hot weather operation. Each suction lift fuel system and other fuel systems with features conducive to... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Fuel system hot weather operation. 27.961...

14 CFR 29.961 - Fuel system hot weather operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Fuel System § 29.961 Fuel system hot weather operation. Each suction lift fuel system and other fuel systems conducive to vapor... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Fuel system hot weather operation. 29.961...

14 CFR 27.961 - Fuel system hot weather operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Fuel System § 27.961 Fuel system hot weather operation. Each suction lift fuel system and other fuel systems with features conducive to... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Fuel system hot weather operation. 27.961...

14 CFR 27.961 - Fuel system hot weather operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Fuel System § 27.961 Fuel system hot weather operation. Each suction lift fuel system and other fuel systems with features conducive to... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Fuel system hot weather operation. 27.961...

14 CFR 29.961 - Fuel system hot weather operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Fuel System § 29.961 Fuel system hot weather operation. Each suction lift fuel system and other fuel systems conducive to vapor... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Fuel system hot weather operation. 29.961...

14 CFR 27.961 - Fuel system hot weather operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Fuel System § 27.961 Fuel system hot weather operation. Each suction lift fuel system and other fuel systems with features conducive to... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Fuel system hot weather operation. 27.961...

14 CFR 29.961 - Fuel system hot weather operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Fuel System § 29.961 Fuel system hot weather operation. Each suction lift fuel system and other fuel systems conducive to vapor... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Fuel system hot weather operation. 29.961...

14 CFR 29.961 - Fuel system hot weather operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Fuel System § 29.961 Fuel system hot weather operation. Each suction lift fuel system and other fuel systems conducive to vapor... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fuel system hot weather operation. 29.961...

14 CFR 29.961 - Fuel system hot weather operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Fuel System § 29.961 Fuel system hot weather operation. Each suction lift fuel system and other fuel systems conducive to vapor... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Fuel system hot weather operation. 29.961...

49 CFR 178.708 - Standards for fiberboard IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) Construction requirements for fiberboard IBCs are as follows: (1) Top lifting devices are prohibited in... foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter). (ii.... Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from sharp protrusions that might damage...

49 CFR 178.708 - Standards for fiberboard IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) Construction requirements for fiberboard IBCs are as follows: (1) Top lifting devices are prohibited in... foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter). (ii.... Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from sharp protrusions that might damage...

49 CFR 178.708 - Standards for fiberboard IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) Construction requirements for fiberboard IBCs are as follows: (1) Top lifting devices are prohibited in... foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter). (ii.... Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from sharp protrusions that might damage...

49 CFR 178.708 - Standards for fiberboard IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) Construction requirements for fiberboard IBCs are as follows: (1) Top lifting devices are prohibited in... foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter). (ii.... Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from sharp protrusions that might damage...

14 CFR 31.1 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... applicable requirements of this part. (c) For purposes of this part— (1) A captive gas balloon is a balloon that derives its lift from a captive lighter-than-air gas; (2) A hot air balloon is a balloon that... STANDARDS: MANNED FREE BALLOONS General § 31.1 Applicability. (a) This part prescribes airworthiness...

14 CFR 31.49 - Control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

.... (c) Each balloon using a captive gas as the lifting means must have an automatic valve or appendix... STANDARDS: MANNED FREE BALLOONS Design Construction § 31.49 Control systems. (a) Each control must operate... minute when the balloon is at its maximum operating pressure. (d) Each hot air balloon must have a means...

14 CFR 31.49 - Control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

.... (c) Each balloon using a captive gas as the lifting means must have an automatic valve or appendix... STANDARDS: MANNED FREE BALLOONS Design Construction § 31.49 Control systems. (a) Each control must operate... minute when the balloon is at its maximum operating pressure. (d) Each hot air balloon must have a means...

14 CFR 31.49 - Control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

.... (c) Each balloon using a captive gas as the lifting means must have an automatic valve or appendix... STANDARDS: MANNED FREE BALLOONS Design Construction § 31.49 Control systems. (a) Each control must operate... minute when the balloon is at its maximum operating pressure. (d) Each hot air balloon must have a means...

14 CFR 31.1 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... applicable requirements of this part. (c) For purposes of this part— (1) A captive gas balloon is a balloon that derives its lift from a captive lighter-than-air gas; (2) A hot air balloon is a balloon that... STANDARDS: MANNED FREE BALLOONS General § 31.1 Applicability. (a) This part prescribes airworthiness...

14 CFR 31.1 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... applicable requirements of this part. (c) For purposes of this part— (1) A captive gas balloon is a balloon that derives its lift from a captive lighter-than-air gas; (2) A hot air balloon is a balloon that... STANDARDS: MANNED FREE BALLOONS General § 31.1 Applicability. (a) This part prescribes airworthiness...

14 CFR 31.49 - Control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

.... (c) Each balloon using a captive gas as the lifting means must have an automatic valve or appendix... STANDARDS: MANNED FREE BALLOONS Design Construction § 31.49 Control systems. (a) Each control must operate... minute when the balloon is at its maximum operating pressure. (d) Each hot air balloon must have a means...

49 CFR 571.403 - Standard No. 403; Platform lift systems for motor vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... in S7.1.1, may not fall vertically faster than 305 mm (12 in) per second or change angular... that has been calibrated to an accuracy of ±2 percent of the reading in the range of 25N to 100N. S7.2...

49 CFR 571.403 - Standard No. 403; Platform lift systems for motor vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... in S7.1.1, may not fall vertically faster than 305 mm (12 in) per second or change angular... that has been calibrated to an accuracy of ±2 percent of the reading in the range of 25N to 100N. S7.2...

14 CFR 25.489 - Ground handling conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Ground handling conditions. 25.489 Section... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure Ground Loads § 25.489 Ground handling conditions... ground handling conditions). No wing lift may be considered. The shock absorbers and tires may be assumed...

14 CFR 25.489 - Ground handling conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Ground handling conditions. 25.489 Section... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure Ground Loads § 25.489 Ground handling conditions... ground handling conditions). No wing lift may be considered. The shock absorbers and tires may be assumed...

Helium: lifting high-performance stencil kernels from stripped x86 binaries to halide DSL code

DOE PAGES

Mendis, Charith; Bosboom, Jeffrey; Wu, Kevin; ...

2015-06-03

Highly optimized programs are prone to bit rot, where performance quickly becomes suboptimal in the face of new hardware and compiler techniques. In this paper we show how to automatically lift performance-critical stencil kernels from a stripped x86 binary and generate the corresponding code in the high-level domain-specific language Halide. Using Halide's state-of-the-art optimizations targeting current hardware, we show that new optimized versions of these kernels can replace the originals to rejuvenate the application for newer hardware. The original optimized code for kernels in stripped binaries is nearly impossible to analyze statically. Instead, we rely on dynamic traces to regeneratemore » the kernels. We perform buffer structure reconstruction to identify input, intermediate and output buffer shapes. Here, we abstract from a forest of concrete dependency trees which contain absolute memory addresses to symbolic trees suitable for high-level code generation. This is done by canonicalizing trees, clustering them based on structure, inferring higher-dimensional buffer accesses and finally by solving a set of linear equations based on buffer accesses to lift them up to simple, high-level expressions. Helium can handle highly optimized, complex stencil kernels with input-dependent conditionals. We lift seven kernels from Adobe Photoshop giving a 75 % performance improvement, four kernels from Irfan View, leading to 4.97 x performance, and one stencil from the mini GMG multigrid benchmark netting a 4.25 x improvement in performance. We manually rejuvenated Photoshop by replacing eleven of Photoshop's filters with our lifted implementations, giving 1.12 x speedup without affecting the user experience.« less

Tip Fence for Reduction of Lift-Generated Airframe Noise

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ross, James C. (Inventor); Storms, Bruce L. (Inventor)

1998-01-01

The present invention is directed toward a unique lift-generated noise reduction apparatus. This apparatus includes a plurality of tip fences that are secured to the trailing and leading assemblies of the high-lift system, as close as possible to the discontinuities where the vortices are most likely to form. In one embodiment, these tip fences are secured to some or all of the outboard and inboard tips of the wing slats and flaps. The tip fence includes a generally flat, or an aerodynamically shaped plate or device that could be formed of almost any rigid material, such as metal, wood, plastic, fiber glass, aluminum, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the tip fences extend below and perpendicularly to flaps and the slats to which they are attached, such that these tip fences are aligned with the nominal free stream velocity of the aircraft. In addition to reducing airframe noise, the tip fence tends to decrease drag and to increase lift, thus improving the overall aerodynamic performance of the aircraft. Another advantage presented by the tip fence lies in the simplicity of its design, its elegance, and its ready ability to fit on the wing components, such as the flaps and the slats. Furthermore, it does not require non-standard materials or fabrication techniques, and it can be readily, easily and inexpensively retrofited on most of the existing aircraft, with minimal design changes.

Investigation on aerodynamic characteristics of baseline-II E-2 blended wing-body aircraft with canard via computational simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nasir, Rizal E. M.; Ali, Zurriati; Kuntjoro, Wahyu; Wisnoe, Wirachman

2012-06-01

Previous wind tunnel test has proven the improved aerodynamic charasteristics of Baseline-II E-2 Blended Wing-Body (BWB) aircraft studied in Universiti Teknologi Mara. The E-2 is a version of Baseline-II BWB with modified outer wing and larger canard, solely-designed to gain favourable longitudinal static stability during flight. This paper highlights some results from current investigation on the said aircraft via computational fluid dynamics simulation as a mean to validate the wind tunnel test results. The simulation is conducted based on standard one-equation turbulence, Spalart-Allmaras model with polyhedral mesh. The ambience of the flight simulation is made based on similar ambience of wind tunnel test. The simulation shows lift, drag and moment results to be near the values found in wind tunnel test but only within angles of attack where the lift change is linear. Beyond the linear region, clear differences between computational simulation and wind tunnel test results are observed. It is recommended that different type of mathematical model be used to simulate flight conditions beyond linear lift region.

KSC-2010-5777

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-11-16

San Luis Obispo, Calif. -- 101116-F-8290C-045 -- Students at California Polytechnic State University Cal Poly prepare to integrate miniature research satellites called CubeSats into a Poly Picosatellite Orbital Deployer PPOD container. The PPOD and CubeSat Project were developed by Cal Poly and Stanford University’s Space Systems Development Lab for use on NASA’s Educational Launch of Nanosatellite ELaNa missions. Each CubeSat measures about 4-inches cubed and is about the same volume as a quart. The CubeSats weigh about 2.2 pounds, must conform to standard aerospace materials and must operate without propulsion. The satellites are being prepared to launch with NASA's Glory spacecraft aboard an Orbital Sciences Corp. Taurus XL rocket, targeted to lift off Feb. 23, 2011, from Vandenberg's Space Launch Complex 576-E. Glory is scheduled to collect data on the properties of aerosols and black carbon from its place in low Earth orbit. It also will help scientists understand how the sun's irradiance affects Earth's climate. Photo credit: U.S. Air Force/Jerry E. Clemens Jr.

How we shipped our flip and standard too

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Deigl, H.J.; Feltz, D.E.

1984-07-01

This paper highlights the planning and handling activities for the shipment of irradiated TRIGA fuel from Texas A and M University to the Argonne National Lab/West (ANL/West) reactor facility at Idaho Falls, Idaho. Attention is focused on the enormous time spent on the planning and preparations prior to the shipment. The actual handling time at the NSCR for three shipping packages containing a total 51 elements was only 4 days, but, the time spent in planning and preparation exceeded 16 months. The fuel was transferred for shipment without incident - and from a health physics standpoint the exercise went verymore » well. Whole body exposures and hand doses were minimal for such a large undertaking. ANL/West health physicists reported contamination of the lifting devices for the HFIR when they received the cask. These pieces were wipe tested and contamination was found to be less than 200 dpm. If they were contaminated we were extremely fortunate during handling not to contaminate our facility or personnel.« less

Fabrication and characterization of semicircular detection electrodes for contactless conductivity detector - CE microchips.

PubMed

Lee, Chia-Yen; Chen, C M; Chang, Guan-Liang; Lin, Che-Hsin; Fu, Lung-Ming

2006-12-01

This study uses simple and reliable microfabrication techniques to fabricate CE biochips, integrating a novel contactless conductivity detector in a miniaturized detection system in a microfluidic biochip. The off-channel electrodes are deposited around side channels by Au sputtering and patterned using a standard "lift-off" process. A vacuum fusion bonding process is employed to seal the lower substrate containing the microchannels and the electrodes to an upper glass cover plate. The variations in the capacitance between the semicircular detection electrodes in the side channels are measured as different samples and ions pass through the detection region of the CE separation channel. Samples of Rhodamine B, commercial sports drinks, mineral waters, and a red wine, respectively, are mixed in different buffer solutions, separated, and successfully detected using the developed device. The semicircular detection electrodes for the contactless conductivity detector have microscale dimensions and provide a valuable contribution to the realization of the lab-on-a-chip concept.

14 CFR Appendix A to Part 23 - Simplified Design Load Criteria

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... quarter-chord), delta planforms, or slatted lifting surfaces; or (5) Winglets or other wing tip devices... single engine excluding turbine powerplants; (2) A main wing located closer to the airplane's center of gravity than to the aft, fuselage-mounted, empennage; (3) A main wing that contains a quarter-chord sweep...

14 CFR Appendix A to Part 23 - Simplified Design Load Criteria

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... quarter-chord), delta planforms, or slatted lifting surfaces; or (5) Winglets or other wing tip devices... single engine excluding turbine powerplants; (2) A main wing located closer to the airplane's center of gravity than to the aft, fuselage-mounted, empennage; (3) A main wing that contains a quarter-chord sweep...

Hardening fertilization and nutrient loading of conifer seedlings

Treesearch

R. Kasten Dumroese

2003-01-01

Continuing to fertilize bareroot and container seedlings during the hardening process (from cessation of height growth until lifting) can improve seedling viability. The process of fertilizing during hardening has many names, but in the last decade a new term, nutrient loading, has come into use. The process of nutrient loading seedlings leads to luxury consumption...

INFLUENCE OF SALINITY ON HABITAT UTILIZATION OF OYSTER REEFS BY RESIDENT FISHES AND DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS IN THE CALOOSAHATCHEE ESTUARY, FLORIDA.

EPA Science Inventory

A spatiotemporal comparison of habitat suitability of oyster reefs for fishes and decapod crustaceans was conducted for the lower Caloosahatchee Estuary, Florida. Lift nets (1-m2) containing 5 liters (volume displacement) of oyster clusters were deployed monthly at three sites al...

USE OF OYSTER HABITAT BY REEF-RESIDENT FISHES AND DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS IN THE CALOOSAHATCHEE ESTUARY, FLORIDA

EPA Science Inventory

Habitat suitability of oyster reefs for fishes and decapod crustaceans was examined monthly at three sites in the lower Caloosahatchee Estuary. At each site, 1-m2 lift nets containing approximately 5 liters (volume displacement) of oyster clumps were deployed for a period of two ...

KSC00pp0515

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-03-30

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- A NASA helicopter lifts a high-impact-resistant flexible plastic bucket filled with water. The container will be used for fire protection on property and buildings at Kennedy Space Center.. Known as the "Bambi" bucket, it will also support the Fish and Wildlife Service for controlled burns plus any wild fires in the area.

KSC00pp0513

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-03-30

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- A NASA helicopter lifts a high-impact-resistant flexible plastic bucket that will be used for fire protection on property and buildings at Kennedy Space Center. Known as the "Bambi" bucket, the 324-gallon container will also support the Fish and Wildlife Service for controlled burns plus any wild fires in the area

KSC-00pp0513

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-03-30

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- A NASA helicopter lifts a high-impact-resistant flexible plastic bucket that will be used for fire protection on property and buildings at Kennedy Space Center. Known as the "Bambi" bucket, the 324-gallon container will also support the Fish and Wildlife Service for controlled burns plus any wild fires in the area

KSC-00pp0515

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-03-30

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- A NASA helicopter lifts a high-impact-resistant flexible plastic bucket filled with water. The container will be used for fire protection on property and buildings at Kennedy Space Center.. Known as the "Bambi" bucket, it will also support the Fish and Wildlife Service for controlled burns plus any wild fires in the area.

Shaping Social Justice Leadership: Insights of Women Educators Worldwide

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lyman, Linda L.; Strachan, Jane; Lazaridou, Angeliki

2012-01-01

"Shaping Social Justice Leadership: Insights of Women Educators Worldwide" contains evocative portraits of twenty-three women educators and leaders from around the world whose actions are shaping social justice leadership. Woven from words of their own narratives, the women's voices lift off the page into readers' hearts and minds to inspire and…

Sliding-gate valve for use with abrasive materials

DOEpatents

Ayers, Jr., William J.; Carter, Charles R.; Griffith, Richard A.; Loomis, Richard B.; Notestein, John E.

1985-01-01

The invention is a flow and pressure-sealing valve for use with abrasive solids. The valve embodies special features which provide for long, reliable operating lifetimes in solids-handling service. The valve includes upper and lower transversely slidable gates, contained in separate chambers. The upper gate provides a solids-flow control function, whereas the lower gate provides a pressure-sealing function. The lower gate is supported by means for (a) lifting that gate into sealing engagement with its seat when the gate is in its open and closed positions and (b) lowering the gate out of contact with its seat to permit abrasion-free transit of the gate between its open and closed positions. When closed, the upper gate isolates the lower gate from the solids. Because of this shielding action, the sealing surface of the lower gate is not exposed to solids during transit or when it is being lifted or lowered. The chamber containing the lower gate normally is pressurized slightly, and a sweep gas is directed inwardly across the lower-gate sealing surface during the vertical translation of the gate.

iLift: A health behavior change support system for lifting and transfer techniques to prevent lower-back injuries in healthcare.

PubMed

Kuipers, Derek A; Wartena, Bard O; Dijkstra, Boudewijn H; Terlouw, Gijs; van T Veer, Job T B; van Dijk, Hylke W; Prins, Jelle T; Pierie, Jean Pierre E N

2016-12-01

Lower back problems are a common cause of sick leave of employees in Dutch care homes and hospitals. In the Netherlands over 40% of reported sick leave is due to back problems, mainly caused by carrying out heavy work. The goal of the iLift project was to develop a game for nursing personnel to train them in lifting and transfer techniques. The main focus was not on testing for the effectiveness of the game itself, but rather on the design of the game as an autogenous trigger and its place in a behavioral change support system. In this article, the design and development of such a health behavior change support system is addressed, describing cycles of design and evaluation. (a) To define the problem space, use context and user context, focus group interviews were conducted with Occupational Therapists (n=4), Nurses (n=10) and Caregivers (n=12) and a thematic analysis was performed. We interviewed experts (n=5) on the subject of lifting and transferring techniques. (b) A design science research approach resulted in a playable prototype. An expert panel conducted analysis of video-recorded playing activities. (c) Field experiment: We performed a dynamic analysis in order to investigate the feasibility of the prototype through biometric data from player sessions (n=620) by healthcare professionals (n=37). (a) Occupational Therapists, Nurses and Caregivers did not recognise a lack of knowledge with training in lifting and transferring techniques. All groups considered their workload, time pressure and a culturally determined habit to place the patient's well being above their own as the main reason not to apply appropriate lifting and transferring techniques. This led to a shift in focus from a serious game teaching lifting and transferring techniques to a health behavior change support system containing a game with the intention to influence behavior. (b) Building and testing (subcomponents of) the prototype resulted in design choices regarding players perspective, auditory and visual feedback, overall playability and perceived immersiveness. This design process also addressed the behavior shaping capacities of the game and its place within the health behavior change support system. An expert panel on lifting and transferring techniques validated the provoked in-game activities as being authentic. (c) Regression analysis showed an increase of the game score and dashboard score when more sessions were played, indicating an in-game training effect. A post-hoc test revealed that from an average of 10 playing sessions or more, the dashboard score and the game score align, which indicates behavioral change towards executing appropriate static lifting and transferring techniques. Data gathered in the final field test shows an in-game training effect, causing players to exhibit correct techniques for static lifting and transferring techniques but also revealed the necessity for future social system development and especially regarding intervention acceptance. Social system factors showed a strong impact on the games persuasive capacities and its autogenous intent. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

49 CFR 178.708 - Standards for fiberboard IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... part of it. (c) Construction requirements for fiberboard IBCs are as follows: (1) Top lifting devices... puncture resistance of 15 Joules (11 foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171... stability in handling and transport. Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from...

DNA profiles from clothing fibers using direct PCR.

PubMed

Blackie, Renée; Taylor, Duncan; Linacre, Adrian

2016-09-01

We report on the successful use of direct PCR amplification of single fibers from items of worn clothing. Items of clothing were worn throughout the course of a day, with the individual commencing regular activities. Single fibers were taken from the cuff of the clothing at regular intervals and amplified directly. The same areas were subjected to tape-lifting, and also amplified directly for comparison. The NGM™ kit that amplifies 15 STR loci plus amelogenin was used. A total of 35 single fiber samples were processed and analyzed from five items of clothing, with 81 % of samples returning a profile of 14 alleles or more. All tape-lift samples amplified directly produced DNA profiles of 15 alleles or more. The aim was to develop a simple, operational method that could be used routinely in forensic science casework and that has the potential to generate more complete profiles, which would not be detected using standard extraction methods on this type of sample. For ease of implementation, the process also adheres to standard methods with no increase in the cycle number.

Variational Two-Particle Density Matrix Calculation for the Hubbard Model Below Half Filling Using Spin-Adapted Lifting Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verstichel, Brecht; van Aggelen, Helen; Poelmans, Ward; Van Neck, Dimitri

2012-05-01

The variational determination of the two-particle density matrix is an interesting, but not yet fully explored technique that allows us to obtain ground-state properties of a quantum many-body system without reference to an N-particle wave function. The one-dimensional fermionic Hubbard model has been studied before with this method, using standard two- and three-index conditions on the density matrix [J. R. Hammond , Phys. Rev. A 73, 062505 (2006)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.73.062505], while a more recent study explored so-called subsystem constraints [N. Shenvi , Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 213003 (2010)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.105.213003]. These studies reported good results even with only standard two-index conditions, but have always been limited to the half-filled lattice. In this Letter, we establish the fact that the two-index approach fails for other fillings. In this case, a subset of three-index conditions is absolutely needed to describe the correct physics in the strong-repulsion limit. We show that applying lifting conditions [J. R. Hammond , Phys. Rev. APLRAAN1050-2947 71, 062503 (2005)10.1103/PhysRevA.71.062503] is the most economical way to achieve this, while still avoiding the computationally much heavier three-index conditions. A further extension to spin-adapted lifting conditions leads to increased accuracy in the intermediate repulsion regime. At the same time, we establish the feasibility of such studies to the more complicated phase diagram in two-dimensional Hubbard models.

Wing-Fixed PIV and force measurements of a large transverse gust encounter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perrotta, Gino

2015-11-01

The unsteady aerodynamics of an aspect ratio 4 flat plate wing encountering a large-amplitude transverse gust were investigated using PIV in the wing-fixed reference frame and direct unsteady force measurements. Using a new experimental facility at the University of Maryland, the wing was towed at Reynolds number 20,000 through a 7m-long tank of nominally quiescent water containing a single cross-stream planar jet with velocity equal to the wing's towed velocity - a transverse gust ratio equal to one. The planar jet was created by pumping water through 30 cylindrical nozzles arranged in a single row. PIV confirms that the individual jets converge into a single, narrow, planar gust with a streamwise velocity profile resembling a canonical cosine-squared gust. Forces and fluid velocities of this wing-gust interaction will be presented for two pre-gust conditions: attached flow on the wing and stalled flow over the wing. In both cases, the gust encounter results in a momentary spike in lift coefficient. The peak lift coefficient was measured between 3 and 6 and varies with angle of attack. At low angle of attack, the attached flow wing produces less lift before the gust and much more (non-circulatory) lift during the gust than the stalled wing. Although the flow over the wing at low angle of attack separates during the gust and reattaches afterwards, the recovery time is similar to that of the high angle case, on the order of 10 chord lengths travelled.

Study of the laser-induced forward transfer of liquids for laser bioprinting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duocastella, M.; Colina, M.; Fernández-Pradas, J. M.; Serra, P.; Morenza, J. L.

2007-07-01

Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) is a direct-writing technique that allows printing patterns of diverse materials with a high degree of spatial resolution. In conventional LIFT a small fraction of a solid thin film is vaporized by means of a laser pulse focused on the film through its transparent holder, and the resulting material recondenses on the receptor substrate. It has been recently shown that LIFT can also be used to transfer materials from liquid films. This widened its field of application to biosensors manufacturing, where small amounts of biomolecules-containing solutions have to be deposited with high precision on the sensing elements. However, there is still little knowledge on the physical processes and parameters determining the characteristics of the transfers. In this work, different parameters and their effects upon the transferred material were studied. It was found that the deposited material corresponds to liquid droplets which volume depends linearly on the laser pulse energy, and that a minimum threshold energy has to be overcome for transfer to occur. The liquid film thickness was varied and droplets as small as 10 μm in diameter were obtained. Finally, the effects of the variation of the film to substrate distance were also studied and it was found that there exists a wide range of distances where the morphology of the transferred droplets is independent of this parameter, what provides LIFT with a high degree of flexibility.

Health Occupations Curriculum. Skills for Nursing Assistant. Volume 3, Unit 8.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arizona State Dept. of Education, Phoenix.

Part of a health occupations program, this instructional unit contains 13 learning modules for use in training nursing assistants. Covered in the modules are (1) making beds, bathing patients, and measuring intake and output; (2) body mechanics, moving and lifting patients, range of motion exercises, and caring for patients in casts or traction;…

Orthopedic stretcher with average-sized person can pass through 18-inch opening

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lothschuetz, F. X.

1966-01-01

Modified Robinson stretcher for vertical lifting and carrying, will pass through an opening 18 inches in diameter, while containing a person of average height and weight. A subject 6 feet tall and weighing 200 pounds was lowered and raised out of an 18 inch diameter opening in a tank to test the stretcher.

Creating Economic Lift: Jobs, Training, and Business Opportunities in Public and Indian Housing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watkins, Dan

This document contains 10 case studies that examine community-based efforts to improve the economies and provide jobs in public and Indian housing communities. The innovative approaches described in the studies indicate the potential of local communities to address their most serious problems. The models have several common threads: creative and…

GOES-R Uncrating and Move to Vertical

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-08-23

The shipping container is lifted off the GOES-R spacecraft inside the Astrotech payload processing facility in Titusville, Florida near NASA’s Kennedy Space Center. GOES-R will be the first satellite in a series of next-generation NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites. The spacecraft is to launch aboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket in November.

Preliminary design document: Ground based testbed for avionics systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

The design and interface requirements for an avionics Ground Based Test bed (GBT) to support Heavy Lift Cargo Vehicles (HLCV) is presented. It also contains data on the vehicle subsystem configurations that are to be supported during their early, pre-PDR developmental phases. Several emerging technologies are also identified for support. A Preliminary Specification Tree is also presented.

The Effects of High-lift Devices on the Low-speed Stability of a Tapered 37.5 Degree Sweptback Wing of Aspect Ratio 3 in Straight and Rolling Flow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Queijo, M J; Lichtenstein, Jacob H

1948-01-01

Contains results of tunnel tests to determine effects of various combinations of split flaps, slats, and nose slats on the stability characteristics of a tapered 37.5 degree sweptback wing of aspect ratio 3 in straight and rolling flow.

A virtual model of the bench press exercise.

PubMed

Rahmani, Abderrahmane; Rambaud, Olivier; Bourdin, Muriel; Mariot, Jean-Pierre

2009-08-07

The objective of this study was to design and validate a three degrees of freedom model in the sagittal plane for the bench press exercise. The mechanical model was based on rigid segments connected by revolute and prismatic pairs, which enabled a kinematic approach and global force estimation. The method requires only three simple measurements: (i) horizontal position of the hand (x(0)); (ii) vertical displacement of the barbell (Z) and (iii) elbow angle (theta). Eight adult male throwers performed maximal concentric bench press exercises against different masses. The kinematic results showed that the vertical displacement of each segment and the global centre of mass followed the vertical displacement of the lifted mass. Consequently, the vertical velocity and acceleration of the combined centre of mass and the lifted mass were identical. Finally, for each lifted mass, there were no practical differences between forces calculated from the bench press model and those simultaneously measured with a force platform. The error was lower than 2.5%. The validity of the mechanical method was also highlighted by a standard error of the estimate (SEE) ranging from 2.0 to 6.6N in absolute terms, a coefficient of variation (CV) < or =0.8%, and a correlation between the two scores > or =0.99 for all the lifts (p<0.001). The method described here, which is based on three simple parameters, allows accurate evaluation of the force developed by the upper limb muscles during bench press exercises in both field and laboratory conditions.

Orion Crew Module Structural Test Article Offload

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-11-15

After arriving at the Shuttle Landing Facility operated by Space Florida at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, the agency's Super Guppy aircraft was opened and the container holding the Orion crew module structural test article (STA) was offloaded. A crane has lifted the container for placement on a transporter. The test article will be moved to the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay for further testing. The Orion spacecraft will launch atop NASA’s Space Launch System rocket on EM-1, its first deep space mission, in late 2018.

6. Oblique view from liftbed truck, showing northwest and southwest ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Oblique view from lift-bed truck, showing northwest and southwest facades; projecting hip roof section supported by masonry pillars marks location of former porte cochere, removed in 1937; that portion wall beneath this roof section, containing visible double doors, is of frame and stucco construction, scored and tinted to imitate sandstone masonry; interior space formed by this enclosure of portion of former porte cochere now contains restrooms; view to southeast, 65mm lens. - Southern Pacific Depot, 559 El Camino Real, San Carlos, San Mateo County, CA

Fuel subassembly leak test chamber for a nuclear reactor

DOEpatents

Divona, Charles J.

1978-04-04

A container with a valve at one end is inserted into a nuclear reactor coolant pool. Once in the pool, the valve is opened by a mechanical linkage. An individual fuel subassembly is lifted into the container by a gripper; the valve is then closed providing an isolated chamber for the subassembly. A vacuum is drawn on the chamber to encourage gaseous fission product leakage through any defects in the cladding of the fuel rods comprising the subassembly; this leakage may be detected by instrumentation, and the need for replacement of the assembly ascertained.

KSC-07pd3242

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-06

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The payload canister containing the Columbus Laboratory module and integrated cargo carrier-lite is lifted up toward the payload changeout room on Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. Once in place, the canister will be opened and the cargo transferred inside the payload changeout room. The payload will be installed in space shuttle Atlantis' payload bay.The canister contains the Columbus Lab module and integrated cargo carrier-lite payloads for space shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-122. Atlantis is targeted to launch on Dec. 6. Photo credit: NASA/Dimitri Gerondidakis

Food can lift mood by affecting mood-regulating neurocircuits via a serotonergic mechanism.

PubMed

Kroes, Marijn C W; van Wingen, Guido A; Wittwer, Jonas; Mohajeri, M Hasan; Kloek, Joris; Fernández, Guillén

2014-01-01

It is commonly assumed that food can affect mood. One prevalent notion is that food containing tryptophan increases serotonin levels in the brain and alters neural processing in mood-regulating neurocircuits. However, tryptophan competes with other long-neutral-amino-acids (LNAA) for transport across the blood-brain-barrier, a limitation that can be mitigated by increasing the tryptophan/LNAA ratio. We therefore tested in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study (N=32) whether a drink with a favourable tryptophan/LNAA ratio improves mood and modulates specific brain processes as assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We show that one serving of this drink increases the tryptophan/LNAA ratio in blood plasma, lifts mood in healthy young women and alters task-specific and resting-state processing in brain regions implicated in mood regulation. Specifically, Test-drink consumption reduced neural responses of the dorsal caudate nucleus during reward anticipation, increased neural responses in the dorsal cingulate cortex during fear processing, and increased ventromedial prefrontal-lateral prefrontal connectivity under resting-state conditions. Our results suggest that increasing tryptophan/LNAA ratios can lift mood by affecting mood-regulating neurocircuits. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Design & Engineering Standards « Coast Guard Maritime Commons

Science.gov Websites

Washington, D.C., June 5, 2018, in preparation for the upcoming intersessional working group meeting of the that intersessional working group meeting. 5/21/2018: U.S. Maritime Advisory 2018-008 - Global Measles measures for onboard lifting appliances and winches, and an ad hoc drafting group on the develop of

30 CFR 57.22210 - In-line filters (I-C mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false In-line filters (I-C mines). 57.22210 Section... Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22210 In-line filters (I-C mines). Filters or separators shall be installed on air-lift fan systems to prevent explosive concentrations of...

30 CFR 57.22210 - In-line filters (I-C mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false In-line filters (I-C mines). 57.22210 Section... Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22210 In-line filters (I-C mines). Filters or separators shall be installed on air-lift fan systems to prevent explosive concentrations of...

30 CFR 57.22210 - In-line filters (I-C mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false In-line filters (I-C mines). 57.22210 Section... Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22210 In-line filters (I-C mines). Filters or separators shall be installed on air-lift fan systems to prevent explosive concentrations of...

75 FR 7370 - Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Door Locks and Door Retention Components

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-19

... at (202) 366-2990. For legal issues, contact Ms. Sarah Alves, Office of the Chief Counsel, by... have secondary latching positions and to remove the option for a visual door closure warning system... test plates; and, S4, to reinstate an exclusion of doors equipped with wheelchair lift systems. This...

49 CFR 571.214 - Standard No. 214; Side impact protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... rearmost position. (4) Any side door that is designed to be easily attached to or removed (e.g., using... lifts, and vehicles which have no doors or exclusively have doors that are designed to be easily... have no doors, or exclusively have doors that are designed to be easily attached or removed so that the...

30 CFR 57.22210 - In-line filters (I-C mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false In-line filters (I-C mines). 57.22210 Section... Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22210 In-line filters (I-C mines). Filters or separators shall be installed on air-lift fan systems to prevent explosive concentrations of...

30 CFR 57.22210 - In-line filters (I-C mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false In-line filters (I-C mines). 57.22210 Section... Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22210 In-line filters (I-C mines). Filters or separators shall be installed on air-lift fan systems to prevent explosive concentrations of...

77 FR 22637 - Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Accelerator Control Systems

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-16

... severing a conductor at one location. The current language of the test procedure in FMVSS No. 124 is... routinely have variable valve lift and/or timing control. In at least one recent engine design, the level of.... Under the 2002 NPRM, a manufacturer could choose any one of the proposed test procedures as a basis for...

Lifting strength in two-person teamwork.

PubMed

Lee, Tzu-Hsien

2016-01-01

This study examined the effects of lifting range, hand-to-toe distance, and lifting direction on single-person lifting strengths and two-person teamwork lifting strengths. Six healthy males and seven healthy females participated in this study. Two-person teamwork lifting strengths were examined in both strength-matched and strength-unmatched groups. Our results showed that lifting strength significantly decreased with increasing lifting range or hand-to-toe distance. However, lifting strengths were not affected by lifting direction. Teamwork lifting strength did not conform to the law of additivity for both strength-matched and strength-unmatched groups. In general, teamwork lifting strength was dictated by the weaker of the two members, implying that weaker members might be exposed to a higher potential danger in teamwork exertions. To avoid such overexertion in teamwork, members with significantly different strength ability should not be assigned to the same team.

Development of an automated method to detect sitting pivot transfer phases using biomechanical variables: toward a standardized method

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Sitting pivot transfer (SPT) is one of the most important, but at the same time strenuous at the upper extremity, functional task for spinal cord injured individuals. In order to better teach this task to those individuals and to improve performance, a better biomechanical understanding during the different SPT phases is a prerequisite. However, no consensus has yet been reached on how to depict the different phases of the SPT. The definition of the phases of the SPT, along with the events characterizing these phases, will facilitate the interpretation of biomechanical outcome measures related to the performance of SPTs as well as strengthen the evidence generated across studies. Methods Thirty-five individuals with a spinal cord injury performed two SPTs between seats of similar height using their usual SPT technique. Kinematics and kinetics were recorded using an instrumented transfer assessment system. Based on kinetic and kinematic measurements, a relative threshold-based algorithm was developed to identify four distinct phases: pre-lift, upper arm loading, lift-pivot and post-lift phases. To determine the stability of the algorithm between the two SPTs, Student t-tests for dependent samples were performed on the absolute duration of each phase. Results The mean total duration of the SPT was 2.00 ± 0.49 s. The mean duration of the pre-lift, upper arm loading, lift-pivot and post-lift phases were 0.74 ± 0.29 s, 0.28 ± 0.13 s, 0.72 ± 0.24 s, 0.27 ± 0.14 s whereas their relative contributions represented approximately 35%, 15%, 35% and 15% of the overall SPT cycle, respectively. No significant differences were found between the trials (p = 0.480-0.891). Conclusion The relative threshold-based algorithm used to automatically detect the four distinct phases of the SPT, is rapid, accurate and repeatable. A quantitative and thorough description of the precise phases of the SPT is prerequisite to better interpret biomechanical findings and measure task performance. The algorithm could also become clinically useful to refine the assessment and training of SPTs. PMID:22305052

Taking the stairs instead: The impact of workplace design standards on health promotion strategies.

PubMed

McGann, Sarah; Jancey, Jonine; Tye, Marian

2013-01-01

Comprehensive health promotion in Western Australia has been conducted from the point of views of policy development, promotion, education and service delivery. Much of this recent work has been focused on supporting workplaces - but there has yet to be any real focus on the design of the actual physical workplace environment from a health promotion perspective. This paper is aimed at highlighting the gap in health promotion knowledge by addressing how the disciplines of architecture and health promotion can work together to challenge the regulations that dictate design practice and ultimately bridge that gap for long-term change. The overarching aim is to undertake further evidenced-based research that will inform best practice in the planning and design of workplaces to reduce sedentary behaviour and increase opportunities for physical activity. Within this wide objective this paper focuses in particular on the idea of stairs-versus-lift movement strategies within office buildings. By examining building design guidelines from a health promotion perspective we expose a central dichotomy, where health promotion posters say "Take the stairs instead" whereas the language of building design suggests that the lift is best. From a design point of view, the National Codes of Construction (NCC), formally known as the Building Codes of Australia (BCA), the essential technical regulation for all building design and construction, primarily addresses the concepts of 'egress' and 'travel distance' for escape in the event of fire, and building access in terms of universal access. Additionally, The Property Council of Australia's Guide to Office Building Quality prioritises lift performance criteria along with the quality and experience of lift use as a major grading factor. There is no provision in either set of standards for staircase quality and experience. The stairs, despite being promoted as better life choice for better health, is not promoted through these building codes nor, consequently, through the building design in actuality. It is proposed that health promotion strategies could be coupled with design-led movement strategies in workplace design so that the promotional language, such as "take the stairs instead", is balanced by the design language of the building.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of strontium-containing nanostructured carbonated hydroxyapatite/sodium alginate for sinus lift in rabbits.

PubMed

Valiense, Helder; Barreto, Mauricio; Resende, Rodrigo F; Alves, Adriana T; Rossi, Alexandre M; Mavropoulos, Elena; Granjeiro, José M; Calasans-Maia, Mônica D

2016-02-01

Various synthetic bone substitutes have been developed to reconstruct bone defects. One of the most prevalent ceramics in bone treatment is hydroxyapatite (HA) that is a useful material as bone substitute, however, with a low rate of biodegradation. Its structure allows isomorphic cationic and anionic substitutions to be easily introduced, which can alter the crystallinity, morphology, biocompatibility, and osteoconductivity. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo biological responses to strontium-containing nanostructured carbonated HA/sodium alginate (SrCHA) spheres (425<ϕ <600 μm) that were used for sinus lifts in rabbits using nanostructured carbonated HA/sodium alginate (CHA) as a reference. Cytocompatibility was determined using a multiparametric assay after exposing murine preosteoblasts to the extracts of these materials. Twelve male and female rabbits underwent bilateral sinus lift procedures and were divided into two groups (CHA or SrCHA) and in two experimental periods (4 and 12 weeks), for microscopic and histomorphometric analyses. The in vitro test revealed the overall viability of the cells exposed to the CHA and SrCHA extracts; thus, these extracts were considered cytocompatible, which was confirmed by three different parameters in the in vitro tests. The histological analysis showed chronic inflammation with a prevalence of macrophages around the CHA spheres after 4 weeks, and this inflammation decreased after 12 weeks. Bone formation was observed in both groups, and smaller quantities of SrCHA spheres were observed after 12 weeks, indicating greater bioresorption of SrCHA than CHA. SrCHA spheres are biocompatible and osteoconductive and undergo bioresorption earlier than CHA spheres. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Phytase production by Sporotrichum thermophile in a cost-effective cane molasses medium in submerged fermentation and its application in bread.

PubMed

Singh, B; Satyanarayana, T

2008-12-01

Phytase production by Sporotrichum thermophile in a cost-effective cane molasses medium in submerged fermentation and its application in bread. The production of phytase by a thermophilic mould S. thermophile was investigated using free and immobilized conidiospores in cane molasses medium in shake flasks, and stirred tank and air-lift fermenters. Among surfactants tested, Tweens (Tween-20, 40 and 80) and sodium oleate increased phytase accumulation, whereas SDS and Triton X-100 inhibited the enzyme production. The mould produced phytase optimally at a(w) 0.95, and it declined sharply below this a(w) value. The enzyme production was comparable in air-lift and stirred tank reactors with a marked reduction in fermentation time. Among the matrices tried, Ca-alginate was the best for conidiospore immobilization, and fungus secreted sustained levels of enzyme titres over five cycles. The phytic acid in the dough was efficiently hydrolysed by the enzyme accompanied by the liberation of soluble phosphate in the bread. The phytase production by S. thermophile was enhanced in the presence of Tween-80 in cane molasses medium. A peak in enzyme production was attained in 48 h in the fermenter when compared with that of 96 h in shake flasks. Ca-alginate immobilized conidiospores germinated to produce fungal growth that secreted sustained levels of phytase over five cycles. The bread made with phytase contained reduced level of phytic acid and a high-soluble phosphate. The phytase accumulation by S. thermophile was increased by the surfactants. The sustainability of enzyme production in stirred tank and air-lift fermenters suggested the possibility for scaling up of phytase. The bread made with phytase contained low level of antinutrient, i.e. phytic acid.

78 FR 76249 - Special Conditions: Airbus, Model A350-900 Series Airplane; Flight Envelope Protection: Normal...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-17

..., and accommodates side-by-side placement of LD-3 containers in the cargo compartment. The basic Airbus... availability of this excess maneuver capacity in case of extreme emergency such as upset recoveries or... factor must not be less than: (a) 2.5g for the EFCS normal state with the high lift devices retracted up...

Three-dimensional motion analysis of the lumbar spine during "free squat" weight lift training.

PubMed

Walsh, James C; Quinlan, John F; Stapleton, Robert; FitzPatrick, David P; McCormack, Damian

2007-06-01

Heavy weight lifting using a squat bar is a commonly used athletic training exercise. Previous in vivo motion studies have concentrated on lifting of everyday objects and not on the vastly increased loads that athletes subject themselves to when performing this exercise. Athletes significantly alter their lumbar spinal motion when performing squat lifting at heavy weights. Controlled laboratory study. Forty-eight athletes (28 men, 20 women) performed 6 lifts at 40% maximum, 4 lifts at 60% maximum, and 2 lifts at 80% maximum. The Zebris 3D motion analysis system was used to measure lumbar spine motion. Exercise was performed as a "free" squat and repeated with a weight lifting support belt. Data obtained were analyzed using SAS. A significant decrease (P < .05) was seen in flexion in all groups studied when lifting at 40% maximum compared with lifting at 60% and 80% of maximum lift. Flexion from calibrated 0 point ranged from 24.7 degrees (40% group) to 6.8 degrees (80% group). A significant increase (P < .05) was seen in extension when lifting at 40% maximum was compared with lifting at 60% and 80% maximum lift. Extension from calibrated 0 point ranged from -1.5 degrees (40% group) to -20.3 degrees (80% group). No statistically significant difference was found between motion seen when exercise was performed as a free squat or when lifting using a support belt in any of the groups studied. Weight lifting using a squat bar causes athletes to significantly hyperextend their lumbar spines at heavier weights. The use of a weight lifting support belt does not significantly alter spinal motion during lifting.

Does team lifting increase the variability in peak lumbar compression in ironworkers?

PubMed

Faber, Gert; Visser, Steven; van der Molen, Henk F; Kuijer, P Paul F M; Hoozemans, Marco J M; Van Dieën, Jaap H; Frings-Dresen, Monique H W

2012-01-01

Ironworkers frequently perform heavy lifting tasks in teams of two or four workers. Team lifting could potentially lead to a higher variation in peak lumbar compression forces than lifts performed by one worker, resulting in higher maximal peak lumbar compression forces. This study compared single-worker lifts (25-kg, iron bar) to two-worker lifts (50-kg, two iron bars) and to four-worker lifts (100-kg, iron lattice). Inverse dynamics was used to calculate peak lumbar compression forces. To assess the variability in peak lumbar loading, all three lifting tasks were performed six times. Results showed that the variability in peak lumbar loading was somewhat higher in the team lifts compared to the single-worker lifts. However, despite this increased variability, team lifts did not result in larger maximum peak lumbar compression forces. Therefore, it was concluded that, from a biomechanical point of view, team lifting does not result in an additional risk for low back complaints in ironworkers.

75 FR 31803 - Notice of Issuance of Final Determination Concerning a Lift Unit for an Overhead Patient Lift System

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-04

... Determination Concerning a Lift Unit for an Overhead Patient Lift System AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border... concerning the country of origin of a lift unit for an overhead patient lift system. Based upon the facts presented, CBP has concluded in the final determination that Sweden is the country of origin of the lift...

The hybrid assistive limb (HAL) for Care Support successfully reduced lumbar load in repetitive lifting movements.

PubMed

Miura, Kousei; Kadone, Hideki; Koda, Masao; Abe, Tetsuya; Kumagai, Hiroshi; Nagashima, Katsuya; Mataki, Kentaro; Fujii, Kengo; Noguchi, Hiroshi; Funayama, Toru; Kawamoto, Hiroaki; Sankai, Yoshiyuki; Yamazaki, Masashi

2018-05-03

Work-related low back pain is a serious socioeconomic problem. This study examined whether HAL for Care Support, which is a newly developed wearable robot, would decrease lumbar fatigue and improve lifting performance during repetitive lifting movements. Eighteen healthy volunteers (11 men, 7 women) performed repetitive stoop lifting movements of a cardboard box weighing 12 kg as many times as possible. The first lifting trial was executed without HAL for Care Support, and the second was with it. We evaluated the VAS of lumbar fatigue as the lumbar load and the number of lifts and the lifting time as lifting performance. Without HAL for Care Support, the mean VAS of lumbar fatigue, the number of lifts and lifting time were 68 mm, 60 and 230 s; with HAL for Care Support, they were 51 mm, 87 and 332 s, respectively. Both lifting performance measures were significantly improved by using HAL for Care Support (Fig. 2). A power analysis showed that there was sufficient statistical power for the VAS of lumbar fatigue (0.99), the number of lifts (0.92), and lifting time (0.93). All participants performed their repetitive lifting trials safely. There were no adverse events caused by using HAL for Care Support. In conclusion, the HAL for Care Support can decrease lumbar load and improve the lifting performance during repetitive stoop lifting movements in healthy adults. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

A Lifting Ball Valve for cryogenic fluid applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cardin, Joseph M.; Reinicke, Robert H.; Bruneau, Stephen D.

1993-11-01

Marotta Scientific Controls, Inc. has designed a Lifting Ball Valve (LBV) capable of both flow modulation and tight shutoff for cryogenic and other applications. The LBV features a thin-walled visor valving element that lifts off the seal with near axial motion before rotating completely out of the flow path. This is accomplished with a simple, robust mechanism that minimizes cost and weight. Conventional spherical rotating seats ar plagued by leakage due to 'scuffing' as the seal and seat slide against one another while opening. Cryogenic valves, which typically utilize plastic seals, are particularly susceptible to this type of damage. The seat in the LBV lifts off the seal without 'scuffing' making it immune to this failure mode. In addition, the LBV lifting mechanism is capable of applying the very high seating loads required to seal at cryogenic temperatures. These features make the LBV ideally suited for cryogenic valve applications. Another major feature of the LBV is the fact that the visor rotates completely out of the flow path. This allows for a smaller, lighter valve for a given flow capacity, especially for line sizes above one inch. The LBV is operated by a highly integrated 'wetted' DC brushless motor. The motor rotor is 'wetted' ion that it is immersed in the fluid. To ensure compatibility, the motor rotor is encased in a thin-walled CRES weldment. The motor stator is outside the fluid containment weldment and therefore is not in direct contact with the fluid. To preclude the potential for external leakage there are no static or dynamic seals or bellows across the pressure boundary. The power required to do the work of operating the valving mechanism is transmitted across the pressure boundary by electromagnetic interaction between the motor rotor and the stator. Commutation of the motor is accomplished using the output of a special 'wetted' resolver. This paper describes the design, operation, and element testing of the LBV.

University of Minnesota Duluth Engineering Design Challenge

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-23

on overall weight, size, lifting capacity, and ease of transporting. Many initial designs were considered including fire hose lift bags, hydraulic...Many initial designs were considered including fire hose lift bags, hydraulic lifts, a scissor lift, a spring loaded pawl tri-pod, and a pulley lift...26 Fire Hose

Musculoskeletal pain among critical-care nurses by availability and use of patient lifting equipment: an analysis of cross-sectional survey data.

PubMed

Lee, Soo-Jeong; Faucett, Julia; Gillen, Marion; Krause, Niklas

2013-12-01

Patient handling is a major risk factor for musculoskeletal injuries among nurses. Lifting equipment is a main component of safe patient handling programs that aim to prevent musculoskeletal injury. However, the actual levels of lift availability and usage are far from optimal. To examine the effect of patient lifting equipment on musculoskeletal pain by level of lift availability and lift use among critical-care nurses. A cross-sectional postal survey of a random sample of 361 critical-care nurses in the United States. The survey collected data on low-back, neck, and shoulder pain, lift availability, lift use, physical and psychosocial job factors, and sociodemographics. Musculoskeletal pain was assessed by three types of measures: any pain, work-related pain, and major pain. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between musculoskeletal pain and lift variables, controlling for demographic and job factors. Less than half (46%) of respondents reported that their employer provided lifts. Of 168 nurses who had lifts in their workplace, the level of lift availability was high for 59.5%, medium for 25.0%, and low for 13.7%; the level of lift use was high for 32.1%, medium for 31.5%, and low for 31.5%. Significant associations were found between lift availability and work-related low-back and shoulder pain. Compared to nurses without lifts, nurses reporting high-level lift availability were half as likely to have work-related low-back pain (OR=0.50, 95% CI 0.26-0.96) and nurses reporting medium-level lift availability were 3.6 times less likely to have work-related shoulder pain (OR=0.28, 95% CI 0.09-0.91). With respect to lift use, work-related shoulder pain was three times less common among nurses reporting medium-level use (OR=0.33, 95% CI 0.12-0.93); any neck pain was three times more common among nurses reporting low-level use (OR=3.13, 95% CI 1.19-8.28). Greater availability and use of lifts were associated with less musculoskeletal pain among critical-care nurses. These findings suggest that for lift interventions to be effective, lifts must be readily available when needed and barriers against lift use must be removed. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Aerodynamic coefficients in generalized unsteady thin airfoil theory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, M. H.

1980-01-01

Two cases are considered: (1) rigid body motion of an airfoil-flap combination consisting of vertical translation of given amplitude, rotation of given amplitude about a specified axis, and rotation of given amplitude of the control surface alone about its hinge; the upwash for this problem is defined mathematically; and (2) sinusoidal gust of given amplitude and wave number, for which the upwash is defined mathematically. Simple universal formulas are presented for the most important aerodynamic coefficients in unsteady thin airfoil theory. The lift and moment induced by a generalized gust are evaluated explicitly in terms of the gust wavelength. Similarly, in the control surface problem, the lift, moment, and hinge moments are given as explicit algebraic functions of hinge location. These results can be used together with any of the standard numerical inversion routines for the elementary loads (pitch and heave).

Characterization of dilute species within CVD-grown silicon nanowires doped using trimethylboron: protected lift-out specimen preparation for atom probe tomography.

PubMed

Prosa, T J; Alvis, R; Tsakalakos, L; Smentkowski, V S

2010-08-01

Three-dimensional quantitative compositional analysis of nanowires is a challenge for standard techniques such as secondary ion mass spectrometry because of specimen size and geometry considerations; however, it is precisely the size and geometry of nanowires that makes them attractive candidates for analysis via atom probe tomography. The resulting boron composition of various trimethylboron vapour-liquid-solid grown silicon nanowires were measured both with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and pulsed-laser atom probe tomography. Both characterization techniques yielded similar results for relative composition. Specialized specimen preparation for pulsed-laser atom probe tomography was utilized and is described in detail whereby individual silicon nanowires are first protected, then lifted out, trimmed, and finally wet etched to remove the protective layer for subsequent three-dimensional analysis.

Maximum acceptable weight of lift reflects peak lumbosacral extension moments in a functional capacity evaluation test using free style, stoop and squat lifting.

PubMed

Kuijer, P P F M; van Oostrom, S H; Duijzer, K; van Dieën, J H

2012-01-01

It is unclear whether the maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL), a common psychophysical method, reflects joint kinetics when different lifting techniques are employed. In a within-participants study (n = 12), participants performed three lifting techniques--free style, stoop and squat lifting from knee to waist level--using the same dynamic functional capacity evaluation lifting test to assess MAWL and to calculate low back and knee kinetics. We assessed which knee and back kinetic parameters increased with the load mass lifted, and whether the magnitudes of the kinetic parameters were consistent across techniques when lifting MAWL. MAWL was significantly different between techniques (p = 0.03). The peak lumbosacral extension moment met both criteria: it had the highest association with the load masses lifted (r > 0.9) and was most consistent between the three techniques when lifting MAWL (ICC = 0.87). In conclusion, MAWL reflects the lumbosacral extension moment across free style, stoop and squat lifting in healthy young males, but the relation between the load mass lifted and lumbosacral extension moment is different between techniques. Tests of maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL) from knee to waist height are used to assess work capacity of individuals with low-back disorders. This article shows that the MAWL reflects the lumbosacral extension moment across free style, stoop and squat lifting in healthy young males, but the relation between the load mass lifted and lumbosacral extension moment is different between techniques. This suggests that standardisation of lifting technique used in tests of the MAWL would be indicated if the aim is to assess the capacity of the low back.

46 CFR Appendix A to Part 520 - Standard Terminology and Codes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... DTB Firkin FIR Flo-Bin FLO Frame FRM Flask FSK Forward Reel FWR Garment on Hanger GOH Heads of Beef... Private Vehicle POV Pipe Rack PRK Quarters of Beef QTR Rail (semiconductor) RAL Rack RCK Reel REL Roll ROL Reverse Reel RVR Sack SAK Shook SHK Sides of Beef SID Skid SKD Skid, Elev, Lift Trk SKE Sleeve SLV Spin...

46 CFR Appendix A to Part 520 - Standard Terminology and Codes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... DTB Firkin FIR Flo-Bin FLO Frame FRM Flask FSK Forward Reel FWR Garment on Hanger GOH Heads of Beef... Private Vehicle POV Pipe Rack PRK Quarters of Beef QTR Rail (semiconductor) RAL Rack RCK Reel REL Roll ROL Reverse Reel RVR Sack SAK Shook SHK Sides of Beef SID Skid SKD Skid, Elev, Lift Trk SKE Sleeve SLV Spin...

46 CFR Appendix A to Part 520 - Standard Terminology and Codes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... DTB Firkin FIR Flo-Bin FLO Frame FRM Flask FSK Forward Reel FWR Garment on Hanger GOH Heads of Beef... Private Vehicle POV Pipe Rack PRK Quarters of Beef QTR Rail (semiconductor) RAL Rack RCK Reel REL Roll ROL Reverse Reel RVR Sack SAK Shook SHK Sides of Beef SID Skid SKD Skid, Elev, Lift Trk SKE Sleeve SLV Spin...

46 CFR Appendix A to Part 520 - Standard Terminology and Codes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... DTB Firkin FIR Flo-Bin FLO Frame FRM Flask FSK Forward Reel FWR Garment on Hanger GOH Heads of Beef... Private Vehicle POV Pipe Rack PRK Quarters of Beef QTR Rail (semiconductor) RAL Rack RCK Reel REL Roll ROL Reverse Reel RVR Sack SAK Shook SHK Sides of Beef SID Skid SKD Skid, Elev, Lift Trk SKE Sleeve SLV Spin...

46 CFR Appendix A to Part 520 - Standard Terminology and Codes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... DTB Firkin FIR Flo-Bin FLO Frame FRM Flask FSK Forward Reel FWR Garment on Hanger GOH Heads of Beef... Private Vehicle POV Pipe Rack PRK Quarters of Beef QTR Rail (semiconductor) RAL Rack RCK Reel REL Roll ROL Reverse Reel RVR Sack SAK Shook SHK Sides of Beef SID Skid SKD Skid, Elev, Lift Trk SKE Sleeve SLV Spin...

76 FR 36001 - Noise Certification Standards for Tiltrotors

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-21

... and landing, within the powered-lift category, with rotors mounted at or near the wing tips that vary in pitch from near vertical to near horizontal configuration relative to the wing and fuselage... arithmetic sum of delta 1 and the term -7.5 log (QK/QrKr) from delta 2 must not in total exceed 2.0 EPNdB; (b...

Study of Theoretical and Numerical Fluid Characteristics of Plain Wing with Winglets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nabhan, Mohamed B. W.

2018-05-01

Aerodynamic characteristics of plain wing designed for Light Sport Aircraft has been studied. The fluid characteristics include induced drag and lift to drag ratio. Then, winglets are added to reduce the induced drag and increase the lift to drag ratio which are affected by the wing tip vortices. The theoretical and numerical approaches are used to verify the results. A rectangular untwisted 9.528 m wing spans with an Airfoil NACA 4412 was used for the basic design. Winglets are added with a tip airfoil of NACA 0012, side angle of 65° and new projected area of 10.328 m2. Lift and drag coefficients are used as means to measure the improvement of the aerodynamic characteristics. The wing tip vortices increase the induced drag and spoil the lift over the wing's surface. The winglets design main objectives are to decrease the induced drag, decrease the fuel consumption, and increase the flight safety, especially in take-off condition. The wing with winglets model was simulated first using 3-D Fluent ANSYS version 14 at 50 m/s velocity and (0°, 5°, and 10°) angles of attack with laminar flow and standard atmospheric conditions at 15°C, and 101 kPa and all other flow parameters as well. The second verification method was to simulate the 3-D model using the 3-D Foil Multi-Surfaces code again with the same flow parameters. Finally, the last verification method was to solve the problem theoretically using the theoretical governing equations. The theoretical solutions were used as a base line for all other results. The total drag reduction observed from the calculation is about 2% to 14.5% during the takeoff regime, where the induced drag contributes about 60% of total drag of the wings. The lift to drag ratio improved also in our designed model wing with winglets by a maximum of 18.6% from the plain wing design.

Evaluation of robotic-assisted platysmaplasty procedures in a cadaveric model using the da Vinci Surgical System.

PubMed

Taghizadeh, Farhan; Reiley, Carol; Mohr, Catherine; Paul, Malcolm

2014-03-01

We are evaluating the technical feasibility of robotic-assisted laparoscopic vertical-intermediate platysmaplasty in conjunction with an open rhytidectomy. In a cadaveric study, the da Vinci Surgical System was used to access certain angles in the lower neck that are difficult for traditional short incision, short flap procedures. Ergonomics, approach, and technical challenges were noted. To date, there are no published reports of robotic-assisted neck lifts, motivating us to assess its potential in this field of plastic surgery. Standard open technique short flap rhytidectomies with concurrent experimental robotic-assisted platysmaplasties (neck lifts) were performed on six cadavers with the da Vinci Si Surgical System(®) (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). The surgical procedures were performed on a diverse cadaver population from June 2011 to January 2012. The procedures included (1) submental incision and laser-assisted liposuction, (2) open rhytidectomy, and (3) robotic-assisted platysmaplasty using knot-free sutures. A variety of sutures and fat extraction techniques, coupled with 0° and 30° three-dimensional endoscopes, were utilized to optimize visualization of the platysma. An unaltered da Vinci Si Surgical System with currently available instruments was easily adaptable to neck lift surgery. Mid-neck platysma exposure was excellent, tissue handling was delicate and precise, and suturing was easily performed. Robotic-assisted surgery has the potential to improve outcomes in neck lifts by offering the ability to manipulate instruments with increased freedom of movement, scaled motion, tremor reduction, and stereoscopic three-dimensional visualization in the deep neck. Future clinical studies on live human patients can better assess subject and surgeon benefits arising from the use of the da Vinci system for neck lifts. Evidence obtained from multiple time series with or without the intervention, such as case studies. Dramatic results in uncontrolled trials might also be regarded as this type of evidence.

33 CFR 118.85 - Lights on vertical lift bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Lights on vertical lift bridges... BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.85 Lights on vertical lift bridges. (a) Lift span lights. The vertical lift span of every vertical lift bridge shall be lighted so that the center of the...

33 CFR 118.85 - Lights on vertical lift bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lights on vertical lift bridges... BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.85 Lights on vertical lift bridges. (a) Lift span lights. The vertical lift span of every vertical lift bridge shall be lighted so that the center of the...

Load-embedded inertial measurement unit reveals lifting performance.

PubMed

Tammana, Aditya; McKay, Cody; Cain, Stephen M; Davidson, Steven P; Vitali, Rachel V; Ojeda, Lauro; Stirling, Leia; Perkins, Noel C

2018-07-01

Manual lifting of loads arises in many occupations as well as in activities of daily living. Prior studies explore lifting biomechanics and conditions implicated in lifting-induced injuries through laboratory-based experimental methods. This study introduces a new measurement method using load-embedded inertial measurement units (IMUs) to evaluate lifting tasks in varied environments outside of the laboratory. An example vertical load lifting task is considered that is included in an outdoor obstacle course. The IMU data, in the form of the load acceleration and angular velocity, is used to estimate load vertical velocity and three lifting performance metrics: the lifting time (speed), power, and motion smoothness. Large qualitative differences in these parameters distinguish exemplar high and low performance trials. These differences are further supported by subsequent statistical analyses of twenty three trials (including a total of 115 total lift/lower cycles) from fourteen healthy participants. Results reveal that lifting time is strongly correlated with lifting power (as expected) but also correlated with motion smoothness. Thus, participants who lift rapidly do so with significantly greater power using motions that minimize motion jerk. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Study on process design of partially-balanced, hydraulically lifting vertical ship lift

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xin, Shen; Xiaofeng, Xu; Lu, Zhang; Bing, Zhu; Fei, Li

2017-11-01

The hub ship lift in Panjin is the first navigation structure in China for the link between the inland and open seas, which adopts a novel partially-balanced, hydraulically lifting ship lift; it can meet such requirements as fast and sharp water level change in open sea, large draft of a yacht, and launching of a ship reception chamber; its balancing weight system can effectively reduce the load of the primary lifting cylinder, and optimize the force distribution of the ship reception chamber. The paper provides an introduction to main equipment, basic principles, main features and system composition of a ship lift. The unique power system and balancing system of the completed ship lift has offered some experience for the construction of the tourism-type ship lifts with a lower lifting height.

A Real-Time Lift Detection Strategy for a Hip Exoskeleton

PubMed Central

Chen, Baojun; Grazi, Lorenzo; Lanotte, Francesco; Vitiello, Nicola; Crea, Simona

2018-01-01

Repetitive lifting of heavy loads increases the risk of back pain and even lumbar vertebral injuries to workers. Active exoskeletons can help workers lift loads by providing power assistance, and therefore reduce the moment and force applied on L5/S1 joint of human body when performing lifting tasks. However, most existing active exoskeletons for lifting assistance are unable to automatically detect user's lift movement, which limits the wide application of active exoskeletons in factories. In this paper, we propose a simple but effective lift detection strategy for exoskeleton control. This strategy uses only exoskeleton integrated sensors, without any extra sensors to capture human motion intentions. This makes the lift detection system more practical for applications in manufacturing environments. Seven healthy subjects participated in this research. Three different sessions were carried out, two for training and one for testing the algorithm. In the two training sessions, subjects were asked to wear a hip exoskeleton, controlled in transparent mode, and perform repetitive lifting and a locomotion circuit; lifting was executed with different techniques. The collected data were used to train the lift detection model. In the testing session, the exoskeleton was controlled in order to deliver torque to assist the lifting action, based on the lift detection made by the trained algorithm. The across-subject average accuracy of lift detection during online test was 97.97 ± 1.39% with subject-dependent model. Offline, the algorithm was trained with data acquired from all subjects to verify its performance for subject-independent detection, and an accuracy of 97.48 ± 1.53% was achieved. In addition, timeliness of the algorithm was quantitatively evaluated and the time delay was <160 ms across different lifting speeds. Surface electromyography was also measured to assess the efficacy of the exoskeleton in assisting subjects in performing load lifting tasks. These results validate the promise of applying the proposed lift detection strategy for exoskeleton control aiming at lift assistance. PMID:29706881

A Real-Time Lift Detection Strategy for a Hip Exoskeleton.

PubMed

Chen, Baojun; Grazi, Lorenzo; Lanotte, Francesco; Vitiello, Nicola; Crea, Simona

2018-01-01

Repetitive lifting of heavy loads increases the risk of back pain and even lumbar vertebral injuries to workers. Active exoskeletons can help workers lift loads by providing power assistance, and therefore reduce the moment and force applied on L5/S1 joint of human body when performing lifting tasks. However, most existing active exoskeletons for lifting assistance are unable to automatically detect user's lift movement, which limits the wide application of active exoskeletons in factories. In this paper, we propose a simple but effective lift detection strategy for exoskeleton control. This strategy uses only exoskeleton integrated sensors, without any extra sensors to capture human motion intentions. This makes the lift detection system more practical for applications in manufacturing environments. Seven healthy subjects participated in this research. Three different sessions were carried out, two for training and one for testing the algorithm. In the two training sessions, subjects were asked to wear a hip exoskeleton, controlled in transparent mode, and perform repetitive lifting and a locomotion circuit; lifting was executed with different techniques. The collected data were used to train the lift detection model. In the testing session, the exoskeleton was controlled in order to deliver torque to assist the lifting action, based on the lift detection made by the trained algorithm. The across-subject average accuracy of lift detection during online test was 97.97 ± 1.39% with subject-dependent model. Offline, the algorithm was trained with data acquired from all subjects to verify its performance for subject-independent detection, and an accuracy of 97.48 ± 1.53% was achieved. In addition, timeliness of the algorithm was quantitatively evaluated and the time delay was <160 ms across different lifting speeds. Surface electromyography was also measured to assess the efficacy of the exoskeleton in assisting subjects in performing load lifting tasks. These results validate the promise of applying the proposed lift detection strategy for exoskeleton control aiming at lift assistance.

System and method for controlling hydraulic pressure in electro-hydraulic valve actuation systems

DOEpatents

Brennan, Daniel G; Marriott, Craig D; Cowgill, Joel; Wiles, Matthew A; Patton, Kenneth James

2014-09-23

A control system for an engine includes a first lift control module and a second lift control module. The first lift control module increases lift of M valves of the engine to a predetermined valve lift during a period before disabling or re-enabling N valves of the engine. The second lift control module decreases the lift of the M valves to a desired valve lift during a period after enabling or re-enabling the N valves of the engine, wherein N and M are integers greater than or equal to one.

An Investigation of the Elements which Contribute to Statical and Dynamical Stability, and of the Effects of Variation in Those Elements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klemin, Alexander; Warner, Edward P; Denkinger, George M

1918-01-01

Part 1 gives details of models tested and methods of testing of the Eiffel 36 wing alone and the JN2 aircraft. Characteristics and performance curves for standard JN are included. Part 2 presents a statistical analysis of the following: lift and drag contributed by body and chassis tested without wings; lift and drag contributed by tail, tested without wings; the effect on lift and drift of interference between the wings of a biplane combination; lift and drag contributed by the addition of body, chassis, and tail to a biplane combination; total parasite resistance; effect of varying size of tail, keeping angle of setting constant; effect of varying length of body and size of tail at the same time, keeping constant moment of tail surface about the center of gravity; forces on the tail and the effects of downwash; effect of size and setting of tail on statical longitudinal stability effects of length of body on stability; the effects of the various elements of an airplane on longitudinal stability and the placing of the force vectors. Part 3 presents the fundamental principals of dynamical stability; computations of resistance derivatives; solution of the stability equation; dynamical stability of the Curtiss JN2; tabulation of resistance derivatives; discussion of the resistance derivatives; formation and solution of stability equations; physical conceptions of the resistance derivatives; elements contributing to damping and an investigation of low speed conditions. Part 4 includes a summary of the results of the statistical investigation and a summary of the results for dynamic stability.

The effects of training volume and competition on the salivary cortisol concentrations of Olympic weightlifters.

PubMed

Crewther, Blair T; Heke, Taati; Keogh, Justin W L

2011-01-01

This study examined the effects of training volume and competition on the salivary cortisol (Sal-C) concentrations of Olympic weightlifters. Male (n = 5) and female (n = 4) Olympic weightlifters provided saliva samples across a 5-week experimental = period. The first aim was to assess the weekly effects of high (≥ 200 sets) and low (≤ 100 sets) training volume on Sal-C. The second aim was to compare Sal-C concentrations and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) performance during 2 simulated and 2 actual competitions. Performance was assessed using the snatch, clean and jerk, and the Olympic total lift. Data from each competition setting were pooled before analysis. There were no significant weekly changes in Sal-C levels (p > 0.05). The actual competitions produced higher (128-130%) Sal-C concentrations (p < 0.001) and superior 1RM lifts (1.9-2.6%) for the clean and jerk, and the Olympic total, than the simulated competitions (p < 0.05). Individual Sal-C concentrations before the simulated competitions were positively correlated to all of the 1RM lifts (r = 0.48-0.49, p < 0.05). In conclusion, actual competitions produced greater Sal-C responses than simulated competitions, and this appeared to benefit the 1RM performance of Olympic weightlifters. Individuals with higher Sal-C concentrations also tended to exhibit superior 1RM lifts during the simulated competitions. Given these findings, greater emphasis should be placed upon the monitoring of C to establish normative values, training standards and to assist with performance prediction.

Does lying in the recovery position increase the likelihood of not delivering cardiopulmonary resuscitation?

PubMed

Freire-Tellado, Miguel; Navarro-Patón, Rubén; Pavón-Prieto, Maria Del Pilar; Fernández-López, Marta; Mateos-Lorenzo, Javier; López-Fórneas, Ivan

2017-06-01

Resuscitation guidelines endorse unconscious and normally breathing out-of-hospital victims to be placed in the recovery position to secure airway patency, but recently a debate has been opened as to whether the recovery position threatens the cardiac arrest victim's safety assessment and delays the start of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. To compare the assessment of the victim's breathing arrest while placed in the recovery position versus maintaining an open airway with the continuous head tilt and chin lift technique to know whether the recovery position delays the cardiac arrest victim's assessment and the start of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Basic life support-trained university students were randomly divided into two groups: one received a standardized cardiopulmonary resuscitation refresher course including the recovery position and the other received a modified cardiopulmonary resuscitation course using continuous head tilt and chin lift for unconscious and spontaneously breathing patients. A human simulation test to evaluate the victim's breathing assessment was performed a week later. In total, 59 participants with an average age of 21.9 years were included. Only 14 of 27 (51.85%) students in the recovery position group versus 23 of 28 (82.14%) in the head tilt and chin lift group p=0.006 (OR 6.571) detected breathing arrest within 2min. The recovery position hindered breathing assessment, delayed breathing arrest identification and the initiation of cardiac compressions, and significantly increased the likelihood of not starting cardiopulmonary resuscitation when compared to the results shown when the continuous head tilt and chin lift technique was used. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of the Macintosh curved blade size on direct laryngoscopic view in edentulous patients.

PubMed

Kim, Hyerim; Chang, Jee-Eun; Han, Sung-Hee; Lee, Jung-Man; Yoon, Soohyuk; Hwang, Jin-Young

2018-01-01

In the present study, we compared the laryngoscopic view depending on the size of the Macintosh curved blade in edentulous patients. Thirty-five edentulous adult patients scheduled for elective surgery were included in the study. After induction of anesthesia, two direct laryngoscopies were performed alternately using a standard-sized Macintosh curved blade (No. 4 for men and No. 3 for women) and smaller-sized Macintosh curved blade (No. 3 for men and No. 2 for women). During direct laryngoscopy with each blade, two digital photographs of the lateral view were taken when the blade tip was placed in the valleculae; the laryngoscope was lifted to achieve the best laryngeal view. Then, the best laryngeal views were assessed using the percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score. On the photographs of the lateral view of direct laryngoscopy, the angles between the line extending along the laryngoscopic handle and the horizontal line were measured. The POGO score was improved with the smaller-sized blade compared with the standard-sized blade (87.3% [11.8%] vs. 71.3% [20.0%], P<0.001, respectively). The angles between the laryngoscopic handle and the horizontal line were greater with the smaller-sized blade compared to the standard-sized blade when the blade tip was placed on the valleculae and when the laryngoscope was lifted to achieve the best laryngeal view (both P<0.001). Compared to a standard-sized Macintosh blade, a smaller-sized Macintosh curved blade improved the laryngeal exposure in edentulous patients. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

KSC-07pd3243

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-06

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- With umbilical lines still attached, the payload canister containing the Columbus Laboratory module and integrated cargo carrier-lite is lifted up toward the payload changeout room on Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. Once in place, the canister will be opened and the module transferred inside the payload changeout room. The payload will be installed in space shuttle Atlantis' payload bay. The canister contains the Columbus Lab module and integrated cargo carrier-lite payloads for space shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-122. Atlantis is targeted to launch on Dec. 6. Photo credit: NASA/Dimitri Gerondidakis

Curriculum Package: Elementary Science Lessons. [A Visit to the Louisville, Kentucky Airports: Standiford and Bowman Fields.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Squires, Frances H.

This science curriculum was written for teachers of children in the elementary grades. It contains science activities for the following lessons: (1) Whirly Birds and the Concept of Lift; (2) Parachutes; (3) Weather Vanes; (4) Paper Airplanes; (5) Flying an Airplane; (6) Jet Engine; (7) Identifying Flying Objects; (8) It's a Bird! It's a Plane; (9)…

KSC-2010-5779

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-11-16

San Luis Obispo, Calif. -- 101116-F-8290C-059 -- Roland Coelho and Ryan Nugent, students at California Polytechnic State University Cal Poly, integrate miniature research satellites called CubeSats into a Poly Picosatellite Orbital Deployer PPOD container. The PPOD and CubeSat Project were developed by Cal Poly and Stanford University’s Space Systems Development Lab for use on NASA’s Educational Launch of Nanosatellite ELaNa missions. Each CubeSat measures about 4-inches cubed and is about the same volume as a quart. The CubeSats weigh about 2.2 pounds, must conform to standard aerospace materials and must operate without propulsion. The satellites are being prepared to launch with NASA's Glory spacecraft aboard an Orbital Sciences Corp. Taurus XL rocket, targeted to lift off Feb. 23, 2011, from Vandenberg's Space Launch Complex 576-E. Glory is scheduled to collect data on the properties of aerosols and black carbon from its place in low Earth orbit. It also will help scientists understand how the sun's irradiance affects Earth's climate. Photo credit: U.S. Air Force/Jerry E. Clemens Jr.

KSC-2010-5780

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-11-16

San Luis Obispo, Calif. -- 101116-F-8290C-060 -- Roland Coelho, a student at California Polytechnic State University Cal Poly, inspects the integration alignment of miniature research satellites called a CubeSats into a Poly Picosatellite Orbital Deployer PPOD container. The PPOD and CubeSat Project were developed by Cal Poly and Stanford University’s Space Systems Development Lab for use on NASA’s Educational Launch of Nanosatellite ELaNa missions. Each CubeSat measures about 4-inches cubed and is about the same volume as a quart. The CubeSats weigh about 2.2 pounds, must conform to standard aerospace materials and must operate without propulsion. The satellites are being prepared to launch with NASA's Glory spacecraft aboard an Orbital Sciences Corp. Taurus XL rocket, targeted to lift off Feb. 23, 2011, from Vandenberg's Space Launch Complex 576-E. Glory is scheduled to collect data on the properties of aerosols and black carbon from its place in low Earth orbit. It also will help scientists understand how the sun's irradiance affects Earth's climate. Photo credit: U.S. Air Force/Jerry E. Clemens Jr.

KSC-2010-5778

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-11-16

San Luis Obispo, Calif. -- 101116-F-8290C-054 -- Roland Coelho and Ryan Nugent, students at California Polytechnic State University Cal Poly, integrate miniature research satellites called CubeSats into a Poly Picosatellite Orbital Deployer PPOD container. The PPOD and CubeSat Project were developed by Cal Poly and Stanford University’s Space Systems Development Lab for use on NASA’s Educational Launch of Nanosatellite ELaNa missions. Each CubeSat measures about 4-inches cubed and is about the same volume as a quart. The CubeSats weigh about 2.2 pounds, must conform to standard aerospace materials and must operate without propulsion. The satellites are being prepared to launch with NASA's Glory spacecraft aboard an Orbital Sciences Corp. Taurus XL rocket, targeted to lift off Feb. 23, 2011, from Vandenberg's Space Launch Complex 576-E. Glory is scheduled to collect data on the properties of aerosols and black carbon from its place in low Earth orbit. It also will help scientists understand how the sun's irradiance affects Earth's climate. Photo credit: U.S. Air Force/Jerry E. Clemens Jr.

Study on bird's & insect's wing aerodynamics and comparison of its analytical value with standard airfoil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ali, Md. Nesar; Alam, Mahbubul; Hossain, Md. Abed; Ahmed, Md. Imteaz

2017-06-01

Flight is the main mode of locomotion used by most of the world's bird & insect species. This article discusses the mechanics of bird flight, with emphasis on the varied forms of bird's & insect's wings. The fundamentals of bird flight are similar to those of aircraft. Flying animals flap their wings to generate lift and thrust as well as to perform remarkable maneuvers with rapid accelerations and decelerations. Insects and birds provide illuminating examples of unsteady aerodynamics. Lift force is produced by the action of air flow on the wing, which is an airfoil. The airfoil is shaped such that the air provides a net upward force on the wing, while the movement of air is directed downward. Additional net lift may come from airflow around the bird's & insect's body in some species, especially during intermittent flight while the wings are folded or semi-folded. Bird's & insect's flight in nature are sub-divided into two stages. They are Unpowered Flight: Gliding and Soaring & Powered Flight: Flapping. When gliding, birds and insects obtain both a vertical and a forward force from their wings. When a bird & insect flaps, as opposed to gliding, its wings continue to develop lift as before, but the lift is rotated forward to provide thrust, which counteracts drag and increases its speed, which has the effect of also increasing lift to counteract its weight, allowing it to maintain height or to climb. Flapping flight is more complicated than flight with fixed wings because of the structural movement and the resulting unsteady fluid dynamics. Flapping involves two stages: the down-stroke, which provides the majority of the thrust, and the up-stroke, which can also (depending on the bird's & insect's wings) provide some thrust. Most kinds of bird & insect wing can be grouped into four types, with some falling between two of these types. These types of wings are elliptical wings, high speed wings, high aspect ratio wings and soaring wings with slots. Hovering is used by several species of birds. Hovering, which is generating only lift through flapping alone rather than as a product of thrust, demands a lot of energy. On the other hand, for practical knowledge we also fabricate the various bird's, insect's & fighter jet wing by using random value of parameter & test those airfoil in wind tunnel. Finally for comparison & achieving analytical knowledge we also test those airfoil model in various simulation software.

Non-standard neutrino interactions in the mu–tau sector

DOE PAGES

Mocioiu, Irina; Wright, Warren

2015-04-01

We discuss neutrino mass hierarchy implications arising from the effects of non-standard neutrino interactions on muon rates in high statistics atmospheric neutrino oscillation experiments like IceCube DeepCore. We concentrate on the mu–tau sector, which is presently the least constrained. It is shown that the magnitude of the effects depends strongly on the sign of the ϵμτ parameter describing this non-standard interaction. A simple analytic model is used to understand the parameter space where differences between the two signs are maximized. We discuss how this effect is partially degenerate with changing the neutrino mass hierarchy, as well as how this degeneracymore » could be lifted.« less

A hypersonic lift mechanism with decoupled lift and drag surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, YiZhe; Xu, ZhiQi; Li, ShaoGuang; Li, Juan; Bai, ChenYuan; Wu, ZiNiu

2013-05-01

In the present study, we propose a novel lift mechanism for which the lifting surface produces only lift. This is achieved by mounting a two-dimensional shock-shock interaction generator below the lifting surface. The shock-shock interaction theory in conjunction with a three dimensional correction and checked with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to analyze the lift and drag forces as function of the geometrical parameters and inflow Mach number. Through this study, though limited to only inviscid flow, we conclude that it is possible to obtain a high lift to drag ratio by suitably arranging the shock interaction generator.

[Origin of lifting and lowering theory and its herb pair study].

PubMed

Guo, Zhao-Juan; Yuan, Yi-Ping; Kong, Li-Ting; Jia, Xiao-Yu; Wang, Ning-Ning; Dai, Ying; Zhai, Hua-Qiang

2017-08-01

Lifting and lowering theory is one of the important basis for guiding clinical medication. Through the study of ancient books and literature, we learned that lifting and lowering theory was originated in Huangdi Neijing, practiced more in the Shanghan Zabing Lun, established in Yixue Qiyuan, and developed in Compendium of Materia Medica and now. However, lifting and lowering theory is now mostly stagnated in the theoretical stage, with few experimental research. In the clinical study, the guiding role of lifting and lowering theory to prescriptions?mainly includes opposite?role?of lift and lower medicine property, mutual promotion of lift and lower medicine property, main role of lift medicine property and main role of lower medicine property. Under the guidance of lifting and lowering theory, the herb pair compatibility include herb combination of lift medicine property, herb combination of lift and lower medicine property and herb combination of lower medicine property. Modern biological technology was used in this study to carry out experimental research on the lifting and lowering theory, revealing the scientific connotation of it, which will help to promote clinical rational drug use. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Measurement and characterization of lift forces on drops and bubbles in microchannels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stan, Claudiu; Guglielmini, Laura; Ellerbee, Audrey; Caviezel, Daniel; Whitesides, George; Stone, Howard

2013-11-01

The transverse motion of drops and bubbles within liquids flowing in pipes and channels is determined by the combination of several types of hydrodynamic lift forces with external forces. In microfluidic channels, lift forces have been used to position and sort particles with high efficiency and high accuracy. We measured lift forces on drops and bubbles and discriminated between different lift mechanisms under conditions characterized by low particle capillary numbers (0.0003 < CaP < 0.3) and low particle Reynolds numbers (0.0001 < ReP < 0.1). The measured lift forces were often much larger (up to a factor of 1000) than the predictions of analytical models of inertial and deformation-induced lift, indicating that another lift mechanism was the largest contributor to the total lift force. The systems we investigated exhibited either (i) a deformation-induced lift force enhanced by confinement effects, or (ii) a lift force for which to our best knowledge is based on physicochemical effects at the interfaces of drops and bubbles. We will present new experimental data that supports a dynamic interfacial mechanism for the second type of lift force, and discuss possible avenues for creating an analytical model for it.

Model based optimization of driver-pickup separation for eddy current measurement of gap

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klein, G.; Morelli, J.; Krause, T. W.

2018-04-01

The fuel channels in CANDU® (CANada Deuterium Uranium) nuclear reactors consist of a pressure tube (PT) contained within a larger diameter calandria tube (CT). The separation between the tubes, known as the PT-CT gap, ensures PT hydride blisters, which could lead to potential cracking of the PT, do not develop. Therefore, accurate measurements are required to confirm that contact between PT and CT is not imminent. Gap measurement uses an eddy current probe. However this probe is sensitive to lift-off variations, which can adversely affect estimated gap. A validated analytical flat plate model of eddy current response to gap was used to examine the effect of driver-pickup spacing on lift-off and response to gap at a frequency of 4 kHz, which is used for in-reactor measurements. This model was compared against, and shown to have good agreement with, a COMSOL® finite element method (FEM) model. The optimum coil separation, which included the constraint of coil size, was found to be 11 mm, resulting in a phase response between lift-off and response to change in gap of 66°. This work demonstrates the advantages of using analytical models for optimizing coil designs for measurement of parameters that may negatively influence the outcome of an inspection measurement.

A computer program to calculate the longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of wing-flap configurations with externally blown flaps

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mendenhall, M. R.; Goodwin, F. K.; Spangler, S. B.

1976-01-01

A vortex lattice lifting-surface method is used to model the wing and multiple flaps. Each lifting surface may be of arbitrary planform having camber and twist, and the multiple-slotted trailing-edge flap system may consist of up to ten flaps with different spans and deflection angles. The engine wakes model consists of a series of closely spaced vortex rings with circular or elliptic cross sections. The rings are normal to a wake centerline which is free to move vertically and laterally to accommodate the local flow field beneath the wing and flaps. The two potential flow models are used in an iterative fashion to calculate the wing-flap loading distribution including the influence of the waves from up to two turbofan engines on the semispan. The method is limited to the condition where the flow and geometry of the configurations are symmetric about the vertical plane containing the wing root chord. The calculation procedure starts with arbitrarily positioned wake centerlines and the iterative calculation continues until the total configuration loading converges within a prescribed tolerance. Program results include total configuration forces and moments, individual lifting-surface load distributions, including pressure distributions, individual flap hinge moments, and flow field calculation at arbitrary field points.

KSC-01pp1390

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-25

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The payload canister is lifted up the Rotating Service Structure on Launch Pad 39A. At right is Space Shuttle Discovery. Inside the canister are the primary payloads on mission STS-105, the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo and the Integrated Cargo Carrier. The ICC holds several smaller payloads, the Early Ammonia Servicer and two experiment containers. The Early Ammonia Servicer consists of two nitrogen tanks that provide compressed gaseous nitrogen to pressurize the ammonia tank and replenish it in the thermal control subsystems of the Space Station. The ICC and MPLM will be lifted into the payload changeout room and then moved into the Discovery’s payload bay. The STS-105 mission includes a crew changeover on the International Space Station. Expedition Three will be traveling on Discovery to replace Expedition Two, who will return to Earth on board Discovery. Launch of STS-105 is scheduled for Aug. 9

Heavy Lift Launch Vehicles for 1995 and Beyond

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Toelle, R. (Compiler)

1985-01-01

A Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle (HLLV) designed to deliver 300,000 lb to a 540 n mi circular polar orbit may be required to meet national needs for 1995 and beyond. The vehicle described herein can accommodate payload envelopes up to 50 ft diameter by 200 ft in length. Design requirements include reusability for the more expensive components such as avionics and propulsion systems, rapid launch turnaround time, minimum hardware inventory, stage and component flexibility and commonality, and low operational costs. All ascent propulsion systems utilize liquid propellants, and overall launch vehicle stack height is minimized while maintaining a reasonable vehicle diameter. The ascent propulsion systems are based on the development of a new liquid oxygen/hydrocarbon booster engine and liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen upper stage engine derived from today's SSME technology. Wherever possible, propulsion and avionics systems are contained in reusable propulsion/avionics modules that are recovered after each launch.

Design of horizontal-axis wind turbine using blade element momentum method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bobonea, Andreea; Pricop, Mihai Victor

2013-10-01

The study of mathematical models applied to wind turbine design in recent years, principally in electrical energy generation, has become significant due to the increasing use of renewable energy sources with low environmental impact. Thus, this paper shows an alternative mathematical scheme for the wind turbine design, based on the Blade Element Momentum (BEM) Theory. The results from the BEM method are greatly dependent on the precision of the lift and drag coefficients. The basic of BEM method assumes the blade can be analyzed as a number of independent element in spanwise direction. The induced velocity at each element is determined by performing the momentum balance for a control volume containing the blade element. The aerodynamic forces on the element are calculated using the lift and drag coefficient from the empirical two-dimensional wind tunnel test data at the geometric angle of attack (AOA) of the blade element relative to the local flow velocity.

STS-105 MPLM is moved into the PCR

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The payload canister is lifted up the Rotating Service Structure on Launch Pad 39A. At right is Space Shuttle Discovery. Inside the canister are the primary payloads on mission STS-105, the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo and the Integrated Cargo Carrier. The ICC holds several smaller payloads, the Early Ammonia Servicer and two experiment containers. The Early Ammonia Servicer consists of two nitrogen tanks that provide compressed gaseous nitrogen to pressurize the ammonia tank and replenish it in the thermal control subsystems of the Space Station. The ICC and MPLM will be lifted into the payload changeout room and then moved into the Discoverys payload bay. The STS-105 mission includes a crew changeover on the International Space Station. Expedition Three will be traveling on Discovery to replace Expedition Two, who will return to Earth on board Discovery. Launch of STS-105 is scheduled for Aug. 9.

Design and analysis of lifting tool assemblies to lift different engine block

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sawant, Arpana; Deshmukh, Nilaj N.; Chauhan, Santosh; Dabhadkar, Mandar; Deore, Rupali

2017-07-01

Engines block are required to be lifted from one place to another while they are being processed. The human effort required for this purpose is more and also the engine block may get damaged if it is not handled properly. There is a need for designing a proper lifting tool which will be able to conveniently lift the engine block and place it at the desired position without any accident and damage to the engine block. In the present study lifting tool assemblies are designed and analyzed in such way that it may lift different categories of engine blocks. The lifting tool assembly consists of lifting plate, lifting ring, cap screws and washers. A parametric model and assembly of Lifting tool is done in 3D modelling software CREO 2.0 and analysis is carried out in ANSYS Workbench 16.0. A test block of weight equivalent to that of an engine block is considered for the purpose of analysis. In the preliminary study, without washer the stresses obtained on the lifting tool were more than the safety margin. In the present design, washers were used with appropriate dimensions which helps to bring down the stresses on the lifting tool within the safety margin. Analysis is carried out to verify that tool design meets the ASME BTH-1 required safety margin.

Investigation of Maximum Blade Loading Capability of Lift-Offset Rotors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yeo, Hyeonsoo; Johnson, Wayne

2013-01-01

Maximum blade loading capability of a coaxial, lift-offset rotor is investigated using a rotorcraft configuration designed in the context of short-haul, medium-size civil and military missions. The aircraft was sized for a 6600-lb payload and a range of 300 nm. The rotor planform and twist were optimized for hover and cruise performance. For the present rotor performance calculations, the collective pitch angle is progressively increased up to and through stall with the shaft angle set to zero. The effects of lift offset on rotor lift, power, controls, and blade airloads and structural loads are examined. The maximum lift capability of the coaxial rotor increases as lift offset increases and extends well beyond the McHugh lift boundary as the lift potential of the advancing blades are fully realized. A parametric study is conducted to examine the differences between the present coaxial rotor and the McHugh rotor in terms of maximum lift capabilities and to identify important design parameters that define the maximum lift capability of the rotor. The effects of lift offset on rotor blade airloads and structural loads are also investigated. Flap bending moment increases substantially as lift offset increases to carry the hub roll moment even at low collective values. The magnitude of flap bending moment is dictated by the lift-offset value (hub roll moment) but is less sensitive to collective and speed.

Maintaining the Background Dust Opacity During Northern Hemisphere Summer Mars Using Wind Stress Based Dust Lifting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jha, V.; Kahre, M. A.

2017-12-01

The Mars atmosphere has low levels of dust during Northern Hemisphere (NH) spring and summer (the non-dusty season) and increased levels during NH autumn and winter (the dusty season). In the absence of regional or global storms, dust devils and local storms maintain a background minimum dust loading during the non-dusty season. While observational surveys and Global Climate Model (GCM) studies suggest that dust devils are likely to be major contributors to the background haze during NH spring and summer, a complete understanding of the relative contribution of dust devils and local dust storms has not yet been achieved. We present preliminary results from an investigation that focuses on the effects of radiatively active water ice clouds on dust lifting processes during these seasons. Water ice clouds are known to affect atmospheric temperatures directly by absorption and emission of thermal infrared radiation and indirectly through dynamical feedbacks. Our goal is to understand how clouds affect the contribution by local (wind stress) dust storms to the background dust haze during NH spring and summer. The primary tool for this work is the NASA Ames Mars GCM, which contains physical parameterizations for a fully interactive dust cycle. Three simulations that included wind stress dust lifting were executed for a period of 5 Martian years: a case that included no cloud formation, a case that included radiatively inert cloud formation and a case that included radiatively active cloud (RAC) formation. Results show that when radiatively active clouds are included, the clouds in the aphelion cloud belt radiatively heat the atmosphere aloft in the tropics (Figure 1). This heating produces a stronger overturning circulation, which in turn produces an enhanced low-level flow in the Hadley cell return branch. The stronger low-level flow drives higher surface stresses and increased dust lifting in those locations. We examine how realistic these simulated results are by comparing the spatial pattern of predicted wind stress lifting with a catalog of observed local storms. Better agreement is achieved in the radiatively active cloud case. These results suggest that wind stress lifting may contribute more to maintaining the background dust haze during NH spring and summer than what previous studies have shown.

Foot positioning instruction, initial vertical load position and lifting technique: effects on low back loading.

PubMed

Kingma, Idsart; Bosch, Tim; Bruins, Louis; van Dieën, Jaap H

2004-10-22

This study investigated the effects of initial load height and foot placement instruction in four lifting techniques: free, stoop (bending the back), squat (bending the knees) and a modified squat technique (bending the knees and rotating them outward). A 2D dynamic linked segment model was combined with an EMG assisted trunk muscle model to quantify kinematics and low back loading in 10 subjects performing 19 different lifting movements, using 10.5 kg boxes without handles. When lifting from a 0.05 m height with the feet behind the box, squat lifting resulted in 19.9% (SD 8.7%) higher net moments (p < 0.001) and 17.0% (SD 13.2%) higher compression forces (p < 0.01) than stoop lifting. This effect was reduced to 12.8% (SD 10.7%) for moments and a non-significant 7.4% (SD 16.0%) for compression forces when lifting with the feet beside the box and it disappeared when lifting from 0.5 m height. Differences between squat and stoop lifts, as well as the interaction with lifting height, could to a large extent be explained by changes in the horizontal L5/S1 intervertebral joint position relative to the load, the upper body acceleration, and lumbar flexion. Rotating the knees outward during squat lifts resulted in moments and compression forces that were smaller than in squat lifting but larger than in stoop lifting. Shear forces were small ( < 300 N) at the L4/L5 joint and substantial (1100 - 1400 N) but unaffected by lifting technique at the L5/S1 joint. The present results show that the effects of lifting technique on low back loading depend on the task context.

Lift estimation of Half-Rotating Wing in hovering flight

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, X. Y.; Dong, Y. P.; Qiu, Z. Z.; Zhang, Y. Q.; Shan, J. H.

2016-11-01

Half-Rotating Wing (HRW) is a new kind of flapping wing system with rotating flapping instead of oscillating flapping. Estimating approach of hovering lift which generated in hovering flight was important theoretical foundation to design aircraft using HRW. The working principle of HRW based on Half-Rotating Mechanism (HRM) was firstly introduced in this paper. Generating process of lift by HRW was also given. The calculating models of two lift mechanisms for HRW, including Lift of Flow Around Wing (LFAW) and Lift of Flow Dragging Wing (LFDW), were respectively established. The lift estimating model of HRW was further deduced, by which hovering lift for HRW with different angular velocity could be calculated. Case study using XFLOW software simulation indicates that the above estimating method was effective and feasible to predict roughly the hovering lift for a new HRW system.

Unified aeroacoustics analysis for high speed turboprop aerodynamics and noise. Volume 3: Application of theory for blade loading, wakes, noise, and wing shielding

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hanson, D. B.; Mccolgan, C. J.; Ladden, R. M.; Klatte, R. J.

1991-01-01

Results of the program for the generation of a computer prediction code for noise of advanced single rotation, turboprops (prop-fans) such as the SR3 model are presented. The code is based on a linearized theory developed at Hamilton Standard in which aerodynamics and acoustics are treated as a unified process. Both steady and unsteady blade loading are treated. Capabilities include prediction of steady airload distributions and associated aerodynamic performance, unsteady blade pressure response to gust interaction or blade vibration, noise fields associated with thickness and steady and unsteady loading, and wake velocity fields associated with steady loading. The code was developed on the Hamilton Standard IBM computer and has now been installed on the Cray XMP at NASA-Lewis. The work had its genesis in the frequency domain acoustic theory developed at Hamilton Standard in the late 1970s. It was found that the method used for near field noise predictions could be adapted as a lifting surface theory for aerodynamic work via the pressure potential technique that was used for both wings and ducted turbomachinery. In the first realization of the theory for propellers, the blade loading was represented in a quasi-vortex lattice form. This was upgraded to true lifting surface loading. Originally, it was believed that a purely linear approach for both aerodynamics and noise would be adequate. However, two sources of nonlinearity in the steady aerodynamics became apparent and were found to be a significant factor at takeoff conditions. The first is related to the fact that the steady axial induced velocity may be of the same order of magnitude as the flight speed and the second is the formation of leading edge vortices which increases lift and redistribute loading. Discovery and properties of prop-fan leading edge vortices were reported in two papers. The Unified AeroAcoustic Program (UAAP) capabilites are demonstrated and the theory verified by comparison with the predictions with data from tests at NASA-Lewis. Steady aerodyanmic performance, unsteady blade loading, wakes, noise, and wing and boundary layer shielding are examined.

Kerfless epitaxial silicon wafers with 7 ms carrier lifetimes and a wide lift-off process window

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gemmel, Catherin; Hensen, Jan; David, Lasse; Kajari-Schröder, Sarah; Brendel, Rolf

2018-04-01

Silicon wafers contribute significantly to the photovoltaic module cost. Kerfless silicon wafers that grow epitaxially on porous silicon (PSI) and are subsequently detached from the growth substrate are a promising lower cost drop-in replacement for standard Czochralski (Cz) wafers. However, a wide technological processing window appears to be a challenge for this process. This holds in particularly for the etching current density of the separation layer that leads to lift-off failures if it is too large or too low. Here we present kerfless PSI wafers of high electronic quality that we fabricate on weakly reorganized porous Si with etch current densities varying in a wide process window from 110 to 150 mA/cm2. We are able to detach all 17 out of 17 epitaxial wafers. All wafers exhibit charge carrier lifetimes in the range of 1.9 to 4.3 ms at an injection level of 1015 cm-3 without additional high-temperature treatment. We find even higher lifetimes in the range of 4.6 to 7.0 ms after applying phosphorous gettering. These results indicate that a weak reorganization of the porous layer can be beneficial for a large lift-off process window while still allowing for high carrier lifetimes.

Kohn's theorem, Larmor's equivalence principle and the Newton-Hooke group

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gibbons, G.W., E-mail: gwg1@amtp.cam.ac.uk; Pope, C.N.; George P. and Cynthia W. Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242

2011-07-15

Highlights: > We show that non-relativistic electrons moving in a magnetic field with trapping potential admits as relativity group the Newton-Hooke group. > We use this fact to give a group theoretic interpretation of Kohn's theorem and to obtain the spectrum. > We obtain the lightlike lift of the system exhibiting showing it coincides with the Nappi-Witten spacetime. - Abstract: We consider non-relativistic electrons, each of the same charge to mass ratio, moving in an external magnetic field with an interaction potential depending only on the mutual separations, possibly confined by a harmonic trapping potential. We show that the systemmore » admits a 'relativity group' which is a one-parameter family of deformations of the standard Galilei group to the Newton-Hooke group which is a Wigner-Inoenue contraction of the de Sitter group. This allows a group-theoretic interpretation of Kohn's theorem and related results. Larmor's theorem is used to show that the one-parameter family of deformations are all isomorphic. We study the 'Eisenhart' or 'lightlike' lift of the system, exhibiting it as a pp-wave. In the planar case, the Eisenhart lift is the Brdicka-Eardley-Nappi-Witten pp-wave solution of Einstein-Maxwell theory, which may also be regarded as a bi-invariant metric on the Cangemi-Jackiw group.« less

Evaluation of ceiling lifts in health care settings: patient outcome and perceptions.

PubMed

Alamgir, Hasanat; Li, Olivia Wei; Gorman, Erin; Fast, Catherine; Yu, Shicheng; Kidd, Catherine

2009-09-01

Ceiling lifts have been introduced into health care settings to reduce manual patient lifting and thus occupational injuries. Although growing evidence supports the effectiveness of ceiling lifts, a paucity of research links indicators, such as quality of patient care or patient perceptions, to the use of these transfer devices. This study explored the relationship between ceiling lift coverage rates and measures of patient care quality (e.g., incidence of facility-acquired pressure ulcers, falls, urinary infections, urinary incontinence, and assaults [patient to staff] in acute and long-term care facilities), as well as patient perceptions of satisfaction with care received while using ceiling lifts in a complex care facility. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were used to generate data. A significant inverse relationship was found between pressure ulcer rates and ceiling lift coverage; however, this effect was attenuated by year. No significant relationships existed between ceiling lift coverage and patient outcome indicators after adding the "year" variable to the model. Patients generally approved of the use of ceiling lifts and recognized many of the benefits. Ceiling lifts are not detrimental to the quality of care received by patients, and patients prefer being transferred by ceiling lifts. The relationship between ceiling lift coverage and pressure ulcer rates warrants further investigation. Copyright (c) 2009, SLACK Incorporated.

Relative importance of expertise, lifting height and weight lifted on posture and lumbar external loading during a transfer task in manual material handling.

PubMed

Plamondon, André; Larivière, Christian; Delisle, Alain; Denis, Denys; Gagnon, Denis

2012-01-01

The objective of this study was to measure the effect size of three important factors in manual material handling, namely expertise, lifting height and weight lifted. The effect of expertise was evaluated by contrasting 15 expert and 15 novice handlers, the effect of the weight lifted with a 15-kg box and a 23-kg box and the effect of lifting height with two different box heights: ground level and a 32 cm height. The task consisted of transferring a series of boxes from a conveyor to a hand trolley. Lifting height and weight lifted had more effect size than expertise on external back loading variables (moments) while expertise had low impact. On the other hand, expertise showed a significant effect of posture variables on the lumbar spine and knees. All three factors are important, but for a reduction of external back loading, the focus should be on the lifting height and weight lifted. The objective was to measure the effect size of three important factors in a transfer of boxes from a conveyor to a hand trolley. Lifting height and weight lifted had more effect size than expertise on external back loading variables but expertise was a major determinant in back posture.

STS-94 Payload Specialist Linteris in LC-39A White Room

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

STS-94 Payload Specialist Gregory T. Linteris prepares to enter the Space Shuttle Columbia at Launch Pad 39A in preparation for launch. He holds a doctorate in mechanical and aerospace engineering. Linteris has worked at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and is the Principal Investigator on a NASA microgravity combustion experiment. As a member of the Red team, Linteris will concentrate on three combustion experiments. Two of these experiments are housed in the Combustion Module. He will also be backing up crew members on the other Microgravity Science Laboratory-1 (MSL-1) investigations. He and six fellow crew members will lift off during a launch window that opens at 1:50 a.m. EDT, July 1. The launch window will open 47 minutes early to improve the opportunity to lift off before Florida summer rain showers reach the space center.

Chemical lift-off and direct wafer bonding of GaN/InGaN P-I-N structures grown on ZnO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pantzas, K.; Rogers, D. J.; Bove, P.; Sandana, V. E.; Teherani, F. H.; El Gmili, Y.; Molinari, M.; Patriarche, G.; Largeau, L.; Mauguin, O.; Suresh, S.; Voss, P. L.; Razeghi, M.; Ougazzaden, A.

2016-02-01

p-GaN/i-InGaN/n-GaN (PIN) structures were grown epitaxially on ZnO-buffered c-sapphire substrates by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy using the industry standard ammonia precursor for nitrogen. Scanning electron microscopy revealed continuous layers with a smooth interface between GaN and ZnO and no evidence of ZnO back-etching. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy revealed a peak indium content of just under 5 at% in the active layers. The PIN structure was lifted off the sapphire by selectively etching away the ZnO buffer in an acid and then direct bonded onto a glass substrate. Detailed high resolution transmission electron microscoy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the structural quality of the PIN structures was preserved during the transfer process.

Shouldering the load: A review of Joan Stevenson's work on occupational lifting and design evaluation of load carriage equipment.

PubMed

Costigan, Patrick A; Morin, Evelyn L; Reid, Susan A

2014-01-01

In this paper, Dr. Joan Stevenson's work on assessment of the effects of lifting, supporting and transporting loads is reviewed. A defining attribute of this work is the use of objective, biomechanical measures as the basis from which a fuller understanding of all factors affecting worker performance can be obtained, and how such performance should be measured and evaluated. The central objectives and conclusions of Dr. Stevenson's research programs spanning the years from 1985 through 2012 are summarized and discussed in terms of an overall research trajectory. The guiding principle of Dr. Stevenson's work is to reduce the potential harm to which workers are exposed through the development of bona fide occupational standards, a better understanding of risk factors leading to low back pain, and the establishment of an enhanced objective design process for functional load-bearing clothing and equipment.

Design of an optimal preview controller for linear discrete-time descriptor systems with state delay

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Mengjuan; Liao, Fucheng

2015-04-01

In this paper, the linear discrete-time descriptor system with state delay is studied, and a design method for an optimal preview controller is proposed. First, by using the discrete lifting technique, the original system is transformed into a general descriptor system without state delay in form. Then, taking advantage of the first-order forward difference operator, we construct a descriptor augmented error system, including the state vectors of the lifted system, error vectors, and desired target signals. Rigorous mathematical proofs are given for the regularity, stabilisability, causal controllability, and causal observability of the descriptor augmented error system. Based on these, the optimal preview controller with preview feedforward compensation for the original system is obtained by using the standard optimal regulator theory of the descriptor system. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by numerical simulation.

Simulation of drive of mechanisms, working in specific conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ivanovskaya, A. V.; Rybak, A. T.

2018-05-01

This paper presents a method for determining the dynamic loads on the lifting actuator device other than the conventional methods, for example, ship windlass. For such devices, the operation of their drives is typical under special conditions: different environments, the influence of hydrometeorological factors, a high level of vibration, variability of loading, etc. Hoisting devices working in such conditions are not considered in the standard; however, relevant studies concern permissible parameters of the drive devices of this kind. As an example, the article studied the work deck lifting devices - windlass. To construct a model, the windlass is represented by a rod of the variable cross-section. As a result, a mathematical model of the longitudinal oscillations of such rod is obtained. Analytic dependencies have also been obtained to determine the natural frequencies of the lowest forms of oscillations, which are necessary and are the basis for evaluating the parameters of operation of this type of the device.

78 FR 79599 - Airworthiness Directives; Various Aircraft Equipped With Wing Lift Struts

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-31

... Airworthiness Directives; Various Aircraft Equipped With Wing Lift Struts AGENCY: Federal Aviation... wing lift struts. The list of affected airplanes in the Applicability section is incorrect. Several... wing lift struts for corrosion; repetitively inspecting the wing lift strut forks for cracks; replacing...

Feasibility study of modern airships, phase 1. Volume 2: Parametric analysis (task 3). [lift, weight (mass)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lancaster, J. W.

1975-01-01

Various types of lighter-than-air vehicles from fully buoyant to semibuoyant hybrids were examined. Geometries were optimized for gross lifting capabilities for ellipsoidal airships, modified delta planform lifting bodies, and a short-haul, heavy-lift vehicle concept. It is indicated that: (1) neutrally buoyant airships employing a conservative update of materials and propulsion technology provide significant improvements in productivity; (2) propulsive lift for VTOL and aerodynamic lift for cruise significantly improve the productivity of low to medium gross weight ellipsoidal airships; and (3) the short-haul, heavy-lift vehicle, consisting of a simple combination of an ellipsoidal airship hull and existing helicopter componentry, provides significant potential for low-cost, near-term applications for ultra-heavy lift missions.

Evaluation of ceiling lifts: transfer time, patient comfort and staff perceptions.

PubMed

Alamgir, Hasanat; Li, Olivia Wei; Yu, Shicheng; Gorman, Erin; Fast, Catherine; Kidd, Catherine

2009-09-01

Mechanical lifting devices have been developed to reduce healthcare worker injuries related to patient handling. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ceiling lifts in comparison to floor lifts based on transfer time, patient comfort and staff perceptions in three long-term care facilities with varying ceiling lift coverage. The time required to transfer or reposition patients along with patient comfort levels were recorded for 119 transfers. Transfers performed with ceiling lifts required on average less time (bed to chair transfers: 156.9 seconds for ceiling lift, 273.6 seconds for floor lift) and were found to be more comfortable for patients. In the three facilities, 143 healthcare workers were surveyed on their perceptions of patient handling tasks and equipment. For both transferring and repositioning tasks, staff preferred to use ceiling lifts and also found them to be less physically demanding. Further investigation is needed on repositioning tasks to ensure safe practice.

DNA Profiles from Fingerprint Lifts-Enhancing the Evidential Value of Fingermarks Through Successful DNA Typing.

PubMed

Subhani, Zuhaib; Daniel, Barbara; Frascione, Nunzianda

2018-05-25

This study evaluated the compatibility of the most common enhancement methods and lifting techniques with DNA profiling. Emphasis is placed on modern lifting techniques (i.e., gelatin lifters and Isomark™) and historical fingerprint lifts for which limited research has been previously conducted. A total of 180 fingerprints were deposited on a glass surface, enhanced, lifted, and processed for DNA typing. DNA could be extracted and profiled for all the powders and lifts tested and from both groomed fingerprints and natural prints with no significant difference in the percentage of profile recovered. DNA profiles could also be obtained from historical fingerprint lifts (79.2% of 72 lifts) with one or more alleles detected. These results demonstrate the compatibility between different powder/lift combinations and DNA profiling therefore augmenting the evidential value of fingerprints in forensic casework. © 2018 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Isokinetic and isometric lifting capacity of Chinese in relation to the physical demand of job.

PubMed

Luk, K D K; Lu, W W; Kwan, W W; Hu, Y; Wong, Y W; Law, K K P; Leong, J C Y

2003-03-01

The aim of the study was to formulate normative data for the lifting capacities of a normal Chinese population, in order to establish a basic foundation for further studies and to investigate the relationship between individual attributes including age, gender, height, weight, job physical demand and each type of lifting capacity. Isokinetic and isometric lifting strength at low, waist and shoulder assessment levels were measured using the LIDO Workset II based on a sample of 93 normal Chinese adults (63 men and 30 women) between the ages of 21-51. The 50th percentile score for adult Chinese female's lifting strength was 17.71% lower than the American female while the adult Chinese male's lifting strength was 14.94% lower than the American male. Lifting forces were higher in the 20-40 year age group. The isometric work mode had considerable impact on the lifting capacities, with shoulder level having the highest lifting capacities. The gender and body weight had a significant positive correlation to lifting capacity while job physical demand had a moderate correlation. Age and body heights were weakly correlated to lifting capacity. Copyright 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Management of contaminated marine marketable resources after oil and HNS spills in Europe.

PubMed

Cunha, Isabel; Neuparth, Teresa; Moreira, Susana; Santos, Miguel M; Reis-Henriques, Maria Armanda

2014-03-15

Different risk evaluation approaches have been used to face oil and hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) spills all over the world. To minimize health risks and mitigate economic losses due to a long term ban on the sale of sea products after a spill, it is essential to preemptively set risk evaluation criteria and standard methodologies based on previous experience and appropriate scientifically sound criteria. Standard methodologies are analyzed and proposed in order to improve the definition of criteria for reintegrating previously contaminated marine marketable resources into the commercialization chain in Europe. The criteria used in former spills for the closing of and lifting of bans on fisheries and harvesting are analyzed. European legislation was identified regarding food sampling, food chemical analysis and maximum levels of contaminants allowed in seafood, which ought to be incorporated in the standard methodologies for the evaluation of the decision criteria defined for oil and HNS spills in Europe. A decision flowchart is proposed that opens the current decision criteria to new material that may be incorporated in the decision process. Decision criteria are discussed and compared among countries and incidents. An a priori definition of risk criteria and an elaboration of action plans are proposed to speed up actions that will lead to prompt final decisions. These decisions, based on the best available scientific data and conducing to lift or ban economic activity, will tend to be better understood and respected by citizens. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

KSC-2009-2477

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-04-01

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – In the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, technicians oversee the lifting of the control moment gyro, or CMG, from its container. The CMG is part of the payload on the STS-129 mission to the International Space Station. On the mission, space shuttle Atlantis also will deliver the orbital spares and replacement parts to sustain the life of the station. Photo credit: NASA/Troy Cryder

KSC-07pd0856

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-04-10

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In Astrotech's Payload Processing Facility, a crane lifts the shipping container from the Dawn spacecraft. Dawn's mission is to explore two of the asteroid belt's most intriguing and dissimilar occupants: asteroid Vesta and the dwarf planet Ceres. The Dawn mission is managed by JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington, D.C. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

KSC-2012-6380

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-12-04

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Workers inside the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida lift the orbital replacement unit for the space station's main bus switching unit as they prepare to pack the unit in a shipping container. The unit, which was processed at Kennedy, will be shipped to Japan at the beginning of the year for the HTV-4 launch, which is currently scheduled for 2013. Photo credit: NASA/Charisse Nahser

GOES-R Lift and Mate

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-11-09

A crane has been attached to the payload fairing containing NOAA's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R) at the Vertical Integration Facility at Space Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. GOES-R will be mated to the United Launch Alliance Atlas V Centaur upper stage in preparation for launch in November. GOES-R is the first satellite in a series of next-generation NOAA GOES Satellites.

KSC-07pd3241

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-06

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, the payload canister is lifted off its transporter toward the payload changeout room. The canister contains the Columbus Lab module and integrated cargo carrier-lite payloads for space shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-122. They will be transferred into the payload changeout room on the pad. Atlantis is targeted to launch on Dec. 6. Photo credit: NASA/Dimitri Gerondidakis

Cellulose triacetate, thin film dielectric capacitor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yen, Shiao-Ping S. (Inventor); Jow, T. Richard (Inventor)

1995-01-01

Very thin films of cellulose triacetate are cast from a solution containing a small amount of high boiling temperature, non-solvent which evaporates last and lifts the film from the casting surface. Stretched, oriented, crystallized films have high electrical breakdown properties. Metallized films less than about 2 microns in thickness form self-healing electrodes for high energy density, pulsed power capacitors. Thicker films can be utilized as a dielectric for a capacitor.

Cellulose triacetate, thin film dielectric capacitor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yen, Shiao-Ping S. (Inventor); Jow, T. Richard (Inventor)

1993-01-01

Very thin films of cellulose triacetate are cast from a solution containing a small amount of high boiling temperature, non-solvent which evaporates last and lifts the film from the casting surface. Stretched, oriented, crystallized films have high electrical breakdown properties. Metallized films less than about 2 microns in thickness form self-healing electrodes for high energy density, pulsed power capacitors. Thicker films can be utilized as a dielectric for a capacitor.

Biodegradation of paint stripper solvents in a modified gas lift loop bioreactor.

PubMed

Vanderberg-Twary, L; Steenhoudt, K; Travis, B J; Hanners, J L; Foreman, T M; Brainard, J R

1997-07-05

Paint stripping wastes generated during the decontamination and decommissioning of former nuclear facilities contain paint stripping organics (dichloromethane, 2-propanol, and methanol) and bulk materials containing paint pigments. It is desirable to degrade the organic residues as part of an integrated chemical-biological treatment system. We have developed a modified gas lift loop bioreactor employing a defined consortium of Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain OFS and Hyphomicrobium sp. DM-2 that degrades paint stripper organics. Mass transfer coefficients and kinetic constants for biodegradation in the system were determined. It was found that transfer of organic substrates from surrogate waste into the air and further into the liquid medium in the bioreactor were rapid processes, occurring within minutes. Monod kinetics was employed to model the biodegradation of paint stripping organics. Analysis of the bioreactor process was accomplished with BIOLAB, a mathematical code that simulates coupled mass transfer and biodegradation processes. This code was used to fit experimental data to Monod kinetics and to determine kinetic parameters. The BIOLAB code was also employed to compare activities in the bioreactor of individual microbial cultures to the activities of combined cultures in the bioreactor. This code is of benefit for further optimization and scale-up of the bioreactor for treatment of paint stripping and other volatile organic wastes in bulk materials.

EMG Activity of Selected Trunk and Hip Muscles During a Squat Lift: Effect of Varying the Lumbar Posture

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

8 Posterior Ligamentous System..........11 Stoop Lift vs. Squat Lift...............17 Kyphosis.....................18 Lordosis ...of EMG electrodes .. ........... . 27 3. Plot of the EMG activity (% MVIC) recorded during a squat lift with the lumbar spine in lordosis . . 31 4...during a squat lift with the lumbar spine in lordosis . . . 33 6. Plot of the EMG activity (% MDA) recorded during a squat lift with the lumbar spine in

21 CFR 880.5500 - AC-powered patient lift.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false AC-powered patient lift. 880.5500 Section 880.5500... Devices § 880.5500 AC-powered patient lift. (a) Identification. An AC-powered lift is an electrically powered device either fixed or mobile, used to lift and transport patients in the horizontal or other...

21 CFR 880.5500 - AC-powered patient lift.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false AC-powered patient lift. 880.5500 Section 880.5500... Devices § 880.5500 AC-powered patient lift. (a) Identification. An AC-powered lift is an electrically powered device either fixed or mobile, used to lift and transport patients in the horizontal or other...

29 CFR 1926.753 - Hoisting and rigging.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... lift rigging procedure. (1) A multiple lift shall only be performed if the following criteria are met: (i) A multiple lift rigging assembly is used; (ii) A maximum of five members are hoisted per lift... multiple lift have been trained in these procedures in accordance with § 1926.761(c)(1). (v) No crane is...

The Selection of a Van Lift or a Scooter.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stevens, John H.

1990-01-01

This newsletter issue describes 3-wheeled scooters and van lifts that can assist a person with a disability to drive independently or have access to transportation. The section on van lifts compares hydraulic lifts and electric lifts, lists manufacturers, and offers an "assessment quiz" outlining factors to consider in selecting a van…

Aerodynamic characteristics of a propeller-powered high-lift semispan wing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gentry, Garl L., Jr.; Takallu, M. A.; Applin, Zachary T.

1994-01-01

A small-scale semispan high-lift wing-flap system equipped under the wing with a turboprop engine assembly was tested in the LaRC 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel. Experimental data were obtained for various propeller rotational speeds, nacelle locations, and nacelle inclinations. To isolate the effects of the high lift system, data were obtained with and without the flaps and leading-edge device. The effects of the propeller slipstream on the overall longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of the wing-propeller assembly were examined. Test results indicated that the lift coefficient of the wing could be increased by the propeller slipstream when the rotational speed was increased and high-lift devices were deployed. Decreasing the nacelle inclination (increased pitch down) enhanced the lift performance of the system much more than varying the vertical or horizontal location of the nacelle. Furthermore, decreasing the nacelle inclination led to higher lift curve slope values, which indicated that the powered wing could sustain higher angles of attack near maximum lift performance. Any lift augmentation was accompanied by a drag penalty due to the increased wing lift.

General Theory of the Steady Motion of an Airplane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

De Bothezat, George

1921-01-01

The writer points out briefly the history of the method proposed for the study of steady motion of an airplane, which is different from other methods now used. M. Paul Painleve has shown how convenient the drag-lift curve was for the study of airplane steady motion. The author later added to the drift-lift curve the curve called the "speed curve" which permits a direct checking of the speed of the airplane under all flying conditions. But the speed curve was plotted in the same quadrant as the drag-lift curve. Later, with the progressive development of aeronautical science, and with the continually increasing knowledge concerning engines and propellers, the author was brought to add the three other quadrants to the original quadrant, and thus was obtained the steady motion chart which is described in detail in this report. This charts permits one to read directly for a given airplane its horizontal speed at any altitude, its rate of climb at any altitude, its apparent inclination to the horizon at any moment, its ceiling, its propeller thrust, revolutions, efficiency, and power absorbed, that is the complete set of quantities involved in the subject, and to follow the variations of all these quantities both for variable altitude and for variable throttle. The chart also permits one to follow the variation of all of the above in flight as a function of the lift coefficient and of the speed. The author also discusses the interaction of the airplane and propeller through the slipstream and the question of the properties of the engine-propeller system and its dependence upon the properties of the engine considered alone and of the propeller considered alone. There is also a discussion of a standard atmosphere.

WT - WIND TUNNEL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Viterna, L. A.

1994-01-01

WT was developed to calculate fan rotor power requirements and output thrust for a closed loop wind tunnel. The program uses blade element theory to calculate aerodynamic forces along the blade using airfoil lift and drag characteristics at an appropriate blade aspect ratio. A tip loss model is also used which reduces the lift coefficient to zero for the outer three percent of the blade radius. The application of momentum theory is not used to determine the axial velocity at the rotor plane. Unlike a propeller, the wind tunnel rotor is prevented from producing an increase in velocity in the slipstream. Instead, velocities at the rotor plane are used as input. Other input for WT includes rotational speed, rotor geometry, and airfoil characteristics. Inputs for rotor blade geometry include blade radius, hub radius, number of blades, and pitch angle. Airfoil aerodynamic inputs include angle at zero lift coefficient, positive stall angle, drag coefficient at zero lift coefficient, and drag coefficient at stall. WT is written in APL2 using IBM's APL2 interpreter for IBM PC series and compatible computers running MS-DOS. WT requires a CGA or better color monitor for display. It also requires 640K of RAM and MS-DOS v3.1 or later for execution. Both an MS-DOS executable and the source code are provided on the distribution medium. The standard distribution medium for WT is a 5.25 inch 360K MS-DOS format diskette in PKZIP format. The utility to unarchive the files, PKUNZIP, is also included. WT was developed in 1991. APL2 and IBM PC are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. PKUNZIP is a registered trademark of PKWare, Inc.

Summary of Lift and Lift/Cruise Fan Powered Lift Concept Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cook, Woodrow L.

1993-01-01

A summary is presented of some of the lift and lift/cruise fan technology including fan performance, fan stall, ground effects, ingestion and thrust loss, design tradeoffs and integration, control effectiveness and several other areas related to vertical short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) aircraft conceptual design. The various subjects addressed, while not necessarily pertinent to specific short takeoff/vertical landing (STOVL) supersonic designs being considered, are of interest to the general field of lift and lift/cruise fan aircraft designs and may be of importance in the future. The various wind tunnel and static tests reviewed are: (1) the Doak VZ-4 ducted fan, (2) the 0.57 scale model of the Bell X-22 ducted fan aircraft, (3) the Avrocar, (4) the General Electric lift/cruise fan, (5) the vertical short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) lift engine configurations related to ingestion and consequent thrust loss, (6) the XV-5 and other fan-in-wing stall consideration, (7) hybrid configurations such as lift fan and lift/cruise fan or engines, and (8) the various conceptual design studies by air-frame contractors. Other design integration problems related to small and large V/STOL transport aircraft are summarized including lessons learned during more recent conceptual design studies related to a small executive V/STOL transport aircraft.

Refined AFC-Enabled High-Lift System Integration Study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hartwich, Peter M.; Shmilovich, Arvin; Lacy, Douglas S.; Dickey, Eric D.; Scalafani, Anthony J.; Sundaram, P.; Yadlin, Yoram

2016-01-01

A prior trade study established the effectiveness of using Active Flow Control (AFC) for reducing the mechanical complexities associated with a modern high-lift system without sacrificing aerodynamic performance at low-speed flight conditions representative of takeoff and landing. The current technical report expands on this prior work in two ways: (1) a refined conventional high-lift system based on the NASA Common Research Model (CRM) is presented that is more representative of modern commercial transport aircraft in terms of stall characteristics and maximum Lift/Drag (L/D) ratios at takeoff and landing-approach flight conditions; and (2) the design trade space for AFC-enabled high-lift systems is expanded to explore a wider range of options for improving their efficiency. The refined conventional high-lift CRM (HL-CRM) concept features leading edge slats and slotted trailing edge flaps with Fowler motion. For the current AFC-enhanced high lift system trade study, the refined conventional high-lift system is simplified by substituting simply-hinged trailing edge flaps for the slotted single-element flaps with Fowler motion. The high-lift performance of these two high-lift CRM variants is established using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solutions to the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. These CFD assessments identify the high-lift performance that needs to be recovered through AFC to have the CRM variant with the lighter and mechanically simpler high-lift system match the performance of the conventional high-lift system. In parallel to the conventional high-lift concept development, parametric studies using CFD guided the development of an effective and efficient AFC-enabled simplified high-lift system. This included parametric trailing edge flap geometry studies addressing the effects of flap chord length and flap deflection. As for the AFC implementation, scaling effects (i.e., wind-tunnel versus full-scale flight conditions) are addressed, as are AFC architecture aspects such as AFC unit placement, number AFC units, operating pressures, mass flow rates, and steady versus unsteady AFC applications. These efforts led to the development of a novel traversing AFC actuation concept which is efficient in that it reduces the AFC mass flow requirements by as much as an order of magnitude compared to previous AFC technologies, and it is predicted to be effective in driving the aerodynamic performance of a mechanical simplified high-lift system close to that of the reference conventional high-lift system. Conceptual system integration studies were conducted for the AFC-enhanced high-lift concept applied to a NASA Environmentally Responsible Aircraft (ERA) reference configuration, the so-called ERA-0003 concept. The results from these design integration assessments identify overall system performance improvement opportunities over conventional high-lift systems that suggest the viability of further technology maturation efforts for AFC-enabled high lift flap systems. To that end, technical challenges are identified associated with the application of AFC-enabled high-lift systems to modern transonic commercial transports for future technology maturation efforts.

21 CFR 880.5510 - Non-AC-powered patient lift.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Non-AC-powered patient lift. 880.5510 Section 880... Devices § 880.5510 Non-AC-powered patient lift. (a) Identification. A non-AC-powered patient lift is a hydraulic, battery, or mechanically powered device, either fixed or mobile, used to lift and transport a...

75 FR 27662 - Special Conditions: Boeing 747-468, Installation of a Medical Lift

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-18

...; Notice No. 25-99-11-SC] Special Conditions: Boeing 747-468, Installation of a Medical Lift AGENCY... Aviation, will have a novel or unusual design feature associated with the installation of a medical lift... modification includes the installation of a medical lift between the main deck and upper deck. The lift allows...

21 CFR 880.5510 - Non-AC-powered patient lift.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Non-AC-powered patient lift. 880.5510 Section 880... Devices § 880.5510 Non-AC-powered patient lift. (a) Identification. A non-AC-powered patient lift is a hydraulic, battery, or mechanically powered device, either fixed or mobile, used to lift and transport a...

The Six Track Scherzer Rolling Lift Bridge…Two double track spans ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

The Six Track Scherzer Rolling Lift Bridge…Two double track spans closed. One double-track span open. Photocopy of plate xvi in Scherzer Rolling Lift Bridge Company, Scherzer Rolling Lift Bridges. - New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, Fort Point Channel Rolling Lift Bridge, Spanning Fort Point Channel, Boston, Suffolk County, MA

Research on Attribute Reduction in Hoisting Motor State Recognition of Quayside Container Crane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, F.; Tang, G.; Hu, X.

2017-07-01

In view of too many attributes in hoisting motor state recognition of quayside container crane. Attribute reduction method based on discernibility matrix is introduced to attribute reduction of lifting motor state information table. A method of attribute reduction based on the combination of rough set and genetic algorithm is proposed to deal with the hoisting motor state decision table. Under the condition that the information system's decision-making ability is unchanged, the redundant attribute is deleted. Which reduces the complexity and computation of the recognition process of the hoisting motor. It is possible to realize the fast state recognition.

Drag Reduction Devices for Aircraft (Latest Citations from the Aerospace Database)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

The bibliography contains citations concerning the modeling, application, testing, and development of drag reduction devices for aircraft. Slots, flaps, fences, large-eddy breakup (LEBU) devices, vortex generators and turbines, Helmholtz resonators, and winglets are among the devices discussed. Contour shaping to ensure laminar flow, control boundary layer transition, or minimize turbulence is also covered. Applications include the wings, nacelles, fuselage, empennage, and externals of aircraft designed for high-lift, subsonic, or supersonic operation. The design, testing, and development of directional grooves, commonly called riblets, are covered in a separate bibliography.(Contains 50-250 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.)

77 FR 32644 - Medical Devices; Exemption From Premarket Notification: Wheelchair Elevator

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-01

... elevator devices commonly known as inclined platform lifts and vertical platform lifts. These devices are... inclined platform lifts and vertical platform lifts), classified under 21 CFR 890.3930. IV. Comments...

High lift selected concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Henderson, M. L.

1979-01-01

The benefits to high lift system maximum life and, alternatively, to high lift system complexity, of applying analytic design and analysis techniques to the design of high lift sections for flight conditions were determined and two high lift sections were designed to flight conditions. The influence of the high lift section on the sizing and economics of a specific energy efficient transport (EET) was clarified using a computerized sizing technique and an existing advanced airplane design data base. The impact of the best design resulting from the design applications studies on EET sizing and economics were evaluated. Flap technology trade studies, climb and descent studies, and augmented stability studies are included along with a description of the baseline high lift system geometry, a calculation of lift and pitching moment when separation is present, and an inverse boundary layer technique for pressure distribution synthesis and optimization.

Total Facelift: Forehead Lift, Midface Lift, and Neck Lift

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Patients with thick skin mainly exhibit the aging processes of sagging, whereas patients with thin skin develop wrinkles or volume loss. Asian skin is usually thicker than that of Westerners; and thus, the sagging of skin due to aging, rather than wrinkling, is the chief problem to be addressed in Asians. Asian skin is also relatively large in area and thick, implying that the weight of tissue to be lifted is considerably heavier. These factors account for the difficulties in performing a facelift in Asians. Facelifts can be divided into forehead lift, midface lift, and lower face lift. These can be performed individually or with 2-3 procedures combined. PMID:25798381

Preliminary design of a supersonic Short-Takeoff and Vertical-Landing (STOVL) fighter aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

A preliminary study of a supersonic short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL) fighter is presented. Three configurations (a lift plus lift/cruise concept, a hybrid fan vectored thrust concept, and a mixed flow vectored thrust concept) were initially investigated with one configuration selected for further design analysis. The selected configuration, the lift plus lift/cruise concept, was successfully integrated to accommodate the powered lift short takeoff and vertical landing requirements as well as the demanding supersonic cruise and point performance requirements. A supersonic fighter aircraft with a short takeoff and vertical landing capability using the lift plus lift/cruise engine concept seems a viable option for the next generation fighter.

Aerodynamic characteristics of a large-scale lift-engine fighter model with external swiveling lift-engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barrack, J. P.; Kirk, J. V.

1972-01-01

The aerodynamic characteristics of a six-engine (four lift, two lift-cruise) lift-engine model obtained in the Ames 40- by 80-foot wind tunnel are presented. The model was an approximate one-half scale representation of a lift-engine VTOL fighter aircraft with a variable-sweep wing. The four lift-engines were housed in the aft fuselage with the inlets located above the wing. Longitudinal and lateral-directional force and moment data are presented for a range of exhaust gas momentum ratios (thrust coefficients). Wind tunnel forward speed was varied from 0 to 140 knots corresponding to a maximum Reynolds number of 6.7 million. The data are presented without analysis.

77 FR 28488 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Upper Mississippi River, Hannibal, MO

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-15

... lifting cables that operate the lift span. This deviation allows the bridge to remain in the closed position while the lift cables are replaced. DATES: This deviation is effective from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. on or... wire rope lifting cables that operate the lift span are replaced. The closure period will be from 9 a.m...

Detecting continuity violations in infancy: a new account and new evidence from covering and tube events.

PubMed

Wang, Su-hua; Baillargeon, Renée; Paterson, Sarah

2005-03-01

Recent research on infants' responses to occlusion and containment events indicates that, although some violations of the continuity principle are detected at an early age e.g. Aguiar, A., & Baillargeon, R. (1999). 2.5-month-old infants' reasoning about when objects should and should not be occluded. Cognitive Psychology 39, 116-157; Hespos, S. J., & Baillargeon, R. (2001). Knowledge about containment events in very young infants. Cognition 78, 207-245; Luo, Y., & Baillargeon, R. (in press). When the ordinary seems unexpected: Evidence for rule-based reasoning in young infants. Cognition; Wilcox, T., Nadel, L., & Rosser, R. (1996). Location memory in healthy preterm and full-term infants. Infant Behavior & Development 19, 309-323, others are not detected until much later e.g. Baillargeon, R., & DeVos, J. (1991). Object permanence in young infants: Further evidence. Child Development 62, 1227-1246; Hespos, S. J., & Baillargeon, R. (2001). Infants' knowledge about occlusion and containment events: A surprising discrepancy. Psychological Science 12, 140-147; Luo, Y., & Baillargeon, R. (2004). Infants' reasoning about events involving transparent occluders and containers. Manuscript in preparation; Wilcox, T. (1999). Object individuation: Infants' use of shape, size, pattern, and color. Cognition 72, 125-166. The present research focused on events involving covers or tubes, and brought to light additional examples of early and late successes in infants' ability to detect continuity violations. In Experiment 1, 2.5- to 3-month-old infants were surprised (1) when a cover was lowered over an object, slid to the right, and lifted to reveal no object; and (2) when a cover was lowered over an object, slid behind the left half of a screen, lifted above the screen, moved to the right, lowered behind the right half of the screen, slid past the screen, and finally lifted to reveal the object. In Experiments 2 and 3, 9- and 11-month-old infants were not surprised when a short cover was lowered over a tall object until it became fully hidden; only 12-month-old infants detected this violation. Finally, in Experiment 4, 9-, 12-, and 13-month-old infants were not surprised when a tall object was lowered inside a short tube until it became fully hidden; only 14-month-old infants detected this violation. A new account of infants' physical reasoning attempts to make sense of all of these results. New research directions suggested by the account are also discussed.

High-Lift Capability of Low Aspect Ratio Wings Utilizing Circulation Control and Upper Surface Blowing

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-07-01

span, ft (m) CD Drag coefficient, D/qS I CD Drag coefficient at zero lift CL Lift coefficient, L/qS CL Lift curve elope, aCL/aa I CL Maximum lift...recording on magnetic tape utilizing a Beckman 210 high-speed acquistion system. The wing-fuselage model was mounted in the test section such that...6, 7, and 8 show the tip sails have little impact on the zero or low-lift drag, but these j sails definitely influence the induced drag that is deve

Feasibility study of modern airships, phase 2. Volume 1: Heavy lift airship vehicle. Book 1: Overall study results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

A Heavy Lift Airship combining buoyant lift derived from a conventional helium-filled non-rigid airship hull with propulsive lift derived from conventional helicopter rotors was investigated. The buoyant lift essentially offsets the empty weight of the vehicle; thus the rotor thrust is available for useful load and to maneuver and control the vehicle. Such a vehicle is capable of providing a quantum increase in current vertical lifting capability. Certain critical deficiencies of past airships are significantly minimized or eliminated.

Analysis of squat and stoop dynamic liftings: muscle forces and internal spinal loads

PubMed Central

Bazrgari, Babak; Arjmand, Navid

2006-01-01

Despite the well-recognized role of lifting in back injuries, the relative biomechanical merits of squat versus stoop lifting remain controversial. In vivo kinematics measurements and model studies are combined to estimate trunk muscle forces and internal spinal loads under dynamic squat and stoop lifts with and without load in hands. Measurements were performed on healthy subjects to collect segmental rotations during lifts needed as input data in subsequent model studies. The model accounted for nonlinear properties of the ligamentous spine, wrapping of thoracic extensor muscles to take curved paths in flexion and trunk dynamic characteristics (inertia and damping) while subject to measured kinematics and gravity/external loads. A dynamic kinematics-driven approach was employed accounting for the spinal synergy by simultaneous consideration of passive structures and muscle forces under given posture and loads. Results satisfied kinematics and dynamic equilibrium conditions at all levels and directions. Net moments, muscle forces at different levels, passive (muscle or ligamentous) forces and internal compression/shear forces were larger in stoop lifts than in squat ones. These were due to significantly larger thorax, lumbar and pelvis rotations in stoop lifts. For the relatively slow lifting tasks performed in this study with the lowering and lifting phases each lasting ∼2 s, the effect of inertia and damping was not, in general, important. Moreover, posterior shift in the position of the external load in stoop lift reaching the same lever arm with respect to the S1 as that in squat lift did not influence the conclusion of this study on the merits of squat lifts over stoop ones. Results, for the tasks considered, advocate squat lifting over stoop lifting as the technique of choice in reducing net moments, muscle forces and internal spinal loads (i.e., moment, compression and shear force). PMID:17103232

Tolerability to prolonged lifting tasks. A validation of the recommended limits.

PubMed

Capodaglio, P; Bazzini, G

1997-01-01

Prolonged physical exertion is subjectively regulated by the perception of effort. This preliminary study was conducted to validate the use of subjective perceptions of effort in assessing objectively tolerable workloads for prolonged lifting tasks. Ten healthy male subjects tested their maximal lifting capacity (MLC) on a lift dynamometer (LidoLift, Loredan Biomed., West Sacramento, CA) and underwent incremental and 30-minute endurance lifting tests. Cardiorespiratory parameters were monitored with an oxygen uptake analyzer, mechanical parameters were calculated using a computerized dynamometer. Ratings of perceived exertion were given on Borg's 10-point scale. Physiological responses to repetitive lifting were matched with subjective perceptions. A single-variable statistical regression for power functions was performed to obtain the individual "iso-perception" curves as functions of the mechanical work exerted. We found that the "iso-perception" curve corresponding to a "moderate" perception of effort may represent the individual "tolerance threshold" for prolonged lifting tasks, since physiological responses at this level of intensity did not change significantly and the respiratory exchange ratio was less than one. The individually tolerable weight for lifting tasks lasting 30 min has been expressed as a percentage of the isoinertial MLC value and compared with the currently recommended limits for prolonged lifting tasks (Italian legislation D.L. 626/94). On the basis of our preliminary results a "tolerance threshold" of 20% MLC has been proposed for prolonged lifting tasks.

Computational Analysis of Powered Lift Augmentation for the LEAPTech Distributed Electric Propulsion Wing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Deere, Karen A.; Viken, Sally A.; Carter, Melissa B.; Viken, Jeffrey K.; Wiese, Michael R.; Farr, Norma L.

2017-01-01

A computational study of a distributed electric propulsion wing with a 40deg flap deflection has been completed using FUN3D. Two lift-augmentation power conditions were compared with the power-off configuration on the high-lift wing (40deg flap) at a 73 mph freestream flow and for a range of angles of attack from -5 degrees to 14 degrees. The computational study also included investigating the benefit of corotating versus counter-rotating propeller spin direction to powered-lift performance. The results indicate a large benefit in lift coefficient, over the entire range of angle of attack studied, by using corotating propellers that all spin counter to the wingtip vortex. For the landing condition, 73 mph, the unpowered 40deg flap configuration achieved a maximum lift coefficient of 2.3. With high-lift blowing the maximum lift coefficient increased to 5.61. Therefore, the lift augmentation is a factor of 2.4. Taking advantage of the fullspan lift augmentation at similar performance means that a wing powered with the distributed electric propulsion system requires only 42 percent of the wing area of the unpowered wing. This technology will allow wings to be 'cruise optimized', meaning that they will be able to fly closer to maximum lift over drag conditions at the design cruise speed of the aircraft.

Occupational lifting and pelvic pain during pregnancy: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort.

PubMed

Larsen, Pernille Stemann; Strandberg-Larsen, Katrine; Juhl, Mette; Svendsen, Susanne Wulff; Bonde, Jens Peter; Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo

2013-01-01

Pelvic pain during pregnancy is a common ailment, and the disease is a major cause of sickness absence during pregnancy. It is plausible that occupational lifting may be a risk factor of pelvic pain during pregnancy, but no previous studies have examined this specific exposure. The aim of this study was to examine the association between occupational lifting and pelvic pain during pregnancy. The study comprised 50 143 pregnant women, enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort in the period from 1996-2002. During pregnancy, the women provided information on occupational lifting (weight load and daily frequency), and six months post partum on pelvic pain. Adjusted odds ratios for pelvic pain during pregnancy according to occupational lifting were calculated by logistic regression. Any self-reported occupational lifting (>1 time/day and loads weighing >10 kg) was associated with an increased risk of pelvic pain during pregnancy as compared to no such lifting. A confounder-adjusted exposure-response relation was observed between self-reported total loads lifted and pelvic pain during pregnancy. Daily lifting of both medium (11-20 kg) and heavy loads (>20 kg) were associated with increased risk, and the highest risk was observed among women who lifted heavy loads independent of exposure to medium loads. Occupational lifting may increase the risk of pelvic pain during pregnancy.

KSC-2009-1371

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-11-05

VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, Calif. – Inside the payload processing facility at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, the shipping container for NOAA-N Prime is lifted. NOAA-N Prime is the latest polar-orbiting operational environmental weather satellite developed by NASA for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NOAA-N Prime is built by Lockheed Martin and similar to NOAA-N launched on May 20, 2005. Launch of NOAA-N Prime is scheduled for Feb. 4. Photo credit: NASA

WebBee: A Platform for Secure Coordination and Communication in Crisis Scenarios

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-04-16

implemented through database triggers. The Webbee Database Server contains an Information Server, which is a Postgres database with PostGIS [5] extension...sends it to the target user. The heavy lifting for this mechanism is done through an extension of Postgres triggers (Figures 6.1 and 6.2), resulting...in fewer queries and better performance. Trigger support in Postgres is table-based and comparatively primitive: with n table triggers, an update

76 FR 26606 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Illinois Waterway, Near Morris, IL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-09

... allow removal of the existing lift span and installation of the replacement lift span. This deviation...-navigation position for eighty-four hours while the existing lift span is removed and the replacement lift...

76 FR 40237 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Illinois Waterway, Near Morris, IL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-08

... allow removal of the existing lift span and installation of the replacement lift span. This deviation... position for eighty-four hours while the existing lift span is removed and the replacement lift span is...

Effect of camber on the trimmed lift capability of a close-coupled canard-wing configuration. [test in the Langley high speed 7- by 10-foot tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gloss, B. B.

1978-01-01

A close-coupled canard-wing configuration was tested in the Langely high-speed 7 by 10 foot tunnel at a Mach number of 0.30 to determine the effect of changing wing camber on the trimmed lift capability. Trimmed lift coefficients of near 2.0 were attained; however, the data indicated that the highest buffet-free trimmed lift coefficient attainable was approximately 1.30. The buffet used in this investigation were qualitative in nature and gave no indication of buffet intensity. Thus, the trimmed lift coefficient of near 2.0 might be attainable if the buffet intensity was not too high. The data showed that there was approximately a 10 percent variation in drag coefficient, for different model configurations, at a given trimmed lift coefficient. Large increases in wing lift had only small effects on canard lift.

Two years' outcome of thread lifting with absorbable barbed PDO threads: Innovative score for objective and subjective assessment.

PubMed

Ali, Yasser Helmy

2018-02-01

Thread-lifting rejuvenation procedures have evolved again, with the development of absorbable threads. Although they have gained popularity among plastic surgeons and dermatologists, very few articles have been written in literature about absorbable threads. This study aims to evaluate two years' outcome of thread lifting using absorbable barbed threads for facial rejuvenation. Prospective comparative stud both objectively and subjectively and follow-up assessment for 24 months. Thread lifting for face rejuvenation has significant long-lasting effects that include skin lifting from 3-10 mm and high degree of patients' satisfaction with less incidence rate of complications, about 4.8%. Augmented results are obtained when thread lifting is combined with other lifting and rejuvenation modalities. Significant facial rejuvenation is achieved by thread lifting and highly augmented results are observed when they are combined with Botox, fillers, and/or platelet rich plasma (PRP) rejuvenations.

Using verbal instructions to influence lifting mechanics - Does the directive "lift with your legs, not your back" attenuate spinal flexion?

PubMed

Beach, Tyson A C; Stankovic, Tatjana; Carnegie, Danielle R; Micay, Rachel; Frost, David M

2018-02-01

"Use your legs" is commonly perceived as sound advice to prevent lifting-related low-back pain and injuries, but there is limited evidence that this directive attenuates the concomitant biomechanical risk factors. Body segment kinematic data were collected from 12 men and 12 women who performed a laboratory lifting/lowering task after being provided with different verbal instructions. The main finding was that instructing participants to lift "without rounding your lower back" had a greater effect on the amount of spine flexion they exhibited when lifting/lowering than instructing them to lift "with your legs instead of your back" and "bend your knees and hips". It was concluded that if using verbal instructions to discourage spine flexion when lifting, the instructions should be spine- rather than leg-focused. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Lift enhancement by bats' dynamically changing wingspan

PubMed Central

Wang, Shizhao; Zhang, Xing; He, Guowei; Liu, Tianshu

2015-01-01

This paper elucidates the aerodynamic role of the dynamically changing wingspan in bat flight. Based on direct numerical simulations of the flow over a slow-flying bat, it is found that the dynamically changing wingspan can significantly enhance the lift. Further, an analysis of flow structures and lift decomposition reveal that the elevated vortex lift associated with the leading-edge vortices intensified by the dynamically changing wingspan considerably contributed to enhancement of the time-averaged lift. The nonlinear interaction between the dynamically changing wing and the vortical structures plays an important role in the lift enhancement of a flying bat in addition to the geometrical effect of changing the lifting-surface area in a flapping cycle. In addition, the dynamically changing wingspan leads to the higher efficiency in terms of generating lift for a given amount of the mechanical energy consumed in flight. PMID:26701882

String flash-boiling in gasoline direct injection simulations with transient needle motion

DOE PAGES

Baldwin, Eli T.; Grover, Jr., Ronald O.; Parrish, Scott E.; ...

2016-09-06

A computational study was performed to investigate the influence of transient needle motion on gasoline direct injection (GDI) internal nozzle flow and near-field sprays. Simulations were conducted with a compressible Eulerian flow solver modeling liquid, vapor, and non-condensable gas phases with a diffuse interface. Variable rate generation and condensation of fuel vapor were captured using the homogeneous relaxation model (HRM). The non-flashing (spray G) and flashing (spray G2) conditions specified by the Engine Combustion Network were modeled using the nominal spray G nozzle geometry and transient needle lift and wobble were based upon ensemble averaged x-ray imaging preformed at Argonnemore » National Lab. The minimum needle lift simulated was 5 μm and dynamic mesh motion was achieved with Laplacian smoothing. The results were qualitatively validated against experimental imaging and the experimental rate of injection profile was captured accurately using pressure boundary conditions and needle motion to actu- ate the injection. Needle wobble was found to have no measurable effect on the flow. Low needle lift is shown to result in vapor generation as fuel rushes past the needle. In conclusion, the internal injector flow is shown to contain many transient and interacting vortices which cause perturbations in the spray angle, fluctuations in the mass flux, and frequently result in string flash-boiling.« less

Micropatterning of poly(dimethylsiloxane) using a photoresist lift-off technique for selective electrical insulation of microelectrode arrays

PubMed Central

Park, Jaewon; Kim, Hyun Soo; Han, Arum

2009-01-01

A poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) patterning method based on a photoresist lift-off technique to make an electrical insulation layer with selective openings is presented. The method enables creating PDMS patterns with small features and various thicknesses without any limitation in the designs and without the need for complicated processes or expensive equipments. Patterned PDMS layers were created by spin-coating liquid phase PDMS on top of a substrate having sacrificial photoresist patterns, followed by a photoresist lift-off process. The thickness of the patterned PDMS layers could be accurately controlled (6.5–24 µm) by adjusting processing parameters such as PDMS spin-coating speeds, PDMS dilution ratios, and sacrificial photoresist thicknesses. PDMS features as small as 15 µm were successfully patterned and the effects of each processing parameter on the final patterns were investigated. Electrical resistance tests between adjacent electrodes with and without the insulation layer showed that the patterned PDMS layer functions properly as an electrical insulation layer. Biocompatibility of the patterned PDMS layer was confirmed by culturing primary neuron cells on top of the layer for up to two weeks. An extensive neuronal network was successfully formed, showing that this PDMS patterning method can be applied to various biosensing microdevices. The utility of this fabrication method was further demonstrated by successfully creating a patterned electrical insulation layer on flexible substrates containing multi-electrode arrays. PMID:19946385

String flash-boiling in gasoline direct injection simulations with transient needle motion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baldwin, Eli T.; Grover, Jr., Ronald O.; Parrish, Scott E.

A computational study was performed to investigate the influence of transient needle motion on gasoline direct injection (GDI) internal nozzle flow and near-field sprays. Simulations were conducted with a compressible Eulerian flow solver modeling liquid, vapor, and non-condensable gas phases with a diffuse interface. Variable rate generation and condensation of fuel vapor were captured using the homogeneous relaxation model (HRM). The non-flashing (spray G) and flashing (spray G2) conditions specified by the Engine Combustion Network were modeled using the nominal spray G nozzle geometry and transient needle lift and wobble were based upon ensemble averaged x-ray imaging preformed at Argonnemore » National Lab. The minimum needle lift simulated was 5 μm and dynamic mesh motion was achieved with Laplacian smoothing. The results were qualitatively validated against experimental imaging and the experimental rate of injection profile was captured accurately using pressure boundary conditions and needle motion to actu- ate the injection. Needle wobble was found to have no measurable effect on the flow. Low needle lift is shown to result in vapor generation as fuel rushes past the needle. In conclusion, the internal injector flow is shown to contain many transient and interacting vortices which cause perturbations in the spray angle, fluctuations in the mass flux, and frequently result in string flash-boiling.« less

Label-free microfluidic enrichment of ring-stage Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells using non-inertial hydrodynamic lift.

PubMed

Geislinger, Thomas M; Chan, Sherwin; Moll, Kirsten; Wixforth, Achim; Wahlgren, Mats; Franke, Thomas

2014-09-20

Understanding of malaria pathogenesis caused by Plasmodium falciparum has been greatly deepened since the introduction of in vitro culture system, but the lack of a method to enrich ring-stage parasites remains a technical challenge. Here, a novel way to enrich red blood cells containing parasites in the early ring stage is described and demonstrated. A simple, straight polydimethylsiloxane microchannel connected to two syringe pumps for sample injection and two height reservoirs for sample collection is used to enrich red blood cells containing parasites in the early ring stage (8-10 h p.i.). The separation is based on the non-inertial hydrodynamic lift effect, a repulsive cell-wall interaction that enables continuous and label-free separation with deformability as intrinsic marker. The possibility to enrich red blood cells containing P. falciparum parasites at ring stage with a throughput of ~12,000 cells per hour and an average enrichment factor of 4.3 ± 0.5 is demonstrated. The method allows for the enrichment of red blood cells early after the invasion by P. falciparum parasites continuously and without any need to label the cells. The approach promises new possibilities to increase the sensitivity of downstream analyses like genomic- or diagnostic tests. The device can be produced as a cheap, disposable chip with mass production technologies and works without expensive peripheral equipment. This makes the approach interesting for the development of new devices for field use in resource poor settings and environments, e.g. with the aim to increase the sensitivity of microscope malaria diagnosis.

Self-actuating grapple automatically engages and releases loads from overhead cranes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Froehlich, J. A.; Karastas, G. A.

1966-01-01

Two-piece grapple mechanism consisting of a lift knob secured to the load and a grapple member connected to the crane or lift automatically disengages the load from the overhead lifting device when the load contacts the ground. The key feature is the sliding collar under the lift knob which enables the grapple latch to be stripped off over the lift knob.

Aerodynamic Performance and Static Stability and Control of Flat-Top Hypersonic Gliders at Mach Numbers from 0.6 to 18

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Syvertson, Clarence A; Gloria, Hermilo R; Sarabia, Michael F

1958-01-01

A study is made of aerodynamic performance and static stability and control at hypersonic speeds. In a first part of the study, the effect of interference lift is investigated by tests of asymmetric models having conical fuselages and arrow plan-form wings. The fuselage of the asymmetric model is located entirely beneath the wing and has a semicircular cross section. The fuselage of the symmetric model was centrally located and has a circular cross section. Results are obtained for Mach numbers from 3 to 12 in part by application of the hypersonic similarity rule. These results show a maximum effect of interference on lift-drag ratio occurring at Mach number of 5, the Mach number at which the asymmetric model was designed to exploit favorable lift interference. At this Mach number, the asymmetric model is indicated to have a lift-drag ratio 11 percent higher than the symmetric model and 15 percent higher than the asymmetric model when inverted. These differences decrease to a few percent at a Mach number of 12. In the course of this part of the study, the accuracy to the hypersonic similarity rule applied to wing-body combinations is demonstrated with experimental results. These results indicate that the rule may prove useful for determining the aerodynamic characteristics of slender configurations at Mach numbers higher than those for which test equipment is really available. In a second part of the study, the aerodynamic performance and static stability and control characteristics of a hypersonic glider are investigated in somewhat greater detail. Results for Mach numbers from 3 to 18 for performance and 0.6 to 12 for stability and control are obtained by standard text techniques, by application of the hypersonic stability rule, and/or by use of helium as a test medium. Lift-drag ratios of about 5 for Mach numbers up to 18 are shown to be obtainable. The glider studied is shown to have acceptable longitudinal and directional stability characteristics through the range of Mach numbers studied. Some roll instability (negative effective dihedral) is found at Mach numbers near 12.

AFC-Enabled Simplified High-Lift System Integration Study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hartwich, Peter M.; Dickey, Eric D.; Sclafani, Anthony J.; Camacho, Peter; Gonzales, Antonio B.; Lawson, Edward L.; Mairs, Ron Y.; Shmilovich, Arvin

2014-01-01

The primary objective of this trade study report is to explore the potential of using Active Flow Control (AFC) for achieving lighter and mechanically simpler high-lift systems for transonic commercial transport aircraft. This assessment was conducted in four steps. First, based on the Common Research Model (CRM) outer mold line (OML) definition, two high-lift concepts were developed. One concept, representative of current production-type commercial transonic transports, features leading edge slats and slotted trailing edge flaps with Fowler motion. The other CRM-based design relies on drooped leading edges and simply hinged trailing edge flaps for high-lift generation. The relative high-lift performance of these two high-lift CRM variants is established using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solutions to the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for steady flow. These CFD assessments identify the high-lift performance that needs to be recovered through AFC to have the CRM variant with the lighter and mechanically simpler high-lift system match the performance of the conventional high-lift system. Conceptual design integration studies for the AFC-enhanced high-lift systems were conducted with a NASA Environmentally Responsible Aircraft (ERA) reference configuration, the so-called ERA-0003 concept. These design trades identify AFC performance targets that need to be met to produce economically feasible ERA-0003-like concepts with lighter and mechanically simpler high-lift designs that match the performance of conventional high-lift systems. Finally, technical challenges are identified associated with the application of AFC-enabled highlift systems to modern transonic commercial transports for future technology maturation efforts.

Estimation of unsteady lift on a pitching airfoil from wake velocity surveys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zaman, K. B. M. Q.; Panda, J.; Rumsey, C. L.

1993-01-01

The results of a joint experimental and computational study on the flowfield over a periodically pitched NACA0012 airfoil, and the resultant lift variation, are reported in this paper. The lift variation over a cycle of oscillation, and hence the lift hysteresis loop, is estimated from the velocity distribution in the wake measured or computed for successive phases of the cycle. Experimentally, the estimated lift hysteresis loops are compared with available data from the literature as well as with limited force balance measurements. Computationally, the estimated lift variations are compared with the corresponding variation obtained from the surface pressure distribution. Four analytical formulations for the lift estimation from wake surveys are considered and relative successes of the four are discussed.

Development of a Low-Lift Chiller Controller and Simplified Precooling Control Algorithm - Final Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gayeski, N.; Armstrong, Peter; Alvira, M.

2011-11-30

KGS Buildings LLC (KGS) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) have developed a simplified control algorithm and prototype low-lift chiller controller suitable for model-predictive control in a demonstration project of low-lift cooling. Low-lift cooling is a highly efficient cooling strategy conceived to enable low or net-zero energy buildings. A low-lift cooling system consists of a high efficiency low-lift chiller, radiant cooling, thermal storage, and model-predictive control to pre-cool thermal storage overnight on an optimal cooling rate trajectory. We call the properly integrated and controlled combination of these elements a low-lift cooling system (LLCS). This document is the final report formore » that project.« less

Real-Time Radiographic In-Situ Characterization Of Ply Lift In Composite Aerospace Materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beshears, Ronald D.; Doering, Edward R.

2006-01-01

The problem of ply lifting in composite materials is a significant issue for various aerospace and military applications. A fundamental element in the prevention or mitigation of ply lift is determination of the timing of the ply lifting event during exposure of the composite material to flight conditions. The Marshall Space Flight Center s Nondestructive Evaluation Team developed a real-time radiographic technique for the detection of ply lift in carbon phenolic ablative materials in situ during live firings of subscale test motors in support of NASA s Reusable Solid Rocket Motor program, using amorphous silicon detector panels. The radiographic method has successfully detected ply lifting in seven consecutive carbon phenolic converging cones attached to solid fuel torches, providing the time of ply lift initiation in each test. Post-processing of the radiographic images improved the accuracy of timing measurements and allowed measurement of the ply lifting height as a function of time. Radiographic data correlated well with independent pressure and temperature measurements that indicate the onset of ply lift in the nozzle material.

View of West end of central lift span truss web ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View of West end of central lift span truss web of Tensaw River Bridge, showing web brace of lift girder superstructure, looking west - Tensaw River Lift Bridge, Spanning Tensaw River at U.S. Highway 90, Mobile, Mobile County, AL

Lifting Safety: Tips To Help Prevent Back Injuries

MedlinePlus

... injury from lifting? How can I improve my environment to reduce my risk of back injuries? Resources National Safety Council, Lift and Carry U.S. Department of Labor: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Heavy Lifting Last Updated: March 15, 2017 ...

Inexpensive Dramatic Pneumatic Lift

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morse, Robert A.

2017-09-01

Various experiments and demonstrations relate air pressure and air pressure difference to force and area. Carpenter and Minnix describe a large-scale pneumatic lift in which a person sitting on a board atop a plastic garbage bag is lifted when the bag is connected to the exhaustport of a vacuum cleaner, which easily lifts the person. This article describes the construction and use of an inexpensive hand-held pneumatic lift to demonstrate the same principle.

Variable pitch fan system for NASA/Navy research and technology aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ryan, W. P.; Black, D. M.; Yates, A. F.

1977-01-01

Preliminary design of a shaft driven, variable-pitch lift fan and lift-cruise fan was conducted for a V/STOL Research and Technology Aircraft. The lift fan and lift-cruise fan employed a common rotor of 157.5 cm diameter, 1.18 pressure ratio variable-pitch fan designed to operate at a rotor-tip speed of 284 mps. Fan performance maps were prepared and detailed aerodynamic characteristics were established. Cost/weight/risk trade studies were conducted for the blade and fan case. Structural sizing was conducted for major components and weights determined for both the lift and lift-cruise fans.

Low profile, high load vertical rolling positioning stage

DOEpatents

Shu, Deming; Barraza, Juan

1996-01-01

A stage or support platform assembly for use in a synchrotron accurately positions equipment to be used in the beam line of the synchrotron. The support platform assembly includes an outer housing in which is disposed a lifting mechanism having a lifting platform or stage at its upper extremity on which the equipment is mounted. A worm gear assembly is located in the housing and is adapted to raise and lower a lifting shaft that is fixed to the lifting platform by an anti-binding connection. The lifting platform is moved vertically as the lifting shaft is moved vertically. The anti-binding connection prevents the shaft from rotating with respect to the platform, but does permit slight canting of the shaft with respect to the lifting platform so as to eliminate binding and wear due to possible tolerance mismatches. In order to ensure that the lifting mechanism does not move in a horizontal direction as it is moved vertically, at least three linear roller bearing assemblies are arranged around the outer-periphery of the lifting mechanism. One of the linear roller bearing assemblies can be adjusted so that the roller bearings apply a loading force against the lifting mechanism. Alternatively, a cam mechanism can be used to provide such a loading force.

A comparative analysis of lumbar spine mechanics during barbell- and crate-lifting: implications for occupational lifting task assessments.

PubMed

Zehr, Jackie D; Carnegie, Danielle R; Welsh, Timothy N; Beach, Tyson A C

2018-03-19

To compare the effects of object handled and handgrip used on lumbar spine motion and loading during occupational lifting task simulations. Eight male and eight female volunteers performed barbell and crate lifts with a pronated (barbell) and a neutral (crate) handgrip. The mass of barbells/crates lifted was identical across the objects and fixed at 11.6 and 9.3 kg for men and women, respectively. The initial heights of barbells/crates were individualized to mid-shank level. Body segment kinematics and foot-ground reaction kinetics were collected, and then input into an electromyography-assisted dynamic biomechanical model to quantify lumbar spine motion and loading. Lumbar compression and net lumbosacral moment magnitudes were 416 N and 17 Nm lower when lifting a barbell than when lifting a crate (p < 0.001), respectively. There were no between-condition differences in lumbar flexion displacements (p > 0.392) or flexion/extension velocities (p > 0.085). Crate- and barbell-lifting tasks can be used interchangeably if assessing lifting mechanics based on peak spine motion variables. If assessments are based on the spine loading responses to task demands, however, then crate- and barbell-lifting tasks cannot be used interchangeably.

High-Lift Optimization Design Using Neural Networks on a Multi-Element Airfoil

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greenman, Roxana M.; Roth, Karlin R.; Smith, Charles A. (Technical Monitor)

1998-01-01

The high-lift performance of a multi-element airfoil was optimized by using neural-net predictions that were trained using a computational data set. The numerical data was generated using a two-dimensional, incompressible, Navier-Stokes algorithm with the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. Because it is difficult to predict maximum lift for high-lift systems, an empirically-based maximum lift criteria was used in this study to determine both the maximum lift and the angle at which it occurs. Multiple input, single output networks were trained using the NASA Ames variation of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for each of the aerodynamic coefficients (lift, drag, and moment). The artificial neural networks were integrated with a gradient-based optimizer. Using independent numerical simulations and experimental data for this high-lift configuration, it was shown that this design process successfully optimized flap deflection, gap, overlap, and angle of attack to maximize lift. Once the neural networks were trained and integrated with the optimizer, minimal additional computer resources were required to perform optimization runs with different initial conditions and parameters. Applying the neural networks within the high-lift rigging optimization process reduced the amount of computational time and resources by 83% compared with traditional gradient-based optimization procedures for multiple optimization runs.

A fundamental study of drag and an assessment of conventional drag-due-to-lift reduction devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yates, J. E.; Donald, C. D.

1986-09-01

The integral conservation laws of fluid mechanics are used to assess the drag efficiency of lifting wings, both CTOL and various out-of-plane configurations. The drag-due-to-lift is separated into two major components: (1) the induced drag-due-to-lift that depends on aspect ratio but is relatively independent of Reynolds number; (2) the form drag-due-to-lift that is independent of aspect ratio but dependent on the details of the wing section design, planform and Reynolds number. For each lifting configuration there is an optimal load distribution that yields the minimum value of drag-due-to-lift. For well designed high aspect ratio CTOL wings the two drag components are independent. With modern design technology CTOL wings can be (and usually are) designed with a drag-due-to-lift efficiency close to unity. Wing tip-devices (winglets, feathers, sails, etc.) can improve drag-due-to-lift efficiency by 10 to 15% if they are designed as an integral part of the wing. As add-on devices they can be detrimental. It is estimated that 25% improvements of wing drag-due-to-lift efficiency can be obtained with joined tip configurations and vertically separated lifting elements without considering additional benefits that might be realized by improved structural efficiency. It is strongly recommended that an integrated aerodynamic/structural approach be taken in the design of (or research on) future out-of-plane configurations.

Three-Dimensional Effects in Multi-Element High Lift Computations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rumsey, Christopher L.; LeeReusch, Elizabeth M.; Watson, Ralph D.

2003-01-01

In an effort to discover the causes for disagreement between previous two-dimensional (2-D) computations and nominally 2-D experiment for flow over the three-element McDonnell Douglas 30P-30N airfoil configuration at high lift, a combined experimental/CFD investigation is described. The experiment explores several different side-wall boundary layer control venting patterns, documents venting mass flow rates, and looks at corner surface flow patterns. The experimental angle of attack at maximum lift is found to be sensitive to the side-wall venting pattern: a particular pattern increases the angle of attack at maximum lift by at least 2 deg. A significant amount of spanwise pressure variation is present at angles of attack near maximum lift. A CFD study using three-dimensional (3-D) structured-grid computations, which includes the modeling of side-wall venting, is employed to investigate 3-D effects on the flow. Side-wall suction strength is found to affect the angle at which maximum lift is predicted. Maximum lift in the CFD is shown to be limited by the growth of an off-body corner flow vortex and consequent increase in spanwise pressure variation and decrease in circulation. The 3-D computations with and without wall venting predict similar trends to experiment at low angles of attack, but either stall too early or else overpredict lift levels near maximum lift by as much as 5%. Unstructured-grid computations demonstrate that mounting brackets lower the lift levels near maximum lift conditions.

Two-Dimensional High-Lift Aerodynamic Optimization Using Neural Networks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greenman, Roxana M.

1998-01-01

The high-lift performance of a multi-element airfoil was optimized by using neural-net predictions that were trained using a computational data set. The numerical data was generated using a two-dimensional, incompressible, Navier-Stokes algorithm with the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. Because it is difficult to predict maximum lift for high-lift systems, an empirically-based maximum lift criteria was used in this study to determine both the maximum lift and the angle at which it occurs. The 'pressure difference rule,' which states that the maximum lift condition corresponds to a certain pressure difference between the peak suction pressure and the pressure at the trailing edge of the element, was applied and verified with experimental observations for this configuration. Multiple input, single output networks were trained using the NASA Ames variation of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for each of the aerodynamic coefficients (lift, drag and moment). The artificial neural networks were integrated with a gradient-based optimizer. Using independent numerical simulations and experimental data for this high-lift configuration, it was shown that this design process successfully optimized flap deflection, gap, overlap, and angle of attack to maximize lift. Once the neural nets were trained and integrated with the optimizer, minimal additional computer resources were required to perform optimization runs with different initial conditions and parameters. Applying the neural networks within the high-lift rigging optimization process reduced the amount of computational time and resources by 44% compared with traditional gradient-based optimization procedures for multiple optimization runs.

A fundamental study of drag and an assessment of conventional drag-due-to-lift reduction devices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yates, J. E.; Donald, C. D.

1986-01-01

The integral conservation laws of fluid mechanics are used to assess the drag efficiency of lifting wings, both CTOL and various out-of-plane configurations. The drag-due-to-lift is separated into two major components: (1) the induced drag-due-to-lift that depends on aspect ratio but is relatively independent of Reynolds number; (2) the form drag-due-to-lift that is independent of aspect ratio but dependent on the details of the wing section design, planform and Reynolds number. For each lifting configuration there is an optimal load distribution that yields the minimum value of drag-due-to-lift. For well designed high aspect ratio CTOL wings the two drag components are independent. With modern design technology CTOL wings can be (and usually are) designed with a drag-due-to-lift efficiency close to unity. Wing tip-devices (winglets, feathers, sails, etc.) can improve drag-due-to-lift efficiency by 10 to 15% if they are designed as an integral part of the wing. As add-on devices they can be detrimental. It is estimated that 25% improvements of wing drag-due-to-lift efficiency can be obtained with joined tip configurations and vertically separated lifting elements without considering additional benefits that might be realized by improved structural efficiency. It is strongly recommended that an integrated aerodynamic/structural approach be taken in the design of (or research on) future out-of-plane configurations.

Installation of Existing Lift Systems for the Handicapped on Light Rail Vehicles

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-05-01

This report documents the results of a three-phase program to install an existing transit bus wheelchair lift system on a Boeing Light Rail Vehicle (LRV). Program activities included a review of lift requirements, evaluation of existing lift systems,...

Approach Considerations in Aircraft with High-Lift Propeller Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Patterson, Michael D.; Borer, Nicholas K.

2017-01-01

NASA's research into distributed electric propulsion (DEP) includes the design and development of the X-57 Maxwell aircraft. This aircraft has two distinct types of DEP: wingtip propellers and high-lift propellers. This paper focuses on the unique opportunities and challenges that the high-lift propellers--i.e., the small diameter propellers distributed upstream of the wing leading edge to augment lift at low speeds--bring to the aircraft performance in approach conditions. Recent changes to the regulations related to certifying small aircraft (14 CFR x23) and these new regulations' implications on the certification of aircraft with high-lift propellers are discussed. Recommendations about control systems for high-lift propeller systems are made, and performance estimates for the X-57 aircraft with high-lift propellers operating are presented.

Seismic Instrument Development

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

xnxx .~.0722MICROMETER RP .025/REV. - .000681 8 INCHES PER MIN. WITH 5.4 RPM MOTOR. RATE IS .0006818 IN/MIN. FIGURE 2.1.1-1. STRAIN/INERTIAL GEAR...is located on the circuit board in the outer high-vacuum com - partment. The schematic of the transducer and transducer amplifier is shown in figure...packaged for shipment by com - mercial air carrier using standard commercial practices. The total system may be air lifted by helicopter to remote

Application of multivariable search techniques to the optimization of airfoils in a low speed nonlinear inviscid flow field

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hague, D. S.; Merz, A. W.

1975-01-01

Multivariable search techniques are applied to a particular class of airfoil optimization problems. These are the maximization of lift and the minimization of disturbance pressure magnitude in an inviscid nonlinear flow field. A variety of multivariable search techniques contained in an existing nonlinear optimization code, AESOP, are applied to this design problem. These techniques include elementary single parameter perturbation methods, organized search such as steepest-descent, quadratic, and Davidon methods, randomized procedures, and a generalized search acceleration technique. Airfoil design variables are seven in number and define perturbations to the profile of an existing NACA airfoil. The relative efficiency of the techniques are compared. It is shown that elementary one parameter at a time and random techniques compare favorably with organized searches in the class of problems considered. It is also shown that significant reductions in disturbance pressure magnitude can be made while retaining reasonable lift coefficient values at low free stream Mach numbers.

A computer program to calculate the longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of upper-surface-blown wing-flap configurations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mendenhall, M. R.

1978-01-01

A user's manual is presented for a computer program in which a vortex-lattice lifting-surface method is used to model the wing and multiple flaps. The engine wake model consists of a series of closely spaced vortex rings with rectangular cross sections. The jet wake is positioned such that the lower boundary of the jet is tangent to the wing and flap upper surfaces. The two potential flow models are used to calculate the wing-flap loading distribution including the influence of the wakes from up to two engines on the semispan. The method is limited to the condition where the flow and geometry of the configurations are symmetric about the vertical plane containing the wing root chord. The results include total configuration forces and moments, individual lifting-surface load distributions, pressure distributions, flap hinge moments, and flow field calculation at arbitrary field points. The use of the program, preparation of input, the output, program listing, and sample cases are described.

The Zero-Lift Drag of Several Configurations of the XAAM-N-2 Pilotless Aircraft. TED No. NACA DE332

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, James R.; Sandahl, Carl A.

1950-01-01

Free-flight tests have been made to determine the zero-lift drag of several configurations of the XAAM-N-2 pilotless aircraft. Base-pressure measurements were also obtained for some of the configurations. The results show that increasing the wing-thickness ratio from 4 to 6 percent increased the wing drag by about 100 percent at M = 1.3 and by about 30 percent at M = 1.8. Increasing the nose fineness ratio from 5.00 to 6.25 reduced the drag coefficient of the wingless models a maximum of about 0.030 (10 percent) at M = 2.0. A corresponding change in nose shape for the winged models decreased the drag coefficient by about 0.05 in the Mach number range from 1.1 to 1.4; at Mach numbers greater than 1.6 no measurable reduction in drag coefficient was obtained. The drag of the present Sparrow fuselage is less than that of a parabolic fuselage which could contain the same equipment.

Parametric Investigation of a High-Lift Airfoil at High Reynolds Numbers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lin, John C.; Dominik, Chet J.

1997-01-01

A new two-dimensional, three-element, advanced high-lift research airfoil has been tested in the NASA Langley Research Center s Low-Turbulence Pressure Tunnel at a chord Reynolds number up to 1.6 x 107. The components of this high-lift airfoil have been designed using a incompressible computational code (INS2D). The design was to provide high maximum-lift values while maintaining attached flow on the single-segment flap at landing conditions. The performance of the new NASA research airfoil is compared to a similar reference high-lift airfoil. On the new high-lift airfoil the effects of Reynolds number on slat and flap rigging have been studied experimentally, as well as the Mach number effects. The performance trend of the high-lift design is comparable to that predicted by INS2D over much of the angle-of-attack range. However, the code did not accurately predict the airfoil performance or the configuration-based trends near maximum lift where the compressibility effect could play a major role.

Study of lifting operation of a tripod foundation for offshore wind turbine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, H.; Li, L.; Ong, M. C.

2017-12-01

This study addresses numerical analysis of the installation of a tripod foundation using a heavy lift vessel (HLV). Limiting sea states are firstly predicted in the frequency domain based on crane tip vertical motions using linear transfer functions. Then, numerical modelling and simulations are carried out in the time domain to analyse the coupled dynamic system taking into consideration of the nonlinearities of the system. In time-domain analysis, two lifting phases are brought into focus, i.e., the lift-off and the lowering phases. For the lift-off phase, two scenarios are considered, i.e., lift-off from the own deck of the HLV and lift-off from a transport barge. Moreover, comparative studies using two types of installation vessels, a floating vessel and a Jack-up, are investigated for the lowering process. Critical responses including the motions of the tripod and the lift wire tensions are presented and compared under various environmental and loading conditions.

Heat, mass and force flows in supersonic shockwave interaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dixon, John Michael

There is no cost effective way to deliver a payload to space and, with rising fuel prices, currently the price to travel commercially is also becoming more prohibitive to the public. During supersonic flight, compressive shock waves form around the craft which could be harnessed to deliver an additional lift on the craft. Using a series of hanging plates below a lifting wing design, the total lift generated can be increased above conventional values, while still maintaining a similar lift-to-drag ratio. Here, we study some of the flows involved in supersonic shockwave interaction. This analysis uses ANSYS Fluent Computational Fluid Dynamics package as the modeler. Our findings conclude an increase of up to 30% lift on the modeled craft while maintaining the lift-to-drag profile of the unmodified lifting wing. The increase in lift when utilizing the shockwave interaction could increase transport weight and reduce fuel cost for space and commercial flight, as well as mitigating negative effects associated with supersonic travel.

EMG Processing Based Measures of Fatigue Assessment during Manual Lifting.

PubMed

Shair, E F; Ahmad, S A; Marhaban, M H; Mohd Tamrin, S B; Abdullah, A R

2017-01-01

Manual lifting is one of the common practices used in the industries to transport or move objects to a desired place. Nowadays, even though mechanized equipment is widely available, manual lifting is still considered as an essential way to perform material handling task. Improper lifting strategies may contribute to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), where overexertion contributes as the highest factor. To overcome this problem, electromyography (EMG) signal is used to monitor the workers' muscle condition and to find maximum lifting load, lifting height and number of repetitions that the workers are able to handle before experiencing fatigue to avoid overexertion. Past researchers have introduced several EMG processing techniques and different EMG features that represent fatigue indices in time, frequency, and time-frequency domain. The impact of EMG processing based measures in fatigue assessment during manual lifting are reviewed in this paper. It is believed that this paper will greatly benefit researchers who need a bird's eye view of the biosignal processing which are currently available, thus determining the best possible techniques for lifting applications.

Lifting bloody footwear impressions using alginate casts followed by chemical enhancement.

PubMed

Wiesner, Sarena; Izraeli, Elad; Shor, Yaron; Domb, Avi

2013-05-01

A method for lifting bloody footwear impressions using alginate casts and enhancing the lifted impressions with amido black is presented. On rough or dark substrates, background interferences may conceal significant details of footwear impressions. Illumination with alternative light sources and chemically enhancing the bloody footwear impressions may reveal additional details, but sometimes, lifting footwear impressions prior to enhancing is the only way to expose hidden details (by using blood reagents not adequate on the original). Several cast formulations were tested for lifting the footwear impressions. The best results were achieved using Aroma fine®. Enhancement of the footwear impressions was attempted with several reagents prior to lifting, during the casting process, and on the lifted footwear impressions. Applying amido black to footwear impressions lifted with alginate produced the sharpest and most detailed footwear impressions. Alginate castings followed by chemical enhancement with amido black may produce high-quality footwear impressions for comparison. © 2013 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Advanced metal lift-off process using electron-beam flood exposure of single-layer photoresist

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Minter, Jason P.; Ross, Matthew F.; Livesay, William R.; Wong, Selmer S.; Narcy, Mark E.; Marlowe, Trey

1999-06-01

In the manufacture of many types of integrated circuit and thin film devices, it is desirable to use a lift-of process for the metallization step to avoid manufacturing problems encountered when creating metal interconnect structures using plasma etch. These problems include both metal adhesion and plasma etch difficulties. Key to the success of the lift-off process is the creation of a retrograde or undercut profile in the photoresists before the metal deposition step. Until now, lift-off processing has relied on costly multi-layer photoresists schemes, image reversal, and non-repeatable photoresist processes to obtain the desired lift-off profiles in patterned photoresist. This paper present a simple, repeatable process for creating robust, user-defined lift-off profiles in single layer photoresist using a non-thermal electron beam flood exposure. For this investigation, lift-off profiles created using electron beam flood exposure of many popular photoresists were evaluated. Results of lift-off profiles created in positive tone AZ7209 and ip3250 are presented here.

Wind tunnel and ground static investigation of a large scale model of a lift/cruise fan V/STOL aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

An investigation was conducted in a 40 foot by 80 foot wind tunnel to determine the aerodynamic/propulsion characteristics of a large scale powered model of a lift/cruise fan V/STOL aircraft. The model was equipped with three 36 inch diameter turbotip X376B fans powered by three T58 gas generators. The lift fan was located forward of the cockpit area and the two lift/cruise fans were located on top of the wing adjacent to the fuselage. The three fans with associated thrust vectoring systems were used to provide vertical, and short, takeoff and landing capability. For conventional cruise mode operation, only the lift/cruise fans were utilized. The data that were obtained include lift, drag, longitudinal and lateral-directional stability characteristics, and control effectiveness. Data were obtained up to speeds of 120 knots at one model height of 20 feet for the conventional aerodynamic lift configuration and at several thrust vector angles for the powered lift configuration.

Does Simultaneous Liposuction Adversely Affect the Outcome of Thread Lifts? A Preliminary Result.

PubMed

Lee, Yong Woo; Park, Tae Hwan

2018-04-11

Along with advances in thread lift techniques and materials, ancillary procedures such as fat grafting, liposuction, or filler injections have been performed simultaneously. Some surgeons think that these ancillary procedures might affect the aesthetic outcomes of thread lifting possibly due to inadvertent injury to threads or loosening of soft tissue via passing the cannula in the surgical plane of the thread lifts. The purpose of the current study is to determine the effect of such ancillary procedures on the outcome of thread lifts in the human and cadaveric setting. We used human abdominal tissue after abdominoplasty and cadaveric faces. In the abdominal tissue, liposuction parallel to the parallel axis was performed in one area for 5 min. We counted 30 passes when liposuction was performed in one direction. This was repeated as we changed the direction of passages. The plane of thread lifts (dermal vs subcutaneous) and angle between liposuction and thread lifts (parallel vs perpendicular) were differentiated in this abdominal tissue study group. Then, we performed parallel or perpendicular thread lifts using a small slit incision. Using a tensiometer, the maximum holding strength was measured when pulling the thread out of the skin as much as possible. We also used faces of cadavers to prove whether the finding in human abdominal tissue is really valid with corresponding techniques. Our pilot study using abdominal tissue showed that liposuction after thread lifts adversely affects it regardless of the vector of thread lifts. In the cadaveric study, however, liposuction prior to thread lifting does not significantly affect the holding strength of thread lifts. Liposuction or fat grafting in the appropriate layer would not be a hurdle to safely performing simultaneous thread lifts if the target lift tissue is intra-SMAS or just above the SMAS layer. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Development of a hybrid chemical/mechanical heat pump

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grzyll, Lawrence R.; Silvestri, John J.; Scaringe, Robert P.

1991-01-01

The authors present the current development status of a hybrid chemical/mechanical heat pump for low-lift applications. The heat pump provides electronics cooling by evaporating a pure refrigerant from an absorbent/refrigerant mixture in a generator/cold plate. The current development focused on evaluation of absorbent/refrigerant pairs, corrosion testing, pump and compressor design, and electronic cold plate design. Two cycle configurations were considered. The first configuration utilized a standard mechanical compressor and pump. The second cycle configuration investigated pumps and compressors with non-moving parts. An innovative generator/cold plate design is also presented. The development to date shows that this cycle has about the same performance as standard vapor compression heat pumps with standard refrigerants but may have some performance and reliability advantages over vapor compression heat pumps.

Wind-Stress Dust Lifting in a Mars Global Circulation Model: Representation across Resolutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chapman, R.; Lewis, S.; Balme, M. R.; Steele, L.

2017-12-01

The formation of Martian dust storms is believed to be driven by dust lifting by near-surface wind stress (NSWS). Accurately representing this dust lifting within Mars Global Circulation Models (MGCMs) is important in order to gain a full understanding of the Martian dust storm cycle. Parameterisations of dust lifting by NSWS exist within several MGCMs; implementations differ but they all follow a similar design, so progress within one model is relevant to the entire field. Few studies have explored in detail how the results of these parameterisations can be affected by changing the horizontal resolution of the model. An accurate parameterisation of dust lifting by NSWS will lift a representative dust mass, reproducing characteristic dust optical depths in the atmosphere. The geographical distribution of the dust lifting by NSWS will also change throughout the year, affecting patterns of dust storm formation and development. Currently, suitable values for dust lifting parameters must be identified at every new model resolution. Resolutions of 5° latitude x 5° longitude are often used to model the Martian climate, as thermal tides and long-term weather patterns can be well represented at this resolution. However, smaller scale phenomena (such as near-surface winds driven by local topography) cannot be accurately depicted at this resolution. We use the LMD-UK MGCM to complete multi-year simulations across multiple model resolutions. Our experiments range from `low' resolution 5° lat x 5° lon to `high' resolution 1° lat x 1° lon. In experiments with fixed, constant lifting parameters, we find that higher resolution simulations lift more dust, but that this trend is asymptotic. At low resolutions, dust lifting increases proportionately with the increase in number of horizontal gridboxes. However, at high resolutions, doubling the number of gridboxes results only in a 30% increase in the total dust mass lifted. Geographical and temporal distributions of dust lifting are investigated, as well as the total dust lifted, in order to assess the optimum parameters for each resolution, and to develop a calibration scheme for this dust lifting across model resolutions. The scheme is verified through comparison with spacecraft observations of dust optical depths and dust storm locations.

77 FR 38030 - Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Lifting Trade Restrictive Measures

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-26

... of Atlantic Tunas (Commission). The proposed rule would lift the trade restrictions on importing... Commission adopted Recommendation 11-19, which requires Parties to lift import prohibitions on Atlantic... measures. As a result, the Commission adopted Recommendation 11-19, which requires Parties to lift import...

Vertical Lift - Not Just For Terrestrial Flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, Larry A

2000-01-01

Autonomous vertical lift vehicles hold considerable potential for supporting planetary science and exploration missions. This paper discusses several technical aspects of vertical lift planetary aerial vehicles in general, and specifically addresses technical challenges and work to date examining notional vertical lift vehicles for Mars, Titan, and Venus exploration.

High-Lift Systems on Commercial Subsonic Airliners

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rudolph, Peter K. C.

1996-01-01

The early breed of slow commercial airliners did not require high-lift systems because their wing loadings were low and their speed ratios between cruise and low speed (takeoff and landing) were about 2:1. However, even in those days the benefit of high-lift devices was recognized. Simple trailing-edge flaps were in use, not so much to reduce landing speeds, but to provide better glide-slope control without sideslipping the airplane and to improve pilot vision over the nose by reducing attitude during low-speed flight. As commercial-airplane cruise speeds increased with the development of more powerful engines, wing loadings increased and a real need for high-lift devices emerged to keep takeoff and landing speeds within reasonable limits. The high-lift devices of that era were generally trailing-edge flaps. When jet engines matured sufficiently in military service and were introduced commercially, airplane speed capability had to be increased to best take advantage of jet engine characteristics. This speed increase was accomplished by introducing the wing sweep and by further increasing wing loading. Whereas increased wing loading called for higher lift coefficients at low speeds, wing sweep actually decreased wing lift at low speeds. Takeoff and landing speeds increased on early jet airplanes, and, as a consequence, runways worldwide had to be lengthened. There are economical limits to the length of runways; there are safety limits to takeoff and landing speeds; and there are speed limits for tires. So, in order to hold takeoff and landing speeds within reasonable limits, more powerful high-lift devices were required. Wing trailing-edge devices evolved from plain flaps to Fowler flaps with single, double, and even triple slots. Wing leading edges evolved from fixed leading edges to a simple Krueger flap, and from fixed, slotted leading edges to two- and three-position slats and variable-camber (VC) Krueger flaps. The complexity of high-lift systems probably peaked on the Boeing 747, which has a VC Krueger flap and triple-slotted, inboard and outboard trailing-edge flaps. Since then, the tendency in high-lift system development has been to achieve high levels of lift with simpler devices in order to reduce fleet acquisition and maintenance costs. The intent of this paper is to: (1) review available high-lift devices, their functions, and design criteria; (2) appraise high-lift systems presently in service on commercial air liners; (3) present personal study results on high-lift systems; (4) develop a weight and cost model for high-lift systems; and (5) discuss the development tendencies of future high-lift systems.

Can a new behaviorally oriented training process to improve lifting technique prevent occupationally related back injuries due to lifting?

PubMed

Lavender, Steven A; Lorenz, Eric P; Andersson, Gunnar B J

2007-02-15

A prospective randomized control trial. To determine the degree to which a new behavior-based lift training program (LiftTrainer; Ascension Technology, Burlington, VT) could reduce the incidence of low back disorder in distribution center jobs that require repetitive lifting. Most studies show programs aimed at training lifting techniques to be ineffective in preventing low back disorders, which may be due to their conceptual rather than behavioral learning approach. A total of 2144 employees in 19 distribution centers were randomized into either the LiftTrainer program or a video control group. In the LiftTrainer program, participants were individually trained in up to 5, 30-minute sessions while instrumented with motion capture sensors to quantify the L5/S1 moments. Twelve months following the initial training, injury data were obtained from company records. Survival analyses (Kaplan-Meier) indicated that there was no difference in injury rates between the 2 training groups. Likewise, there was no difference in the turnover rates. However, those with a low (<30 Nm) average twisting moment at the end of the first session experienced a significantly (P < 0.005) lower rate of low back disorder than controls. While overall the LiftTrainer program was not effective, those with twisting moments below 30 Nm reported fewer injuries, suggesting a shift in focus for "safe" lifting programs.

Flight-Determined Subsonic Lift and Drag Characteristics of Seven Lifting-Body and Wing-Body Reentry Vehicle Configurations With Truncated Bases

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Saltzman, Edwin J.; Wang, K. Charles; Iliff, Kenneth W.

1999-01-01

This paper examines flight-measured subsonic lift and drag characteristics of seven lifting-body and wing-body reentry vehicle configurations with truncated bases. The seven vehicles are the full-scale M2-F1, M2-F2, HL-10, X-24A, X-24B, and X-15 vehicles and the Space Shuttle prototype. Lift and drag data of the various vehicles are assembled under aerodynamic performance parameters and presented in several analytical and graphical formats. These formats unify the data and allow a greater understanding than studying the vehicles individually allows. Lift-curve slope data are studied with respect to aspect ratio and related to generic wind-tunnel model data and to theory for low-aspect-ratio planforms. The proper definition of reference area was critical for understanding and comparing the lift data. The drag components studied include minimum drag coefficient, lift-related drag, maximum lift-to-drag ratio, and, where available, base pressure coefficients. The effects of fineness ratio on forebody drag were also considered. The influence of forebody drag on afterbody (base) drag at low lift is shown to be related to Hoerner's compilation for body, airfoil, nacelle, and canopy drag. These analyses are intended to provide a useful analytical framework with which to compare and evaluate new vehicle configurations of the same generic family.

Evaluation of team lifting on work demands, workload and workers' evaluation: an observational field study.

PubMed

Visser, Steven; van der Molen, Henk F; Kuijer, P Paul F M; Hoozemans, Marco J M; Frings-Dresen, Monique H W

2014-11-01

The objective of this study was to assess differences in work demands, energetic workload and workers' discomfort and physical effort in two regularly observable workdays in ironwork; one where loads up to 50kg were handled with two persons manually (T50) and one where loads up to 100kg were handled manually with four persons (T100). Differences between these typical workdays were assessed with an observational within-subject field study of 10 ironworkers. No significant differences were found for work demands, energetic workload or discomfort between T50 and T100 workdays. During team lifts, load mass exceeded 25kg per person in 57% (T50 workday) and 68% (T100 workday) of the lifts. Seven ironworkers rated team lifting with two persons as less physically demanding compared with lifting with four persons. When loads heavier than 25kg are lifted manually with a team, regulations of the maximum mass weight are frequently violated. Loads heavier than 25kg are frequently lifted during concrete reinforcement work and should be lifted by a team of persons. However, the field study showed that loads above 25kg are most of the time not lifted with the appropriate number of workers. Therefore, loads heavier than 25kg should be lifted mechanically. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

Alternative Causes of Wide-Spread, Low Concentration Perchlorate Impacts to Groundwater

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-05-05

to as water gels, contain AN in aqueous solution. To aid water resistance and handling, they are thickened and gelled with a gum , such as guar gum ...enamels Curing/Drying Agent Photography Flash powder / oxidizing agent Oxygen generators Burn Rate Modifier Road flares Oxidizing agent...fuse, stars, black powder , a launch tube, main fuse and a lift charge, as shown in Figure 3-1. The break or breaks house the stars in cardboard

ADVANCED DESIGNS OF MAGNETIC JACK-TYPE CONTROL ROD DRIVE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Young, J.N.

1959-11-01

The magnetic jack is a device for positioning the control rods In a nuclear reactor, especially in a reactor containing water under pressure. Magnetic actuation precludes the need for shaft seals and eliminates the problems associated with mechanisms operating in water. It consists of a pressure shell, four sets of external stationary magnet coils (hold, grip, lift, pull down), and one Internal moving part (ammature) that impants linear motion to a cluster of rods. (W.L.H.)

Advanced aerodynamics. Selected NASA research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

This Conference Publication contains selected NASA papers that were presented at the Fifth Annual Status Review of the NASA Aircraft Energy Efficiency (ACEE) Energy Efficient Transport (EET) Program held at Dryden Flight Research Center in Edwards, California on September 14 to 15, 1981. These papers describe the status of several NASA in-house research activities in the areas of advanced turboprops, natural laminar flow, oscillating control surfaces, high-Reynolds-number airfoil tests, high-lift technology, and theoretical design techniques.

Extraction of model performance from wall data in a 2-dimensional transonic flexible walled test section

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goodyer, M. J.

1982-01-01

Data obtained from the boundary of a test section provides information on the model contained within it. A method for extracting some of this data in two dimensional testing is described. Examples of model data are included on lift, pitching moment and wake displacement thickness. A FORTRAN listing is also described, having a form suitable for incorporation into the software package used in the running of such a test section.

Design and Construction of Aquaculture Facilities in Dredged Material Containment Areas

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-07-01

detail. The following discussion of centrifugal and axial flow pumps is adapted from Wheaton (1977), Baker (1987), and Baker and Bankston (1988...at a right angle to the impeller shaft. Axial flow propeller pumps are also used, especially in high-volume low-lift situations. The propeller may look...horizontal centrifugal pump or the axial flow pump may be used. Both of these pumps provide large volumes of water under low head conditions. Many

[Lifting the curtain on improvisation as a method].

PubMed

Tortonèse, Michèle; Chalancon, Benoît; Gauthier, Benjamin; Magny, Florian

2014-01-01

On the care stage, all the actors are active. One comes to lay down their suffering, the other has a dutyto consider their pain. The caregiver must play a role in stage managing the patient from the moment he or she remains anchored in reality and in the present moment. Beyond listening to the delusional speech, beyond containment and the effort of establishing communication, the nursing care of delusional patients falls within the sphere of negotiation.

Lift Augmentation on a Delta Wing via Leading Edge Fences and the Gurney Flap

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buchholz, Mark D.; Tso, Jin

1993-01-01

Wind tunnel tests have been conducted on two devices for the purpose of lift augmentation on a 60 deg delta wing at low speed. Lift, drag, pitching moment, and surface pressures were measured. Detailed flow visualization was also obtained. Both the leading edge fence and the Gurney flap are shown to increase lift. The fences and flap shift the lift curve by as much as 5 deg and 10 deg, respectively. The fences aid in trapping vortices on the upper surface, thereby increasing suction. The Gurney flap improves circulation at the trailing edge. The individual influences of both devices are roughly additive, creating high lift gain. However, the lower lift to drag ratio and the precipitation of vortex burst caused by the fences, and the nose down pitching moment created by the flap are also significant factors.

Influence of Lift Offset on Rotorcraft Performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Wayne

2009-01-01

The influence of lift offset on the performance of several rotorcraft configurations is explored. A lift-offset rotor, or advancing blade concept, is a hingeless rotor that can attain good efficiency at high speed by operating with more lift on the advancing side than on the retreating side of the rotor disk. The calculated performance capability of modern-technology coaxial rotors utilizing a lift offset is examined, including rotor performance optimized for hover and high-speed cruise. The ideal induced power loss of coaxial rotors in hover and twin rotors in forward flight is presented. The aerodynamic modeling requirements for performance calculations are evaluated, including wake and drag models for the high-speed flight condition. The influence of configuration on the performance of rotorcraft with lift-offset rotors is explored, considering tandem and side-by-side rotorcraft as well as wing-rotor lift share.