Material isolation enclosure

DOEpatents

Martell, C.J.; Dahlby, J.W.; Gallimore, B.F.; Comer, B.E.; Stone, W.A.; Carlson, D.O.

1993-04-27

An enclosure is described, similar to a glove box, for isolating materials from the atmosphere, yet allowing a technician to manipulate the materials and also apparatus which is located inside the enclosure. A portion of a wall of the enclosure is comprised of at least one flexible curtain. An opening defined by a frame is provided for the technician to insert his hands and forearms into the enclosure. The frame is movable in one plane, so that the technician has access to substantially all of the working interior of the enclosure. As the frame is moved by the technician, while he accomplishes work inside the enclosure, the curtain moves such that the only opening through the enclosure wall is the frame. In a preferred embodiment, where a negative pressure is maintained inside the enclosure, the frame is comprised of airfoils so that turbulence is reduced, thereby enhancing material retention within the box.

The 3.5-meter telescope enclosure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brady, Michael H.

1994-04-01

The 3.5-m telescope enclosure is designed to perform two functions as part of the U.S. Air Force's 3.5-m telescope system: (1) to provide weather and temperature protection when the telescope is not in use and (2) to permit open-air operation of the telescope while minimizing atmospheric disturbances in the field of view (FOV). The use of a standard rotating dome is impractical because of the large telescope and its high rotational rate and acceleration. The enclosure is a 40-ft tall cylinder with a diameter of 72 ft. This steel and aluminum structure does not rotate but collapses vertically to fully expose the telescope to the open air and to provide it with an unobscured view of the horizon at all azimuthal angles. To lessen wind disturbances in the FOV, the enclosure has a moderately sloped roof and smooth, vertical walls. To minimize thermal flow, the outer surface has a high-reflectivity, low-emissivity coating and ambient air is forced through the double-skinned walls and roof. These measures make it possible to keep the enclosure surface temperature near that of the ambient air during viewing. With these features, the enclosure adds minimal degradation to the seeing.

MROI Array telescopes: the relocatable enclosure domes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marchiori, G.; Busatta, A.; Payne, I.

2016-07-01

The MROI - Magdalena Ridge Interferometer is a project which comprises an array of up to 10 1.4m diameter mirror telescopes arranged in a "Y" configuration. Each of these telescopes will be housed inside a Unit Telescope Enclosure (UTE) which are relocatable onto any of 28 stations. EIE GROUP Srl, Venice - Italy, was awarded the contract for the design, the construction and the erection on site of the MROI by the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology. The close-pack array of the MROI - including all 10 telescopes, several of which are at a relative distance of less than 8m center to center from each other - necessitated an original design for the Unit Telescope Enclosure (UTE). This innovative design enclosure incorporates a unique dome/observing aperture system to be able to operate in the harsh environmental conditions encountered at an altitude of 10,460ft (3,188m). The main characteristics of this Relocatable Enclosure Dome are: a Light insulated Steel Structure with a dome made of composites materials (e.g. glass/carbon fibers, sandwich panels etc.), an aperture motorized system for observation, a series of louvers for ventilation, a series of electrical and plants installations and relevant auxiliary equipment. The first Enclosure Dome is now under construction and the completion of the mounting on site id envisaged by the end of 2016. The relocation system utilizes a modified reachstacker (a transporter used to handle freight containers) capable of maneuvering between and around the enclosures, capable of lifting the combined weight of the enclosure with the telescope (30tons), with minimal impacts due to vibrations.

Determination of the Composition of the Atmospheres in the Enclosures Containing the Charters of Freedom

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tucker, George F.

2002-12-01

In the early 1950s, the United States Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and the Declaration of Independence, collectively known as the "Charters of Freedom," were encased in specially designed enclosures. As a protective measure the enclosures were filled with moist helium and sealed. Currently a project is underway to remove the Charters from these encasements and re-encase them in modem enclosures. Before these cases are opened, conservationists at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) wish to know if air has leaked into the cases and what the relative humidity is. In 1998 NARA contacted NASA to request assistance with this problem. By adapting the NASA Diode Laser Hygrometer (DLH), an airborne sensor based on the absorption of infrared radiation at 1.4 microns by water vapor, the cases containing the second and third pages of the Constitution were non-invasively analyzed in 1999. Approximate relative humidity values were obtained. In addition, because the width of the absorption line is dependent on the other gases present it was possible to determine that the seals had not leaked. During the summer of 2001, the remaining documents were removed from public display and were made available for analysis. To increase the sensitivity of the DLH to the presence of air, for the 2001 measurements a stronger water vapor absorption line was chosen, however this required locating a laser that operated at the wavelength of this stronger line. In this work a number of diode lasers were characterized and a suitable one was identified and installed in the DLH. A series of laboratory measurements of the chosen absorption line were performed to determine spectroscopic parameters including line strength, and helium broadening, air broadening, and self-broadening coefficients. The DLH was then reconfigured from its normal aircraft configuration to one more suitable for the Charters measurements. This involved installing it in a different housing, one specifically

Sound absorption of microperforated panels inside compact acoustic enclosures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Cheng; Cheng, Li

2016-01-01

This paper investigates the sound absorption effect of microperforated panels (MPPs) in small-scale enclosures, an effort stemming from the recent interests in using MPPs for noise control in compact mechanical systems. Two typical MPP backing cavity configurations (an empty backing cavity and a honeycomb backing structure) are studied. Although both configurations provide basically the same sound absorption curves from standard impedance tube measurements, their in situ sound absorption properties, when placed inside a small enclosure, are drastically different. This phenomenon is explained using a simple system model based on modal analyses. It is shown that the accurate prediction of the in situ sound absorption of the MPPs inside compact acoustic enclosures requires meticulous consideration of the configuration of the backing cavity and its coupling with the enclosure in front. The MPP structure should be treated as part of the entire system, rather than an absorption boundary characterized by the surface impedance, calculated or measured in simple acoustic environment. Considering the spatial matching between the acoustic fields across the MPP, the possibility of attenuating particular enclosure resonances by partially covering the enclosure wall with a properly designed MPP structure is also demonstrated.

40 CFR 63.544 - What are my total enclosure standards?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... where lead bearing material is stored in closed containers or enclosed mechanical conveyors, and areas... area within the building. (d) You must inspect enclosures and facility structures that contain any lead...

9 CFR 3.28 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... for guinea pigs and hamsters shall conform to the following requirements: (a) General. (1) Primary enclosures shall be structurally sound and maintained in good repair to protect the guinea pigs and hamsters... be constructed and maintained so that the guinea pigs or hamsters contained therein have convenient...

Sound reduction by metamaterial-based acoustic enclosure

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yao, Shanshan; Li, Pei; Zhou, Xiaoming

In many practical systems, acoustic radiation control on noise sources contained within a finite volume by an acoustic enclosure is of great importance, but difficult to be accomplished at low frequencies due to the enhanced acoustic-structure interaction. In this work, we propose to use acoustic metamaterials as the enclosure to efficiently reduce sound radiation at their negative-mass frequencies. Based on a circularly-shaped metamaterial model, sound radiation properties by either central or eccentric sources are analyzed by numerical simulations for structured metamaterials. The parametric analyses demonstrate that the barrier thickness, the cavity size, the source type, and the eccentricity of themore » source have a profound effect on the sound reduction. It is found that increasing the thickness of the metamaterial barrier is an efficient approach to achieve large sound reduction over the negative-mass frequencies. These results are helpful in designing highly efficient acoustic enclosures for blockage of sound in low frequencies.« less

VIRUS instrument enclosures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prochaska, T.; Allen, R.; Mondrik, N.; Rheault, J. P.; Sauseda, M.; Boster, E.; James, M.; Rodriguez-Patino, M.; Torres, G.; Ham, J.; Cook, E.; Baker, D.; DePoy, Darren L.; Marshall, Jennifer L.; Hill, G. J.; Perry, D.; Savage, R. D.; Good, J. M.; Vattiat, Brian L.

2014-08-01

The Visible Integral-Field Replicable Unit Spectrograph (VIRUS) instrument will be installed at the Hobby-Eberly Telescope† in the near future. The instrument will be housed in two enclosures that are mounted adjacent to the telescope, via the VIRUS Support Structure (VSS). We have designed the enclosures to support and protect the instrument, to enable servicing of the instrument, and to cool the instrument appropriately while not adversely affecting the dome environment. The system uses simple HVAC air handling techniques in conjunction with thermoelectric and standard glycol heat exchangers to provide efficient heat removal. The enclosures also provide power and data transfer to and from each VIRUS unit, liquid nitrogen cooling to the detectors, and environmental monitoring of the instrument and dome environments. In this paper, we describe the design and fabrication of the VIRUS enclosures and their subsystems.

Sealed head access area enclosure

DOEpatents

Golden, Martin P.; Govi, Aldo R.

1978-01-01

A liquid-metal-cooled fast breeder power reactor is provided with a sealed head access area enclosure disposed above the reactor vessel head consisting of a plurality of prefabricated structural panels including a center panel removably sealed into position with inflatable seals, and outer panels sealed into position with semipermanent sealant joints. The sealant joints are located in the joint between the edge of the panels and the reactor containment structure and include from bottom to top an inverted U-shaped strip, a lower layer of a room temperature vulcanizing material, a separator strip defining a test space therewithin, and an upper layer of a room temperature vulcanizing material. The test space is tapped by a normally plugged passage extending to the top of the enclosure for testing the seal or introducing a buffer gas thereinto.

Rigorous high-precision enclosures of fixed points and their invariant manifolds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wittig, Alexander N.

Johannes Grote is extended to compute very accurate polynomial approximations to invariant manifolds of discrete maps of arbitrary dimension around hyperbolic fixed points. The algorithm presented allows for automatic removal of resonances occurring during construction. A method for the rigorous enclosure of invariant manifolds of continuous systems is introduced. Using methods developed for discrete maps, polynomial approximations of invariant manifolds of hyperbolic fixed points of ODEs are obtained. These approximations are outfit with a sharp error bound which is verified to rigorously contain the manifolds. While we focus on the three dimensional case, verification in higher dimensions is possible using similar techniques. Integrating the resulting enclosures using the verified COSY VI integrator, the initial manifold enclosures are expanded to yield sharp enclosures of large parts of the stable and unstable manifolds. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this method, we construct enclosures of the invariant manifolds of the Lorenz system and show pictures of the resulting manifold enclosures. To the best of our knowledge, these enclosures are the largest verified enclosures of manifolds in the Lorenz system in existence.

Selective control of toxic Microcystis water blooms using lysine and malonic acid: an enclosure experiment.

PubMed

Kaya, Kunimitsu; Liu, Yong-Ding; Shen, Yin-Wu; Xiao, Bang-Ding; Sano, Tomoharu

2005-04-01

Three enclosures (10 x 10 x 1.5-1.3 m in depth) were set beside Dianch Lake, Kunming, People's Republic of China, for the period from July 28 to August 26, 2002. The enclosures were filled with cyanobacterial (Microcystis aeruginosa) water bloom-containing lake water. Lake sediment that contained macrophytes and water chestnut seeds was spread over the entire bottom of each enclosure. Initially, 10 g/m(2) of lysine was sprayed in Enclosure B, and 10 g/m(2) each of lysine and malonic acid were sprayed together in Enclosure C. Enclosure A remained untreated and was used as a control. The concentrations of lysine, malonic acid, chlorophyll a, and microcystin as well as the cell numbers of phytoplankton such as cyanobacteria, diatom, and euglena were monitored. On day 1 of the treatment, formation of cyanobacterial blooms almost ceased in Enclosures B and C, although Microcystis cells in the control still formed blooms. On day 7 Microcystis cells in Enclosure B that had been treated with lysine started growing again, whereas growth was not observed in Microcystis cells in Enclosure C, which had been treated with lysine and malonic acid. On day 28 the surface of Enclosure B was covered with water chestnut (Trapa spp.) and the Microcystis blooms again increased. In contrast, growth of macrophytes (Myriophllum spicatum and Potamogeton crispus) was observed in Enclosure C; however, no cyanobacterial blooms were observed. Lysine and malonic acid had completely decomposed. The microcystin concentration on day 28 decreased to 25% of the initial value, and the pH shifted from the initial value of 9.2 to 7.8. We concluded that combined treatment with lysine and malonic acid selectively controlled toxic Microcystis water blooms and induced the growth of macrophytes.

MSFC (TES) Thermal Enclosure System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

The Thermal Enclosure System (TES) provides thermal control for protein crystal growth experiments. The TES, housed in two middeck lockers on board the Space Shuttle, contains four Vapor Diffusion Apparatus (VDA) trays. Each can act as either a refrigerator or an incubator and its temperature can be controlled to within one-tenth degree C. The first flight of the TES was during USMP-2 (STS-62).

The Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse Coupling Effect Inside the Shielding Enclosure With Penetrating Wire

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiao, Xue; Yang, Bo

2017-10-01

To study the lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) coupling and protection problems of shielding enclosure with penetrating wire, we adopt the model with proper size which is close to the practical engineering and the two-step finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used for calculation in this paper. It is shown that the coupling voltage on the circuit lead inside the enclosure increases about 34 dB, when add 1.0 m long penetrating wire at the aperture, comparing with the case without penetrating wire. Meanwhile, the waveform, has the same wave outline as the lightning current source, shows that the penetrating wire brings a large number of low frequency component into the enclosure. The coupling effect in the enclosure will reduce greatly when penetrating wire has electrical connection with the enclosure at the aperture and the coupling voltage increase only about 12 dB than the case without penetrating wire. Moreover, the results show that though the waveguide pipe can reduce the coupling effect brought by the penetrating wire, the exposing part of penetrating wire can increase the coupling when the penetrating wire outside the enclosure is longer than the waveguide pipe and the longer the exposing part is, the stronger the coupling is.

Self contained, independent, in-vacuum spinner motor

DOEpatents

Ayers, Marion J.

2002-01-01

An independent, self contained apparatus for operation within a vacuum chamber. A sealed enclosure is located in the chamber. The enclosure contains its own atmosphere independent of the vacuum in the chamber. A motor, power unit, and controls are located entirely within the enclosure. They do not have a direct structural connection outside of the enclosure in any way that would effect the atmosphere within the enclosure. The motor, power unit, and controls drive a spinner plate located outside the enclosure but within the vacuum chamber.

A new neolithic circular enclosure in Central Germany

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kretzer, Olaf

2015-08-01

Today we know about 130 neolithic enclosures in Central Europe. About 20 of them are located in Germany. In the last years, there was a great discussion about the function of the openings: Are the openings aligned with points of the solstices? Or are the openings aligned with points of rising stars?Four years ago, a new neolithic circular enclosure was found in the northern part of Thuringia. With a diameter of about 50 meters it was not so large but it was the first evidence of a neolithic culture in Thuringia: the central part of Germany!7000 years ago, people with unknown identity built up three rings with three or four openings.With the help of various measurements we were able to determine in which directions the openings were aligned. We found a link between these directions and very interesting landmarks - an amazing connection between sky and landscape.

46 CFR 111.50-7 - Enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Enclosures. 111.50-7 Section 111.50-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Overcurrent Protection § 111.50-7 Enclosures. (a) Each enclosure of an overcurrent protective...

46 CFR 111.40-5 - Enclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Enclosure. 111.40-5 Section 111.40-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Panelboards § 111.40-5 Enclosure. Each panelboard must have a noncombustible enclosure that meets...

46 CFR 111.40-5 - Enclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Enclosure. 111.40-5 Section 111.40-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Panelboards § 111.40-5 Enclosure. Each panelboard must have a noncombustible enclosure that meets...

46 CFR 111.50-7 - Enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Enclosures. 111.50-7 Section 111.50-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Overcurrent Protection § 111.50-7 Enclosures. (a) Each enclosure of an overcurrent protective...

46 CFR 111.40-5 - Enclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Enclosure. 111.40-5 Section 111.40-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Panelboards § 111.40-5 Enclosure. Each panelboard must have a noncombustible enclosure that meets...

46 CFR 111.40-5 - Enclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Enclosure. 111.40-5 Section 111.40-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Panelboards § 111.40-5 Enclosure. Each panelboard must have a noncombustible enclosure that meets...

46 CFR 111.50-7 - Enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Enclosures. 111.50-7 Section 111.50-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Overcurrent Protection § 111.50-7 Enclosures. (a) Each enclosure of an overcurrent protective...

46 CFR 111.40-5 - Enclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Enclosure. 111.40-5 Section 111.40-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Panelboards § 111.40-5 Enclosure. Each panelboard must have a noncombustible enclosure that meets...

46 CFR 111.50-7 - Enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Enclosures. 111.50-7 Section 111.50-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Overcurrent Protection § 111.50-7 Enclosures. (a) Each enclosure of an overcurrent protective...

9 CFR 3.28 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Pigs and Hamsters Facilities and Operating Standards § 3.28 Primary enclosures. All primary enclosures for guinea pigs and hamsters shall conform to the following requirements: (a) General. (1) Primary enclosures shall be structurally sound and maintained in good repair to protect the guinea pigs and hamsters...

9 CFR 3.28 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Pigs and Hamsters Facilities and Operating Standards § 3.28 Primary enclosures. All primary enclosures for guinea pigs and hamsters shall conform to the following requirements: (a) General. (1) Primary enclosures shall be structurally sound and maintained in good repair to protect the guinea pigs and hamsters...

Oxygen ingress study of 3D printed gaseous radiation detector enclosures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Steer, Christopher A.; Durose, Aaron

2015-07-01

As part of our ongoing studies into the potential application of 3D printing techniques to gaseous radiation detectors, we have studied the ability of 3D printed enclosures to resist environmental oxygen ingress. A set of cuboid and hexagonal prism shaped enclosures with wall thicknesses of 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm and 10 mm were designed and printed in nylon using a EOSINT P 730 Selective Laser Sintering 3D printer system These test enclosures provide a comparison of different environmental gas ingress for different 3D printing techniques. The rate of change of oxygen concentration was found to be linear, decreasingmore » as the wall thickness increases. It was also found that the hexagonal prism geometry produced a lower rate of change of oxygen concentration compared with the cuboid shaped enclosures. Possible reasons as to why these results were obtained are discussed The implications for the this study for deployable systems are also discussed (authors)« less

50 CFR 14.121 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Wild Mammals and Birds to the United States Specifications for Nonhuman Primates § 14.121 Primary enclosures. (a) No more than one primate shall be transported in a primary enclosure. However, a mother and... animals that have been habitually housed together may be shipped in the same primary enclosure. Primates...

50 CFR 14.121 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Wild Mammals and Birds to the United States Specifications for Nonhuman Primates § 14.121 Primary enclosures. (a) No more than one primate shall be transported in a primary enclosure. However, a mother and... animals that have been habitually housed together may be shipped in the same primary enclosure. Primates...

Brief flight to a familiar enclosure in response to a conditional stimulus in rats.

PubMed

de Oca, Beatrice M; Minor, Thomas R; Fanselow, Michael S

2007-04-01

The authors observed brief, directed movement to a familiar enclosure in rats to determine whether this behavior is part of a rat's defensive repertoire when exposed to a conditional-fear stimulus. In Experiment 1, upon exposure to the compound conditional-fear stimulus of tone and light, only rats that received paired presentations of the conditional stimuli and shock fled into a small, familiar enclosure where they then froze. Rats that had received unpaired presentations did not enter the enclosure in significant amounts when later tested. In Experiment 2, the authors observed rats' freezing and use of either a familiar or an unfamiliar enclosure when tested with a conditional-fear stimulus. Rats tested with a familiar enclosure entered it more quickly than did rats without prior exposure to the enclosure. Freezing was greatest when both training and testing environments were similar with respect to access to the enclosure. The results of these 2 experiments support the idea that brief, directed flight in rats is a component of the postencounter stage of predatory imminence (M. S. Fanselow & L. S. Lester, 1988) and is compatible with freezing.

Explosion containment device

DOEpatents

Benedick, William B.; Daniel, Charles J.

1977-01-01

The disclosure relates to an explosives storage container for absorbing and containing the blast, fragments and detonation products from a possible detonation of a contained explosive. The container comprises a layer of distended material having sufficient thickness to convert a portion of the kinetic energy of the explosion into thermal energy therein. A continuous wall of steel sufficiently thick to absorb most of the remaining kinetic energy by stretching and expanding, thereby reducing the momentum of detonation products and high velocity fragments, surrounds the layer of distended material. A crushable layer surrounds the continuous steel wall and accommodates the stretching and expanding thereof, transmitting a moderate load to the outer enclosure. These layers reduce the forces of the explosion and the momentum of the products thereof to zero. The outer enclosure comprises a continuous pressure wall enclosing all of the layers. In one embodiment, detonation of the contained explosive causes the outer enclosure to expand which indicates to a visual observer that a detonation has occurred.

Tissue stimulator enclosure welding fixture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcclure, S. R.

1977-01-01

It was demonstrated that the thickness of the stimulator titanium enclosure is directly related to the battery recharge time cycle. Reduction of the titanium enclosure thickness from approximately 0.37 mm (0.015 inch) to 0.05 mm (0.002 inch) significantly reduced the recharge time cycle and thereby patient inconvenience. However, fabrication of titanium enclosures from the thinner material introduced problems in forming, holding, and welding that required improvement in state of the art shop practices. The procedures that were utilized to resolve these fabrication problems are described.

30 CFR 57.12068 - Locking transformer enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Locking transformer enclosures. 57.12068 Section 57.12068 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... Electricity Surface Only § 57.12068 Locking transformer enclosures. Transformer enclosures shall be kept...

30 CFR 57.12068 - Locking transformer enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Locking transformer enclosures. 57.12068 Section 57.12068 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... Electricity Surface Only § 57.12068 Locking transformer enclosures. Transformer enclosures shall be kept...

30 CFR 57.12068 - Locking transformer enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Locking transformer enclosures. 57.12068 Section 57.12068 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... Electricity Surface Only § 57.12068 Locking transformer enclosures. Transformer enclosures shall be kept...

30 CFR 57.12068 - Locking transformer enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Locking transformer enclosures. 57.12068 Section 57.12068 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... Electricity Surface Only § 57.12068 Locking transformer enclosures. Transformer enclosures shall be kept...

30 CFR 56.12068 - Locking transformer enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Locking transformer enclosures. 56.12068 Section 56.12068 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... § 56.12068 Locking transformer enclosures. Transformer enclosures shall be kept locked against...

30 CFR 56.12068 - Locking transformer enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Locking transformer enclosures. 56.12068 Section 56.12068 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... § 56.12068 Locking transformer enclosures. Transformer enclosures shall be kept locked against...

30 CFR 56.12068 - Locking transformer enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Locking transformer enclosures. 56.12068 Section 56.12068 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... § 56.12068 Locking transformer enclosures. Transformer enclosures shall be kept locked against...

30 CFR 56.12068 - Locking transformer enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Locking transformer enclosures. 56.12068 Section 56.12068 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... § 56.12068 Locking transformer enclosures. Transformer enclosures shall be kept locked against...

30 CFR 56.12068 - Locking transformer enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Locking transformer enclosures. 56.12068 Section 56.12068 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... § 56.12068 Locking transformer enclosures. Transformer enclosures shall be kept locked against...

30 CFR 57.12068 - Locking transformer enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Locking transformer enclosures. 57.12068 Section 57.12068 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... Electricity Surface Only § 57.12068 Locking transformer enclosures. Transformer enclosures shall be kept...

Full Speed Ahead for Eso's Very Large Telescope First Enclosure on its way to PARANAL!

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1994-09-01

During the past months, vast progress has been made in the construction of ESO's 16-metre equivalent Very Large Telescope (VLT). This major scientific and technological project aims at installing the world's largest optical telescope in the form of four interconnected telescopes with 8.2-metre mirrors on the Paranal mountain in the Chilean Atacama desert. It continues to be on schedule as it heads towards its completion, just after the year 2000. An important milestone will be reached in early October 1994 when the first large shipment containing heavy steel parts of the enclosure for VLT Unit Telescope no. 1 leaves the Italian port of Genova [1]. Meanwhile the construction work on the Paranal site is also progressing very well. It is now expected that, as planned, the first enclosure will be ready in May 1995 to receive the first 8.2-metre telescope. This Press Release is accompanied by four colour pictures that illustrate some of the most recent developments. CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS IN EUROPE Considerable progress has been made by ESO's industrial partners in Europe, and the VLT Project has now entered into a new and dynamic phase of construction. The first 8.2-metre mirror is currently in the middle of a two-year polishing process at the REOSC company near Paris, and the first interferometric tests have shown that this very delicate operation is progressing well. The enormous mirror surface, with a total area of more than 50 m^2, is slowly but steadily approaching the desired shape which must be achieved within a few hundred-thousandths of one millimetre over the entire surface. Mirror blank no. 2 is now ready at the Schott factory in Mainz (Germany) and will be delivered by barge transport to REOSC in October 1994. Blank no. 3 has successfully completed the critical ceramization phase and blank no. 4 will soon receive the same treatment. The circular steel track, 18 metres in diameter, that will support Telescope no. 1 has now been successfully machined at the

Enclosure for small animals during awake animal imaging

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goddard, Jr., James S

An enclosure or burrow restrains an awake animal during an imaging procedure. A tubular body, made from a radiolucent material that does not attenuate x-rays or gamma rays, accepts an awake animal. A proximal end of the body includes an attachment surface that corresponds to an attachment surface of an optically transparent and optically uniform window. An anti-reflective coating may be applied to an inner surface, an outer surface, or both surfaces of the window. Since the window is a separate element of the enclosure and it is not integrally formed as part of the body, it can be mademore » with optically uniform thickness properties for improved motion tracking of markers on the animal with a camera during the imaging procedure. The motion tracking information is then used to compensate for animal movement in the image.« less

Methods and apparatus for measuring the tightness of enclosures

DOEpatents

Modera, Mark P.; Sherman, Max H.

1987-01-13

Disclosed are methods and apparatus for measuring tightness of an enclosure such as a building by utilizing alternating pressurization techniques. One method comprises providing apparatus capable of causing an internal volume change for the enclosure, the apparatus including a means for determining the instantaneous volume change, and a means for determining the instantaneous pressure within the enclosure. The apparatus is operated within the enclosure to change the volume thereof, and at least one of the frequency and the displacement is adjusted to achieve a root mean square pressure in the enclosure approximately equal to a reference pressure. At that pressure, the leakage of the enclosure is determined from the instantaneous displacement and instantaneous pressure values.

Methods and apparatus for measuring the tightness of enclosures

DOEpatents

Modera, M.P.; Sherman, M.H.

1987-01-13

Disclosed are methods and apparatus for measuring tightness of an enclosure such as a building by utilizing alternating pressurization techniques. One method comprises providing apparatus capable of causing an internal volume change for the enclosure, the apparatus including a means for determining the instantaneous volume change, and a means for determining the instantaneous pressure within the enclosure. The apparatus is operated within the enclosure to change the volume thereof, and at least one of the frequency and the displacement is adjusted to achieve a root mean square pressure in the enclosure approximately equal to a reference pressure. At that pressure, the leakage of the enclosure is determined from the instantaneous displacement and instantaneous pressure values. 3 figs.

Design and construction of the Discovery Channel Telescope enclosure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marshall, Heather K.; Teran, Jose U.; Bond, Kevin

2010-07-01

The Discovery Channel Telescope (DCT) is a project of Lowell Observatory, undertaken with support from Discovery Communications, Inc., to design and construct a 4-meter class telescope and support facility on a site approximately 40 miles southeast of Flagstaff, Arizona. The Discovery Channel Telescope Enclosure was completed in November, 2009. The DCT Enclosure is an octagonal steel structure with insulated composite panel skin. The structure rotates on sixteen compliant bogie assemblies attached to the stationary facility. The shutter is composed of two independently actuated, bi-parting structures that provide a viewing aperture. To improve seeing, the skin is covered with adhesive aluminum foil tape and the enclosed observing area is passively ventilated via rollup doors. The observing area can also be actively ventilated using a downdraft fan, and there are provisions for upgrades to active air conditioning. The enclosure also includes operational equipment such as a bridge crane, personnel lift, and access platforms. This paper discusses some of the design trades as well as the construction challenges and lessons learned by the DCT Project, its designer M3 Engineering and Technology Corporation (M3), and its general contractor, Building and Engineering Contractors, Southwest (BEC Southwest).

Resource loading system and method for use in atmosphere-containment scenarios

DOEpatents

Dilday, Jr., Daniel R.; Reyes, Roberto; Weidmeyer, Stanley

2017-09-12

The invention provides a system for preventing fluid exchange between the interior and exterior of containment enclosures such as process-, hazard-, and research-enclosure systems generally, gloveboxes, containment systems, isolation systems, confinement systems, cleanrooms, negative air systems, and positive air system areas while simultaneously providing material transfer into and out of the enclosures. The invention also provides a method for transporting material into or out of a containment structure.

Effects of a new molt-inducing insecticide, tebufenozide, on zooplankton communities in lake enclosures.

PubMed

Kreutzweiser, D P; Thomas, D R

1995-10-01

: A potent ecdysone agonist, tebufenozide, has recently been developed as a molt-inducing insecticide to control defoliating lepidopterans. As part of continuing research efforts to assess the effectiveness and environmental safety of this material for insect pest management in Canadian forests, tebufenozide (RH-5992-2F) was applied to large lake enclosures and the effects on zooplankton communities were evaluated. There were significant treatment effects at all test concentrations (0.07-0.66 mg L(-1) tebufenozide). Concentration-dependent reductions in the abundance of cladocerans indicated that there were direct toxic effects of tebufenozide on this group of macrozooplankton. There were no indications of direct toxic effects on copepods. Significant increases in abundance of rotifers in treated enclosures at the three higher test concentrations were coincident with reductions in cladocerans and indicated secondary effects of the insecticide on the abundance of microzooplankton. There were no significant differences among treated and control enclosures in chlorophyll a concentrations, indicating that tebufenozide did not have direct effects on phytoplankton biomass, nor did the alterations in the zooplankton communities of treated enclosures have measurable secondary effects on phytoplankton biomass. Daytime dissolved oxygen concentrations were significantly higher in treated enclosures than in controls, indicating that the perturbation to biotic communities of some treated enclosures was sufficient to induce measurable changes in system-level functional attributes. Recovery of zooplankton communities in the enclosures occurred within 1-2 months at 0.07 and 0.13 mg l(-1) and by the following summer (12-13 months) at 0.33 and 0.66 mg l(-1).

46 CFR 108.455 - Enclosure openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Enclosure openings. 108.455 Section 108.455 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems Fixed Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.455 Enclosure...

46 CFR 108.455 - Enclosure openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Enclosure openings. 108.455 Section 108.455 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems Fixed Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.455 Enclosure...

The 3.5-Meter Telescope Enclosure

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-04-01

and acoustic vibrations, and the enclosure cannot be stopped quickly in an emergency. Also, the work of Zago indicates that open-air operation of the...enclosure. This capability is useful during operational testing and maintenance of the telescope. ’ Zago , L., "Design and Performance of Large

27. LAUNCH CONTROL CAPSULE. ACOUSTICAL ENCLOSURE. COMMUNICATIONS CONSOLE AT LEFT; ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

27. LAUNCH CONTROL CAPSULE. ACOUSTICAL ENCLOSURE. COMMUNICATIONS CONSOLE AT LEFT; LAUNCH CONTROL CONSOLE AT RIGHT. PADLOCKED PANEL AT TOP CENTER CONTAINS MISSILE LAUNCH KEYS. SHOCK ISOLATOR AT FAR LEFT. VIEW TO EAST. - Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1, 1.5 miles North of New Raymer & State Highway 14, New Raymer, Weld County, CO

9 CFR 3.28 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... constructed of smooth material substantially impervious to liquids and moisture. (2) Primary enclosures shall... shall be so constructed as to allow feces to pass through the spaces of the mesh or wire: Provided...) Space requirements for primary enclosures acquired before August 15, 1990—(1) Guinea pigs and hamsters...

9 CFR 3.28 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... constructed of smooth material substantially impervious to liquids and moisture. (2) Primary enclosures shall... shall be so constructed as to allow feces to pass through the spaces of the mesh or wire: Provided...) Space requirements for primary enclosures acquired before August 15, 1990—(1) Guinea pigs and hamsters...

50 CFR 14.131 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... same primary enclosure with an adult marine mammal other than its mother. Socially dependent animals (e... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Primary enclosures. 14.131 Section 14.131 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TAKING...

50 CFR 14.131 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... same primary enclosure with an adult marine mammal other than its mother. Socially dependent animals (e... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Primary enclosures. 14.131 Section 14.131 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TAKING...

Thermal enclosure system functional simulation user's manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morris, A. Terry

1994-01-01

A form and function simulation of the thermal enclosure system (TES) for a microgravity protein crystal growth experiment has been developed as part of an investigation of the benefits and limitations of intravehicular telerobotics to aid in microgravity science and production. A user can specify the time, temperature, and sample rate profile for a given experiment, and menu options and status are presented on an LCD display. This report describes the features and operational procedures for the functional simulation.

9 CFR 3.6 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Dogs and Cats 1 Facilities and Operating Standards § 3.6 Primary enclosures. Primary enclosures for dogs and... they: (i) Have no sharp points or edges that could injure the dogs and cats; (ii) Protect the dogs and...

9 CFR 3.6 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Dogs and Cats 1 Facilities and Operating Standards § 3.6 Primary enclosures. Primary enclosures for dogs and... they: (i) Have no sharp points or edges that could injure the dogs and cats; (ii) Protect the dogs and...

50 CFR 14.172 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Wild Mammals and Birds to the United States Specifications for Birds § 14.172 Primary enclosures. (a) A primary enclosure for birds shall have ventilation openings on two vertical sides that comprise at least... creating a draft. (b) Perches shall be provided for birds that rest by perching. The diameter of the perch...

Modular, security enclosure and method of assembly

DOEpatents

Linker, Kevin L.; Moyer, John W.

1995-01-01

A transportable, reusable rapidly assembled and disassembled, resizable modular, security enclosure utilizes a stepped panel construction. Each panel has an inner portion and an outer portion which form joints. A plurality of channels can be affixed to selected joints of the panels. Panels can be affixed to a base member and then affixed to one another by the use of elongated pins extending through the channel joints. Alternatively, the base member can be omitted and the panels themselves can be used as the floor of the enclosure. The pins will extend generally parallel to the joint in which they are located. These elongated pins are readily inserted into and removable from the channels in a predetermined sequence to allow assembly and disassembly of the enclosure. A door constructed from panels is used to close the opening to the enclosure.

40 CFR 86.1217-96 - Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... Obtain another small cylinder that has been charged with pure methanol if the system will be used for... Petroleum Gas-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles § 86.1217-96 Evaporative emission enclosure... determination of enclosure background emissions (hydrocarbons and methanol); initial determination of enclosure...

40 CFR 86.1217-96 - Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... Obtain another small cylinder that has been charged with pure methanol if the system will be used for... Petroleum Gas-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles § 86.1217-96 Evaporative emission enclosure... determination of enclosure background emissions (hydrocarbons and methanol); initial determination of enclosure...

Effects of stream enclosures on drifting invertebrates and fish growth

USGS Publications Warehouse

Zimmerman, J.K.H.; Vondracek, B.

2006-01-01

Stream ecologists often use enclosure experiments to investigate predator-prey interactions and competition within and among fish species. The design of enclosures, manipulation of species densities, and method of replication may influence experimental results. We designed an experiment with enclosure cages (1 m2, 6-mm mesh) to examine the relative influence of fish size, density, and prey availability on growth of brown trout (Salmo trutta), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) within enclosures in Valley Creek, Minnesota. In addition, we examined water flow and invertebrate drift entering enclosures and in open riffles to investigate whether enclosures reduced the supply of invertebrate prey. Growth of small (age-0) brook and brown trout was not influenced by fish density, but growth of larger (age-1) trout generally decreased as density increased. Sculpin growth was not related to fish size or density, but increased with mean size of invertebrates in the drift. Enclosures reduced water flow and tended to reduce invertebrate drift rate, although total drift rate (ind./min), total drift density (ind./m3), and mean size of invertebrates were not significantly different inside enclosures compared to adjacent stream riffles. Enclosures had no effect on drift rate or size of Gammarus pseudolimnaeus, the main prey item for trout and sculpin in Valley Creek. Overall, our analyses indicated that reductions of prey availability by enclosures did not influence fish growth. Trout growth may have been limited at larger sizes and densities because of increased activity costs of establishing and defending territories, whereas sculpin growth was related to availability of large prey, a factor not influenced by enclosures. ?? 2006 by The North American Benthological Society.

Track plate enclosures: Box designs affecting attractiveness to riparian mammals

USGS Publications Warehouse

Loukmas, J.J.; Mayack, D.T.; Richmond, M.E.

2003-01-01

We examined the efficacy of four track plate enclosure designs for monitoring the abundance of small and medium-sized mammals along 10 streams in New York State. Box size and clarity of view through the box were evaluated as factors affecting visitation. We checked track plate stations weekly from September 1999 to March 2000. Eleven mammalian species or species groups visited the track plate stations. Raccoons (Procyon lotor) (P = 0.020) and feral cats (Felis catus) (P = 0.008) visited large enclosures significantly more than small enclosures. Feral cats visited clear-view enclosures significantly more than obstructed-view enclosures (P = 0.025). Enclosure size and view did not significantly affect visitation by other species; however, a large box with a clear view was the most effective design.

PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING PERMANENT TOTAL ENCLOSURE COSTS

EPA Science Inventory

The paper discusses a procedure for estimating permanent total enclosure (PTE) costs. (NOTE: Industries that use add-on control devices must adequately capture emissions before delivering them to the control device. One way to capture emissions is to use PTEs, enclosures that mee...

Calculated wind noise for an infrasonic wind noise enclosure.

PubMed

Abbott, JohnPaul; Raspet, Richard

2015-07-01

A simple calculation of the wind noise measured at the center of a large porous wind fence enclosure is developed. The calculation provides a good model of the measured wind noise, with a good agreement within ±5 dB, and is derived by combining the wind noise contributions from (a) the turbulence-turbulence and turbulence-shear interactions inside the enclosure, (b) the turbulence interactions on the surface of the enclosure, and (c) the turbulence-shear interactions outside of the enclosure. Each wind noise contribution is calculated from the appropriate measured turbulence spectra, velocity profiles, correlation lengths, and the mean velocity at the center, surface, and outside of the enclosure. The model is verified by comparisons of the measured wind noise to the calculated estimates of the differing noise contributions and their sum.

Electroless shielding of plastic electronic enclosures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thompson, D.

1985-12-01

The containment or exclusion of radio frequency interference (RFI) via metallized plastic enclosures and the electroless plating as a solution are examined. The electroless coating and process, shielding principles and test data, shielding design requirements, and shielding advantages and limitations are reviewed. It is found that electroless shielding provides high shielding effectiveness to plastic substrates. After application of a conductive metallic coating by electroless plating, various plastics have passed the ASTM adhesion test after thermal cycle and severe environmental testing. Electroless shielding provides a lightweight, totally metallized housing to EMI/RFI shielding. Various compositions of electroless deposits are found to optimize electroless shielding cost/benefit ratio.

30 CFR 57.12025 - Grounding circuit enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12025 Grounding circuit enclosures. All metal enclosing or encasing electrical circuits shall be grounded or provided with equivalent protection. This requirement does not apply... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Grounding circuit enclosures. 57.12025 Section...

Husbandry and enclosure influences on penguin behavior and conservation breeding.

PubMed

Marshall, Andrew R; Deere, Nicolas J; Little, Holly A; Snipp, Ross; Goulder, Jackie; Mayer-Clarke, Stacey

2016-09-01

Multi-zoo comparisons of animal welfare are rare, and yet vital for ensuring continued improvement of zoo enclosures and husbandry. Methods are not standardized for the development of zoo enclosures based on multiple indicators, and case study species are required. This study compares behavior and breeding success to various enclosure and husbandry parameters for the Humboldt penguin, Spheniscus humboldti, for the development of improved enclosure design. Behavioral sampling was completed at Flamingo Land over a period of 8 months. Further data on behavior, enclosure design, and breeding success were collected via questionnaires, visits to zoos, and literature review. Breeding success was primarily influenced by colony age and number of breeding pairs, suggesting an important social influence on reproduction. Across zoos, there was also significant variation in behavior. The proportion of time spent in water varied between zoos (2-23%) and was used as an indicator of physical activity and natural behavior. Regression models revealed that water-use was best predicted by total enclosure area per penguin, followed by land area, with some evidence for positive influence of pool surface area per penguin. Predominantly linear/curvilinear increases in our biological indicators with enclosure parameters suggest that optimal conditions for S. humboldti were not met among the selected zoos. We propose revised minimum conditions for S. humboldti enclosure design, which exceed those in the existing husbandry guidelines. We present a framework for the evaluation of zoo enclosures and suggest that a rigorous scientific protocol be established for the design of new enclosures, based on multivariate methods. Zoo Biol. 35:385-397, 2016. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Thermal behavior of an active electronic dome contained in a tilted hemispherical enclosure and subjected to nanofluidic Cu-water free convection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baïri, A.; Laraqi, N.; Adeyeye, K.

2018-03-01

This study examines the thermal behavior of a hemispherical electronic component subjected to a natural nanofluidic convective flow. During its operation, this active dome generates a high power, leading to Rayleigh number values reaching 4.56×109 . It is contained in a hemispherical enclosure and the space between the dome and the cupola is filled with a monophasic water-based copper nanofluid whose volume fraction varies between 0 (pure water) and 10%. According to the intended application, the disc of the enclosure may be tilted at an angle ranging from 0° to 180° (horizontal disc with dome facing upwards and downwards, respectively). The numerical solution has been obtained by means of the volume control method. The surface average temperature of the dome has been determined for many configurations obtained by combining the Rayleigh number, the cavity's tilt angle and the nanofluid volume fraction which vary in wide ranges. The temperature fields presented for several configurations confirm the effects of natural convection. The results clearly highlight the effects of these influence parameters on the thermal state of the assembly. The study shows that some combinations of the Rayleigh-tilt angle-volume fraction are incompatible with a normal operating system at steady state and that a thermoregulation is required. The correlation of the temperature-Rayleigh-Prandtl-angle type proposed in this work allows to easily carry out the thermal dimensioning of the considered electronic assembly.

Radiative flux from a planar multiple point source within a cylindrical enclosure reaching a coaxial circular plane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tryka, Stanislaw

2007-04-01

A general formula and some special integral formulas were presented for calculating radiative fluxes incident on a circular plane from a planar multiple point source within a coaxial cylindrical enclosure perpendicular to the source. These formula were obtained for radiation propagating in a homogeneous isotropic medium assuming that the lateral surface of the enclosure completely absorbs the incident radiation. Exemplary results were computed numerically and illustrated with three-dimensional surface plots. The formulas presented are suitable for determining fluxes of radiation reaching planar circular detectors, collectors or other planar circular elements from systems of laser diodes, light emitting diodes and fiber lamps within cylindrical enclosures, as well as small biological emitters (bacteria, fungi, yeast, etc.) distributed on planar bases of open nontransparent cylindrical containers.

30 CFR 75.819 - Motor-starter enclosures; barriers and interlocks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Motor-starter enclosures; barriers and...-Voltage Distribution High-Voltage Longwalls § 75.819 Motor-starter enclosures; barriers and interlocks. Compartment separation and cover interlock switches for motor-starter enclosures must be maintained in...

An assessment of some non-gray global radiation models in enclosures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meulemans, J.

2016-01-01

The accuracy of several non-gray global gas/soot radiation models, namely the Wide-Band Correlated-K (WBCK) model, the Spectral Line Weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model with one optimized gray gas (SLW-1), the (non-gray) Weighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gases (WSGG) model with different sets of coefficients (Smith et al., Soufiani and Djavdan, Taylor and Foster) was assessed on several test cases from the literature. Non-isothermal (or isothermal) participating media containing non-homogeneous (or homogeneous) mixtures of water vapor, carbon dioxide and soot in one-dimensional planar enclosures and multi-dimensional rectangular enclosures were investigated. For all the considered test cases, a benchmark solution (LBL or SNB) was used in order to compute the relative error of each model on the predicted radiative source term and the wall net radiative heat flux.

Automated enclosure and protection system for compact solar-tracking spectrometers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heinle, Ludwig; Chen, Jia

2018-04-01

A novel automated enclosure for protecting solar-tracking atmospheric instruments was designed, constructed, and successfully tested under various weather conditions. A complete automated measurement system, consisting of a compact solar-tracking Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer (EM27/SUN) and the enclosure, has been deployed in central Munich to monitor greenhouse gases since 2016 and withstood all critical weather conditions, including rain, storms, and snow. It provided ground-based measurements of column-averaged concentrations of CO2, CH4, O2, and H2O throughout this time.The enclosure protects the instrument from harmful environmental influences while allowing open-path measurements in sunny weather. The newly developed and patented cover, a key component of the enclosure, permits unblocked solar measurements while reliably protecting the instrument. This enables dynamic decision regarding taking measurements, and thus increases the number of data samples. This enclosure leads to a fully automated measurement system, which collects data whenever possible without any human interaction. In the long term, the enclosure will provide the foundation for a permanent greenhouse gas monitoring sensor network.

Transient natural and surface-tension-driven convection in a two-layer gas-and-liquid enclosure with nonuniform radiative transfer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abramzon, B.; Edwards, D. K.; Sirignano, W. A.

1986-01-01

A numerical study has been made of transient heat transfer and fluid flow in a cylindrical enclosure containing a two-layer gas-and-liquid system. The geometric configuration and the boundary conditions of the problem are relevant to the analysis of the preignition processes during the fire accident situation involving a pool of liquid fuel in the vicinity of an ignition source. It is demonstrated that the effects of the natural and thermocapillary convection, radiative transfer, thermal inertia and conduction of the walls bounding the enclosure, as well as, the magnitude of the gravity field play important roles in the development of the temperature and velocity fields in the container.

46 CFR 169.677 - Equipment protection and enclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Vessels of Less Than 100 Gross Tons § 169.677 Equipment protection and enclosure. (a) Except as provided... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Equipment protection and enclosure. 169.677 Section 169.677 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL...

9 CFR 3.61 - Primary enclosures used to transport live rabbits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Primary enclosures used to transport... and Transportation of Rabbits Transportation Standards § 3.61 Primary enclosures used to transport... transport in commerce any live rabbit in a primary enclosure that does not conform to the following...

9 CFR 3.61 - Primary enclosures used to transport live rabbits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Primary enclosures used to transport... and Transportation of Rabbits Transportation Standards § 3.61 Primary enclosures used to transport... transport in commerce any live rabbit in a primary enclosure that does not conform to the following...

30 CFR 56.12026 - Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures... MINES Electricity § 56.12026 Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures. Metal fencing and metal buildings enclosing transformers and switchgear shall be grounded. ...

30 CFR 56.12026 - Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures... MINES Electricity § 56.12026 Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures. Metal fencing and metal buildings enclosing transformers and switchgear shall be grounded. ...

30 CFR 56.12026 - Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures... MINES Electricity § 56.12026 Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures. Metal fencing and metal buildings enclosing transformers and switchgear shall be grounded. ...

30 CFR 56.12026 - Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures... MINES Electricity § 56.12026 Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures. Metal fencing and metal buildings enclosing transformers and switchgear shall be grounded. ...

30 CFR 56.12026 - Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures... MINES Electricity § 56.12026 Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures. Metal fencing and metal buildings enclosing transformers and switchgear shall be grounded. ...

Some problems of selection and evaluation of the Martian suit enclosure concept

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abramov, Isaak; Moiseyev, Nikolay; Stoklitsky, Anatoly

2005-12-01

One of the most important tasks for preparation of a future manned mission to Mars is to create a space suit, which ensures efficient and safe operation of the man on the planet surface. The concept of space suit (SS) utilisation on the Mars surface will be determined mainly by the Mars mission scenario. Currently the preference is given to utilisation of robotics with the crew driving a Mars rover vehicle, whereby the suit will be used solely as an additional safety means. However, one cannot exclude the necessity of a durable self-contained stay of the man outside a pressurised compartment, to pick up, for instance, soil samples or do certain repair work in case of an emergency. The requirements to the Mars suit and especially to the personal self-contained life support system (LSS) will depend in many respects on the Mars environmental conditions, the space vehicle system concept and performance characteristics, the airlock and its interface design, the availability of expendable elements for the LSS, etc. The paper reviews principal problems, which have to be solved during development of the Martian suit. A special attention is paid to the issue of suited man mobility during traversing on the planet surface. The paper also reviews the arguments for application of a suit semi-rigid design concept and evaluates potentialities of using certain elements of the existing "Orlan" type suit. The paper presents results of a number of studies on selection of the planetary SS enclosure concept and on experimental evaluation of mobility of the lower torso and leg enclosures in conjunction with a specially designed prototype model (tentative model) of the SS enclosure.

Explosion hazards of LPG-air mixtures in vented enclosure with obstacles.

PubMed

Zhang, Qi; Wang, Yaxing; Lian, Zhen

2017-07-15

Numerical simulations were performed to study explosion characteristics of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) explosion in enclosure with a vent. Unlike explosion overpressure and dynamic pressure, explosion temperature of the LPG-air mixture at a given concentration in a vented enclosure has very little variation with obstacle numbers for a given blockage ratio. For an enclosure without obstacle, explosion overpressures for the stoichiometric mixtures and the fuel-lean mixtures reach their maximum within the vent and that for fuel-rich mixture reaches its maximum beyond and near the vent. Dynamic pressures produced by an indoor LPG explosion reach their maximum always beyond the vent no matter obstacles are present or not in the enclosure. A LPG explosion in a vented enclosure with built-in obstacles is strong enough to make the brick and mortar wall with a thickness of 370mm damaged. If there is no obstacle in the enclosure, the lower explosion pressure of several kPa can not break the brick and mortar wall with a thickness of 370mm. For a LPG explosion produced in an enclosure with a vent, main hazards, within the vent, are overpressure and high temperature. However main hazards are dynamic pressure, blast wind, and high temperature beyond the vent. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 86.117-96 - Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... and periodic determination of enclosure background emissions (hydrocarbons and methanol); initial determination of enclosure internal volume; and periodic hydrocarbon and methanol retention check and calibration. Methanol measurements may be omitted if methanol-fueled vehicles will not be tested in the...

40 CFR 86.117-96 - Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... and periodic determination of enclosure background emissions (hydrocarbons and methanol); initial determination of enclosure internal volume; and periodic hydrocarbon and methanol retention check and calibration. Methanol measurements may be omitted if methanol-fueled vehicles will not be tested in the...

New modeling method and mechanism analyses for active control of interior noise in an irregular enclosure using piezoelectric actuators.

PubMed

Geng, Hou C; Rao, Zhu S; Han, Zu S

2003-03-01

A new modeling method is developed in this paper for the active minimization of noise within a three-dimensional irregular enclosure using distributed lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric (PZT) actuators, and the control mechanisms for irregular enclosure are analyzed. The irregular enclosure is modeled with four rigid walls and two simply supported flexible panels, and PZT actuators are bound to one of the flexible panels. The process of the new modeling method is as follows. First, the modal coupling method is used to establish the motion equations, which contain important coefficients such as modal masses and modal coupling coefficients, etc., of acoustic-structural-piezoelectric coupling system. Then, the acoustic modes and the modal masses of irregular enclosure are calculated by numerical methods. Last, the modal coupling coefficients in motion equations are calculated according to the numerical results of the acoustic modes of irregular enclosure and the modes of two panels. The validity of this modeling method is verified by a regular hexahedron enclosure. Two cost functions are applied to this model. With the two cost functions, good results are obtained in minimizing the sound-pressure level (SPL) within irregular enclosure according to numerical investigations. By comparing the results obtained under controlled and uncontrolled states, the control mechanisms of the system are discussed. It is found that the control mechanisms vary with disturbance frequencies. At most disturbance frequencies, the SPL within enclosure is reduced by restructuring the modes of two panels simultaneously. When the disturbance frequency comes close to one of the natural frequencies of panel a, the dominant mode of panel a is suppressed, while the modes of panel b are reconstructed. While the disturbance frequency is near one of the natural frequencies of panel b, the modes of two panels are restructured at the same time.

Safety of stationary grinding machines - impact resistance of work zone enclosures.

PubMed

Mewes, Detlef; Adler, Christian

2017-09-01

Guards on machine tools are intended to protect persons from being injured by parts ejected with high kinetic energy from the work zone of the machine. Stationary grinding machines are a typical example. Generally such machines are provided with abrasive product guards closely enveloping the grinding wheel. However, many machining tasks do not allow the use of abrasive product guards. In such cases, the work zone enclosure has to be dimensioned so that, in case of failure, grinding wheel fragments remain inside the machine's working zone. To obtain data for the dimensioning of work zone enclosures on stationary grinding machines, which must be operated without an abrasive product guard, burst tests were conducted with vitrified grinding wheels. The studies show that, contrary to widely held opinion, narrower grinding wheels can be more critical concerning the impact resistance than wider wheels although their fragment energy is smaller.

Large fully retractable telescope enclosures still closable in strong wind

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bettonvil, Felix C. M.; Hammerschlag, Robert H.; Jägers, Aswin P. L.; Sliepen, Guus

2008-07-01

Two prototypes of fully retractable enclosures with diameters of 7 and 9 m have been built for the high-resolution solar telescopes DOT (Dutch Open Telescope) and GREGOR, both located at the Canary Islands. These enclosures protect the instruments for bad weather and are fully open when the telescopes are in operation. The telescopes and enclosures also operate in hard wind. The prototypes are based on tensioned membrane between movable but stiff bows, which fold together to a ring when opened. The height of the ring is small. The prototypes already survived several storms, with often snow and ice, without any damage, including hurricane Delta with wind speeds up to 68 m/s. The enclosures can still be closed and opened with wind speeds of 20 m/s without any problems or restrictions. The DOT successfully demonstrated the open, wind-flushing concept for astronomical telescopes. It is now widely recognized that also large future telescopes benefit from wind-flushing and retractable enclosures. These telescopes require enclosures with diameters of 30 m until roughly 100 m, the largest sizes for the ELTs (Extreme Large Telescopes), which will be built in the near future. We discuss developments and required technology for the realization of these large sizes.

30 CFR 57.12026 - Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12026 Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures. Metal fencing and metal buildings enclosing transformers and switchgear shall be grounded. ...

30 CFR 57.12026 - Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12026 Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures. Metal fencing and metal buildings enclosing transformers and switchgear shall be grounded. ...

30 CFR 57.12026 - Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12026 Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures. Metal fencing and metal buildings enclosing transformers and switchgear shall be grounded. ...

30 CFR 57.12026 - Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12026 Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures. Metal fencing and metal buildings enclosing transformers and switchgear shall be grounded. ...

30 CFR 57.12026 - Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12026 Grounding transformer and switchgear enclosures. Metal fencing and metal buildings enclosing transformers and switchgear shall be grounded. ...

9 CFR 3.14 - Primary enclosures used to transport live dogs and cats.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... live dogs and cats. 3.14 Section 3.14 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION..., Treatment, and Transportation of Dogs and Cats 1 Transportation Standards § 3.14 Primary enclosures used to transport live dogs and cats. Any person subject to the Animal Welfare regulations (9 CFR parts 1, 2, and 3...

9 CFR 3.14 - Primary enclosures used to transport live dogs and cats.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... live dogs and cats. 3.14 Section 3.14 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION..., Treatment, and Transportation of Dogs and Cats 1 Transportation Standards § 3.14 Primary enclosures used to transport live dogs and cats. Any person subject to the Animal Welfare regulations (9 CFR parts 1, 2, and 3...

Enclosure Transform for Interest Point Detection From Speckle Imagery.

PubMed

Yongjian Yu; Jue Wang

2017-03-01

We present a fast enclosure transform (ET) to localize complex objects of interest from speckle imagery. This approach explores the spatial confinement on regional features from a sparse image feature representation. Unrelated, broken ridge features surrounding an object are organized collaboratively, giving rise to the enclosureness of the object. Three enclosure likelihood measures are constructed, consisting of the enclosure force, potential energy, and encloser count. In the transform domain, the local maxima manifest the locations of objects of interest, for which only the intrinsic dimension is known a priori. The discrete ET algorithm is computationally efficient, being on the order of O(MN) using N measuring distances across an image of M ridge pixels. It involves easy and few parameter settings. We demonstrate and assess the performance of ET on the automatic detection of the prostate locations from supra-pubic ultrasound images. ET yields superior results in terms of positive detection rate, accuracy and coverage.

Method for sealing remote leaks in an enclosure using an aerosol

DOEpatents

Modera, Mark P.; Carrie, Francois R.

1999-01-01

The invention is a method and device for sealing leaks remotely by means of injecting a previously prepared aerosol into the enclosure being sealed according to a particular sealing efficiency defined by the product of a penetration efficiency and a particle deposition efficiency. By using different limits in the relationship between penetration efficiency and flowrate, the same method according the invention can be used for coating the inside of an enclosure. Specifically the invention is a method and device for preparing, transporting, and depositing a solid phase aerosol to the interior surface of the enclosure relating particle size, particle carrier flow rate, and pressure differential, so that particles deposited there can bridge and substantially seal each leak, with out providing a substantial coating at inside surfaces of the enclosure other than the leak. The particle size and flow parameters can be adjusted to coat the interior of the enclosure (duct) without substantial plugging of the leaks depending on how the particle size and flowrate relationships are chosen.

40 CFR 86.117-96 - Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... this section. (v) r=FID response factor to methanol. (vi) PB=Barometric pressure, in. Hg. (kPa). (vii) T=Enclosure ambient temperature, R(K). (viii) i=Indicates initial reading. (ix) f=Indicates final reading. (x)(A) k=3.05. (B) For SI units, k=17.60. (xi) MHC, out=mass of hydrocarbon exiting the enclosure...

40 CFR 86.117-96 - Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... this section. (v) r=FID response factor to methanol. (vi) PB=Barometric pressure, in. Hg. (kPa). (vii) T=Enclosure ambient temperature, R(K). (viii) i=Indicates initial reading. (ix) f=Indicates final reading. (x)(A) k=3.05. (B) For SI units, k=17.60. (xi) MHC, out=mass of hydrocarbon exiting the enclosure...

46 CFR 154.195 - Aluminum cargo tank: Steel enclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Equipment Hull Structure § 154.195 Aluminum cargo tank: Steel enclosure. (a) An aluminum cargo tank and its dome must be enclosed by the vessel's hull structure or a separate steel cover. (b) The steel cover for... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Aluminum cargo tank: Steel enclosure. 154.195 Section...

46 CFR 154.195 - Aluminum cargo tank: Steel enclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Equipment Hull Structure § 154.195 Aluminum cargo tank: Steel enclosure. (a) An aluminum cargo tank and its dome must be enclosed by the vessel's hull structure or a separate steel cover. (b) The steel cover for... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Aluminum cargo tank: Steel enclosure. 154.195 Section...

46 CFR 154.195 - Aluminum cargo tank: Steel enclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Equipment Hull Structure § 154.195 Aluminum cargo tank: Steel enclosure. (a) An aluminum cargo tank and its dome must be enclosed by the vessel's hull structure or a separate steel cover. (b) The steel cover for... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Aluminum cargo tank: Steel enclosure. 154.195 Section...

46 CFR 154.195 - Aluminum cargo tank: Steel enclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Equipment Hull Structure § 154.195 Aluminum cargo tank: Steel enclosure. (a) An aluminum cargo tank and its dome must be enclosed by the vessel's hull structure or a separate steel cover. (b) The steel cover for... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Aluminum cargo tank: Steel enclosure. 154.195 Section...

46 CFR 154.195 - Aluminum cargo tank: Steel enclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Equipment Hull Structure § 154.195 Aluminum cargo tank: Steel enclosure. (a) An aluminum cargo tank and its dome must be enclosed by the vessel's hull structure or a separate steel cover. (b) The steel cover for... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Aluminum cargo tank: Steel enclosure. 154.195 Section...

LOFT. Containment and service building (TAN650). South elevation, details, section. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

LOFT. Containment and service building (TAN-650). South elevation, details, section. Shows part of duct enclosure, railroad door opening, roof ventilators, shielded personnel entrance, and change room. Section F shows view from west looking toward shielding around airlock door on main floor. Kaiser engineers 6413-11-STEP/LOFT-650-A-9. Date: October 1964. INEEL index code no. 036-650-00-486-122221 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Area North, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Enclosure from DOE letter dated 7/20/07 - Table 5-2, Isotopic Compositions of Rocky Flats Plutonium and Uranium

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This enclosure from a DOE letter to EPA regarding a waste container disposed at the WIPP from the Advanced Mixed Waste Treatment Project includes Table 5-2, Isotopic Compositions of Rocky Flats Plutonium and Uranium.

49 CFR 193.2905 - Protective enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS FACILITIES... surrounded by a protective enclosure: (1) Storage tanks; (2) Impounding systems; (3) Vapor barriers; (4...

Ventilation for an enclosure of a gas turbine and related method

DOEpatents

Schroeder, Troy Joseph; Leach, David; O'Toole, Michael Anthony

2002-01-01

A ventilation scheme for a rotary machine supported on pedestals within an enclosure having a roof, end walls and side walls with the machine arranged parallel to the side walls, includes ventilation air inlets located in a first end wall of the enclosure; a barrier wall located within the enclosure, proximate the first end wall to thereby create a plenum chamber. The barrier wall is constructed to provide a substantially annular gap between the barrier wall and a casing of the turbine to thereby direct ventilation air axially along the turbine; one or more ventilation air outlets located proximate a second, opposite end wall on the roof of the enclosure. In addition, one or more fans are provided for pulling ventilating air into said plenum chamber via the ventilation air inlets.

Natural convection immersion cooling of an array of vertically oriented heated protrusions in an enclosure filled with a dielectric liquid: Effects of enclosure width, Prandtl number and component orientation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matthews, Scott T.

1991-12-01

The natural convection heat transfer characteristics of a 3 x 3 array of vertically oriented heated protrusions, immersed in a dielectric liquid, were investigated. Aluminum blocks, 24 x 8 x 6 mm, were used to simulate 20 pin dual in-line packages. Surface temperature measurements of the components were made by imbedding copper-constantan thermocouples below the surface of each component face. A constant heat flux was provided to each component using an Inconel foil heating element. Power supplied to each component varied from 0.115 to 2.90 W. The aluminum blocks were mounted on a plexiglass substrate to form a 3 x 3 array of simulated electronic components. The circuit board containing the components was placed in a rectangular, plexiglass enclosure with inner dimensions: L = 203.2 mm H = 152.0 mm W = 82.6 mm, and a wall thickness of 25.4 mm. The upper boundary was maintained at 10 C, while all other exterior surfaces were insulated. The chamber width, measured from the surface of the circuit board to the opposite, inner wall of the enclosure, was varied from 42 to 7 mm by inserting plexiglass spacers into the enclosure. Two dielectric liquids, FC-75 and FC-43, were used as working fluids. Nondimensional data from this study was combined with the data obtained for a horizontal component orientation, to develop an empirical correlation which predicts the Nusselt number as a function of Rayleigh number, Prandtl number, component orientation, and chamber width.

Wind fence enclosures for infrasonic wind noise reduction.

PubMed

Abbott, JohnPaul; Raspet, Richard; Webster, Jeremy

2015-03-01

A large porous wind fence enclosure has been built and tested to optimize wind noise reduction at infrasonic frequencies between 0.01 and 10 Hz to develop a technology that is simple and cost effective and improves upon the limitations of spatial filter arrays for detecting nuclear explosions, wind turbine infrasound, and other sources of infrasound. Wind noise is reduced by minimizing the sum of the wind noise generated by the turbulence and velocity gradients inside the fence and by the area-averaging the decorrelated pressure fluctuations generated at the surface of the fence. The effects of varying the enclosure porosity, top condition, bottom gap, height, and diameter and adding a secondary windscreen were investigated. The wind fence enclosure achieved best reductions when the surface porosity was between 40% and 55% and was supplemented by a secondary windscreen. The most effective wind fence enclosure tested in this study achieved wind noise reductions of 20-27 dB over the 2-4 Hz frequency band, a minimum of 5 dB noise reduction for frequencies from 0.1 to 20 Hz, constant 3-6 dB noise reduction for frequencies with turbulence wavelengths larger than the fence, and sufficient wind noise reduction at high wind speeds (3-6 m/s) to detect microbaroms.

50 CFR 14.131 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... same primary enclosure with an adult marine mammal other than its mother. Socially dependent animals (e.g., siblings, mother, and offspring) transported in the same conveyance shall be allowed visual and...

50 CFR 14.131 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... same primary enclosure with an adult marine mammal other than its mother. Socially dependent animals (e.g., siblings, mother, and offspring) transported in the same conveyance shall be allowed visual and...

Detection of free liquid in containers of solidified radioactive waste

DOEpatents

Greenhalgh, W.O.

Nondestructive detection of the presence of free liquid within a sealed enclosure containing solidified waste is accomplished by measuring the levels of waste at two diametrically opposite locations while slowly tilting the enclosure toward one of said locations. When the measured level remains constant at the other location, the measured level at said one location is noted and any measured difference of levels indicates the presence of liquid on the surface of the solifified waste. The absence of liquid in the enclosure is verified when the measured levels at both locations are equal.

Detection of free liquid in containers of solidified radioactive waste

DOEpatents

Greenhalgh, Wilbur O.

1985-01-01

A method of nondestructively detecting the presence of free liquid within a sealed enclosure containing solidified waste by measuring the levels of waste at two diametrically opposite locations while slowly tilting the enclosure toward one of said locations. When the measured level remains constant at the other location, the measured level at said one location is noted and any measured difference of levels indicates the presence of liquid on the surface of the solidified waste. The absence of liquid in the enclosure is verified when the measured levels at both locations are equal.

Enclosures Abound: Black Cultural Autonomy, Prison Regime and Public Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schnyder, Damien

2010-01-01

Since slavery, attempted enclosures upon Black spaces of cultural production and autonomy (i.e. music, language, art) have manifested in various forms. In the context of the post-industrial terrain of urban southern California, the formation of the prison is the dominant model of forced enclosure in the lives of Black people. Moving beyond the…

Performance of particulate containment at nanotechnology workplaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lo, Li-Ming; Tsai, Candace S.-J.; Dunn, Kevin H.; Hammond, Duane; Marlow, David; Topmiller, Jennifer; Ellenbecker, Michael

2015-11-01

The evaluation of engineering controls for the production or use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was investigated at two facilities. These control assessments are necessary to evaluate the current status of control performance and to develop proper control strategies for these workplaces. The control systems evaluated in these studies included ventilated enclosures, exterior hoods, and exhaust filtration systems. Activity-based monitoring with direct-reading instruments and filter sampling for microscopy analysis were used to evaluate the effectiveness of control measures at study sites. Our study results showed that weighing CNTs inside the biological safety cabinet can have a 37 % reduction on the particle concentration in the worker's breathing zone, and produce a 42 % lower area concentration outside the enclosure. The ventilated enclosures used to reduce fugitive emissions from the production furnaces exhibited good containment characteristics when closed, but they failed to contain emissions effectively when opened during product removal/harvesting. The exhaust filtration systems employed for exhausting these ventilated enclosures did not provide promised collection efficiencies for removing engineered nanomaterials from furnace exhaust. The exterior hoods were found to be a challenge for controlling emissions from machining nanocomposites: the downdraft hood effectively contained and removed particles released from the manual cutting process, but using the canopy hood for powered cutting of nanocomposites created 15-20 % higher ultrafine (<500 nm) particle concentrations at the source and at the worker's breathing zone. The microscopy analysis showed that CNTs can only be found at production sources but not at the worker breathing zones during the tasks monitored.

Performance of Particulate Containment at Nanotechnology Workplaces

PubMed Central

Lo, Li-Ming; Tsai, Candace S.-J.; Dunn, Kevin H.; Hammond, Duane; Marlow, David; Topmiller, Jennifer; Ellenbecker, Michael

2015-01-01

The evaluation of engineering controls for the production or use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was investigated at two facilities. These controls assessments are necessary to evaluate the current status of control performance and to develop proper control strategies for these workplaces. The control systems evaluated in these studies included ventilated enclosures, exterior hoods, and exhaust filtration systems. Activity-based monitoring with direct-reading instruments and filter sampling for microscopy analysis were used to evaluate the effectiveness of control measures at study sites. Our study results showed that weighing CNTs inside the biological safety cabinet can have a 37% reduction on the particle concentration in the worker’s breathing zone, and produce a 42% lower area concentration outside the enclosure. The ventilated enclosures used to reduce fugitive emissions from the production furnaces exhibited good containment characteristics when closed, but they failed to contain emissions effectively when opened during product removal/harvesting. The exhaust filtration systems employed for exhausting these ventilated enclosures did not provide promised collection efficiencies for removing engineered nanomaterials from furnace exhaust. The exterior hoods were found to be a challenge for controlling emissions from machining nanocomposites: the downdraft hood effectively contained and removed particles released from the manual cutting process, but using the canopy hood for powered cutting of nanocomposites created 15%–20% higher ultrafine (<500 nm) particle concentrations at the source and at the worker’s breathing zone. The microscopy analysis showed that CNTs can only be found at production sources but not at the worker breathing zones during the tasks monitored. PMID:26705393

5. Exterior view, enclosure at walkin entry level between Test ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Exterior view, enclosure at walk-in entry level between Test Cell 6 (right) and Test Cell 7 (left), Systems Integration Laboratory Building (T-28), looking southwest. High pressure gas tank and generator test firings are conducted in the enclosure. - Air Force Plant PJKS, Systems Integration Laboratory, Systems Integration Laboratory Building, Waterton Canyon Road & Colorado Highway 121, Lakewood, Jefferson County, CO

A simple formula for insertion loss prediction of large acoustical enclosures using statistical energy analysis method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Hyun-Sil; Kim, Jae-Seung; Lee, Seong-Hyun; Seo, Yun-Ho

2014-12-01

Insertion loss prediction of large acoustical enclosures using Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) method is presented. The SEA model consists of three elements: sound field inside the enclosure, vibration energy of the enclosure panel, and sound field outside the enclosure. It is assumed that the space surrounding the enclosure is sufficiently large so that there is no energy flow from the outside to the wall panel or to air cavity inside the enclosure. The comparison of the predicted insertion loss to the measured data for typical large acoustical enclosures shows good agreements. It is found that if the critical frequency of the wall panel falls above the frequency region of interest, insertion loss is dominated by the sound transmission loss of the wall panel and averaged sound absorption coefficient inside the enclosure. However, if the critical frequency of the wall panel falls into the frequency region of interest, acoustic power from the sound radiation by the wall panel must be added to the acoustic power from transmission through the panel.

Performance of masonry enclosure walls: lessons learned from recent earthquakes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vicente, Romeu Silva; Rodrigues, Hugo; Varum, Humberto; Costa, Aníbal; Mendes da Silva, José António Raimundo

2012-03-01

This paper discusses the issue of performance requirements and construction criteria for masonry enclosure and infill walls. Vertical building enclosures in European countries are very often constituted by non-load-bearing masonry walls, using horizontally perforated clay bricks. These walls are generally supported and confined by a reinforced concrete frame structure of columns and beams/slabs. Since these walls are commonly considered to be nonstructural elements and their influence on the structural response is ignored, their consideration in the design of structures as well as their connection to the adjacent structural elements is frequently negligent or insufficiently detailed. As a consequence, nonstructural elements, as for wall enclosures, are relatively sensitive to drift and acceleration demands when buildings are subjected to seismic actions. Many international standards and technical documents stress the need for design acceptability criteria for nonstructural elements, however they do not specifically indicate how to prevent collapse and severe cracking, and how to enhance the overall stability in the case of moderate to high seismic loading. Furthermore, a review of appropriate measures to improve enclosure wall performance and both in-plane and out-of-plane integrity under seismic actions is addressed.

Thermal enclosures for electronically scanned pressure modules operating in cryogenic environments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mitchell, Michael; Sealey, Bradley S.

1989-01-01

Specific guidelines to design, construct, and test ESP thermal enclosures for applications at cryogenic temperatures are given. The enclosures maintain the ESP modules at a constant temperature (10 C plus or minus 1 C) to minimize thermal zero and sensitivity shifts, to minimize the frequency of expensive on-line calibrations, and to avoid adverse effects on tunnel and model boundary layers. The enclosures are constructed of a rigid closed-cell foam and are capable of withstanding the stagnation pressures to 932kPa (135 psia) without reduction in thermal insulation properties. This construction procedure has been used to construct several thermal packages which have been successfully used in National Transonic Facility.

Lethality and bioaccumulation of 4-nonylphenol in bluegill sunfish in littoral enclosures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liber, K.; Gangl, J.A.; Corry, T.D.

1999-03-01

Toxicity and bioaccumulation in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) of 4-nonylphenol (NP), a common precursor and degradation intermediate of certain nonionic surfactants, were evaluated in a set of 18 aquatic mesocosms (littoral enclosures) in northeastern Minnesota. Nonylphenol was applied to enclosures every 48 h over a 20-d period (11 applications) at rates of 3, 30, 100, and 300 {micro}g/L. Additional enclosures served as untreated controls. Maximum NP levels in the integrated water column 2 h after each application averaged 5 {+-} 4, 23 {+-} 11, 76 {+-} 21, and 243 {+-} 41 {micro}g/L over the 11 applications at the 3-, 30-,more » 100-, and 300-{micro}g/L treatments, respectively. Sixty-one percent of the NP dissipated from the water column within {approximately} 39 h of each application. Estimated survival of stocked juvenile bluegills was significantly reduced at the 300-{micro}g/L NP treatment. No significant effects were noted at the other NP treatments; however, the 100-{micro}g/L enclosure with the highest mean NP concentration (93 {+-} 39 {micro}g/L) within that treatment had four to nine times more dead bluegills and four to six times fewer bluegills captured at the end of the season than the other two 100-{micro}g/L enclosures (64 {+-} 23 and 71 {+-} 32 {micro}g/L) and the controls, suggesting increased mortality in this enclosure. Nonylphenol tissue concentrations in juvenile bluegills collected from enclosures treated with 3 and 30 {micro}g/L NP ranged from 0.01 to 2.94 {micro}g/g wet weight and showed a significant positive relationship with the average measured NP concentration in the water. The mean wet weight nonequilibrium NP bioaccumulation factor was 87 {+-} 124. There was no relationship between fish lipid content and NP tissue concentration.« less

40 CFR 63.450 - Standards for enclosures and closed-vent systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-vent systems. 63.450 Section 63.450 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Standards for enclosures and closed-vent systems. (a) Each enclosure and closed-vent system specified in..., or repairs. (c) Each component of the closed-vent system used to comply with §§ 63.443(c), 63.444(b...

40 CFR 63.450 - Standards for enclosures and closed-vent systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-vent systems. 63.450 Section 63.450 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Standards for enclosures and closed-vent systems. (a) Each enclosure and closed-vent system specified in..., or repairs. (c) Each component of the closed-vent system used to comply with §§ 63.443(c), 63.444(b...

40 CFR 63.450 - Standards for enclosures and closed-vent systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-vent systems. 63.450 Section 63.450 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Standards for enclosures and closed-vent systems. (a) Each enclosure and closed-vent system specified in..., or repairs. (c) Each component of the closed-vent system used to comply with §§ 63.443(c), 63.444(b...

40 CFR 63.450 - Standards for enclosures and closed-vent systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-vent systems. 63.450 Section 63.450 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Standards for enclosures and closed-vent systems. (a) Each enclosure and closed-vent system specified in..., or repairs. (c) Each component of the closed-vent system used to comply with §§ 63.443(c), 63.444(b...

40 CFR 63.450 - Standards for enclosures and closed-vent systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...-vent systems. 63.450 Section 63.450 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Standards for enclosures and closed-vent systems. (a) Each enclosure and closed-vent system specified in..., or repairs. (c) Each component of the closed-vent system used to comply with §§ 63.443(c), 63.444(b...

Design, construction and testing of a DC bioeffects test enclosure for small animals. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Frazier, M J; Preache, M M

1980-11-01

This final report describes both the engineering development of a DC bioeffects test enclosure for small laboratory animals, and the biological protocol for the use of such enclosures in the testing of animals to determine possible biological effects of the environment associated with HVDC transmission lines. The test enclosure which has been designed is a modular unit, which will house up to eight rat-sized animals in individual compartments. Multiple test enclosures can be used to test larger numbers of animals. A prototype test enclosure has been fabricated and tested to characterize its electrical performance characteristics. The test enclosure provides amore » simulation of the dominant environment associated with HVDC transmission lines; namely, a static electric field and an ion current density. A biological experimental design has been developed for assessing the effects of the dominant components of the HVDC transmission line environment.« less

Uncertainty analysis of diffuse-gray radiation enclosure problems: A hypersensitive case study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Taylor, Robert P.; Luck, Rogelio; Hodge, B. K.; Steele, W. Glenn

1993-01-01

An uncertainty analysis of diffuse-gray enclosure problems is presented. The genesis was a diffuse-gray enclosure problem which proved to be hypersensitive to the specification of view factors. This genesis is discussed in some detail. The uncertainty analysis is presented for the general diffuse-gray enclosure problem and applied to the hypersensitive case study. It was found that the hypersensitivity could be greatly reduced by enforcing both closure and reciprocity for the view factors. The effects of uncertainties in the surface emissivities and temperatures are also investigated.

Enclosure design for flock-level, chronic exposure of birds to air contaminant mixtures.

PubMed

North, Michelle A; Kinniburgh, David W; Smits, Judit E G

2018-05-01

The objective of this study was to design an enclosure suitable for studying the ecotoxicological effects of vehicle emissions on groups of wild birds without compromising welfare. Two, adjacent enclosures sheltered from sunlight, wind and rain, were bird-proofed and wrapped with thick polyethylene sheeting. Emissions were directed into the treatment enclosure from the exhaust of a light-duty gasoline truck, using flexible, heat-proof pipe, with joins sealed to prevent leakage. During active exposure, the engine was idled for 5 h/day, 6 days/week for 4 weeks. Fans maintained positive pressure (controls) and negative pressure (treatment), preventing cross-contamination of enclosures and protecting investigators. Four sets of passive, badge-type samplers were distributed across each enclosure, measuring nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and volatile organic compounds (NO 2 , SO 2 and VOCs, respectively), and were complemented by active monitors measuring VOCs and particulate matter (2.5 µm diameter, PM 2.5 ). We found that the concentrations of NO 2 , SO 2 and PM 2.5 were not different between treatment and control enclosures. Volatile organic compounds (e.g. benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) were approximately six times higher in the treatment enclosure than control (13.23 and 2.13 µg m -1 , respectively). In conclusion, this represents a successful, practical design for studying the effects of sub-chronic to chronic exposure to realistic mixtures of vehicle exhaust contaminants, in groups of birds. Recommended modifications for future research include a chassis dynamometer (vehicle treadmill), to better replicate driving conditions including acceleration and deceleration.

50 CFR 14.161 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Wild Mammals and Birds to the United States Specifications for Other Terrestrial Mammals § 14.161... primary enclosure shall provide adequate space for the animal to stand upright in a normal posture with... lie in a full prone position. Specifications for Birds ...

Aerothermodynamic properties of stretched flames in enclosures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rotman, D. A.; Oppenheim, A. K.

Flames are stretched by being pulled along their frontal surface by the flow field in which they reside. Their trajectories tend to approach particle paths, acquiring eventually the role of contact boundaries, -interfaces between the burnt and unburnt medium that may broaden solely as a consequence of diffusion. Fundamental properties of flow fields governing such flames are determined here on the basis of the zero Mach number model, providng a rational method of approach to the computational analysis of combustion fields in enclosures where, besides the aerodynamic properties flow, the thermodynamic process of compression must be taken into account. To illustrate its application, the method is used to reveal the mechanism of formation of a tulip-shape flame in a rectangular enclosure under nonturbulent flow conditions.

Noise transmission from a curved panel into a cylindrical enclosure: analysis of structural acoustic coupling.

PubMed

Henry, J K; Clark, R L

2001-04-01

Much of the research on sound transmission through the aircraft fuselage into the interior of aircraft has considered coupling of the entire cylinder to the acoustic modes of the enclosure. Yet, much of the work on structural acoustic control of sound radiation has focused on reducing sound radiation from individual panels into an acoustic space. Research by the authors seeks to bridge this gap by considering the transmission of sound from individual panels on the fuselage to the interior of the aircraft. As part of this research, an analytical model of a curved panel, with attached piezoelectric actuators, subjected to a static pressure load was previously developed. In the present work, the analytical model is extended to consider the coupling of a curved panel to the interior acoustics of a rigid-walled cylinder. Insight gained from an accurate analytical model of the dynamics of the noise transmission from the curved panels of the fuselage into the cylindrical enclosure of an aircraft is essential to the development of feedback control systems for the control of stochastic inputs, such as turbulent boundary layer excitation. The criteria for maximal structural acoustic coupling between the modes of the curved panel and the modes of the cylindrical enclosure are studied. For panels with aspect ratios typical of those found in aircraft, results indicate that predominately axial structural modes couple most efficiently to the acoustic modes of the enclosure. The effects of the position of the curved panel on the cylinder are also studied. Structural acoustic coupling is found to not be significantly affected by varying panel position. The impact of the findings of this study on structural acoustic control design is discussed.

9 CFR 3.80 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... injuring themselves; and (xi) Provide sufficient space for the nonhuman primates to make normal postural... maintained so as to provide sufficient space to allow each nonhuman primate to make normal postural... postural adjustments and movements within the primary enclosure. Different species of prosimians vary in...

Evidence of a relational spatial strategy in learning the centre of enclosures in human children (Homo sapiens).

PubMed

Tommasi, Luca; Giuliano, Alda

2014-07-01

Three- to five-year-old children were trained to localize a sensor hidden underneath the floor, in the centre of a square-shaped enclosure (1.5m×1.5m). Walking over the sensor caused a pleasant music to be played in the environment, thus engaging children in a playful spatial search. Children easily learned to find the centre of the training environment starting from random positions. After training, children were tested in enclosures of different size and/or shape: a larger square-shaped enclosure (3m×3m), a rectangle-shaped enclosure (1.5m×3m), an equilateral triangle-shaped enclosure (side 3m) and an isosceles triangle-shaped enclosure (base 1.5m; sides 3m). Children searched in the central region of the enclosures, their precision varying as a function of the similarity of the testing enclosure's shape to the shape of the training enclosure. This suggests that a relational spatial strategy was used, and that it depended on the encoding of geometrical shape. This result highlights a distinctive role of the geometric centre of enclosed spaces in place learning in children, as already observed in nonhuman species. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Laying hen movement in a commercial aviary: Enclosure to floor and back again.

PubMed

Campbell, D L M; Makagon, M M; Swanson, J C; Siegford, J M

2016-01-01

Many producers in the laying hen industry, including in North America, are phasing out conventional cages in response to consumer demands and sometimes subsequent legislation. Alternative housing systems such as aviaries are being implemented in an attempt to improve hen welfare. Aviaries provide additional space and resources to groups of hens, including a litter area on the floor. However, little is known about hen movement between tiered enclosures and floor litter areas in aviary systems. Diurnal rhythms and social attraction may result in peak times of movement that could lead to overcrowding of areas, or alternatively hen preferences may lead to some areas not being fully utilized. We monitored hen movement between tiered enclosures and litter areas, including movement on and off the outer perch, across the day at peak, mid and end of lay in a commercial aviary. Hens moved onto and off of the open litter area across the day, transitioning between tiered enclosures, outer perches, open litter areas, and litter areas under tiered enclosures. At certain times of day, there were periods of greater hen movement down to the open litter area and between litter areas. For example, more hens were typically observed exiting enclosures, jumping from perches to open litter, and traveling between open litter and litter under tiered enclosures in the morning (all P ≤ 0.001). In all but one instance, more hens were observed on open litter areas in the afternoon than at other times of day (all P ≤ 0.029). However, hen re-entry to tiered enclosures showed less circadian patterning. Hen movement was observed between areas of interest at all sampled time periods, indicating hens use all areas of the system. Further research should examine whether all individual hens do move between areas equally, including within levels of the tiered enclosure, or if crowding occurs on the outer perches or in the litter during times of peak movement. © 2015 Poultry Science Association Inc.

9 CFR 3.53 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... used at research facilities when approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, and by... WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment and Transportation of Rabbits... enclosures shall be constructed so as to protect the rabbits' feet and legs from injury. Litter shall be...

9 CFR 3.53 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... research facilities when approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, and by dealers and... WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment and Transportation of Rabbits... enclosures shall be constructed so as to protect the rabbits' feet and legs from injury. Litter shall be...

9 CFR 3.53 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... used at research facilities when approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, and by... WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment and Transportation of Rabbits... enclosures shall be constructed so as to protect the rabbits' feet and legs from injury. Litter shall be...

9 CFR 3.53 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... research facilities when approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, and by dealers and... WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment and Transportation of Rabbits... enclosures shall be constructed so as to protect the rabbits' feet and legs from injury. Litter shall be...

9 CFR 3.53 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... used at research facilities when approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, and by... WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment and Transportation of Rabbits... enclosures shall be constructed so as to protect the rabbits' feet and legs from injury. Litter shall be...

50 CFR 14.131 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... same primary enclosure with an adult marine mammal other than its mother. Socially dependent animals (e... Wild Mammals and Birds to the United States Specifications for Marine Mammals (cetaceans, Sirenians..., harnesses, or other such devices used for body support or restraint when transporting marine mammals such as...

Numerical studies of convective heat transfer in an inclined semiannular enclosure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, Lin-Wen; Yung, Chain-Nan; Chai, An-Ti; Rashidnia, Nasser

1989-01-01

Natural convection heat transfer in a two-dimensional differentially heated semiannular enclosure is studied. The enclosure is isothermally heated and cooled at the inner and outer walls, respectively. A commercial software based on the SIMPLER algorithm was used to simulate the velocity and temperature profiles. Various parameters that affect the momentum and heat transfer processes were examined. These parameters include the Rayleigh number, Prandtl number, radius ratio, and the angle of inclination. A flow regime extending from conduction-dominated to convection-dominated flow was examined. The computed results of heat transfer are presented as a function of flow parameter and geometric factors. It is found that the heat transfer rate attains a minimum when the enclosure is tilted about +50 deg with respect to the gravitational direction.

Fogging formulations for fixation of particulate contamination in ductwork and enclosures

DOEpatents

Maresca, Jr., Joseph W.; Kostelnik, Lori M.; Kriskivich, James R.; Demmer, Rick L.; Tripp, Julia L.

2015-09-08

A method and an apparatus using aqueous fixatives for fogging of ventilation ductwork, enclosures, or buildings containing dust, lint, and particulates that may be contaminated by radionuclides and other dangerous or unsafe particulate contaminants, which method and apparatus are capable of (1) obtaining full coverage within the ductwork and (2) penetrating and fixing the lint, dust and large particles present in the ductwork so that no airborne particles are released during or after the application of the fixative. New aqueous fogging solutions outperform conventional glycerin-based solutions. These aqueous solutions will fog using conventional methods of application and contain a surfactant to aid wetting and penetration of the lint and dust, a binder to stabilize loose or respirable particles, and an agent to aid in fogging and enhance adhesiveness. The solutions are safe and easy to use.

50 CFR 14.151 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TAKING... Wild Mammals and Birds to the United States Specifications for Sloths, Bats, and Flying Lemurs... located on the upper one-half of the primary enclosure. (b) No more than one sloth, bat, or flying lemur...

A four-panel enclosure protects from explosion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

King, P. V.

1972-01-01

Development of multi-layered baffle as enclosure to protect personnel from effects of explosion during production of ammunition is discussed. Advantages of new system over previous systems are described. Illustration of typical panel structure is provided.

30 CFR 77.701-2 - Approved methods of grounding metallic frames, casings, and other enclosures of electric...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... enclosures and the earth. (b) A method of grounding of metallic frames, casings, and other enclosures of... there is no difference in potential between such frames, casings, and other enclosures, and the earth. ...

ZFS on RBODs - Leveraging RAID Controllers for Metrics and Enclosure Management

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stearman, D. M.

2015-03-30

Traditionally, the Lustre file system has relied on the ldiskfs file system with reliable RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) storage underneath. As of Lustre 2.4, ZFS was added as a backend file system, with built-in software RAID, thereby removing the need of expensive RAID controllers. ZFS was designed to work with JBOD (Just a Bunch Of Disks) storage enclosures under the Solaris Operating System, which provided a rich device management system. Long time users of the Lustre file system have relied on the RAID controllers to provide metrics and enclosure monitoring and management services, with rich APIs and commandmore » line interfaces. This paper will study a hybrid approach using an advanced full featured RAID enclosure which is presented to the host as a JBOD, This RBOD (RAIDed Bunch Of Disks) allows ZFS to do the RAID protection and error correction, while the RAID controller handles management of the disks and monitors the enclosure. It was hoped that the value of the RAID controller features would offset the additional cost, and that performance would not suffer in this mode. The test results revealed that the hybrid RBOD approach did suffer reduced performance.« less

EFFECTS OF 4-NONYLPHENOL ON BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES AND INSECT EMERGENCE IN LITTORAL ENCLOSURES

EPA Science Inventory

The effect of 4-nonylphenol (NP) on benthic, freshwater marcroinvertebrates in littoral enclosures was evaluated over a two-year period. Enclosures received 11 NP applications, 48 h apart, with nominal ratres of 3,30, 100, and 300 ?g/L.

Impact resistant battery enclosure systems

DOEpatents

Tsutsui, Waterloo; Feng, Yuezhong; Chen, Weinong Wayne; Siegmund, Thomas Heinrich

2017-10-31

Battery enclosure arrangements for a vehicular battery system. The arrangements, capable of impact resistance include plurality of battery cells and a plurality of kinetic energy absorbing elements. The arrangements further include a frame configured to encase the plurality of the kinetic energy absorbing elements and the battery cells. In some arrangements the frame and/or the kinetic energy absorbing elements can be made of topologically interlocked materials.

50 CFR 14.161 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... the total surface area of each ventilated wall. When openings are located on all four walls of the enclosure, the openings shall comprise at least 8 percent of the total surface area of each wall. At least... specifies maximum densities minimum space for transporting rodents that fall within the specified weight...

50 CFR 14.161 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... the total surface area of each ventilated wall. When openings are located on all four walls of the enclosure, the openings shall comprise at least 8 percent of the total surface area of each wall. At least... specifies maximum densities minimum space for transporting rodents that fall within the specified weight...

50 CFR 14.161 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... the total surface area of each ventilated wall. When openings are located on all four walls of the enclosure, the openings shall comprise at least 8 percent of the total surface area of each wall. At least... specifies maximum densities minimum space for transporting rodents that fall within the specified weight...

Analysis of sound absorption performance of an electroacoustic absorber using a vented enclosure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cho, Youngeun; Wang, Semyung; Hyun, Jaeyub; Oh, Seungjae; Goo, Seongyeol

2018-03-01

The sound absorption performance of an electroacoustic absorber (EA) is primarily influenced by the dynamic characteristics of the loudspeaker that acts as the actuator of the EA system. Therefore, the sound absorption performance of the EA is maximum at the resonance frequency of the loudspeaker and tends to degrade in the low-frequency and high-frequency bands based on this resonance frequency. In this study, to adjust the sound absorption performance of the EA system in the low-frequency band of approximately 20-80 Hz, an EA system using a vented enclosure that has previously been used to enhance the radiating sound pressure of a loudspeaker in the low-frequency band, is proposed. To verify the usefulness of the proposed system, two acoustic environments are considered. In the first acoustic environment, the vent of the vented enclosure is connected to an external sound field that is distinct from the sound field coupled to the EA. In this case, the acoustic effect of the vented enclosure on the performance of the EA is analyzed through an analytical approach using dynamic equations and an impedance-based equivalent circuit. Then, it is verified through numerical and experimental approaches. Next, in the second acoustic environment, the vent is connected to the same external sound field as the EA. In this case, the effect of the vented enclosure on the EA is investigated through an analytical approach and finally verified through a numerical approach. As a result, it is confirmed that the characteristics of the sound absorption performances of the proposed EA system using the vented enclosure in the two acoustic environments considered in this study are different from each other in the low-frequency band of approximately 20-80 Hz. Furthermore, several case studies on the change tendency of the performance of the EA using the vented enclosure according to the critical design factors or vent number for the vented enclosure are also investigated. In the future

Fire containment tests of aircraft interior panels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kourtides, D. A.; Parker, J. A.; Leon, H. A.; Williamson, R. B.; Hasegawa, H.; Fisher, F.; Draemel, R.; Marcussen, W. H.; Hilado, C. J.

1976-01-01

The paper describes an experimental program carried out to evaluate a possible method for testing the fire-containment qualities of aircraft interior panels. The experimental apparatus consisted of a burner that simulates various fire loads under different ventilation conditions in an enclosure of approximately the same size as an aircraft lavatory module. Two fire-containment tests are discussed in which two adjoining walls of the enclosure were made from state-of-the-art composite panels; rats were exposed to the combustion products in order to evaluate the toxic threat posed by those products. The results show that the burner can be employed to represent various fire-load conditions and that the methodology developed for fire containment can be useful in evaluating the fire resistance of composite panels before conducting large-scale tests. It is concluded that elements of the fire-containment criteria include the temperature rise on the backface of the panels as a function of time, the flame burn-through by either decomposition or severe distortion of the material, and the toxicity of the combustion gases evolved.

Numerical simulations of porous medium with different permeabilities and positions in a laterally-heated cylindrical enclosure for crystal growth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Enayati, Hooman; Braun, Minel J.; Chandy, Abhilash J.

2018-02-01

This paper presents an investigation of flow and heat transfer in a large diameter (6.25 in) cylindrical enclosure heated laterally and containing a porous block that simulates the basket of nutrients used in a crystal growth reactor. The numerical model entails the use of a commercially available computational engine provided by ANSYS FLUENT, and based on a two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations. The porous medium is simulated using the Brinkman-extended model accounting for the Darcy and Forchheimer induced pressure drops. The porous 'plug' effects are analyzed as both its permeability/inertial resistance and locations in the reactor are changed on a parametric basis, while the Rayleigh number (Ra = gβΔTL3/να) is kept constant at 1.98 × 109. Additionally, the effect of different ratios of the hot to the cold zone lengths are investigated as a part of the current effort. For all cases, the velocity and temperature distributions in the reactor are analyzed together with the flow patterns in, and around the porous block. A comprehensive discussion is provided with regard to the effects of the position of the porous block and its permeability on both the immediately adjacent, and far flows. The consequences on the temperature distribution in the enclosure, when the ratio of the length of the hot-to-cold zones is changed, are also analyzed.

50 CFR 14.142 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Wild Mammals and Birds to the United States Specifications for Elephants and Ungulates § 14.142 Primary... shall be located on the upper one-half of the primary enclosure. (b) No more than one elephant or... case of land or sea transport, a pair of juvenile elephants or ungulates or other pairs that have been...

50 CFR 14.142 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Wild Mammals and Birds to the United States Specifications for Elephants and Ungulates § 14.142 Primary... shall be located on the upper one-half of the primary enclosure. (b) No more than one elephant or... case of land or sea transport, a pair of juvenile elephants or ungulates or other pairs that have been...

50 CFR 14.142 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Wild Mammals and Birds to the United States Specifications for Elephants and Ungulates § 14.142 Primary... shall be located on the upper one-half of the primary enclosure. (b) No more than one elephant or... case of land or sea transport, a pair of juvenile elephants or ungulates or other pairs that have been...

50 CFR 14.142 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Wild Mammals and Birds to the United States Specifications for Elephants and Ungulates § 14.142 Primary... shall be located on the upper one-half of the primary enclosure. (b) No more than one elephant or... case of land or sea transport, a pair of juvenile elephants or ungulates or other pairs that have been...

50 CFR 14.142 - Primary enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Wild Mammals and Birds to the United States Specifications for Elephants and Ungulates § 14.142 Primary... shall be located on the upper one-half of the primary enclosure. (b) No more than one elephant or... case of land or sea transport, a pair of juvenile elephants or ungulates or other pairs that have been...

46 CFR 193.15-35 - Enclosure openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 193.15-35 Enclosure openings. (a) Where mechanical ventilation is provided for spaces which are protected by carbon dioxide extinguishing systems provisions... to that space. (b) Where natural ventilation is provided for spaces protected by a carbon dioxide...

46 CFR 193.15-35 - Enclosure openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide and Clean Agent Extinguishing Systems, Details § 193.15-35 Enclosure openings. (a) Where mechanical ventilation is provided for spaces which are protected by carbon dioxide extinguishing... carbon dioxide extinguishing system, provisions shall be made for easily and effectively closing off the...

46 CFR 193.15-35 - Enclosure openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide and Clean Agent Extinguishing Systems, Details § 193.15-35 Enclosure openings. (a) Where mechanical ventilation is provided for spaces which are protected by carbon dioxide extinguishing... carbon dioxide extinguishing system, provisions shall be made for easily and effectively closing off the...

46 CFR 193.15-35 - Enclosure openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 193.15-35 Enclosure openings. (a) Where mechanical ventilation is provided for spaces which are protected by carbon dioxide extinguishing systems provisions... to that space. (b) Where natural ventilation is provided for spaces protected by a carbon dioxide...

46 CFR 76.15-35 - Enclosure openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.15-35 Enclosure openings. (a) Where mechanical ventilation is provided for spaces other than cargo and similar spaces which are protected by a carbon dioxide... protected by a carbon dioxide extinguishing system, provisions shall be made for easily and effectively...

30 CFR 56.12025 - Grounding circuit enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Grounding circuit enclosures. 56.12025 Section 56.12025 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Electricity...

30 CFR 56.12025 - Grounding circuit enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Grounding circuit enclosures. 56.12025 Section 56.12025 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Electricity...

30 CFR 56.12025 - Grounding circuit enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Grounding circuit enclosures. 56.12025 Section 56.12025 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Electricity...

30 CFR 56.12025 - Grounding circuit enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Grounding circuit enclosures. 56.12025 Section 56.12025 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Electricity...

30 CFR 56.12025 - Grounding circuit enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Grounding circuit enclosures. 56.12025 Section 56.12025 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Electricity...

46 CFR 76.15-35 - Enclosure openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.15-35 Enclosure openings. (a) Where mechanical ventilation is provided for spaces other than cargo and similar spaces which are protected by a carbon dioxide... protected by a carbon dioxide extinguishing system, provisions shall be made for easily and effectively...

46 CFR 76.15-35 - Enclosure openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.15-35 Enclosure openings. (a) Where mechanical ventilation is provided for spaces other than cargo and similar spaces which are protected by a carbon dioxide... protected by a carbon dioxide extinguishing system, provisions shall be made for easily and effectively...

46 CFR 76.15-35 - Enclosure openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.15-35 Enclosure openings. (a) Where mechanical ventilation is provided for spaces other than cargo and similar spaces which are protected by a carbon dioxide... protected by a carbon dioxide extinguishing system, provisions shall be made for easily and effectively...

46 CFR 76.15-35 - Enclosure openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.15-35 Enclosure openings. (a) Where mechanical ventilation is provided for spaces other than cargo and similar spaces which are protected by a carbon dioxide... protected by a carbon dioxide extinguishing system, provisions shall be made for easily and effectively...

Thermally induced rarefied gas flow in a three-dimensional enclosure with square cross-section

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Lianhua; Yang, Xiaofan; Guo, Zhaoli

2017-12-01

Rarefied gas flow in a three-dimensional enclosure induced by nonuniform temperature distribution is numerically investigated. The enclosure has a square channel-like geometry with alternatively heated closed ends and lateral walls with a linear temperature distribution. A recently proposed implicit discrete velocity method with a memory reduction technique is used to numerically simulate the problem based on the nonlinear Shakhov kinetic equation. The Knudsen number dependencies of the vortices pattern, slip velocity at the planar walls and edges, and heat transfer are investigated. The influences of the temperature ratio imposed at the ends of the enclosure and the geometric aspect ratio are also evaluated. The overall flow pattern shows similarities with those observed in two-dimensional configurations in literature. However, features due to the three-dimensionality are observed with vortices that are not identified in previous studies on similar two-dimensional enclosures at high Knudsen and small aspect ratios.

InfuShield: a shielded enclosure for administering therapeutic radioisotope treatments using standard syringe pumps

PubMed Central

Pratt, Brenda E.; Chittenden, Sarah J.; Murray, Iain S.; Causer, Louise; Grey, Matthew J.; Gear, Jonathan I.; Du, Yong; Flux, Glenn D.

2017-01-01

The administration of radionuclide therapies presents significant radiation protection challenges. The aim of this work was to develop a delivery system for intravenous radioisotope therapies to substantially moderate radiation exposures to staff and operators. A novel device (InfuShield) was designed and tested before being used clinically. The device consists of a shielded enclosure which contains the therapeutic activity and, through the hydraulic action of back-to-back syringes, allows the activity to be administered using a syringe pump external to the enclosure. This enables full access to the pump controls while simultaneously reducing dose to the operator. The system is suitable for use with all commercially available syringe pumps and does not require specific consumables, maximising both the flexibility and economy of the system. Dose rate measurements showed that at key stages in an 131I mIBG treatment procedure, InfuShield can reduce dose to operators by several orders of magnitude. Tests using typical syringes and infusion speeds show no significant alteration in administered flow rates (maximum of 1.2%). The InfuShield system provides a simple, safe and low cost method of radioisotope administration. PMID:28187040

The Development of Lightweight Electronics Enclosures for Space Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fenske, Matthew T.; Barth, Jane L.; Didion, Jeffrey R.; Mule, Peter

1999-01-01

This paper outlines the end to end effort to produce lightweight electronics enclosures for NASA GSFC electronics applications with the end goal of presenting an array of lightweight box options for a flight opportunity. Topics including the development of requirements, design of three different boxes, utilization of advanced materials and processes, and analysis and test will be discussed. Three different boxes were developed independently and in parallel. A lightweight machined Aluminum box, a cast Aluminum box and a composite box were designed, fabricated, and tested both mechanically and thermally. There were many challenges encountered in meeting the requirements with a non-metallic enclosure and the development of the composite box employed several innovative techniques.

9 CFR 3.14 - Primary enclosures used to transport live dogs and cats.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... live dogs and cats. 3.14 Section 3.14 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... without tilting it, and ensure that anyone handling the enclosure will not come into physical contact with... enclosure is nontoxic to the animal and not harmful to the health or well-being of the animal; (8) Proper...

9 CFR 3.14 - Primary enclosures used to transport live dogs and cats.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... live dogs and cats. 3.14 Section 3.14 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... without tilting it, and ensure that anyone handling the enclosure will not come into physical contact with... enclosure is nontoxic to the animal and not harmful to the health or well-being of the animal; (8) Proper...

9 CFR 3.14 - Primary enclosures used to transport live dogs and cats.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... live dogs and cats. 3.14 Section 3.14 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... without tilting it, and ensure that anyone handling the enclosure will not come into physical contact with... enclosure is nontoxic to the animal and not harmful to the health or well-being of the animal; (8) Proper...

Application of the relative energy release criteria to enclosure fire testing. [aircraft compartments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roschke, E. J.; Coulbert, C. D.

1979-01-01

The five relative energy release criteria (RERC) which are a first step towards formulating a unified concept that can be applied to the development of fires in enclosures, place upper bounds on the rate and amount of energy released during a fire. They are independent, calculated readily, and may be applied generally to any enclosure regardless of size. They are useful in pretest planning and for interpreting experimental data. Data from several specific fire test programs were examined to evaluate the potential use of RERC to provide test planning guidelines. The RERC were compared with experimental data obtained in full-scale enclosures. These results confirm that in general the RERC do identify the proper limiting constraints on enclosure fire development and determine the bounds of the fire development envelope. Plotting actual fire data against the RERC reveals new valid insights into fire behavior and reveals the controlling constraints in fire development. The RERC were calculated and plotted for several descrpitions of full-scale fires in various aircraft compartments.

46 CFR 95.15-35 - Enclosure openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.15-35 Enclosure openings. (a) Where mechanical ventilation is provided for spaces other than cargo and similar spaces which are protected by a carbon dioxide... protected by a carbon dioxide extinguishing system, provisions shall be made for easily and effectively...

46 CFR 95.15-35 - Enclosure openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.15-35 Enclosure openings. (a) Where mechanical ventilation is provided for spaces other than cargo and similar spaces which are protected by a carbon dioxide... protected by a carbon dioxide extinguishing system, provisions shall be made for easily and effectively...

46 CFR 95.15-35 - Enclosure openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.15-35 Enclosure openings. (a) Where mechanical ventilation is provided for spaces other than cargo and similar spaces which are protected by a carbon dioxide... protected by a carbon dioxide extinguishing system, provisions shall be made for easily and effectively...

NASA Animal Enclosure Module Mouse Odor Containment Study for STS-107 September 15, 1999;SJSU Odor Panel Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holley, Daniel C.; Mele, Gary D.; Poffenroth, Mary; Young, Cliff

2000-01-01

Experiment #153 by Scott Brady is manifested for shuttle flight STS-107. This evaluation of space flight induced stress and its effects on neuronal plasticity will use 18 six month old C57Bl/6 male mice. A 21 day evaluation study was proposed to determine the length of time groups of 6, 9, or 12 mice could be housed in the Animal Enclosure Module (AEM) without odor breakthrough. This study was performed at NASA-Ames Research Center beginning on September 15, 1999. NASA personnel, were responsible for animal care, maintenance, facilities, hardware, etc. San Jose State personnel performed the odor panel evaluations and data reduction. We used similar procedures and methods for earlier tests evaluating female mice.

30 CFR 75.701 - Grounding metallic frames, casings, and other enclosures of electric equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Grounding metallic frames, casings, and other... Grounding § 75.701 Grounding metallic frames, casings, and other enclosures of electric equipment. [Statutory Provisions] Metallic frames, casings, and other enclosures of electric equipment that can become...

Captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) behavior as a function of space per animal and enclosure type.

PubMed

Neal Webb, Sarah J; Hau, Jann; Schapiro, Steven J

2018-03-01

Space per animal, or animal density, and enclosure type are important elements of functionally appropriate captive environments (FACEs) for chimpanzees. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends that captive chimpanzees be maintained in areas of >250 ft 2 /animal. Several studies have investigated chimpanzee behavior in relation to space per animal, but only two studies have examined these variables while attempting to hold environmental complexity constant. Both have found few, if any, significant differences in behavior associated with increased space per animal. The NIH does not provide recommendations pertaining to enclosure type. Although Primadomes™ and corrals are considered acceptable FACE housing, no studies have investigated chimpanzee behavior in relation to these two common types of enclosures. We examined the NIH space per animal recommendation, and the effects of enclosure type, while maintaining similar levels of environmental complexity. We used focal animal observations to record the behavior of 22 chimpanzees in three social groups following within-facility housing transfers. Chimpanzees that were moved from an area with space below the NIH recommendation to the same type of enclosure with space above the recommendation (dome to double dome) exhibited significantly more locomotion and behavioral diversity post-transfer. Chimpanzees that were moved from an area with space below the recommendation to a different type of enclosure with space above the recommendation (dome to corral) exhibited significant increases in foraging and behavioral diversity, and a decrease in rough scratching. Lastly, chimpanzees that were moved from an area above the recommendation to a different enclosure type with space equal to the recommendation (corral to double dome) exhibited an increase in behavioral diversity. These results add to the body of literature that addresses the concept of specific minimum space requirements per chimpanzee, and highlight the

Interspecific interactions between brown trout and slimy sculpin in stream enclosures

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ruetz, C. R.; Hurford, A.L.; Vondracek, B.

2003-01-01

We conducted a 30-d manipulative experiment in Valley Creek, Minnesota, to examine interspecific interactions between juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta and adult slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus. We measured the instantaneous growth of each species in the presence and absence of the other in 1-m2 enclosures. We tested single-species (three slimy sculpins/m2 or three brown trout/m2) and combined-species (three sculpins/m2 and three trout/m2) combinations in each of six riffles. We placed a clay tile in each enclosure to evaluate the effects of fish combinations on benthic macroinvertebrates. Growth of brown trout was unaffected by the presence of slimy sculpins (P = 0.647, power [to detect 50% increase in growth] = 0.92), whereas slimy sculpin growth was less in the presence of brown trout (P = 0.038). Densities of total benthic macroinvertebrates, Chironomidae, Trichoptera, and Physa did not differ among fish combinations (P > 0.3). However, densities of Gammarus pseudolimnaeus were significantly less in the presence of brown trout irrespective of the presence of slimy sculpins (P = 0.024), which could be a causal factor underlying the interaction between brown trout and slimy sculpins. We found asymmetrical competition between brown trout and slimy sculpins in stream enclosures, with brown trout being the superior competitor. Nevertheless, the size of enclosures may have biased our results, making it more likely to detect an effect of brown trout on slimy sculpins than vice versa.

LOFT. Containment and service building (TAN650). Section through east/west axis ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

LOFT. Containment and service building (TAN-650). Section through east/west axis of building as viewed from the north. Shows steel ladder to top of dome, gable roof of borated water tank enclosure, pumice block siding of pre-amp tower, metal siding of duct enclosure. Kaiser engineers 6413-11-STEP/LOFT-650-A-6. Date: October 1964. INEEL index code no. 036-650-00-486-122218 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Area North, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Design and upgrades for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey telescope's roll-off enclosure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leger, R. French; Long, Dan; Klaene, Mark A.

2003-02-01

The SDSS telescope is housed, when not in use, in a roll-off enclosure. This enclosure rolls away from the telescope a distance of 60 feet, leaving the telescope fully exposed for operations. Design considerations for wind and solar loading, thermal venting, conditioning and stability are reviewed. Originally, the enclosure had been constructed to minimize its surface area obstruction to the telescopes field of view. This design feature, however, offered little room to perform engineering tasks during non-operational time. An upgrade to the structure, in the form of raising the roof, was instituted. This improvement greatly enhanced the engineering and testing functions performed on the telescope, thereby increasing operational efficiency and the time allotted to engineering tasks. Problems maintaining and associated with weather sealing, lightning protection, truck wheel alignment, altitude effects on truck controllers and thermal conditioning are examined. Communication and electrical connections between stationary and moving elements of the enclosure are described. Two types of systems, to date, have been used one a reel and the other a slider system. Advantages and disadvantages of both are examined from the perspective of four years experience.

Productivity of a coral reef using boundary layer and enclosure methods

USGS Publications Warehouse

McGillis, W.R.; Langdon, C.; Loose, B.; Yates, K.K.; Corredor, Jorge

2011-01-01

The metabolism of Cayo Enrique Reef, Puerto Rico, was studied using in situ methods during March 2009. Benthic O2 fluxes were used to calculate net community production using both the boundary layer gradient and enclosure techniques. The boundary layer O2 gradient and the drag coefficients were used to calculate productivity ranging from -12.3 to 13.7 mmol O2 m-2 h-1. Productivity measurements from the enclosure method ranged from -11.0 to 12.9 mmol O2 m-2 h-1. During the study, the mean hourly difference between the methods was 0.65 mmol O2 m-2 h-1 (r2 = 0.92), resulting in well-reconciled estimates of net community production between the boundary layer (-33.1 mmol m-2 d-1) and enclosure (-46.3 mmol m-2 d-1) techniques. The results of these independent approaches corroborate quantified rates of metabolism at Cayo Enrique Reef. Close agreement between methods demonstrates that boundary layer measurements can provide near real-time assessments of coral reef health.

Productivity of a coral reef using boundary layer and enclosure methods

USGS Publications Warehouse

McGillis, W.R.; Langdon, C.; Loose, B.; Yates, K.K.; Corredor, J.

2011-01-01

The metabolism of Cayo Enrique Reef, Puerto Rico, was studied using in situ methods during March 2009. Benthic O2 fluxes were used to calculate net community production using both the boundary layer gradient and enclosure techniques. The boundary layer O2 gradient and the drag coefficients were used to calculate productivity ranging from -12.3 to 13.7 mmol O 2 m-2 h-1. Productivity measurements from the enclosure method ranged from -11.0 to 12.9 mmol O2 m-2 h-1. During the study, the mean hourly difference between the methods was 0.65 mmol O2 m-2 h-1 (r2 = 0.92), resulting in well-reconciled estimates of net community production between the boundary layer (-33.1 mmol m-2 d-1) and enclosure (-46.3 mmol m-2 d-1) techniques. The results of these independent approaches corroborate quantified rates of metabolism at Cayo Enrique Reef. Close agreement between methods demonstrates that boundary layer measurements can provide near real-time assessments of coral reef health. Copyright ?? 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.

Whole-tree canopy enclosures: why cage a tree?

Treesearch

Jerome F. Grant; Abdul Hakeem; Paris L. Lambdin; Gregory J. Wiggins; Rusty J. Rhea

2011-01-01

The use of whole-tree canopy enclosures (i.e., cages) is not a typical approach to assessing biological parameters and interactions in a forest setting. However, the successful application of this technology may enable researchers to better understand certain types of tree/organismal interactions.

Enclosure fire hazard analysis using relative energy release criteria. [burning rate and combustion control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coulbert, C. D.

1978-01-01

A method for predicting the probable course of fire development in an enclosure is presented. This fire modeling approach uses a graphic plot of five fire development constraints, the relative energy release criteria (RERC), to bound the heat release rates in an enclosure as a function of time. The five RERC are flame spread rate, fuel surface area, ventilation, enclosure volume, and total fuel load. They may be calculated versus time based on the specified or empirical conditions describing the specific enclosure, the fuel type and load, and the ventilation. The calculation of these five criteria, using the common basis of energy release rates versus time, provides a unifying framework for the utilization of available experimental data from all phases of fire development. The plot of these criteria reveals the probable fire development envelope and indicates which fire constraint will be controlling during a criteria time period. Examples of RERC application to fire characterization and control and to hazard analysis are presented along with recommendations for the further development of the concept.

46 CFR 111.01-11 - Corrosion-resistant parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Corrosion-resistant parts. 111.01-11 Section 111.01-11 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS General § 111.01-11 Corrosion-resistant parts. Each enclosure and part of electric...

46 CFR 111.01-11 - Corrosion-resistant parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Corrosion-resistant parts. 111.01-11 Section 111.01-11 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS General § 111.01-11 Corrosion-resistant parts. Each enclosure and part of electric...

46 CFR 111.01-11 - Corrosion-resistant parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Corrosion-resistant parts. 111.01-11 Section 111.01-11 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS General § 111.01-11 Corrosion-resistant parts. Each enclosure and part of electric...

46 CFR 111.01-11 - Corrosion-resistant parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Corrosion-resistant parts. 111.01-11 Section 111.01-11 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS General § 111.01-11 Corrosion-resistant parts. Each enclosure and part of electric...

46 CFR 111.01-11 - Corrosion-resistant parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Corrosion-resistant parts. 111.01-11 Section 111.01-11 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS General § 111.01-11 Corrosion-resistant parts. Each enclosure and part of electric...

Recovering and Mining Asteroids with a Gas-Sealed Enclosure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jenniskens, P.; Damer, B.; Norkus, R.; Pilotz, S.; Grigsby, B.; Adams, C.; Blair, B. R.

2015-01-01

The internal structure of weakly consolidated rubble piles and primitive asteroids can be studied closer to home, and such asteroids can be mined, if it is possible to create a gas-sealed enclosure around the asteroid.

Persistence and distribution of 4-nonylphenol in water, sediment, macrophytes, and wall material of littoral enclosures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Heinis, L.J.; Tunell, R.; Liber, K.

1994-12-31

Eighteen enclosures (5 m x 10 m) were constructed in the littoral zone of a 2-ha pond near Duluth, MN. Each enclosure consisted of 5 m of natural shoreline and three walls of an inert plastic. The enclosures had an average surface area of 31.9 m{sup 2} , an average depth of 0.6 m and an average water volume of 33.1 m{sup 3}. The enclosure waters were treated with the alkyl phenol ethoxylate precursor and degradation product 4-nonylphenol. Application was accomplished by sub-surface injection over a 20-day period with a 2 day frequency. Nominal aqueous concentrations were 0, 3, 30,more » 100 and 300 {mu}g/L. Concentrations of 4-nonylphenol were monitored during and after application in the water, sediment, macrophytes, and enclosure wall material. Average maximum water concentrations ranged from 96.5% of nominal to 62.0% of nominal and average minimum water concentrations ranged from 33.3% of nominal to 29.5% of nominal during the application period. Water concentrations decreased exponentially after application ended. Sediment concentrations during the application period were constant from 8 to 20 d and peak concentrations occurred 48 d after application began. Macrophyte concentrations peaked 21 d after initial application with a steady decline through 76 d. Enclosure wall material concentrations reached a peak 3 h before the final application. A gradual decline occurred until 34 d after initial application followed by a more rapid dissipation.« less

DKIST enclosure modeling and verification during factory assembly and testing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Larrakoetxea, Ibon; McBride, William; Marshall, Heather K.; Murga, Gaizka

2014-08-01

The Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST, formerly the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope, ATST) is unique as, apart from protecting the telescope and its instrumentation from the weather, it holds the entrance aperture stop and is required to position it with millimeter-level accuracy. The compliance of the Enclosure design with the requirements, as of Final Design Review in January 2012, was supported by mathematical models and other analyses which included structural and mechanical analyses (FEA), control models, ventilation analysis (CFD), thermal models, reliability analysis, etc. During the Enclosure Factory Assembly and Testing the compliance with the requirements has been verified using the real hardware and the models created during the design phase have been revisited. The tests performed during shutter mechanism subsystem (crawler test stand) functional and endurance testing (completed summer 2013) and two comprehensive system-level factory acceptance testing campaigns (FAT#1 in December 2013 and FAT#2 in March 2014) included functional and performance tests on all mechanisms, off-normal mode tests, mechanism wobble tests, creation of the Enclosure pointing map, control system tests, and vibration tests. The comparison of the assumptions used during the design phase with the properties measured during the test campaign provides an interesting reference for future projects.

Radiant heat exchange calculations in radiantly heated and cooled enclosures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chapman, K.S.; Zhang, P.

1995-08-01

This paper presents the development of a three-dimensional mathematical model to compute the radiant heat exchange between surfaces separated by a transparent and/or opaque medium. The model formulation accommodates arbitrary arrangements of the interior surfaces, as well as arbitrary placement of obstacles within the enclosure. The discrete ordinates radiation model is applied and has the capability to analyze the effect of irregular geometries and diverse surface temperatures and radiative properties. The model is verified by comparing calculated heat transfer rates to heat transfer rates determined from the exact radiosity method for four different enclosures. The four enclosures were selected tomore » provide a wide range of verification. This three-dimensional model based on the discrete ordinates method can be applied to a building to assist the design engineer in sizing a radiant heating system. By coupling this model with a convective and conductive heat transfer model and a thermal comfort model, the comfort levels throughout the room can be easily and efficiently mapped for a given radiant heater location. In addition, objects such as airplanes, trucks, furniture, and partitions can be easily incorporated to determine their effect on the performance of the radiant heating system.« less

43 CFR 9239.2 - Unlawful enclosures or occupancy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Unlawful enclosures or occupancy. 9239.2 Section 9239.2 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TECHNICAL SERVICES (9000) TRESPASS Kinds of Trespass § 9239.2 Unlawful...

43 CFR 9239.2 - Unlawful enclosures or occupancy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Unlawful enclosures or occupancy. 9239.2 Section 9239.2 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TECHNICAL SERVICES (9000) TRESPASS Kinds of Trespass § 9239.2 Unlawful...

43 CFR 9239.2 - Unlawful enclosures or occupancy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Unlawful enclosures or occupancy. 9239.2 Section 9239.2 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TECHNICAL SERVICES (9000) TRESPASS Kinds of Trespass § 9239.2 Unlawful...

43 CFR 9239.2 - Unlawful enclosures or occupancy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Unlawful enclosures or occupancy. 9239.2 Section 9239.2 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TECHNICAL SERVICES (9000) TRESPASS Kinds of Trespass § 9239.2 Unlawful...

Enclosure Then and Now: Rural Schools and Communities in the Wake of Market-Driven Agriculture

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Theobald, Paul; Rochon, Ronald S.

2006-01-01

The following is an historically-based analysis of a new phenomenon affecting rural schools and communities: animal confinement operations. A contrast is made between "enclosure" as it unfolded in England a few centuries ago and the way animal concentration units constitute a second, "modern" form of enclosure today. In both…

Detail of urinal enclosure on north side of Machine Shop ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Detail of urinal enclosure on north side of Machine Shop (Bldg. 163) - Atchison, Topeka, Santa Fe Railroad, Albuquerque Shops, Machine Shop, 908 Second Street, Southwest, Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, NM

Potential arsenic exposures in 25 species of zoo animals living in CCA-wood enclosures.

PubMed

Gress, J; da Silva, E B; de Oliveira, L M; Zhao, Di; Anderson, G; Heard, D; Stuchal, L D; Ma, L Q

2016-05-01

Animal enclosures are often constructed from wood treated with the pesticide chromated copper arsenate (CCA), which leaches arsenic (As) into adjacent soil during normal weathering. This study evaluated potential pathways of As exposure in 25 species of zoo animals living in CCA-wood enclosures. We analyzed As speciation in complete animal foods, dislodgeable As from CCA-wood, and As levels in enclosure soils, as well as As levels in biomarkers of 9 species of crocodilians (eggs), 4 species of birds (feathers), 1 primate species (hair), and 1 porcupine species (quills). Elevated soil As in samples from 17 enclosures was observed at 1.0-110mg/kg, and enclosures housing threatened and endangered species had As levels higher than USEPA's risk-based Eco-SSL for birds and mammals of 43 and 46mg/kg. Wipe samples of CCA-wood on which primates sit had dislodgeable As residues of 4.6-111μg/100cm(2), typical of unsealed CCA-wood. Inorganic As doses from animal foods were estimated at 0.22-7.8μg/kg bw/d. Some As levels in bird feathers and crocodilian eggs were higher than prior studies on wild species. However, hair from marmosets had 6.37mg/kg As, 30-fold greater than the reference value, possibly due to their inability to methylate inorganic As. Our data suggested that elevated As in soils and dislodgeable As from CCA-wood could be important sources of As exposure for zoo animals. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Thermal Transmission through Existing Building Enclosures: Destructive Monitoring in Intermediate Layers versus Non-Destructive Monitoring with Sensors on Surfaces

PubMed Central

Echarri, Víctor; Espinosa, Almudena; Rizo, Carlos

2017-01-01

Opaque enclosures of buildings play an essential role in the level of comfort experienced indoors and annual energy demand. The impact of solar radiation and thermal inertia of the materials that make up the multi-layer enclosures substantially modify thermal transmittance behaviour of the enclosures. This dynamic form of heat transfer, additionally affected by indoor HVAC systems, has a substantial effect on the parameters that define comfort. It also has an impact on energy demand within a daily cycle as well as throughout a one-year use cycle. This study describes the destructive monitoring of an existing block of flats located in Alicante. Once the enclosure was opened, sensors of temperature (PT100), air velocity, and relative humidity were located in the different layers of the enclosure, as well as in the interior and exterior surfaces. A pyranometer was also installed to measure solar radiation levels. A temperature data correction algorithm was drawn up to address irregularities produced in the enclosure. The algorithm was applied using a Raspberry Pi processor in the data collection system. The comparative results of temperature gradients versus non-destructive monitoring systems are presented, providing measures of the transmittance value, surface temperatures and indoor and outdoor air temperatures. This remote sensing system can be used in future studies to quantify and compare the energy savings of different enclosure construction solutions. PMID:29292781

Thermal Transmission through Existing Building Enclosures: Destructive Monitoring in Intermediate Layers versus Non-Destructive Monitoring with Sensors on Surfaces.

PubMed

Echarri, Víctor; Espinosa, Almudena; Rizo, Carlos

2017-12-08

Opaque enclosures of buildings play an essential role in the level of comfort experienced indoors and annual energy demand. The impact of solar radiation and thermal inertia of the materials that make up the multi-layer enclosures substantially modify thermal transmittance behaviour of the enclosures. This dynamic form of heat transfer, additionally affected by indoor HVAC systems, has a substantial effect on the parameters that define comfort. It also has an impact on energy demand within a daily cycle as well as throughout a one-year use cycle. This study describes the destructive monitoring of an existing block of flats located in Alicante. Once the enclosure was opened, sensors of temperature (PT100), air velocity, and relative humidity were located in the different layers of the enclosure, as well as in the interior and exterior surfaces. A pyranometer was also installed to measure solar radiation levels. A temperature data correction algorithm was drawn up to address irregularities produced in the enclosure. The algorithm was applied using a Raspberry Pi processor in the data collection system. The comparative results of temperature gradients versus non-destructive monitoring systems are presented, providing measures of the transmittance value, surface temperatures and indoor and outdoor air temperatures. This remote sensing system can be used in future studies to quantify and compare the energy savings of different enclosure construction solutions.

Thermosolutal convection in high-aspect-ratio enclosures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, L. W.; Chen, C. T.

1988-01-01

Convection in high-aspect-ratio rectangular enclosures with combined horizontal temperature and concentration gradients is studied experimentally. An electrochemical system is employed to impose the concentration gradients. The solutal buoyancy force either opposes or augments the thermal buoyancy force. Due to a large difference between the thermal and solutal diffusion rates the flow possesses double-diffusive characteristics. Various complex flow patterns are observed with different experimental conditions.

30 CFR 18.31 - Enclosures-joints and fastenings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... square inch (gage). Castings shall be free from blowholes. (2) Welded joints forming an enclosure shall... portion are acceptable in lieu of a head or shoulder, but cotter pins and similar devices shall not be... attaching hose conduit, unless energy carried by the cable is intrinsically safe. (c) No assembly will be...

30 CFR 18.31 - Enclosures-joints and fastenings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... square inch (gage). Castings shall be free from blowholes. (2) Welded joints forming an enclosure shall... portion are acceptable in lieu of a head or shoulder, but cotter pins and similar devices shall not be... attaching hose conduit, unless energy carried by the cable is intrinsically safe. (c) No assembly will be...

30 CFR 18.31 - Enclosures-joints and fastenings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... square inch (gage). Castings shall be free from blowholes. (2) Welded joints forming an enclosure shall... portion are acceptable in lieu of a head or shoulder, but cotter pins and similar devices shall not be... attaching hose conduit, unless energy carried by the cable is intrinsically safe. (c) No assembly will be...

41. AUXILIARY CHAMBER, CONCRETE ENCLOSURE CHAMBER AIR LOCK (EXTERIOR), LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

41. AUXILIARY CHAMBER, CONCRETE ENCLOSURE CHAMBER AIR LOCK (EXTERIOR), LOOKING NORTHEAST FROM SOUTHWEST CORNER (LOCATION AAA) - Shippingport Atomic Power Station, On Ohio River, 25 miles Northwest of Pittsburgh, Shippingport, Beaver County, PA

30 CFR 18.98 - Enclosures, joints, and fastenings; pressure testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... consistent with unyielding components during a pressure-time history as derived from a series of oscillograms...; pressure testing. (a) Cast or welded enclosures shall be designed to withstand a minimum internal pressure...

30 CFR 18.98 - Enclosures, joints, and fastenings; pressure testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... consistent with unyielding components during a pressure-time history as derived from a series of oscillograms...; pressure testing. (a) Cast or welded enclosures shall be designed to withstand a minimum internal pressure...

30 CFR 18.98 - Enclosures, joints, and fastenings; pressure testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... consistent with unyielding components during a pressure-time history as derived from a series of oscillograms...; pressure testing. (a) Cast or welded enclosures shall be designed to withstand a minimum internal pressure...

30 CFR 18.98 - Enclosures, joints, and fastenings; pressure testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... consistent with unyielding components during a pressure-time history as derived from a series of oscillograms...; pressure testing. (a) Cast or welded enclosures shall be designed to withstand a minimum internal pressure...

30 CFR 18.98 - Enclosures, joints, and fastenings; pressure testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... consistent with unyielding components during a pressure-time history as derived from a series of oscillograms...; pressure testing. (a) Cast or welded enclosures shall be designed to withstand a minimum internal pressure...

44. AUXILIARY CHAMBER BETWEEN CHAMBER AND CONCRETE ENCLOSURE (LOCATION CCC), ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

44. AUXILIARY CHAMBER BETWEEN CHAMBER AND CONCRETE ENCLOSURE (LOCATION CCC), LOOKING NORTHEAST SHOWING DRAIN PIPE FROM SUMP - Shippingport Atomic Power Station, On Ohio River, 25 miles Northwest of Pittsburgh, Shippingport, Beaver County, PA

Modeling of influencing parameters in active noise control on an enclosure wall

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tarabini, Marco; Roure, Alain

2008-04-01

This paper investigates, by means of a numerical model, the possibility of using an active noise barrier to virtually reduce the acoustic transparency of a partition wall inside an enclosure. The room is modeled with the image method as a rectangular enclosure with a stationary point source; the active barrier is set up by an array of loudspeakers and error microphones and is meant to minimize the squared sound pressure on a wall with the use of a decentralized control. Simulations investigate the effects of the enclosure characteristics and of the barrier geometric parameters on the sound pressure attenuation on the controlled partition, on the whole enclosure potential energy and on the diagonal control stability. Performances are analyzed in a frequency range of 25-300 Hz at discrete 25 Hz steps. Influencing parameters and their effects on the system performances are identified with a statistical inference procedure. Simulation results have shown that it is possible to averagely reduce the sound pressure on the controlled partition. In the investigated configuration, the surface attenuation and the diagonal control stability are mainly driven by the distance between the loudspeakers and the error microphones and by the loudspeakers directivity; minor effects are due to the distance between the error microphones and the wall, by the wall reflectivity and by the active barrier grid meshing. Room dimensions and source position have negligible effects. Experimental results point out the validity of the model and the efficiency of the barrier in the reduction of the wall acoustic transparency.

Gray squirrels reproduce in a 2-acre enclosure

Treesearch

H. Reed Sanderson; Larry A. Berry

1973-01-01

A 2-acre enclosure was built in a 40-year-old hardwood stand, and 5 to 19 gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) were confined in it during 3 years. Reproductive behavior of the squirrels was the same at all population densities, but densities above 12 may have reduced productivity. For 10 to 12 squirrels, behavior was about normal and productivity...

Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission scientific instrument protective enclosure design requirements and contamination controls

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hansen, Patricia A.; Hughes, David W.; Hedgeland, Randy J.; Chivatero, Craig J.; Studer, Robert J.; Kostos, Peter J.

1994-01-01

The Scientific Instrument Protective Enclosures were designed for the Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Missions to provide a beginning environment to a Scientific Instrument during ground and on orbit activities. The Scientific Instruments required very stringent surface cleanliness and molecular outgassing levels to maintain ultraviolet performance. Data from the First Servicing Mission verified that both the Scientific Instruments and Scientific Instrument Protective Enclosures met surface cleanliness level requirements during ground and on-orbit activities.

Effects of repeated exposure to 4-nonylphenol on the zooplankton community in littoral enclosures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

O`Halloran, S.L.; Liber, K.; Gangl, J.A.

1999-03-01

The effects of 4-nonylphenol (NP) on freshwater zooplankton were evaluated in 18 littoral enclosure mesocosms in northeastern Minnesota. The 18 enclosures were allocated to three blocks of six units with each block including two untreated control enclosures and one enclosure for each of four NP treatments. Treated enclosures received 11 applications of NP over a 20-d period between July 8 and 28, 1993. Maximum NP concentrations measured in the water column 2 h after each application averaged ({+-} SD) 5 {+-} 4, 23 {+-} 11, 76 {+-} 21, and 243 {+-} 41 {micro}g/L over the 11 applications. Nonylphenol dissipated rapidlymore » from the water column but was more persistent in sediments and in/on macrophytes. All cladoceran and copepod taxa were significantly reduced in abundance at 243 {+-} 41 {micro}g/L; some sensitive taxa were also affected by 76 {+-} 21 and 23 {+-} 11 {micro}g/L. While many rotifer taxa were unaffected at any of the test concentrations, several were affected at {ge} 76 {+-} 21 {micro}g/L. Ostracods were only affected at 2,243 {+-} 41 {micro}g/L. No zooplankton taxon was affected at 5 {+-} 4 {micro}g/L. The period of maximum impact usually occurred within 1 to 7 d of the last NP application, and recovery to control abundance levels generally occurred within 7 to 28 d of the last NP application. Two sensitive taxa, Acroperus and Calanoida, did not recover at {ge} 76 {+-} 21 {micro}g/L by the end of the study. The maximum acceptable toxicant concentration for protection of all zooplankton taxa was estimated at {approximately} 10 {micro}g/L, although overall community diversity was unaffected at 23 {+-} 11. The water was the most probable route of NP exposure, but the greater persistence of NP residues in/on macrophytes may have contributed to the lack of recovery of some macrophyte-associated taxa.« less

Experimental Investigations on Two Potential Sound Diffuseness Measures in Enclosures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bai, Xin

This study investigates two different approaches to measure sound field diffuseness in enclosures from monophonic room impulse responses. One approach quantifies sound field diffuseness in enclosures by calculating the kurtosis of the pressure samples of room impulse responses. Kurtosis is a statistical measure that is known to describe the peakedness or tailedness of the distribution of a set of data. High kurtosis indicates low diffuseness of the sound field of interest. The other one relies on multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis which is a way to evaluate the statistical self-affinity of a signal to measure diffuseness. To test these two approaches, room impulse responses are obtained under varied room-acoustic diffuseness configurations, achieved by using varied degrees of diffusely reflecting interior surfaces. This paper will analyze experimentally measured monophonic room impulse responses, and discuss results from these two approaches.

Natural convection of Al2O3-water nanofluid in a wavy enclosure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leonard, Mitchell; Mozumder, Aloke K.; Mahmud, Shohel; Das, Prodip K.

2017-06-01

Natural convection heat transfer and fluid flow inside enclosures filled with fluids, such as air, water or oil, have been extensively analysed for thermal enhancement and optimisation due to their applications in many engineering problems, including solar collectors, electronic cooling, lubrication technologies, food processing and nuclear reactors. In comparison, little effort has been given to the problem of natural convection inside enclosures filled with nanofluids, while the addition of nanoparticles into a fluid base to alter thermal properties can be a feasible solution for many heat transfer problems. In this study, the problem of natural convection heat transfer and fluid flow inside a wavy enclosure filled with Al2O3-water nanofluid is investigated numerically using ANSYS-FLUENT. The effects of surface waviness and aspect ratio of the wavy enclosure on the heat transfer and fluid flow are analysed for various concentrations of Al2O3 nanoparticles in water. Flow fields and temperature fields are investigated and heat transfer rate is examined for different values of Rayleigh number. Results show that heat transfer within the enclosure can be enhanced by increasing surface waviness, aspect ratio or nanoparticles volume fraction. Changes in surface waviness have little effect on the heat transfer rate at low Rayleigh numbers, but when Ra ≥ 105 heat transfer increases with the increase of surface waviness from zero to higher values. Increasing the aspect ratio causes an increase in heat transfer rate, as the Rayleigh number increases the effect of changing aspect ratio is more apparent with the greatest heat transfer enhancement seen at higher Rayleigh numbers. Nanoparticles volume fraction has a little effect on the average Nusselt number at lower Rayleigh numbers when Ra ≥ 105 average Nusselt number increases with the increase of volume fraction. These findings provide insight into the heat transfer effects of using Al2O3-water nanofluid as a heat

Assessing the containment efficiency of a microbiological safety cabinet during the simultaneous generation of a nanoaerosol and a tracer gas.

PubMed

Cesard, V; Belut, E; Prevost, C; Taniere, A; Rimbert, N

2013-04-01

The intention of this article is to compare the containment performance of a Type II microbiological safety cabinet (MSC) confronted with the simultaneous generation of a saline nanoparticle aerosol and a tracer gas (SF(6)). The back dissemination coefficient, defined as the ratio of the pollutant concentration measured outside the enclosure to the pollutant flow rate emitted inside the enclosure, is calculated in order to quantify the level of protection of each airborne contaminant tested for three enclosure operating configurations: an initial configuration (without perturbations), a configuration exposing a dummy in front of the enclosure (simulation of an operator), and a configuration employing the movement of a plate in front of the enclosure (simulation of human movement). Based on the results of this study, we observed that nanoparticulate and gaseous behaviours are strongly correlated, thus showing the predominance of air-driven transport over particle-specific behaviour. The average level of protection afforded by the MSC was found systematically slightly higher for the nanoaerosol than for the gas in the studied configurations (emission properties of the source, operating conditions, and measurement protocols). This improved protection efficiency, however, cannot be considered as a warrant of protection for operators since operating condition and ventilation parameters are still more influential on the containment than the pollutant nature (i.e. nanoaerosol or gas).

45. AUXILIARY CHAMBER BETWEEN CHAMBER AND CONCRETE ENCLOSURE (LOCATION DDD), ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

45. AUXILIARY CHAMBER BETWEEN CHAMBER AND CONCRETE ENCLOSURE (LOCATION DDD), VIEW LOOKING EAST. LEAD ENCLOSED PIPING IS DRAIN FROM BOILER CHAMBER No. 1 - Shippingport Atomic Power Station, On Ohio River, 25 miles Northwest of Pittsburgh, Shippingport, Beaver County, PA

24. LAUNCH CONTROL CAPSULE. ENTRANCE TO ACOUSTICAL ENCLOSURE. SHOCK ISOLATOR ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

24. LAUNCH CONTROL CAPSULE. ENTRANCE TO ACOUSTICAL ENCLOSURE. SHOCK ISOLATOR AT FAR LEFT. VIEW TO NORTH. - Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1, 1.5 miles North of New Raymer & State Highway 14, New Raymer, Weld County, CO

30 CFR 77.701-2 - Approved methods of grounding metallic frames, casings, and other enclosures of electric...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... from a direct-current power system with one polarity grounded will be approved: (1) A solid connection..., casings, and other enclosures of electric equipment receiving power from a direct-current power system. 77... enclosures of electric equipment receiving power from a direct-current power system. (a) The following...

30 CFR 77.701-2 - Approved methods of grounding metallic frames, casings, and other enclosures of electric...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... from a direct-current power system with one polarity grounded will be approved: (1) A solid connection..., casings, and other enclosures of electric equipment receiving power from a direct-current power system. 77... enclosures of electric equipment receiving power from a direct-current power system. (a) The following...

Additive Manufacturing of Parts and Tooling in Robotic Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Love, Lonnie J.; Hassen, Ahmed A.; Chesser, Phillip C.

ORNL worked with Transcend Robotics, LLC to explore additive manufacturing of the two-piece compression body for their ARTI mobile robot platform. Extrusion compression molding was identified as an effective means of manufacturing these parts. ORNL consulted on modifications to the housing design to accommodate the selected manufacturing process. Parts were printed using ORNL's FDM machines for testing and evaluation of the design as a precursor to molding the parts. The assembly and evaluation of the parts proved favorable and minor design changes to improve assembly and performance were identified.The goal is to develop a light weight and rugged two-part roboticmore » enclosure for an unmanned ground vehicle UGV) that will be used in search and rescue applications. The FDM parts fabricated by ORNL allowed Transcend Robotics to assemble a prototype robot and verify that the new parts will meet the performance requirements. ORNL fabricated enclosure parts out of ABS and Nylon 12 materials such that the design could be tested prior to fabricating tooling for compression molding of Nylon 6 with carbon fiber fill. The robot was performance tested and compared with the previous manufacturing techniques and found to have superior performance.« less

Space use as an indicator of enclosure appropriateness in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus).

PubMed

Hunter, Sally C; Gusset, Markus; Miller, Lance J; Somers, Michael J

2014-01-01

A clear understanding of space use is required to more fully understand biological requirements of nonhuman animals in zoos, aid the design of exhibits, and maximize the animals' welfare. This study used electivity indexes to assess space use of two packs of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) and the appropriateness of two naturalistic, outdoor enclosures at the San Diego Zoo and Bronx Zoo. The results identified enclosure features that were both underutilized and overutilized. They suggest that replacing underutilized areas with features similar to areas that were overutilized may provide more preferred opportunities for the animals. Assessing space use of animals in human care may serve as an indicator of enclosure appropriateness and could have welfare implications. By looking at the possible reasons for area preferences, animal managers can get an idea of where improvements could be made. Designing future exhibits accordingly thus can provide possible welfare benefits for the animals concerned.

32 CFR Enclosure 1 - Requirements for Environmental Considerations-Global Commons

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Requirements for Environmental Considerations... ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ABROAD OF MAJOR DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ACTIONS Information requirements. Pt. 187, Encl. 1 Enclosure 1—Requirements for Environmental Considerations—Global Commons A. General. This...

32 CFR Enclosure 1 - Requirements for Environmental Considerations-Global Commons

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Requirements for Environmental Considerations... ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ABROAD OF MAJOR DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ACTIONS Information requirements. Pt. 187, Encl. 1 Enclosure 1—Requirements for Environmental Considerations—Global Commons A. General. This...

30 CFR 75.819 - Motor-starter enclosures; barriers and interlocks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Motor-starter enclosures; barriers and interlocks. 75.819 Section 75.819 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Underground High...

NorthEast view; Interior view of stair enclosure and stair from ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

North-East view; Interior view of stair enclosure and stair from platform to main passenger terminal - North Philadelphia Station, 2900 North Broad Street, on northwest corner of Broad Street & Glenwood Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

40 CFR 63.5875 - How do I determine the capture efficiency of the enclosure on my wet-out area and the capture...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... efficiency of the enclosure on my wet-out area and the capture efficiency of my oven(s) for continuous... efficiency of the enclosure on my wet-out area and the capture efficiency of my oven(s) for continuous lamination/casting operations? (a) The capture efficiency of a wet-out area enclosure is assumed to be 100...

Region 9: California Imperial County Adequate Letter Enclosure (5/20/2008)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This document is the enclosure to the April 16, 2008, letter from EPA provides an adequacy finding for transportation conformity purposes the motor vehicle emissions budgets in the Imperial County 8-hour Ozone Early Progress Plan.

40 CFR 86.117-96 - Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...), as measured in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. (v) r=FID response factor to methanol. (vi) PB = Barometric pressure, in. Hg. (kPa). (vii) T=Enclosure ambient temperature, R(K). (viii) i=Indicates initial reading. (ix) f=Indicates final reading. (x)(A) k=3.05. (B) For SI units, k=17.60. (xi) MHC, out = mass of...

40 CFR 86.1217-96 - Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... volume ft3 (m3), as measured in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. (v) r=FID response factor to methanol. (vi) PB=Barometric pressure, in. Hg. (kPa). (vii) T=Enclosure ambient temperature, R(K). (viii) i=Indicates initial reading. (ix) f=Indicates final reading. (x)(A) k=3.05. (B) For SI units, k=17.60. (xi...

40 CFR 86.1217-96 - Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... volume ft3 (m3), as measured in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. (v) r=FID response factor to methanol. (vi) PB=Barometric pressure, in. Hg. (kPa). (vii) T=Enclosure ambient temperature, R(K). (viii) i=Indicates initial reading. (ix) f=Indicates final reading. (x)(A) k=3.05. (B) For SI units, k=17.60. (xi...

46 CFR 111.83-5 - Bottom entrance and protected enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Bottom entrance and protected enclosures. 111.83-5 Section 111.83-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Shore Connection Boxes § 111.83-5 Bottom entrance and protected...

46 CFR 111.83-5 - Bottom entrance and protected enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Bottom entrance and protected enclosures. 111.83-5 Section 111.83-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Shore Connection Boxes § 111.83-5 Bottom entrance and protected...

46 CFR 111.83-5 - Bottom entrance and protected enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Bottom entrance and protected enclosures. 111.83-5 Section 111.83-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Shore Connection Boxes § 111.83-5 Bottom entrance and protected...

46 CFR 111.83-5 - Bottom entrance and protected enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Bottom entrance and protected enclosures. 111.83-5 Section 111.83-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Shore Connection Boxes § 111.83-5 Bottom entrance and protected...

46 CFR 111.83-5 - Bottom entrance and protected enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Bottom entrance and protected enclosures. 111.83-5 Section 111.83-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Shore Connection Boxes § 111.83-5 Bottom entrance and protected...

Baseline design and requirements for the LSST rotating enclosure (dome)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neill, D. R.; DeVries, J.; Hileman, E.; Sebag, J.; Gressler, W.; Wiecha, O.; Andrew, J.; Schoening, W.

2014-07-01

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is a large (8.4 meter) wide-field (3.5 degree) survey telescope, which will be located on the Cerro Pachón summit in Chile. As a result of the wide field of view, its optical system is unusually susceptible to stray light; consequently besides protecting the telescope from the environment the rotating enclosure (Dome) also provides indispensible light baffling. All dome vents are covered with light baffles which simultaneously provide both essential dome flushing and stray light attenuation. The wind screen also (and primarily) functions as a light screen providing only a minimum clear aperture. Since the dome must operate continuously, and the drives produce significant heat, they are located on the fixed lower enclosure to facilitate glycol water cooling. To accommodate day time thermal control, a duct system channels cooling air provided by the facility when the dome is in its parked position.

Effectiveness of pads and enclosures as safety interventions on consumer trampolines

PubMed Central

Eager, David; Scarrott, Carl; Sushinsky, George

2010-01-01

Background Trampolines continue to be a major source of childhood injury. Objective To examine available data on trampoline injuries in order to determine the effectiveness of padding and enclosures. Design Trampoline injuries from the NEISS database from 2002 to 2007 were reclassified into five cause-categories, to examine evidence for injury trends. Setting The ASTM trampoline standard recommendations for safety padding were upgraded in 1999 and enclosures were introduced in 1997. This is the first study to examine the impact of these changes. Patients The sampling frame comprises patients with NEISS product code ‘consumer trampolines’ (1233). A systematic sample of 360 patients each year is taken. Interventions The prominent interventions recommended by the ASTM are netting enclosures to prevent falling off and safety padding to cover frames and springs. Main outcome measures Proportion of injuries within each cause-category and trend estimates. Results There was no evidence for a decline within the injury cause-categories that should be prevented by these interventions from 2002 to 2007. Conclusions If these interventions were effective the associated injury causes would be in decline. Instead they remain close to half of all trampoline injuries with no significant change over the period of the study. Follow-up studies are proposed to determine the reasons. Given the number of injuries involved it is recommended that steps be taken to ensure these safety interventions or their equivalents are in place, work properly and remain effective for the life of consumer trampolines. PMID:20570986

26. LAUNCH CONTROL CAPSULE. ACOUSTICAL ENCLOSURE WITH MISSILE COMBAT CREW ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

26. LAUNCH CONTROL CAPSULE. ACOUSTICAL ENCLOSURE WITH MISSILE COMBAT CREW MEMBER LIEUTENANT KEVIN R. MCCLUNEY AT COMMUNICATIONS CONSOLE. LAUNCH CONTROL CONSOLE IN FOREGROUND. VIEW TO NORTH. - Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1, 1.5 miles North of New Raymer & State Highway 14, New Raymer, Weld County, CO

The Effects of Spatial Enclosure on Social Interaction Between Older Adults With Dementia and Young Children.

PubMed

Cerruti, Minyoung S; Shepley, Mardelle M

2016-04-01

To examine the impact of spatial enclosures on social interaction between older adults with early stage dementia and young children. Intergenerational interaction through meaningful activities can promote positive affects and behaviors of children and older adults. The development of social interaction is closely related to the physical environment in association with personal competence of older adults with dementia and young children. However, minimal attention has been given to the role of physical environment in influencing intergenerational interaction. A quasi-experiment examined the functional relationship between the amount of spatial enclosure and the types of social behaviors of older adults with dementia and young children. Semi-structured interviews, aided by a photographic simulation, were developed to explore the participants' perceptions of and experiences with the different degrees of spatial enclosure. Findings showed that the semienclosed spatial plan impacted both prosocial and antisocial behaviors of older adults with dementia in their interactions with young children. This apparent discrepancy was associated with two conflicting perceptions: a sense of openness and the lack of control due to distraction created by the loose visual boundary. There was no correlation between the elder-child neutral behaviors and the degrees of spatial enclosure. This study suggests that spaces with moderate openness without visual and acoustic distraction are the most desirable to promote prosocial behaviors of older adults with dementia and young children. Additionally, elder-child prosocial behaviors were likely facilitated by specific design features such as adequate personal space, the perception of openness, and possible spaces that provide both prospect and refuge in relation to spatial enclosure. © The Author(s) 2016.

Screening Maritime Shipping Containers for Weapons of Mass Destruction

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

for dangerous chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear , and explosives (CBRNE) materials to prevent their unlawful transpOitation into the United...techniques, and various sensor modalities within their respective size, weight, and power constraints. Shipping containers are natural repositories ...isolators. The environmental enclosure has sufficient volume to allow for multiple sensors as well as a truth collection station (Summa canisters

Analytical study of acoustic response of a semireverberant enclosure with application to active noise control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parrott, T. L.; Schein, D. B.; Gridley, D.

1985-01-01

The acoustic response of a semireverberant enclosure with two interacting, velocity-prescribed source distributions was analyzed using standard modal analysis techniques with a view toward a better understanding of active noise control. Different source and enclosure dimensions, source separations, and single-wall admittances were studied over representative frequency bandwidths of 10 Hz with source relative phase as a parameter. Results indicate that power radiated into the enclosure agree qualitatively with the spatial average of the mean square pressure, even though the reverberant field is nondiffuse. Decreases in acoustic power can therefore be used to estimate global noise reduction in a nondiffuse semireverberant environment. As might be expected, parametric studies indicate that maximum power reductions of up to 25 dB can be achieved when secondary and primary sources are compact and closely spaced. Although less success is achieved with increasing frequency and source separation or size, significant suppression of up to 8 dB still occurs over the 1 to 2 Hz bandwidth.

Lattice enclosure, cellar passage, main block, looking south. Functioning with ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Lattice enclosure, cellar passage, main block, looking south. Functioning with vents opened through the masonry in the east and west walls, this partition provided a secure and aerated storage area for foodstuffs used in the nearby kitchen. - Lazaretto Quarantine Station, Wanamaker Avenue and East Second Street, Essington, Delaware County, PA

32 CFR Enclosure - Suggested Format, Affidavit of Service by Mail

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Suggested Format, Affidavit of Service by Mail Enclosure National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN UNSATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE OF READY RESERVE OBLIGATION Definitions. Pt. 100, Encl. Enclosure—Suggested Format, Affidavit of Service b...

32 CFR Enclosure - Suggested Format, Affidavit of Service by Mail

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Suggested Format, Affidavit of Service by Mail Enclosure National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN UNSATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE OF READY RESERVE OBLIGATION Definitions. Pt. 100, Encl. Enclosure—Suggested Format, Affidavit of Service b...

32 CFR Enclosure - Suggested Format, Affidavit of Service by Mail

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Suggested Format, Affidavit of Service by Mail Enclosure National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN UNSATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE OF READY RESERVE OBLIGATION Definitions. Pt. 100, Encl. Enclosure—Suggested Format, Affidavit of Service b...

40 CFR 63.924 - Standards-Container Level 3 controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... selected by the owner or operator: (1) The enclosure shall be designed and operated in accordance with the criteria for a permanent total enclosure as specified in “Procedure T—Criteria for and Verification of a... enclosure. The owner or operator shall perform the verification procedure for the enclosure as specified in...

40 CFR 63.924 - Standards-Container Level 3 controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... selected by the owner or operator: (1) The enclosure shall be designed and operated in accordance with the criteria for a permanent total enclosure as specified in “Procedure T—Criteria for and Verification of a... enclosure. The owner or operator shall perform the verification procedure for the enclosure as specified in...

Radiative Heat Transfer in Finite Cylindrical Enclosures with Nonhomogeneous Participating Media

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hsu, Pei-Feng; Ku, Jerry C.

1994-01-01

Results of a numerical solution for radiative heat transfer in homogeneous and nonhomogeneous participating media are presented. The geometry of interest is a finite axisymmetric cylindrical enclosure. The integral formulation for radiative transport is solved by the YIX method. A three-dimensional solution scheme is applied to two-dimensional axisymmetric geometry to simplify kernel calculations and to avoid difficulties associated with treating boundary conditions. As part of the effort to improve modeling capabilities for turbulent jet diffusion flames, predicted distributions for flame temperature and soot volume fraction are used to calculate radiative heat transfer from soot particles in such flames. It is shown that the nonhomogeneity of radiative property has very significant effects. The peak value of the divergence of radiative heat flux could be underestimated by 2 factor of 7 if a mean homogeneous radiative property is used. Since recent studies have shown that scattering by soot agglomerates is significant in flames, the effect of magnitude of scattering is also investigated and found to be nonnegligible.

Managing socio-institutional enclosure: A grounded theory of caregivers' attentiveness in hospital care.

PubMed

Klaver, Klaartje; Baart, Andries

2016-06-01

Caregivers' attentiveness is vital for healthcare quality, yet existing research lacks a specific definition and neglects its different forms and aspects. This paper presents a qualitative, grounded theory of attentiveness in hospital oncology care. Our data show nine types of attentiveness. We answer the question why a caregiver practices one type of attentiveness in a certain situation, and not another type. First, it appears to be of crucial importance whether attentiveness is essential for giving care in the opinion of the caregiver. Second, the focus of attention is essential. Care given by doctors and nurses is always ambivalent; on the one hand, it concerns the body, and on the other hand, it involves the person whom that body belongs to. What is the caregiver (mainly) focused on? The significance of socio-institutional enclosure emerged as a key theme within the findings. Socio-institutional enclosure concerns the space a caregiver may or may not experience to break free from the preponderant institutional orientation towards the physical body of the patient. At the intersection of the influence of socio-institutional enclosure and the substance of the caregivers' concepts of care, three cultures are found that comprise the different types of attentiveness. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

30 CFR 18.14 - Identification of tested noncertified explosion-proof enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Identification of tested noncertified explosion-proof enclosures. 18.14 Section 18.14 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT...

40 CFR 63.544 - What are my total enclosure standards?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... listed in paragraph (b) of this section. (9) Areas where dust from fabric filters, sweepings or used fabric filters are processed. (b) Total enclosures are not required in the following areas: lead ingot... negative pressure values of at least 0.013 mm of mercury (0.007 inches of water). (2) You must maintain an...

13. View north within enclosure between old and new sections ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. View north within enclosure between old and new sections of Armory Street Pump House. Object at is a muffler and exhaust stack for the turbine powered stand-by generator unit. - Lake Whitney Water Filtration Plant, Armory Street Pumphouse, North side of Armory Street between Edgehill Road & Whitney Avenue, Hamden, New Haven County, CT

Life cycle study of different constructive solutions for building enclosures.

PubMed

Garcia-Ceballos, Luz; de Andres-Díaz, Jose Ramon; Contreras-Lopez, Miguel A

2018-06-01

The construction sector must advance in a more sustainable way and to achieve this goal, the application of global methodologies is needed. These methodologies should take into account all life stages of a building: planning, design, construction, use and demolition. The quantity and variety of the materials used in building construction condition the buildings' environmental and energy impacts. Life Cycle Assessment offers a standardized framework to evaluate the environmental loads of a product, process or activity. This work aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to select facilities in the construction sector, which minimize environmental and energy impacts. To facilitate the understanding of the proposed methodology, a comparative LCA is performed, to determine the type of thermal insulating material in a double sheet ceramic façade and its thickness, which allows reducing the environmental impacts associated to the enclosure. The three most used enclosure types used in the city of Malaga (Spain) have been selected for this study. The results show the adequacy of the procedure used. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Design and construction of a 76m long-travel laser enclosure for a space occulter testbed

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Galvin, Michael; Kim, Yunjong; Kasdin, N. Jeremy; Sirbu, Dan; Vanderbei, Robert; Echeverri, Dan; Sagolla, Giuseppe; Rousing, Andreas; Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; Ryan, Daniel; Shaklan, Stuart; Lisman, Doug

2016-07-01

Princeton University is upgrading our space occulter testbed. In particular, we are lengthening it to 76m to achieve flightlike Fresnel numbers. This much longer testbed required an all-new enclosure design. In this design, we prioritized modularity and the use of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) and semi-COTS components. Several of the technical challenges encountered included an unexpected slow beam drift and black paint selection. Herein we describe the design and construction of this long-travel laser enclosure.

9 CFR 3.137 - Primary enclosures used to transport live animals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Primary enclosures used to transport live animals. 3.137 Section 3.137 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care...

9 CFR 3.137 - Primary enclosures used to transport live animals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Primary enclosures used to transport live animals. 3.137 Section 3.137 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care...

9 CFR 3.113 - Primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... marine mammals. 3.113 Section 3.113 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... the animals, their handlers, or other persons. (d) Marine mammals transported in the same primary... used. Within the primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals, the animals will be maintained on...

9 CFR 3.113 - Primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... marine mammals. 3.113 Section 3.113 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... the animals, their handlers, or other persons. (d) Marine mammals transported in the same primary... used. Within the primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals, the animals will be maintained on...

9 CFR 3.113 - Primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... marine mammals. 3.113 Section 3.113 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... the animals, their handlers, or other persons. (d) Marine mammals transported in the same primary... used. Within the primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals, the animals will be maintained on...

9 CFR 3.137 - Primary enclosures used to transport live animals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Primary enclosures used to transport live animals. 3.137 Section 3.137 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care...

9 CFR 3.137 - Primary enclosures used to transport live animals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Primary enclosures used to transport live animals. 3.137 Section 3.137 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care...

9 CFR 3.113 - Primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... marine mammals. 3.113 Section 3.113 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... the animals, their handlers, or other persons. (d) Marine mammals transported in the same primary... used. Within the primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals, the animals will be maintained on...

9 CFR 3.113 - Primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... marine mammals. 3.113 Section 3.113 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... the animals, their handlers, or other persons. (d) Marine mammals transported in the same primary... used. Within the primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals, the animals will be maintained on...

9 CFR 3.137 - Primary enclosures used to transport live animals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Primary enclosures used to transport live animals. 3.137 Section 3.137 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care...

Experimental determination of the particle motions associated with the low order acoustic modes in enclosures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Byrne, K. P.; Marshall, S. E.

1983-01-01

A procedure for experimentally determining, in terms of the particle motions, the shapes of the low order acoustic modes in enclosures is described. The procedure is based on finding differentiable functions which approximate the shape functions of the low order acoustic modes when these modes are defined in terms of the acoustic pressure. The differentiable approximating functions are formed from polynomials which are fitted by a least squares procedure to experimentally determined values which define the shapes of the low order acoustic modes in terms of the acoustic pressure. These experimentally determined values are found by a conventional technique in which the transfer functions, which relate the acoustic pressures at an array of points in the enclosure to the volume velocity of a fixed point source, are measured. The gradient of the function which approximates the shape of a particular mode in terms of the acoustic pressure is evaluated to give the mode shape in terms of the particle motion. The procedure was tested by using it to experimentally determine the shapes of the low order acoustic modes in a small rectangular enclosure.

28. LAUNCH CONTROL CAPSULE. ACOUSTICAL ENCLOSURE WITH MISSILE COMBAT CREW ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

28. LAUNCH CONTROL CAPSULE. ACOUSTICAL ENCLOSURE WITH MISSILE COMBAT CREW MEMBERS (FRONT TO BACK) LIEUTENANT KEVIN R. MCCLUNEY AND CAPTAIN JAMES L. KING, JR. SHOCK ISOLATOR AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT RACK AT FAR LEFT. VIEW TO SOUTH. - Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1, 1.5 miles North of New Raymer & State Highway 14, New Raymer, Weld County, CO

An innovative permanent total enclosure for blast cleaning and painting ships in drydock

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Garland, C.; Lukey, M.

1997-12-31

This paper describes a new innovative Permanent Total Enclosure, or CAPE system, which encloses and captures emissions from blast cleaning and painting ship hulls in drydock. A description of the modular enclosure towers with unique seals is shown with several figures. The support barge with its environmental control equipment which includes a dust collector, VOC thermal oxidizer, dehumidifier, boiler, heating coils, air flow fans and, system controls is also described. Data measurements from the first two applications rate this system at 100 percent capture efficiency, 99 percent VOC destruction efficiency and 99.9 percent dust collection efficiency. Ships can be blastmore » cleaned and painted using noncompliant paints and meet all state and federal standards for air emissions.« less

Monitoring the dynamic emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds from Cryptomeria japonica by enclosure measurement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Chun-Ya; Chang, Tzu-Cheng; Chen, Yu-Han; Chen, Ying-Ju; Cheng, Sen-Sung; Chang, Shang-Tzen

2015-12-01

Research on biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted from trees is essential in the world since these BVOCs play an important role in the atmospheric process which may further influence on the air quality. However, little is known about BVOCs emitted from trees in the field in Taiwan. Hence, this study intends to establish an enclosure technique coupled with in situ sampling to facilitate the collection of BVOCs emitted from Cryptomeria japonica leaves. Furthermore, the emission model derived from the relationship between emission rate and temperature was applied to estimate the emission of BVOCs in the field. Results from GC-MS showed that the BVOCs emitted from intact leaves contain 14 monoterpenoids and 4 sesquiterpenoid. The emission rate of the major constituent, sabinene, was 0.42 μg h-1 g-1 around noon on September 11, 2013. Sabinene varies with the changing temperature inside the bag. These findings indicated that the enclosure technique can collect the BVOCs emitted from intact leaves and monitor the dynamic changes in emission. Two determinants, basal emission rate (at 30 °C) and β coefficient, of sabinene were further measured, and they were 1.29 μg h-1 g-1 and 0.18 °C-1, respectively. By using these two determinants and data of meteorology and forest resource, the emission of monoterpenes from C. japonica stand was estimated to be 1.13 mg m-2 h-1 in July in Xitou area. Taken together, the results provide valuable information for estimation of BVOCs from tree species in Taiwan for the first time.

Spatial Pattern and Population Structure of Artemisia ordosica Shrub in a Desert Grassland under Enclosure, Northwest China.

PubMed

Liu, Jiankang; Zhang, Kebin

2018-05-09

Enclosure is an effective practice for restoring and rehabilitating the degraded grassland ecosystem caused by overgrazing. Shrub species, which are dominant in most desert grasslands in arid and semiarid regions, have some beneficial ecological functions for grassland restoration. However, how the population structure and spatial pattern of the Artemisia ordosica shrub changes in a grassland ecosystem under enclosed practice is not well understood. This study, conducted in the Mu Us desert in northwest China, was designed to measure the A. ordosica population according to the chronosequence of enclosure (enclosure periods ranged from 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, and 25 years), contrasting this with an adjacent continuously grazed grassland. The results showed that the enclosed grasslands had a higher number of individuals of different age classes (seedling, adult, aging, and dead group) and greater population coverage, but shrubs had significant lower ( p < 0.05) crown diameter and height in comparison with those in continuously grazed grassland. Further, enclosed grasslands had a significantly higher ( p < 0.05) Shannon-Wiener index (H) and Evenness index (E), but a significantly lower ( p < 0.05) Richness index (R) than continuously grazed grassland. The crown of A. ordosica showed a significant linear positive correlation with height in all plots across succession, indicating that it was feasible to analyze the age structure by crown. The crown-class distribution structure of the A. ordosica population approximated a Gaussian distribution model in all survey plots. Within the population, seedling and adult groups exhibited aggregated spatial distribution at small scales, while aging and dead A. ordosica groups showed random distribution at almost all scales in different plots. The seedling A. ordosica group showed a positive correlation with adults at small scales in all plots except in 10 years of enclosure. However, it showed independent correlation with

30. LAUNCH CONTROL CAPSULE. ACOUSTICAL ENCLOSURE. OPERATORS' CHAIR AND COMMUNICATIONS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

30. LAUNCH CONTROL CAPSULE. ACOUSTICAL ENCLOSURE. OPERATORS' CHAIR AND COMMUNICATIONS CONSOLE IN FOREGROUND. ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT RACK AT LEFT; LAUNCH CONTROL CONSOLE WITH CAPTAIN JAMES L. KING, JR. IN CENTER. LIEUTENANT KEVIN R. MCCLUNEY IN BACKGROUND. VIEW TO SOUTHEAST. - Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1, 1.5 miles North of New Raymer & State Highway 14, New Raymer, Weld County, CO

STS-135 crew during AEM (Animal Enclosure Module) training

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-25

JSC2011-E-029133 (25 March 2011) --- STS-135 crew members participate in an Animal Enclosure Module (AEM) training session in the Jake Garn Simulation and Training Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Pictured from the right are NASA astronauts Chris Ferguson, commander; Sandy Magnus and Rex Walheim, both mission specialists. STS-135 is planned to be the final mission of the space shuttle program. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Negative effects of Microcystis blooms on the crustacean plankton in an enclosure experiment in the subtropical China.

PubMed

Chen, Fei-zhou; Xie, Ping; Tang, Hui-juan; Liu, Hong

2005-01-01

Effects of Microcystis blooms on the crustacean plankton were studied using enclosure experiments during July-September, 2000. Eight enclosures were set in the hypereutrophic Donghu Lake. Different nutrient concentrations through additional nutrient and sediment in enclosures were expected to result in different abundance of Microcystis. From July to early August, the phytoplankton community was dominated by Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta other than Microcystis aeruginosa. M. aeruginosa showed a rapid increase during early August in all enclosures and predominated. Crustacean plankton was dominated by the herbivorous Moina micrura, Diaphanosoma brachyurum and Ceriodaphnia cornuta, and the predaceous Mesocyclops sp. and Thermocyclops taihokuensis. During the pre-bloom period, the dynamics of M. micrura population appeared to be mainly affected by the predaceous cyclopoids. With the development of Microcystis blooms, such interaction between M. micrura and cyclopoids seemed weakened, especially when the Microcystis biomass was high. But there was no apparent influence on the interaction between Leptodora kindti and its zooplanktonic prey. The density of two cyclopoids decreased with the enhancement of Microcystis. The density decline of M. micrura was caused by both predation and inhibition by Microcystis. The low food availability of other edible phytoplankton during the blooms led to low densities of both C. cornuta and D. brachyurum by late August. It appears that dense Microcystis blooms exert strong negative effects on the herbivorous cladocerans and the predaceous cyclopoids.

Ditched enclosures in Southern Portugal: an Archaeoastronomical view

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mejuto, A J.; Valera, A. Carlos; Castaño, J. Gómez; Rodríguez-Caderot, G.; Becker, Helmut

2015-05-01

Since the very first ages, human beings have attempted to understand and manage their environment in order to survive. This is the case regarding wildlife, weather cycles and gathering periods. This is also reflected in the areas surrounding sites where individuals live; they changed the landscape with different aims. This type of archaeology has risen very recently - in the last few years - and is usually called Landscape Archaeology. Traditional landscape archaeology has dealt with earth and location related studies; the relationship of ancient peoples with the sky has been disregarded. The archaeoastronomical studies have mitigated this fact. Archaeoastronomy has revealed an important number of archaeological sites; many of them reveal a clear intention of astronomically designed buildings or structures. This implies a planned detailed design and obviously a deep understanding of astronomical knowledge. As examples of these sites a number of megalithic ditched enclosures sited in Portugal will be shown which were studied inside the project "Ditched enclosures plants and Neolithic cosmologies: A landscape, archaeoastronomical and geophysical perspective". The ideological and astronomical aspects inside the architecture of these types of sites will be explained. In this paper we present a new methodology applied in the archaeoastronomical calculations for southern Portugal sites. It includes GIS techniques and the development of an archaeoastronomical layer that can be used to display the computations over cartographic information from the archaeological sites. A Spatial Data Infrastructure is also created in order to expose the results.

Natural Convection Immersion Cooling of an Array of Heated Protrusions in an Enclosure Filled with Dielectric Liquid: Effects of Enclosure Width and Fluid Prandtl Number

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-03-01

ELEMENT NO. NO. NO. ACCESSION NO ’ A~rIECti fvMERSlON COOLING OF AN ARRAY OF HEATED PROTRUSIONS IN AN ENCLOSURE FILLED WITH DIELECTRIC LIQUID...341 10. SS7 6.779 S.S1S TEMP.BASED RAYLEIGH NUMBER - E-B IS: 2.13 FLUX BASED RAYLEIGH NUMBER - E-6 IS: 14.42 AVERAGE TEMPERATURE: 20.987 SINK TEMPERATURE

MHD mixed convection flow and heat transfer in an open C-shaped enclosure using water-copper oxide nanofluid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Armaghani, T.; Esmaeili, H.; Mohammadpoor, Y. A.; Pop, I.

2018-01-01

In this paper, the steady mixed convection flow and heat transfer of water-copper oxide nanofluid in an open C-shaped enclosure is investigated numerically. The enclosure is under constant magnetic field. Effects of Richardson number, magnetic and nanofluid volume fraction parameters are studied and discussed. The nanofluid with a cold temperature of T C and a velocity of u c enters the enclosure from the top right corner and exits from the bottom right corner. The vertical wall of the left side is subjected to a hot and constant temperature T h . Also, other walls are insulated. It is found that the heat transfer is increased via increasing the Hartmann and Reynolds numbers. For low Reynolds numbers, the enhances of the Hartman number leads to a slightly increases of the average Nusselt number, but for high Reynolds numbers, the average Nusselt number gets an ascending trend and the increase in the Hartmann number shows its effect more pronounced. Also, with increase in Ri, the effect of nanofluid on the heat transfer increases. Due to practical impotence, the study of mixed convection heat transfer in enclosures and various shaped of cavities has attracted remarkable attentions in the past few decades. Significant applications of the mixed convection flow can be found in atmospheric flows, solar energy storage, heat exchangers, lubrication technology, drying technologies, cooling of the electronic devices, etc. The present results are original and new for the problem of MHD mixed convection flow and heat transfer in an open C-shaped enclosure using water-copper oxide nanofluid. Comparison of the obtained results with those from the open literature (Mahmoodi et al. [24]) is acceptable.

MHD mixed convection flow and heat transfer in an open C-shaped enclosure using water-copper oxide nanofluid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Armaghani, T.; Esmaeili, H.; Mohammadpoor, Y. A.; Pop, I.

2018-06-01

In this paper, the steady mixed convection flow and heat transfer of water-copper oxide nanofluid in an open C-shaped enclosure is investigated numerically. The enclosure is under constant magnetic field. Effects of Richardson number, magnetic and nanofluid volume fraction parameters are studied and discussed. The nanofluid with a cold temperature of T C and a velocity of u c enters the enclosure from the top right corner and exits from the bottom right corner. The vertical wall of the left side is subjected to a hot and constant temperature T h . Also, other walls are insulated. It is found that the heat transfer is increased via increasing the Hartmann and Reynolds numbers. For low Reynolds numbers, the enhances of the Hartman number leads to a slightly increases of the average Nusselt number, but for high Reynolds numbers, the average Nusselt number gets an ascending trend and the increase in the Hartmann number shows its effect more pronounced. Also, with increase in Ri, the effect of nanofluid on the heat transfer increases. Due to practical impotence, the study of mixed convection heat transfer in enclosures and various shaped of cavities has attracted remarkable attentions in the past few decades. Significant applications of the mixed convection flow can be found in atmospheric flows, solar energy storage, heat exchangers, lubrication technology, drying technologies, cooling of the electronic devices, etc. The present results are original and new for the problem of MHD mixed convection flow and heat transfer in an open C-shaped enclosure using water-copper oxide nanofluid. Comparison of the obtained results with those from the open literature (Mahmoodi et al. [24]) is acceptable.

Innovative enclosure dome/observing aperture system design for the MROI Array Telescopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Busatta, A.; Marchiori, G.; Mian, S.; Payne, I.; Pozzobon, M.

2010-07-01

The close-pack array of the MROI necessitated an original design for the Unit Telescope Enclosure (UTE) at Magdalena Ridge Observatory. The Magdalena Ridge Observatory Interferometer (MROI) is a project which comprises an array of up to ten (10) 1.4m diameter mirror telescopes arranged in a "Y" configuration. Each of these telescopes will be housed inside a Unit Telescope Enclosure (UTE) which are relocatable onto any of 28 stations. The most compact configuration includes all ten telescopes, several of which are at a relative distance of less than 8m center to center from each other. Since the minimum angle of the field of regard is 30° with respect to the horizon, it is difficult to prevent optical blockage caused by adjacent UTEs in this compact array. This paper presents the design constraints inherent in meeting the requirement for the close-pack array. An innovative design enclosure was created which incorporates an unique dome/observing aperture system. The description of this system focuses on how the field of regard requirement led to an unique and highly innovative concept that had to be able to operate in the harsh environmental conditions encountered at an altitude of 10,460ft (3,188m). Finally, we describe the wide use of composites materials and structures (e.g. glass/carbon fibres, sandwich panels etc.) on the aperture system which represents the only way to guarantee adequate thermal and environmental protection, compactness, structural stability and limited power consumption due to reduced mass.

PERSISTENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF AZINPHOS-METHYL FOLLOWING APPLICATION TO LITTORAL ENCLOSURE MESOCOSMS

EPA Science Inventory

The organophosphorus insecticide azinphos-methyl was applied once to the surface of 12 of 18 littoral enclosure mesocosms (5 x 10m) constructed in a 2-ha pond near Duluth, Minnesota. Water, sediment, macrophytes, and adult fathead minnows were analyzed for residue to determine th...

Design and implementation of an improved chilled water glycol system for NICI array electronics thermal enclosure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gausachs, Gaston

2008-07-01

The Near Infrared Chronographic Imager (NICI) being commissioned at Gemini was upgraded with a more powerful Chilled Water Glycol System to address early overheating problems. The previous system was replaced with a completely new design favoring improved airflow and increased heat transfer capabilities. The research leading to this upgrade showed a significant lack of cooling power of the original design. The solution was a combination of commercial heat exchanger and fans and a custom built enclosure. As a prime infrared telescope facility, Gemini is very much interested in maintaining the least amount of heat dissipated to the ambient air. The results obtained through the implementation of this solution will be helpful in understanding the state of other existing electronics enclosures as well as those for new instruments to come. With the advent of electronic intensive AO systems, future electronics enclosures must take full advantage of improved cooling. This paper describes the design and implementation phases of the project. The results under maximum operating capacity proved to be within the expected theoretical values and were deemed successful.

29. LAUNCH CONTROL CAPSULE. ACOUSTICAL ENCLOSURE WITH MISSILE COMBAT CREW ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

29. LAUNCH CONTROL CAPSULE. ACOUSTICAL ENCLOSURE WITH MISSILE COMBAT CREW MEMBERS (FRONT TO BACK) LIEUTENANT KEVIN R. MCCLUNEY AND CAPTAIN JAMES L. KING, JR. AT CONSOLES. REFRIGERATOR AT RIGHT FLANKED BY RADIO EQUIPMENT (RIGHT) AND FILE CABINETS (LEFT). VIEW TO SOUTHWEST. - Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1, 1.5 miles North of New Raymer & State Highway 14, New Raymer, Weld County, CO

LOFT. Containment and service building (TAN650). Section through east/west axis ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

LOFT. Containment and service building (TAN-650). Section through east/west axis of building as viewed from the south. Shows basement and grade levels of containment building, connection to control room on west side, air filter vaults, and duct enclosure for air exhaust system. Kaiser engineers 6413-11-STEP/LOFT-650-A-4. Date: October 1964. INEEL index code no. 036-650-00-486-122216 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Area North, Scoville, Butte County, ID

25. LAUNCH CONTROL CAPSULE. ACOUSTICAL ENCLOSURE WITH MISSILE COMBAT CREW ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

25. LAUNCH CONTROL CAPSULE. ACOUSTICAL ENCLOSURE WITH MISSILE COMBAT CREW MEMBERS (FRONT TO BACK) CAPTAIN JAMES L. KING, JR. AT LAUNCH CONTROL CONSOLE AND LIEUTENANT KEVIN R. MCCLUNEY AT COMMUNICATIONS CONSOLE. RADIO TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER RACKS AT FAR RIGHT; ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT RACKS AT FAR LEFT. VIEW TO NORTH. - Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1, 1.5 miles North of New Raymer & State Highway 14, New Raymer, Weld County, CO

Assessing enclosure design and husbandry practices for successful keeping and breeding of the Burmese brow antlered deer (Eld's deer, Rucervus eldii thamin) in European zoos.

PubMed

Wall, Ellis L; Hartley, Matt

2017-05-01

The endangered Burmese brow antlered deer (Rucervus eldii thamin) is a medium sized tropical cervid kept in a number of European zoos. Studbook data and anecdotal reports have suggested that this species suffers from poor reproductive success and relatively high neonatal mortality in captivity. Questionnaires were sent to 10 European zoos, holding 91 (20.71.0) deer, in order to record information on husbandry practices and enclosure design. Studbook analysis was performed to determine reproductive success and mortality values at each of the zoos participating in the study. Statistical analysis was carried out to identify any links between husbandry or enclosure design and the population parameters calculated from the studbook. From the nine zoos that were analyzed in this study, no significant differences were found for population parameters between male and female deer. Neonatal mortality was negatively correlated to enclosure size (in males) and enclosure cover (in females). Positive correlations were found between enclosure cover, average temperature and group size with life expectancy, and negative correlations between enclosure visibility and visitor distance with female life expectancy. These results may be useful for informing husbandry guidelines, although further research into stress responses in captivity is recommended for this species to improve their welfare. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Fireproof impact limiter aggregate packaging inside shipping containers

DOEpatents

Byington, Gerald A.; Oakes, Jr., Raymon Edgar; Feldman, Matthew Rookes

2001-01-01

The invention is a product and a process for making a fireproof, impact limiter, homogeneous aggregate material for casting inside a hazardous material shipping container, or a double-contained Type-B nuclear shipping container. The homogeneous aggregate material is prepared by mixing inorganic compounds with water, pouring the mixture into the void spaces between an inner storage containment vessel and an outer shipping container, vibrating the mixture inside the shipping container, with subsequent curing, baking, and cooling of the mixture to form a solidified material which encapsulates an inner storage containment vessel inside an outer shipping container. The solidified material forms a protective enclosure around an inner storage containment vessel which may store hazardous, toxic, or radioactive material. The solidified material forms a homogeneous fire-resistant material that does not readily transfer heat, and provides general shock and specific point-impact protection, providing protection to the interior storage containment vessel. The material is low cost, may contain neutron absorbing compounds, and is easily formed into a variety of shapes to fill the interior void spaces of shipping containers.

16 CFR 1201.40 - Interpretation concerning bathtub and shower doors and enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Interpretation concerning bathtub and shower... Policy and Interpretation § 1201.40 Interpretation concerning bathtub and shower doors and enclosures. (a... and enclosures” and “shower door and enclosure” as they are used in the Standard in subpart A. The...

Ratios of colony mass to thermal conductance of tree and man-made nest enclosures of Apis mellifera: implications for survival, clustering, humidity regulation and Varroa destructor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitchell, Derek

2016-05-01

In the absence of human intervention, the honeybee ( Apis mellifera L.) usually constructs its nest in a tree within a tall, narrow, thick-walled cavity high above the ground (the enclosure); however, most research and apiculture is conducted in the thin-walled, squat wooden enclosures we know as hives. This experimental research, using various hives and thermal models of trees, has found that the heat transfer rate is approximately four to seven times greater in the hives in common use, compared to a typical tree enclosure in winter configuration. This gives a ratio of colony mass to lumped enclosure thermal conductance (MCR) of less than 0.8 kgW-1 K for wooden hives and greater than 5 kgW-1 K for tree enclosures. This result for tree enclosures implies higher levels of humidity in the nest, increased survival of smaller colonies and lower Varroa destructor breeding success. Many honeybee behaviours previously thought to be intrinsic may only be a coping mechanism for human intervention; for example, at an MCR of above 2 kgW-1 K, clustering in a tree enclosure may be an optional, rare, heat conservation behaviour for established colonies, rather than the compulsory, frequent, life-saving behaviour that is in the hives in common use. The implied improved survival in hives with thermal properties of tree nests may help to solve some of the problems honeybees are currently facing in apiculture.

32 CFR Appendix D to Part 323 - Word Processing Center (WPC) Safeguards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY PRIVACY PROGRAM Pt. 323, App. D Appendix D to.... 2. Storing media containing personal data in separate files or areas. 3. Marking the storage... the areas discussed in this enclosure, as well as any special risks that the WPC location...

32 CFR Appendix D to Part 323 - Word Processing Center (WPC) Safeguards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY PRIVACY PROGRAM Pt. 323, App. D Appendix D to.... 2. Storing media containing personal data in separate files or areas. 3. Marking the storage... the areas discussed in this enclosure, as well as any special risks that the WPC location...

32 CFR Appendix D to Part 323 - Word Processing Center (WPC) Safeguards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY PRIVACY PROGRAM Pt. 323, App. D Appendix D to.... 2. Storing media containing personal data in separate files or areas. 3. Marking the storage... the areas discussed in this enclosure, as well as any special risks that the WPC location...

STS-135 crew during AEM (Animal Enclosure Module) training

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-25

JSC2011-E-029131 (25 March 2011) --- STS-135 crew members participate in an Animal Enclosure Module (AEM) training session in the Jake Garn Simulation and Training Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Pictured on the right (front to back) are NASA astronauts Chris Ferguson, commander; Sandy Magnus and Rex Walheim, both mission specialists; along with Doug Hurley (left foreground), pilot. STS-135 is planned to be the final mission of the space shuttle program. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

STS-135 crew during AEM (Animal Enclosure Module) training

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-25

JSC2011-E-029132 (25 March 2011) --- STS-135 crew members participate in an Animal Enclosure Module (AEM) training session in the Jake Garn Simulation and Training Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Pictured from the left (facing camera) are NASA astronauts Rex Walheim and Sandy Magnus, both mission specialists; and Chris Ferguson, commander; along with Doug Hurley (right foreground), pilot. STS-135 is planned to be the final mission of the space shuttle program. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

40 CFR 61.345 - Standards: Containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...., bungs, hatches, and sampling ports) shall be designed to operate with no detectable emissions as...) The total enclosure must be designed and operated in accordance with the criteria for a permanent total enclosure as specified in section 5 of the “Procedure T—Criteria for and Verification of a...

[Diurnal and Seasonal Dynamic Variation of Soil Respiration and Its Influencing Factors of Different Fenced Enclosure Years in Desert Steppec].

PubMed

Cui, Hai; Zhang, Ya-hong

2016-04-15

The fenced measures could improve the ecological environment of degraded grassland, it's a main measure for restoration of degraded grassland vegetation in China. Soil respiration (Rs) is an important component of an ecosystem's carbon cycle and the main pathway for carbon moving from the ecosystem to the atmosphere. In order to explore soil respiration characteristics and influencing factors of the different fenced years in arid desert grassland, we continuously observed Rs rate and environmental factors in the growing season of fenced enclosure 11a, 7a and no fenced (CK) desert steppe in Ningxia. The results showed that: (1) Both the diurnal andseasonal variations of Rs rate showed a single asymmetric peak changing in fenced enclosure of 11 years, 7 years, CK desert steppe. On the daily scale, the maximum and minimum values of Rs rate were found in the periods of 12:00-16:00 and 00:00-06:00,respectively. On the seasonal variation scale, the maximum value of Rs rate occurred in August with suitable precipitation and temperature conditions. And the Rs rate of the growing season of different fenced enclosure years was in the order of 11a [0.143 g · (m² · h)⁻¹] > 7a [0.138 g · (m² · h)⁻¹] > CK [0.106 g · (m2 - h)⁻¹]. (2) According to statistical analysis, it indicated that R² rate had a significant exponential positive relationship with air and soil temperature in fenced enclosure of 11 years, 7 years, CK desert steppe (P < 0.01). The order of the correlation of Rs rate and temperature was shown as soil surface temperature (R²: 0.408-0.413) > air temperature (R2: 0.355-0.376) > 5-20 cm soil temperature (R2: 0.263-0.394). The temperature sensitivity coefficient Q, increased gradually with the soil depth, and Q1, of different fenced enclosure years was showed as 11 a (2.728) > 7a (2.436) > CK (2.086). (3) A significant quadratic function model (P < 0.05) was observed for the relationship between Rs rate and relative air humidity, soil moisture content

Non-Flammable Containment Bag and Enclosure Development for International Space Station Use

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Inamdar, Sunil; Cadogan, Dave; Worthy, Erica

2014-01-01

Work conducted on the International Space Station (ISS) requires the use of a significant quantity of containment bags to hold specimens, equipment, waste, and other material. The bags are in many shapes and sizes, and are typically manufactured from polyethylene materials. The amount of bags being used on ISS has grown to the point where fire safety has become a concern because of the flammability of polyethylene. Recently, a new re-sealable bag design has been developed that is manufactured from a specialized non-flammable material called Armorflex 301 that was designed specifically for this application. Besides being non-flammable, Armorflex 301 is also FDA compliant, clear, flexible, and damage tolerant. The bags can be made with closure mechanisms that resemble ZipLoc® bags, or can be open top. Sample bags have been laboratory tested by NASA to verify materials properties, and evaluated by astronauts on the ISS in 2012. Flexloc bag manufacturing will commence in 2014 to support a transition away from polyethylene on ISS. In addition to re-sealable bags, other larger containment systems such as flexible gloveboxes, deployable clean rooms, and other devices manufactured from Armorflex 301 are being explored for use on ISS and in similar confined space locations where flammability is an issue. This paper will describe the development of the Armorflex 301 material, the Flexloc bag, and other containment systems being explored for use in confined areas

Mixed convection flow of nanofluid in a square enclosure with an intruded rectangular fin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cong, Ran; Zhou, Xuanyu; De Souza Machado, Bruno; Das, Prodip K.

2016-07-01

Mixed convection flow in enclosures has been a subject of interest for many years due to their ever increasing applications in solar collectors, electronic cooling, lubrication technologies, food processing, and nuclear reactors. In comparison, little effort has been given to the problem of mixed convection in enclosures filled with nanofluids, while the addition of nanoparticles in a fluid base to alter specific material properties is considered a feasible solution for many heat transfer problems. Mixed convection of nanofluids is a challenging problem as the addition of nanoparticles changes the fluid's thermo-physical properties as well as due to the complex interactions among inertia, viscous, and buoyancy forces. In this study, a two-dimensional steady-state numerical model has been developed to investigate mixed convection flow of nanofluids in a square enclosure with an intruded rectangular fin and to optimize the fin geometry for maximizing the heat transfer using the Constructal design. The model has been developed using ANSYS-FLUENT for various fin geometries. Flow fields, temperature fields, and heat transfer rates are examined for different values of Rayleigh and Reynolds numbers for several geometries of the fin with the aim of maximizing the heat transfer from the fin to the surrounding flow. Outcome of this study provides important insight into the heat transfer behavior of nanofluids, which will help in developing novel geometries with enhanced and controlled heat transfer for solar collectors and electronic devices.

Construction of 3.6m ARIES telescope enclosure with eccentric pier at Devasthal, Nainital

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bangia, Tarun

Space optimized enclosure with eccentric pier for 3.6m ARIES telescope presents construction challenges at the unique observing site of Devasthal, Nainital, India. Enclosure comprises of about 16.5m diameter and 14m high insulated steel framed cylindrical dome rotating on a 14m high stationery dome supporting structure and a 24m × 12m extension structure building for accommodating aluminizing plant and ventilation system etc. Great deal of manual and mechanical excavation was carried out at the rocky site using rock breaking and JCB machines. Foundation bolts for columns of dome supporting structure and extension structure building were grouted after alignment with total station. A 7m diameter hollow cylindrical pier isolated from other structures and 1.85m eccentric with dome center designed due to space limitation at site is being casted for mounting 150 MT mass of the largest 3.6m telescope in the country. A 7m diameter template was fabricated for 3.6m pier top. Most of enclosure components are manufactured and tested in works before assembly/erection at site. Dome drive was tested with dummy loads using VVVF drive with 6 drive and 12 idler wheel assemblies at works to simulate dome weight and smooth operation before erection at site. A 4.2m wide motorized windscreen is being manufactured with a special grade synthetic fabric to withstand wind speed up to 15m/s.

Mixed convection flow of nanofluid in a square enclosure with an intruded rectangular fin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cong, Ran; Zhou, Xuanyu; De Souza Machado, Bruno

Mixed convection flow in enclosures has been a subject of interest for many years due to their ever increasing applications in solar collectors, electronic cooling, lubrication technologies, food processing, and nuclear reactors. In comparison, little effort has been given to the problem of mixed convection in enclosures filled with nanofluids, while the addition of nanoparticles in a fluid base to alter specific material properties is considered a feasible solution for many heat transfer problems. Mixed convection of nanofluids is a challenging problem as the addition of nanoparticles changes the fluid’s thermo-physical properties as well as due to the complex interactionsmore » among inertia, viscous, and buoyancy forces. In this study, a two-dimensional steady-state numerical model has been developed to investigate mixed convection flow of nanofluids in a square enclosure with an intruded rectangular fin and to optimize the fin geometry for maximizing the heat transfer using the Constructal design. The model has been developed using ANSYS-FLUENT for various fin geometries. Flow fields, temperature fields, and heat transfer rates are examined for different values of Rayleigh and Reynolds numbers for several geometries of the fin with the aim of maximizing the heat transfer from the fin to the surrounding flow. Outcome of this study provides important insight into the heat transfer behavior of nanofluids, which will help in developing novel geometries with enhanced and controlled heat transfer for solar collectors and electronic devices.« less

Region 9: California Los Angeles - San Bernadino Counties Adequate Letter Enclosure (5/20/2008)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This document is the enclosure to the April 16, 2008, letter from EPA provides adequacy finding for transportation conformity purposes the motor vehicle emissions budgets in the Antelope Valley-Western Mojave Desert 8-hour Ozone Early Progress Plan.

Critical parts are stored and shipped in environmentally controlled reusable container

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kummerfeld, K. R.

1966-01-01

Environmentally controlled, hermetically sealed, reusable metal cabinet with storage drawers is used to ship and store sensitive electronic, pneumatic, or hydraulic parts or medical supplies under extreme weather or handling conditions. This container is compatible with on-site and transportation handling facilities.

STS-135 crew during AEM (Animal Enclosure Module) training

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-25

JSC2011-E-029136 (25 March 2011) --- STS-135 crew members participate in an Animal Enclosure Module (AEM) training session in the Jake Garn Simulation and Training Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Pictured on the right (foreground) is NASA astronaut Chris Ferguson, commander. Pictured in the background (from the left) are astronauts Doug Hurley (mostly obscured), pilot; Rex Walheim and Sandy Magnus (partially obscured), both mission specialists. STS-135 is planned to be the final mission of the space shuttle program. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Canonical Statistical Model for Maximum Expected Immission of Wire Conductor in an Aperture Enclosure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bremner, Paul G.; Vazquez, Gabriel; Christiano, Daniel J.; Trout, Dawn H.

2016-01-01

Prediction of the maximum expected electromagnetic pick-up of conductors inside a realistic shielding enclosure is an important canonical problem for system-level EMC design of space craft, launch vehicles, aircraft and automobiles. This paper introduces a simple statistical power balance model for prediction of the maximum expected current in a wire conductor inside an aperture enclosure. It calculates both the statistical mean and variance of the immission from the physical design parameters of the problem. Familiar probability density functions can then be used to predict the maximum expected immission for deign purposes. The statistical power balance model requires minimal EMC design information and solves orders of magnitude faster than existing numerical models, making it ultimately viable for scaled-up, full system-level modeling. Both experimental test results and full wave simulation results are used to validate the foundational model.

Asbestos-Containing Materials in School Buildings: A Guidance Document. Part 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sawyer, Robert N.; Spooner, Charles M.

Part 2 of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidance manuals consists of more detailed information on asbestos identification and control methods. Available information on sprayed asbestos-containing materials in buildings is summarized. Guidelines are presented for the detection and monitoring, removal or encapsulation, and disposal of…

TRITIUM LABORATORY, TRA666, INTERIOR. MAIN FLOOR. CONTROL ROOM ENCLOSURE AT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

TRITIUM LABORATORY, TRA-666, INTERIOR. MAIN FLOOR. CONTROL ROOM ENCLOSURE AT CENTER OF VIEW. SIGN ABOVE DOOR SAYS "HYDRAULIC TEST FACILITY CONTROL ROOM." SIGN IN WINDOW SAYS "EATING AREA." "EVACUATION AND EMERGENCY INFORMATION" IS POSTED ON CABINET AT LEFT OF VIEW. INL NEGATIVE NO. HD30-2-3. Mike Crane, Photographer, 6/2001 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Reactor Area, Materials & Engineering Test Reactors, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Effects of 4-nonylphenol on benthic macroinvertebrates and insect emergence in littoral enclosures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schmude, K.L.; Liber, K.; Corry, T.D.

1999-03-01

The effect of 4-nonylphenol (NP) on benthic, freshwater macroinvertebrates in littoral enclosures was evaluated over a 2-year period. Enclosures received 11 NP applications, 48 h apart, with nominal rates of 3, 30, 100, and 300 {micro}g/L. Mean measured peak concentrations in integrated water column samples over the 20-d application period were 5 {+-} 4, 23 {+-} 11, 76 {+-} 21, and 243 {+-} 41 {micro}g/L NP. Concentrations of NP in the water column decreased rapidly after the last application. Maximum NP concentrations measured in sediments, pore water, and macrophytes of a 300-{micro}g/L enclosure were 27.4 mg/kg, 29.9 {micro}g/L, and 89.6more » mg/kg, respectively. The most abundant macroinvertebrate groups, Chironomidae, Oligochaeta, and Mollusca, decreased in abundance after application. Effects on Mollusca were the most severe. Their numbers were significantly reduced at the highest treatment throughout most of the study. Oligochaetes and chironomids were also significantly reduced at the highest treatment, but populations recovered within 6 weeks. Snails and naidid oligochaetes were slightly affected at the second highest treatment (76 {+-} 21 {micro}g/L NP). Insect emergence was reduced during and immediately post-application, but the effects were likely caused or compounded by a surfactant sheen on the surface of the water that interfered with emergence and/or oviposition. The observed effects on the benthic community were most likely due to exposure from the water, although more persistent macrophyte-associated residues may have contributed to effects on Gastropoda, Naididae, and Tanytarsini. Macrophyte-associated NP residues may pose a small risk to benthic organisms, but it is probably minor compared to water exposures. The no-observed and lowest-observed-effect concentration for the benthic community was 23 {+-} 11 and 76 {+-} 21 {micro}g/L NP, respectively.« less

A novel resource sharing algorithm based on distributed construction for radiant enclosure problems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Finzell, Peter; Bryden, Kenneth M.

This study demonstrates a novel approach to solving inverse radiant enclosure problems based on distributed construction. Specifically, the problem of determining the temperature distribution needed on the heater surfaces to achieve a desired design surface temperature profile is recast as a distributed construction problem in which a shared resource, temperature, is distributed by computational agents moving blocks. The sharing of blocks between agents enables them to achieve their desired local state, which in turn achieves the desired global state. Each agent uses the current state of their local environment and a simple set of rules to determine when to exchangemore » blocks, each block representing a discrete unit of temperature change. This algorithm is demonstrated using the established two-dimensional inverse radiation enclosure problem. The temperature profile on the heater surfaces is adjusted to achieve a desired temperature profile on the design surfaces. The resource sharing algorithm was able to determine the needed temperatures on the heater surfaces to obtain the desired temperature distribution on the design surfaces in the nine cases examined.« less

A novel resource sharing algorithm based on distributed construction for radiant enclosure problems

DOE PAGES

Finzell, Peter; Bryden, Kenneth M.

2017-03-06

This study demonstrates a novel approach to solving inverse radiant enclosure problems based on distributed construction. Specifically, the problem of determining the temperature distribution needed on the heater surfaces to achieve a desired design surface temperature profile is recast as a distributed construction problem in which a shared resource, temperature, is distributed by computational agents moving blocks. The sharing of blocks between agents enables them to achieve their desired local state, which in turn achieves the desired global state. Each agent uses the current state of their local environment and a simple set of rules to determine when to exchangemore » blocks, each block representing a discrete unit of temperature change. This algorithm is demonstrated using the established two-dimensional inverse radiation enclosure problem. The temperature profile on the heater surfaces is adjusted to achieve a desired temperature profile on the design surfaces. The resource sharing algorithm was able to determine the needed temperatures on the heater surfaces to obtain the desired temperature distribution on the design surfaces in the nine cases examined.« less

STS-57 Commander Grabe adjusts Thermal Enclosure System (TES) aboard OV-105

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

STS-57 Commander Ronald J. Grabe adjusts a bolt on the Thermal Enclosure System (TES) with Crystal Observation System (COS) experiment installation located in an aft locker (MA16J) on the middeck of Endeavour, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 105. Holding a camcorder in his right hand, Grabe prepares to monitor and record the crystal growth. The open airlock hatch is partially visible in the background.

The Freon loop double containment design for Spacelab refrigerator/freezer to protect environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hye, A.

1985-01-01

General Electric is building a vapor compression refrigerator/freezer for NASA-Johnson Space Center for the Spacelab mission SLS-1 for life sciences experiments. Freon R502 is used as refrigerant. As R502 is considered toxic, the whole Freon loop is enclosed in a second containment to avoid exposure to crewmen. A detailed description of the design and construction of the safety enclosure is presented.

The Mobile Base System, part of the Canadian arm, is revealed inside the container

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

With the lid removed, the wrapped Mobile Base System (MBS) is revealed inside its transport container. The MBS is part of the Canadian Space Agency's Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS), which is part of the payload on mission STS-100 to the International Space Station.

An angle-by-angle approach to predicting broadband high-frequency sound fields in rectangular enclosures with experimental comparison.

PubMed

Franzoni, Linda P; Elliott, Christopher M

2003-10-01

Experiments were performed on an elongated rectangular acoustic enclosure with different levels of absorptive material placed on side walls and an end wall. The acoustic source was a broadband high-frequency sound from a loudspeaker flush-mounted to an end wall of the enclosure. Measurements of sound-pressure levels were averaged in cross sections of the enclosure and then compared to theoretical results. Discrepancies between the experimental results and theoretical predictions that treated all incidence angles as equally probable led to the development of an angle-by-angle approach. The new approach agrees well with the experimentally obtained values. In addition, treating the absorptive material as bulk reacting rather than point reacting was found to significantly change the theoretical value for the absorption coefficient and to improve agreement with experiment. The new theory refines an earlier theory based on power conservation and locally diffuse assumptions. Furthermore, the new theory includes both the angle of incidence effects on the resistive and reactive properties of the absorptive material, and the effects of angle filtering, i.e., that reflecting waves associated with shallow angles become relatively stronger than those associated with steep angles as a function of distance from the source.

9 CFR 3.36 - Primary enclosures used to transport live guinea pigs and hamsters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... live guinea pigs and hamsters. 3.36 Section 3.36 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH..., Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Guinea Pigs and Hamsters Transportation Standards § 3.36 Primary enclosures used to transport live guinea pigs and hamsters. No person subject to the Animal Welfare...

An Educational Laboratory Experiment to Demonstrate the Development of Fires in a Long Enclosure

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moinuddin, Khalid

2013-01-01

This paper is aimed at describing an experiment involving flame-front movement across the fuel package located within long enclosures and associated heat transfer mechanism. There is a growing interest in incorporating safety education in the chemical engineering curriculum, especially in relation to "facility siting." This experiment is…

9 CFR 3.36 - Primary enclosures used to transport live guinea pigs and hamsters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... live guinea pigs and hamsters. 3.36 Section 3.36 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH..., Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Guinea Pigs and Hamsters Transportation Standards § 3.36 Primary enclosures used to transport live guinea pigs and hamsters. No person subject to the Animal Welfare...

9 CFR 3.36 - Primary enclosures used to transport live guinea pigs and hamsters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... live guinea pigs and hamsters. 3.36 Section 3.36 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH..., Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Guinea Pigs and Hamsters Transportation Standards § 3.36 Primary enclosures used to transport live guinea pigs and hamsters. No person subject to the Animal Welfare...

9 CFR 3.36 - Primary enclosures used to transport live guinea pigs and hamsters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... live guinea pigs and hamsters. 3.36 Section 3.36 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH..., Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Guinea Pigs and Hamsters Transportation Standards § 3.36 Primary enclosures used to transport live guinea pigs and hamsters. No person subject to the Animal Welfare...

9 CFR 3.36 - Primary enclosures used to transport live guinea pigs and hamsters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... live guinea pigs and hamsters. 3.36 Section 3.36 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH..., Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Guinea Pigs and Hamsters Transportation Standards § 3.36 Primary enclosures used to transport live guinea pigs and hamsters. No person subject to the Animal Welfare...

20 CFR 726.103 - Application for authority to self-insure; effect of regulations contained in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... § 726.103 Application for authority to self-insure; effect of regulations contained in this part. As... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Application for authority to self-insure; effect of regulations contained in this part. 726.103 Section 726.103 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT...

Asbestos-Containing Materials in School Buildings: A Guidance Document. Part 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has worked with the states to develop a program for accurate information and guidance to deal with the problem of school buildings constructed with asbestos-containing materials. This is the first of two guidance manuals that are a major part of this program and are being mailed to all public school…

Risks incurred by hydrogen escaping from containers and conduits

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Swain, M.R.; Grilliot, E.S.

1998-08-01

This paper is a discussion of a method for hydrogen leak classification. Leaks are classified as; gas escapes into enclosed spaces, gas escapes into partially enclosed spaces (vented), and gas escapes into unenclosed spaces. Each of the three enclosure classifications is further divided into two subclasses; total volume of hydrogen escaped and flow rate of escaping hydrogen. A method to aid in risk assessment determination in partially enclosed spaces is proposed and verified for several enclosure geometries. Examples are discussed for additional enclosure geometries.

Methods of Responsibly Managing End-of-Life Foams and Plastics Containing Flame Retardants: Part II.

PubMed

Lucas, Donald; Petty, Sara M; Keen, Olya; Luedeka, Bob; Schlummer, Martin; Weber, Roland; Yazdani, Ramin; Riise, Brian; Rhodes, James; Nightingale, Dave; Diamond, Miriam L; Vijgen, John; Lindeman, Avery; Blum, Arlene; Koshland, Catherine P

2018-06-01

This is Part II of a review covering the wide range of issues associated with all aspects of the use and responsible disposal of foam and plastic wastes containing toxic or potentially toxic flame retardants. We identify basic and applied research needs in the areas of responsible collection, pretreatment, processing, and management of these wastes. In Part II, we explore alternative technologies for the management of halogenated flame retardant (HFR) containing wastes, including chemical, mechanical, and thermal processes for recycling, treatment, and disposal.

Measure Guideline. Deep Energy Enclosure Retrofit for Interior Insulation of Masonry Walls

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Musunuru, S.; Pettit, B.

2015-04-30

This Measure Guideline describes a deep energy enclosure retrofit solution for insulating mass masonry buildings from the interior. It describes the retrofit assembly, technical details, and installation sequence for retrofitting masonry walls. Interior insulation of masonry retrofits might adversely affect the durability of the wall. This guideline includes a review of decision criteria pertinent to retrofitting masonry walls from the interior and the possible risk of freeze-thaw damage.

Reconsidering the effects of tannin on seed dispersal by rodents: evidence from enclosure and field experiments with artificial seeds.

PubMed

Zhang, Mingming; Steele, Michael A; Yi, Xianfeng

2013-11-01

The question of how tannin affects feeding and hoarding preferences of rodents still remains poorly understood, in part, because it is difficult to control for other seed traits when considering the sole effect of tannin. Here, we constructed a series of artificial 'seeds' with different tannin levels, made from wheat flour, peanut powder and hydrolysable tannins, to determine the direct effects of tannin on both feeding and hoarding preferences. We first presented 'seeds' to individual rodents of two species (Tamias sibiricus and Apodemus peninsulae) confined in semi-natural enclosures and then monitored patterns of seed dispersal and consumption by free-ranging animals in a temperate forest in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains, Heilongjiang Province of China. Our results showed that small rodents displayed a significant preference for low-tannin 'seeds' for both consumption and caching in both captive and field experiments. Moreover, our two-year study consistently showed that tannin concentration was significantly and negatively correlated with the number of cached 'seeds' at both the individual and population levels. Seed size, compared with tannin concentrations, appeared to have little effect on dispersal distances and the number of 'seeds' cached. Low-tannin 'seeds' tended to be dispersed greater distances by rodents in the field than those with higher levels of tannin. These results failed to support those of previous reports indicating that acorns containing higher tannins are more likely to be cached by food hoarding animals. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

30 CFR 77.701-2 - Approved methods of grounding metallic frames, casings, and other enclosures of electric...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... representative of the Secretary, which insures that there is no difference in potential between such metal... there is no difference in potential between such frames, casings, and other enclosures, and the earth. ...

30 CFR 77.701-2 - Approved methods of grounding metallic frames, casings, and other enclosures of electric...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... representative of the Secretary, which insures that there is no difference in potential between such metal... there is no difference in potential between such frames, casings, and other enclosures, and the earth. ...

An integrated experimental and computational approach to material selection for sound proof thermally insulted enclosure of a power generation system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Waheed, R.; Tarar, W.; Saeed, H. A.

2016-08-01

Sound proof canopies for diesel power generators are fabricated with a layer of sound absorbing material applied to all the inner walls. The physical properties of the majority of commercially available sound proofing materials reveal that a material with high sound absorption coefficient has very low thermal conductivity. Consequently a good sound absorbing material is also a good heat insulator. In this research it has been found through various experiments that ordinary sound proofing materials tend to rise the inside temperature of sound proof enclosure in certain turbo engines by capturing the heat produced by engine and not allowing it to be transferred to atmosphere. The same phenomenon is studied by creating a finite element model of the sound proof enclosure and performing a steady state and transient thermal analysis. The prospects of using aluminium foam as sound proofing material has been studied and it is found that inside temperature of sound proof enclosure can be cut down to safe working temperature of power generator engine without compromise on sound proofing.

Measure Guideline: Deep Energy Enclosure Retrofit for Interior Insulation of Masonry Walls

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Musunuru, S.; Pettit, B.

2015-04-01

This Measure Guideline describes a deep energy enclosure retrofit (DEER) solution for insulating mass masonry buildings from the interior. It describes the retrofit assembly, technical details, and installation sequence for retrofitting masonry walls. Interior insulation of masonry retrofits has the potential to adversely affect the durability of the wall; this document includes a review of decision criteria pertinent to retrofitting masonry walls from the interior and the possible risk of freeze-thaw damage.

Persistence and distribution of 4-nonylphenol following repeated application to littoral enclosures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Heinis, L.J.; Liber, K.; Tunell, R.L.

1999-03-01

The persistence and distribution of 4-nonylphenol (NP) were monitored for 440 d, following application to 18 littoral enclosures situated in a 2-ha mesotrophic pond near Duluth, Minnesota. Application was accomplished by subsurface, gravity-fed injection over a 20-d period, with a 2-d frequency, to achieve nominal aqueous concentrations of 0, 3, 30, 100, and 300 {micro}g/L. Mean maximum concentrations in the water over the 20-d application period ranged from 75.7 to 81.0% of nominal for the three highest treatment levels and was 181% of nominal at the lowest treatment level. Water was the major compartment, on a mass balance basis, formore » NP until 2 to 4 d after the application period, with a mean time to 50% dissipation (DT50) of 0.74 d and a mean time to 95% dissipation (DT95) of 13.8 d. 4-Nonylphenol partitioned to enclosure wall material, macrophytes, and sediment within 2 d of initial application. Macrophytes accumulated maximum NP concentrations of 11.5 and 139 mg/kg 1 to 2 d after the application period at the 30- and 300-{micro}g/L treatment levels, respectively. Mean DT50 and DT95 estimates of NP persistence in/on the macrophytes were 10.3 and 189 d, respectively. Sediment from the 30- and 300-{micro}g/L treatments accumulated maximum dry weight NP concentrations of 2.74 and 27.4 mg/kg, respectively within 20 to 48 d of the first application. The mean sediment porewater NP concentration was 18.6 {micro}g/L for the period 2 to 34 d after application 1 at the 300-{micro}g/L treatment. The sediment was the primary sink for NP 440 d after the initial application with a concentration of 1.97 mg/kg at the 300-{micro}g/L treatment. Mean sediment DT50 and DT95 values were 66.0 and 401 d, respectively, indicating a long-term persistence of NP. Ecocores collected 1 d after the final NP application did not show significant decreases in sediment NP concentration during a 55-d incubation period, corroborating the NP persistence observed in the littoral enclosures.« less

First Interlaboratory Comparison on Calibration of Temperature-Controlled Enclosures in Turkey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uytun, A.; Kalemci, M.

2017-11-01

The number of accredited laboratories in the field of calibration of temperature-controlled enclosures has been increasing in Turkey. One of the main criteria demonstrating the competence of a calibration laboratory is successful participation in interlaboratory comparisons. Therefore, TUBITAK UME Temperature Laboratory organized the first interlaboratory comparison on "Calibration of Temperature-Controlled Enclosures" in Turkey as a pilot laboratory between January and November, 2013. Forty accredited laboratories which provide routine calibration services to the industry in this field participated in the comparison. The standards used during the comparison was a climatic chamber for the measurements at -40 {°}C, -20 {°}C, 40 {°}C and 100 {°}C and an oven for the measurements at 200 {°}C. The protocol of the comparison was prepared considering guide EURAMET cg-20 and BS EN/IEC standards 600068-3-5 and 600068-3-11. During the comparison measurements, each participant had the liberty to choose the most convenient calibration points in terms of their accreditation scope among the values mentioned above and carried out on-site measurements at UME. The details and the results of this comparison are given in the paper. Determination of the statistical consistency of the results with the uncertainties given by the participants can be assessed by the method of En value assessment for each laboratory. En values for all measurement results based on the results of pilot and participating laboratories were calculated.

Convective instability in a porous enclosure with a horizontal conducting baffle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, F.; Wang, C.Y.

1993-08-01

The study of heat transfer in a fluid-saturated porous medium is essential in a variety of practical situations, including thermal insulation design and geothermal energy utilization. The present paper studies the convective instability in a two-dimensional porous enclosure with a horizontal baffle protruding from one of the side walls. The vertical side walls are insulated, while the top and bottom surfaces are maintained at lower and higher constant temperatures, respectively. The present work considers a baffle of high conductivity. We assume the baffle temperature can be considered constant throughout. We ask, for a given enclosure aspect ratio, is the additionmore » of another physical constraint (such as lengthening a baffle) always stabilizing Is there an optimum baffle location and length such that the critical Rayleigh number is maximized In summary, several concluding remarks can be drawn in the following: (1) Other dimensions being same, a centered baffle always results in a more stable state than an off-centered baffle. (2) A full-length baffle, i.e., [beta]/[sigma] = 1, does not necessarily lead to greater stability. Instead, the value of ([beta]/[sigma])[sub max] is usually less than unity. For a centered baffle, the maximum R[sup c] occurs for [beta]/[sigma] [ge] ([beta]/[sigma])[sub max]; while for an off-centered baffle, the maximum R[sup c] occurs at ([beta]/[sigma])[sub max]. (3) The value of ([beta]/[sigma])[sub max] increases with [sigma]. 6 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.« less

Efficacy of spray –Dried Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A (Zequanox®), for controlling Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) within Lake Minnetonka, MN enclosures

USGS Publications Warehouse

Luoma, James A.; Severson, Todd J.

2016-01-01

The efficacy of whole water column and subsurface applications of the biopesticide Zequanox®, a commercially prepared spray-dried powder formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain CL145A), were evaluated for controlling zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) within 27-m2 enclosures in Lake Minnetonka (Deephaven, Minnesota). Five treatments consisting of (1) two whole water column Zequanox applications, (2) two subsurface Zequanox applications, and (3) an untreated control were completed on each of three independent treatment days during September 2014. The two types of samplers used in the study were (1) type 1 samplers, which were custom built multi-plate samplers (wood, perforated aluminum, and tile substrates) that were placed into Robinson’s Bay in June of 2013 to allow for natural colonization by zebra mussels, and (2) type 2 samplers, which consisted of zebra mussels adhering to perforated aluminum trays that were placed into mesh containment bags. One day prior to treatment, three individual samplers of each type were distributed to test enclosures and exposed to a randomly assigned treatment. Sampling to determine the zebra mussel biomass adhering to type 1 samplers and the survival assessments for zebra mussels contained in type 2 samplers were completed ~40 days after exposure. The zebra mussel biomass adhering to type 1 samplers and the survival of zebra mussels contained in type 2 samplers were significantly less in groups treated with the highest Zequanox concentrations and in groups that received whole water column applications than comparable groups treated with lower Zequanox concentrations and subsurface applications. However, standardization of biomass and survival results to the amount of Zequanox applied showed that the lower concentrations and subsurface applications were more cost efficient, with respect to product used, at reducing zebra mussel biomass and for inducing zebra mussel mortality. Although the subsurface application methods

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Workers in KSC's Vertical Processing Facility prepare a solid state recorder for installation in a protective enclosure as part of the prelaunch preparations for STS-82, the second Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission. The digital solid state recorder will replace one of three engineering/science tape recorders on Hubble. The solid state recorder has no moving parts to wear out. It also is more flexible than a reel-to-reel recorder and can store 10 times as much data. Liftoff aboard Discovery is targeted Feb. 11 with a crew of seven.

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-01-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Workers in KSC's Vertical Processing Facility prepare a solid state recorder for installation in a protective enclosure as part of the prelaunch preparations for STS-82, the second Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission. The digital solid state recorder will replace one of three engineering/science tape recorders on Hubble. The solid state recorder has no moving parts to wear out. It also is more flexible than a reel-to-reel recorder and can store 10 times as much data. Liftoff aboard Discovery is targeted Feb. 11 with a crew of seven.

Measure Guideline. Deep Energy Enclosure Retrofit for Zero Energy Ready House Flat Roofs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Loomis, H.; Pettit, B.

2015-05-29

This Measure Guideline provides design and construction information for a deep energy enclosure retrofit solution of a flat roof assembly. It describes the strategies and procedures for an exterior retrofit of a flat wood-framed roof with brick masonry exterior walls using exterior and interior (framing cavity) insulation. The approach supported in this guide could also be adapted for use with flat wood-framed roofs with wood-framed exterior walls.

Measure Guideline: Deep Energy Enclosure Retrofit for Zero Energy Ready House Flat Roofs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Loomis, H.; Pettit, B.

2015-05-01

This Measure Guideline provides design and construction information for a deep energy enclosure retrofit (DEER) solution of a flat roof assembly. It describes the strategies and procedures for an exterior retrofit of a flat, wood-framed roof with brick masonry exterior walls, using exterior and interior (framing cavity) insulation. The approach supported in this guide could also be adapted for use with flat, wood-framed roofs with wood-framed exterior walls.

Measure Guideline: Deep Energy Enclosure Retrofit for Double-Stud Walls

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Loomis, H.; Pettit, B.

2015-06-01

This Measure Guideline describes a deep energy enclosure retrofit (DEER) solution that provides insulation to the interior of the wall assembly with the use of a double stud wall. The guide describes two approaches to retrofitting the existing the walls: one involving replacement of the existing cladding, and the other that leaves the existing cladding in place. It discusses the design principles related to the use of various insulation types, and provides strategies and procedures for implementing the double stud wall retrofit. It also evaluates important moisture-related and indoor air quality measures that need to be implemented to achieve amore » durable, high performance wall.« less

Gas bremsstrahlung shielding calculation for first optic enclosure of ILSF medical beamline

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beigzadeh Jalali, H.; Salimi, E.; Rahighi, J.

2016-10-01

Gas bremsstrahlung is generated in high energy electron storage ring accompanies the synchrotron radiation into the beamlines and strike the various components of the beamline. In this paper, radiation shielding calculation for secondary gas bremsstrahlung is performed for the first optics enclosure (FOE) of medical beamline of the Iranian Light Source Facility (ILSF). Dose equivalent rate (DER) calculation is accomplished using FLUKA Monte Carlo code. A comprehensive study of DER distribution at the back wall, sides and roof is given.

30 CFR 75.703 - Grounding offtrack direct-current machines and the enclosures of related detached components.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Grounding offtrack direct-current machines and...-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Grounding § 75.703 Grounding offtrack direct-current machines and the enclosures of related detached components. [Statutory Provisions] The frames of all offtrack direct-current machines and...

30 CFR 75.703 - Grounding offtrack direct-current machines and the enclosures of related detached components.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Grounding offtrack direct-current machines and...-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Grounding § 75.703 Grounding offtrack direct-current machines and the enclosures of related detached components. [Statutory Provisions] The frames of all offtrack direct-current machines and...

9 CFR 381.78 - Condemnation of carcasses and parts: separation of poultry suspected of containing biological...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...: separation of poultry suspected of containing biological residues. 381.78 Section 381.78 Animals and Animal...; MANDATORY MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS INSPECTION AND VOLUNTARY INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION POULTRY PRODUCTS... carcasses and parts: separation of poultry suspected of containing biological residues. (a) At the time of...

A case study of view-factor rectification procedures for diffuse-gray radiation enclosure computations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Taylor, Robert P.; Luck, Rogelio

1995-01-01

The view factors which are used in diffuse-gray radiation enclosure calculations are often computed by approximate numerical integrations. These approximately calculated view factors will usually not satisfy the important physical constraints of reciprocity and closure. In this paper several view-factor rectification algorithms are reviewed and a rectification algorithm based on a least-squares numerical filtering scheme is proposed with both weighted and unweighted classes. A Monte-Carlo investigation is undertaken to study the propagation of view-factor and surface-area uncertainties into the heat transfer results of the diffuse-gray enclosure calculations. It is found that the weighted least-squares algorithm is vastly superior to the other rectification schemes for the reduction of the heat-flux sensitivities to view-factor uncertainties. In a sample problem, which has proven to be very sensitive to uncertainties in view factor, the heat transfer calculations with weighted least-squares rectified view factors are very good with an original view-factor matrix computed to only one-digit accuracy. All of the algorithms had roughly equivalent effects on the reduction in sensitivity to area uncertainty in this case study.

Effect of flow rate on environmental variables and phytoplankton dynamics: results from field enclosures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Haiping; Chen, Ruihong; Li, Feipeng; Chen, Ling

2015-03-01

To investigate the effects of flow rate on phytoplankton dynamics and related environment variables, a set of enclosure experiments with different flow rates were conducted in an artificial lake. We monitored nutrients, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, turbidity, chlorophyll- a and phytoplankton levels. The lower biomass in all flowing enclosures showed that flow rate significantly inhibited the growth of phytoplankton. A critical flow rate occurred near 0.06 m/s, which was the lowest relative inhibitory rate. Changes in flow conditions affected algal competition for light, resulting in a dramatic shift in phytoplankton composition, from blue-green algae in still waters to green algae in flowing conditions. These findings indicate that critical flow rate can be useful in developing methods to reduce algal bloom occurrence. However, flow rate significantly enhanced the inter-relationships among environmental variables, in particular by inducing higher water turbidity and vegetative reproduction of periphyton ( Spirogyra). These changes were accompanied by a decrease in underwater light intensity, which consequently inhibited the photosynthetic intensity of phytoplankton. These results warn that a universal critical flow rate might not exist, because the effect of flow rate on phytoplankton is interlinked with many other environmental variables.

Boundary conditions for the solution of the three-dimensional Poisson equation in open metallic enclosures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Biswas, Debabrata; Singh, Gaurav; Kumar, Raghwendra

2015-09-15

Numerical solution of the Poisson equation in metallic enclosures, open at one or more ends, is important in many practical situations, such as high power microwave or photo-cathode devices. It requires imposition of a suitable boundary condition at the open end. In this paper, methods for solving the Poisson equation are investigated for various charge densities and aspect ratios of the open ends. It is found that a mixture of second order and third order local asymptotic boundary conditions is best suited for large aspect ratios, while a proposed non-local matching method, based on the solution of the Laplace equation,more » scores well when the aspect ratio is near unity for all charge density variations, including ones where the centre of charge is close to an open end or the charge density is non-localized. The two methods complement each other and can be used in electrostatic calculations where the computational domain needs to be terminated at the open boundaries of the metallic enclosure.« less

29 CFR 1928.53 - Protective enclosures for wheel-type agricultural tractors-test procedures and performance...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... accomplished by using a 4,410-lb (2,000-kg) weight acting as a pendulum. The impact face of the weight shall be... of the pendulum will swing, or alternatively, two sets of symmetrically located cables may be used at... from the rear, followed by a load to the side on the same enclosure structure. The pendulum swinging...

29 CFR 1928.53 - Protective enclosures for wheel-type agricultural tractors-test procedures and performance...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... accomplished by using a 4,410-lb (2,000-kg) weight acting as a pendulum. The impact face of the weight shall be... of the pendulum will swing, or alternatively, two sets of symmetrically located cables may be used at... from the rear, followed by a load to the side on the same enclosure structure. The pendulum swinging...

29 CFR 1928.53 - Protective enclosures for wheel-type agricultural tractors-test procedures and performance...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... accomplished by using a 4,410-lb (2,000-kg) weight acting as a pendulum. The impact face of the weight shall be... of the pendulum will swing, or alternatively, two sets of symmetrically located cables may be used at... from the rear, followed by a load to the side on the same enclosure structure. The pendulum swinging...

29 CFR 1928.53 - Protective enclosures for wheel-type agricultural tractors-test procedures and performance...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... accomplished by using a 4,410-lb (2,000-kg) weight acting as a pendulum. The impact face of the weight shall be... of the pendulum will swing, or alternatively, two sets of symmetrically located cables may be used at... from the rear, followed by a load to the side on the same enclosure structure. The pendulum swinging...

Effects of a herbicide mixture on primary and bacterial productivity in four prairie wetlands with varying salinities: an enclosure approach.

PubMed

Sura, Srinivas; Waiser, Marley J; Tumber, Vijay; Raina-Fulton, Renata; Cessna, Allan J

2015-04-15

Wetlands in the Prairie pothole region of Saskatchewan and Manitoba serve an important role in providing wildlife habitat, water storage and water filtration. They display a wide range of water quality parameters such as salinity, nutrients and major ions with sulfate as the dominant ion for the most saline wetlands. The differences in these water quality parameters among wetlands are reflected in the composition of aquatic plant communities and their productivity. Interspersed within an intensely managed agricultural landscape where pesticides are commonly used, mixtures of herbicides are often detected in these wetlands as well as in rivers, and drinking water reservoirs. One freshwater and three wetlands of varying salinity in the St. Denis National Wildlife Area, Saskatchewan, Canada were selected to study the effects of a mixture of eight herbicides (2,4-D, MCPA, dicamba, clopyralid, bromoxynil, mecoprop, dichlorprop, and glyphosate) on wetland microbial communities using an outdoor enclosure approach. Six enclosures (three controls and three treatments) were installed in each wetland and the herbicide mixture added to the treatment enclosures. The concentration of each herbicide in the enclosure water was that which would have resulted from a direct overspray of a 0.5-m deep wetland at its recommended field application rate. After herbicide addition, primary and bacterial productivity, and algal biomass were measured in both planktonic and benthic communities over 28 days. The herbicide mixture had a stimulatory effect on primary productivity in the nutrient-sufficient freshwater wetland while no stimulatory effect was observed in the nutrient-deficient saline wetlands. The differences observed in the effects of the herbicide mixture appear to be related to the nutrient bioavailability in these wetlands. Crown Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Vibration measurements of the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope mount, Coudé rotator, and enclosure assemblies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McBride, William R.; McBride, Daniel R.

2016-08-01

The Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) will be the largest solar telescope in the world, with a 4-meter off-axis primary mirror and 16 meter rotating Coudé laboratory within the telescope pier. The off-axis design requires a mount similar to an 8-meter on-axis telescope. Both the telescope mount and the Coudé laboratory utilize a roller bearing technology in place of the more commonly used hydrostatic bearings. The telescope enclosure utilizes a crawler mechanism for the altitude axis. As these mechanisms have not previously been used in a telescope, understanding the vibration characteristics and the potential impact on the telescope image is important. This paper presents the methodology used to perform jitter measurements of the enclosure and the mount bearings and servo system in a high-noise environment utilizing seismic accelerometers and high dynamic-range data acquisition equipment, along with digital signal processing (DSP) techniques. Data acquisition and signal processing were implemented in MATLAB. In the factory acceptance testing of the telescope mount, multiple accelerometers were strategically located to capture the six axes-of-motion of the primary and secondary mirror dummies. The optical sensitivity analysis was used to map these mirror mount displacements and rotations into units of image motion on the focal plane. Similarly, tests were done with the Coudé rotator, treating the entire rotating instrument lab as a rigid body. Testing was performed by recording accelerometer data while the telescope control system performed tracking operations typical of various observing scenarios. The analysis of the accelerometer data utilized noise-averaging fast Fourier transform (FFT) routines, spectrograms, and periodograms. To achieve adequate dynamic range at frequencies as low as 3Hz, the use of special filters and advanced windowing functions were necessary. Numerous identical automated tests were compared to identify and select the data sets

Measure Guideline: Deep Energy Enclosure Retrofit for Double-Stud Walls

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Loomis, H.; Pettit, B.

2015-06-22

This Measure Guideline describes a deep energy enclosure retrofit solution that provides insulation to the interior of the wall assembly with the use of a double-stud wall. The guide describes two approaches to retrofitting the existing walls—one that involves replacing the existing cladding and the other that leaves the cladding in place. This guideline also covers the design principles related to the use of various insulation types and provides strategies and procedures for implementing the double-stud wall retrofit. It also includes an evaluation of important moisture-related and indoor air quality measures that need to be implemented to achieve a durablemore » high-performance wall.« less

29 CFR 1928.53 - Protective enclosures for wheel-type agricultural tractors-test procedures and performance...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...,000-kg) weight acting as a pendulum. The impact face of the weight shall be 27 ±1 in. by 27 ±1 in... restraining cables shall be located in the plane in which the center of gravity of the pendulum will swing, or... side on the same enclosure structure. The pendulum swinging from the height determined by paragraph (d...

10 CFR 1044.02 - Who must follow the requirements contained in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Who must follow the requirements contained in this part? 1044.02 Section 1044.02 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTED DISCLOSURES UNDER SECTION 3164 OF THE NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2000 § 1044.02 Who must follow the requirements...

10 CFR 1044.02 - Who must follow the requirements contained in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Who must follow the requirements contained in this part? 1044.02 Section 1044.02 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTED DISCLOSURES UNDER SECTION 3164 OF THE NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2000 § 1044.02 Who must follow the requirements...

10 CFR 1044.02 - Who must follow the requirements contained in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Who must follow the requirements contained in this part? 1044.02 Section 1044.02 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTED DISCLOSURES UNDER SECTION 3164 OF THE NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2000 § 1044.02 Who must follow the requirements...

10 CFR 1044.02 - Who must follow the requirements contained in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Who must follow the requirements contained in this part? 1044.02 Section 1044.02 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTED DISCLOSURES UNDER SECTION 3164 OF THE NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2000 § 1044.02 Who must follow the requirements...

10 CFR 1044.02 - Who must follow the requirements contained in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Who must follow the requirements contained in this part? 1044.02 Section 1044.02 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTED DISCLOSURES UNDER SECTION 3164 OF THE NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2000 § 1044.02 Who must follow the requirements...

Mating competitiveness of Aedes albopictus radio-sterilized males in large enclosures exposed to natural conditions.

PubMed

Bellini, R; Balestrino, F; Medici, A; Gentile, G; Veronesi, R; Carrieri, M

2013-01-01

Mating competitiveness trials have been conducted in large net-screened enclosures (8 by 5 by 2.8 m) built in a natural shaded environment, in the summers of 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 in northern Italy. Aedes albopictus (Skuse) males were radio-sterilized by applying gamma radiations at doses in the range 30-60 Gy. Gamma radiation was administered to aged pupae at the rate of 2.3 Gy/min. Reared radiated males (originally collected in Rimini, Forli, Bologna, Matera, Pinerolo) and hybrid radiated males were tested against wild fertile males (originated from eggs collected in Rimini and Cesena) and reared fertile males, in multiple comparisons for mating competitiveness with reared or wild females. The ratio was kept constant at 100-100_100 (fertile males-radiated males_virgin females). Mating competitiveness was estimated through the calculation of the hatching rate of the eggs laid in oviposition traps positioned inside enclosures. No clear effect of the strains tested (reared, wild, or hybrid) was found. Results demonstrated that reducing the radiation dose from 60 to 30 Gy increases males' competitiveness. Laboratory investigations conducted after controversial results in the 2006 preliminary trials, showed that radiation induces precociousness in adult male emergence.

Virtual sensors for active noise control in acoustic-structural coupled enclosures using structural sensing: part II--Optimization of structural sensor placement.

PubMed

Halim, Dunant; Cheng, Li; Su, Zhongqing

2011-04-01

The work proposed an optimization approach for structural sensor placement to improve the performance of vibro-acoustic virtual sensor for active noise control applications. The vibro-acoustic virtual sensor was designed to estimate the interior sound pressure of an acoustic-structural coupled enclosure using structural sensors. A spectral-spatial performance metric was proposed, which was used to quantify the averaged structural sensor output energy of a vibro-acoustic system excited by a spatially varying point source. It was shown that (i) the overall virtual sensing error energy was contributed additively by the modal virtual sensing error and the measurement noise energy; (ii) each of the modal virtual sensing error system was contributed by both the modal observability levels for the structural sensing and the target acoustic virtual sensing; and further (iii) the strength of each modal observability level was influenced by the modal coupling and resonance frequencies of the associated uncoupled structural/cavity modes. An optimal design of structural sensor placement was proposed to achieve sufficiently high modal observability levels for certain important panel- and cavity-controlled modes. Numerical analysis on a panel-cavity system demonstrated the importance of structural sensor placement on virtual sensing and active noise control performance, particularly for cavity-controlled modes.

Heat, Mass and Aerosol Transfers in Spray Conditions for Containment Application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Porcheron, Emmanuel; Lemaitre, Pascal; Nuboer, Amandine; Vendel, Jacques

TOSQAN is an experimental program undertaken by the Institut de Radioprotection et de Surété Nucleaire (IRSN) in order to perform thermal hydraulic containment studies. The TOSQAN facility is a large enclosure devoted to simulating typical accidental thermal hydraulic flow conditions in nuclear Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) containment. The TOSQAN facility, which is highly instrumented with non-intrusive optical diagnostics, is particularly adapted to nuclear safety CFD code validation. The present work is devoted to studying the interaction of a water spray injection used as a mitigation means in order to reduce the gas pressure and temperature in the containment, to produce gases mixing and washout of fission products. In order to have a better understanding of heat and mass transfers between spray droplets and the gas mixture, and to analyze mixing effects due to spray activation, we performed detailed characterization of the two-phase flow.

29 CFR Appendix I to Part 1917 - Special Cargo Gear and Container Spreader Test Requirements (Mandatory) [see § 1917.50(c)(5)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Special Cargo Gear and Container Spreader Test Requirements.... I Appendix I to Part 1917—Special Cargo Gear and Container Spreader Test Requirements (Mandatory... 3. Intermodal container spreaders not part of vessel's cargo handling gear Prior to initial use...

29 CFR Appendix I to Part 1917 - Special Cargo Gear and Container Spreader Test Requirements (Mandatory) [see § 1917.50(c)(5)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Special Cargo Gear and Container Spreader Test Requirements.... I Appendix I to Part 1917—Special Cargo Gear and Container Spreader Test Requirements (Mandatory... 3. Intermodal container spreaders not part of vessel's cargo handling gear Prior to initial use...

29 CFR Appendix I to Part 1917 - Special Cargo Gear and Container Spreader Test Requirements (Mandatory) [see § 1917.50(c)(5)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Special Cargo Gear and Container Spreader Test Requirements.... I Appendix I to Part 1917—Special Cargo Gear and Container Spreader Test Requirements (Mandatory... 3. Intermodal container spreaders not part of vessel's cargo handling gear Prior to initial use...

29 CFR Appendix IV to Part 1918 - Special Cargo Gear and Container Spreader Test Requirements (Mandatory) [see § 1918.61 (f), (g...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Special Cargo Gear and Container Spreader Test Requirements... REGULATIONS FOR LONGSHORING Pt. 1918, App. IV Appendix IV to Part 1918—Special Cargo Gear and Container... structural damage repair 3. Intermodal container spreaders not part of vessel's cargo handling gear Prior to...

29 CFR Appendix IV to Part 1918 - Special Cargo Gear and Container Spreader Test Requirements (Mandatory) [see § 1918.61 (f), (g...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Special Cargo Gear and Container Spreader Test Requirements... REGULATIONS FOR LONGSHORING Pt. 1918, App. IV Appendix IV to Part 1918—Special Cargo Gear and Container... structural damage repair 3. Intermodal container spreaders not part of vessel's cargo handling gear Prior to...

29 CFR Appendix IV to Part 1918 - Special Cargo Gear and Container Spreader Test Requirements (Mandatory) [see § 1918.61 (f), (g...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Special Cargo Gear and Container Spreader Test Requirements... REGULATIONS FOR LONGSHORING Pt. 1918, App. IV Appendix IV to Part 1918—Special Cargo Gear and Container... structural damage repair 3. Intermodal container spreaders not part of vessel's cargo handling gear Prior to...

Natural convection heat transfer for a staggered array of heated, horizontal cylinders within a rectangular enclosure

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Triplett, C.E.

1996-12-01

This thesis presents the results of an experimental investigation of natural convection heat transfer in a staggered array of heated cylinders, oriented horizontally within a rectangular enclosure. The main purpose of this research was to extend the knowledge of heat transfer within enclosed bundles of spent nuclear fuel rods sealed within a shipping or storage container. This research extends Canaan`s investigation of an aligned array of heated cylinders that thermally simulated a boiling water reactor (BWR) spent fuel assembly sealed within a shipping or storage cask. The results are presented in terms of piecewise Nusselt-Rayleigh number correlations of the formmore » Nu = C(Ra){sup n}, where C and n are constants. Correlations are presented both for individual rods within the array and for the array as a whole. The correlations are based only on the convective component of the heat transfer. The radiative component was calculated with a finite-element code that used measured surface temperatures, rod array geometry, and measured surface emissivities as inputs. The correlation results are compared to Canaan`s aligned array results and to other studies of natural convection in horizontal tube arrays.« less

30 CFR 75.701-3 - Approved methods of grounding metallic frames, casings and other enclosures of electric equipment...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., casings and other enclosures of electric equipment receiving power from direct current power systems with... equipment receiving power from direct current power systems with one polarity grounded. For the purpose of... direct-current power system with one polarity grounded, the following methods of grounding will be...

30 CFR 75.701-3 - Approved methods of grounding metallic frames, casings and other enclosures of electric equipment...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., casings and other enclosures of electric equipment receiving power from direct current power systems with... equipment receiving power from direct current power systems with one polarity grounded. For the purpose of... direct-current power system with one polarity grounded, the following methods of grounding will be...

30 CFR 75.701-3 - Approved methods of grounding metallic frames, casings and other enclosures of electric equipment...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., casings and other enclosures of electric equipment receiving power from direct current power systems with... equipment receiving power from direct current power systems with one polarity grounded. For the purpose of... direct-current power system with one polarity grounded, the following methods of grounding will be...

30 CFR 75.701-3 - Approved methods of grounding metallic frames, casings and other enclosures of electric equipment...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., casings and other enclosures of electric equipment receiving power from direct current power systems with... equipment receiving power from direct current power systems with one polarity grounded. For the purpose of... direct-current power system with one polarity grounded, the following methods of grounding will be...

30 CFR 75.701-3 - Approved methods of grounding metallic frames, casings and other enclosures of electric equipment...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., casings and other enclosures of electric equipment receiving power from direct current power systems with... equipment receiving power from direct current power systems with one polarity grounded. For the purpose of... direct-current power system with one polarity grounded, the following methods of grounding will be...

Use of fish species from different trophic levels to control algae and water quality: An enclosure experiment in eutrophic area of Xiaojiang River.

PubMed

Hu, Lian; Yang, Zhi; Pan, Xiaojie; Zhao, Na; Peng, Jianhua; Wan, Chengyan

2017-01-01

The effects of stocking both filter-feeding fish and piscivorous fish were compared to the effects of stocking only filter-feeding fish for suppressing algal blooms and improving water quality in the impoundment area of Xiaojiang River where catfish were dominant. Using only filter-feeding fish for algal suppression and water quality control was more effective in the short-term, but use of both filter-feeding fish and piscivorous fish was better in the long-term. Obvious suppression of phytoplankton biomass (PB) only occurred during the first 14 days regardless of the fish stocked. Adding fish to the enclosure clearly alters phytoplankton community structure and introducing piscivorous fish to an enclosure stocked with filter-feeding fish changed the relative densities of dominant algae species. While stocking filter-feeding fish decreased total nitrogen concentration by removing phytoplankton, it did not effectively decrease total phosphorus and Chlorophyll a concentrations. Introducing piscivorous fish to the enclosure weakened the relationship between nutrients and phytoplankton. Results indicate that stocking only filter-feeding fish to improve water quality and suppress phytoplankton in an impoundment area is insufficient and other technologies and means should be applied simultaneously.

Evidence of Polyandry for Aedes aegypti in Semifield Enclosures

PubMed Central

Helinski, Michelle E. H.; Valerio, Laura; Facchinelli, Luca; Scott, Thomas W.; Ramsey, Janine; Harrington, Laura C.

2012-01-01

Female Aedes aegypti are assumed to be primarily monandrous (i.e., mate only once in their lifetime), but true estimates of mating frequency have not been determined outside the laboratory. To assess polyandry in Ae. aegypti with first-generation progeny from wild mosquitoes, stable isotope semen-labeled males (15N or 13C) were allowed to mate with unlabeled females in semifield enclosures (22.5 m3) in a dengue-endemic area in southern Mexico. On average, 14% of females were positive for both labels, indicating that they received semen from more than one male. Our results provide evidence of a small but potentially significant rate of multiple mating within a 48-hour period and provide an approach for future open-field studies of polyandry in this species. Polyandry has implications for understanding mosquito ecology, evolution, and reproductive behavior as well as genetic strategies for mosquito control. PMID:22492148

RCRA, superfund and EPCRA hotline training module. Introduction to: Containers (40 cfr parts 264/265, subpart i; section 261.7) updated July 1996

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1996-07-01

The module reviews two sets of regulatory requirements for containers: requirements that pertain to the management of hazardous waste containers and regulations governing residues of hazardous waste in empty containers. It defines `container` and `empty container` and provides examples and citations for each. It provides an overview of the requirements for the design and operation of hazardous waste containers. It explains the difference between the container standards set out in part 264 and part 265. It states the requirements for rendering a hazardous waste container `RCRA empty`. It explains when container rinsate must be managed as a hazardous waste.

Reaching new heights: the effect of an environmentally enhanced outdoor enclosure on gibbons in a zoo setting.

PubMed

Anderson, Megan R

2014-01-01

Gibbons have adapted to live in the canopy layer of the rainforest. Gibbons in the wild predominantly spend their time high in the trees resting, traveling, and foraging for food. Comparatively, gibbons in the zoo often rest and search for their food terrestrially. The purpose of this study was to provide these arboreal smaller apes with more opportunities to utilize more vertical space. Six gibbons (4 Nomascus leucogenys and 2 Symphalangus syndactylus) were observed in 2 phases of an observational study. The 1st phase measured space utilization and behaviors of the zoo-housed gibbons in their original outdoor enclosures using instantaneous sampling. The 2nd phase measured the same space usage and behaviors after several modifications were made to the environmental structures in the same outdoor enclosures. A 2-way mixed-model analysis of variance tested the height utilization of the 6 gibbons. The gibbons chose to spend significantly more time outside and at higher heights when the new structures were added. This study shows that given the opportunity, gibbons will exhibit more species-appropriate behaviors.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Workers in KSC's Vertical Processing Facility install a solid state recorder into a transport assembly in its protective enclosure as part of the prelaunch preparations for STS-82, the second Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission. The digital solid state recorder will replace one of three engineering/science tape recorders on Hubble. The solid state recorder has no moving parts to wear out. It also is more flexible than a reel-to-reel recorder and can store 10 times as much data. Liftoff aboard Discovery is targeted Feb. 11 with a crew of seven.

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-01-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Workers in KSC's Vertical Processing Facility install a solid state recorder into a transport assembly in its protective enclosure as part of the prelaunch preparations for STS-82, the second Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission. The digital solid state recorder will replace one of three engineering/science tape recorders on Hubble. The solid state recorder has no moving parts to wear out. It also is more flexible than a reel-to-reel recorder and can store 10 times as much data. Liftoff aboard Discovery is targeted Feb. 11 with a crew of seven.

30 CFR 75.701-2 - Approved method of grounding metallic frames, casings and other enclosures receiving power from...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Approved method of grounding metallic frames... grounding metallic frames, casings and other enclosures receiving power from single-phase 110-220-volt... only method of grounding that will be approved is the connection of all metallic frames, casings and...

40 CFR 63.5875 - How do I determine the capture efficiency of the enclosure on my wet-out area and the capture...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... lamination/casting operations? 63.5875 Section 63.5875 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... lamination/casting operations? (a) The capture efficiency of a wet-out area enclosure is assumed to be 100...

Polyimides containing oxyethylene units. Part 4: Polymerization of dianhydrides containing ether linkages

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harris, F. W.; Karnavas, A. J.; Das, S.; Cucuras, C. N.; Hergenrother, P. M.

1986-01-01

The development of new composite resins for various aerospace applications is attempted. Although it is highly desirable that these polymers be soluble in order to facilitate processing, they must display considerable solvent-resistance in use. A recent approach has involved the synthesis of a new series of polyimides containing flexible linkages. The polymers were prepared by the polymerization of aromatic dianhydrides with diamines containing oxyethylene linkages. For example, the polymerization of 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) with 1,2-bis(4-aminophenoxy)ethane (1a) and bis2-(4-aminophenoxy)ethylether (lb), afforded highly crystalline polyimides that were completely insoluble. However, a polyimide that was amorphous and soluble was obtained from the polymerization of BTDA and an isomer of lb, i.e., bis2-(3-aminophenoxy)ethyl ether (4b). In an attempt to obtain a soluble, amorphous polyimide that could be annealed into a crysalline state, block copolymers of 1b and 4b and BTDA were prepared. Copolymers containing less than 20 weight % 1b were soluble in organic solvents. However, these polymers did not crystallize when heated above their Tg's. Copolymers containing higher levels of 1b were semicrystalline and insoluble. The polymerization of the diamines containing oxyethylene linkages with 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) and a new dianhydride, i.e., 4,4'-oxyethyleneoxyethyleneoxydiphthalic anhydride (OEDA) was investigated. It was postulated that the use of these more flexible dianhydrides would result in more processable polyimides.

Predicted Thermal Responses of Military Working Dog (MWD) to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN) Protective Kennel Enclosure

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-01

meteorological conditions. More specifically, climate chamber studies of the chemical protective kennel cover were conducted over a range of...responses to predict how long the dog could safely remain in the enclosure for various ambient environmental conditions. Climate chamber studies of...Engineering Center (NSRDEC) was tested in a climate - controlled chamber to quantify its insulation and vapor permeability properties. A schematic of

Modeling Enclosure Design in Above-Grade Walls

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lstiburek, J.; Ueno, K.; Musunuru, S.

2016-03-01

This report describes the modeling of typical wall assemblies that have performed well historically in various climate zones. The WUFI (Warme und Feuchte instationar) software (Version 5.3) model was used. A library of input data and results are provided. The provided information can be generalized for application to a broad population of houses, within the limits of existing experience. The WUFI software model was calibrated or tuned using wall assemblies with historically successful performance. The primary performance criteria or failure criteria establishing historic performance was moisture content of the exterior sheathing. The primary tuning parameters (simulation inputs) were airflow andmore » specifying appropriate material properties. Rational hygric loads were established based on experience - specifically rain wetting and interior moisture (RH levels). The tuning parameters were limited or bounded by published data or experience. The WUFI templates provided with this report supply useful information resources to new or less-experienced users. The files present various custom settings that will help avoid results that will require overly conservative enclosure assemblies. Overall, better material data, consistent initial assumptions, and consistent inputs among practitioners will improve the quality of WUFI modeling, and improve the level of sophistication in the field.« less

Evaluation of rodent spaceflight in the NASA animal enclosure module for an extended operational period (up to 35 days).

PubMed

Moyer, Eric L; Dumars, Paula M; Sun, Gwo-Shing; Martin, Kara J; Heathcote, David G; Boyle, Richard D; Skidmore, Mike G

2016-01-01

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Animal Enclosure Module (AEM) was developed as a self-contained rodent habitat for shuttle flight missions that provides inhabitants with living space, food, water, ventilation, and lighting, and this study reports whether, after minimal hardware modification, the AEM could support an extended term up to 35 days for Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 female mice for use on the International Space Station. Success was evaluated based on comparison of AEM housed animals to that of vivarium housed and to normal biological ranges through various measures of animal health and well-being, including animal health evaluations, animal growth and body masses, organ masses, rodent food bar consumption, water consumption, and analysis of blood contents. The results of this study confirmed that the AEMs could support 12 adult female C57BL/6 mice for up to 35 days with self-contained RFB and water, and the AEMs could also support 5 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats for 35 days with external replenishment of diet and water. This study has demonstrated the capability and flexibility of the AEM to operate for up to 35 days with minor hardware modification. Therefore, with modifications, it is possible to utilize this hardware on the International Space Station or other operational platforms to extend the space life science research use of mice and rats.

Evaluation of rodent spaceflight in the NASA animal enclosure module for an extended operational period (up to 35 days)

PubMed Central

Moyer, Eric L; Dumars, Paula M; Sun, Gwo-Shing; Martin, Kara J; Heathcote, David G; Boyle, Richard D; Skidmore, Mike G

2016-01-01

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Animal Enclosure Module (AEM) was developed as a self-contained rodent habitat for shuttle flight missions that provides inhabitants with living space, food, water, ventilation, and lighting, and this study reports whether, after minimal hardware modification, the AEM could support an extended term up to 35 days for Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 female mice for use on the International Space Station. Success was evaluated based on comparison of AEM housed animals to that of vivarium housed and to normal biological ranges through various measures of animal health and well-being, including animal health evaluations, animal growth and body masses, organ masses, rodent food bar consumption, water consumption, and analysis of blood contents. The results of this study confirmed that the AEMs could support 12 adult female C57BL/6 mice for up to 35 days with self-contained RFB and water, and the AEMs could also support 5 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats for 35 days with external replenishment of diet and water. This study has demonstrated the capability and flexibility of the AEM to operate for up to 35 days with minor hardware modification. Therefore, with modifications, it is possible to utilize this hardware on the International Space Station or other operational platforms to extend the space life science research use of mice and rats. PMID:28725722

77 FR 69501 - Certain DC-DC Controllers and Products Containing Same; Decision To Affirm-in-Part, Reverse-in...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-19

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation No. 337-TA-698 (Enforcement Proceeding)] Certain DC-DC Controllers and Products Containing Same; Decision To Affirm-in-Part, Reverse-in-Part, Modify-in... 1930, as amended, 19 U.S.C. 1337, and in section 210.75 of the Commission's Rules of Practice and...

Industrial universal electrometer

DOEpatents

Cordaro, Joseph V [Martinez, GA; Wood, Michael B [Aiken, SC

2012-07-03

An electrometer for use in measuring current is provided. The electrometer includes an enclosure capable of containing various components of the electrometer. A pre-amplifier is present and is one of the components of the electrometer. The pre-amplifier is contained by the enclosure. The pre-amplifier has a pre-amplifier enclosure that contains the pre-amplifier and provides radio frequency shielding and magnetic shielding to the pre-amplifier.

Variation in visitor perceptions of a polar bear enclosure based on the presence of natural vs. un-natural enrichment items.

PubMed

Kutska, Debra

2009-07-01

A debate exists among modern zoo staff as to whether or not the addition of un-naturalistic enrichment takes away from, or even defeats, the educational messages designers are trying to incorporate in naturalistic exhibits. A visitor study was conducted at the Central Park Zoo's polar bear exhibit in order to determine whether or not the type of enrichment in an enclosure actually alters guest perceptions. Visitors were exposed to one of two enrichment treatments in the bear enclosure: Naturalistic or Un-naturalistic. The results of this study suggest that enrichment type did not alter the perceptions of visitors. However, it did identify some of the different ways adults and youths perceive animals and zoos. Additionally, the study highlighted the varying perceptions individuals have of the concept of polar bears vs. their perceptions of the captive individuals at the Central Park Zoo. Implications for enrichment usage and exhibit design are discussed.

Virtual sensors for active noise control in acoustic-structural coupled enclosures using structural sensing: robust virtual sensor design.

PubMed

Halim, Dunant; Cheng, Li; Su, Zhongqing

2011-03-01

The work was aimed to develop a robust virtual sensing design methodology for sensing and active control applications of vibro-acoustic systems. The proposed virtual sensor was designed to estimate a broadband acoustic interior sound pressure using structural sensors, with robustness against certain dynamic uncertainties occurring in an acoustic-structural coupled enclosure. A convex combination of Kalman sub-filters was used during the design, accommodating different sets of perturbed dynamic model of the vibro-acoustic enclosure. A minimax optimization problem was set up to determine an optimal convex combination of Kalman sub-filters, ensuring an optimal worst-case virtual sensing performance. The virtual sensing and active noise control performance was numerically investigated on a rectangular panel-cavity system. It was demonstrated that the proposed virtual sensor could accurately estimate the interior sound pressure, particularly the one dominated by cavity-controlled modes, by using a structural sensor. With such a virtual sensing technique, effective active noise control performance was also obtained even for the worst-case dynamics. © 2011 Acoustical Society of America

Borehole sounding device with sealed depth and water level sensors

DOEpatents

Skalski, Joseph C.; Henke, Michael D.

2005-08-02

A borehole device having proximal and distal ends comprises an enclosure at the proximal end for accepting an aircraft cable containing a plurality of insulated conductors from a remote position. A water sensing enclosure is sealingly attached to the enclosure and contains means for detecting water, and sending a signal on the cable to the remote position indicating water has been detected. A bottom sensing enclosure is sealingly attached to the water sensing enclosure for determining when the borehole device encounters borehole bottom and sends a signal on the cable to the remote position indicating that borehole bottom has been encountered.

Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Oviposition Preference as Influenced by Container Size and Buddleja davidii Plants.

PubMed

Davis, Timothy J; Kline, Daniel L; Kaufman, Phillip E

2016-03-01

Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is a container-breeding mosquito commonly found in residential areas of its range in the United States. Mosquitoes are known to utilize flowering plants for sugar acquisition. Limited information is known about the influences on oviposition site selection, outside of container size. Residential areas are often landscaped with a variety of flowering plants and are known to provide numerous sizes of potential larval developmental sites for container-breeding mosqutioes. Through screened enclosure and field studies, the oviposition preference of Ae. albopictus for containers of three selected sizes (473, 946 and 1,892 ml) and the influence of flowering butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii Franchett cultivar 'Guinevere') plants were examined. Our results document that significantly more eggs were oviposited in the largest containers. Additionally, significantly more eggs were oviposited in containers adjacent to flowering butterfly bushes than in those without a flowering butterfly bush. Finally, our results document that flowering butterfly bushes exerted greater influence over Ae. albopictus oviposition decisions than did container size. Our findings can be applied to several aspects of Ae. albopictus surveillance and control.

Effects of artificial enclosure of young lettuce leaves on tipburn incidence and leaf calcium concentration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barta, D. J.; Tibbitts, T. W.

1986-01-01

The young developing leaves of 20-day-old lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. 'Buttercrunch') were enclosed by aluminized polyethylene sheaths to decrease transpiration and reduce Ca transport. The plants were grown in recirculating solution culture system using a modified half-strength Hoagland's solution under cool-white fluorescent lamps with a photosynthetic photon flux of 350 micromoles s-1 m-2 in a 16:8-hr (light:dark) period. Air temperature and humidity were 20 degrees C and 65%, respectively. After 4 days of enclosure, 53% of the inner leavers (leaves one to 3 cm in length) were tipburned. After the same period, less than 1% of the inner leaves on control plants were tipburned. The concentration of Ca in enclosed inner leaves was 0.63 mg g-1 dry weight, compared to 1.48 mg g-1 dry weight in inner leaves that were not enclosed. The Ca concentration in transpiring outer leaves of all plants was 9.9 mg g-1 dry weight. The Mg concentration in enclosed inner leaves was 2.25 mg g-1 dry weight, compared to 2.34 mg g-1 dry weight in inner leaves that were not enclosed. This research documents that enclosures of leaves at the growing point, as would occur with normal head development, is sufficient to create a limiting concentration of Ca in the enclosed tissue and encourage tipburn development.

Heat dissipation in controlled environment enclosures through the application of water screens

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Warrington, I.J.; Halligan, E.A.; Ruby, L.C.

1994-12-31

The use of plate glass-water thermal barriers in controlled environment facilities effectively reduces the thermal load within the plant growth chamber. This allows high PPFs to be provided for plant growth and development studies, adequate simulation of daily light integrals, and simulation of peak PPFs. Further, substantial amounts of incandescent lamp supplementation can be used to achieve simulation of daylight R:FR ratios which are needed to ensure adequate stem development in some species. While the focus in this paper has been on the use of entire thermal barriers which separate the lighting enclosure from the plant growth chamber, the samemore » principles apply to the use of water jackets for cooling individual lamps (such as can occur with xenon-arc lamps). In this instance, the barrier separating the lamps from the plant chamber can be much simpler (e.g., plexiglas) as the main function of the barrier is to separate the air ventilation of the lamp enclosure from the air system within the plant growth chamber. The main advantage of water as a thermal barrier is the negligible absorption of radiation in the photosynthetically-active and near infra-red wavebands. Consequently, plate glass-water barriers typically allow transmission of approximately 90% of radiation in these regions. While ventilated double and triple glazing systems appear to be attractive alternative to water barriers from an operating standpoint, their significant absorption in the biologically-important wavebands (7 - 12 %) with each glass layer and longer-wave cut-offs (typically 2500 - 4000 nm) makes them a much less attractive alternative. The data presented demonstrate clearly that measurement of PPF alone is not an adequate representation of the radiation environment being used in a controlled environment study.« less

Structural Assessment of Tungsten-Epoxy Bonding in Spacecraft Composite Enclosures with Enhanced Radiation Protection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kanerva, M.; Koerselman, J. R.; Revitzer, H.; Johansson, L.-S.; Sarlin, E.; Rautiainen, A.; Brander, T.; Saarela, O.

2014-06-01

Spacecraft include sensitive electronics that must be protected against radiation from the space environment. Hybrid laminates consisting of tungsten layers and carbon- fibre-reinforced epoxy composite are a potential solution for lightweight, efficient, and protective enclosure material. Here, we analysed six different surface treatments for tungsten foils in terms of the resulting surface tension components, composition, and bonding strength with epoxy. A hydrofluoric-nitric-sulfuric-acid method and a diamond-like carbon-based DIARC® coating were found the most potential surface treatments for tungsten foils in this study.

Conjugate Heat Transfer in Rayleigh-Bénard Convection in a Square Enclosure

PubMed Central

Hashim, Ishak

2014-01-01

Conjugate natural convection-conduction heat transfer in a square enclosure with a finite wall thickness is studied numerically in the present paper. The governing parameters considered are the Rayleigh number (5 × 103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106), the wall-to-fluid thermal conductivity ratio (0.5 ≤ Kr ≤ 10), and the ratio of wall thickness to its height (0.2 ≤ D ≤ 0.4). The staggered grid arrangement together with MAC method was employed to solve the governing equations. It is found that the fluid flow and the heat transfer can be controlled by the thickness of the bottom wall, the thermal conductivity ratio, and the Rayleigh number. PMID:24971390

46 CFR 28.370 - Wiring methods and materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Boat or UL Marine Shipboard cable; or (iii) Meet 46 CFR part 111, subpart 111.60. (e) All metallic... enclosure such as a junction box, fixture enclosure, or panel enclosure. A fire retardant plastic enclosure...

Fiber Optic Tamper Indicating Enclosure (TIE); A Case Study in Authentication

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Anheier, Norman C.; Benz, Jacob M.; Tanner, Jennifer E.

2015-07-15

A robust fiber optic-based tamper-indicating enclosure (TIE) has been developed by PNNL through funding by the National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Nuclear Verification over the past few years. The objective of this work is to allow monitors to have confidence in both the authenticity and integrity of the TIE and the monitoring equipment inside, throughout the time it may be located at a host facility. Incorporating authentication features into the design were the focus of fiscal year 2014 development efforts. Throughout the development process, modifications have been made to the physical TIE design based on lessons learned via exercisesmore » and expert elicitation. The end result is a robust and passive TIE which can be utilized to protect monitoring party equipment left in a host facility.« less

Investigation of Heat and Mass Transfer and Irreversibility Phenomena Within a Three-Dimensional Tilted Enclosure for Different Shapes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oueslati, F.; Ben-Beya, B.

2018-01-01

Three-dimensional thermosolutal natural convection and entropy generation within an inclined enclosure is investigated in the current study. A numerical method based on the finite volume method and a full multigrid technique is implemented to solve the governing equations. Effects of various parameters, namely, the aspect ratio, buoyancy ratio, and tilt angle on the flow patterns and entropy generation are predicted and discussed.

Analyzing the environmental impacts of laptop enclosures ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The market growth of consumer electronics makes it essential for industries and policy-makers to work together to develop sustainable products. The objective of this study is to better understand how to promote environmentally sustainable consumer electronics by examining the use of various materials in laptop enclosures (excluding mounting hardware, internal components, and insulation) using screening-level life cycle assessment. The baseline material, is a fossil plastic blend of polycarbonate-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Alternative materials include polylactic acid, bamboo, aluminum, and various combinations of these materials known to be currently used or being considered for use in laptops. The flame retardants considered in this study are bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate), triphenyl phosphate, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, and borax-boric acid-phosphorous acid. The Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other environmental Impacts v2.1 was used for the assessment of impacts related to climate change, human and ecological health, and resource use. The assessment demonstrates that plastics, relative to the other materials, are currently some of the better performing materials in terms of having the lowest potential environmental impact for a greater number of impact categories based on product life cycle models developed in this study. For fossil plastics, the material performance increases with increasing post-con

Assessment of human body influence on exposure measurements of electric field in indoor enclosures.

PubMed

de Miguel-Bilbao, Silvia; García, Jorge; Ramos, Victoria; Blas, Juan

2015-02-01

Personal exposure meters (PEMs) used for measuring exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) are typically used in epidemiological studies. As is well known, these measurement devices cause a perturbation of real EMF exposure levels due to the presence of the human body in the immediate proximity. This paper aims to model the alteration caused by the body shadow effect (BSE) in motion conditions and in indoor enclosures at the Wi-Fi frequency of 2.4 GHz. For this purpose, simulation techniques based on ray-tracing have been carried out, and their results have been verified experimentally. A good agreement exists between simulation and experimental results in terms of electric field (E-field) levels, and taking into account the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the spatial distribution of amplitude. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test provides a P-value greater than 0.05, in fact close to 1. It has been found that the influence of the presence of the human body can be characterized as an angle of shadow that depends on the dimensions of the indoor enclosure. The CDFs show that the E-field levels in indoor conditions follow a lognormal distribution in the absence of the human body and under the influence of BSE. In conclusion, the perturbation caused by BSE in PEMs readings cannot be compensated for by correction factors. Although the mean value is well adjusted, BSE causes changes in CDF that would require improvements in measurement protocols and in the design of measuring devices to subsequently avoid systematic errors. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Contrasting effects of nitrogenous pollution on fitness and swimming performance of Iberian waterfrog, Pelophylax perezi (Seoane, 1885), larvae in mesocosms and field enclosures.

PubMed

Egea-Serrano, A; Tejedo, M

2014-01-01

Amphibians are declining worldwide and pollutants have been implicated as a major contributor to these declines. To understand these declines, many studies have assessed the impact of pollutants on amphibian behaviour. However, information regarding their effect on locomotor abilities, as well as the intra-specific variation of the tolerance to pollutants, is extremely rare. Further, the majority of studies examining the impact of pollutants on amphibians have been conducted in simplified laboratory settings. Given the complexity of natural systems, determining whether amphibian responses in laboratory studies can be generalized to more realistic natural scenarios is critical. Towards this goal, this study assessed the impact of nitrogenous pollution on survival and fitness-related larval traits (growth, mass and swimming performance) for three populations of the frog Pelophylax perezi, exposed to different degrees of eutrophication in two different and complementary experiments: (1) pond mesocosms, with NH4Cl isolated or combined with NaNO2 and NaNO3, and (2) field enclosures placed in natural streams differing in their degree of pollution. For both mesocosm and field enclosure experiments, larval mortality was unaffected by nitrogenous pollution. However, in the mesocosm experiment, exposure to nitrogenous compounds reduced final larvae mass and growth. In contrast, in the enclosure experiment, polluted locations facilitated final mass and growth of surviving tadpoles. Population-level variation in the effect of pollution was observed for final larval mass in the mesocosm but not in the field enclosure experiment. In addition, although nitrogenous compounds in both mesocosm and natural conditions had no direct effect on absolute larval swimming performance, they may impact the viability of larvae by affecting the relationships between growth and the swimming abilities. The differential pattern found in the impacts of nitrogenous compounds on larvae of P. perezi

Decreased panicle-derived indole-3-acetic acid reduces gibberellin A1 level in the uppermost internode, causing panicle enclosure in male sterile rice Zhenshan 97A.

PubMed

Yin, Changxi; Gan, Lijun; Ng, Denny; Zhou, Xie; Xia, Kai

2007-01-01

Cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) rice Zhenshan 97A (ZS97A) has been widely used in hybrid rice production in China. However, ZS97A suffers from serious panicle enclosure, which blocks normal pollination and greatly reduces seed production of hybrid rice. Little is known about the cause of panicle closure in ZS97A. In this study, it was found that the occurrence of cytoplasmic male sterility caused a deficiency of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in ZS97A panicles, and less IAA was provided to the uppermost internode (UI). Further, it was found that the decreased panicle-derived IAA caused a gibberellin A(1) (GA(1)) deficiency in the UI by the down-regulation of OsGA3ox2 transcript level. Reduced GA(1) level in the UI led to decreases of both cell number and cell elongation, resulting in a shortened UI. The shortened UI was unable to push the panicle out of the flag leaf sheath that remained normal, which resulted in panicle enclosure in ZS97A. These findings suggest that decreased panicle-derived IAA reduces the GA(1) level in the UI, causing panicle enclosure in CMS rice ZS97A.

The lid of the container for the Mobile Base System, part of the Canadian arm, is prepared for remov

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Inside the Space Station Processing Facility, workers prepare to remove the lid of a container holding the Mobile Base System (MBS). The MBS is part of the Canadian Space Agency's Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS), which is part of the payload on mission STS-100 to the International Space Station.

Pressure- and buoyancy-driven thermal convection in a rectangular enclosure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spradley, L. W.; Churchill, S. W.

1975-01-01

Results are presented for unsteady laminar thermal convection in compressible fluids at various reduced levels of gravity in a rectangular enclosure which is heated on one side and cooled on the opposite side. The results were obtained by solving numerically the equations of conservation for a viscous, compressible, heat-conducting, ideal gas in the presence of a gravitational body force. The formulation differs from the Boussinesq simplification in that the effects of variable density are completely retained. A conservative, explicit, time-dependent, finite-difference technique was used and good agreement was found for the limited cases where direct comparison with previous investigations was possible. The solutions show that the thermally induced motion is acoustic in nature at low levels of gravity and that the unsteady-state rate of heat transfer is thereby greatly enhanced relative to pure conduction. The nonlinear variable density profile skews the streamlines towards the cooler walls but is shown to have little effect on the steady-state isotherms.

Convective flows in enclosures with vertical temperature or concentration gradients

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, L. W.; Chai, A. T.; Sun, D. J.

1988-01-01

The transport process in the fluid phase during the growth of a crystal has a profound influence on the structure and quality of the solid phase. In vertical growth techniques the fluid phase is often subjected to vertical temperature and concentration gradients. The main objective is to obtain more experimental data on convective flows in enclosures with vertical temperature or concentration gradients. Among actual crystal systems the parameters vary widely. The parametric ranges studied for mass transfer are mainly dictated by the electrochemical system employed to impose concentration gradients. Temperature or concentration difference are maintained between two horizontal end walls. The other walls are kept insulated. Experimental measurements and observations were made of the heat transfer or mass transfer, flow patterns, and the mean and fluctuating temperature distribution. The method used to visualize the flow pattern in the thermal cases is an electrochemical pH-indicator method. Laser shadowgraphs are employed to visualize flow patterns in the solutal cases.

Convective flows in enclosures with vertical temperature or concentration gradients

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, L. W.; Chai, A. T.; Sun, D. J.

1989-01-01

The transport process in the fluid phase during the growth of a crystal has a profound influence on the structure and quality of the solid phase. In vertical growth techniques the fluid phase is often subjected to vertical temperature and concentration gradients. The main objective is to obtain more experimental data on convective flows in enclosures with vertical temperature or concentration gradients. Among actual crystal systems the parameters vary widely. The parametric ranges studied for mass transfer are mainly dictated by the electrochemical system employed to impose concentration gradients. Temperature or concentration difference are maintained between two horizontal end walls. The other walls are kept insulated. Experimental measurements and observations were made of the heat transfer or mass transfer, flow patterns, and the mean and fluctuating temperature distribution. The method used to visualize the flow pattern in the thermal cases is an electrochemical pH-indicator method. Laser shadowgraphs are employed to visualize flow patterns in the solutal cases.

Physics and Psychophysics of High-Fidelity Sound. Part III: The Components of a Sound-Reproducing System: Amplifiers and Loudspeakers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rossing, Thomas D.

1980-01-01

Described are the components for a high-fidelity sound-reproducing system which focuses on various program sources, the amplifier, and loudspeakers. Discussed in detail are amplifier power and distortion, air suspension, loudspeaker baffles and enclosures, bass-reflex enclosure, drone cones, rear horn and acoustic labyrinth enclosures, horn…

Motifs for molecular recognition exploiting hydrophobic enclosure in protein-ligand binding.

PubMed

Young, Tom; Abel, Robert; Kim, Byungchan; Berne, Bruce J; Friesner, Richard A

2007-01-16

The thermodynamic properties and phase behavior of water in confined regions can vary significantly from that observed in the bulk. This is particularly true for systems in which the confinement is on the molecular-length scale. In this study, we use molecular dynamics simulations and a powerful solvent analysis technique based on inhomogenous solvation theory to investigate the properties of water molecules that solvate the confined regions of protein active sites. Our simulations and analysis indicate that the solvation of protein active sites that are characterized by hydrophobic enclosure and correlated hydrogen bonds induce atypical entropic and enthalpic penalties of hydration. These penalties apparently stabilize the protein-ligand complex with respect to the independently solvated ligand and protein, which leads to enhanced binding affinities. Our analysis elucidates several challenging cases, including the super affinity of the streptavidin-biotin system.

9 CFR 112.7 - Special additional requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... a biological product containing inactivated rabies virus, carton labels, enclosures, and all but... biological product containing modified live rabies virus, the carton labels, enclosures, and all but very... Any Other Animal!” (2) For other vaccines containing modified live rabies virus, the statement “For...

The use of an active controlled enclosure to attenuate sound radiation from a heavy radiator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Yao; Yang, Tiejun; Zhu, Minggang; Pan, Jie

2017-03-01

Active structural acoustical control usually experiences difficulty in the control of heavy sources or sources where direct applications of control forces are not practical. To overcome this difficulty, an active controlled enclosure, which forms a cavity with both flexible and open boundary, is employed. This configuration permits indirect implementation of active control in which the control inputs can be applied to subsidiary structures other than the sources. To determine the control effectiveness of the configuration, the vibro-acoustic behavior of the system, which consists of a top plate with an open, a sound cavity and a source panel, is investigated in this paper. A complete mathematical model of the system is formulated involving modified Fourier series formulations and the governing equations are solved using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The coupling mechanisms of a partly opened cavity and a plate are analysed in terms of modal responses and directivity patterns. Furthermore, to attenuate sound power radiated from both the top panel and the open, two strategies are studied: minimizing the total radiated power and the cancellation of volume velocity. Moreover, three control configurations are compared, using a point force on the control panel (structural control), using a sound source in the cavity (acoustical control) and applying hybrid structural-acoustical control. In addition, the effects of boundary condition of the control panel on the sound radiation and control performance are discussed.

20 CFR 726.103 - Application for authority to self-insure; effect of regulations contained in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...; effect of regulations contained in this part. 726.103 Section 726.103 Employees' Benefits OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR FEDERAL COAL MINE HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT OF 1969, AS AMENDED BLACK LUNG BENEFITS; REQUIREMENTS FOR COAL MINE OPERATOR'S INSURANCE Authorization of Self...

20 CFR 726.103 - Application for authority to self-insure; effect of regulations contained in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...; effect of regulations contained in this part. 726.103 Section 726.103 Employees' Benefits OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR FEDERAL COAL MINE HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT OF 1969, AS AMENDED BLACK LUNG BENEFITS; REQUIREMENTS FOR COAL MINE OPERATOR'S INSURANCE Authorization of Self...

20 CFR 726.103 - Application for authority to self-insure; effect of regulations contained in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...; effect of regulations contained in this part. 726.103 Section 726.103 Employees' Benefits OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR FEDERAL COAL MINE HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT OF 1969, AS AMENDED BLACK LUNG BENEFITS; REQUIREMENTS FOR COAL MINE OPERATOR'S INSURANCE Authorization of Self...

KSC-02pd0103

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-01-29

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Workers in the Vertical Processing Facility get the Large Orbital Protective Enclosure (LOPE) ready to move to the Multi-Use Lightweight Equipment (MULE) carrier. The LOPE contains part of the payload on the Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission, STS-109, scheduled to launch Feb. 28 from Launch Pad 39A

KSC-02pd0102

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-01-29

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Workers in the Vertical Processing Facility get the Large Orbital Protective Enclosure (LOPE) ready to move to the Multi-Use Lightweight Equipment (MULE) carrier. The LOPE contains part of the payload on the Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission, STS-109, scheduled to launch Feb. 28 from Launch Pad 39A

KSC-02pd0101

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-01-29

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Workers in the Vertical Processing Facility get the Large Orbital Protective Enclosure (LOPE) ready to move to the Multi-Use Lightweight Equipment (MULE) carrier. The LOPE contains part of the payload on the Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission, STS-109, scheduled to launch Feb. 28 from Launch Pad 39A

Development and Verification of Enclosure Radiation Capabilities in the CHarring Ablator Response (CHAR) Code

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Salazar, Giovanni; Droba, Justin C.; Oliver, Brandon; Amar, Adam J.

2016-01-01

With the recent development of multi-dimensional thermal protection system (TPS) material response codes, the capability to account for surface-to-surface radiation exchange in complex geometries is critical. This paper presents recent efforts to implement such capabilities in the CHarring Ablator Response (CHAR) code developed at NASA's Johnson Space Center. This work also describes the different numerical methods implemented in the code to compute geometric view factors for radiation problems involving multiple surfaces. Verification of the code's radiation capabilities and results of a code-to-code comparison are presented. Finally, a demonstration case of a two-dimensional ablating cavity with enclosure radiation accounting for a changing geometry is shown.

Population density and seasonality effects on Sin Nombre virus transmission in North American deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in outdoor enclosures.

PubMed

Bagamian, Karoun H; Douglass, Richard J; Alvarado, Arlene; Kuenzi, Amy J; Amman, Brian R; Waller, Lance A; Mills, James N

2012-01-01

Surveys of wildlife host-pathogen systems often document clear seasonal variation in transmission; conclusions concerning the relationship between host population density and transmission vary. In the field, effects of seasonality and population density on natural disease cycles are challenging to measure independently, but laboratory experiments may poorly reflect what happens in nature. Outdoor manipulative experiments are an alternative that controls for some variables in a relatively natural environment. Using outdoor enclosures, we tested effects of North American deermouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) population density and season on transmission dynamics of Sin Nombre hantavirus. In early summer, mid-summer, late summer, and fall 2007-2008, predetermined numbers of infected and uninfected adult wild deermice were released into enclosures and trapped weekly or bi-weekly. We documented 18 transmission events and observed significant seasonal effects on transmission, wounding frequency, and host breeding condition. Apparent differences in transmission incidence or wounding frequency between high- and low-density treatments were not statistically significant. However, high host density was associated with a lower proportion of males with scrotal testes. Seasonality may have a stronger influence on disease transmission dynamics than host population density, and density effects cannot be considered independent of seasonality.

Population Density and Seasonality Effects on Sin Nombre Virus Transmission in North American Deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in Outdoor Enclosures

PubMed Central

Bagamian, Karoun H.; Douglass, Richard J.; Alvarado, Arlene; Kuenzi, Amy J.; Amman, Brian R.; Waller, Lance A.; Mills, James N.

2012-01-01

Surveys of wildlife host-pathogen systems often document clear seasonal variation in transmission; conclusions concerning the relationship between host population density and transmission vary. In the field, effects of seasonality and population density on natural disease cycles are challenging to measure independently, but laboratory experiments may poorly reflect what happens in nature. Outdoor manipulative experiments are an alternative that controls for some variables in a relatively natural environment. Using outdoor enclosures, we tested effects of North American deermouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) population density and season on transmission dynamics of Sin Nombre hantavirus. In early summer, mid-summer, late summer, and fall 2007–2008, predetermined numbers of infected and uninfected adult wild deermice were released into enclosures and trapped weekly or bi-weekly. We documented 18 transmission events and observed significant seasonal effects on transmission, wounding frequency, and host breeding condition. Apparent differences in transmission incidence or wounding frequency between high- and low-density treatments were not statistically significant. However, high host density was associated with a lower proportion of males with scrotal testes. Seasonality may have a stronger influence on disease transmission dynamics than host population density, and density effects cannot be considered independent of seasonality. PMID:22768034

Fate of the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin in ditch enclosures differing in vegetation density.

PubMed

Leistra, Minze; Zweers, Anton J; Warinton, Jacqui S; Crum, Steven J H; Hand, Laurence H; Beltman, Wim H J; Maund, Stephen J

2004-01-01

Use of the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin in agriculture may result in the contamination of water bodies, for example by spray drift. Therefore, the possible exposure of aquatic organisms to this insecticide needs to be evaluated. The exposure of the organisms may be reduced by the strong sorption of the insecticide to organic materials and its susceptibility to hydrolysis at the high pH values in the natural range. In experiments done in May and August, formulated lambda-cyhalothrin was mixed with the water body of enclosures in experimental ditches containing a bottom layer and macrophytes (at different densities) or phytoplankton. Concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin in the water body and in the sediment layer, and contents in the plant compartment, were measured by gas-liquid chromatography at various times up to 1 week after application. Various water quality parameters were also measured. Concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin decreased rapidly in the water column: 1 day after application, 24-40% of the dose remained in the water, and by 3 days it had declined to 1.8-6.5%. At the highest plant density, lambda-cyhalothrin residue in the plant compartment reached a maximum of 50% of the dose after 1 day; at intermediate and low plant densities, this maximum was only 3-11% of the dose (after 1-2 days). The percentage of the insecticide in the ditch sediment was 12% or less of the dose and tended to be lower at higher plant densities. Alkaline hydrolysis in the water near the surface of macrophytes and phytoplankton is considered to be the main dissipation process for lambda-cyhalothrin.

40 CFR 370.3 - Which section contains the definitions of the key words used in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Which section contains the definitions of the key words used in this part? 370.3 Section 370.3 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY PLANNING, AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW PROGRAMS HAZARDOUS...

40 CFR 355.3 - Which section contains the definitions of the key words used in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Which section contains the definitions of the key words used in this part? 355.3 Section 355.3 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY PLANNING, AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW PROGRAMS EMERGENCY...

Some aspects of coupling-induced sound absorption in enclosures.

PubMed

Sum, K S; Pan, J

2003-08-01

It is known that the coupling between a modally reactive boundary structure of an enclosure and the enclosed sound field induces absorption in the sound field. However, the effect of this absorption on the sound-field response can vary significantly, even when material properties of the structure and dimensions of the coupled system are not changed. Although there have been numerous investigations of coupling between a structure and an enclosed sound field, little work has been done in the area of sound absorption induced by the coupling. Therefore, characteristics of the absorption are not well understood and the extent of its influence on the behavior of the sound-field response is not clearly known. In this paper, the coupling of a boundary structure and an enclosed sound field in frequency bands above the low-frequency range is considered. Three aspects of the coupling-induced sound absorption are studied namely, the effects of exciting either the structure or the sound field directly, damping in the uncoupled sound field and damping in the uncoupled structure. The results provide an understanding of some features of the coupling-induced absorption and its significance to the sound-field response.

An automated growth enclosure for metabolic labeling of Arabidopsis thaliana with 13C-carbon dioxide - an in vivo labeling system for proteomics and metabolomics research

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Labeling whole Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants to high enrichment with 13C for proteomics and metabolomics applications would facilitate experimental approaches not possible by conventional methods. Such a system would use the plant's native capacity for carbon fixation to ubiquitously incorporate 13C from 13CO2 gas. Because of the high cost of 13CO2 it is critical that the design conserve the labeled gas. Results A fully enclosed automated plant growth enclosure has been designed and assembled where the system simultaneously monitors humidity, temperature, pressure and 13CO2 concentration with continuous adjustment of humidity, pressure and 13CO2 levels controlled by a computer running LabView software. The enclosure is mounted on a movable cart for mobility among growth environments. Arabidopsis was grown in the enclosure for up to 8 weeks and obtained on average >95 atom% enrichment for small metabolites, such as amino acids and >91 atom% for large metabolites, including proteins and peptides. Conclusion The capability of this labeling system for isotope dilution experiments was demonstrated by evaluation of amino acid turnover using GC-MS as well as protein turnover using LC-MS/MS. Because this 'open source' Arabidopsis 13C-labeling growth environment was built using readily available materials and software, it can be adapted easily to accommodate many different experimental designs. PMID:21310072

Some ecological implications of a neem (azadirachtin) insecticide disturbance to zooplankton communities in forest pond enclosures.

PubMed

Kreutzweiser, David P; Sutton, Trent M; Back, Richard C; Pangle, Kevin L; Thompson, Dean G

2004-04-28

A neem-based insecticide, Neemix 4.5, was applied to forest pond enclosures at concentrations of 10, 17, and 28 microg l(-1) azadirachtin (the active ingredient). At these test concentrations, significant, concentration-dependent reductions in numbers of adult copepods were observed, but immature copepod and cladoceran populations were unaffected. There was no evidence of recovery of adult copepods within the sampling season (May to October). The ecological significance of this disturbance to the zooplankton community was examined by determining biomass as a measure of food availability for higher predators, plankton community respiration, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations, and conductivity as functional indicators of ecosystem stress, and zooplankton food web stability as a measure of effects on trophic structure. The selective removal or reduction of adult copepods was sufficient to measurably reduce total zooplankton biomass for several weeks mid-season. During the period of maximal impact (about 4-9 weeks after the applications), total plankton community respiration was significantly reduced, and this appeared to contribute to significant, concentration-dependent increases in dissolved oxygen and decreases in conductivity among treated enclosures. The reductions in adult copepods resulted in negative effects on zooplankton food web stability through eliminations of a trophic link and reduced interactions and connectance. Comparing the results here to those from a previous study with tebufenozide, which was selectively toxic to cladocerans and had little effect on food web stability, indicates that differential sensitivity among taxa can influence the ecological significance of pesticide effects on zooplankton communities.

Contamination design of a Scientific Instrument Protective Enclosure for the Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hedgeland, Randy J.; Hansen, Patricia A.

1993-01-01

A Scientific Instrument Protective Enclosure (SIPE) was designed to accommodate second generation science instruments (SIs) for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) First Servicing Mission (FSM). One of the main design drivers for the SIPE is to provide a protective environment for the SIs against particulate and molecular contaminants that pose a viable threat to the SI performance. The focus of this paper will detail the methodology incorporated in the design of the SIPE to provide a controlled environment for SI protection at the launch site, during pre-launch/launch activities, and during on-orbit operations in the Shuttle bay.

Feed gas contaminant control in ion transport membrane systems

DOEpatents

Carolan, Michael Francis [Allentown, PA; Minford, Eric [Laurys Station, PA; Waldron, William Emil [Whitehall, PA

2009-07-07

Ion transport membrane oxidation system comprising an enclosure having an interior and an interior surface, inlet piping having an internal surface and adapted to introduce a heated feed gas into the interior of the enclosure, and outlet piping adapted to withdraw a product gas from the interior of the enclosure; one or more planar ion transport membrane modules disposed in the interior of the enclosure, each membrane module comprising mixed metal oxide material; and a preheater adapted to heat a feed gas to provide the heated feed gas to the inlet piping, wherein the preheater comprises an interior surface. Any of the interior surfaces of the enclosure, the inlet piping, and the preheater may be lined with a copper-containing metal lining. Alternatively, any of the interior surfaces of the inlet piping and the preheater may be lined with a copper-containing metal lining and the enclosure may comprise copper.

Gas phase basicities of polyfunctional molecules. Part 5: Non-aromatic sp2 nitrogen containing compounds.

PubMed

Bouchoux, Guy; Eckert-Maksic, Mirjana

2018-03-01

This paper constitutes the fifth part of a general review of the gas-phase protonation thermochemistry of polyfunctional molecules (Part 1: Theory and methods, Mass Spectrom Rev 2007, 26:775-835, Part 2: Saturated basic sites, Mass Spectrom Rev 2012, 31:353-390, Part 3: Amino acids, Mass Spectrom Rev 2012, 31:391-435, Part 4: Carbonyl as basic site, Mass Spectrom Rev 2015, 34:493-534). This part is devoted to non-aromatic molecules characterized by a lone pair located on a sp 2 nitrogen atom, it embraces functional groups such as imines, amidines, guanidines, diazenes, hydrazines, oximes, and phosphazenes. Specific examples are examined under five major chapters. In the first one, aliphatic and unsaturated (conjugated and cyclic) imines, hydrazones, and oximes are considered. A second chapter describes the protonation energetic of aliphatic, conjugated, or cyclic amidines. Guanidines, polyguanides, and biomolecules containing guanidine were examined in the third chapter. A fourth chapter describes the particular case of the phosphazene molecules. Finally, diazenes and azides were considered in the last chapter. Experimental data were re-evaluated according to the presently adopted basicity scale, i.e., PA(NH 3 ) = 853.6 kJ/mol, GB (NH 3 ) = 819 kJ/mol. Structural and energetic information given by G4MP2 quantum chemistry computations on typical systems are presented. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:139-170, 2018. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Part 1: Participatory Ergonomics Approach to Waste Container Handling Utilizing a Multidisciplinary Team

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zalk, D.M.; Tittiranonda, P.; Burastero, S.

2000-02-07

This multidisciplinary team approach to waste container handling, developed within the Grassroots Ergonomics process, presents participatory ergonomic interpretations of quantitative and qualitative aspects of this process resulting in a peer developed training. The lower back, shoulders, and wrists were identified as frequently injured areas, so these working postures were a primary focus for the creation of the workers' training. Handling procedures were analyzed by the team to identify common cycles involving one 5 gallon (60 pounds), two 5 gallons (60 and 54 pounds), 30 gallon (216 pounds), and 55 gallon (482 pounds) containers: lowering from transporting to/from transport vehicles, loading/unloadingmore » on transport vehicles, and loading onto pallet. Eleven experienced waste container handlers participated in this field analysis. Ergonomic exposure assessment tools measuring these field activities included posture analysis, posture targeting, Lumbar Motion Monitor{trademark} (LMM), and surface electromyography (sEMG) for the erector spinae, infraspinatus, and upper trapezius muscles. Posture analysis indicates that waste container handlers maintained non-neutral lower back postures (flexion, lateral bending, and rotation) for a mean of 51.7% of the time across all activities. The right wrist was in non-neutral postures (radial, ulnar, extension, and flexion) a mean of 30.5% of the time and the left wrist 31.4%. Non-neutral shoulder postures (elevation) were the least common, occurring 17.6% and 14.0% of the time in the right and left shoulders respectively. For training applications, each cycle had its own synchronized posture analysis and posture target diagram. Visual interpretations relating to the peak force modifications of the posture target diagrams proved to be invaluable for the workers' understanding of LMM and sEMG results (refer to Part II). Results were reviewed by the team's field technicians and their interpretations were developed into

Antitoxic Cholera Immunity in Mice: Influence of Antigen Deposition on Antitoxin-Containing Cells and Protective Immunity in Different Parts of the Intestine

PubMed Central

Lange, Stefan; Nygren, Håkan; Svennerholm, Ann-Mari; Holmgren, Jan

1980-01-01

The importance of the mode of antigen presentation (intravenous, oral, or enteral restricted to the lower ileum) in the development of a local immune response and immunological memory for such a response in different parts of the intestine was studied in mice. Cholera toxin was used as antigen and the immune response was assayed by determining both the number of specific antitoxin-containing cells in the lamina propria and protection against experimental cholera. The results showed that all of these routes of antigen presentation could induce significant memory along the entire small intestine. In contrast, the actual production of antitoxin-containing cells or protective immune response elicited by booster immunization was restricted to those parts of the intestine that were directly exposed to antigen; i.e., lower ileum boosting resulted in immunity in the distal ileum but not in the proximal jejunum, whereas oral or intravenous boosting gave a response in both jejunum and ileum. Protection correlated closely with the number of antitoxin-containing cells in the lamina propria (correlation coefficient, 0.88); ≥4,000 antitoxin-containing cells per mm3 conferred solid immunity to cholera toxin-induced diarrhea. The total number of immunoglobulin-containing cells in intestines was not significantly influenced by the specific immunizations. There were four times as many of these cells in the upper jejunum (167,000 cells per mm3) as in the lower ileum, but the proportions of immunoglobulin A-containing cells (80 to 85%), immunoglobulin M-containing cells (14 to 20%), and immunoglobulin G-containing cells (0.4 to 0.9%) were similar in various parts of the intestine. The results indicate a differential dependence on local tissue antigen for the intestinal antibody-secreting cells and their memory cell precursors. PMID:7189747

A pressurized cylindrical shell with a fixed end which contains an axial part-through or through crack

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yahsi, O. S.; Erdogan, F.

1983-01-01

A cylindrical shell having a very stiff and plate or a flange is considered. It is assumed that near the end the cylinder contains an axial flaw which may be modeled as a part through surface crack or a through crack. The effect of the end constraining on the stress intensity factor which is the main fracture mechanics parameter is studied. The applied loads acting on the cylinder are assumed to be axisymmetric. Thus the crack problem under consideration is symmetric with respect to the plane of the crack and consequently only the Mode 1 stress intensity factors are nonzero. With this limitation, the general perturbation problem for a cylinder with a built in end containing an axial crack is considered. Reissner's shell theory is used to formulate the problem. The part through crack problem is treated by using a line spring model. In the case of a crack tip terminating at the fixed end it is shown that the integral equations of the shell problem has the same generalized Cauchy kernel as the corresponding plane stress elasticity problem.

A mobility based vibroacoustic energy transmission simulation into an enclosure through a double-wall panel.

PubMed

Sahu, Atanu; Bhattacharya, Partha; Niyogi, Arup Guha; Rose, Michael

2017-06-01

Double-wall panels are known for their superior sound insulation properties over single wall panels as a sound barrier. The sound transmission phenomenon through a double-wall structure is a complex process involving vibroacoustic interaction between structural panels, the air-cushion in between, and the secondary acoustic domain. It is in this context a versatile and a fully coupled technique based on the finite-element-boundary element model is developed that enables estimation of sound transfer through a double-wall panel into an adjacent enclosure while satisfying the displacement compatibility across the interface. The contribution of individual components in the transmitted energy is identified through numerical simulations.

Heat dissipation in controlled environment enclosures through the application of water screens

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Warrington, I. J.; Halligan, E. A.; Ruby, L. C.; Mcnaughton, K. G.

1994-01-01

The use of plate glass-water thermal barriers in controlled environment facilities effectively reduces the thermal load within the plant growth chamber. This allows high PPFs to be provided for plant growth and development studies, adequate simulation of daily light integrals, and simulation of peak PPF's. Further, substantial amounts of incandescent lamp supplementation can be used to achieve simulation of daylight R:FR ratios which are needed to ensure adequate stem development in some species. While the focus in this paper is on the use of entire thermal barriers which separate the lighting enclosure from the plant growth chamber, the same principles apply to the use of water jackets for cooling individual lamps (such as can occur with xenon-arc lamps). In this instance, the barrier separating the lamps from the plant chamber can be much simpler (e.g., plexiglass) as the main function of the barrier is to separate the air ventilation of the lamp enclosure from the air system within the plant growth chamber. The main advantage of water as a thermal barrier is the negligible absorption of radiation in the photosynthetically-active and near infrared wavebands. Consequently, plate glass-water barriers typically allow transmission of approximately 90% of radiation in these regions. While ventilated double and triple glazing systems appear to be attractive alternative to water barriers from an operating standpoint, their significant absorption in the biologically-important wavebands (7 - 12%) with each glass layer and longer-wave cut-offs (typically 2500 - 4000 nm) makes them a much less attractive alternative. The data presented here demonstrate clearly that measurement of PPF alone is not an adequate representation of the radiation environment being used in a controlled environment study. The amounts and proportions of long-wave and short-wave radiation in a plant growth chamber are dependent on lamp type, lamp combination, presence of a thermal barrier, the type of

Developments in closed-containment technologies for salmonids, Part 2

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This article, Part 2 of a two-part story, includes highlights from the second day of the 2017 Aquaculture Innovation Workshop (AIW), which was organized by The Conservation Fund Freshwater Institute and held in Vancouver, British Columbia, November 29-30, 2017. Part 2 includes brief summaries of pre...

Evidence-Based Biosafety: a Review of the Principles and Effectiveness of Microbiological Containment Measures

PubMed Central

Kimman, Tjeerd G.; Smit, Eric; Klein, Michèl R.

2008-01-01

We examined the available evidence on the effectiveness of measures aimed at protecting humans and the environment against the risks of working with genetically modified microorganisms (GMOs) and with non-GMO pathogenic microorganisms. A few principles and methods underlie the current biosafety practice: risk assessment, biological containment, concentration and enclosure, exposure minimization, physical containment, and hazard minimization. Many of the current practices are based on experience and expert judgment. The effectiveness of biosafety measures may be evaluated at the level of single containment equipment items and procedures, at the level of the laboratory as a whole, or at the clinical-epidemiological level. Data on the containment effectiveness of equipment and laboratories are scarce and fragmented. Laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs) are therefore important for evaluating the effectiveness of biosafety. For the majority of LAIs there appears to be no direct cause, suggesting that failures of biosafety were not noticed or that containment may have been insufficient. The number of reported laboratory accidents associated with GMOs is substantially lower than that of those associated with non-GMOs. It is unknown to what extent specific measures contribute to the overall level of biosafety. We therefore recommend that the evidence base of biosafety practice be strengthened. PMID:18625678

Evidence-based biosafety: a review of the principles and effectiveness of microbiological containment measures.

PubMed

Kimman, Tjeerd G; Smit, Eric; Klein, Michèl R

2008-07-01

We examined the available evidence on the effectiveness of measures aimed at protecting humans and the environment against the risks of working with genetically modified microorganisms (GMOs) and with non-GMO pathogenic microorganisms. A few principles and methods underlie the current biosafety practice: risk assessment, biological containment, concentration and enclosure, exposure minimization, physical containment, and hazard minimization. Many of the current practices are based on experience and expert judgment. The effectiveness of biosafety measures may be evaluated at the level of single containment equipment items and procedures, at the level of the laboratory as a whole, or at the clinical-epidemiological level. Data on the containment effectiveness of equipment and laboratories are scarce and fragmented. Laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs) are therefore important for evaluating the effectiveness of biosafety. For the majority of LAIs there appears to be no direct cause, suggesting that failures of biosafety were not noticed or that containment may have been insufficient. The number of reported laboratory accidents associated with GMOs is substantially lower than that of those associated with non-GMOs. It is unknown to what extent specific measures contribute to the overall level of biosafety. We therefore recommend that the evidence base of biosafety practice be strengthened.

High-temperature potentiometric oxygen sensor with internal reference

DOEpatents

Routbort, Jules L [Hinsdale, IL; Singh, Dileep [Naperville, IL; Dutta, Prabir K [Worthington, OH; Ramasamy, Ramamoorthy [North Royalton, OH; Spirig, John V [Columbus, OH; Akbar, Sheikh [Hilliard, OH

2011-11-15

A compact oxygen sensor is provided, comprising a mixture of metal and metal oxide an enclosure containing said mixture, said enclosure capable of isolating said mixture from an environment external of said enclosure, and a first wire having a first end residing within the enclosure and having a second end exposed to the environment. Also provided is a method for the fabrication of an oxygen sensor, the method comprising confining a metal-metal oxide solid mixture to a container which consists of a single material permeable to oxygen ions, supplying an electrical conductor having a first end and a second end, whereby the first end resides inside the container as a reference (PO.sub.2).sup.ref, and the second end resides outside the container in the atmosphere where oxygen partial pressure (PO.sub.2).sup.ext is to be measured, and sealing the container with additional single material such that grain boundary sliding occurs between grains of the single material and grains of the additional single material.

On the Method of Efficient Ice Cold Energy Storage Using a Heat Transfer of Direct Contact Phase Change and a Natural Circulation of a Working Medium in an Enclosure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Utaka, Yoshio; Saito, Akio; Nakata, Naoki

The objectives of this report are to propose a new method of the high performance cold energy storage using ice as a phase change material and to clarify the heat transfer characteristics of the apparatus of ice cold energy storage based on the proposed principle. A working medium vapor layer a water layer and a working medium liquid layer stratified in this order from the top were kept in an enclosure composed of a condenser, an evaporator and a condensate receiver-and-return tube. The direct contact heat transfers between water or ice and a working medium in an enclosure were applied for realizing the high performance cold energy storage and release. In the storage and release processes, water changes the phase between the liquid and the solid, and the working medium cnanges between the vapor and the liquid with a natural circulation. Experimental apparatus was manufactured and R12 and R114 were selected as working media in the thermal energy storage enclosure. It was confirmed by the measurements that the efficient formation and melting of ice were achieved. Then, th e heat transfer characteristics were clarified for the effects of the initial water height, the initial height of woking medium liquid layer and the inlet coolant temperature.

The University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory 6.5m Telescope: enclosure design and wind analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konishi, Masahiro; Sako, Shigeyuki; Uchida, Takanori; Araya, Ryou; Kim, Koui; Yoshii, Yuzuru; Doi, Mamoru; Kohno, Kotaro; Miyata, Takashi; Motohara, Kentaro; Tanaka, Masuo; Minezaki, Takeo; Morokuma, Tomoki; Tamura, Yoichi; Tanabé, Toshihiko; Kato, Natsuko; Kamizuka, Takafumi; Takahashi, Hidenori; Aoki, Tsutomu; Soyano, Takao; Tarusawa, Ken'ichi

2016-07-01

We present results on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulations as well as the wind tunnel experiments for the observation facilities of the University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory 6.5m Telescope being constructed at the summit of Co. Chajnantor in northern Chile. Main purpose of this study starting with the baseline design reported in 2014 is to analyze topographic effect on the wind behavior, and to evaluate the wind pressure, the air turbulence, and the air change (ventilation) efficiency in the enclosure. The wind velocity is found to be accelerated by a factor of 1.2 to reach the summit (78 m sec-1 expected at a maximum), and the resulting wind pressure (3,750 N m-2) is used for the framework design of the facilities. The CFD data reveals that the open space below the floor of the facilities works efficiently to drift away the air turbulence near the ground level which could significantly affect the dome seeing. From comparisons of the wind velocity field obtained from the CFD simulation for three configurations of the ventilation windows, we find that the windows at a level of the telescope secondary mirror have less efficiency of the air change than those at lower levels. Considering the construction and maintenance costs, and operation procedures, we finally decide to allocate 13 windows at a level of the observing floor, 12 at a level of the primary mirror, and 2 at the level of the secondary mirror. The opening area by those windows accounts for about 14% of the total interior surface of the enclosure. Typical air change rate of 20-30 per hour is expected at the wind velocity of 1 m sec-1.

Containment system for experiments on radioactive and other hazardous materials in a Paris-Edinburgh press

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jacobsen, M. K., E-mail: mjacobsen@lanl.gov; Velisavljevic, N.

2015-11-15

Recent technical developments using the large volume Paris-Edinburgh press platform have enabled x-ray synchrotron studies at high pressure and temperature conditions. However, its application to some materials of interest, such as high hazard materials that require special handling due to safety issues, reactivity, or other challenges, has not been feasible without the introduction of special containment systems to eliminate the hazards. However, introduction of a containment system is challenging due to the requirement to provide full safety containment for operation in the variety of environments available, while not hindering any of the experimental probes that are available for inert samplemore » measurement. In this work, we report on the development and implementation of a full safety enclosure for a Paris-Edinburgh type press. During the initial development and subsequent application stage of work, experiments were performed on both cerium dioxide (CeO{sub 2}) and uranium (U). This device allows for full implementation of all currently available experimental probes involving the Paris-Edinburgh press at the High Pressure Collaborative Access Team sector of the Advanced Photon Source.« less

Fischer-Tropsch Cobalt Catalyst Activation and Handling Through Wax Enclosure Methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klettlinger, Jennifer L. S.; Yen, Chia H.; Nakley, Leah M.; Surgenor, Angela D.

2016-01-01

Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis is considered a gas to liquid process which converts syn-gas, a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, into liquids of various hydrocarbon chain length and product distributions. Cobalt based catalysts are used in F-T synthesis and are the focus of this paper. One key concern with handling cobalt based catalysts is that the active form of catalyst is in a reduced state, metallic cobalt, which oxidizes readily in air. In laboratory experiments, the precursor cobalt oxide catalyst is activated in a fixed bed at 350 ?C then transferred into a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with inert gas. NASA has developed a process which involves the enclosure of active cobalt catalyst in a wax mold to prevent oxidation during storage and handling. This improved method allows for precise catalyst loading and delivery into a CSTR. Preliminary results indicate similar activity levels in the F-T reaction in comparison to the direct injection method. The work in this paper was supported by the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Subsonics Fixed Wing Project.

Shielded multi-stage EMI noise filter

DOEpatents

Kisner, Roger Allen; Fugate, David Lee

2016-11-08

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise filter embodiments and methods for filtering are provided herein. EMI noise filters include multiple signal exclusion enclosures. The multiple signal exclusion enclosures contain filter circuit stages. The signal exclusion enclosures can attenuate noise generated external to the enclosures and/or isolate noise currents generated by the corresponding filter circuits within the enclosures. In certain embodiments, an output of one filter circuit stage is connected to an input of the next filter circuit stage. The multiple signal exclusion enclosures can be chambers formed using conductive partitions to divide an outer signal exclusion enclosure. EMI noise filters can also include mechanisms to maintain the components of the filter circuit stages at a consistent temperature. For example, a metal base plate can distribute heat among filter components, and an insulating material can be positioned inside signal exclusion enclosures.

Testing of Flame Screens and Flame Arresters as Devices Designed to Prevent the Passage of Flame (DPPF) into Tanks Containing Flammable Atmospheres According to an IMO Standard

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-10-01

flashback tests FM does not speci- fy the type of enclosure to contain the explosive fuel/air mix -ture. 3.4 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SAFETY OF...2) Continuous burn tests: ... "Same mix - ture and concentration as for explosion tests; flow rate of the gasoline vapor-air mixture is specified as a...gas temperature of the flammable hexane/air mix - ture on the tank side was used as the representative endu ance burn test temperature for the following

A pressurized cylindrical shell with a fixed end which contains an axial part-through or through crack

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yahsi, O. S.; Erdogan, F.

1985-01-01

In this paper a cylindrical shell having a very stiff end plate or a flange is considered. It is assumed that near the end the cylinder contains an axial flow which may be modeled as a part-through surface crack or through crack. The primary objective is to study the effect of the end constraining on the stress intensity factor which is the main fracture mechanics parameter. The applied loads acting on the cylinder are assumed to be axisymmetric. Thus the crack problem under consideration is symmetric with respect to the plane of the crack and consequently only the mode I stress intensity factors are nonzero. With this limitation, the general perturbation problem for a cylinder with a built-in end containing an axial crack is considered. Reissner's shell theory is used to formulate the problem. The part-through crack problem is treated by using a line-spring model. In the case of a crack tip terminating at the fixed end it is shown that the integral equation of the shell problem has the same generalized Cauchy kernel as the corresponding plane stress elasticity problem. Even though the problem is formulated for a general surface crack profile and arbitrary crack surface tractions, the numerical results are obtained only for a semielliptic part-through axial crack located at the inside or outside surface of the cylinder and for internal pressure acting on the cylinder. The stress intensity factors are calculated and presented for a relatively wide range of dimensionless length parameters of the problem.

IDENTIFYING AND PREDICTING DIVING PLUME BEHAVIOR AT GROUNDWATER SITES CONTAINING MTBE: PART 1 SUPPLEMENTAL FUNDING FOR ACTIVITIES IN FY 2002

EPA Science Inventory

This work will complete work began under Identifying and Predicting Plume Diving Behavior at Groundwater Sites Containing MTBE: Part 1. As of September 2001, ORD Staff and ORD Contractors have characterized dividing MTBE plumes at Spring Green, Wisconsin; Milford, Michigan; and ...

Developments in closed-containment technologies for salmonids, Part 1

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This article, Part 1 of a two-part story, includes highlights from the first day of the 2017 Aquaculture Innovation Workshop, which was organized by The Conservation Fund Freshwater Institute and held in Vancouver, British Columbia, November 29-30, 2017. This workshop focused on new developments in ...

50 CFR Table 5 to Part 226 - Hydrologic Units and Counties Containing Critical Habitat for Central California Coast Coho...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 10 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Hydrologic Units and Counties Containing Critical Habitat for Central California Coast Coho Salmon, Tribal Lands Within the Range of the ESU, and Dams/Reservoirs Representing the Upstream Extent of Critical Habitat 5 Table 5 to Part 226 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES...

50 CFR Table 5 to Part 226 - Hydrologic Units and Counties Containing Critical Habitat for Central California Coast Coho...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 10 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Hydrologic Units and Counties Containing Critical Habitat for Central California Coast Coho Salmon, Tribal Lands Within the Range of the ESU, and Dams/Reservoirs Representing the Upstream Extent of Critical Habitat 5 Table 5 to Part 226 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES...

50 CFR Table 5 to Part 226 - Hydrologic Units and Counties Containing Critical Habitat for Central California Coast Coho...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 10 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Hydrologic Units and Counties Containing Critical Habitat for Central California Coast Coho Salmon, Tribal Lands Within the Range of the ESU, and Dams/Reservoirs Representing the Upstream Extent of Critical Habitat 5 Table 5 to Part 226 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES...

50 CFR Table 5 to Part 226 - Hydrologic Units and Counties Containing Critical Habitat for Central California Coast Coho...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Hydrologic Units and Counties Containing Critical Habitat for Central California Coast Coho Salmon, Tribal Lands Within the Range of the ESU, and Dams/Reservoirs Representing the Upstream Extent of Critical Habitat 5 Table 5 to Part 226 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES...

Coupling of three-dimensional field and human thermoregulatory models in a crowded enclosure

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xue, H.; Kang, Z.J.; Bong, T.Y.

1999-11-12

Health, comfort, and energy conservation are important factors to consider in the design of a building and its HVAC systems. Advanced tools are required to evaluate parameters regarding airflow, temperature, and humidity ratio in buildings, with the end results being better indoor air quality and thermal environment as well as increased confidence in the performance of buildings. A numerical model coupling the three-dimensional field and human thermoregulatory models is proposed and developed. A high-Re {kappa}-{epsilon} turbulence model is used for the field simulation. A modified 25-mode model of human thermoregulation is adopted to predict human thermal response in physiological parameters,more » such as body temperature and body heat loss. Distributions of air velocity, temperature, and moisture content are demonstrated in a crowded enclosure with mechanical ventilation under two ventilation rates. The results are analyzed and discussed. The coupling model is useful in assisting and verifying ventilation and air-conditioning system designs.« less

Welding methods for joining thermoplastic polymers for the hermetic enclosure of medical devices.

PubMed

Amanat, Negin; James, Natalie L; McKenzie, David R

2010-09-01

New high performance polymers have been developed that challenge traditional encapsulation materials for permanent active medical implants. The gold standard for hermetic encapsulation for implants is a titanium enclosure which is sealed using laser welding. Polymers may be an alternative encapsulation material. Although many polymers are biocompatible, and permeability of polymers may be reduced to acceptable levels, the ability to create a hermetic join with an extended life remains the barrier to widespread acceptance of polymers for this application. This article provides an overview of the current techniques used for direct bonding of polymers, with a focus on thermoplastics. Thermal bonding methods are feasible, but some take too long and/or require two stage processing. Some methods are not suitable because of excessive heat load which may be delivered to sensitive components within the capsule. Laser welding is presented as the method of choice; however the establishment of suitable laser process parameters will require significant research. 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Containment system for experiments on radioactive and other hazardous materials in a Paris-Edinburgh press

DOE PAGES

Jacobsen, M. K.; Velisavljevic, N.

2015-11-20

Recent technical developments using the large volume Paris-Edinburgh press platform have enabled x-ray synchrotron studies at high pressure and temperature conditions. However, its application to some materials of interest, such as high hazard materials that require special handling due to safety issues, reactivity, or other challenges, has not been feasible without the introduction of special containment systems to eliminate the hazards. However, introduction of a containment system is challenging due to the requirement to provide full safety containment for operation in the variety of environments available, while not hindering any of the experimental probes that are available for inert samplemore » measurement. In this work, we report on the development and implementation of a full safety enclosure for a Paris-Edinburgh type press. During the initial development and subsequent application stage of work, experiments were performed on both cerium dioxide (CeO2) and uranium (U). As a result, this device allows for full implementation of all currently available experimental probes involving the Paris-Edinburgh press at the High Pressure Collaborative Access Team sector of the Advanced Photon Source.« less

Vortex ventilation in the laboratory environment.

PubMed

Meisenzahl, Lawrence R

2014-01-01

Assured containment at low airflow has long eluded the users of ventilated enclosures including chemical fume hoods used throughout industry. It is proposed that containment will be enhanced in a hood that has a particular interior shape that causes a natural vortex to occur. The sustained vortex improves the containment of contaminants within the enclosure at low airflow. This hypothesis was tested using the ASHRAE 110 tracer gas test. A known volume of tracer gas was emitted in the hood. A MIRAN SapphIRe infrared spectrometer was used to measure the concentration of tracer gas that escapes the enclosure. The design of the experiment included a written operating procedure, data collection plan, and statistical analysis of the data. A chemical fume hood of traditional design was tested. The hood interior was then reconstructed to enhance the development of a vortex inside the enclosure. The hood was retested using the same method to compare the performance of the traditional interior shape with the enhanced vortex shape. In every aspect, the vortex hood showed significant improvement over the traditional hood design. Use of the Hood Index characterizing the dilution of gas in an air stream as a logarithmic function indicates a causal relationship between containment and volumetric airflow through an enclosure. Use of the vortex effect for ventilated enclosures can provide better protection for the user and lower operating cost for the owner. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene for the following free supplemental resource: a data collection spreadsheet, data analysis, and data collection procedure.].

50 CFR Table 3 to Part 226 - Hydrologic Units Containing Critical Habitat for Snake River Sockeye Salmon and Snake River...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Habitat for Snake River Sockeye Salmon and Snake River Spring/Summer and Fall Chinook Salmon 3 Table 3 to... Part 226—Hydrologic Units Containing Critical Habitat for Snake River Sockeye Salmon and Snake River Spring/Summer and Fall Chinook Salmon Hydrologic unit name Hydrologic unit number Sockeye salmon Spring...

50 CFR Table 3 to Part 226 - Hydrologic Units Containing Critical Habitat for Snake River Sockeye Salmon and Snake River...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Habitat for Snake River Sockeye Salmon and Snake River Spring/Summer and Fall Chinook Salmon 3 Table 3 to... Part 226—Hydrologic Units Containing Critical Habitat for Snake River Sockeye Salmon and Snake River Spring/Summer and Fall Chinook Salmon Hydrologic unit name Hydrologic unit number Sockeye salmon Spring...

Near and far field contamination modeling in a large scale enclosure: Fire Dynamics Simulator comparisons with measured observations.

PubMed

Ryder, Noah L; Schemel, Christopher F; Jankiewicz, Sean P

2006-03-17

The occurrence of a fire, no matter how small, often exposes objects to significant levels of contamination from the products of combustion. The production and dispersal of these contaminants has been an issue of relevance in the field of fire science for many years, though little work has been done to examine the contamination levels accumulated within an enclosure some time after an incident. This phenomenon is of great importance when considering the consequences associated with even low level contamination of sensitive materials, such as food, pharmaceuticals, clothing, electrical equipment, etc. Not only does such exposure present a localized hazard, but also the shipment of contaminated goods places distant recipients at risk. It is the intent of this paper to use a well-founded computational fluid dynamic (CFD) program, the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), a large eddy simulation (LES) code developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to model smoke dispersion in order to assess the subject of air contamination and post fire surface contamination in a warehouse facility. Measured results are then compared with the results from the FDS model. Two components are examined: the production rate of contaminates and the trajectory of contaminates caused by the forced ventilation conditions. Each plays an important role in determining the extent to which the products of combustion are dispersed and the levels to which products are exposed to the contaminants throughout the enclosure. The model results indicate a good first-order approximation to the measured surface contamination levels. The proper application of the FDS model can provide a cost and time efficient means of evaluating contamination levels within a defined volume.

Numerical study of entropy generation due to coupled laminar and turbulent mixed convection and thermal radiation in an enclosure filled with a semitransparent medium.

PubMed

Goodarzi, M; Safaei, M R; Oztop, Hakan F; Karimipour, A; Sadeghinezhad, E; Dahari, M; Kazi, S N; Jomhari, N

2014-01-01

The effect of radiation on laminar and turbulent mixed convection heat transfer of a semitransparent medium in a square enclosure was studied numerically using the Finite Volume Method. A structured mesh and the SIMPLE algorithm were utilized to model the governing equations. Turbulence and radiation were modeled with the RNG k-ε model and Discrete Ordinates (DO) model, respectively. For Richardson numbers ranging from 0.1 to 10, simulations were performed for Rayleigh numbers in laminar flow (10⁴) and turbulent flow (10⁸). The model predictions were validated against previous numerical studies and good agreement was observed. The simulated results indicate that for laminar and turbulent motion states, computing the radiation heat transfer significantly enhanced the Nusselt number (Nu) as well as the heat transfer coefficient. Higher Richardson numbers did not noticeably affect the average Nusselt number and corresponding heat transfer rate. Besides, as expected, the heat transfer rate for the turbulent flow regime surpassed that in the laminar regime. The simulations additionally demonstrated that for a constant Richardson number, computing the radiation heat transfer majorly affected the heat transfer structure in the enclosure; however, its impact on the fluid flow structure was negligible.

Numerical Study of Entropy Generation due to Coupled Laminar and Turbulent Mixed Convection and Thermal Radiation in an Enclosure Filled with a Semitransparent Medium

PubMed Central

Goodarzi, M.; Safaei, M. R.; Oztop, Hakan F.; Karimipour, A.; Sadeghinezhad, E.; Dahari, M.; Kazi, S. N.; Jomhari, N.

2014-01-01

The effect of radiation on laminar and turbulent mixed convection heat transfer of a semitransparent medium in a square enclosure was studied numerically using the Finite Volume Method. A structured mesh and the SIMPLE algorithm were utilized to model the governing equations. Turbulence and radiation were modeled with the RNG k-ε model and Discrete Ordinates (DO) model, respectively. For Richardson numbers ranging from 0.1 to 10, simulations were performed for Rayleigh numbers in laminar flow (104) and turbulent flow (108). The model predictions were validated against previous numerical studies and good agreement was observed. The simulated results indicate that for laminar and turbulent motion states, computing the radiation heat transfer significantly enhanced the Nusselt number (Nu) as well as the heat transfer coefficient. Higher Richardson numbers did not noticeably affect the average Nusselt number and corresponding heat transfer rate. Besides, as expected, the heat transfer rate for the turbulent flow regime surpassed that in the laminar regime. The simulations additionally demonstrated that for a constant Richardson number, computing the radiation heat transfer majorly affected the heat transfer structure in the enclosure; however, its impact on the fluid flow structure was negligible. PMID:24778601

Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Populations of Wild Animals in Comparison with Animals Bred in Game Enclosures.

PubMed

Kubankova, Monika; Kralik, Petr; Lamka, Jiri; Zakovcik, Vladimir; Dolanský, Marek; Vasickova, Petra

2015-03-15

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is now accepted as a zoonotic virus, and domestic pigs, wild boars and deer are recognised as natural reservoirs of the pathogen. In this study, 762 animals (wild boars, fallow deer, red deer, sika deer, roe deer and mouflons) originating from the wild and from game enclosures were tested for the presence of HEV RNA by qRT-PCR. HEV RNA was detected in wild boars (96/450), red deer (2/169), roe deer (1/30) and mouflons (5/39). The sequence relationship between HEV isolates from wild boars and domestic pigs or humans indicate a circulation of HEV in the Czech Republic.

Numerical heat transfer study in a scattering, absorbing and emitting semi-transparent porous medium in a cylindrical enclosure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Timoumi, M.; Chérif, B.; Sifaoui, M. S.

2005-12-01

In this paper, heat transfer problem through a semi-transparent porous medium in a cylindrical enclosure is investigated. The governing equations for this problem and the boundary conditions are non-linear differential equations depending on the dimensionless radial coordinate, Planck number N, scattering albedo ω, walls emissivity and thermal conductivity ratio kr. The set of differential equations are solved by a numerical technique taken from the IMSL MATH/LIBRARY. Various results are obtained for the dimensionless temperature profiles in the solid and fluid phases and the radiative heat flux. The effects of some radiative properties of the medium on the heat transfer rate are examined.

Immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins. Part 2: impact of container closures.

PubMed

Sharma, Basant

2007-01-01

Immunogenicity as a potential consequence of therapeutic protein administration is increasingly being scrutinized in the biopharmaceuticals industry, particularly with the imminent introduction of biosimilar products. Immunogenicity is an important safety aspect requiring rigorous investigation to fully appreciate its impact. Factors involved in product handling, such as storage temperature, light exposure, and shaking, have been implicated in immunogenicity, while container closure systems are no less important. Intended to provide a stable environment for the dosage form, container closures may also interact with a product, affecting performance and potentially enhancing immunogenicity. Glass surfaces, air-liquid interfaces, and lubricants can mediate protein denaturation, while phthalates in plastics and latex rubber are sources of extractables and leachates that may contaminate a product, causing allergic reactions and increasing immunogenicity. The manufacture of therapeutic proteins therefore requires rigorous safety evaluations not just in the context of the product, but also product containment.

Rack for storing spent nuclear fuel elements

DOEpatents

Rubinstein, Herbert J.; Clark, Philip M.; Gilcrest, James D.

1978-06-20

A rack for storing spent nuclear fuel elements in which a plurality of aligned rows of upright enclosures of generally square cross-sectional areas contain vertically disposed fuel elements. The enclosures are fixed at the lower ends thereof to a base. Pockets are formed between confronting walls of adjacent enclosures for receiving high absorption neutron absorbers, such as Boral, cadmium, borated stainless steel and the like for the closer spacing of spent fuel elements.