31 CFR 594.411 - Palestinian Authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Palestinian Authority. 594.411 Section 594.411 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL TERRORISM SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations...

31 CFR 594.407 - Offshore transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Offshore transactions. 594.407 Section 594.407 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL TERRORISM SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations...

31 CFR 594.403 - Setoffs prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Setoffs prohibited. 594.403 Section 594.403 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL TERRORISM SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations...

31 CFR 594.407 - Offshore transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Offshore transactions. 594.407 Section 594.407 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL TERRORISM SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations...

31 CFR 546.408 - Charitable contributions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Charitable contributions. 546.408 Section 546.408 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DARFUR SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations...

31 CFR 546.406 - Offshore transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Offshore transactions. 546.406 Section 546.406 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DARFUR SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations...

31 CFR 551.401 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false [Reserved] 551.401 Section 551.401 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SOMALIA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 551.401...

31 CFR 595.404 - Setoffs prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Setoffs prohibited. 595.404 Section 595.404 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY TERRORISM SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 595...

31 CFR 594.406 - Provision of services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Provision of services. 594.406 Section 594.406 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL TERRORISM SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations...

31 CFR 594.402 - Effect of amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Effect of amendment. 594.402 Section 594.402 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL TERRORISM SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations...

31 CFR 594.402 - Effect of amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effect of amendment. 594.402 Section 594.402 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL TERRORISM SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations...

31 CFR 594.406 - Provision of services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Provision of services. 594.406 Section 594.406 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL TERRORISM SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations...

31 CFR 546.410 - Setoffs prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Setoffs prohibited. 546.410 Section 546.410 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DARFUR SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 546.410...

31 CFR 546.405 - Provision of services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Provision of services. 546.405 Section 546.405 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DARFUR SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations...

31 CFR 537.406 - Offshore transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Offshore transactions. 537.406 Section 537.406 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BURMESE SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 537.406...

31 CFR 537.408 - Setoffs prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Setoffs prohibited. 537.408 Section 537.408 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BURMESE SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 537.408...

31 CFR 510.405 - Setoffs prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Setoffs prohibited. 510.405 Section 510.405 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 510...

31 CFR 510.401 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false [Reserved] 510.401 Section 510.401 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 510.401...

31 CFR 510.405 - Setoffs prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Setoffs prohibited. 510.405 Section 510.405 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 510...

31 CFR 510.405 - Setoffs prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Setoffs prohibited. 510.405 Section 510.405 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 510...

31 CFR 510.401 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false [Reserved] 510.401 Section 510.401 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 510.401...

31 CFR 510.401 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false [Reserved] 510.401 Section 510.401 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 510.401...

31 CFR 551.405 - Setoffs prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Setoffs prohibited. 551.405 Section 551.405 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SOMALIA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 551.405...

31 CFR 561.402 - Effect of amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effect of amendment. 561.402 Section 561.402 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY IRANIAN FINANCIAL SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations...

31 CFR 510.405 - Setoffs prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Setoffs prohibited. 510.405 Section 510.405 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 510...

31 CFR 510.401 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false [Reserved] 510.401 Section 510.401 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 510.401...

Analyzing precautionary regulation: do precaution, science, and innovation go together?

PubMed

Todt, Oliver; Luján, José Luis

2014-12-01

In this article we argue that the precautionary principle, as applied to the regulation of science and technology, cannot be considered in any general manner inconsistent with the norms and methods of scientific knowledge generation and justification. Moreover, it does not necessarily curtail scientific-technological innovation. Our argument flows from a differentiated view of what precaution in regulation means. We first characterize several of the most relevant interpretations given to the precautionary principle in academic debate and regulatory practice. We then use examples of actual precaution-based regulation to show that, even though science can have varying functions in different circumstances and frames, all of those interpretations recur to scientific method and knowledge, and tend to imply innovation in methods, products, and processes. In fact, the interplay of regulation and innovation in precautionary policy, at least in the case of the interpretations of precaution that our analysis takes into account, could be understood as a way of reconciling the two fundamental science and technology policy functions of promotion and control. © 2014 Society for Risk Analysis.

31 CFR 595.402 - Effect of amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effect of amendment. 595.402 Section 595.402 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY TERRORISM SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 595...

31 CFR 546.402 - Effect of amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effect of amendment. 546.402 Section 546.402 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DARFUR SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 546.402...

31 CFR 546.401 - Reference to amended sections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Reference to amended sections. 546.401 Section 546.401 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DARFUR SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations...

31 CFR 537.405 - Provision of services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Provision of services. 537.405 Section 537.405 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BURMESE SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 537.405...

31 CFR 537.402 - Effect of amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effect of amendment. 537.402 Section 537.402 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BURMESE SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 537.402...

31 CFR 537.401 - Reference to amended sections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Reference to amended sections. 537.401 Section 537.401 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BURMESE SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations...

31 CFR 538.401 - Reference to amended sections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Reference to amended sections. 538.401 Section 538.401 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SUDANESE SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations...

31 CFR 510.402 - Effect of amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Effect of amendment. 510.402 Section 510.402 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 510...

12 CFR 225.125 - Investment adviser activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... with the provisions of § 225.4 (b), act as investment advisers to various types of investment companies... SYSTEM BANK HOLDING COMPANIES AND CHANGE IN BANK CONTROL (REGULATION Y) Regulations Financial Holding Companies Interpretations § 225.125 Investment adviser activities. (a) Effective February 1, 1972, the Board...

31 CFR 510.402 - Effect of amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effect of amendment. 510.402 Section 510.402 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 510...

31 CFR 510.402 - Effect of amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Effect of amendment. 510.402 Section 510.402 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 510...

31 CFR 551.402 - Effect of amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effect of amendment. 551.402 Section 551.402 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SOMALIA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 551.402...

31 CFR 510.402 - Effect of amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Effect of amendment. 510.402 Section 510.402 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 510...

[Emotion Regulation and Emotional Vulnerability in Adolescents with Anxiety Disorders].

PubMed

Zimmermann, Peter; Iwanski, Alexandra; Çelik, Fatma

2015-01-01

From an attachment perspective, insecure attachment patterns in both infancy and adolescence are risk factors for the development of anxiety disorders in adolescence. Dysfunctional emotion regulation and biased social information processing are possible mediating processes. This study examines differences in emotion regulation, emotional vulnerability, and behaviour inhibition in adolescents with clinical diagnosis of anxiety disorder and healthy controls. Adolescents with anxiety disorder reported more maladaptive emotion regulation depending on the specific emotion and a higher incidence of reporting hurt feelings in social interactions. In contrast, behaviour inhibition did not explain additional variance. The results suggest that adolescents with anxiety disorders show a bias in the interpretation of social interactions as frequently emotionally hurting, and the use of dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies that minimize the possibility for effective social emotion regulation by close others or therapists. The results are interpreted within attachment framework.

12 CFR 225.124 - Foreign bank holding companies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Foreign bank holding companies. 225.124 Section... SYSTEM BANK HOLDING COMPANIES AND CHANGE IN BANK CONTROL (REGULATION Y) Regulations Financial Holding Companies Interpretations § 225.124 Foreign bank holding companies. (a) Effective December 1, 1971, the...

12 CFR 225.141 - Operations subsidiaries of a bank holding company.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... company. 225.141 Section 225.141 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BANK HOLDING COMPANIES AND CHANGE IN BANK CONTROL (REGULATION Y) Regulations Financial Holding Companies Interpretations § 225.141 Operations subsidiaries of a bank holding...

31 CFR 545.407 - Services performed in the territory of Afghanistan controlled by the Taliban.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... of Afghanistan controlled by the Taliban. 545.407 Section 545.407 Money and Finance: Treasury... TREASURY TALIBAN (AFGHANISTAN) SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 545.407 Services performed in the territory of Afghanistan controlled by the Taliban. The prohibitions on transactions involving blocked...

Homeostasis: Beyond Curt Richter1

PubMed Central

Woods, Stephen C.; Ramsay, Douglas S.

2007-01-01

Curt Richter introduced behavioral control into the concept of homeostasis, thereby opening entire fields of research. The prevailing dogma, and the techniques he used, conspired to lead Richter and others to interpret regulation in strict negative feedback terms. Although this point of view continues to be embraced by many contemporary biologists, we believe that prevailing sentiment favors a broader view in which organisms integrate anticipatory pre-emptive control over regulated variables whenever possible. PMID:17524521

31 CFR 595.407 - Offshore transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY TERRORISM SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations.... persons in locations outside the United States with respect to property which the U.S. person knows, or...

12 CFR 225.113 - Services under section 4(a) of Bank Holding Company Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Company Act. 225.113 Section 225.113 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BANK HOLDING COMPANIES AND CHANGE IN BANK CONTROL (REGULATION Y) Regulations Financial Holding Companies Interpretations § 225.113 Services under section 4(a) of Bank Holding...

12 CFR 225.127 - Investment in corporations or projects designed primarily to promote community welfare.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Investment in corporations or projects designed... CONTROL (REGULATION Y) Regulations Financial Holding Companies Interpretations § 225.127 Investment in corporations or projects designed primarily to promote community welfare. (a) Under § 225.25(b)(6) of...

Attention training through gaze-contingent feedback: Effects on reappraisal and negative emotions.

PubMed

Sanchez, Alvaro; Everaert, Jonas; Koster, Ernst H W

2016-10-01

Reappraisal is central to emotion regulation but its mechanisms are unclear. This study tested the theoretical prediction that emotional attention bias is linked to reappraisal of negative emotion-eliciting stimuli and subsequent emotional responding using a novel attentional control training. Thirty-six undergraduates were randomly assigned to either the control or the attention training condition and were provided with different task instructions while they performed an interpretation task. Whereas control participants freely created interpretations, participants in the training condition were instructed to allocate attention toward positive words to efficiently create positive interpretations (i.e., recruiting attentional control) while they were provided with gaze-contingent feedback on their viewing behavior. Transfer to attention bias and reappraisal success was evaluated using a dot-probe task and an emotion regulation task which were administered before and after the training. The training condition was effective at increasing attentional control and resulted in beneficial effects on the transfer tasks. Analyses supported a serial indirect effect with larger attentional control acquisition in the training condition leading to negative attention bias reduction, in turn predicting greater reappraisal success which reduced negative emotions. Our results indicate that attentional mechanisms influence the use of reappraisal strategies and its impact on negative emotions. The novel attention training highlights the importance of tailored feedback to train attentional control. The findings provide an important step toward personalized delivery of attention training. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

31 CFR 500.412 - Process vs. manufacture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Process vs. manufacture. 500.412... OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL REGULATIONS Interpretations § 500.412 Process vs. manufacture. A commodity subject to § 500.204 remains subject howsoever it...

12 CFR 225.104 - “Services” under section 4(c)(1) of Bank Holding Company Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Holding Company Act. 225.104 Section 225.104 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BANK HOLDING COMPANIES AND CHANGE IN BANK CONTROL (REGULATION Y) Regulations Financial Holding Companies Interpretations § 225.104 “Services” under section 4(c)(1) of Bank...

12 CFR 225.134 - Escrow arrangements involving bank stock resulting in a violation of the Bank Holding Company Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... resulting in a violation of the Bank Holding Company Act. 225.134 Section 225.134 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BANK HOLDING COMPANIES AND CHANGE IN BANK CONTROL (REGULATION Y) Regulations Financial Holding Companies Interpretations § 225.134...

12 CFR 225.109 - “Services” under section 4(c)(1) of Bank Holding Company Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Holding Company Act. 225.109 Section 225.109 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BANK HOLDING COMPANIES AND CHANGE IN BANK CONTROL (REGULATION Y) Regulations Financial Holding Companies Interpretations § 225.109 “Services” under section 4(c)(1) of Bank...

31 CFR 537.417 - Importation into a bonded warehouse or foreign trade zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Importation into a bonded warehouse or foreign trade zone. 537.417 Section 537.417 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BURMESE SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 537.417...

31 CFR 510.404 - Transactions ordinarily incident to a licensed transaction authorized.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 510.404 Transactions ordinarily incident to a licensed...

31 CFR 545.404 - Transshipment or transit through the United States prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (AFGHANISTAN) SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 545.404 Transshipment or transit through the United... intended or destined for the Taliban or the territory of Afghanistan controlled by the Taliban. (b) The... Afghanistan controlled by the Taliban which are intended or destined for third countries. (c) Goods, software...

31 CFR 575.412 - Release of Iraqi goods from bonded warehouse or foreign trade zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Release of Iraqi goods from bonded warehouse or foreign trade zone. 575.412 Section 575.412 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY IRAQI SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations §...

31 CFR 598.408 - Alleged change in ownership or control of an entity designated as a specially designated...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... of an entity designated as a specially designated narcotics trafficker. 598.408 Section 598.408 Money... CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FOREIGN NARCOTICS KINGPIN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 598... the entity no longer meets the criteria for designation under § 598.314. Evidence submitted must...

31 CFR 598.408 - Alleged change in ownership or control of an entity designated as a specially designated...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... of an entity designated as a specially designated narcotics trafficker. 598.408 Section 598.408 Money... CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FOREIGN NARCOTICS KINGPIN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 598... the entity no longer meets the criteria for designation under § 598.314. Evidence submitted must...

31 CFR 598.408 - Alleged change in ownership or control of an entity designated as a specially designated...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... of an entity designated as a specially designated narcotics trafficker. 598.408 Section 598.408 Money... CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FOREIGN NARCOTICS KINGPIN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 598... the entity no longer meets the criteria for designation under § 598.314. Evidence submitted must...

31 CFR 598.408 - Alleged change in ownership or control of an entity designated as a specially designated...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... of an entity designated as a specially designated narcotics trafficker. 598.408 Section 598.408 Money... CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FOREIGN NARCOTICS KINGPIN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 598... the entity no longer meets the criteria for designation under § 598.314. Evidence submitted must...

31 CFR 592.404 - Importation into or release from a bonded warehouse or foreign trade zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... ROUGH DIAMONDS CONTROL REGULATIONS Interpretations § 592.404 Importation into or release from a bonded... imported shipments of a rough diamond, regardless of whether they are destined for entry into, or...

31 CFR 592.404 - Importation into or release from a bonded warehouse or foreign trade zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... ROUGH DIAMONDS CONTROL REGULATIONS Interpretations § 592.404 Importation into or release from a bonded... imported shipments of a rough diamond, regardless of whether they are destined for entry into, or...

Prefrontal mediation of emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder during laughter perception.

PubMed

Kreifelts, Benjamin; Brück, Carolin; Ethofer, Thomas; Ritter, Jan; Weigel, Lena; Erb, Michael; Wildgruber, Dirk

2017-02-01

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by negatively biased perception of social cues and deficits in emotion regulation. While negatively biased perception is thought to maintain social anxiety, emotion regulation represents an ability necessary to overcome both biased perception and social anxiety. Here, we used laughter as a social threat in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to identify cerebral mediators linking SAD with attention and interpretation biases and their modification through cognitive emotion regulation in the form of reappraisal. We found that reappraisal abolished the negative laughter interpretation bias in SAD and that this process was directly mediated through activation patterns of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) serving as a cerebral pivot between biased social perception and its normalization through reappraisal. Connectivity analyses revealed reduced prefrontal control over threat-processing sensory cortices (here: the temporal voice area) during cognitive emotion regulation in SAD. Our results indicate a central role for the left DLPFC in SAD which might represent a valuable target for future research on interventions either aiming to directly modulate cognitive emotion regulation in SAD or to evaluate its potential as physiological marker for psychotherapeutic interventions relying on emotion regulation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Prescriptive or Interpretive Regulation at the Frontlines of Care Work in the “Three Worlds” of Canada, Germany and Norway

PubMed Central

Daly, Tamara; Struthers, Jim; Müller, Beatrice; Taylor, Deanne; Goldmann, Monika; Doupe, Malcolm; Jacobsen, Frode F.

2018-01-01

This paper examines the tension between macro level regulation and the rule breaking and rule following that happens at the workplace level. Using a comparative study of Canada, Norway, and Germany, the paper documents how long-term residential care work is regulated and organized differently depending on country, regional, and organizational contexts. We ask where each jurisdiction’s staffing regulations fall on a prescription-interpretation continuum; we define prescription as a regulatory tendency to identify what to do and when and how to do it, and interpretation as a tendency to delineate what to do but not when and how to do it. In examining frontline care workers’ strategies for accomplishing everyday social, health, and dining care tasks we explore how a policy-level prescriptive or interpretive regulatory approach affects the potential for promising practices to emerge on the frontlines of care work. Overall, we note the following associations: prescriptive regulatory environments tend to be accompanied by a lower ratio of professional to non-professional staff, a higher concentration of for-profit providers, a lower ratio of staff to residents and a sharper division of labour. Interpretive regulatory environments tend to have higher numbers of professionals relative to non-professionals, more limited for-profit provision, a higher ratio of staff to residents, and a more relational division of labour that enables the work to be more fluid and responsive. The implication of a prescriptive environment, such as is found in Ontario, Canada, is that frontline care workers possess less autonomy to be creative in meeting residents’ needs, a tendency towards more task-oriented care and less job autonomy. The paper reveals that what matters is the type of regulation as well as the regulatory tendency towards controlling frontline care workers decision-making and decision-latitude. PMID:29467547

UV TREATMENT FOR CONTROL OF AEROMONAS (RM.C.M.6)

EPA Science Inventory

The data and related interpretations that will be developed in this research will form the scientific basis for analysis, design, and regulation of polychromatic UV disinfection systems. At present, only minimal data regarding the wavelength-specific nature of microbial dose-resp...

A cybernetic model of global personality traits.

PubMed

Van Egeren, Lawrence F

2009-05-01

Neurobehavioral studies of human and animal temperament have shed light on how individual personality traits influence human actions. This approach, however, leaves open questions about how the entire system of traits and temperaments function together to exercise control. To address this key issue, I describe a cybernetic model of control and then apply it to the Big Five (B5) personality traits. Employing evidence from descriptive trait terms, temperamental behavioral processes associated with traits, and empirical correlates of traits, I relate distinct cybernetic processes of self-regulation to the B5 traits. The B5 traits broadly parallel basic cybernetic self-regulation processes. For example, the core behavior activation property of the B5 Extraversion trait can be mapped onto the device output function of automated cybernetic control systems. Implications and limitations of interpreting personality traits in self-regulation terms are discussed.

49 CFR 40.5 - Who issues authoritative interpretations of this regulation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Who issues authoritative interpretations of this... authoritative interpretations of this regulation? ODAPC and the DOT Office of General Counsel (OGC) provide... official and authoritative interpretations concerning the provisions of this part. DOT agencies may...

Working memory regulates trait anxiety-related threat processing biases.

PubMed

Booth, Robert W; Mackintosh, Bundy; Sharma, Dinkar

2017-06-01

High trait anxious individuals tend to show biased processing of threat. Correlational evidence suggests that executive control could be used to regulate such threat-processing. On this basis, we hypothesized that trait anxiety-related cognitive biases regarding threat should be exaggerated when executive control is experimentally impaired by loading working memory. In Study 1, 68 undergraduates read ambiguous vignettes under high and low working memory load; later, their interpretations of these vignettes were assessed via a recognition test. Trait anxiety predicted biased interpretation of social threat vignettes under high working memory load, but not under low working memory load. In Study 2, 53 undergraduates completed a dot probe task with fear-conditioned Japanese characters serving as threat stimuli. Trait anxiety predicted attentional bias to the threat stimuli but, again, this only occurred under high working memory load. Interestingly however, actual eye movements toward the threat stimuli were only associated with state anxiety, and this was not moderated by working memory load, suggesting that executive control regulates biased threat-processing downstream of initial input processes such as orienting. These results suggest that cognitive loads can exacerbate trait anxiety-related cognitive biases, and therefore represent a useful tool for assessing cognitive biases in future research. More importantly, since biased threat-processing has been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety, poor executive control may be a risk factor for anxiety disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

76 FR 48887 - Liddy's Pharmacy, L.L.C. Denial of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-09

... practitioner acting in the usual course of his practice'' and that a pharmacist has ``a corresponding... pharmacist who fills the prescription.'' Id. Accordingly, the ``person knowingly filling such a purported... interpreted this regulation as ``prohibiting a pharmacist from filling a prescription for controlled...

31 CFR 543.410 - Setoffs prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY CôTE D'IVOIRE SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 543.410 Setoffs prohibited. A setoff against blocked property (including a blocked account), whether by a U.S. bank or other U.S. person, is a prohibited transfer under § 543.201 if effected after the...

31 CFR 543.406 - Offshore transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY CôTE D'IVOIRE SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations... blocked property apply to transactions by any U.S. person in a location outside the United States with respect to property held in the name of a person whose property and interests in property are blocked...

31 CFR 543.410 - Setoffs prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY CôTE D'IVOIRE SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 543.410 Setoffs prohibited. A setoff against blocked property (including a blocked account), whether by a U.S. bank or other U.S. person, is a prohibited transfer under § 543.201 if effected after the...

31 CFR 543.410 - Setoffs prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY CôTE D'IVOIRE SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 543.410 Setoffs prohibited. A setoff against blocked property (including a blocked account), whether by a U.S. bank or other U.S. person, is a prohibited transfer under § 543.201 if effected after the...

Nonlinear Modeling and Control of a Propellant Mixer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barbieri, Enrique; Richter, Hanz; Figueroa, Fernando

2003-01-01

A mixing chamber used in rocket engine combustion testing at NASA Stennis Space Center is modeled by a second order nonlinear MIMO system. The mixer is used to condition the thermodynamic properties of cryogenic liquid propellant by controlled injection of the same substance in the gaseous phase. The three inputs of the mixer are the positions of the valves regulating the liquid and gas flows at the inlets, and the position of the exit valve regulating the flow of conditioned propellant. The outputs to be tracked and/or regulated are mixer internal pressure, exit mass flow, and exit temperature. The outputs must conform to test specifications dictated by the type of rocket engine or component being tested downstream of the mixer. Feedback linearization is used to achieve tracking and regulation of the outputs. It is shown that the system is minimum-phase provided certain conditions on the parameters are satisfied. The conditions are shown to have physical interpretation.

Consolidated permit regulations and hazardous waste management system: Environmental Protection Agency. Notice of issuance of regulation interpretation memorandum.

PubMed

1981-12-10

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is issuing today a Regulation Interpretation Memorandum (RIM) which provides official interpretation of the issue of whether a generator who accumulates hazardous waste pursuant to 40 CFR 262.34, may qualify for interim status after November 19, 1980. This issue arose when the requirements for submitting a Part A permit application (one of the prerequisites to qualifying for interim status) were amended on November 19, 1980. The provisions interpreted today are part of the Consolidated Permit Regulations promulgated under Subtitle C of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as amended (RCRA).

31 CFR 515.415 - Travel to Cuba; transportation of certain Cuban nationals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Travel to Cuba; transportation of... CONTROL REGULATIONS Interpretations § 515.415 Travel to Cuba; transportation of certain Cuban nationals... or a returning resident of the United States, from Cuba to the United States, unless otherwise...

31 CFR 515.415 - Travel to Cuba; transportation of certain Cuban nationals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Travel to Cuba; transportation of... CONTROL REGULATIONS Interpretations § 515.415 Travel to Cuba; transportation of certain Cuban nationals... or a returning resident of the United States, from Cuba to the United States, unless otherwise...

31 CFR 515.415 - Travel to Cuba; transportation of certain Cuban nationals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Travel to Cuba; transportation of... CONTROL REGULATIONS Interpretations § 515.415 Travel to Cuba; transportation of certain Cuban nationals... or a returning resident of the United States, from Cuba to the United States, unless otherwise...

31 CFR 515.415 - Travel to Cuba; transportation of certain Cuban nationals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Travel to Cuba; transportation of... CONTROL REGULATIONS Interpretations § 515.415 Travel to Cuba; transportation of certain Cuban nationals... or a returning resident of the United States, from Cuba to the United States, unless otherwise...

31 CFR 515.415 - Travel to Cuba; transportation of certain Cuban nationals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Travel to Cuba; transportation of... CONTROL REGULATIONS Interpretations § 515.415 Travel to Cuba; transportation of certain Cuban nationals... or a returning resident of the United States, from Cuba to the United States, unless otherwise...

31 CFR 539.405 - Importation of goods or technology from third countries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Importation of goods or technology... DESTRUCTION TRADE CONTROL REGULATIONS Interpretations § 539.405 Importation of goods or technology from third countries. Importation into the United States from third countries of goods or technology is prohibited if...

31 CFR 539.405 - Importation of goods or technology from third countries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Importation of goods or technology... DESTRUCTION TRADE CONTROL REGULATIONS Interpretations § 539.405 Importation of goods or technology from third countries. Importation into the United States from third countries of goods or technology is prohibited if...

Defining a clinically meaningful effect for the design and interpretation of randomized controlled trials.

PubMed

Keefe, Richard S E; Kraemer, Helena C; Epstein, Robert S; Frank, Ellen; Haynes, Ginger; Laughren, Thomas P; McNulty, James; Reed, Shelby D; Sanchez, Juan; Leon, Andrew C

2013-05-01

This article captures the proceedings of a meeting aimed at defining clinically meaningful effects for use in randomized controlled trials for psychopharmacological agents. Experts from a variety of disciplines defined clinically meaningful effects from their perspectives along with viewpoints about how to design and interpret randomized controlled trials. The article offers relevant, practical, and sometimes anecdotal information about clinically meaningful effects and how to interpret them. The concept for this session was the work of co-chairs Richard Keefe and the late Andy Leon. Faculty included Richard Keefe, PhD; James McNulty, AbScB; Robert S. Epstein, MD, MS; Shelby D. Reed, PhD; Juan Sanchez, MD; Ginger Haynes, PhD; Andrew C. Leon, PhD; Helena Chmura Kraemer, PhD; Ellen Frank, PhD, and Kenneth L. Davis, MD. The term clinically meaningful effect is an important aspect of designing and interpreting randomized controlled trials but can be particularly difficult in the setting of psychopharmacology where effect size may be modest, particularly over the short term, because of a strong response to placebo. Payers, regulators, patients, and clinicians have different concerns about clinically meaningful effects and may describe these terms differently. The use of moderators in success rate differences may help better delineate clinically meaningful effects. There is no clear consensus on a single definition for clinically meaningful differences in randomized controlled trials, and investigators must be sensitive to specific concerns of stakeholders in psychopharmacology in order to design and execute appropriate clinical trials.

Context-dependent control of alternative splicing by RNA-binding proteins

PubMed Central

Fu, Xiang-Dong; Ares, Manuel

2015-01-01

Sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) bind to pre-mRNA to control alternative splicing, but it is not yet possible to read the ‘splicing code’ that dictates splicing regulation on the basis of genome sequence. Each alternative splicing event is controlled by multiple RBPs, the combined action of which creates a distribution of alternatively spliced products in a given cell type. As each cell type expresses a distinct array of RBPs, the interpretation of regulatory information on a given RNA target is exceedingly dependent on the cell type. RBPs also control each other’s functions at many levels, including by mutual modulation of their binding activities on specific regulatory RNA elements. In this Review, we describe some of the emerging rules that govern the highly context-dependent and combinatorial nature of alternative splicing regulation. PMID:25112293

[Topical issues of biological safety under current conditions. Part 3. Scientific provision for the national regulation of the biological safety framework in its broad interpretation].

PubMed

Onishchenko, G G; Smolensky, V Yu; Ezhlova, E B; Demina, Yu V; Toporkov, V P; Toporkov, A V; Lyapin, M N; Kutyrev, V V

2014-01-01

Consequent of investigation concerned with biological safety (BS) framework development in its broad interpretation, reflected in the Russian Federation State Acts, identified have been conceptual entity parameters of the up-to-date broad interpretation of BS, which have formed a part of the developed by the authors system for surveillance (prophylaxis, localization, indication, identification, and diagnostics) and control (prophylaxis, localization, and response/elimination) over the emergency situations of biological (sanitary-epidemiological) character. The System functionality is activated through supplying the content with information data which are concerned with monitoring and control of specific internal and external threats in the sphere of BS provision fixed in the Supplement 2 of the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005), and with the previously characterized nomenclature of hazardous biological factors. The system is designed as a network-based research-and-practice tool for evaluation of the situation in the sphere of BS provision, as well as assessment of efficacy of management decision making as regards BS control and proper State policy implementation. Most of the system elements either directly or indirectly relate to the scope of activities conducted by Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Rights Protection and Human Welfare, being substantial argument for allocating coordination functions in the sphere of BS provision to this government agency and consistent with its function as the State Coordinator on IHR (2005). The data collected serve as materials to Draft Federal Law "Concerning biological safety provision of the population".

Development of the Initial Small Unit Decision Making (SUDM) Assessment Battery

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-12-21

Anomaly Detection Ambiguity Tolerance Metacognition Change Detection Self-Awareness Attentional Control Situational Assessment Self-Regulation Maneuver...allow the participants to freely write -in their actions or interpretations (Psotka, Streeter, Landaver, 2004). Answers scored as appropriate...Streeter, L. A., Landauer, T. K., Lochbaum, K. E., & Robinson, K. (2004). Augmenting Electronic Environments for Leadership. In Advanced Technologies

75 FR 48914 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 90-Day Finding on a Petition to Delist the Tiger...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-12

... Federal regulations are relevant to the tiger: the Captive Bred Wildlife (CBW) registration program under... interpretation of the appropriate degree of control for these species of captive bred wildlife. The Service has...). Domestic livestock, such as cattle, water buffalos, goats, and dogs, are also frequently taken by tigers...

75 FR 17003 - Reconsideration of Interpretation of Regulations That Determine Pollutants Covered by Clean Air...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-02

... Law Dictionary (8th Ed.) is ``the act or process of controlling by rule or restriction.'' However, an alternative meaning in this same dictionary defines the term as ``a rule or order, having legal force, usu. issued by an administrative agency or local government.'' The primary meaning in Webster's dictionary for...

The regulatory function of self-conscious emotion: insights from patients with orbitofrontal damage.

PubMed

Beer, Jennifer S; Heerey, Erin A; Keltner, Dacher; Scabini, Donatella; Knight, Robert T

2003-10-01

Although once considered disruptive, self-conscious emotions are now theorized to be fundamentally involved in the regulation of social behavior. The present study examined the social regulation function of self-conscious emotions by comparing healthy participants with a neuropsychological population--patients with orbitofrontal lesions--characterized by selective regulatory deficits. Orbitofrontal patients and healthy controls participated in a series of tasks designed to assess their social regulation and self-conscious emotions. Another task assessed the ability to infer others' emotional states, an appraisal process involved in self-conscious emotion. Consistent with the theory that self-conscious emotions are important for regulating social behavior, the findings show that deficient behavioral regulation is associated with inappropriate self-conscious emotions that reinforce maladaptive behavior. Additionally, deficient behavioral regulation is associated with impairments in interpreting the self-conscious emotions of others.

28 CFR Appendix E-Guidance to... - Appendix E-Guidance to Revisions to ADA Title II and Title III Regulations Revising the Meaning...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2017-07-01

... Title II and Title III Regulations Revising the Meaning and Interpretation of the Definition of... E-Guidance to Revisions to ADA Title II and Title III Regulations Revising the Meaning and... Title II and Title III Regulations Revising the Meaning and Interpretation of the Definition of...

Response Conflict and Affective Responses in the Control and Expression of Race Bias

PubMed Central

Bartholow, Bruce D.; Henry, Erika A.

2010-01-01

Models of racial attitudes traditionally have assumed that individual differences in the strength of underlying, ‘implicit’ associations between racial categories and stereotypical traits are the primary determinant of the expression of race bias. Thus, individual differences in performance on laboratory tasks designed to assess implicit race bias tend to be interpreted in terms of association strength. Here, we argue that such associations tell only part of the story, and probably the least interesting part. We posit that response conflict and its regulation are critical to understanding the need for control, and that affect-related processes help to determine the extent to which control resources will be implemented to overcome biased associations. We present data from a number of recent behavioral and psychophysiological studies in support of this idea, as well as conceptual accounts that point toward a model of race bias regulation that depends upon processes identified as important for regulation of thought, affect and action more generally. PMID:21278910

Response Conflict and Affective Responses in the Control and Expression of Race Bias.

PubMed

Bartholow, Bruce D; Henry, Erika A

2010-10-01

Models of racial attitudes traditionally have assumed that individual differences in the strength of underlying, 'implicit' associations between racial categories and stereotypical traits are the primary determinant of the expression of race bias. Thus, individual differences in performance on laboratory tasks designed to assess implicit race bias tend to be interpreted in terms of association strength. Here, we argue that such associations tell only part of the story, and probably the least interesting part. We posit that response conflict and its regulation are critical to understanding the need for control, and that affect-related processes help to determine the extent to which control resources will be implemented to overcome biased associations. We present data from a number of recent behavioral and psychophysiological studies in support of this idea, as well as conceptual accounts that point toward a model of race bias regulation that depends upon processes identified as important for regulation of thought, affect and action more generally.

Defining a Clinically Meaningful Effect for the Design and Interpretation of Randomized Controlled Trials

PubMed Central

Kraemer, Helena C.; Epstein, Robert S.; Frank, Ellen; Haynes, Ginger; Laughren, Thomas P.; Mcnulty, James; Reed, Shelby D.; Sanchez, Juan; Leon, Andrew C.

2013-01-01

Objective: This article captures the proceedings of a meeting aimed at defining clinically meaningful effects for use in randomized controlled trials for psychopharmacological agents. Design: Experts from a variety of disciplines defined clinically meaningful effects from their perspectives along with viewpoints about how to design and interpret randomized controlled trials. Setting: The article offers relevant, practical, and sometimes anecdotal information about clinically meaningful effects and how to interpret them. Participants: The concept for this session was the work of co-chairs Richard Keefe and the late Andy Leon. Faculty included Richard Keefe, PhD; James McNulty, AbScB; Robert S. Epstein, MD, MS; Shelby D. Reed, PhD; Juan Sanchez, MD; Ginger Haynes, PhD; Andrew C. Leon, PhD; Helena Chmura Kraemer, PhD; Ellen Frank, PhD, and Kenneth L. Davis, MD. Results: The term clinically meaningful effect is an important aspect of designing and interpreting randomized controlled trials but can be particularly difficult in the setting of psychopharmacology where effect size may be modest, particularly over the short term, because of a strong response to placebo. Payers, regulators, patients, and clinicians have different concerns about clinically meaningful effects and may describe these terms differently. The use of moderators in success rate differences may help better delineate clinically meaningful effects. Conclusion: There is no clear consensus on a single definition for clinically meaningful differences in randomized controlled trials, and investigators must be sensitive to specific concerns of stakeholders in psychopharmacology in order to design and execute appropriate clinical trials. PMID:23882433

Sonic hedgehog controls growth of external genitalia by regulating cell cycle kinetics

PubMed Central

Seifert, Ashley W.; Zheng, Zhengui; Ormerod, Brandi K.; Cohn, Martin J.

2010-01-01

During embryonic development, cells are instructed which position to occupy, they interpret these cues as differentiation programmes, and expand these patterns by growth. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) specifies positional identity in many organs; however, its role in growth is not well understood. In this study, we show that inactivation of Shh in external genitalia extends the cell cycle from 8.5 to 14.4 h, and genital growth is reduced by ∼75%. Transient Shh signalling establishes pattern in the genital tubercle; however, transcriptional levels of G1 cell cycle regulators are reduced. Consequently, G1 length is extended, leading to fewer progenitor cells entering S-phase. Cell cycle genes responded similarly to Shh inactivation in genitalia and limbs, suggesting that Shh may regulate growth by similar mechanisms in different organ systems. The finding that Shh regulates cell number by controlling the length of specific cell cycle phases identifies a novel mechanism by which Shh elaborates pattern during appendage development. PMID:20975695

Keeping the lid on: a century of drug regulation and control.

PubMed

Spillane, Joseph; McAllister, William B

2003-06-05

Since the early 1900s, national and international drug control legislation has acted as a key site of contention between important societal actors. Physicians and pharmacists, regulators and drug companies, patients and addicts, and researchers and pharmacologists all attempted to influence formulation and interpretation of the rules that regulate access to addicting but medically useful substances. The 1970 Controlled Substances Act (CSA) consolidated and rationalized previous US domestic legislation and paid careful attention to the international aspects of the issue. Yet the CSA also incorporated long-standing fundamental disputes about who would act as gatekeepers, what criteria would be employed in regulatory decisions, and the basic goals of drug control legislation. Rather than view the CSA as a beginning or an end, it is better conceived as a major milepost in a century-long odyssey of maneuvering among interested parties for advantage in a complex regulatory environment. Instead of providing a definitive authoritative structure to which all parties must adhere, the CSA has served as a vehicle for discernment and continuous renegotiation of essential concepts such as "abuse liability".

The Explosion of Real Time and the Structural Conditions of Temporality in a Society of Control: Durations and Urgencies of Academic Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lapping, Claudia

2017-01-01

In the context of ongoing debates about the distinctive temporalities associated with contemporary regulative regimes, this paper explores the interpretive trajectories initiated in contrasting conceptualisations of the politics of time. This exploration is developed through analysis of interview data from a study of unconscious relations in…

31 CFR 535.420 - Transfers of accounts under § 535.508 from demand to interest-bearing status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Transfers of accounts under § 535.508... IRANIAN ASSETS CONTROL REGULATIONS Interpretations § 535.420 Transfers of accounts under § 535.508 from demand to interest-bearing status. Section 535.508 authorizes transfer of a blocked demand deposit...

31 CFR 535.420 - Transfers of accounts under § 535.508 from demand to interest-bearing status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Transfers of accounts under § 535.508... IRANIAN ASSETS CONTROL REGULATIONS Interpretations § 535.420 Transfers of accounts under § 535.508 from demand to interest-bearing status. Section 535.508 authorizes transfer of a blocked demand deposit...

31 CFR 535.420 - Transfers of accounts under § 535.508 from demand to interest-bearing status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Transfers of accounts under § 535... TREASURY IRANIAN ASSETS CONTROL REGULATIONS Interpretations § 535.420 Transfers of accounts under § 535.508 from demand to interest-bearing status. Section 535.508 authorizes transfer of a blocked demand deposit...

Effects of automobile steering characteristics on driver vehicle system dynamics in regulation tasks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcruer, D. T.; Klein, R.

1975-01-01

A regulation task which subjected the automobile to a random gust disturbance which is countered by driver control action is used to study the effects of various automobile steering characteristics on the driver/vehicle system. The experiments used a variable stability automobile specially configured to permit insertion of the simulated gust disturbance and the measurement of the driver/vehicle system characteristics. Driver/vehicle system dynamics were measured and interpreted as an effective open loop system describing function. Objective measures of system bandwidth, stability, and time delays were deduced and compared. These objective measures were supplemented by driver ratings. A tentative optimum range of vehicle dynamics for the directional regulation task was established.

The effects of bilingualism on conflict monitoring, cognitive control, and garden-path recovery.

PubMed

Teubner-Rhodes, Susan E; Mishler, Alan; Corbett, Ryan; Andreu, Llorenç; Sanz-Torrent, Monica; Trueswell, John C; Novick, Jared M

2016-05-01

Bilinguals demonstrate benefits on non-linguistic tasks requiring cognitive control-the regulation of mental activity to resolve information-conflict during processing. This "bilingual advantage" has been attributed to the consistent management of two languages, yet it remains unknown if these benefits extend to sentence processing. In monolinguals, cognitive control helps detect and revise misinterpretations of sentence meaning. Here, we test if the bilingual advantage extends to parsing and interpretation by comparing bilinguals' and monolinguals' syntactic ambiguity resolution before and after practicing N-back, a non-syntactic cognitive-control task. Bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on a high-conflict but not a no-conflict version of N-back and on sentence comprehension, indicating that the advantage extends to language interpretation. Gains on N-back conflict trials also predicted comprehension improvements for ambiguous sentences, suggesting that the bilingual advantage emerges across tasks tapping shared cognitive-control procedures. Because the overall task benefits were observed for conflict and non-conflict trials, bilinguals' advantage may reflect increased cognitive flexibility. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Role of Emotion Regulation in the Predictive Association between Social Information Processing and Aggressive Behavior in Adolescents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Calvete, Esther; Orue, Izaskun

2012-01-01

The primary aim of this study was to assess the moderating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between some components of social information processing (hostile interpretation and anger) and aggressive behavior. The secondary aim was to assess whether emotion regulation, hostile interpretation, and anger account for gender differences…

77 FR 38173 - Child Labor Regulations, Orders and Statements of Interpretation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-27

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Wage and Hour Division 29 CFR Part 570 Child Labor Regulations, Orders and Statements of Interpretation CFR Correction 0 In Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 500 to 899, revised as of July 1, 2011, on page 302, the section heading for Sec. 570.65 is corrected to read...

Changing views of emotion regulation and neurobiological models of the mechanism of action of psychotherapy.

PubMed

Messina, Irene; Sambin, Marco; Beschoner, Petra; Viviani, Roberto

2016-08-01

Influential neurobiological models of the mechanism of action of psychotherapy attribute its success to increases of activity in prefrontal areas and decreases in limbic areas, interpreted as the successful and adaptive recruitment of controlled processes to achieve emotion regulation. In this article, we review the behavioral and neuroscientific evidence in support of this model and its applicability to explain the mechanism of action of psychotherapy. Neuroimaging studies of explicit emotion regulation, evidence on the neurobiological substrates of implicit emotion regulation, and meta-analyses of neuroimaging studies of the effect of psychotherapy consistently suggest that areas implicated in coding semantic representations play an important role in emotion regulation not covered by existing models based on controlled processes. We discuss the findings that implicate these same areas in supporting working memory, in encoding preferences and the prospective outcome of actions taken in rewarding or aversive contingencies, and show how these functions may be integrated into process models of emotion regulation that depend on elaborate semantic representations for their effectiveness. These alternative models also appear to be more consistent with internal accounts in the psychotherapeutic literature of how psychotherapy works.

On the neutralization of acid rock drainage by carbonate and silicate minerals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sherlock, E. J.; Lawrence, R. W.; Poulin, R.

1995-02-01

The net result of acid-generating and-neutralizing reactions within mining wastes is termed acid rock drainage (ARD). The oxidation of sulfide minerals is the major contributor to acid generation. Dissolution and alteration of various minerals can contribute to the neutralization of acid. Definitions of alkalinity, acidity, and buffer capacity are reviewed, and a detailed discussion of the dissolution and neutralizing capacity of carbonate and silicate minerals related to equilibium conditions, dissolution mechanism, and kinetics is provided. Factors that determine neutralization rate by carbonate and silicate minerals include: pH, PCO 2, equilibrium conditions, temperature, mineral composition and structure, redox conditions, and the presence of “foreign” ions. Similar factors affect sulfide oxidation. Comparison of rates shows sulfides react fastest, followed by carbonates and silicates. The differences in the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of neutralization have important implications in the prediction, control, and regulation of ARD. Current static and kinetic prediction methods upon which mine permitting, ARD control, and mine closure plans are based do not consider sample mineralogy or the kinetics of the acid-generating and-neutralizing reactions. Erroneous test interpretations and predictions can result. The importance of considering mineralogy for site-specific interpretation is highlighted. Uncertainty in prediction leads to difficulties for the mine operator in developing satisfactory and cost-effective control and remediation measures. Thus, the application of regulations and guidelines for waste management planning need to beflexible.

Early Patterns of Self-Regulation as Risk and Promotive Factors in Development: A Longitudinal Study from Childhood to Adulthood in a High-Risk Sample

PubMed Central

Causadias, José M.; Salvatore, Jessica E.; Sroufe, L. Alan

2012-01-01

The present study examines two childhood markers of self-regulation, ego-control and ego-resiliency, as promotive factors for the development of global adjustment and as risk factors for the development of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in a high-risk sample. Teachers and observers rated ego-control and ego-resiliency when participants (n = 136) were in preschool and elementary school. Ratings showed evidence for convergent and discriminant validity and stability over time. Ego-resiliency, but not ego-control, emerged as powerful predictor of adaptive functioning at age 19 and 26, as well as internalizing and externalizing problems at 16, 23, 26, and 32 years. We interpret these findings as evidence that flexibility and adaptability -measured with ego-resiliency- may reduce risk and promote successful adaptation in low-SES environments. PMID:23155299

Presence of nurse mandatory overtime regulations and nurse and patient outcomes.

PubMed

Bae, Sung-Heui

2013-01-01

Working overtime among nurses is a prevalent practice used to control chronic understaffing and a common method used to handle normal variations in the patient census. The underlining mechanism of the relationship of nurse overtime to nurse injuries and adverse patient events is that when nurses work overtime or long hours, it contributes to nurses' fatigue and sleep so their alertness and vigilance are impaired in both their regular shift and overtime shift. The associations between mandatory overtime regulations and nurse and patient outcomes were examined among a sample of 173 nurses in North Carolina and West Virginia. Findings indicated mandatory nurse overtime regulation did not have any association with nurse injuries. There were statistically significant associations found between the regulations and adverse patient events. However, these associations should be interpreted with caution because the regulations were not related to nurse overtime or long work hours.

Hotline questions provide insight on EPA`s interpretation of the regs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1993-11-01

The RCRA/Superfund and Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act Hotlines (1-800-424-9346 and 1-800-535-0202, respectively) provide the regulated community with answers to questions about the regulation of hazardous wastes under RCRA, CERCLA, and EPCRA. Some questions fielded by the Hotline staff require interpretation by EPA personnel, and these written interpretations are distributed within the agency in monthly reports. Although the interpretations are not legally binding and cannot be considered {open_quotes}official{close_quotes} agency policy, they are helpful in understanding the regulations. Presented below are summaries of Hotline questions that are of widespread interest. The summaries are based on the RCRA/Superfund and Emergency Planningmore » and Community Right-to-Know Act Hotline Reports for June and July 1993.« less

Longevity and its regulation: centenarians and beyond.

PubMed

Robert, L; Fulop, T

2014-01-01

Regulation of longevity depends on genetic and environmental factors. According to Svanborg, a Swedish geriatrician, over the last decades human life expectancy increased as well as the age at onset of fatal diseases. Nevertheless, autopsies of centenarians revealed the presence of several severe pathologies which could have killed them much earlier. Therefore, the emphasis is on regulation of resistance dependent on the expression of genes such as Sirtuins, mTOR pathway and others controlling body resistance. Only a small fraction (<1%) of centenarians live to become supercentenarians (110 years), indicating a limit of performance and resistance of the body. This limit can be interpreted as 'tinkering' of nature instead of producing masterpieces as suggested by F. Jacob. These facts and theories are described in this chapter.

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 226 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations C Appendix C... of Staff Interpretations Official Staff Interpretations Officials in the Board's Division of Consumer and Community Affairs are authorized to issue official staff interpretations of this regulation. These...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 226 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations C Appendix C... of Staff Interpretations Official Staff Interpretations Officials in the Board's Division of Consumer and Community Affairs are authorized to issue official staff interpretations of this regulation. These...

[Good for your health? An analysis of the requirements for scientific substantiation in European health claims regulation].

PubMed

Todt, Oliver; Luján, José Luis

2016-06-01

To identify the various types of evidence, as well as their relative importance in European health claims regulation, in order to analyze the consequences for consumer protection of the requirements for scientific substantiation in this regulation. Qualitative analysis of various documents relevant to the regulatory process, particularly as to the implications of the standards of proof for the functional food market, as well as consumer behavior. European regulation defines a hierarchy of evidence that turns randomized controlled trials into a necessary and sufficient condition for health claim authorizations. Consumer protection can be interpreted in different manners. High standards of proof protect consumers from false information about the health outcomes of functional foods, while lower standards lead to more, albeit less accurate information about such outcomes being available to consumers.

Regulation of Hedgehog Signalling Inside and Outside the Cell

PubMed Central

Ramsbottom, Simon A.; Pownall, Mary E.

2016-01-01

The hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway is conserved throughout metazoans and plays an important regulatory role in both embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Many levels of regulation exist that control the release, reception, and interpretation of the hedgehog signal. The fatty nature of the Shh ligand means that it tends to associate tightly with the cell membrane, and yet it is known to act as a morphogen that diffuses to elicit pattern formation. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) play a major role in the regulation of Hh distribution outside the cell. Inside the cell, the primary cilium provides an important hub for processing the Hh signal in vertebrates. This review will summarise the current understanding of how the Hh pathway is regulated from ligand production, release, and diffusion, through to signal reception and intracellular transduction. PMID:27547735

Shared control of gene expression in bacteria by transcription factors and global physiology of the cell

PubMed Central

Berthoumieux, Sara; de Jong, Hidde; Baptist, Guillaume; Pinel, Corinne; Ranquet, Caroline; Ropers, Delphine; Geiselmann, Johannes

2013-01-01

Gene expression is controlled by the joint effect of (i) the global physiological state of the cell, in particular the activity of the gene expression machinery, and (ii) DNA-binding transcription factors and other specific regulators. We present a model-based approach to distinguish between these two effects using time-resolved measurements of promoter activities. We demonstrate the strength of the approach by analyzing a circuit involved in the regulation of carbon metabolism in E. coli. Our results show that the transcriptional response of the network is controlled by the physiological state of the cell and the signaling metabolite cyclic AMP (cAMP). The absence of a strong regulatory effect of transcription factors suggests that they are not the main coordinators of gene expression changes during growth transitions, but rather that they complement the effect of global physiological control mechanisms. This change of perspective has important consequences for the interpretation of transcriptome data and the design of biological networks in biotechnology and synthetic biology. PMID:23340840

76 FR 20898 - Proposed Airworthiness Directive Legal Interpretation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-14

...-1167] Proposed Airworthiness Directive Legal Interpretation AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration... Administration is considering issuing a legal interpretation on various provisions in the regulations applicable... developing the final legal interpretation. DATES: Comments must be received on or before May 16, 2011...

A peptide export-import control circuit modulating bacterial development regulates protein phosphatases of the phosphorelay.

PubMed

Perego, M

1997-08-05

The phosphorelay signal transduction system activates developmental transcription in sporulation of Bacillus subtilis by phosphorylation of aspartyl residues of the Spo0F and Spo0A response regulators. The phosphorylation level of these response regulators is determined by the opposing activities of protein kinases and protein aspartate phosphatases that interpret positive and negative signals for development in a signal integration circuit. The RapA protein aspartate phosphatase of the phosphorelay is regulated by a peptide that directly inhibits its activity. This peptide is proteolytically processed from an inactive pre-inhibitor protein encoded in the phrA gene. The pre-inhibitor is cleaved by the protein export apparatus to a putative pro-inhibitor that is further processed to the active inhibitor peptide and internalized by the oligopeptide permease. This export-import circuit is postulated to be a mechanism for timing phosphatase activity where the processing enzymes regulate the rate of formation of the active inhibitor. The processing events may, in turn, be controlled by a regulatory hierarchy. Chromosome sequencing has revealed several other phosphatase-prepeptide gene pairs in B. subtilis, suggesting that the use of this mechanism may be widespread in signal transduction.

A peptide export–import control circuit modulating bacterial development regulates protein phosphatases of the phosphorelay

PubMed Central

Perego, Marta

1997-01-01

The phosphorelay signal transduction system activates developmental transcription in sporulation of Bacillus subtilis by phosphorylation of aspartyl residues of the Spo0F and Spo0A response regulators. The phosphorylation level of these response regulators is determined by the opposing activities of protein kinases and protein aspartate phosphatases that interpret positive and negative signals for development in a signal integration circuit. The RapA protein aspartate phosphatase of the phosphorelay is regulated by a peptide that directly inhibits its activity. This peptide is proteolytically processed from an inactive pre-inhibitor protein encoded in the phrA gene. The pre-inhibitor is cleaved by the protein export apparatus to a putative pro-inhibitor that is further processed to the active inhibitor peptide and internalized by the oligopeptide permease. This export–import circuit is postulated to be a mechanism for timing phosphatase activity where the processing enzymes regulate the rate of formation of the active inhibitor. The processing events may, in turn, be controlled by a regulatory hierarchy. Chromosome sequencing has revealed several other phosphatase–prepeptide gene pairs in B. subtilis, suggesting that the use of this mechanism may be widespread in signal transduction. PMID:9238025

15 CFR Supplement No. 15 to Part 760 - Interpretation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interpretation No. Supplement No. 15 to Part 760 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS RESTRICTIVE...

15 CFR Supplement No. 8 to Part 760 - Interpretation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Interpretation No. Supplement No. 8 to Part 760 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS RESTRICTIVE...

15 CFR Supplement No. 8 to Part 760 - Interpretation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interpretation No. Supplement No. 8 to Part 760 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS RESTRICTIVE...

15 CFR Supplement No. 8 to Part 760 - Interpretation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Interpretation No. Supplement No. 8 to Part 760 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS RESTRICTIVE...

Hotline questions provide insight on EPA`s interpretation of the regs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1995-07-01

The RCRA/Superfund and Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act Hotlines (1-800-424-9346) and 1-800-535-0202, (respectively) provide the regulated community with answers to questions about the regulation of hazardous wastes under RCRA, CERCLA, and EPCRA. Some questions fielded by the Hotline staff require interpretation by EPA personnel, and these written interpretations are distributed within the agency in monthly reports. Although the interpretations are not legally binding and cannot be considered {open_quotes}official{close_quotes} agency policy, they are helpful in understanding the regulations. Presented below are summaries of Hotline questions that are of widespread interest. The summaries are based on the RCRA/Superfund and Emergency Planningmore » and Community Right-to-Know Act Hotline Reports for October 1995 through February 1995.« less

29 CFR 570.103 - Comparison with wage and hour provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... REGULATIONS CHILD LABOR REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION General Statements of Interpretation of the Child Labor Provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as Amended General § 570.103 Comparison with wage and hour provisions. A comparison of the child labor provisions with the so...

29 CFR 570.103 - Comparison with wage and hour provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... REGULATIONS CHILD LABOR REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION General Statements of Interpretation of the Child Labor Provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as Amended General § 570.103 Comparison with wage and hour provisions. A comparison of the child labor provisions with the so...

29 CFR 570.103 - Comparison with wage and hour provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... provisions, regardless of their age or sex. The fact therefore, that the employment of a particular child is... REGULATIONS CHILD LABOR REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION General Statements of Interpretation of the Child Labor Provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as Amended General § 570...

29 CFR 570.103 - Comparison with wage and hour provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... REGULATIONS CHILD LABOR REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION General Statements of Interpretation of the Child Labor Provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as Amended General § 570.103 Comparison with wage and hour provisions. A comparison of the child labor provisions with the so...

29 CFR 570.103 - Comparison with wage and hour provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... REGULATIONS CHILD LABOR REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION General Statements of Interpretation of the Child Labor Provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as Amended General § 570.103 Comparison with wage and hour provisions. A comparison of the child labor provisions with the so...

10 CFR 26.7 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Interpretations. 26.7 Section 26.7 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION FITNESS FOR DUTY PROGRAMS Administrative Provisions § 26.7 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in...

10 CFR 26.7 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Interpretations. 26.7 Section 26.7 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION FITNESS FOR DUTY PROGRAMS Administrative Provisions § 26.7 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in...

10 CFR 26.7 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Interpretations. 26.7 Section 26.7 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION FITNESS FOR DUTY PROGRAMS Administrative Provisions § 26.7 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in...

10 CFR 26.7 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Interpretations. 26.7 Section 26.7 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION FITNESS FOR DUTY PROGRAMS Administrative Provisions § 26.7 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in...

10 CFR 26.7 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interpretations. 26.7 Section 26.7 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION FITNESS FOR DUTY PROGRAMS Administrative Provisions § 26.7 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in...

10 CFR 55.6 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Interpretations. 55.6 Section 55.6 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) OPERATORS' LICENSES General Provisions § 55.6 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in...

10 CFR 55.6 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interpretations. 55.6 Section 55.6 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) OPERATORS' LICENSES General Provisions § 55.6 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in...

31 CFR 50.9 - Procedure for requesting general interpretations of statute.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... TERRORISM RISK INSURANCE PROGRAM General Provisions § 50.9 Procedure for requesting general interpretations... request an interpretation of the Act or regulations by writing to the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program...

31 CFR 50.9 - Procedure for requesting general interpretations of statute.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... TERRORISM RISK INSURANCE PROGRAM General Provisions § 50.9 Procedure for requesting general interpretations... request an interpretation of the Act or regulations by writing to the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program...

31 CFR 50.9 - Procedure for requesting general interpretations of statute.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... TERRORISM RISK INSURANCE PROGRAM General Provisions § 50.9 Procedure for requesting general interpretations... request an interpretation of the Act or regulations by writing to the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program...

31 CFR 50.9 - Procedure for requesting general interpretations of statute.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... TERRORISM RISK INSURANCE PROGRAM General Provisions § 50.9 Procedure for requesting general interpretations... request an interpretation of the Act or regulations by writing to the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program...

Amygdala Response and Functional Connectivity During Emotion Regulation: A Study of 14 Depressed Adolescents

PubMed Central

Perlman, Greg; Simmons, Alan N.; Wu, Jing; Hahn, Kevin S.; Tapert, Susan F.; Max, Jeffrey E.; Paulus, Martin P.; Brown, Gregory G.; Frank, Guido K.; Campbell-Sills, Laura; Yang, Tony T.

2012-01-01

Background Ineffective emotion regulation and abnormal amygdala activation have each been found in adolescent-onset major depressive disorder. However, amygdala activation during emotion regulation has not been studied in adolescent-onset major depressive disorder. Method Fourteen unmedicated adolescents diagnosed with current depression without comorbid psychiatric disorders and fourteen well-matched controls ages 13 to 17 years underwent an emotional regulation task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. During this task, participants viewed negatively-valence images and were asked to notice how they were feeling without trying to change it and maintain their emotional reaction (“Maintain”) or to interpret the image in such a way as minimize their emotional response (“Reduce”). Results Imaging analyses demonstrated that adolescents with depression showed: (1) greater right amygdala activation during the maintain condition relative to controls, (2) less connectivity during the maintain condition between the amygdala and both the insula and medial prefrontal cortex than controls, and (3) a significant positive correlation between amygdala-seeded connectivity during maintenance of emotion and psychosocial functioning. Limitations The current study is cross-sectional comparison and longitudinal investigations with larger sample sizes are needed to examine the association between amygdala reactivity and emotion regulation over time in adolescent MDD. Conclusions During the maintain condition, adolescents with depression showed a heightened amygdala response and less reciprocal activation in brain regions that may modulate the amygdala. A poorly modulated, overreactive amygdala may contribute to poor emotion regulation. PMID:22401827

Pacing and awareness: brain regulation of physical activity.

PubMed

Edwards, A M; Polman, R C J

2013-11-01

The aim of this current opinion article is to provide a contemporary perspective on the role of brain regulatory control of paced performances in response to exercise challenges. There has been considerable recent conjecture as to the role of the brain during exercise, and it is now broadly accepted that fatigue does not occur without brain involvement and that all voluntary activity is likely to be paced at some level by the brain according to individualised priorities and knowledge of personal capabilities. This article examines the role of pacing in managing and distributing effort to successfully accomplish physical tasks, while extending existing theories on the role of the brain as a central controller of performance. The opinion proposed in this article is that a central regulator operates to control exercise performance but achieves this without the requirement of an intelligent central governor located in the subconscious brain. It seems likely that brain regulation operates at different levels of awareness, such that minor homeostatic challenges are addressed automatically without conscious awareness, while larger metabolic disturbances attract conscious awareness and evoke a behavioural response. This supports the view that the brain regulates exercise performance but that the interpretation of the mechanisms underlying this effect have not yet been fully elucidated.

A propulsion and steering control system for the Mars rover

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Turner, J. M.

1980-01-01

The design of a propulsion and steering control system for the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute prototype autonomous Mars roving vehicle is presented. The vehicle is propelled and steered by four independent electric motors. The control system must regulate the speeds of the motors so they work in unison during turns and on irregular terrain. An analysis of the motor coordination problem on irregular terrain, where each motor must supply a different torque at a different speed is presented. A procedure was developed to match the output of each motor to the varying load. A design for the control system is given. The controller uses a microprocessor which interprets speed and steering commands from an off-board computer, and produces the appropriate drive voltages for the motors.

29 CFR 793.1 - Reliance upon interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STATEMENTS OF GENERAL... official interpretations which may be relied upon as provided in section 10 of the Portal-to-Portal Act of 1947. All prior opinions, rulings and interpretations which are inconsistent with the interpretations...

7 CFR 2901.4 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Interpretations. 2901.4 Section 2901.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) OFFICE OF ENERGY POLICY AND NEW USES, DEPARTMENT OF... interpretation. A copy of the written interpretation shall be provided to FERC and the Secretary of Energy...

7 CFR 2901.4 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interpretations. 2901.4 Section 2901.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) OFFICE OF ENERGY POLICY AND NEW USES, DEPARTMENT OF... interpretation. A copy of the written interpretation shall be provided to FERC and the Secretary of Energy...

7 CFR 2901.4 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Interpretations. 2901.4 Section 2901.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) OFFICE OF ENERGY POLICY AND NEW USES, DEPARTMENT OF... interpretation. A copy of the written interpretation shall be provided to FERC and the Secretary of Energy...

7 CFR 2901.4 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Interpretations. 2901.4 Section 2901.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) OFFICE OF ENERGY POLICY AND NEW USES, DEPARTMENT OF... interpretation. A copy of the written interpretation shall be provided to FERC and the Secretary of Energy...

7 CFR 2901.4 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Interpretations. 2901.4 Section 2901.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) OFFICE OF ENERGY POLICY AND NEW USES, DEPARTMENT OF... interpretation. A copy of the written interpretation shall be provided to FERC and the Secretary of Energy...

Gambling with Rose-Tinted Glasses on: Use of Emotion-Regulation Strategies Correlates with Dysfunctional Cognitions in Gambling Disorder Patients

PubMed Central

Navas, Juan F.; Verdejo-García, Antonio; LÓpez-GÓmez, Marta; Maldonado, Antonio; Perales, José C.

2016-01-01

Background and aims Existing research shows that gambling disorder patients (GDPs) process gambling outcomes abnormally when compared against healthy controls (HCs). These anomalies present the form of exaggerated or distorted beliefs regarding the expected utility of outcomes and one’s ability to predict or control gains and losses, as well as retrospective reinterpretations of what caused them. This study explores the possibility that the emotional regulation strategies GDPs use to cope with aversive events are linked to these cognitions. Methods 41 GDPs and 45 HCs, matched in sociodemographic variables, were assessed in gambling severity, emotion-regulation strategies (cognitive emotion-regulation questionnaire, CERQ), and gambling-related cognitions (gambling-related cognitions scale, GRCS). Results GDPs showed higher scores in all gambling-related cognition dimensions. Regarding emotion regulation, GDPs were observed to use self-blame and catastrophizing, but also positive refocusing, more often than controls. Additionally, in GDPs, putatively adaptive CERQ strategies shared a significant portion of variance with South Oaks gambling screen severity and GRCS beliefs. Shared variability was mostly attributable to the roles of refocusing on planning and putting into perspective at positively predicting severity and the interpretative bias (GDPs propensity to reframe losses in a more benign way), respectively. Discussion and conclusions Results show links between emotion-regulation strategies and problematic gambling-related behaviors and cognitions. The pattern of those links supports the idea that GDPs use emotion-regulation strategies, customarily regarded as adaptive, to cope with negative emotions, so that the motivational and cognitive processing of gambling outcomes becomes less effective in shaping gambling-related behavior. PMID:27363462

10 CFR 9.5 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Interpretations. 9.5 Section 9.5 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION PUBLIC RECORDS § 9.5 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in this part by an officer or employee of the...

10 CFR 9.5 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Interpretations. 9.5 Section 9.5 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION PUBLIC RECORDS § 9.5 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in this part by an officer or employee of the...

10 CFR 9.5 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Interpretations. 9.5 Section 9.5 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION PUBLIC RECORDS § 9.5 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in this part by an officer or employee of the...

10 CFR 7.3 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Interpretations. 7.3 Section 7.3 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION ADVISORY COMMITTEES § 7.3 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in this part by an NRC officer or employee...

10 CFR 7.3 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Interpretations. 7.3 Section 7.3 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION ADVISORY COMMITTEES § 7.3 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in this part by an NRC officer or employee...

10 CFR 7.3 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Interpretations. 7.3 Section 7.3 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION ADVISORY COMMITTEES § 7.3 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in this part by an NRC officer or employee...

10 CFR 7.3 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interpretations. 7.3 Section 7.3 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION ADVISORY COMMITTEES § 7.3 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in this part by an NRC officer or employee...

10 CFR 9.5 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interpretations. 9.5 Section 9.5 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION PUBLIC RECORDS § 9.5 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in this part by an officer or employee of the...

10 CFR 7.3 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Interpretations. 7.3 Section 7.3 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION ADVISORY COMMITTEES § 7.3 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in this part by an NRC officer or employee...

10 CFR 9.5 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Interpretations. 9.5 Section 9.5 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION PUBLIC RECORDS § 9.5 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in this part by an officer or employee of the...

Quantifying the entropic cost of cellular growth control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De Martino, Daniele; Capuani, Fabrizio; De Martino, Andrea

2017-07-01

Viewing the ways a living cell can organize its metabolism as the phase space of a physical system, regulation can be seen as the ability to reduce the entropy of that space by selecting specific cellular configurations that are, in some sense, optimal. Here we quantify the amount of regulation required to control a cell's growth rate by a maximum-entropy approach to the space of underlying metabolic phenotypes, where a configuration corresponds to a metabolic flux pattern as described by genome-scale models. We link the mean growth rate achieved by a population of cells to the minimal amount of metabolic regulation needed to achieve it through a phase diagram that highlights how growth suppression can be as costly (in regulatory terms) as growth enhancement. Moreover, we provide an interpretation of the inverse temperature β controlling maximum-entropy distributions based on the underlying growth dynamics. Specifically, we show that the asymptotic value of β for a cell population can be expected to depend on (i) the carrying capacity of the environment, (ii) the initial size of the colony, and (iii) the probability distribution from which the inoculum was sampled. Results obtained for E. coli and human cells are found to be remarkably consistent with empirical evidence.

76 FR 67104 - Child Labor Regulations, Orders and Statements of Interpretation; Child Labor Violations-Civil...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-31

... Regulations, Orders and Statements of Interpretation; Child Labor Violations--Civil Money Penalties AGENCY..., DC 20210; telephone: (202) 693-0072 (this is not a toll free number). Copies of this notice of...), upon request, by calling (202) 693-0023. TTY/TDD callers may dial toll-free (877) 889-5627 to obtain...

[Labeling of vitamin and mineral supplements: a revision of the federal normative regulations].

PubMed

de Carvalho, Patricia Borges; Araújo, Wilma Maria Coelho

2008-04-01

In Brazil, there is a steadily increasing offer and demand for products on the basis of vitamins and minerals. According to Brazilian law, the differences in the dosages offered to the consumer in each product are the parameter for its classification as alimentary supplement or medicament. The limit between these two concepts, however, is confusing and lacks clearness. Considering the risk posed by imprudent consumption of such products and seeking to facilitate the interpretation and consolidation of the norms dealing with vitamin and mineral products as well as to create the basis for a master's degree dissertation, a bibliographical survey and evaluation of the entire juridical basis regarding the labeling of these products was conducted. It was concluded that the normative regulations are extensive, complex and of difficult understanding, with a great number of norms dealing with the same subject issued by different authorities. These norms are not consolidated leading to difficult interpretation by retailers, health professionals and consumers and even to failures in the application of these norms by the control authorities. Suggestions are made for helping to correct the failures identified in the study.

12 CFR Appendix D to Part 202 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations D Appendix D... EQUAL CREDIT OPPORTUNITY ACT (REGULATION B) Pt. 202, App. D Appendix D to Part 202—Issuance of Staff Interpretations 1. Official Staff Interpretations. Officials in the Board's Division of Consumer and Community...

12 CFR Appendix D to Part 230 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations D Appendix D... RESERVE SYSTEM TRUTH IN SAVINGS (REGULATION DD) Pt. 230, App. D Appendix D to Part 230—Issuance of Staff... official staff interpretations of this part. These interpretations provide the protections afforded under...

12 CFR Appendix D to Part 202 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations D Appendix D... EQUAL CREDIT OPPORTUNITY ACT (REGULATION B) Pt. 202, App. D Appendix D to Part 202—Issuance of Staff Interpretations 1. Official Staff Interpretations. Officials in the Board's Division of Consumer and Community...

12 CFR Appendix D to Part 202 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations D Appendix D... EQUAL CREDIT OPPORTUNITY ACT (REGULATION B) Pt. 202, App. D Appendix D to Part 202—Issuance of Staff Interpretations 1. Official Staff Interpretations. Officials in the Board's Division of Consumer and Community...

12 CFR Appendix D to Part 202 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations D Appendix D... EQUAL CREDIT OPPORTUNITY ACT (REGULATION B) Pt. 202, App. D Appendix D to Part 202—Issuance of Staff Interpretations 1. Official Staff Interpretations. Officials in the Board's Division of Consumer and Community...

12 CFR Appendix D to Part 202 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations D Appendix D... EQUAL CREDIT OPPORTUNITY ACT (REGULATION B) Pt. 202, App. D Appendix D to Part 202—Issuance of Staff Interpretations 1. Official Staff Interpretations. Officials in the Board's Division of Consumer and Community...

12 CFR Appendix D to Part 230 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations D Appendix D... RESERVE SYSTEM TRUTH IN SAVINGS (REGULATION DD) Pt. 230, App. D Appendix D to Part 230—Issuance of Staff... official staff interpretations of this part. These interpretations provide the protections afforded under...

10 CFR 51.5 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Interpretations. 51.5 Section 51.5 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATIONS FOR DOMESTIC LICENSING AND RELATED REGULATORY FUNCTIONS § 51.5 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing...

10 CFR 51.5 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interpretations. 51.5 Section 51.5 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATIONS FOR DOMESTIC LICENSING AND RELATED REGULATORY FUNCTIONS § 51.5 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing...

16 CFR 14.16 - Interpretation of Truth-in-Lending Orders consistent with amendments to the Truth-in-Lending Act...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interpretation of Truth-in-Lending Orders consistent with amendments to the Truth-in-Lending Act and Regulation Z. 14.16 Section 14.16 Commercial...-Lending Orders consistent with amendments to the Truth-in-Lending Act and Regulation Z. Introduction The...

17 CFR 400.2 - Office responsible for regulations; filing of requests for exemptions, for interpretations and of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., exemption, or classification. A separate request for confidential treatment and the basis for such request... implementation of the regulations, including interpretations and action on requests for exemption, classification... classifications. Section 15C(a)(4) of the Act (15 U.S.C. 78o-5(a)(4)) authorizes the Secretary to exempt any...

17 CFR 400.2 - Office responsible for regulations; filing of requests for exemptions, for interpretations and of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., exemption, or classification. A separate request for confidential treatment and the basis for such request... implementation of the regulations, including interpretations and action on requests for exemption, classification... classifications. Section 15C(a)(4) of the Act (15 U.S.C. 78o-5(a)(4)) authorizes the Secretary to exempt any...

17 CFR 400.2 - Office responsible for regulations; filing of requests for exemptions, for interpretations and of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., exemption, or classification. A separate request for confidential treatment and the basis for such request... implementation of the regulations, including interpretations and action on requests for exemption, classification... classifications. Section 15C(a)(4) of the Act (15 U.S.C. 78o-5(a)(4)) authorizes the Secretary to exempt any...

17 CFR 400.2 - Office responsible for regulations; filing of requests for exemptions, for interpretations and of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., exemption, or classification. A separate request for confidential treatment and the basis for such request... implementation of the regulations, including interpretations and action on requests for exemption, classification... classifications. Section 15C(a)(4) of the Act (15 U.S.C. 78o-5(a)(4)) authorizes the Secretary to exempt any...

17 CFR 400.2 - Office responsible for regulations; filing of requests for exemptions, for interpretations and of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., exemption, or classification. A separate request for confidential treatment and the basis for such request... implementation of the regulations, including interpretations and action on requests for exemption, classification... classifications. Section 15C(a)(4) of the Act (15 U.S.C. 78o-5(a)(4)) authorizes the Secretary to exempt any...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 226 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations C Appendix C... RESERVE SYSTEM TRUTH IN LENDING (REGULATION Z) Pt. 226, App. C Appendix C to Part 226—Issuance of Staff Interpretations Official Staff Interpretations Officials in the Board's Division of Consumer and Community Affairs...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 226 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations C Appendix C... RESERVE SYSTEM TRUTH IN LENDING (REGULATION Z) Pt. 226, App. C Appendix C to Part 226—Issuance of Staff Interpretations Official Staff Interpretations Officials in the Board's Division of Consumer and Community Affairs...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 205 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations C Appendix C... ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) Pt. 205, App. C Appendix C to Part 205—Issuance of Staff Interpretations Official Staff Interpretations Pursuant to section 915(d) of the act, the Board has designated the...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 205 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations C Appendix C... ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) Pt. 205, App. C Appendix C to Part 205—Issuance of Staff Interpretations Official Staff Interpretations Pursuant to section 915(d) of the act, the Board has designated the...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 226 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations C Appendix C... RESERVE SYSTEM TRUTH IN LENDING (REGULATION Z) Pt. 226, App. C Appendix C to Part 226—Issuance of Staff Interpretations Official Staff Interpretations Officials in the Board's Division of Consumer and Community Affairs...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 205 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations C Appendix C... ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) Pt. 205, App. C Appendix C to Part 205—Issuance of Staff Interpretations Official Staff Interpretations Pursuant to section 915(d) of the act, the Board has designated the...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 205 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations C Appendix C... ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) Pt. 205, App. C Appendix C to Part 205—Issuance of Staff Interpretations Official Staff Interpretations Pursuant to section 915(d) of the act, the Board has designated the...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 205 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations C Appendix C... ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) Pt. 205, App. C Appendix C to Part 205—Issuance of Staff Interpretations Official Staff Interpretations Pursuant to section 915(d) of the act, the Board has designated the...

49 CFR 805.735-25 - Publication and interpretation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Publication and interpretation. 805.735-25 Section 805.735-25 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITIES AND CONDUCT § 805.735-25 Publication and interpretation. (a...

12 CFR 609.920 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... E-commerce as long as the safeguards of E-SIGN are met and its exceptions recognized. Generally, an... and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Interpretations and Definitions § 609.920 Interpretations. (a) E-SIGN preempts most statutes and regulations, including the Act...

12 CFR 609.920 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... E-commerce as long as the safeguards of E-SIGN are met and its exceptions recognized. Generally, an... and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Interpretations and Definitions § 609.920 Interpretations. (a) E-SIGN preempts most statutes and regulations, including the Act...

12 CFR 609.920 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... E-commerce as long as the safeguards of E-SIGN are met and its exceptions recognized. Generally, an... and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Interpretations and Definitions § 609.920 Interpretations. (a) E-SIGN preempts most statutes and regulations, including the Act...

12 CFR 609.920 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... E-commerce as long as the safeguards of E-SIGN are met and its exceptions recognized. Generally, an... and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Interpretations and Definitions § 609.920 Interpretations. (a) E-SIGN preempts most statutes and regulations, including the Act...

12 CFR 609.920 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... E-commerce as long as the safeguards of E-SIGN are met and its exceptions recognized. Generally, an... and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Interpretations and Definitions § 609.920 Interpretations. (a) E-SIGN preempts most statutes and regulations, including the Act...

Dynamic goal states: adjusting cognitive control without conflict monitoring.

PubMed

Scherbaum, Stefan; Dshemuchadse, Maja; Ruge, Hannes; Goschke, Thomas

2012-10-15

A central topic in the cognitive sciences is how cognitive control is adjusted flexibly to changing environmental demands at different time scales to produce goal-oriented behavior. According to an influential account, the context-sensitive recruitment of cognitive control is mediated by a specialized conflict monitoring process that registers current conflict and signals the demand for enhanced control in subsequent trials. This view has been immensely successful not least due to supporting evidence from neuroimaging studies suggesting that the conflict monitoring function is localized within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) which, in turn, signals the demand for enhanced control to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In this article, we propose an alternative model of the adaptive regulation of cognitive control based on multistable goal attractor network dynamics and adjustments of cognitive control within a conflict trial. Without incorporation of an explicit conflict monitoring module, the model mirrors behavior in conflict tasks accounting for effects of response congruency, sequential conflict adaptation, and proportion of incongruent trials. Importantly, the model also mirrors frequency tagged EEG data indicating continuous conflict adaptation and suggests a reinterpretation of the correlation between ACC and the PFC BOLD data reported in previous imaging studies. Together, our simulation data propose an alternative interpretation of both behavioral data as well as imaging data that have previously been interpreted in favor of a specialized conflict monitoring process in the ACC. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Circadian rhythms have significant effects on leaf-to-canopy scale gas exchange under field conditions.

PubMed

Resco de Dios, Víctor; Gessler, Arthur; Ferrio, Juan Pedro; Alday, Josu G; Bahn, Michael; Del Castillo, Jorge; Devidal, Sébastien; García-Muñoz, Sonia; Kayler, Zachary; Landais, Damien; Martín-Gómez, Paula; Milcu, Alexandru; Piel, Clément; Pirhofer-Walzl, Karin; Ravel, Olivier; Salekin, Serajis; Tissue, David T; Tjoelker, Mark G; Voltas, Jordi; Roy, Jacques

2016-10-20

Molecular clocks drive oscillations in leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and other cell and leaf-level processes over ~24 h under controlled laboratory conditions. The influence of such circadian regulation over whole-canopy fluxes remains uncertain; diurnal CO 2 and H 2 O vapor flux dynamics in the field are currently interpreted as resulting almost exclusively from direct physiological responses to variations in light, temperature and other environmental factors. We tested whether circadian regulation would affect plant and canopy gas exchange at the Montpellier European Ecotron. Canopy and leaf-level fluxes were constantly monitored under field-like environmental conditions, and under constant environmental conditions (no variation in temperature, radiation, or other environmental cues). We show direct experimental evidence at canopy scales of the circadian regulation of daytime gas exchange: 20-79 % of the daily variation range in CO 2 and H 2 O fluxes occurred under circadian entrainment in canopies of an annual herb (bean) and of a perennial shrub (cotton). We also observed that considering circadian regulation improved performance by 8-17 % in commonly used stomatal conductance models. Our results show that circadian controls affect diurnal CO 2 and H 2 O flux patterns in entire canopies in field-like conditions, and its consideration significantly improves model performance. Circadian controls act as a 'memory' of the past conditions experienced by the plant, which synchronizes metabolism across entire plant canopies.

32 CFR 1702.5 - Interpretation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Interpretation. 1702.5 Section 1702.5 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE PROCEDURES GOVERNING THE ACCEPTANCE OF SERVICE OF PROCESS § 1702.5 Interpretation. Any questions concerning...

32 CFR 1702.5 - Interpretation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Interpretation. 1702.5 Section 1702.5 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE PROCEDURES GOVERNING THE ACCEPTANCE OF SERVICE OF PROCESS § 1702.5 Interpretation. Any questions concerning...

32 CFR 1702.5 - Interpretation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Interpretation. 1702.5 Section 1702.5 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE PROCEDURES GOVERNING THE ACCEPTANCE OF SERVICE OF PROCESS § 1702.5 Interpretation. Any questions concerning...

32 CFR 1702.5 - Interpretation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Interpretation. 1702.5 Section 1702.5 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE PROCEDURES GOVERNING THE ACCEPTANCE OF SERVICE OF PROCESS § 1702.5 Interpretation. Any questions concerning...

32 CFR 1702.5 - Interpretation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Interpretation. 1702.5 Section 1702.5 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE PROCEDURES GOVERNING THE ACCEPTANCE OF SERVICE OF PROCESS § 1702.5 Interpretation. Any questions concerning...

10 CFR 19.4 - Interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... REGULATORY COMMISSION NOTICES, INSTRUCTIONS AND REPORTS TO WORKERS: INSPECTION AND INVESTIGATIONS § 19.4 Interpretations. Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in this part by any officer or employee of the Commission other than a written...

Operational calm and the optimum regulation of human working capacity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ilin, Y. P.

1975-01-01

Muscle hardness measurements in a squeezing dynamometer test are interpreted for expressions of adjustment effects of the central nervous system in rapid response to a starting signal. It is shown that preliminary muscle tension leads to the transmission of inhibiting proprioceptive impulses to the nervous system centers and that the degree of pre-working changes depends on the individual's typological personality characteristics. Concentration of attention during the pre-working adjustment is considered the primary emotional factor that controls sensorimotor performance.

Considerations for the use of human participants in vector biology research: a tool for investigators and regulators.

PubMed

Achee, Nicole L; Youngblood, Laura; Bangs, Michael J; Lavery, James V; James, Stephanie

2015-02-01

A thorough search of the existing literature has revealed that there are currently no published recommendations or guidelines for the interpretation of US regulations on the use of human participants in vector biology research (VBR). An informal survey of vector biologists has indicated that issues related to human participation in vector research have been largely debated by academic, national, and local Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) in the countries where the research is being conducted, and that interpretations and subsequent requirements made by these IRBs have varied widely. This document is intended to provide investigators and corresponding scientific and ethical review committee members an introduction to VBR methods involving human participation and the legal and ethical framework in which such studies are conducted with a focus on US Federal Regulations. It is also intended to provide a common perspective for guiding researchers, IRB members, and other interested parties (i.e., public health officials conducting routine entomological surveillance) in the interpretation of human subjects regulations pertaining to VBR.

29 CFR 1915.1002 - Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. 1915.1002 Section 1915.1002 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH... Toxic and Hazardous Substances § 1915.1002 Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. Note: The...

29 CFR 1915.1002 - Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. 1915.1002 Section 1915.1002 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH... Toxic and Hazardous Substances § 1915.1002 Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. Note: The...

29 CFR 1926.1102 - Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. 1926.1102 Section 1926.1102 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH... Hazardous Substances § 1926.1102 Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. Note: The requirements...

29 CFR 1926.1102 - Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. 1926.1102 Section 1926.1102 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH... Hazardous Substances § 1926.1102 Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. Note: The requirements...

29 CFR 1926.1102 - Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. 1926.1102 Section 1926.1102 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH... Hazardous Substances § 1926.1102 Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. Note: The requirements...

29 CFR 1926.1102 - Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. 1926.1102 Section 1926.1102 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH... Hazardous Substances § 1926.1102 Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. Note: The requirements...

29 CFR 1915.1002 - Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. 1915.1002 Section 1915.1002 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH... Toxic and Hazardous Substances § 1915.1002 Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. Note: The...

29 CFR 1915.1002 - Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. 1915.1002 Section 1915.1002 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH... Toxic and Hazardous Substances § 1915.1002 Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. Note: The...

29 CFR 1915.1002 - Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. 1915.1002 Section 1915.1002 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH... Toxic and Hazardous Substances § 1915.1002 Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. Note: The...

29 CFR 1202.2 - Interpretation of mediation agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Interpretation of mediation agreements. 1202.2 Section 1202.2 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) NATIONAL MEDIATION BOARD RULES OF PROCEDURE § 1202.2 Interpretation of mediation agreements. Under section 5, Second, of title I of the Railway Labor...

29 CFR 1203.3 - Interpretation of mediation agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Interpretation of mediation agreements. 1203.3 Section 1203.3 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) NATIONAL MEDIATION BOARD APPLICATIONS FOR SERVICE § 1203.3 Interpretation of mediation agreements. (a) Applications may be filed with the Board's Chief of...

Tug of war: adding and removing histone lysine methylation in Arabidopsis.

PubMed

Xiao, Jun; Lee, Un-Sa; Wagner, Doris

2016-12-01

Histone lysine methylation plays a fundamental role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in multicellular eukaryotes, including plants. It shapes plant developmental and growth programs as well as responses to the environment. The methylation status of certain amino-acids, in particular of the histone 3 (H3) lysine tails, is dynamically controlled by opposite acting histone methyltransferase 'writers' and histone demethylase 'erasers'. The methylation status is interpreted by a third set of proteins, the histone modification 'readers', which specifically bind to a methylated amino-acid on the H3 tail. Histone methylation writers, readers, and erasers themselves are regulated by intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli; this forms a feedback loop that contributes to development and environmental adaptation in Arabidopsis and other plants. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge regarding the biological roles and dynamic regulation of histone methylation. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in understanding the regulation and roles of histone methylation in plants and animals. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

29 CFR 785.46 - Applicable regulations governing keeping of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY OR INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS HOURS WORKED Recording Working Time § 785.46 Applicable regulations governing keeping of records. Section 11(c) of the Act...

Clarification of radiation-control regulations for diagnostic x-ray equipment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

The Office of Compliance and Surveillance of the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) has received many requests for interpretation of the Federal regulations that relate to diagnostic x-ray equipment. Responses to these requests were originally issued as FDA Compliance Policy Guides, industry-wide letters, and letters to individuals. The document is a compilation of those responses that remain applicable. Guides or opinions that have been withdrawn or are now obsolete because they have been incorporated into the regulations are not included. The document consists of two sections: the General section, which contains information of a general nature; and themore » Specific section, which contains information specific to particular sections of the Federal Performance Standard for Diagnostic X-ray Equipment (21 CFR 1020.30-32). When the term 'Revised Language' appears in an item heading, it indicates English grammar correction; the term 'Revised' indicates an updated version of the original clarification.« less

Emotional sensitivity, emotion regulation and impulsivity in borderline personality disorder: a critical review of fMRI studies.

PubMed

van Zutphen, Linda; Siep, Nicolette; Jacob, Gitta A; Goebel, Rainer; Arntz, Arnoud

2015-04-01

Emotional sensitivity, emotion regulation and impulsivity are fundamental topics in research of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Studies using fMRI examining the neural correlates concerning these topics is growing and has just begun understanding the underlying neural correlates in BPD. However, there are strong similarities but also important differences in results of different studies. It is therefore important to know in more detail what these differences are and how we should interpret these. In present review a critical light is shed on the fMRI studies examining emotional sensitivity, emotion regulation and impulsivity in BPD patients. First an outline of the methodology and the results of the studies will be given. Thereafter important issues that remained unanswered and topics to improve future research are discussed. Future research should take into account the limited power of previous studies and focus more on BPD specificity with regard to time course responses, different regulation strategies, manipulation of self-regulation, medication use, a wider range of stimuli, gender effects and the inclusion of a clinical control group. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Policy & Guidance

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Policy documents represent EPA's official interpretation or view of specific issues. Guidance documents are published to further clarify regulations and to assist in implementation of environmental regulations.

Bang-bang Model for Regulation of Local Blood Flow

PubMed Central

Golub, Aleksander S.; Pittman, Roland N.

2013-01-01

The classical model of metabolic regulation of blood flow in muscle tissue implies the maintenance of basal tone in arterioles of resting muscle and their dilation in response to exercise and/or tissue hypoxia via the evoked production of vasodilator metabolites by myocytes. A century-long effort to identify specific metabolites responsible for explaining active and reactive hyperemia has not been successful. Furthermore, the metabolic theory is not compatible with new knowledge on the role of physiological radicals (e.g., nitric oxide, NO, and superoxide anion, O2−) in the regulation of microvascular tone. We propose a model of regulation in which muscle contraction and active hyperemia are considered the physiologically normal state. We employ the “bang-bang” or “on/off” regulatory model which makes use of a threshold and hysteresis; a float valve to control the water level in a tank is a common example of this type of regulation. Active bang-bang regulation comes into effect when the supply of oxygen and glucose exceeds the demand, leading to activation of membrane NADPH oxidase, release of O2− into the interstitial space and subsequent neutralization of the interstitial NO. Switching arterioles on/off when local blood flow crosses the threshold is realized by a local cell circuit with the properties of a bang-bang controller, determined by its threshold, hysteresis and dead-band. This model provides a clear and unambiguous interpretation of the mechanism to balance tissue demand with a sufficient supply of nutrients and oxygen. PMID:23441827

77 FR 69738 - Truth in Lending (Regulation Z)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-21

... Lending (Regulation Z) AGENCY: Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection. ACTION: Final rule; official... the official interpretations for Regulation Z (Truth in Lending). The Bureau is required to adjust... Regulations, at (202) 435-7700. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background The Truth in Lending Act (TILA; 15 U...

29 CFR 2509.75-10 - Interpretive bulletin relating to the ERISA Guidelines and the Special Reliance Procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Interpretive bulletin relating to the ERISA Guidelines and the Special Reliance Procedure. 2509.75-10 Section 2509.75-10 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR GENERAL INTERPRETIVE BULLETINS...

29 CFR 2509.75-9 - Interpretive bulletin relating to guidelines on independence of accountant retained by Employee...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... independence of accountant retained by Employee Benefit Plan. 2509.75-9 Section 2509.75-9 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR GENERAL INTERPRETIVE BULLETINS RELATING TO THE EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT INCOME SECURITY ACT OF 1974 § 2509.75-9 Interpretive...

29 CFR 2509.75-9 - Interpretive bulletin relating to guidelines on independence of accountant retained by Employee...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... independence of accountant retained by Employee Benefit Plan. 2509.75-9 Section 2509.75-9 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR GENERAL INTERPRETIVE BULLETINS RELATING TO THE EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT INCOME SECURITY ACT OF 1974 § 2509.75-9 Interpretive...

12 CFR Supplement I to Part 226 - Official Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Official Staff Interpretations I Supplement I to Part 226 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM TRUTH IN LENDING (REGULATION Z) Supplement I to Part 226—Official Staff Interpretations...

22 CFR 92.70 - Special fees for depositions in connection with foreign documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... and 3496, and E.O. 10307, 3 CFR, 1949-1953 Comp.). (c) Fees payable to interpreters and translators. Each interpreter and translator employed by the commissioner under these regulations shall receive an... interpreters and translators shall be chargeable to the United States. (d) Time for paying fees. Witnesses...

Implicit interpretation biases affect emotional vulnerability: a training study.

PubMed

Tran, Tanya B; Siemer, Matthias; Joormann, Jutta

2011-04-01

Cognitive theories of emotion propose that the interpretation of emotion-eliciting situations crucially shapes affective responses. Implicit or automatic biases in these interpretations may hinder emotion regulation and thereby increase risk for the onset and maintenance of psychological disorders. In this study, participants were randomly assigned to a positive or negative interpretation bias training using ambiguous social scenarios. After the completion of the training, a stress task was administered and changes in positive and negative affect and self-esteem were assessed. The results demonstrate that the interpretation bias training was successful in that participants exhibited a tendency to interpret novel scenarios in accordance with their training condition. Importantly, the positive training condition also had a protective effect on self-esteem. Participants in this condition did not exhibit a decrease in self-esteem after the stress task, whereas participants in the negative condition did. These results demonstrate that implicit cognitive biases can be trained and that this training affects self-esteem. Implications of these findings for research on psychopathology and emotion regulation are discussed. © 2011 Psychology Press, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business

29 CFR 570.110 - “In or about”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION General Statements of Interpretation of the Child Labor... purpose of picking up or delivering a message or other small article. (b) If, in the light of the...

29 CFR 570.110 - “In or about”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION General Statements of Interpretation of the Child Labor... purpose of picking up or delivering a message or other small article. (b) If, in the light of the...

Interpretation on Recycling Plastics from Shredder Residue

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is considering an interpretation of its regulations that would generally allow for recycling of plastic separated from shredder residue under the conditions described in the Voluntary Procedures for Recycling Plastics from Shredder Residue.

Circadian rhythms have significant effects on leaf-to-canopy scale gas exchange under field conditions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Resco de Dios, Víctor; Gessler, Arthur; Ferrio, Juan Pedro

Background Molecular clocks drive oscillations in leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and other cell and leaf-level processes over ~24 h under controlled laboratory conditions. The influence of such circadian regulation over whole-canopy fluxes remains uncertain; diurnal CO 2 and H 2O vapor flux dynamics in the field are currently interpreted as resulting almost exclusively from direct physiological responses to variations in light, temperature and other environmental factors. We tested whether circadian regulation would affect plant and canopy gas exchange at the Montpellier European Ecotron. Canopy and leaf-level fluxes were constantly monitored under field-like environmental conditions, and under constant environmental conditions (nomore » variation in temperature, radiation, or other environmental cues). Results We show direct experimental evidence at canopy scales of the circadian regulation of daytime gas exchange: 20–79 % of the daily variation range in CO 2 and H 2O fluxes occurred under circadian entrainment in canopies of an annual herb (bean) and of a perennial shrub (cotton). We also observed that considering circadian regulation improved performance by 8–17 % in commonly used stomatal conductance models. Conclusions Our results show that circadian controls affect diurnal CO 2 and H 2O flux patterns in entire canopies in field-like conditions, and its consideration significantly improves model performance. Lastly, circadian controls act as a ‘memory’ of the past conditions experienced by the plant, which synchronizes metabolism across entire plant canopies.« less

Circadian rhythms have significant effects on leaf-to-canopy scale gas exchange under field conditions

DOE PAGES

Resco de Dios, Víctor; Gessler, Arthur; Ferrio, Juan Pedro; ...

2016-10-20

Background Molecular clocks drive oscillations in leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and other cell and leaf-level processes over ~24 h under controlled laboratory conditions. The influence of such circadian regulation over whole-canopy fluxes remains uncertain; diurnal CO 2 and H 2O vapor flux dynamics in the field are currently interpreted as resulting almost exclusively from direct physiological responses to variations in light, temperature and other environmental factors. We tested whether circadian regulation would affect plant and canopy gas exchange at the Montpellier European Ecotron. Canopy and leaf-level fluxes were constantly monitored under field-like environmental conditions, and under constant environmental conditions (nomore » variation in temperature, radiation, or other environmental cues). Results We show direct experimental evidence at canopy scales of the circadian regulation of daytime gas exchange: 20–79 % of the daily variation range in CO 2 and H 2O fluxes occurred under circadian entrainment in canopies of an annual herb (bean) and of a perennial shrub (cotton). We also observed that considering circadian regulation improved performance by 8–17 % in commonly used stomatal conductance models. Conclusions Our results show that circadian controls affect diurnal CO 2 and H 2O flux patterns in entire canopies in field-like conditions, and its consideration significantly improves model performance. Lastly, circadian controls act as a ‘memory’ of the past conditions experienced by the plant, which synchronizes metabolism across entire plant canopies.« less

Lower Placebo Responses After Long-Term Exposure to Fibromyalgia Pain.

PubMed

Kosek, Eva; Rosen, Annelie; Carville, Serena; Choy, Ernest; Gracely, Richard H; Marcus, Hanke; Petzke, Frank; Ingvar, Martin; Jensen, Karin B

2017-07-01

Knowledge about placebo mechanisms in patients with chronic pain is scarce. Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is associated with dysfunctions of central pain inhibition, and because placebo analgesia entails activation of endogenous pain inhibition, we hypothesized that long-term exposure to FM pain would negatively affect placebo responses. In our study we examined the placebo group (n = 37, mean age 45 years) from a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects of milnacipran or placebo. Twenty-two patients were classified as placebo nonresponders and 15 as responders, according to the Patient Global Impression of Change scale. Primary outcome was the change in pressure pain sensitivity from baseline to post-treatment. Secondary outcomes included ratings of clinical pain (visual analog scale), FM effect (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire), and pain drawing. Among placebo responders, longer FM duration was associated with smaller reductions in pressure pain sensitivity (r = .689, P = .004), but not among nonresponders (r = -.348, P = .112). In our study we showed that FM duration influences endogenous pain regulation, because pain levels and placebo-induced analgesia were negatively affected. Our results point to the importance of early FM interventions, because endogenous pain regulation may still be harnessed at that early time. Also, placebo-controlled trials should take FM duration into consideration when interpreting results. This study presents a novel perspective on placebo analgesia, because placebo responses among patients with chronic pain were analyzed. Long-term exposure to fibromyalgia pain was associated with lower placebo analgesia, and the results show the importance of taking pain duration into account when interpreting the results from placebo-controlled trials. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Interpretation of the FGF8 morphogen gradient is regulated by endocytic trafficking.

PubMed

Nowak, Matthias; Machate, Anja; Yu, Shuizi Rachel; Gupta, Mansi; Brand, Michael

2011-02-01

Forty years ago, it was proposed that during embryonic development and organogenesis, morphogen gradients provide positional information to the individual cells within a tissue leading to specific fate decisions. Recently, much insight has been gained into how such morphogen gradients are formed and maintained; however, which cellular mechanisms govern their interpretation within target tissues remains debated. Here we used in vivo fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and automated image analysis to assess the role of endocytic sorting dynamics on fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8) morphogen gradient interpretation. By interfering with the function of the ubiquitin ligase Cbl, we found an expanded range of Fgf target gene expression and a delay of Fgf8 lysosomal transport. However, the extracellular Fgf8 morphogen gradient remained unchanged, indicating that the observed signalling changes are due to altered gradient interpretation. We propose that regulation of morphogen signalling activity through endocytic sorting allows fast feedback-induced changes in gradient interpretation during the establishment of complex patterns.

Annual Research Review: Reaction time variability in ADHD and autism spectrum disorders: measurement and mechanisms of a proposed trans-diagnostic phenotype

PubMed Central

Karalunas, Sarah L.; Geurts, Hilde M.; Konrad, Kerstin; Bender, Stephan; Nigg, Joel T.

2014-01-01

Background Intraindividual variability in reaction time (RT) has received extensive discussion as an indicator of cognitive performance, a putative intermediate phenotype of many clinical disorders, and a possible trans-diagnostic phenotype that may elucidate shared risk factors for mechanisms of psychiatric illnesses. Scope and Methodology Using the examples of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), we discuss RT variability. We first present a new meta-analysis of RT variability in ASD with and without comorbid ADHD. We then discuss potential mechanisms that may account for RT variability and statistical models that disentangle the cognitive processes affecting RTs. We then report a second meta-analysis comparing ADHD and non-ADHD children on diffusion model parameters. We consider how findings inform the search for neural correlates of RT variability. Findings Results suggest that RT variability is increased in ASD only when children with comorbid ADHD are included in the sample. Furthermore, RT variability in ADHD is explained by moderate to large increases (d = 0.63–0.99) in the ex-Gaussian parameter τ and the diffusion parameter drift rate, as well as by smaller differences (d = 0.32) in the diffusion parameter of nondecision time. The former may suggest problems in state regulation or arousal and difficulty detecting signal from noise, whereas the latter may reflect contributions from deficits in motor organization or output. The neuroimaging literature converges with this multicomponent interpretation and also highlights the role of top-down control circuits. Conclusion We underscore the importance of considering the interactions between top-down control, state regulation (e.g. arousal), and motor preparation when interpreting RT variability and conclude that decomposition of the RT signal provides superior interpretive power and suggests mechanisms convergent with those implicated using other cognitive paradigms. We conclude with specific recommendations for the field for next steps in the study of RT variability in neurodevelopmental disorders. PMID:24628425

Radiological control manual. Revision 1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kloepping, R.

1996-05-01

This Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Radiological Control Manual (LBNL RCM) has been prepared to provide guidance for site-specific additions, supplements and interpretation of the DOE Radiological Control Manual. The guidance provided in this manual is one methodology to implement the requirements given in Title 10 Code of Federal Regulations Part 835 (10 CFR 835) and the DOE Radiological Control Manual. Information given in this manual is also intended to provide demonstration of compliance to specific requirements in 10 CFR 835. The LBNL RCM (Publication 3113) and LBNL Health and Safety Manual Publication-3000 form the technical basis for the LBNL RPPmore » and will be revised as necessary to ensure that current requirements from Rules and Orders are represented. The LBNL RCM will form the standard for excellence in the implementation of the LBNL RPP.« less

Considerations for the Use of Human Participants in Vector Biology Research: A Tool for Investigators and Regulators

PubMed Central

Youngblood, Laura; Bangs, Michael J.; Lavery, James V.; James, Stephanie

2015-01-01

Abstract A thorough search of the existing literature has revealed that there are currently no published recommendations or guidelines for the interpretation of US regulations on the use of human participants in vector biology research (VBR). An informal survey of vector biologists has indicated that issues related to human participation in vector research have been largely debated by academic, national, and local Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) in the countries where the research is being conducted, and that interpretations and subsequent requirements made by these IRBs have varied widely. This document is intended to provide investigators and corresponding scientific and ethical review committee members an introduction to VBR methods involving human participation and the legal and ethical framework in which such studies are conducted with a focus on US Federal Regulations. It is also intended to provide a common perspective for guiding researchers, IRB members, and other interested parties (i.e., public health officials conducting routine entomological surveillance) in the interpretation of human subjects regulations pertaining to VBR. PMID:25700039

Development of a low risk augmentation system for an energy efficient transport having relaxed static stability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sizlo, T. R.; Berg, R. A.; Gilles, D. L.

1979-01-01

An augmentation system for a 230 passenger, twin engine aircraft designed with a relaxation of conventional longitudinal static stability was developed. The design criteria are established and candidate augmentation system control laws and hardware architectures are formulated and evaluated with respect to reliability, flying qualities, and flight path tracking performance. The selected systems are shown to satisfy the interpreted regulatory safety and reliability requirements while maintaining the present DC 10 (study baseline) level of maintainability and reliability for the total flight control system. The impact of certification of the relaxed static stability augmentation concept is also estimated with regard to affected federal regulations, system validation plan, and typical development/installation costs.

Emotion control in collaborative learning situations: do students regulate emotions evoked by social challenges?

PubMed

Järvenoja, Hanna; Järvelä, Sanna

2009-09-01

During recent decades, self-regulated learning (SRL) has become a major research field. SRL successfully integrates the cognitive and motivational components of learning. Self-regulation is usually seen as an individual process, with the social aspects of regulation conceptualized as one aspect of the context. However, recent research has begun to investigate whether self-regulation processes are complemented by socially shared regulation processes. The presented study investigated what kind of socio-emotional challenges students experience during collaborative learning and whether the students regulate the emotions evoked during these situations. The interplay of the emotion regulation processes between the individual and the group was also studied. The sample for this study was 63 teacher education students who studied in groups of three to five during three collaborative learning tasks. Students' interpretations of experienced social challenges and their attempts to regulate emotions evoked by these challenges were collected following each task using the Adaptive Instrument for the Regulation of Emotions. The results indicated that students experienced a variety of social challenges. Students also reported the use of shared regulation in addition to self-regulation. Finally, the results suggested that intrinsic group dynamics are derived from both individual and social elements of collaborative situations. The findings of the study support the assumption that students can regulate emotions collaboratively as well as individually. The study contributes to our understanding of the social aspects of emotional regulation in collaborative learning contexts.

Students' Task Interpretation and Conceptual Understanding in an Electronics Laboratory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rivera-Reyes, Presentacion; Lawanto, Oenardi; Pate, Michael L.

2017-01-01

Task interpretation is a critical first step for students in the process of self-regulated learning, and a key determinant when they set goals in their learning and select strategies in assigned work. This paper focuses on the explicit and implicit aspects of task interpretation based on Hadwin's model. Laboratory activities improve students'…

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 213 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations C Appendix C... CONSUMER LEASING (REGULATION M) Pt. 213, App. C Appendix C to Part 213—Issuance of Staff Interpretations Officials in the Board's Division of Consumer and Community Affairs are authorized to issue official staff...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 213 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations C Appendix C... CONSUMER LEASING (REGULATION M) Pt. 213, App. C Appendix C to Part 213—Issuance of Staff Interpretations Officials in the Board's Division of Consumer and Community Affairs are authorized to issue official staff...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 213 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations C Appendix C... CONSUMER LEASING (REGULATION M) Pt. 213, App. C Appendix C to Part 213—Issuance of Staff Interpretations Officials in the Board's Division of Consumer and Community Affairs are authorized to issue official staff...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 213 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations C Appendix C... CONSUMER LEASING (REGULATION M) Pt. 213, App. C Appendix C to Part 213—Issuance of Staff Interpretations Officials in the Board's Division of Consumer and Community Affairs are authorized to issue official staff...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 213 - Issuance of Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Issuance of Staff Interpretations C Appendix C... CONSUMER LEASING (REGULATION M) Pt. 213, App. C Appendix C to Part 213—Issuance of Staff Interpretations Officials in the Board's Division of Consumer and Community Affairs are authorized to issue official staff...

THE ETHICS OF SHAM SURGERY IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE: BACK TO THE FUTURE?

PubMed Central

Swift, Teresa; Huxtable, Richard

2013-01-01

Despite intense academic debate in the recent past over the use of ‘sham surgery’ control groups in research, there has been a recent resurgence in their use in the field of neurodegenerative disease. Yet the primacy of ethical arguments in favour of sham surgery controls is not yet established. Preliminary empirical research shows an asymmetry between the views of neurosurgical researchers and patients on the subject, while different ethical guidelines and regulations support conflicting interpretations. Research ethics committees faced with a proposal involving sham surgery should be aware of its ethical complexities. An overview of recent and current placebo-controlled surgical trials in the field of Parkinson's Disease is provided here, followed by an analysis of the key ethical issues which such trials raise. PMID:22150772

The Ubiquitin–Proteasome System of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

PubMed Central

Finley, Daniel; Ulrich, Helle D.; Sommer, Thomas; Kaiser, Peter

2012-01-01

Protein modifications provide cells with exquisite temporal and spatial control of protein function. Ubiquitin is among the most important modifiers, serving both to target hundreds of proteins for rapid degradation by the proteasome, and as a dynamic signaling agent that regulates the function of covalently bound proteins. The diverse effects of ubiquitylation reflect the assembly of structurally distinct ubiquitin chains on target proteins. The resulting ubiquitin code is interpreted by an extensive family of ubiquitin receptors. Here we review the components of this regulatory network and its effects throughout the cell. PMID:23028185

Inhibition of root elongation in microgravity by an applied electric field

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wolverton, C.; Mullen, J. L.; Aizawa, S.; Yoshizaki, I.; Kamigaichi, S.; Mukai, C.; Shimazu, T.; Fukui, K.; Evans, M. L.; Ishikawa, H.

1999-01-01

Roots grown in an applied electric field demonstrate a bidirectional curvature. To further understand the nature of this response and its implications for the regulation of differential growth, we applied an electric field to roots growing in microgravity. We found that growth rates of roots in microgravity were higher than growth rates of ground controls. Immediately upon application of the electric field, root elongation was inhibited. We interpret this result as an indication that, in the absence of a gravity stimulus, the sensitivity of the root to an applied electric stimulus is increased. Further space experiments are required to determine the extent to which this sensitivity is shifted. The implications of this result are discussed in relation to gravitropic signaling and the regulation of differential cell elongation in the root.

Attention, interpretation, and memory biases in subclinical depression: a proof-of-principle test of the combined cognitive biases hypothesis.

PubMed

Everaert, Jonas; Duyck, Wouter; Koster, Ernst H W

2014-04-01

Emotional biases in attention, interpretation, and memory are viewed as important cognitive processes underlying symptoms of depression. To date, there is a limited understanding of the interplay among these processing biases. This study tested the dependence of memory on depression-related biases in attention and interpretation. Subclinically depressed and nondepressed participants completed a computerized version of the scrambled sentences test (measuring interpretation bias) while their eye movements were recorded (measuring attention bias). This task was followed by an incidental free recall test of previously constructed interpretations (measuring memory bias). Path analysis revealed a good fit for the model in which selective orienting of attention was associated with interpretation bias, which in turn was associated with a congruent bias in memory. Also, a good fit was observed for a path model in which biases in the maintenance of attention and interpretation were associated with memory bias. Both path models attained a superior fit compared with path models without the theorized functional relations among processing biases. These findings enhance understanding of how mechanisms of attention and interpretation regulate what is remembered. As such, they offer support for the combined cognitive biases hypothesis or the notion that emotionally biased cognitive processes are not isolated mechanisms but instead influence each other. Implications for theoretical models and emotion regulation across the spectrum of depressive symptoms are discussed.

Multiple Aspects of Self-Regulation Uniquely Predict Mathematics but Not Letter–Word Knowledge in the Early Elementary Grades

PubMed Central

Blair, Clancy; Ursache, Alexandra; Greenberg, Mark; Vernon-Feagans, Lynne

2017-01-01

The relation of self-regulation measured prior to school entry to developing math and reading ability in prekindergarten through the second grade was examined in a prospective longitudinal sample of 1,292 children and families in predominantly rural and low-income communities in 2 regions of high poverty in the United States. Direct assessments of executive function, effortful control, and stress response physiology (indexed by resting levels of cortisol and alpha amylase obtained from saliva) were measured at child age 48 months and parents and teachers reported on children’s effortful control using temperament rating scales at child age approximately 60 months. Math and reading ability, as measured by the Woodcock-Johnson III applied problems and letter–word subtests, respectively, were measured at prekindergarten through the second grade. Effects for self-regulation measures were seen primarily for initial level and to some extent growth in both mathematics and reading, even when controlling for family demographic characteristics that represent relevant selection factors into higher levels of both self-regulation and academic achievement. These effects persisted for mathematics but not for reading with the inclusion of child cognitive abilities, vocabulary, and speed of processing measured in prekindergarten, concurrent with the first time point for the academic measures. Results are interpreted as indicating a role for self-regulation in learning ability generally, likely through support for attention and reasoning abilities that are most specific to the assessment of mathematics in this analysis. Implications for instruction and for assessment and the best ways to support the development of early math and reading ability for children at risk for school failure are discussed. PMID:25688999

Multiple aspects of self-regulation uniquely predict mathematics but not letter-word knowledge in the early elementary grades.

PubMed

Blair, Clancy; Ursache, Alexandra; Greenberg, Mark; Vernon-Feagans, Lynne

2015-04-01

The relation of self-regulation measured prior to school entry to developing math and reading ability in prekindergarten through the second grade was examined in a prospective longitudinal sample of 1,292 children and families in predominantly rural and low-income communities in 2 regions of high poverty in the United States. Direct assessments of executive function, effortful control, and stress response physiology (indexed by resting levels of cortisol and alpha amylase obtained from saliva) were measured at child age 48 months and parents and teachers reported on children's effortful control using temperament rating scales at child age approximately 60 months. Math and reading ability, as measured by the Woodcock-Johnson III applied problems and letter-word subtests, respectively, were measured at prekindergarten through the second grade. Effects for self-regulation measures were seen primarily for initial level and to some extent growth in both mathematics and reading, even when controlling for family demographic characteristics that represent relevant selection factors into higher levels of both self-regulation and academic achievement. These effects persisted for mathematics but not for reading with the inclusion of child cognitive abilities, vocabulary, and speed of processing measured in prekindergarten, concurrent with the first time point for the academic measures. Results are interpreted as indicating a role for self-regulation in learning ability generally, likely through support for attention and reasoning abilities that are most specific to the assessment of mathematics in this analysis. Implications for instruction and for assessment and the best ways to support the development of early math and reading ability for children at risk for school failure are discussed. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

12 CFR Supplement I to Part 1005 - Official Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 8 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Official Interpretations I Supplement I to Part 1005 Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) Pt. 1005, Supp. I Supplement I to Part 1005—Official Interpretations Section 1005.2Definitions 2(a) Access Device 1. Examples. The term “access...

48 CFR 9904.409-61 - Interpretation. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...] 9904.409-61 Section 9904.409-61 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.409-61 Interpretation. [Reserved] ...

48 CFR 9904.407-61 - Interpretation. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...] 9904.407-61 Section 9904.407-61 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.407-61 Interpretation. [Reserved] ...

48 CFR 9904.405-61 - Interpretation. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...] 9904.405-61 Section 9904.405-61 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.405-61 Interpretation. [Reserved] ...

48 CFR 9904.402-61 - Interpretation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...-61 Section 9904.402-61 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.402-61 Interpretation. (a) 9904.402, Cost Accounting...

48 CFR 9904.410-61 - Interpretation. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...] 9904.410-61 Section 9904.410-61 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.410-61 Interpretation. [Reserved] ...

48 CFR 9904.404-61 - Interpretation. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...] 9904.404-61 Section 9904.404-61 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.404-61 Interpretation. [Reserved] ...

48 CFR 9904.408-61 - Interpretation. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...] 9904.408-61 Section 9904.408-61 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.408-61 Interpretation. [Reserved] ...

Application of Demand-Control Theory to Sign Language Interpreting: Implications for Stress and Interpreter Training.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dean, Robyn K.; Pollard, Robert Q., Jr.

2001-01-01

This article uses the framework of demand-control theory to examine the occupation of sign language interpreting. It discusses the environmental, interpersonal, and intrapersonal demands that impinge on the interpreter's decision latitude and notes the prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders, turnover, and burnout in the interpreting profession.…

Changes in Chromatin Compaction During the Cell Cycle Revealed by Micrometer-Scale Measurement of Molecular Flow in the Nucleus

PubMed Central

Hinde, Elizabeth; Cardarelli, Francesco; Digman, Michelle A.; Gratton, Enrico

2012-01-01

We present a quantitative fluctuation-based assay to measure the degree of local chromatin compaction and investigate how chromatin density regulates the diffusive path adopted by an inert protein in dividing cells. The assay uses CHO-K1 cells coexpressing untagged enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and histone H2B tagged mCherry. We measure at the single-cell level the EGFP localization and molecular flow patterns characteristic of each stage of chromatin compaction from mitosis through interphase by means of pair-correlation analysis. We find that the naturally occurring changes in chromatin organization impart a regulation on the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of EGFP within the nucleus. Combined with the analysis of Ca2+ intracellular homeostasis during cell division, EGFP flow regulation can be interpreted as the result of controlled changes in chromatin compaction. For the first time, to our knowledge, we were able to probe chromatin compaction on the micrometer scale, where the regulation of molecular diffusion may become relevant for many cellular processes. PMID:22325293

Interpretation of ALARA in the Canadian regulatory framework

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Utting, R.

1995-03-01

The Atomic Energy Control Board (AECB) is responsible for the regulation of all aspects of atomic energy in Canada. This includes the complete nuclear fuel cycle from uranium mining to long-term disposal of nuclear fuel, as well as the medical and industrial utilization of radioisotopes. Clearly, the regulatory approach will differ from practice to practice but, as far as possible, the AECB has attempted to minimize the degree of prescription of regulatory requirements. The traditional modus operandi of the AECB has been to have broad general principles enshrined in regulations with the requirement that licensees submit specific operating policies andmore » procedures to the AECB for approval. In the large nuclear facilities with their sophisticated technical infrastructures, this policy has been largely successful although in a changing legal and political milieu the AECB is finding that a greater degree of proactive regulation is becoming necessary. With the smaller users, the AECB has for a long time found it necessary to have a greater degree of prescription in its regulatory function. Forthcoming General Amendments to the Atomic Energy Control Regulations will, amongst other things, formally incorporate the concept of ALARA into the Canadian regulatory framework. Within the broad range of practices licensed by the AECB it is not practical to provide detailed guidance on optimization that will be relevant and appropriate to all licensees, however the following general principles are proposed.« less

12 CFR 217.3 - Interest on demand deposits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... PROHIBITION AGAINST THE PAYMENT OF INTEREST ON DEMAND DEPOSITS (REGULATION Q) Regulations § 217.3 Interest on... calendar days after maturity. [Reg. Q, 51 FR 9637, Mar. 20, 1986] Interpretations ...

Using materials research results in new regulations -- The Swedish approach

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gott, K.

1995-12-31

Swedish regulations are normally divided into two sections: the first part is the compulsory text and the second part explains very briefly the ideas behind the regulations and section consists of an interpretive text. This second part explains very briefly the ideas behind the regulations and gives advice as to how to apply the regulations, acceptable testing and analysis methods, and references to other standards and relevant documents. In the new regulations, which were approved by the Board of SKI in September 1994 and are effective from 1st January 1995, a number of innovations have been included concerning chemistry andmore » environmental degradation of the primary pressure boundary in Light Water Reactors. With regard to chemistry SKI will no longer approve the various parameters in the technical specifications (such as conductivity and impurity concentrations) but will require that the utilities have a chemistry control program in place which ensures the integrity of the primary pressure boundary and does not expose it to environments (such as impurities and decontamination chemicals) for which it was not designed. SKI can at any time control that such a program exists and assess its compatibility with these goals, either during routine inspections or as part of special theme inspections. Crack growth rates have been specified for different materials stainless steels, and the nickel base alloy types 600 and 182. Different environments have also been specified: water chemistry within and outside plant specifications as well as normal and hydrogen water chemistry conditions. Stress corrosion cracking in pressurized water reactor systems is also treated separately in the regulations, but not discussed specifically here.« less

Fighting for and losing or gaining control in life.

PubMed

Theorell, T

1997-01-01

In JP Henry's work, fighting for and losing control were important concepts in the interpretation of energy mobilization in psychosocial conditions. Attachment and support were important protective and salutogenic factors. These concepts have been applied in a series of epidemiological and psychophysiological real life studies. Job conditions which force the worker to mobilize energy and concomitantly inhibit anabolism could be identified at least partly by means of the demand-control-support model originally proposed by Karasek. The most adverse conditions at work arise when psychological demands are high and at the same time the decision latitude is low. This combination is associated with changes in the regulation of endocrine parameters as well as with increased morbidity--heart disease, functional gastrointestinal symptoms and musculoskeletal disorders. Examples of studies of physiological correlates of psychosocial processes leading to fight for control are also described from outside work activities.

16 CFR 1115.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SUBSTANTIAL PRODUCT HAZARD REPORTS General Interpretation § 1115.1 Purpose. The purpose of this part 1115 is to set forth the Consumer Product Safety Commission's (Commission's) interpretation of the reporting requirements imposed on...

48 CFR 9904.403-61 - Interpretation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...-61 Section 9904.403-61 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.403-61 Interpretation. (a) Questions have arisen as to...

Criminalizing knowledge: the perverse implications of the intended use regulations of off-label promotion prosecutions.

PubMed

Gentry, Gregory

2009-01-01

Your company has spent months designing a compliance program and training your sales representatives. They know never to mention the off-label uses of your product. If they are asked about the off-label uses by the physician they are detailing, they know to forward those inquiries to the scientific liaisons at headquarters. But, could your company still be in legal jeopardy simply because it knows that the product is being used for an off-label purpose? This article attempts to track the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) shifting interpretation of its "intended use" regulations, from focusing entirely on the statements of the manufacturers to focusing on the knowledge of the industry, indeed, of the consumers of products, in determining the true intended use of a product. It will look at several recent attempts by FDA to use that new interpretation of the regulations to expand its power: to regulate tobacco and to require pediatric indications for any new drug. Finally, it will look at several recent examples of how this new interpretation has manifested in actions by FDA and the Department of Justice (DOJ).

[Sporulation or competence development? A genetic regulatory network model of cell-fate determination in Bacillus subtilis].

PubMed

Lu, Zhenghui; Zhou, Yuling; Zhang, Xiaozhou; Zhang, Guimin

2015-11-01

Bacillus subtilis is a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) strain that has been widely used in industries including fodder, food, and biological control. In addition, B. subtilis expression system also plays a significant role in the production of industrial enzymes. However, its application is limited by its low sporulation frequency and transformation efficiency. Immense studies have been done on interpreting the molecular mechanisms of sporulation and competence development, whereas only few of them were focused on improving sporulation frequency and transformation efficiency of B. subtilis by genetic modification. The main challenge is that sporulation and competence development, as the two major developmental events in the stationary phase of B. subtilis, are regulated by the complicated intracellular genetic regulatory systems. In addition, mutual regulatory mechanisms also exist in these two developmental events. With the development of genetic and metabolic engineering, constructing genetic regulatory networks is currently one of the most attractive research fields, together with the genetic information of cell growth, metabolism, and development, to guide the industrial application. In this review, the mechanisms of sporulation and competence development of B. subtilis, their interactions, and the genetic regulation of cell growth were interpreted. In addition, the roles of these regulatory networks in guiding basic and applied research of B. subtilis and its related species were discussed.

40 CFR 180.4 - Exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... packaging treated with a pesticide, when such inert ingredients are the components of the food packaging... EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Definitions and Interpretative Regulations § 180.4... regulation under FFDCA section 402(a)(2)(B) and 408. These substances are subject to regulation by the Food...

40 CFR 180.4 - Exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... packaging treated with a pesticide, when such inert ingredients are the components of the food packaging... EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Definitions and Interpretative Regulations § 180.4... regulation under FFDCA section 402(a)(2)(B) and 408. These substances are subject to regulation by the Food...

40 CFR 180.4 - Exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... packaging treated with a pesticide, when such inert ingredients are the components of the food packaging... EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Definitions and Interpretative Regulations § 180.4... regulation under FFDCA section 402(a)(2)(B) and 408. These substances are subject to regulation by the Food...

40 CFR 180.4 - Exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... packaging treated with a pesticide, when such inert ingredients are the components of the food packaging... EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Definitions and Interpretative Regulations § 180.4... regulation under FFDCA section 402(a)(2)(B) and 408. These substances are subject to regulation by the Food...

40 CFR 180.4 - Exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... packaging treated with a pesticide, when such inert ingredients are the components of the food packaging... EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Definitions and Interpretative Regulations § 180.4... regulation under FFDCA section 402(a)(2)(B) and 408. These substances are subject to regulation by the Food...

77 FR 8721 - Home Mortgage Disclosure (Regulation C)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-15

... Home Mortgage Disclosure (Regulation C) AGENCY: Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection. ACTION: Final... a final rule amending the official commentary that interprets the requirements of Regulation C (Home.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975, as amended (HMDA; 12 U.S.C. 2801 et seq...

Promoting prosocial behavior and self-regulatory skills in preschool children through a mindfulness-based Kindness Curriculum.

PubMed

Flook, Lisa; Goldberg, Simon B; Pinger, Laura; Davidson, Richard J

2015-01-01

Self-regulatory abilities are robust predictors of important outcomes across the life span, yet they are rarely taught explicitly in school. Using a randomized controlled design, the present study investigated the effects of a 12-week mindfulness-based Kindness Curriculum (KC) delivered in a public school setting on executive function, self-regulation, and prosocial behavior in a sample of 68 preschool children. The KC intervention group showed greater improvements in social competence and earned higher report card grades in domains of learning, health, and social-emotional development, whereas the control group exhibited more selfish behavior over time. Interpretation of effect sizes overall indicate small to medium effects favoring the KC group on measures of cognitive flexibility and delay of gratification. Baseline functioning was found to moderate treatment effects with KC children initially lower in social competence and executive functioning demonstrating larger gains in social competence relative to the control group. These findings, observed over a relatively short intervention period, support the promise of this program for promoting self-regulation and prosocial behavior in young children. They also support the need for future investigation of program implementation across diverse settings.

Proportional Feedback Control of Energy Intake During Obesity Pharmacotherapy.

PubMed

Hall, Kevin D; Sanghvi, Arjun; Göbel, Britta

2017-12-01

Obesity pharmacotherapies result in an exponential time course for energy intake whereby large early decreases dissipate over time. This pattern of declining drug efficacy to decrease energy intake results in a weight loss plateau within approximately 1 year. This study aimed to elucidate the physiology underlying the exponential decay of drug effects on energy intake. Placebo-subtracted energy intake time courses were examined during long-term obesity pharmacotherapy trials for 14 different drugs or drug combinations within the theoretical framework of a proportional feedback control system regulating human body weight. Assuming each obesity drug had a relatively constant effect on average energy intake and did not affect other model parameters, our model correctly predicted that long-term placebo-subtracted energy intake was linearly related to early reductions in energy intake according to a prespecified equation with no free parameters. The simple model explained about 70% of the variance between drug studies with respect to the long-term effects on energy intake, although a significant proportional bias was evident. The exponential decay over time of obesity pharmacotherapies to suppress energy intake can be interpreted as a relatively constant effect of each drug superimposed on a physiological feedback control system regulating body weight. © 2017 The Obesity Society.

Promoting prosocial behavior and self-regulatory skills in preschool children through a mindfulness-based kindness curriculum

PubMed Central

Flook, Lisa; Goldberg, Simon B.; Pinger, Laura; Davidson, Richard J.

2015-01-01

Self-regulatory abilities are robust predictors of important outcomes across the lifespan, yet they are rarely taught explicitly in school. Using a randomized controlled design, the present study investigated the effects of a 12-week mindfulness-based Kindness Curriculum (KC) delivered in a public school setting on executive function, self-regulation, and prosocial behavior in a sample of 68 preschool children. The KC intervention group showed greater improvements in social competence and earned higher report card grades in domains of learning, health, and social-emotional development, whereas the control group exhibited more selfish behavior over time. Interpretation of effect sizes overall indicate small to medium effects favoring the KC group on measures of cognitive flexibility and delay of gratification . Baseline functioning was found to moderate treatment effects with KC children initially lower in social competence and executive functioning demonstrating larger gains in social competence relative to the control group. These findings, observed over a relatively short intervention period, support the promise of this program for promoting self-regulation and prosocial behavior in young children. They also support the need for future investigation of program implementation across diverse settings. PMID:25383689

Gene-Editing: Interpretation of Current Law and Legal Policy.

PubMed

Kim, Na-Kyoung

2017-09-01

With the development of the third-generation gene scissors, CRISPR-Cas9, concerns are being raised about ethical and social repercussions of the new gene-editing technology. In this situation, this article explores the legislation and interpretation of the positive laws in South Korea. The BioAct does not specify and regulate 'gene editing' itself. However, assuming that genetic editing is used in the process of research and treatment, we can look to the specific details of the regulations for research on humans as well as gene therapy research in order to see how genetic editing is regulated under the BioAct. BioAct differentiates the regulation between (born) humans and embryos etc. and the regulation differ entirely in the manner and scope. Moreover, due to the fact that gene therapy products are regarded as drugs, they fall under different regulations. The Korean Pharmacopoeia Act put stringent sanctions on clinical trials for gene therapy products and the official Notification "Approval and Examination Regulations for Biological Products, etc." by Food and Drug Safety Administration may be applied to gene editing for gene therapy purposes.

Optimal control theory (OWEM) applied to a helicopter in the hover and approach phase

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Born, G. J.; Kai, T.

1975-01-01

A major difficulty in the practical application of linear-quadratic regulator theory is how to choose the weighting matrices in quadratic cost functions. The control system design with optimal weighting matrices was applied to a helicopter in the hover and approach phase. The weighting matrices were calculated to extremize the closed loop total system damping subject to constraints on the determinants. The extremization is really a minimization of the effects of disturbances, and interpreted as a compromise between the generalized system accuracy and the generalized system response speed. The trade-off between the accuracy and the response speed is adjusted by a single parameter, the ratio of determinants. By this approach an objective measure can be obtained for the design of a control system. The measure is to be determined by the system requirements.

14 CFR Sec. 1-7 - Interpretation of accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS AND REPORTS FOR LARGE CERTIFICATED AIR CARRIERS General Accounting Provisions Sec. 1-7 Interpretation of accounts. To the end that uniform accounting may be maintained, questions involving matters of accounting significance which are not clearly provided...

48 CFR 9904.401-61 - Interpretation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...-61 Section 9904.401-61 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE... ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.401-61 Interpretation. (a) 9904.401, Cost Accounting... accounting practices used in accumulating and reporting costs.” (b) In estimating the cost of direct material...

5 CFR 294.301 - Policy and interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Policy and interpretations. 294.301 Section 294.301 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS... similar documentary material, when prepared for the purpose of internal communication within the Office or...

Adaptive Critic-based Neurofuzzy Controller for the Steam Generator Water Level

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fakhrazari, Amin; Boroushaki, Mehrdad

2008-06-01

In this paper, an adaptive critic-based neurofuzzy controller is presented for water level regulation of nuclear steam generators. The problem has been of great concern for many years as the steam generator is a highly nonlinear system showing inverse response dynamics especially at low operating power levels. Fuzzy critic-based learning is a reinforcement learning method based on dynamic programming. The only information available for the critic agent is the system feedback which is interpreted as the last action the controller has performed in the previous state. The signal produced by the critic agent is used alongside the backpropagation of error algorithm to tune online conclusion parts of the fuzzy inference rules. The critic agent here has a proportional-derivative structure and the fuzzy rule base has nine rules. The proposed controller shows satisfactory transient responses, disturbance rejection and robustness to model uncertainty. Its simple design procedure and structure, nominates it as one of the suitable controller designs for the steam generator water level control in nuclear power plant industry.

Informal interpreting in general practice: Are interpreters' roles related to perceived control, trust, and satisfaction?

PubMed

Zendedel, Rena; Schouten, Barbara C; van Weert, Julia C M; van den Putte, Bas

2018-06-01

The aim of this observational study was twofold. First, we examined how often and which roles informal interpreters performed during consultations between Turkish-Dutch migrant patients and general practitioners (GPs). Second, relations between these roles and patients' and GPs' perceived control, trust in informal interpreters and satisfaction with the consultation were assessed. A coding instrument was developed to quantitatively code informal interpreters' roles from transcripts of 84 audio-recorded interpreter-mediated consultations in general practice. Patients' and GPs' perceived control, trust and satisfaction were assessed in a post consultation questionnaire. Informal interpreters most often performed the conduit role (almost 25% of all coded utterances), and also frequently acted as replacers and excluders of patients and GPs by asking and answering questions on their own behalf, and by ignoring and omitting patients' and GPs' utterances. The role of information source was negatively related to patients' trust and the role of GP excluder was negatively related to patients' perceived control. Patients and GPs are possibly insufficiently aware of the performed roles of informal interpreters, as these were barely related to patients' and GPs' perceived trust, control and satisfaction. Patients and GPs should be educated about the possible negative consequences of informal interpreting. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

[Secret remedies in France until abolition in 1926].

PubMed

Warolin, Christian

2002-01-01

Secret remedies are preparations or medicines whose composition is not disclosed by the inventor in order to protect his invention or to deceive the public. Secret remedies have always existed. From time immemorial the communities of apothecaries in Paris or in the provinces were opposed to quack doctors or healers who sold inactive mixtures. The 1352 Royal Edict forbade preparations of secret remedies. However, in the 17th century secret remedies were authorized through commission letters or warrants. In the 18th century regulations were implemented to control secret trade. The famous 11 April 1803 Law called the Germinal Law banned the sale of secret remedies but its severity was softened through successive decrees based on divergent interpretations of the regulations. The final banning of secret remedies was pronounced by a decree on 13 July 1926.

Data Protection Compliance in the Age of Digital Health.

PubMed

Hordern, Victoria

2016-06-01

Advances in technology are transforming the way that health data is collected and used. This includes improvements in existing technology as well as innovations in mobile technology such as smartphone apps and wearables. Health data is strictly regulated under the EU Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC. Under current data protection rules, health data is broadly interpreted and will, in most circumstances not connected to the provision of healthcare, require organisations to obtain explicit consent from individuals for its collection and use. Further data protection compliance issues arise such as identifying who is a controller, ensuring transparency, using health data for research purposes and keeping health data secure. As the EU data protection landscape is due to change in the next few years and will affect the collection and use of health data, the forthcoming Data Protection Regulation also deserves attention.

29 CFR 790.17 - “Administrative regulation, order, ruling, approval, or interpretation.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 1938 Defense of Good Faith Reliance on Administrative Regulations, Etc. § 790.17 “Administrative... in regard to their function under the “good faith” defense. Accordingly, no useful purpose would be... that where the employer's good faith reliance on a regulation, order, ruling, approval or...

29 CFR 570.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 570.1 Section 570.1 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS CHILD LABOR REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION General § 570.1 Definitions. As used in this part: (a) Act means...

Developmental changes in facial expressions of emotions in the strange situation during the second year of life.

PubMed

Izard, Carroll E; Abe, Jo Ann A

2004-09-01

Infants' expressions of discrete emotions were coded during the more stressful episodes (4 through 8) of the Strange Situation at 13 and 18 months. The data showed a significant decrease in full-face expressions (more complex configurations of movements) and a significant increase in component expressions (simpler and more constrained patterns of movements). The authors interpreted this trend as a developmental change toward more regulated and less intense emotions. Consistent with this view, the aggregate index of infants' full-face negative emotion expressions, interpreted as reflecting relatively unregulated intense emotions, correlated significantly with maternal ratings of difficult temperament. The authors discuss alternative interpretations of the findings in terms of changes in reactivity/arousability and the emerging capacity for self-regulation. (c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved

29 CFR 1902.37 - Factors for determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... timely developed and promulgated standards which are at least as effective as the comparable Federal... interpreted and applied in a manner which is at least as effective as the interpretation and application of...

Exploring the Effect of the Linguafolio on Student Self-Regulated Learning Activities: A Qualitative Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Szalay, Keith

2017-01-01

There is a movement in secondary education praxis across U.S. public schools and policy makers that recognizes the value of developing the capacity for academic self-regulation in learners. While there are many interpretations of self-regulation, in this context self-regulation refers to a learner's capacity to understand their own learning as a…

Qa-1/HLA-E-restricted regulatory CD8+ T cells and self-nonself discrimination: an essay on peripheral T-cell regulation.

PubMed

Jiang, Hong; Chess, Leonard

2008-11-01

By discriminating self from nonself and controlling the magnitude and class of immune responses, the immune system mounts effective immunity against virtually any foreign antigens but avoids harmful immune responses to self. These are two equally important and related but distinct processes, which function in concert to ensure an optimal function of the immune system. Immunologically relevant clinical problems often occur because of failure of either process, especially the former. Currently, there is no unified conceptual framework to characterize the precise relationship between thymic negative selection and peripheral immune regulation, which is the basis for understanding self-non-self discrimination versus control of magnitude and class of immune responses. In this article, we explore a novel hypothesis of how the immune system discriminates self from nonself in the periphery during adaptive immunity. This hypothesis permits rational analysis of various seemingly unrelated biomedical problems inherent in immunologic disorders that cannot be uniformly interpreted by any currently existing paradigms. The proposed hypothesis is based on a unified conceptual framework of the "avidity model of peripheral T-cell regulation" that we originally proposed and tested, in both basic and clinical immunology, to understand how the immune system achieves self-nonself discrimination in the periphery.

Probing Mechanoregulation of Neuronal Differentiation by Plasma Lithography Patterned Elastomeric Substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nam, Ki-Hwan; Jamilpour, Nima; Mfoumou, Etienne; Wang, Fei-Yue; Zhang, Donna D.; Wong, Pak Kin

2014-11-01

Cells sense and interpret mechanical cues, including cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, in the microenvironment to collectively regulate various physiological functions. Understanding the influences of these mechanical factors on cell behavior is critical for fundamental cell biology and for the development of novel strategies in regenerative medicine. Here, we demonstrate plasma lithography patterning on elastomeric substrates for elucidating the influences of mechanical cues on neuronal differentiation and neuritogenesis. The neuroblastoma cells form neuronal spheres on plasma-treated regions, which geometrically confine the cells over two weeks. The elastic modulus of the elastomer is controlled simultaneously by the crosslinker concentration. The cell-substrate mechanical interactions are also investigated by controlling the size of neuronal spheres with different cell seeding densities. These physical cues are shown to modulate with the formation of focal adhesions, neurite outgrowth, and the morphology of neuroblastoma. By systematic adjustment of these cues, along with computational biomechanical analysis, we demonstrate the interrelated mechanoregulatory effects of substrate elasticity and cell size. Taken together, our results reveal that the neuronal differentiation and neuritogenesis of neuroblastoma cells are collectively regulated via the cell-substrate mechanical interactions.

[The Scope, Quality and Safety Requirements of Drug Abuse Testing].

PubMed

Küme, Tuncay; Karakükcü, Çiğdem; Pınar, Aslı; Coşkunol, Hakan

2017-01-01

The aim of this review is to inform about the scopes and requirements of drug abuse testing. Drug abuse testing is one of the tools for determination of drug use. It must fulfill the quality and safety requirements in judgmental legal and administrative decisions. Drug abuse testing must fulfill some requirements like selection of the appropriate test matrix, appropriate screening test panel, sampling in detection window, patient consent, identification of the donor, appropriate collection site, sample collection with observation, identification and control of the sample, specimen custody chain in preanalytical phase; analysis in authorized laboratories, specimen validity tests, reliable testing METHODS, strict quality control, two-step analysis in analytical phase; storage of the split specimen, confirmation of the split specimen in the objection, result custody chain, appropriate cut-off concentration, the appropriate interpretation of the result in postanalytical phase. The workflow and analytical processes of drug abuse testing are explained in last regulation of the Department of Medical Laboratory Services, Ministry of Health in Turkey. The clinical physicians have to know and apply the quality and safety requirements in drug abuse testing according to last regulations in Turkey.

12 CFR Supplement I to Part 230 - Official Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... interpretations of Regulation DD. Good faith compliance with this commentary affords protection from liability.... Advertisements include commercial messages in visual, oral, or print media that invite, offer, or otherwise...)), such as an account that receives direct deposit of social security payments. Accounts permitting access...

12 CFR Supplement I to Part 230 - Official Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... interpretations of Regulation DD. Good faith compliance with this commentary affords protection from liability.... Advertisements include commercial messages in visual, oral, or print media that invite, offer, or otherwise...)), such as an account that receives direct deposit of social security payments. Accounts permitting access...

12 CFR Supplement I to Part 230 - Official Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... interpretations of Regulation DD. Good faith compliance with this commentary affords protection from liability.... Advertisements include commercial messages in visual, oral, or print media that invite, offer, or otherwise...)), such as an account that receives direct deposit of social security payments. Accounts permitting access...

20 CFR 349.3 - Change of legal interpretation or administrative ruling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Change of legal interpretation or administrative ruling. 349.3 Section 349.3 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT FINALITY OF DECISIONS REGARDING UNEMPLOYMENT AND SICKNESS INSURANCE...

20 CFR 349.3 - Change of legal interpretation or administrative ruling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2014-04-01 2012-04-01 true Change of legal interpretation or administrative ruling. 349.3 Section 349.3 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT FINALITY OF DECISIONS REGARDING UNEMPLOYMENT AND SICKNESS INSURANCE...

20 CFR 349.3 - Change of legal interpretation or administrative ruling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Change of legal interpretation or administrative ruling. 349.3 Section 349.3 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT FINALITY OF DECISIONS REGARDING UNEMPLOYMENT AND SICKNESS INSURANCE...

20 CFR 349.3 - Change of legal interpretation or administrative ruling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true Change of legal interpretation or administrative ruling. 349.3 Section 349.3 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT FINALITY OF DECISIONS REGARDING UNEMPLOYMENT AND SICKNESS INSURANCE...

20 CFR 349.3 - Change of legal interpretation or administrative ruling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Change of legal interpretation or administrative ruling. 349.3 Section 349.3 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT FINALITY OF DECISIONS REGARDING UNEMPLOYMENT AND SICKNESS INSURANCE...

Determinants Affecting Physical Activity Levels In Animal Models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tou, Janet C. L.; Wade, Charles E.; Dalton, Bonnie P. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

Weight control is dependent on energy balance. Reduced energy expenditure (EE) associated with decreased physical activity is suggested to be a major underlying cause in the increasing prevalence of weight gain and obesity. Therefore, a better understanding of the biological determinants involved in the regulation of physical activity is essential. To facilitate interpretation in humans, it is helpful to consider the evidence from animal studies. This review focuses on animal studies examining the biological determinants influencing activity and potential implications to human. It appears that physical activity is influenced by a number of parameters. However, regardless of the parameter involved, body weight appears to play all underlying role in the regulation of activity. Furthermore, the regulation of activity associated with body weight appears to occur only after the animal achieves a critical weight. This suggests that activity levels are a consequence rather than a contributor to weight control. However, the existence of an inverse weight-activity relationship remains inconclusive. Confounding the results are the multi-factorial nature of physical activity and the lack of appropriate measuring devices. Furthermore, many determinants of body weight are closely interlocked making it difficult to determine whether a single, combination or interaction of factors is important for the regulation of activity. For example, diet-induced obesity, aging, lesions to tile ventral medial hypothalamus and genetics all produce hypoactivity. Providing a better understanding of the biological determinants involved in the regulation of activity has important implications for the development of strategies for the prevention of weight gain leading to obesity and subsequent morbidity and mortality in the human population.

Determinants affecting physical activity levels in animal models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tou, Janet C L.; Wade, Charles E.

2002-01-01

Weight control is dependent on energy balance. Reduced energy expenditure (EE) associated with decreased physical activity is suggested to be a major underlying cause in the increasing prevalence of weight gain and obesity. Therefore, a better understanding of the biological determinants involved in the regulation of physical activity is essential. To facilitate interpretation in humans, it is helpful to consider the evidence from animal studies. This review focuses on animal studies examining the biological determinants influencing activity and potential implications to human. It appears that physical activity is influenced by a number of parameters. However, regardless of the parameter involved, body weight appears to play an underlying role in the regulation of activity. Furthermore, the regulation of activity associated with body weight appears to occur only after the animal achieves a critical weight. This suggests that activity levels are a consequence rather than a contributor to weight control. However, the existence of an inverse weight-activity relationship remains inconclusive. Confounding the results are the multifactorial nature of physical activity and the lack of appropriate measuring devices. Furthermore, many determinants of body weight are closely interlocked, making it difficult to determine whether a single, combination, or interaction of factors is important for the regulation of activity. For example, diet-induced obesity, aging, lesions to the ventral medial hypothalamus, and genetics all produce hypoactivity. Providing a better understanding of the biological determinants involved in the regulation of activity has important implications for the development of strategies for the prevention of weight gain leading to obesity and subsequent morbidity and mortality in the human population.

45 CFR 73b.2 - Rules and regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION DEBARMENT OR SUSPENSION OF FORMER... established by the Office of Government Ethics in its regulations, 5 CFR Part 737, and interpretations thereof..., Department of Health and Human Services. ...

45 CFR 73b.2 - Rules and regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION DEBARMENT OR SUSPENSION OF FORMER... established by the Office of Government Ethics in its regulations, 5 CFR Part 737, and interpretations thereof..., Department of Health and Human Services. ...

45 CFR 73b.2 - Rules and regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION DEBARMENT OR SUSPENSION OF FORMER... established by the Office of Government Ethics in its regulations, 5 CFR Part 737, and interpretations thereof..., Department of Health and Human Services. ...

45 CFR 73b.2 - Rules and regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Welfare Department of Health and Human Services GENERAL ADMINISTRATION DEBARMENT OR SUSPENSION OF FORMER... established by the Office of Government Ethics in its regulations, 5 CFR part 737, and interpretations thereof..., Department of Health and Human Services. ...

45 CFR 73b.2 - Rules and regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION DEBARMENT OR SUSPENSION OF FORMER... established by the Office of Government Ethics in its regulations, 5 CFR Part 737, and interpretations thereof..., Department of Health and Human Services. ...

29 CFR 570.6 - Contents and disposition of certificates of age.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... REGULATIONS CHILD LABOR REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION Certificates of Age § 570.6... is obtained and kept on file by the person issuing the certificate. (3) Sex of minor. (4) Signature...

29 CFR 570.6 - Contents and disposition of certificates of age.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... REGULATIONS CHILD LABOR REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION Certificates of Age § 570.6... is obtained and kept on file by the person issuing the certificate. (3) Sex of minor. (4) Signature...

Integrated pathway-based transcription regulation network mining and visualization based on gene expression profiles.

PubMed

Kibinge, Nelson; Ono, Naoaki; Horie, Masafumi; Sato, Tetsuo; Sugiura, Tadao; Altaf-Ul-Amin, Md; Saito, Akira; Kanaya, Shigehiko

2016-06-01

Conventionally, workflows examining transcription regulation networks from gene expression data involve distinct analytical steps. There is a need for pipelines that unify data mining and inference deduction into a singular framework to enhance interpretation and hypotheses generation. We propose a workflow that merges network construction with gene expression data mining focusing on regulation processes in the context of transcription factor driven gene regulation. The pipeline implements pathway-based modularization of expression profiles into functional units to improve biological interpretation. The integrated workflow was implemented as a web application software (TransReguloNet) with functions that enable pathway visualization and comparison of transcription factor activity between sample conditions defined in the experimental design. The pipeline merges differential expression, network construction, pathway-based abstraction, clustering and visualization. The framework was applied in analysis of actual expression datasets related to lung, breast and prostrate cancer. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Emotion Regulation in Adolescence: A Prospective Study of Expressive Suppression and Depressive Symptoms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Larsen, Junilla K.; Vermulst, Ad A.; Geenen, Rinie; van Middendorp, Henriet; English, Tammy; Gross, James J.; Ha, Thao; Evers, Catharine; Engels, Rutger C. M. E.

2013-01-01

Cross-sectional studies have shown a positive association between expressive suppression and depressive symptoms. These results have been interpreted as reflecting the impact of emotion regulation efforts on depression. However, it is also possible that depression may alter emotion regulation tendencies. The goal of the present study was to…

Optimal control of a harmonic oscillator: Economic interpretations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Janová, Jitka; Hampel, David

2013-10-01

Optimal control is a popular technique for modelling and solving the dynamic decision problems in economics. A standard interpretation of the criteria function and Lagrange multipliers in the profit maximization problem is well known. On a particular example, we aim to a deeper understanding of the possible economic interpretations of further mathematical and solution features of the optimal control problem: we focus on the solution of the optimal control problem for harmonic oscillator serving as a model for Phillips business cycle. We discuss the economic interpretations of arising mathematical objects with respect to well known reasoning for these in other problems.

Blinded interpretation of study results can feasibly and effectively diminish interpretation bias.

PubMed

Järvinen, Teppo L N; Sihvonen, Raine; Bhandari, Mohit; Sprague, Sheila; Malmivaara, Antti; Paavola, Mika; Schünemann, Holger J; Guyatt, Gordon H

2014-07-01

Controversial and misleading interpretation of data from randomized trials is common. How to avoid misleading interpretation has received little attention. Herein, we describe two applications of an approach that involves blinded interpretation of the results by study investigators. The approach involves developing two interpretations of the results on the basis of a blinded review of the primary outcome data (experimental treatment A compared with control treatment B). One interpretation assumes that A is the experimental intervention and another assumes that A is the control. After agreeing that there will be no further changes, the investigators record their decisions and sign the resulting document. The randomization code is then broken, the correct interpretation chosen, and the manuscript finalized. Review of the document by an external authority before finalization can provide another safeguard against interpretation bias. We found the blinded preparation of a summary of data interpretation described in this article practical, efficient, and useful. Blinded data interpretation may decrease the frequency of misleading data interpretation. Widespread adoption of blinded data interpretation would be greatly facilitated were it added to the minimum set of recommendations outlining proper conduct of randomized controlled trials (eg, the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement). Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

16 CFR 600.2 - Legal effect.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Legal effect. 600.2 Section 600.2 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY OR INTERPRETATIONS § 600.2 Legal effect. (a) The interpretations in the Commentary are not trade regulation rules or...

16 CFR 600.2 - Legal effect.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Legal effect. 600.2 Section 600.2 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY OR INTERPRETATIONS § 600.2 Legal effect. (a) The interpretations in the Commentary are not trade regulation rules or...

29 CFR 2509.78-1 - Interpretive bulletin relating to payments by certain employee welfare benefit plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... employee welfare benefit plans. 2509.78-1 Section 2509.78-1 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR GENERAL INTERPRETIVE BULLETINS RELATING TO... payments by certain employee welfare benefit plans. The Department of Labor today announced its...

12 CFR Supplement I to Part 226 - Official Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... to Part 226 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM TRUTH IN LENDING (REGULATION Z) Pt. 226, Supp. I Supplement I to Part 226—Official Staff... authorized official or employee of the Federal Reserve System. 2. Procedure for requesting interpretations...

29 CFR 785.3 - Period of effectiveness of interpretations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY OR INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS HOURS WORKED General... policies inconsistent with any portion of this part are superseded by it. The Portal-to-Portal Bulletin (part 790 of this chapter) is still in effect except insofar as it may not be consistent with any...

29 CFR 1690.309 - Interpretation of the Order.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES ON... the objectives set forth in 1-201 and the procedures in 1-303 of the Order, the EEOC shall interpret the meaning and intent of the Order. EEOC also will issue procedural changes under the Order, as...

29 CFR 1690.309 - Interpretation of the Order.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES ON... the objectives set forth in 1-201 and the procedures in 1-303 of the Order, the EEOC shall interpret the meaning and intent of the Order. EEOC also will issue procedural changes under the Order, as...

29 CFR 1690.309 - Interpretation of the Order.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES ON... the objectives set forth in 1-201 and the procedures in 1-303 of the Order, the EEOC shall interpret the meaning and intent of the Order. EEOC also will issue procedural changes under the Order, as...

29 CFR 1690.309 - Interpretation of the Order.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES ON... the objectives set forth in 1-201 and the procedures in 1-303 of the Order, the EEOC shall interpret the meaning and intent of the Order. EEOC also will issue procedural changes under the Order, as...

29 CFR 1690.309 - Interpretation of the Order.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES ON... the objectives set forth in 1-201 and the procedures in 1-303 of the Order, the EEOC shall interpret the meaning and intent of the Order. EEOC also will issue procedural changes under the Order, as...

29 CFR 2509.75-3 - Interpretive bulletin relating to investments by employee benefit plans in securities of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... Interpretive bulletin relating to investments by employee benefit plans in securities of registered investment.... That section provides that an investment by an employee benefit plan in securities issued by an...

48 CFR 9901.302 - Authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Section 9901.302 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL...) The Cost Accounting Standards Board (hereinafter referred to as the “Board”) is established by and..., promulgate, amend, and rescind cost accounting standards and regulations, including interpretations thereof...

Harmonization - Two Years' of Transportation Regulation Lessons Learned

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Colborn, K.

2007-07-01

The U.S. Department of Transportation issued modifications to the Hazardous Materials Regulations in October, 2004 as part of an ongoing effort to 'harmonize' U.S. regulations with those of the International Atomic Energy Agency. The harmonization effort had several predictable effects on low level radioactive materials shipment that were anticipated even prior to their implementation. However, after two years' experience with the new regulations, transporters have identified several effects on transportation which were not entirely apparent when the regulations were first implemented. This paper presents several case studies in the transportation of low level radioactive materials since the harmonization rules tookmore » effect. In each case, an analysis of the challenge posed by the regulatory revision is provided. In some cases, more than one strategy for compliance was considered, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. In several cases, regulatory interpretations were sought and obtained, and these are presented to clarify the legitimacy of the compliance approach. The presentation of interpretations will be accompanied by reports of clarifying discussions with the U.S. DOT about the interpretation and scope of the regulatory change. Specific transportation issues raised by the revised hazardous materials regulations are reviewed, including: The new definition of radioactive material in accordance with isotope-specific concentration and total activity limits. The new hazardous materials regulations (HMR) created a new definition for radioactive material. A case study is presented for soils contaminated with low levels of Th-230. These soils had been being shipped for years as exempt material under the old 2,000 pCi/g concentration limit. Under the new HMR, these same soils were radioactive material. Further, in rail-car quantities their activity exceeded an A2 value, so shipment of the material in gondolas appeared to require an IP-2 package. Interpretations, discussions, and an exemption were obtained to secure the continued shipment of this material. A provision to allow 'natural' radioactive materials to be exempt from the requirements of the HMR at up to 10x the listed isotopic concentrations. The revised HMR exempts certain natural materials and ores from regulation as radioactive material at concentrations up to 10x that allowed if the materials are not natural. The term 'natural' is not well defined, and initial attempts to qualify for this exemption were thwarted by concerns over what degree of material processing, if any, materials could experience and still be considered 'natural'. The presentation includes an example from a project involving post-processed tungsten ore, and includes interpretations from the US DOT as well as clarifying language from current and drafted IAEA regulation and guidance. New packaging descriptions allowing the use of cargo containers as IP-2 and IP-3 packages in some applications. The revised HMR provides an alternate certification procedure under which standard cargo containers can be used as IP-2 and IP-3 containers. There has been some confusion about how this high level of certification can apply to standard cargo containers when other sections of the regulations make this certification available only to considerably more stout containers after rigorous testing. The discussion includes interpretive guidance from the US DOT, and from the UK Department of Transport clarifying the same provision in IAEA regulations. A new definition of contamination with apparently broad impact on the shipment of empty containers and conveyances. The revised HMR presented a definition of contamination not referenced by any other part of the HMR. The preamble to the revised HMR provides confusing guidance on the application of the definition to shipment of empty containers, and subsequent interpretive guidance letters appear to conflict with the preamble as well as with each other. The definition also has the effect of regulating materials for transport as radioactive even when US NRC and US Department of Energy (DOE) guidance documents suggest that the materials are free-releasable. This presentation provides the latest available information on this emerging issue. The presentation strives to provide the benefit of recent real-world experience in new aspects of the HMR. The examples provides should have broad application to shippers of a variety of low level radioactive materials in the US and internationally. (authors)« less

Impact of Attention Training on Academic Achievement, Executive Functioning, and Behavior: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Kirk, Hannah; Gray, Kylie; Ellis, Kirsten; Taffe, John; Cornish, Kim

2017-03-01

Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience significant difficulties in attention, learning, executive functions, and behavioral regulation. Emerging evidence suggests that computerized cognitive training may remediate these impairments. In a double blind controlled trial, 76 children with IDD (4-11 years) were randomized to either an attention training (n = 38) or control program (n = 38). Both programs were completed at home over a 5-week period. Outcome measures assessed literacy, numeracy, executive functioning, and behavioral/emotional problems, and were conducted at baseline, post-training, and 3-month follow-up. No training effects were observed at post-training; however, children in the training group showed greater improvements in numeracy skills at the 3-month follow-up. These results suggest that attention training may be beneficial for children with IDD; however, the modest nature of the intervention effects indicate that caution should be taken when interpreting clinical significance.

Strategies can enhance rural hospital viability.

PubMed

Hyatt, T K

1991-07-01

Although some rural hospitals struggle to remain financially viable, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) often shows greater flexibility in interpreting regulations for tax-exempt hospitals in rural areas. To take advantage of this flexibility, rural facilities should understand issues affecting Federal tax-exempt status, such as private benefit, private inurement, and unrelated business income. A not-for-profit, rural healthcare facility well versed in tax-exempt regulations and their interpretations by the IRS can structure recruitment and retention programs, joint ventures, unrelated businesses, and even cooperative coalitions to enhance its financial well-being without endangering its tax exemption.

[Regulation requirements for the protection of workers against electromagnetic fields occurring in the work environment].

PubMed

Aniołczyk, Halina; Zmyślony, Marek

2006-01-01

In Poland, electromagnetic fields (EMF), one of potentially hazardous physical factors occurring in the work environment, are subjected to compulsory surveillance. In 2001, the Directive issued by the Minister of Labor and Social Policy substantially changed the approach towards the protection of workers against EMF. The Directive regulates the whole range of EMF frequencies and electromagnetic radiation, namely from 0 Hz to 300 GHz, which means the possibility of assessing worker's EMF exposure, determined by exposure index, along with the hygiene assessment of EMF sources, defined by protection zones. In 2003-2005, a number of amended executive and supplementary regulations were issued. However, it should be emphasized that in the process of their elaboration, striving after perfection, numerous incoherent and ambiguous provisions were adopted, which finally created difficulties in the interpretation of individual regulations. This is also linked with doubts and discussions on their practical application by services responsible for control, measurements and monitoring of working conditions under the exposure to EMF. In this work an attempt was made to clarify all issues and arrange them according to the faced problems. The authors also present proposals how to solve all these problems.

Hypothalamic metabolic compartmentation during appetite regulation as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy methods

PubMed Central

Lizarbe, Blanca; Benitez, Ania; Peláez Brioso, Gerardo A.; Sánchez-Montañés, Manuel; López-Larrubia, Pilar; Ballesteros, Paloma; Cerdán, Sebastián

2013-01-01

We review the role of neuroglial compartmentation and transcellular neurotransmitter cycling during hypothalamic appetite regulation as detected by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Spectroscopy (MRS) methods. We address first the neurochemical basis of neuroendocrine regulation in the hypothalamus and the orexigenic and anorexigenic feed-back loops that control appetite. Then we examine the main MRI and MRS strategies that have been used to investigate appetite regulation. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI), Blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast (BOLD), and Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) have revealed Mn2+ accumulations, augmented oxygen consumptions, and astrocytic swelling in the hypothalamus under fasting conditions, respectively. High field 1H magnetic resonance in vivo, showed increased hypothalamic myo-inositol concentrations as compared to other cerebral structures. 1H and 13C high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) revealed increased neuroglial oxidative and glycolytic metabolism, as well as increased hypothalamic glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmissions under orexigenic stimulation. We propose here an integrative interpretation of all these findings suggesting that the neuroendocrine regulation of appetite is supported by important ionic and metabolic transcellular fluxes which begin at the tripartite orexigenic clefts and become extended spatially in the hypothalamus through astrocytic networks becoming eventually MRI and MRS detectable. PMID:23781199

[Development and validation of an inventory of ego functions and self regulation (Hannover Self-Regulation Inventory, HSRI)].

PubMed

Jäger, B; Schmid-Ott, G; Ernst, G; Dölle-Lange, E; Sack, M

2012-06-01

The aim of this study was to construct and validate a short self-rating questionnaire for the assessment of ego functions and ability of self regulation. An item pool of 120 items covering 6 postulated dimensions was reduced by two steps in independent samples (n = 136 + 470) via factor and item analyses to the final version consisting of 35 items. The 5 resulting questionnaire scales "interpersonal disturbances", "frustration tolerance and impulse control", "identity disturbances", "affect differentiation and affect tolerance" and "self-esteem" were well interpretable and showed in confirmatory factor analysis the best fit to the data (CHI²/df = 3.48; RMSEA = 0.73). Total scores were found to differentiate well between diagnostic groups of patients with more or less ego pathology (FANOVA = 9.8; df = 11; p < 0.001), thus proving good concurrent validity. Reliability was shown by testing internal consistency and test-retest correlations. The "Hannover self-regulation questionnaire" (HSRQ) evidently is an appropriate and reliable screening instrument in order to assess ego functions and capacities of self regulation in an economic and user-friendly means. The scale structure allows differentiated diagnostics of weak vs. stable ego functions and may be used for detailed therapy planning. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Differential modulation of global and local neural oscillations in REM sleep by homeostatic sleep regulation

PubMed Central

Kim, Bowon; Kocsis, Bernat; Hwang, Eunjin; Kim, Youngsoo; Strecker, Robert E.; McCarley, Robert W.; Choi, Jee Hyun

2017-01-01

Homeostatic rebound in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep normally occurs after acute sleep deprivation, but REM sleep rebound settles on a persistently elevated level despite continued accumulation of REM sleep debt during chronic sleep restriction (CSR). Using high-density EEG in mice, we studied how this pattern of global regulation is implemented in cortical regions with different functions and network architectures. We found that across all areas, slow oscillations repeated the behavioral pattern of persistent enhancement during CSR, whereas high-frequency oscillations showed progressive increases. This pattern followed a common rule despite marked topographic differences. The findings suggest that REM sleep slow oscillations may translate top-down homeostatic control to widely separated brain regions whereas fast oscillations synchronizing local neuronal ensembles escape this global command. These patterns of EEG oscillation changes are interpreted to reconcile two prevailing theories of the function of sleep, synaptic homeostasis and sleep dependent memory consolidation. PMID:28193862

Differential modulation of global and local neural oscillations in REM sleep by homeostatic sleep regulation.

PubMed

Kim, Bowon; Kocsis, Bernat; Hwang, Eunjin; Kim, Youngsoo; Strecker, Robert E; McCarley, Robert W; Choi, Jee Hyun

2017-02-28

Homeostatic rebound in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep normally occurs after acute sleep deprivation, but REM sleep rebound settles on a persistently elevated level despite continued accumulation of REM sleep debt during chronic sleep restriction (CSR). Using high-density EEG in mice, we studied how this pattern of global regulation is implemented in cortical regions with different functions and network architectures. We found that across all areas, slow oscillations repeated the behavioral pattern of persistent enhancement during CSR, whereas high-frequency oscillations showed progressive increases. This pattern followed a common rule despite marked topographic differences. The findings suggest that REM sleep slow oscillations may translate top-down homeostatic control to widely separated brain regions whereas fast oscillations synchronizing local neuronal ensembles escape this global command. These patterns of EEG oscillation changes are interpreted to reconcile two prevailing theories of the function of sleep, synaptic homeostasis and sleep dependent memory consolidation.

77 FR 58067 - Disapproval of Implementation Plan Revisions; State of California; South Coast VMT Emissions...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-19

... to the court's rejection of our interpretation of the Act and its remand of our action approving the... early in the process of developing the proposed regulation. EPA also may not issue a regulation that has... early in the process of developing the proposed regulation. This rule will not have substantial direct...

Effects of personal experiences on the interpretation of the meaning of colours used in the displays and controls in electric control panels.

PubMed

Lee, Inseok; Hwang, Won-Gue

2015-01-01

A survey was conducted to examine how personal experiences affect the interpretation of the meaning of display and control colours on electric control panels (ECPs). In Korea, the red light on ECPs represents a normal state of operation, while the green light represents a stopped state of operation; this appears to contradict the general stereotypes surrounding these colours. The survey results indicated that the participants who had experience in using ECPs interpreted the colour meaning differently from the other participant group. More than half of the experienced participants regarded the coloured displays and controls as they were designed, while most participants in the other group appeared to interpret the colours in accordance with the stereotypes. It is presumed that accidents related to human errors can occur when non-experienced people use the ECPs, which are easily accessible in many buildings. Practitioner Summary: A survey was conducted to investigate how personal experiences affect the interpretation of the function meanings of coloured lights on electrical control panels. It was found that the interpretation varies according to personal experiences, which can induce accidents related to human errors while operating electrical equipment.

29 CFR 1626.21 - Effect of opinions and interpretations of the Commission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... 1626.21 Section 1626.21 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES-AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT § 1626.21 Effect of opinions and interpretations... Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 through section 7(e)(1) of the Act, provides that: In any action or...

29 CFR 1626.21 - Effect of opinions and interpretations of the Commission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... 1626.21 Section 1626.21 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES-AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT § 1626.21 Effect of opinions and interpretations... Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 through section 7(e)(1) of the Act, provides that: In any action or...

29 CFR 1626.21 - Effect of opinions and interpretations of the Commission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... 1626.21 Section 1626.21 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES-AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT § 1626.21 Effect of opinions and interpretations... Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 through section 7(e)(1) of the Act, provides that: In any action or...

12 CFR Supplement I to Part 226 - Official Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... to Part 226 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM TRUTH IN LENDING (REGULATION Z) Pt. 226, Supp. I Supplement I to Part 226—Official Staff... interpretation issued by a duly authorized official or employee of the Federal Reserve System. 2. Procedure for...

29 CFR 790.17 - “Administrative regulation, order, ruling, approval, or interpretation.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (93 Cong. Rec. 5281). 107 That this is true on and after the effective date of the Act is clear from... Administrator's letter, not learning of the Administrator's subsequent published statement rescinding his contrary interpretations, continued to rely upon the Administrator's letter after the effective date of the...

Fluid-electrolyte responses during prolonged space flight: A review and interpretation of significant findings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leonard, J. I.

1985-01-01

The most important results of the Skylab studies related to fluid-electrolyte regulation are summarized. These data are the starting point of a systems analysis to study adaptation to the weightlessness environment. A summary of the systems analysis study, including an interpretation of Skylab results, is included.

12 CFR Supplement I to Part 205 - Official Staff Interpretations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Official Staff Interpretations I Supplement I to Part 205 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) Pt. 205, Supp. I Supplement I to Part 205—Official Staff...

29 CFR 2509.94-3 - Interpretive bulletin relating to in-kind contributions to employee benefit plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... employee benefit plans. 2509.94-3 Section 2509.94-3 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR GENERAL INTERPRETIVE BULLETINS RELATING TO...-kind contributions to employee benefit plans. (a) General. This bulletin sets forth the views of the...

Access to Electronic Information, Services, and Networks: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Library Association, Chicago, IL. Office of Intellectual Freedom.

The American Library Association (ALA) expresses the basic principles of librarianship in its "Code of Ethics" and in the "Library Bill of Rights" and its interpretations. All library system and network policies, procedures or regulations relating to electronic resources and services should be scrutinized for potential…

Generic command interpreter for robot controllers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Werner, J.

1991-04-09

Generic command interpreter programs have been written for robot controllers at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). Each interpreter program resides on a robot controller and interfaces the controller with a supervisory program on another (host) computer. We call these interpreter programs monitors because they wait, monitoring a communication line, for commands from the supervisory program. These monitors are designed to interface with the object-oriented software structure of the supervisory programs. The functions of the monitor programs are written in each robot controller's native language but reflect the object-oriented functions of the supervisory programs. These functions and other specifics of the monitormore » programs written for three different robots at SNL will be discussed. 4 refs., 4 figs.« less

An Attempt to Target Anxiety Sensitivity via Cognitive Bias Modification

PubMed Central

Clerkin, Elise M.; Beard, Courtney; Fisher, Christopher R.; Schofield, Casey A

2015-01-01

Our goals in the present study were to test an adaptation of a Cognitive Bias Modification program to reduce anxiety sensitivity, and to evaluate the causal relationships between interpretation bias of physiological cues, anxiety sensitivity, and anxiety and avoidance associated with interoceptive exposures. Participants with elevated anxiety sensitivity who endorsed having a panic attack or limited symptom attack were randomly assigned to either an Interpretation Modification Program (IMP; n = 33) or a Control (n = 32) condition. During interpretation modification training (via the Word Sentence Association Paradigm), participants read short sentences describing ambiguous panic-relevant physiological and cognitive symptoms and were trained to endorse benign interpretations and reject threatening interpretations associated with these cues. Compared to the Control condition, IMP training successfully increased endorsements of benign interpretations and decreased endorsements of threatening interpretations at visit 2. Although self-reported anxiety sensitivity decreased from pre-selection to visit 1 and from visit 1 to visit 2, the reduction was not larger for the experimental versus control condition. Further, participants in IMP (vs. Control) training did not experience less anxiety and avoidance associated with interoceptive exposures. In fact, there was some evidence that those in the Control condition experienced less avoidance following training. Potential explanations for the null findings, including problems with the benign panic-relevant stimuli and limitations with the control condition, are discussed. PMID:25692491

An attempt to target anxiety sensitivity via cognitive bias modification.

PubMed

Clerkin, Elise M; Beard, Courtney; Fisher, Christopher R; Schofield, Casey A

2015-01-01

Our goals in the present study were to test an adaptation of a Cognitive Bias Modification program to reduce anxiety sensitivity, and to evaluate the causal relationships between interpretation bias of physiological cues, anxiety sensitivity, and anxiety and avoidance associated with interoceptive exposures. Participants with elevated anxiety sensitivity who endorsed having a panic attack or limited symptom attack were randomly assigned to either an Interpretation Modification Program (IMP; n = 33) or a Control (n = 32) condition. During interpretation modification training (via the Word Sentence Association Paradigm), participants read short sentences describing ambiguous panic-relevant physiological and cognitive symptoms and were trained to endorse benign interpretations and reject threatening interpretations associated with these cues. Compared to the Control condition, IMP training successfully increased endorsements of benign interpretations and decreased endorsements of threatening interpretations at visit 2. Although self-reported anxiety sensitivity decreased from pre-selection to visit 1 and from visit 1 to visit 2, the reduction was not larger for the experimental versus control condition. Further, participants in IMP (vs. Control) training did not experience less anxiety and avoidance associated with interoceptive exposures. In fact, there was some evidence that those in the Control condition experienced less avoidance following training. Potential explanations for the null findings, including problems with the benign panic-relevant stimuli and limitations with the control condition, are discussed.

Gap Junction Regulation of Vascular Tone: Implications of Modulatory Intercellular Communication During Gestation

PubMed Central

Ampey, Bryan C.; Morschauser, Timothy J.; Lampe, Paul D.

2017-01-01

In the vasculature, gap junctions (GJ) play a multifaceted role by serving as direct conduits for cell–cell intercellular communication via the facilitated diffusion of signaling molecules. GJs are essential for the control of gene expression and coordinated vascular development in addition to vascular function. The coupling of endothelial cells to each other, as well as with vascular smooth muscle cells via GJs, plays a relevant role in the control of vasomotor tone, tissue perfusion and arterial blood pressure. The regulation of cell-signaling is paramount to cardiovascular adaptations of pregnancy. Pregnancy requires highly developed cell-to-cell coupling, which is affected partly through the formation of intercellular GJs by Cx43, a gap junction protein, within adjacent cell membranes to help facilitate the increase of uterine blood flow (UBF) in order to ensure adequate perfusion for nutrient and oxygen delivery to the placenta and thus the fetus. One mode of communication that plays a critical role in regulating Cx43 is the release of endothelial-derived vasodilators such as prostacyclin (PGI2) and nitric oxide (NO) and their respective signaling mechanisms involving second messengers (cAMP and cGMP, respectively) that are likely to be important in maintaining UBF. Therefore, the assertion we present in this review is that GJs play an integral if not a central role in maintaining UBF by controlling rises in vasodilators (PGI2 and NO) via cyclic nucleotides. In this review, we discuss: (1) GJ structure and regulation; (2) second messenger regulation of GJ phosphorylation and formation; (3) pregnancy-induced changes in cell-signaling; and (4) the role of uterine arterial endothelial GJs during gestation. These topics integrate the current knowledge of this scientific field with interpretations and hypotheses regarding the vascular effects that are mediated by GJs and their relationship with vasodilatory vascular adaptations required for modulating the dramatic physiological rises in uteroplacental perfusion and blood flow observed during normal pregnancy. PMID:25015806

Participatory workplace wellness programs: reward, penalty, and regulatory conflict.

PubMed

Pomeranz, Jennifer L

2015-06-01

POLICY POINTS: Workplace wellness programs that provide incentives for completing a health risk assessment are a form of participatory programs. There are legal and ethical concerns when employers assess penalties for not completing a health risk assessment, raising questions about the voluntariness of such a program. The Departments of Treasury, Labor, and Health and Human Services' 2013 regulations for participatory programs and employers' current practices conflict with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's prevailing interpretation of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. In keeping with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Congress revised the law related to workplace wellness programs. In June 2013, the Departments of Treasury, Labor, and Health and Human Services passed the final regulations, updating their 2006 regulatory framework. Participatory programs that reward the completion of a health risk assessment are now the most common type of wellness program in the United States. However, legal and ethical concerns emerge when employers utilize incentives that raise questions about the voluntariness of such programs. At issue is that under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, employers cannot require health-related inquiries and exams. To analyze the current interpretation of the ADA, I conducted research on both LexisNexis and federal agency websites. The resulting article evaluates the differences in the language of Congress's enabling legislation and the federal departments' regulations and how they may conflict with the ADA. It also reviews the federal government's authority to address both the legal conflict and ethical concerns related to nonvoluntary participatory programs. Employers' practices and the federal departments' regulations conflict with the current interpretation of the ADA by permitting employers to penalize employees who do not complete a health risk assessment. The departments' regulations may be interpreted as conflicting with Congress's legislation, which mentions penalties only for health-contingent wellness programs. Furthermore, the regulatory protections for employees applicable to health-contingent wellness programs do not apply to participatory programs. Either Congress or the federal agencies should address the conflict among employers' practices, the wellness regulations, and the ADA and also consider additional protections for employees. Employers can avoid ethical and legal complications by offering voluntary programs with positive incentives. © 2015 Milbank Memorial Fund.

29 CFR 785.44 - Civic and charitable work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY OR INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS HOURS WORKED Application of Principles... working time. However, time spent voluntarily in such activities outside of the employee's normal working...

19 CFR 10.11 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... interpretative regulations adopted by the Commissioner of Customs pertaining to the construction of subheading... law. These provisions concern claims for the exemption from duty provided by subheading 9802.00.80... definitions and regulations that follow are promulgated to inform the public of the constructions and...

19 CFR 10.11 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... interpretative regulations adopted by the Commissioner of Customs pertaining to the construction of subheading... law. These provisions concern claims for the exemption from duty provided by subheading 9802.00.80... definitions and regulations that follow are promulgated to inform the public of the constructions and...

19 CFR 10.11 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... interpretative regulations adopted by the Commissioner of Customs pertaining to the construction of subheading... law. These provisions concern claims for the exemption from duty provided by subheading 9802.00.80... definitions and regulations that follow are promulgated to inform the public of the constructions and...

19 CFR 10.11 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... interpretative regulations adopted by the Commissioner of Customs pertaining to the construction of subheading... law. These provisions concern claims for the exemption from duty provided by subheading 9802.00.80... definitions and regulations that follow are promulgated to inform the public of the constructions and...

19 CFR 10.11 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... interpretative regulations adopted by the Commissioner of Customs pertaining to the construction of subheading... law. These provisions concern claims for the exemption from duty provided by subheading 9802.00.80... definitions and regulations that follow are promulgated to inform the public of the constructions and...

Physiological controls of large‐scale patterning in planarian regeneration: a molecular and computational perspective on growth and form

PubMed Central

Durant, Fallon; Lobo, Daniel; Hammelman, Jennifer

2016-01-01

Abstract Planaria are complex metazoans that repair damage to their bodies and cease remodeling when a correct anatomy has been achieved. This model system offers a unique opportunity to understand how large‐scale anatomical homeostasis emerges from the activities of individual cells. Much progress has been made on the molecular genetics of stem cell activity in planaria. However, recent data also indicate that the global pattern is regulated by physiological circuits composed of ionic and neurotransmitter signaling. Here, we overview the multi‐scale problem of understanding pattern regulation in planaria, with specific focus on bioelectric signaling via ion channels and gap junctions (electrical synapses), and computational efforts to extract explanatory models from functional and molecular data on regeneration. We present a perspective that interprets results in this fascinating field using concepts from dynamical systems theory and computational neuroscience. Serving as a tractable nexus between genetic, physiological, and computational approaches to pattern regulation, planarian pattern homeostasis harbors many deep insights for regenerative medicine, evolutionary biology, and engineering. PMID:27499881

Evaluating Change in Beliefs About the Importance/Control of Thoughts as a Mediator of CBM-I and Responses to an ICT Stressor.

PubMed

Clerkin, Elise M; Magee, Joshua C; Parsons, E Marie

2014-10-01

This study evaluated an adaptation of a Cognitive Bias Modification-Interpretation (CBM-I) procedure designed to shift interpretations of intrusive thoughts related to beliefs about the Importance and Control of Thoughts (ICT). Individuals high in the ICT belief domain were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: (a) a positive (n = 38) condition in which scenarios about intrusive thoughts were repeatedly paired with benign interpretations; or (b) a control (n = 39) condition in which scenarios about intrusive thoughts were paired with 50% benign and 50% threatening interpretations. Further, participants engaged in an ICT stressor task. Structural equation modeling with bias-corrected bootstrapping was used to examine the effects of training on ICT-relevant interpretations, beliefs, and ICT stressor responding. As predicted, individuals in a positive (vs. control) training condition reported decreases in ICT-relevant interpretations and beliefs. Further, there was a small, statistically significant indirect (i.e., mediated) effect of training on measures of ICT stressor responding, which occurred via decreases in ICT-relevant beliefs. In sum, results indicate that training was effective in influencing interpretations and beliefs tied to Importance/Control of Thoughts and that there may be clinical utility to shifting this belief domain.

Evaluating Change in Beliefs About the Importance/Control of Thoughts as a Mediator of CBM-I and Responses to an ICT Stressor

PubMed Central

Clerkin, Elise M.; Magee, Joshua C.; Parsons, E. Marie

2014-01-01

This study evaluated an adaptation of a Cognitive Bias Modification-Interpretation (CBM-I) procedure designed to shift interpretations of intrusive thoughts related to beliefs about the Importance and Control of Thoughts (ICT). Individuals high in the ICT belief domain were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: (a) a positive (n = 38) condition in which scenarios about intrusive thoughts were repeatedly paired with benign interpretations; or (b) a control (n = 39) condition in which scenarios about intrusive thoughts were paired with 50% benign and 50% threatening interpretations. Further, participants engaged in an ICT stressor task. Structural equation modeling with bias-corrected bootstrapping was used to examine the effects of training on ICT-relevant interpretations, beliefs, and ICT stressor responding. As predicted, individuals in a positive (vs. control) training condition reported decreases in ICT-relevant interpretations and beliefs. Further, there was a small, statistically significant indirect (i.e., mediated) effect of training on measures of ICT stressor responding, which occurred via decreases in ICT-relevant beliefs. In sum, results indicate that training was effective in influencing interpretations and beliefs tied to Importance/Control of Thoughts and that there may be clinical utility to shifting this belief domain. PMID:25414811

T.D. v. New York State Office of Mental Health.

PubMed

1995-02-28

The New York Supreme Court for New York County determined that a state regulation allowing substituted consent to research on mentally ill individuals by a spouse, parent, adult child or sibling, guardian, or authorized committee did not apply to nonfederally funded research. The court was asked by a group of involuntary state mental patients to decide on the validity of state regulations concerning participation in potentially high risk experimentation without consent. The patients, who were incapable of giving informed consent, claimed that their right to refuse treatment based on autonomy, privacy, due process, and equal protection was violated by provisions allowing substituted consent by third party decision makers. The court interpreted federal regulations on research and state regulations on public health and mental health as they applied to both federally funded and nonfederally funded, possibly therapeutic and nontherapeutic, research using non-FDA approved psychotropic drugs that could cause stroke, heart attack, convulsions, hallucinations, or death. The court found first, that the state mental health regulations covered the care, treatment, and rehabilitation of the mentally ill generally; second, that the state public health regulations specifically governed research on human subjects; and third, that the federal regulations controlled federally funded research unless state or local law provides additional protection. But in this case the state public health regulations did not apply to the federally funded research due to an exemption by the state legislature, but did apply to the nonfederally funded research, because not all the federal requirements had been met. The state mental health regulation on substituted consent was enacted without authority and thus was found to be invalid.

Ethics of placebo-controlled clinical trials in multiple sclerosis: a reassessment.

PubMed

Polman, C H; Reingold, S C; Barkhof, F; Calabresi, P A; Clanet, M; Cohen, J A; Cutter, G R; Freedman, M S; Kappos, L; Lublin, F D; McFarland, H F; Metz, L M; Miller, A E; Montalban, X; O'Connor, P W; Panitch, H; Richert, J R; Petkau, J; Schwid, S R; Sormani, M P; Thompson, A J; Weinshenker, B G; Wolinsky, J S

2008-03-25

The increasing number of established effective therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) and emerging consensus for early treatment raise practical concerns and ethical dilemmas for placebo-controlled clinical trials in this disease. An international group of clinicians, ethicists, statisticians, regulators, and representatives from the pharmaceutical industry convened to reconsider prior recommendations regarding the ethics of placebo-controlled trials in MS. The group concluded that placebo-controlled trials can still be done ethically, with restrictions. For patients with relapsing MS for which established effective therapies exist, placebo-controlled trials should only be offered with rigorous informed consent if the subjects refuse to use these treatments, have not responded to them, or if these treatments are not available to them for other reasons (e.g., economics). Suggestions are provided to protect subject autonomy and improve informed consent procedures. Recommendations are tighter than previously suggested for placebo-controlled trials in "resource-restricted" environments where established therapies may not be available. Guidance is also provided on the ethics of alternative trial designs and the balance between study subject burden and risk, scientific rationale and interpretability of trial outcomes.

Environment and enforcement: Regulation and the social definition of pollution

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hawkins, K.

1984-01-01

Hawkins is engaged in ''interpretative sociology'' based on a 30 month field study of enforcement by water pollution control officers in Britain. He isolates two polar styles, a ''compliance strategy'' which is ''conciliatory and relies upon bargaining'' with polluters to achieve compliance with standards, and a ''sanctioning strategy'' which is ''accusatory and adversarial'' and focuses primarily on ''whether a law has been broken and whether an offender can be detected.'' Although the formal law calls for strict liability and criminal penalties for violations, in fact prosecutions are a ''last resort'' and brought only when a polluter's actions are judged ''normallymore » deviant.''« less

The perianesthesia experience from the patient's perspective.

PubMed

Susleck, Dacia; Willocks, Amy; Secrest, Janet; Norwood, Barbara K; Holweger, Jerri; Davis, Marissa; Myhan, Garret; Trimpey, Margaret

2007-02-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perianesthesia experience from the patient's perspective. An existential phenomenological approach using Pollio's interpretive framework was used. Interpretations were conducted, in part, in a research group. The purpose of the interpretation was to recognize patterns or themes in an experience. Participants were asked to describe specific experiences that stood out for them because experiences which stand out are those that are meaningful. Ten participants (5 males, 5 females) ranging in age from 23 to 66 years were interviewed using phenomenological techniques. The interpretation found the perianesthesia experience to be grounded in self, others, and time, which become figural through experiences of control. Each participant relinquished control, lost control, or strove to gain or maintain control during their surgical experience. The perception of death lurking crossed into figural experiences as well. Images of death, while grouped predominantly with self, were interpreted as the ultimate loss of self, others, and time. Loss of control of self, the relinquishing of control to others, and the temporal experience of control may contribute to perianesthesia stress and anxiety. Nurses in the perianesthesia period have many opportunities to help patients with issues of control.

Power spectrum scale invariance identifies prefrontal dysregulation in paranoid schizophrenia.

PubMed

Radulescu, Anca R; Rubin, Denis; Strey, Helmut H; Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R

2012-07-01

Theory and experimental evidence suggest that complex living systems function close to the boundary of chaos, with erroneous organization to an improper dynamical range (too stiff or chaotic) underlying system-wide dysregulation and disease. We hypothesized that erroneous organization might therefore also characterize paranoid schizophrenia, via optimization abnormalities in the prefrontal-limbic circuit regulating emotion. To test this, we acquired fMRI scans from 35 subjects (N = 9 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and N = 26 healthy controls), while they viewed affect-valent stimuli. To quantify dynamic regulation, we analyzed the power spectrum scale invariance (PSSI) of fMRI time-courses and computed the geometry of time-delay (Poincaré) maps, a measure of variability. Patients and controls showed distinct PSSI in two clusters (k(1) : Z = 4.3215, P = 0.00002 and k(2) : Z = 3.9441, P = 0.00008), localized to the orbitofrontal/medial prefrontal cortex (Brodmann Area 10), represented by β close to white noise in patients (β ≈ 0) and in the pink noise range in controls (β ≈ -1). Interpreting the meaning of PSSI differences, the Poincaré maps indicated less variability in patients than controls (Z = -1.9437, P = 0.05 for k(1) ; Z = -2.5099, P = 0.01 for k(2) ). That the dynamics identified Brodmann Area 10 is consistent with previous schizophrenia research, which implicates this area in deficits of working memory, executive functioning, emotional regulation and underlying biological abnormalities in synaptic (glutamatergic) transmission. Our results additionally cohere with a large body of work finding pink noise to be the normal range of central function at the synaptic, cellular, and small network levels, and suggest that patients show less supple responsivity of this region. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

29 CFR 570.7 - Documentary evidence required for issuance of a certificate of age.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Documentary evidence required for issuance of a certificate of age. 570.7 Section 570.7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS CHILD LABOR REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION Certificates of Age § 570.7 Documentary evidence...

29 CFR 570.7 - Documentary evidence required for issuance of a certificate of age.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Documentary evidence required for issuance of a certificate of age. 570.7 Section 570.7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS CHILD LABOR REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION Certificates of Age § 570.7 Documentary evidence...

29 CFR 570.7 - Documentary evidence required for issuance of a certificate of age.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Documentary evidence required for issuance of a certificate of age. 570.7 Section 570.7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS CHILD LABOR REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION Certificates of Age § 570.7 Documentary evidence...

29 CFR 570.7 - Documentary evidence required for issuance of a certificate of age.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Documentary evidence required for issuance of a certificate of age. 570.7 Section 570.7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS CHILD LABOR REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION Certificates of Age § 570.7 Documentary evidence...

29 CFR 570.7 - Documentary evidence required for issuance of a certificate of age.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Documentary evidence required for issuance of a certificate of age. 570.7 Section 570.7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS CHILD LABOR REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION Certificates of Age § 570.7 Documentary evidence...

Extracellular matrix control of mammary gland morphogenesis and tumorigenesis: insights from imaging

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ghajar, Cyrus M; Bissell, Mina J

2008-10-23

The extracellular matrix (ECM), once thought to solely provide physical support to a tissue, is a key component of a cell's microenvironment responsible for directing cell fate and maintaining tissue specificity. It stands to reason, then, that changes in the ECM itself or in how signals from the ECM are presented to or interpreted by cells can disrupt tissue organization; the latter is a necessary step for malignant progression. In this review, we elaborate on this concept using the mammary gland as an example. We describe how the ECM directs mammary gland formation and function, and discuss how a cell'smore » inability to interpret these signals - whether as a result of genetic insults or physicochemical alterations in the ECM - disorganizes the gland and promotes malignancy. By restoring context and forcing cells to properly interpret these native signals, aberrant behavior can be quelled and organization re-established. Traditional imaging approaches have been a key complement to the standard biochemical, molecular, and cell biology approaches used in these studies. Utilizing imaging modalities with enhanced spatial resolution in live tissues may uncover additional means by which the ECM regulates tissue structure, on different length scales, through its pericellular organization (short-scale) and by biasing morphogenic and morphostatic gradients (long-scale).« less

Relationship of CD86 surface marker expression and cytotoxicity on dendritic cells exposed to chemical allergen

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hulette, Ben C.; Ryan, Cindy A.; Gildea, Lucy A.

2005-12-01

Human peripheral blood-derived dendritic cells (DC) respond to a variety of chemical allergens by up-regulating expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD86. It has been postulated that this measure might provide the basis for an in vitro alternative approach for the identification of skin sensitizing chemicals. We recently reported that DC, exposed in culture to the highest non-cytotoxic concentrations of various chemical allergens, displayed marginal up-regulation of membrane CD86 expression; the interpretation being that such changes were insufficiently sensitive for the purposes of hazard identification. For the work presented here, immature DC were derived from human monocytes and treated with themore » chemical allergens 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS), nickel sulfate (NiSO{sub 4}), p-phenylenediamine (PPD), Bandrowski's base (BB), hydroquinone (HQ) and propyl gallate (PG) for 48 h at concentrations which induced both no to slight to moderate cytotoxicity. For comparison, DC were treated with the irritants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), benzoic acid (BA), and benzalkonium chloride (BZC) at concentrations resulting in comparable levels of cytotoxicity. CD86 expression, as measured by flow cytometry, was consistently up-regulated (ranging from 162 to 386% control) on DC treated with concentrations of chemical allergens that induced approximately 10-15% cytotoxicity. The irritants BA and BZC did not induce up-regulation of CD86 expression when tested at concentrations that induced similar levels of cytotoxicity. SDS, however, up-regulated CD86 expression to 125-138% of control in 2/4 preparations when tested at concentrations which induced similar toxicity. Our results confirm that chemical allergens up-regulate CD86 expression on blood-derived DC and illustrate further that up-regulation of CD86 surface marker expression is more robust when DC are treated with concentrations of chemical allergen that induce slight to moderate cytotoxicity.« less

12 CFR 40.17 - Relation to State laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... statute, regulation, order, or interpretation affords any consumer is greater than the protection provided... Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL.... (b) Greater protection under State law. For purposes of this section, a State statute, regulation...

Private Speech and Self-Regulation: A Commentary on Frauenglass and Diaz.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frawley, William; Lantolf, James P.

1986-01-01

Critiques an earlier article by M. Frauenglass and R. Diaz reporting their study on the interaction between private speech and cognition. Argues that their interpretation fails to regard how private speech is seen to regulate cognitive activity within Vygotskian psycholinguistic theory. (HOD)

ISOFORMS OF VITAMIN E DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATE INFLAMMATION

PubMed Central

Cook-Mills, Joan M.; McCary, Christine A.

2011-01-01

Vitamin E regulation of disease has been extensively studied in humans, animal models and cell systems. Most of these studies focus on the α-tocopherol isoform of vitamin E. These reports indicate contradictory outcomes for anti-inflammatory functions of the α-tocopherol isoform of vitamin E, especially with regards to clinical studies of asthma and atherosclerosis. These seemingly disparate clinical results are consistent with recently reported unrecognized properties of isoforms of vitamin E. Recently, it has been reported that physiological levels of purified natural forms of vitamin E have opposing regulatory functions during inflammation. These opposing regulatory functions by physiological levels of vitamin E isoforms impact interpretations of previous studies on vitamin E. Moreover, additional recent studies also indicate that the effects of vitamin E isoforms on inflammation are only partially reversible using physiological levels of a vitamin E isoform with opposing immunoregulatory function. Thus, this further influences interpretations of previous studies with vitamin E in which there was inflammation and substantial vitamin E isoforms present before the initiation of the study. In summary, this review will discuss regulation of inflammation by vitamin E, including alternative interpretations of previous studies in the literature with regards to vitamin E isoforms. PMID:20923401

17 CFR 1.8 - Requests for interpretation of swaps, security-based swaps, and mixed swaps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... swaps, security-based swaps, and mixed swaps. 1.8 Section 1.8 Commodity and Securities Exchanges... Requests for interpretation of swaps, security-based swaps, and mixed swaps. (a) In general. Any person may... Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; or (3) A mixed swap, as that term is...

17 CFR 1.8 - Requests for interpretation of swaps, security-based swaps, and mixed swaps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... swaps, security-based swaps, and mixed swaps. 1.8 Section 1.8 Commodity and Securities Exchanges... Requests for interpretation of swaps, security-based swaps, and mixed swaps. (a) In general. Any person may... Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; or (3) A mixed swap, as that term is...

76 FR 45480 - Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act; Interpretation of the “Advice” Exemption

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-29

... Employer Report and to the Form LM-20 Agreement and Activities Report. The comment period, which was to... by the public via the http://www.regulations.gov Web site. It is the responsibility of the commenter... interpretation of a statutory provision relating to the administration and enforcement of the employer and labor...

75 FR 80746 - Interpretation of Rest Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-23

... http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/ ; or (3) Accessing the Government Printing Office's Web page....A.A., 291 F.3d 49 (DC Cir. 2002) (upholding the validity of the Whitlow Letter). See, e.g., Mar. 18... 121.471(g) and 135.263(d) is interpreted in two different ways. See Air Transport Ass'n, 291 F.3d at...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 741 - Interpretive Ruling and Policy Statement on Loan Workouts, Nonaccrual Policy, and Regulatory...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Loan Workouts, Nonaccrual Policy, and Regulatory Reporting of Troubled Debt Restructured Loans C Appendix C to Part 741 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS REQUIREMENTS FOR INSURANCE Pt. 741, App. C Appendix C to Part 741—Interpretive Ruling and Policy...

Dissociable Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Modulation of Pain and Anxiety? An fMRI Pilot Study

PubMed Central

Moseley, Graham Lorimer; Berna, Chantal; Ploner, Markus; Tracey, Irene

2014-01-01

The down-regulation of pain through beliefs is commonly discussed as a form of emotion regulation. In line with this interpretation, the analgesic effect has been shown to co-occur with reduced anxiety and increased activity in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), which is a key region of emotion regulation. This link between pain and anxiety modulation raises the question whether the two effects are rooted in the same neural mechanism. In this pilot fMRI study, we compared the neural basis of the analgesic and anxiolytic effect of two types of threat modulation: a “behavioral control” paradigm, which involves the ability to terminate a noxious stimulus, and a “safety signaling” paradigm, which involves visual cues that signal the threat (or absence of threat) that a subsequent noxious stimulus might be of unusually high intensity. Analgesia was paralleled by VLPFC activity during behavioral control. Safety signaling engaged elements of the descending pain control system, including the rostral anterior cingulate cortex that showed increased functional connectivity with the periaqueductal gray and VLPFC. Anxiety reduction, in contrast, scaled with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation during behavioral control but had no distinct neural signature during safety signaling. Our pilot data therefore suggest that analgesic and anxiolytic effects are instantiated in distinguishable neural mechanisms and differ between distinct stress- and pain-modulatory approaches, supporting the recent notion of multiple pathways subserving top-down modulation of the pain experience. Additional studies in larger cohorts are needed to follow up on these preliminary findings. PMID:25502237

31 CFR 598.401 - Reference to amended sections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Reference to amended sections. 598.401 Section 598.401 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... REGULATIONS Interpretations § 598.401 Reference to amended sections. Except as otherwise specified, reference...

31 CFR 598.405 - Transactions incidental to a licensed transaction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... transaction. 598.405 Section 598.405 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... REGULATIONS Interpretations § 598.405 Transactions incidental to a licensed transaction. Any transaction... transactions by specially designated narcotics traffickers and debits to accounts blocked pursuant to § 598.202...

31 CFR 598.405 - Transactions incidental to a licensed transaction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... transaction. 598.405 Section 598.405 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... REGULATIONS Interpretations § 598.405 Transactions incidental to a licensed transaction. Any transaction... transactions by specially designated narcotics traffickers and debits to accounts blocked pursuant to § 598.202...

31 CFR 598.405 - Transactions incidental to a licensed transaction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... transaction. 598.405 Section 598.405 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... REGULATIONS Interpretations § 598.405 Transactions incidental to a licensed transaction. Any transaction... transactions by specially designated narcotics traffickers and debits to accounts blocked pursuant to § 598.202...

31 CFR 598.405 - Transactions incidental to a licensed transaction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... transaction. 598.405 Section 598.405 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... REGULATIONS Interpretations § 598.405 Transactions incidental to a licensed transaction. Any transaction... transactions by specially designated narcotics traffickers and debits to accounts blocked pursuant to § 598.202...

31 CFR 598.405 - Transactions incidental to a licensed transaction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... transaction. 598.405 Section 598.405 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... REGULATIONS Interpretations § 598.405 Transactions incidental to a licensed transaction. Any transaction... transactions by specially designated narcotics traffickers and debits to accounts blocked pursuant to § 598.202...

29 CFR 780.509 - Agriculture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Agriculture. 780.509 Section 780.509 Labor Regulations... INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS EXEMPTIONS APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURE, PROCESSING OF... Section 13(a)(14) Shade-Grown Tobacco § 780.509 Agriculture. The definition of “agriculture,” as contained...

29 CFR 780.509 - Agriculture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Agriculture. 780.509 Section 780.509 Labor Regulations... INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS EXEMPTIONS APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURE, PROCESSING OF... Section 13(a)(14) Shade-Grown Tobacco § 780.509 Agriculture. The definition of “agriculture,” as contained...

29 CFR 780.509 - Agriculture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Agriculture. 780.509 Section 780.509 Labor Regulations... INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS EXEMPTIONS APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURE, PROCESSING OF... Section 13(a)(14) Shade-Grown Tobacco § 780.509 Agriculture. The definition of “agriculture,” as contained...

29 CFR 780.509 - Agriculture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Agriculture. 780.509 Section 780.509 Labor Regulations... INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS EXEMPTIONS APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURE, PROCESSING OF... Section 13(a)(14) Shade-Grown Tobacco § 780.509 Agriculture. The definition of “agriculture,” as contained...

29 CFR 780.509 - Agriculture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Agriculture. 780.509 Section 780.509 Labor Regulations... INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS EXEMPTIONS APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURE, PROCESSING OF... Section 13(a)(14) Shade-Grown Tobacco § 780.509 Agriculture. The definition of “agriculture,” as contained...

31 CFR 510.404 - Transactions ordinarily incident to a licensed transaction authorized.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... licensed transaction authorized. 510.404 Section 510.404 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... KOREA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 510.404 Transactions ordinarily incident to a licensed... blocked pursuant to § 510.201(b); or (b) An ordinarily incident transaction, not explicitly authorized...

31 CFR 510.404 - Transactions ordinarily incident to a licensed transaction authorized.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... licensed transaction authorized. 510.404 Section 510.404 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... KOREA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 510.404 Transactions ordinarily incident to a licensed... blocked pursuant to § 510.201(b); or (b) An ordinarily incident transaction, not explicitly authorized...

31 CFR 510.404 - Transactions ordinarily incident to a licensed transaction authorized.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... licensed transaction authorized. 510.404 Section 510.404 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... KOREA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 510.404 Transactions ordinarily incident to a licensed... blocked pursuant to § 510.201(b); or (b) An ordinarily incident transaction, not explicitly authorized...

Review of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for Automated Commercial Vehicles: Preliminary Assessment of Interpretation and Enforcement Challenges, Questions, and Gaps

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2018-03-01

The Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe) reviewed the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs) to identify compliance and enforcement challenges related to the operation of automated commercial vehicles (CMVs) in interstate c...

20 CFR 410.670c - Application of circuit court law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Section 410.670c Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL COAL MINE HEALTH AND SAFETY... the Social Security Act or regulations unless the Government seeks further review or the... with the Administration's interpretation of a provision of the Social Security Act or regulations and...

Interpretation of Self-Talk and Post-Lecture Affective States of Higher Education Students: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oliver, Emily J.; Markland, David; Hardy, James

2010-01-01

Background: Self-determination theory posits that informational versus controlling interpretations of intra-personal events have positive and negative implications, respectively, for well-being. Self-talk represents an intra-personal event that could be interpreted as informational or controlling and may attenuate or exacerbate the negative…

29 CFR 780.317 - Man-day exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Man-day exclusion. 780.317 Section 780.317 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY OR INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS EXEMPTIONS APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURE, PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AND RELATED...

29 CFR 780.309 - Man-day exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Man-day exclusion. 780.309 Section 780.309 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY OR INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS EXEMPTIONS APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURE, PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AND RELATED...

12 CFR 225.142 - Statement of policy concerning bank holding companies engaging in futures, forward and options...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... guidelines for banks that engage in financial contract activities. Since the Financial Accounting Standards... (REGULATION Y) Regulations Financial Holding Companies Interpretations § 225.142 Statement of policy... agency securities and money market instruments. (a) Purpose of financial contract positions. In...

12 CFR 216.17 - Relation to State laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... this part if the protection such statute, regulation, order, or interpretation affords any consumer is... CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Relation to Other Laws; Effective Date § 216.17 Relation to... only to the extent of the inconsistency. (b) Greater protection under State law. For purposes of this...

29 CFR 783.8 - “Person”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false âPersonâ. 783.8 Section 783.8 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY OR INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS APPLICATION OF THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT TO EMPLOYEES...

29 CFR 785.19 - Meal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Meal. 785.19 Section 785.19 Labor Regulations Relating to... INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS HOURS WORKED Application of Principles Rest and Meal Periods § 785.19 Meal. (a) Bona fide meal periods. Bona fide meal periods are not worktime. Bona fide meal...

29 CFR 785.19 - Meal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Meal. 785.19 Section 785.19 Labor Regulations Relating to... INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS HOURS WORKED Application of Principles Rest and Meal Periods § 785.19 Meal. (a) Bona fide meal periods. Bona fide meal periods are not worktime. Bona fide meal...

RTI and Other Approaches to SLD Identification under the IDEA: A Legal Update

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zirkel, Perry A.

2017-01-01

This article provides a concise and objective synthesis of the federal legislation, regulations, and agency policy interpretations; state laws; and case law, including hearing officer and complaint investigation decisions, concerning specific learning disability (SLD) identification since the 2006 IDEA regulations. The results reveal wide latitude…

76 FR 79441 - Equal Credit Opportunity (Regulation B)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-21

... Regulations, at (202) 435-7700. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background The Equal Credit Opportunity Act... 1061(b)(5)(C)(i). III. Legal Authority A. Rulemaking Authority The Bureau is issuing this interim final... Notification Forms Appendix D to Part 1002--Issuance of Official Interpretations Supplement I to Part 1002...

31 CFR 537.410 - Contracts and subcontracts regarding economic development of resources in Burma.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... economic development of resources in Burma. 537.410 Section 537.410 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... BURMESE SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 537.410 Contracts and subcontracts regarding economic... supervision and guarantee of another person's performance of a contract that includes the economic development...

31 CFR 537.412 - Investments in entities involved in economic development projects in Burma.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... economic development projects in Burma. 537.412 Section 537.412 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... BURMESE SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 537.412 Investments in entities involved in economic... economic development of resources located in Burma is prohibited by § 537.204 where the company's profits...

29 CFR 570.11 - Continued acceptability of certificates of age.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Continued acceptability of certificates of age. 570.11... REGULATIONS CHILD LABOR REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION Certificates of Age § 570.11 Continued acceptability of certificates of age. (a) Whenever a person duly authorized to make investigations...

29 CFR 570.11 - Continued acceptability of certificates of age.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Continued acceptability of certificates of age. 570.11... REGULATIONS CHILD LABOR REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION Certificates of Age § 570.11 Continued acceptability of certificates of age. (a) Whenever a person duly authorized to make investigations...

29 CFR 570.11 - Continued acceptability of certificates of age.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Continued acceptability of certificates of age. 570.11... REGULATIONS CHILD LABOR REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION Certificates of Age § 570.11 Continued acceptability of certificates of age. (a) Whenever a person duly authorized to make investigations...

29 CFR 570.11 - Continued acceptability of certificates of age.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Continued acceptability of certificates of age. 570.11... REGULATIONS CHILD LABOR REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS OF INTERPRETATION Certificates of Age § 570.11 Continued acceptability of certificates of age. (a) Whenever a person duly authorized to make investigations...

A Guide to Disbursement, Refund, and Repayment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guthrie, Marty; Rappaport, Renee

Guidelines are provided to assist in the interpretation of the regulatory requirements regarding disbursement of funds to students under Title IV student aid programs. Attention is also directed to the higher education community's self-regulation initiatives regarding refund and repayment, as well as the Department of Education's regulations in…

12 CFR 225.118 - Computer services for customers of subsidiary banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Computer services for customers of subsidiary... (REGULATION Y) Regulations Financial Holding Companies Interpretations § 225.118 Computer services for.... (b) The Board understood from the facts presented that the service company owns a computer which it...

12 CFR 225.118 - Computer services for customers of subsidiary banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Computer services for customers of subsidiary... (REGULATION Y) Regulations Financial Holding Companies Interpretations § 225.118 Computer services for.... (b) The Board understood from the facts presented that the service company owns a computer which it...

29 CFR 531.59 - The tip wage credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false The tip wage credit. 531.59 Section 531.59 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938 Interpretations Payment of Wages to Tipped Employees...

Spotlight on Clinical Trial Sponsorship

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mounce, Doug; Curci, Frank X.; Fortenbery, Joshua B.

2016-01-01

What liability is associated with assuming the role of the "sponsor" in a clinical trial? This article discusses the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations governing sponsorship, and how courts have interpreted those regulations in cases with a claim of injury. There is a natural concern with the responsibility implied by…

46 CFR 545.2 - Interpretation of Shipping Act of 1984-Unpaid ocean freight charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Interpretation of Shipping Act of 1984-Unpaid ocean freight charges. 545.2 Section 545.2 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AFFECTING OCEAN... Act of 1984—Unpaid ocean freight charges. Section 10(a)(1) of the Shipping Act of 1984 (46 U.S.C...

46 CFR 545.2 - Interpretation of Shipping Act of 1984-Unpaid ocean freight charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Interpretation of Shipping Act of 1984-Unpaid ocean freight charges. 545.2 Section 545.2 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AFFECTING OCEAN... Act of 1984—Unpaid ocean freight charges. Section 10(a)(1) of the Shipping Act of 1984 (46 U.S.C...

46 CFR 545.2 - Interpretation of Shipping Act of 1984-Unpaid ocean freight charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Interpretation of Shipping Act of 1984-Unpaid ocean freight charges. 545.2 Section 545.2 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AFFECTING OCEAN... Act of 1984—Unpaid ocean freight charges. Section 10(a)(1) of the Shipping Act of 1984 (46 U.S.C...

46 CFR 545.2 - Interpretation of Shipping Act of 1984-Unpaid ocean freight charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Interpretation of Shipping Act of 1984-Unpaid ocean freight charges. 545.2 Section 545.2 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AFFECTING OCEAN... Act of 1984—Unpaid ocean freight charges. Section 10(a)(1) of the Shipping Act of 1984 (46 U.S.C...

46 CFR 545.2 - Interpretation of Shipping Act of 1984-Unpaid ocean freight charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Interpretation of Shipping Act of 1984-Unpaid ocean freight charges. 545.2 Section 545.2 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AFFECTING OCEAN... Act of 1984—Unpaid ocean freight charges. Section 10(a)(1) of the Shipping Act of 1984 (46 U.S.C...

29 CFR 1621.4 - Effect of opinions and interpretations of the Commission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... 1621.4 Section 1621.4 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES-THE EQUAL PAY ACT § 1621.4 Effect of opinions and interpretations of the Commission. (a) Section 10 of the Portal to Portal Act of 1947, 29 U.S.C. 255, which applies to the Equal Pay Act of 1963...

75 FR 60134 - Withdrawal of Notice of Proposed Interpretation of the Expression “Sold For Exportation to the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-29

...) on a monthly basis and, in turn, the ITC was required to submit a report to Congress within 90 days of receiving CBP's final report. Congress also stated in the Act that, prior to January 1, 2011, CBP... Legislation and Implementing Regulations After CBP published its proposed interpretation document, Congress...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart S of... - Interpretive Ruling for § 85.1803-Remedial Plans

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...—Remedial Plans The purpose of this rule is to set forth EPA's interpretation regarding one aspect of a... Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7641(c)(1). This rule will provide guidance to vehicle and engine manufacturers... conform to the regulations prescribed under section 202 when in actual use throughout their useful lives...

Cross-Cultural Study of Information Processing Biases in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Comparison of Dutch and UK Chronic Fatigue Patients.

PubMed

Hughes, Alicia M; Hirsch, Colette R; Nikolaus, Stephanie; Chalder, Trudie; Knoop, Hans; Moss-Morris, Rona

2018-02-01

This study aims to replicate a UK study, with a Dutch sample to explore whether attention and interpretation biases and general attentional control deficits in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are similar across populations and cultures. Thirty eight Dutch CFS participants were compared to 52 CFS and 51 healthy participants recruited from the UK. Participants completed self-report measures of symptoms, functioning, and mood, as well as three experimental tasks (i) visual-probe task measuring attentional bias to illness (somatic symptoms and disability) versus neutral words, (ii) interpretive bias task measuring positive versus somatic interpretations of ambiguous information, and (iii) the Attention Network Test measuring general attentional control. Compared to controls, Dutch and UK participants with CFS showed a significant attentional bias for illness-related words and were significantly more likely to interpret ambiguous information in a somatic way. These effects were not moderated by attentional control. There were no significant differences between the Dutch and UK CFS groups on attentional bias, interpretation bias, or attentional control scores. This study replicated the main findings of the UK study, with a Dutch CFS population, indicating that across these two cultures, people with CFS demonstrate biases in how somatic information is attended to and interpreted. These illness-specific biases appear to be unrelated to general attentional control deficits.

Sexual self-regulation and cognitive absorption as factors of sexual response toward virtual characters.

PubMed

Renaud, Patrice; Trottier, Dominique; Nolet, Kevin; Rouleau, Joanne L; Goyette, Mathieu; Bouchard, Stéphane

2014-04-01

The eye movements and penile responses of 20 male participants were recorded while they were immersed with virtual sexual stimuli. These participants were divided into two groups according to their capacity to focus their attention in immersion (high and low focus). In order to understand sexual self-regulation better, we subjected participants to three experimental conditions: (a) immersion with a preferred sexual stimulus, without sexual inhibition; (b) immersion with a preferred sexual stimulus, with sexual inhibition; and (c) immersion with a neutral stimulus. A significant difference was observed between the effects of each condition on erectile response and scanpath. The groups differed on self-regulation of their erectile responses and on their scanpath patterns. High focus participants had more difficulties than low focus participants with inhibiting their sexual responses and displayed less scattered eye movement trajectories over the critical areas of the virtual sexual stimuli. Results are interpreted in terms of sexual self-regulation and cognitive absorption in virtual immersion. In addition, the use of validated virtual sexual stimuli is presented as a methodological improvement over static and moving pictures, since it paves the way for the study of the role of social interaction in an ecologically valid and well-controlled way.

Experiential avoidance as an emotion regulatory function: an empirical analysis of experiential avoidance in relation to behavioral avoidance, cognitive reappraisal, and response suppression.

PubMed

Wolgast, Martin; Lundh, Lars-Gunnar; Viborg, Gardar

2013-01-01

The purpose of the present study was to empirically test the suggestion that experiential avoidance in an emotion regulation context is best understood as an emotion regulatory function of topographically distinct strategies. To do this we examined whether a measure of experiential avoidance could statistically account for the effects of emotion regulation strategies intervening at different points of the emotion-generative process as conceptualized by Gross' (1998) process model of emotion regulation. The strategies under examination were behavioral avoidance, cognitive reappraisal, and response suppression. The specific hypotheses to be tested were (1) that behavioral avoidance, cognitive reappraisal, and response suppression would statistically mediate the differences in measures of psychological well-being between a clinical and nonclinical sample, but that (2) these indirect effects would be reduced to nonsignificant levels when controlling for differences in experiential avoidance. The results provide clear support for the first hypothesis with regard to all the studied strategies. In contrast to the second hypothesis, the results showed the predicted outcome pattern only for the response-focused strategy "response suppression" and not for cognitive reappraisal or behavioral avoidance. The results are interpreted and discussed in relation to theories on experiential avoidance and emotion regulation.

A componential analysis of proverb interpretation in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy and temporal lobe epilepsy: relationships with disease-related factors.

PubMed

McDonald, Carrie R; Delis, Dean C; Kramer, Joel H; Tecoma, Evelyn S; Iragui, Vicente J

2008-05-01

The ability to interpret nonliteral, metaphoric language was explored in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and matched control participants, to determine (1) if patients with FLE were impaired in their interpretations relative to those with TLE and controls, and (2) if disease-related variables (e.g., age of seizure onset) predicted performances in either patient group. A total of 22 patients with FLE, 20 patients with TLE, and 23 controls were administered a test of proverb interpretation to assess their ability to grasp the abstract meaning of nonliteral language. Participants were presented with a series of proverbs and asked to provide an oral interpretation of each. Responses to each proverb were scored according to their accuracy and level of abstractness. Patients with FLE, but not TLE, were impaired relative to controls in their overall interpretation of proverbs. However, a subgroup analysis revealed that only patients with left FLE showed impaired interpretation accuracy relative to the other groups, whereas patients with both left FLE and left TLE showed impaired abstraction. Patients with FLE were also impaired when they were asked to select the best interpretation of the proverb from response alternatives. In patients with FLE, only a left-sided seizure focus was associated with poorer performance. In patients with TLE, both an early age of onset and a left-sided seizure focus predicted poorer performance. Overall, FLE patients exhibit greater impairment than TLE patients in interpreting proverbs. However, the nature and disease-specific correlates of impaired performances in proverb interpretation differ between the groups.

A COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS OF PROVERB INTERPRETATION IN PATIENTS WITH FRONTAL LOBE EPILEPSY AND TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY: RELATIONSHIPS WITH DISEASE-RELATED FACTORS

PubMed Central

McDonald, Carrie R.; Delis, Dean C.; Kramer, Joel H.; Tecoma, Evelyn S.; Iragui, Vicente J.

2017-01-01

The ability to interpret nonliteral, metaphoric language was explored in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and matched control participants, to determine (1) if patients with FLE were impaired in their interpretations relative to those with TLE and controls, and (2) if disease-related variables (e.g., age of seizure onset) predicted performances in either patient group. A total of 22 patients with FLE, 20 patients with TLE, and 23 controls were administered a test of proverb interpretation to assess their ability to grasp the abstract meaning of nonliteral language. Participants were presented with a series of proverbs and asked to provide an oral interpretation of each. Responses to each proverb were scored according to their accuracy and level of abstractness. Patients with FLE, but not TLE, were impaired relative to controls in their overall interpretation of proverbs. However, a subgroup analysis revealed that only patients with left FLE showed impaired interpretation accuracy relative to the other groups, whereas patients with both left FLE and left TLE showed impaired abstraction. Patients with FLE were also impaired when they were asked to select the best interpretation of the proverb from response alternatives. In patients with FLE, only a left-sided seizure focus was associated with poorer performance. In patients with TLE, both an early age of onset and a left-sided seizure focus predicted poorer performance. Overall, FLE patients exhibit greater impairment than TLE patients in interpreting proverbs. However, the nature and disease-specific correlates of impaired performances in proverb interpretation differ between the groups. PMID:17853125

Pattern of Task Interpretation and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies of High School Students and College Freshmen during an Engineering Design Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawanto, Oenardi; Butler, Deborah; Cartier, Sylvie C.; Santoso, Harry B.; Goodridge, Wade; Lawanto, Kevin N.; Clark, David

2013-01-01

The objective of this exploratory study was to describe patterns in self-regulated learning (SRL) for both high school students and college freshmen while engaged in a design activity. The main research question guiding this study was: How did high school and first-year college students self-regulate their approaches to learning when engaged in an…

Success, failures and costs of implementing standards in the USA--lessons for infection control.

PubMed

McGowan, J E

1995-06-01

In the US, extensive standards for performance and 'guidelines for practice' have been instituted by a number of governmental and non-governmental agencies. New governmental plans for health care depend heavily on practice guidelines, and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) has been especially enthusiastic about continuous quality improvement. Monitoring the appropriateness of care and altering physician practice appeals to insurance carriers and health care management organizations. Some initial data exist to show that the quality of health care has been enhanced by these regulations. The total cost for health care administration in 1990 in the USA was 24.8% of each hospital's spending for health care. Much of this was associated with spending for new initiatives in practice guidelines, physician profiling, quality assurance, and the like. Few data exist to show that the quality of health care or hospital infection control has been enhanced by these expenditures. Regulations and guidelines also have proliferated in infection control. Guides from the JCAHO have been expanded, and recent mandates from the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) for protecting employees from blood-borne and respiratory pathogens promise to be especially costly for health care organizations to implement. Little data exist to show that the quality of infection control has been enhanced by these regulations. Standards are difficult to develop, because the science to back them up often is lacking, interpretation of validating data is imprecise, and inherent biological variation makes exceptions common. Seven lessons are important for those developing standards today. These include focusing on objective measures of the impact of the standard, clearly indicating the degree of scientific validity, making the development process inclusive, allowing for local variation, making sure that funding is provided for mandated standards, considering non-scientific implications of standards, and remaining involved in the process after the guideline is developed. Infection control workers should make sure that standards developed take the lessons above into account before they are promulgated.

A possible new approach to understanding mental disorder.

PubMed

Sharples, P J

2012-09-01

The aetiology of mental disorders is not fully understood. This paper presents an analysis of the conceptual control process exploring the tools of conceptual application and the phases and the mechanism of the control process and seeks to show how the illness states of mental disorder naturally come to occur. Living occurs in a world of change. For living to occur some control is required and to exert control, to provide direction for the conceptual process, some interpretation of significance, some definition of need is also required. Such interpretation, monitoring significance in relation to the many aspects of change, forms the base on which living occurs. Change in human terms is intrinsically insecure and interpretation of significance is an interpretation of security, an interpretation of control in living. Conceptual control is a process applied to maintain security, to maintain a secure base for the interpretation of significance, it is a process applied to produce and hold a sense of control. Powering a process, producing and holding a sense of control, is an active process and so requires some form of energy. Human beings have a sense of that energy, something exhibited in terms such as full of energy, tired, exhausted. As energy is required to power the control process, accompanying the sense of energy is a sense of the ability to provide power, is a sense of the ability to hold and maintain control, is a sense of security. As available energy reduces there is difficulty holding the same sense of control, a person in the same setting comes to feel more insecure. This can result in a person experiencing mental disorder from mild to severe degree. Mild where conceptual process is applied to manage just one or a very few particular needs, severe and more general where the insecurity affects the base of interpretation. In this later case seeking to protect security can lead to mania, mood-incongruent delusions, schizophrenia. Failing ability to protect can lead to generalized anxiety disorder, mood-congruent delusions, different presentations and degrees of depression. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Participatory Workplace Wellness Programs: Reward, Penalty, and Regulatory Conflict

PubMed Central

Pomeranz, Jennifer L

2015-01-01

Context In keeping with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Congress revised the law related to workplace wellness programs. In June 2013, the Departments of Treasury, Labor, and Health and Human Services passed the final regulations, updating their 2006 regulatory framework. Participatory programs that reward the completion of a health risk assessment are now the most common type of wellness program in the United States. However, legal and ethical concerns emerge when employers utilize incentives that raise questions about the voluntariness of such programs. At issue is that under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, employers cannot require health-related inquiries and exams. Methods To analyze the current interpretation of the ADA, I conducted research on both LexisNexis and federal agency websites. The resulting article evaluates the differences in the language of Congress's enabling legislation and the federal departments’ regulations and how they may conflict with the ADA. It also reviews the federal government's authority to address both the legal conflict and ethical concerns related to nonvoluntary participatory programs. Findings Employers’ practices and the federal departments’ regulations conflict with the current interpretation of the ADA by permitting employers to penalize employees who do not complete a health risk assessment. The departments’ regulations may be interpreted as conflicting with Congress's legislation, which mentions penalties only for health-contingent wellness programs. Furthermore, the regulatory protections for employees applicable to health-contingent wellness programs do not apply to participatory programs. Conclusions Either Congress or the federal agencies should address the conflict among employers’ practices, the wellness regulations, and the ADA and also consider additional protections for employees. Employers can avoid ethical and legal complications by offering voluntary programs with positive incentives. PMID:26044631

Manual and automatic control of surface effect ships. [operator steering servomechanisms analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clement, W. F.; Shanahan, J. J.; Allen, R. W.

1975-01-01

A recent investigation of crew performance in the motion environment of a large generic high speed surface effect ship by means of a motion base simulation addressed some of the helmsman's control task with an external forward visual field of the seascape and navigation and steering displays in the pilot house. In addition to the primary steering control task, a subcritical speed tracking task provided a secondary surrogate for trimming the water speed of the craft. The results of helsmen's steering describing function measurements are presented, and some suggestions for their interpretation are offered. The likely steering loop closures comprise heading and lateral displacement for the course keeping task investigated. Also discussed is the manner in which these loop closures were implemented for automatic steering of the surface effect ship. Regardless of the influence of workload, steering technique, water speed and sea state, the helmsmen apparently adopted a disturbance regulation bandwidth of about 0.2 rad/sec for lateral displacement.

Heat exchange from the toucan bill reveals a controllable vascular thermal radiator.

PubMed

Tattersall, Glenn J; Andrade, Denis V; Abe, Augusto S

2009-07-24

The toco toucan (Ramphastos toco), the largest member of the toucan family, possesses the largest beak relative to body size of all birds. This exaggerated feature has received various interpretations, from serving as a sexual ornament to being a refined adaptation for feeding. However, it is also a significant surface area for heat exchange. Here we show the remarkable capacity of the toco toucan to regulate heat distribution by modifying blood flow, using the bill as a transient thermal radiator. Our results indicate that the toucan's bill is, relative to its size, one of the largest thermal windows in the animal kingdom, rivaling elephants' ears in its ability to radiate body heat.

Development of five digits is controlled by a bipartite long-range cis-regulator.

PubMed

Lettice, Laura A; Williamson, Iain; Devenney, Paul S; Kilanowski, Fiona; Dorin, Julia; Hill, Robert E

2014-04-01

Conservation within intergenic DNA often highlights regulatory elements that control gene expression from a long range. How conservation within a single element relates to regulatory information and how internal composition relates to function is unknown. Here, we examine the structural features of the highly conserved ZRS (also called MFCS1) cis-regulator responsible for the spatiotemporal control of Shh in the limb bud. By systematically dissecting the ZRS, both in transgenic assays and within in the endogenous locus, we show that the ZRS is, in effect, composed of two distinct domains of activity: one domain directs spatiotemporal activity but functions predominantly from a short range, whereas a second domain is required to promote long-range activity. We show further that these two domains encode activities that are highly integrated and that the second domain is crucial in promoting the chromosomal conformational changes correlated with gene activity. During limb bud development, these activities encoded by the ZRS are interpreted differently by the fore limbs and the hind limbs; in the absence of the second domain there is no Shh activity in the fore limb, and in the hind limb low levels of Shh lead to a variant digit pattern ranging from two to four digits. Hence, in the embryo, the second domain stabilises the developmental programme providing a buffer for SHH morphogen activity and this ensures that five digits form in both sets of limbs.

The Particulate Air Pollution Controversy

PubMed Central

Phalen, Robert F.

2004-01-01

Scientists, regulators, legislators, and segments of industry and the lay public are attempting to understand and respond to epidemiology findings of associations between measures of modern particulate air pollutants (PM) and adverse health outcomes in urban dwellers. The associations have been interpreted to imply that tens of thousands of Americans are killed annually by small daily increments in PM. These epidemiology studies and their interpretations have been challenged, although it is accepted that high concentrations of air pollutants have claimed many lives in the past. Although reproducible and statistically significant, the relative risks associated with modern PM are very small and confounded by many factors. Neither toxicology studies nor human clinical investigations have identified the components and/or characteristics of PM that might be causing the health-effect associations. Currently, a massive worldwide research effort is under way in an attempt to identify whom might be harmed and by what substances and mechanisms. Finding the answers is important, because control measures have the potential not only to be costly but also to limit the availability of goods and services that are important to public health. PMID:19330148

29 CFR 780.305 - 500 man-day provision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false 500 man-day provision. 780.305 Section 780.305 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY OR INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS EXEMPTIONS APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURE, PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AND...

29 CFR 779.368 - Printing and engraving establishments not recognized as retail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... goods for purposes of the exemption under section 13(a)(2) in any workweek in which an insubstantial... retail. 779.368 Section 779.368 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY OR INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS THE...

78 FR 54713 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; ICE Clear Europe Limited; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-05

... Regulations or other official interpretations thereunder (collectively ``FATCA''). II. Self-Regulatory... changes allow ICE Clear Europe to be in compliance with FATCA Regulations. \\8\\ 15 U.S.C. 78q-1. B. Self... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-70283; File No. SR-ICEEU-2013-08] Self...

31 CFR 598.403 - Termination and acquisition of an interest in blocked property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... interest in blocked property. 598.403 Section 598.403 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... NARCOTICS KINGPIN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 598.403 Termination and acquisition of an interest... blocked pursuant to § 598.202. (b) Unless otherwise specifically provided in a license issued pursuant to...

31 CFR 598.403 - Termination and acquisition of an interest in blocked property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... interest in blocked property. 598.403 Section 598.403 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... NARCOTICS KINGPIN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 598.403 Termination and acquisition of an interest... blocked pursuant to § 598.202. (b) Unless otherwise specifically provided in a license issued pursuant to...

31 CFR 598.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

....S. financial institutions. 598.409 Section 598.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... NARCOTICS KINGPIN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 598.409 Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. The prohibition in § 598.203 on dealing in property in which a specially designated...

31 CFR 598.403 - Termination and acquisition of an interest in blocked property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... interest in blocked property. 598.403 Section 598.403 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... NARCOTICS KINGPIN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 598.403 Termination and acquisition of an interest... blocked pursuant to § 598.202. (b) Unless otherwise specifically provided in a license issued pursuant to...

31 CFR 598.403 - Termination and acquisition of an interest in blocked property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... interest in blocked property. 598.403 Section 598.403 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... NARCOTICS KINGPIN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 598.403 Termination and acquisition of an interest... blocked pursuant to § 598.202. (b) Unless otherwise specifically provided in a license issued pursuant to...

31 CFR 598.403 - Termination and acquisition of an interest in blocked property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... interest in blocked property. 598.403 Section 598.403 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... NARCOTICS KINGPIN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 598.403 Termination and acquisition of an interest... blocked pursuant to § 598.202. (b) Unless otherwise specifically provided in a license issued pursuant to...

29 CFR 785.26 - Section 3(o) of the Fair Labor Standards Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Section 785.26 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY OR INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS HOURS WORKED Application... bargaining agreements. This section provides for the exclusion from hours worked of time spent by an employee...

29 CFR 785.17 - On-call time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false On-call time. 785.17 Section 785.17 Labor Regulations... INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS HOURS WORKED Application of Principles Waiting Time § 785.17 On-call time. An employee who is required to remain on call on the employer's premises or so close...

29 CFR 785.17 - On-call time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false On-call time. 785.17 Section 785.17 Labor Regulations... INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS HOURS WORKED Application of Principles Waiting Time § 785.17 On-call time. An employee who is required to remain on call on the employer's premises or so close...

31 CFR 560.412 - Extensions of credit or loans to Iran.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Extensions of credit or loans to Iran. 560.412 Section 560.412 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... REGULATIONS Interpretations § 560.412 Extensions of credit or loans to Iran. (a) The prohibitions contained in...

31 CFR 560.412 - Extensions of credit or loans to Iran.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Extensions of credit or loans to Iran. 560.412 Section 560.412 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... REGULATIONS Interpretations § 560.412 Extensions of credit or loans to Iran. (a) The prohibitions contained in...

Exploring Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) and Listening Strategy Instruction in a Chinese L2 Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Li, Yue

2017-01-01

This interpretive case study explored the effectiveness of listening strategy instruction that promoted self-regulated learning and gained insights into students' and instructors' perceptions of strategy-integrated listening instruction among second semester learners of Chinese as a second language at a military college in Northern California.…

31 CFR 510.403 - Termination and acquisition of an interest in blocked property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... interest in blocked property. 510.403 Section 510.403 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 510.403 Termination and acquisition of an interest in blocked... deemed to be property blocked pursuant to § 510.201, unless there exists in the property another interest...

31 CFR 537.413 - Sale of interest in economic development projects in Burma.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Sale of interest in economic development projects in Burma. 537.413 Section 537.413 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 537.413 Sale of interest in economic development projects in Burma...

31 CFR 576.410 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 576.410 Section 576.410 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... STABILIZATION AND INSURGENCY SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 576.410 Credit extended and cards issued by...

31 CFR 548.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 548.409 Section 548.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 548.409 Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial...

31 CFR 536.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 536.409 Section 536.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 536.409 Credit extended and cards issued by U...

31 CFR 588.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 588.409 Section 588.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... BALKANS STABILIZATION REGULATIONS Interpretations § 588.409 Credit extended and cards issued by U.S...

31 CFR 546.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 546.409 Section 546.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 546.409 Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial...

31 CFR 548.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 548.409 Section 548.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 548.409 Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial...

31 CFR 546.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 546.409 Section 546.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 546.409 Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial...

31 CFR 593.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 593.409 Section 593.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... LIBERIAN REGIME OF CHARLES TAYLOR SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 593.409 Credit extended and cards...

31 CFR 547.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 547.409 Section 547.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 547.409 Credit extended and cards...

31 CFR 593.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 593.409 Section 593.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... LIBERIAN REGIME OF CHARLES TAYLOR SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 593.409 Credit extended and cards...

31 CFR 593.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 593.409 Section 593.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... LIBERIAN REGIME OF CHARLES TAYLOR SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 593.409 Credit extended and cards...

31 CFR 536.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 536.409 Section 536.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 536.409 Credit extended and cards issued by U...

31 CFR 548.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 548.409 Section 548.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 548.409 Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial...

31 CFR 576.410 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 576.410 Section 576.410 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... STABILIZATION AND INSURGENCY SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 576.410 Credit extended and cards issued by...

31 CFR 576.410 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 576.410 Section 576.410 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... STABILIZATION AND INSURGENCY SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 576.410 Credit extended and cards issued by...

31 CFR 549.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 549.409 Section 549.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 549.409 Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial...

31 CFR 588.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 588.409 Section 588.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... BALKANS STABILIZATION REGULATIONS Interpretations § 588.409 Credit extended and cards issued by U.S...

31 CFR 547.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 547.409 Section 547.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 547.409 Credit extended and cards...

31 CFR 547.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 547.409 Section 547.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 547.409 Credit extended and cards...

31 CFR 576.410 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 576.410 Section 576.410 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... STABILIZATION AND INSURGENCY SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 576.410 Credit extended and cards issued by...

31 CFR 544.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 544.409 Section 544.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... OF MASS DESTRUCTION PROLIFERATORS SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 544.409 Credit extended and...

31 CFR 546.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 546.409 Section 546.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 546.409 Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial...

31 CFR 544.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 544.409 Section 544.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... OF MASS DESTRUCTION PROLIFERATORS SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 544.409 Credit extended and...

31 CFR 548.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 548.409 Section 548.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 548.409 Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial...

31 CFR 549.409 - Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial institutions. 549.409 Section 549.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Interpretations § 549.409 Credit extended and cards issued by U.S. financial...