40 CFR 1045.120 - What emission-related warranty requirements apply to me?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What emission-related warranty requirements apply to me? 1045.120 Section 1045.120 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND...

21 CFR 111.525 - What requirements apply to a returned dietary supplement that quality control personnel approve...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Returned Dietary Supplements § 111.525 What requirements apply to a returned dietary supplement that quality control personnel approve for reprocessing? (a) You must ensure that any returned dietary supplements that are reprocessed meet all product specifications established in accordance...

21 CFR 111.525 - What requirements apply to a returned dietary supplement that quality control personnel approve...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Returned Dietary Supplements § 111.525 What requirements apply to a returned dietary supplement that quality control personnel approve for reprocessing? (a) You must ensure that any returned dietary supplements that are reprocessed meet all product specifications established in accordance...

21 CFR 111.525 - What requirements apply to a returned dietary supplement that quality control personnel approve...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Returned Dietary Supplements § 111.525 What requirements apply to a returned dietary supplement that quality control personnel approve for reprocessing? (a) You must ensure that any returned dietary supplements that are reprocessed meet all product specifications established in accordance...

21 CFR 111.525 - What requirements apply to a returned dietary supplement that quality control personnel approve...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Returned Dietary Supplements § 111.525 What requirements apply to a returned dietary supplement that quality control personnel approve for reprocessing? (a) You must ensure that any returned dietary supplements that are reprocessed meet all product specifications established in accordance...

40 CFR 1045.401 - What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone into service?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone into service? 1045.401 Section 1045.401 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION...

40 CFR 1045.401 - What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone into service?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone into service? 1045.401 Section 1045.401 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION...

40 CFR 1045.401 - What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone into service?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone into service? 1045.401 Section 1045.401 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION...

40 CFR 1045.401 - What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone into service?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone into service? 1045.401 Section 1045.401 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION...

40 CFR 1045.401 - What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone into service?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone into service? 1045.401 Section 1045.401 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION...

21 CFR 111.525 - What requirements apply to a returned dietary supplement that quality control personnel approve...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Returned Dietary Supplements § 111.525 What requirements apply to a returned dietary supplement that quality control personnel approve for reprocessing? (a) You must ensure that any returned dietary supplements that are reprocessed meet all product specifications established in accordance...

40 CFR 1048.401 - What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone into service?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... engines that have gone into service? 1048.401 Section 1048.401 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW, LARGE NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Testing In-use Engines § 1048.401 What testing requirements apply to my engines that have...

40 CFR 63.1062 - Storage vessel control requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Storage vessel control requirements... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Storage Vessels (Tanks)-Control Level 2 § 63.1062 Storage vessel control requirements. (a) For each storage vessel to which this subpart applies, the owner or operator...

40 CFR 63.1062 - Storage vessel control requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Storage vessel control requirements... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Storage Vessels (Tanks)-Control Level 2 § 63.1062 Storage vessel control requirements. (a) For each storage vessel to which this subpart applies, the owner or operator...

40 CFR 63.1062 - Storage vessel control requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Storage vessel control requirements... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Storage Vessels (Tanks)-Control Level 2 § 63.1062 Storage vessel control requirements. (a) For each storage vessel to which this subpart applies, the owner or operator...

40 CFR 65.3 - Compliance with standards and operation and maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...)(4)(i) and (ii) do not apply to Group 2A or Group 2B process vents. Compliance with design, equipment... include, but are not limited to, air pollution control technologies, recovery technologies, work practices... control devices are not required but may be used if available. This paragraph (a)(3) does not apply to...

40 CFR 65.3 - Compliance with standards and operation and maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...)(4)(i) and (ii) do not apply to Group 2A or Group 2B process vents. Compliance with design, equipment... include, but are not limited to, air pollution control technologies, recovery technologies, work practices... control devices are not required but may be used if available. This paragraph (a)(3) does not apply to...

40 CFR 51.912 - What requirements apply for reasonably available control technology (RACT) and reasonably...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... available control technology (RACT) and reasonably available control measures (RACM) under the 8-hour NAAQS... reasonably available control technology (RACT) and reasonably available control measures (RACM) under the 8... requirements of the Clean Air Interstate Rule, the State shall submit NOX RACT SIPs for electrical generating...

40 CFR 1060.103 - What permeation emission control requirements apply for fuel tanks?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What permeation emission control... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD AND STATIONARY EQUIPMENT Emission Standards and Related Requirements § 1060.103 What permeation...

49 CFR 195.588 - What standards apply to direct assessment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Corrosion Control § 195.588 What standards apply to direct... corrosion, you must follow the requirements of this section for performing external corrosion direct... direct assessment process. (b) The requirements for performing external corrosion direct assessment are...

49 CFR 195.588 - What standards apply to direct assessment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Corrosion Control § 195.588 What standards apply to direct... corrosion, you must follow the requirements of this section for performing external corrosion direct... direct assessment process. (b) The requirements for performing external corrosion direct assessment are...

49 CFR 195.588 - What standards apply to direct assessment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Corrosion Control § 195.588 What standards apply to direct... corrosion, you must follow the requirements of this section for performing external corrosion direct... direct assessment process. (b) The requirements for performing external corrosion direct assessment are...

49 CFR 195.588 - What standards apply to direct assessment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Corrosion Control § 195.588 What standards apply to direct... corrosion, you must follow the requirements of this section for performing external corrosion direct... direct assessment process. (b) The requirements for performing external corrosion direct assessment are...

43 CFR 6304.22 - What special provisions apply to control of fire, insects, and diseases?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... of fire, insects, and diseases? 6304.22 Section 6304.22 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating... apply to control of fire, insects, and diseases? BLM may prescribe measures to control fire, noxious weeds, non-native invasive plants, insects, and diseases. BLM may require restoration concurrent with or...

43 CFR 6304.22 - What special provisions apply to control of fire, insects, and diseases?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... of fire, insects, and diseases? 6304.22 Section 6304.22 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating... apply to control of fire, insects, and diseases? BLM may prescribe measures to control fire, noxious weeds, non-native invasive plants, insects, and diseases. BLM may require restoration concurrent with or...

43 CFR 6304.22 - What special provisions apply to control of fire, insects, and diseases?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... of fire, insects, and diseases? 6304.22 Section 6304.22 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating... apply to control of fire, insects, and diseases? BLM may prescribe measures to control fire, noxious weeds, non-native invasive plants, insects, and diseases. BLM may require restoration concurrent with or...

43 CFR 6304.22 - What special provisions apply to control of fire, insects, and diseases?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... of fire, insects, and diseases? 6304.22 Section 6304.22 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating... apply to control of fire, insects, and diseases? BLM may prescribe measures to control fire, noxious weeds, non-native invasive plants, insects, and diseases. BLM may require restoration concurrent with or...

Control Requirements to Support Manual Piloting Capability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Merancy, Nujoud; Chevray, Kay; Gonzalez, Rodolfo; Madsen, Jennifer; Spehar, Pete

2013-01-01

The manual piloting requirements specified under the NASA Constellation Program involved Cooper-Harper ratings, which are a qualitative and subjective evaluation from experienced pilots. This type of verification entails a significant investment of resources to assess a completed design and is not one that can easily or meaningfully be applied upfront in the design phase. The evolution of the Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle Program to include an independently developed propulsion system from an international partner makes application of Cooper-Harper based design requirements inadequate. To mitigate this issue, a novel solution was developed to reformulate the necessary piloting capability into quantifiable requirements. A trio of requirements was designed which specify control authority, precision, and impulse residuals enabling propulsion design within specified guidance and control boundaries. These requirements have been evaluated against both the existing Orion design and the proposed ESA design and have been found to achieve the desired specificity. The requirement set is capable of being applied to the development of other spacecraft in support of manual piloting.

Flight Control System Reliability and Maintainability Investigations

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-03-01

the left forward horn of the swash - plate . Pilot’s Cyclic Control Stick The conventional type control stick, mounted in the ... the requirement? 3. Acceptability - Is the effort/cost worth the gain in R&M7 These tests were applied to the flight control system speci- fication...quantitative R&M requirements on the specifications in Figure 1. Standard Components

21 CFR 111.510 - What requirements apply when a returned dietary supplement is received?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Returned Dietary Supplements § 111.510 What requirements apply when a returned dietary supplement is received? You must identify and quarantine returned dietary supplements until quality control personnel conduct a material review and make a...

21 CFR 111.155 - What requirements apply to components of dietary supplements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control... or Labeling as a Dietary Supplement § 111.155 What requirements apply to components of dietary... components before you use them in the manufacture of a dietary supplement until: (1) You collect...

21 CFR 111.155 - What requirements apply to components of dietary supplements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control... or Labeling as a Dietary Supplement § 111.155 What requirements apply to components of dietary... components before you use them in the manufacture of a dietary supplement until: (1) You collect...

21 CFR 111.510 - What requirements apply when a returned dietary supplement is received?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Returned Dietary Supplements § 111.510 What requirements apply when a returned dietary supplement is received? You must identify and quarantine returned dietary supplements until quality control personnel conduct a material review and make a...

21 CFR 111.370 - What requirements apply to rejected dietary supplements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control... disposition any dietary supplement that is rejected and unsuitable for use in manufacturing, packaging, or... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What requirements apply to rejected dietary...

21 CFR 111.370 - What requirements apply to rejected dietary supplements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control... disposition any dietary supplement that is rejected and unsuitable for use in manufacturing, packaging, or... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What requirements apply to rejected dietary...

21 CFR 111.160 - What requirements apply to packaging and labels received?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control... or Labeling as a Dietary Supplement § 111.160 What requirements apply to packaging and labels... labels before you use them in the manufacture of a dietary supplement until: (1) You collect...

21 CFR 111.160 - What requirements apply to packaging and labels received?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control... or Labeling as a Dietary Supplement § 111.160 What requirements apply to packaging and labels... labels before you use them in the manufacture of a dietary supplement until: (1) You collect...

21 CFR 111.155 - What requirements apply to components of dietary supplements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control... or Labeling as a Dietary Supplement § 111.155 What requirements apply to components of dietary... components before you use them in the manufacture of a dietary supplement until: (1) You collect...

21 CFR 111.370 - What requirements apply to rejected dietary supplements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control... disposition any dietary supplement that is rejected and unsuitable for use in manufacturing, packaging, or... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false What requirements apply to rejected dietary...

21 CFR 111.155 - What requirements apply to components of dietary supplements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control... or Labeling as a Dietary Supplement § 111.155 What requirements apply to components of dietary... components before you use them in the manufacture of a dietary supplement until: (1) You collect...

21 CFR 111.370 - What requirements apply to rejected dietary supplements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control... disposition any dietary supplement that is rejected and unsuitable for use in manufacturing, packaging, or... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false What requirements apply to rejected dietary...

21 CFR 111.160 - What requirements apply to packaging and labels received?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control... or Labeling as a Dietary Supplement § 111.160 What requirements apply to packaging and labels... labels before you use them in the manufacture of a dietary supplement until: (1) You collect...

21 CFR 111.160 - What requirements apply to packaging and labels received?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control... or Labeling as a Dietary Supplement § 111.160 What requirements apply to packaging and labels... labels before you use them in the manufacture of a dietary supplement until: (1) You collect...

21 CFR 111.510 - What requirements apply when a returned dietary supplement is received?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Returned Dietary Supplements § 111.510 What requirements apply when a returned dietary supplement is received? You must identify and quarantine returned dietary supplements until quality control personnel conduct a material review and make a...

21 CFR 111.510 - What requirements apply when a returned dietary supplement is received?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Returned Dietary Supplements § 111.510 What requirements apply when a returned dietary supplement is received? You must identify and quarantine returned dietary supplements until quality control personnel conduct a material review and make a...

21 CFR 111.370 - What requirements apply to rejected dietary supplements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control... disposition any dietary supplement that is rejected and unsuitable for use in manufacturing, packaging, or... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What requirements apply to rejected dietary...

21 CFR 111.510 - What requirements apply when a returned dietary supplement is received?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Returned Dietary Supplements § 111.510 What requirements apply when a returned dietary supplement is received? You must identify and quarantine returned dietary supplements until quality control personnel conduct a material review and make a...

40 CFR 1027.101 - To whom do these requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... POLLUTION CONTROLS FEES FOR ENGINE, VEHICLE, AND EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS § 1027.101 To whom do these requirements apply? (a) This part prescribes fees manufacturers must pay for activities related to EPA's engine... certificates of conformity and performing tests and taking other steps to verify compliance with emission...

40 CFR 63.1510 - Monitoring requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... of a group 1 furnace (with or without add-on air pollution control devices) or in-line fluxer. The... the information in § 63.1516(b)(2)(vi). (n) Sidewell group 1 furnace with add-on air pollution control...). (o) Group 1 furnace without add-on air pollution control devices. These requirements apply to the...

40 CFR 63.1510 - Monitoring requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... of a group 1 furnace (with or without add-on air pollution control devices) or in-line fluxer. The... the information in § 63.1516(b)(2)(vi). (n) Sidewell group 1 furnace with add-on air pollution control...). (o) Group 1 furnace without add-on air pollution control devices. These requirements apply to the...

40 CFR 1045.120 - What emission-related warranty requirements apply to me?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND... purchaser that the new engine, including all parts of its emission control system, meets two conditions: (1... generous than we require. The emission-related warranty for an engine may not be shorter than any published...

40 CFR 63.1510 - Monitoring requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... of a group 1 furnace (with or without add-on air pollution control devices) or in-line fluxer. The... the information in § 63.1516(b)(2)(vi). (n) Sidewell group 1 furnace with add-on air pollution control...). (o) Group 1 furnace without add-on air pollution control devices. These requirements apply to the...

21 CFR 820.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... used in, and the facilities and controls used for, the design, manufacture, packaging, labeling... compliance with the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act). This part establishes basic requirements... controls apply only to those devices listed in § 820.30(a)(2). This regulation does not apply to...

21 CFR 820.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... used in, and the facilities and controls used for, the design, manufacture, packaging, labeling... compliance with the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act). This part establishes basic requirements... controls apply only to those devices listed in § 820.30(a)(2). This regulation does not apply to...

21 CFR 820.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... used in, and the facilities and controls used for, the design, manufacture, packaging, labeling... compliance with the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act). This part establishes basic requirements... controls apply only to those devices listed in § 820.30(a)(2). This regulation does not apply to...

21 CFR 820.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... used in, and the facilities and controls used for, the design, manufacture, packaging, labeling... compliance with the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act). This part establishes basic requirements... controls apply only to those devices listed in § 820.30(a)(2). This regulation does not apply to...

40 CFR 85.2230 - Steady state test dynamometer-EPA 91.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Emission Control System Performance... applicability. The requirements of § 85.2229 apply concurrently for tests conducted under Emission Performance... capable of applying a load to the vehicle's driving tire surfaces at the horsepower and speed levels...

40 CFR 55.14 - Requirements that apply to OCS sources located within 25 miles of States' seaward boundaries, by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... of this section, the following shall apply: (1) Any reference to a State or local air pollution control agency or air pollution control officer shall mean EPA or the Administrator, respectively. (2) Any submittal to State or local air pollution control agency shall instead be submitted to the Administrator...

40 CFR 55.14 - Requirements that apply to OCS sources located within 25 miles of States' seaward boundaries, by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... of this section, the following shall apply: (1) Any reference to a State or local air pollution control agency or air pollution control officer shall mean EPA or the Administrator, respectively. (2) Any submittal to State or local air pollution control agency shall instead be submitted to the Administrator...

40 CFR 55.14 - Requirements that apply to OCS sources located within 25 miles of States' seaward boundaries, by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... of this section, the following shall apply: (1) Any reference to a State or local air pollution control agency or air pollution control officer shall mean EPA or the Administrator, respectively. (2) Any submittal to State or local air pollution control agency shall instead be submitted to the Administrator...

21 CFR 111.170 - What requirements apply to rejected components, packaging, and labels, and to rejected products...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control... or Labeling as a Dietary Supplement § 111.170 What requirements apply to rejected components... a dietary supplement (and for distribution rather than for return to the supplier), that is rejected...

21 CFR 111.170 - What requirements apply to rejected components, packaging, and labels, and to rejected products...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control... or Labeling as a Dietary Supplement § 111.170 What requirements apply to rejected components... a dietary supplement (and for distribution rather than for return to the supplier), that is rejected...

21 CFR 111.170 - What requirements apply to rejected components, packaging, and labels, and to rejected products...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control... or Labeling as a Dietary Supplement § 111.170 What requirements apply to rejected components... a dietary supplement (and for distribution rather than for return to the supplier), that is rejected...

21 CFR 111.170 - What requirements apply to rejected components, packaging, and labels, and to rejected products...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control... or Labeling as a Dietary Supplement § 111.170 What requirements apply to rejected components... a dietary supplement (and for distribution rather than for return to the supplier), that is rejected...

21 CFR 111.410 - What requirements apply to packaging and labels?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What requirements apply to packaging and labels? 111.410 Section 111.410 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... manufacturing history and control of the packaged and labeled dietary supplement through distribution. ...

21 CFR 111.410 - What requirements apply to packaging and labels?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false What requirements apply to packaging and labels? 111.410 Section 111.410 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... manufacturing history and control of the packaged and labeled dietary supplement through distribution. ...

21 CFR 111.410 - What requirements apply to packaging and labels?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false What requirements apply to packaging and labels? 111.410 Section 111.410 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... manufacturing history and control of the packaged and labeled dietary supplement through distribution. ...

21 CFR 111.410 - What requirements apply to packaging and labels?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What requirements apply to packaging and labels? 111.410 Section 111.410 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... manufacturing history and control of the packaged and labeled dietary supplement through distribution. ...

21 CFR 111.170 - What requirements apply to rejected components, packaging, and labels, and to rejected products...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control... or Labeling as a Dietary Supplement § 111.170 What requirements apply to rejected components... a dietary supplement (and for distribution rather than for return to the supplier), that is rejected...

21 CFR 111.410 - What requirements apply to packaging and labels?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What requirements apply to packaging and labels? 111.410 Section 111.410 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... manufacturing history and control of the packaged and labeled dietary supplement through distribution. ...

Design of a large span-distributed load flying-wing cargo airplane with laminar flow control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lovell, W. A.; Price, J. E.; Quartero, C. B.; Turriziani, R. V.; Washburn, G. F.

1978-01-01

A design study was conducted to add laminar flow control to a previously design span-distributed load airplane while maintaining constant range and payload. With laminar flow control applied to 100 percent of the wing and vertical tail chords, the empty weight increased by 4.2 percent, the drag decreased by 27.4 percent, the required engine thrust decreased by 14.8 percent, and the fuel consumption decreased by 21.8 percent. When laminar flow control was applied to a lesser extent of the chord (approximately 80 percent), the empty weight increased by 3.4 percent, the drag decreased by 20.0 percent, the required engine thrust decreased by 13.0 percent, and the fuel consumption decreased by 16.2 percent. In both cases the required take-off gross weight of the aircraft was less than the original turbulent aircraft.

21 CFR 111.165 - What requirements apply to a product received for packaging or labeling as a dietary supplement...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... packaging or labeling as a dietary supplement (and for distribution rather than for return to the supplier..., PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control System... as a Dietary Supplement § 111.165 What requirements apply to a product received for packaging or...

21 CFR 111.165 - What requirements apply to a product received for packaging or labeling as a dietary supplement...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... packaging or labeling as a dietary supplement (and for distribution rather than for return to the supplier..., PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control System... as a Dietary Supplement § 111.165 What requirements apply to a product received for packaging or...

21 CFR 111.165 - What requirements apply to a product received for packaging or labeling as a dietary supplement...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... packaging or labeling as a dietary supplement (and for distribution rather than for return to the supplier..., PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control System... as a Dietary Supplement § 111.165 What requirements apply to a product received for packaging or...

21 CFR 111.165 - What requirements apply to a product received for packaging or labeling as a dietary supplement...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... packaging or labeling as a dietary supplement (and for distribution rather than for return to the supplier..., PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Production and Process Control System... as a Dietary Supplement § 111.165 What requirements apply to a product received for packaging or...

40 CFR 63.7335 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the operation and maintenance requirements that...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks Continuous... maintenance requirements that apply to me? (a) For each by-product coke oven battery, you must demonstrate... each coke oven battery with a capture system or control device applied to pushing emissions, you must...

40 CFR 63.7335 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the operation and maintenance requirements that...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks Continuous... maintenance requirements that apply to me? (a) For each by-product coke oven battery, you must demonstrate... each coke oven battery with a capture system or control device applied to pushing emissions, you must...

40 CFR 63.7335 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the operation and maintenance requirements that...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks Continuous... maintenance requirements that apply to me? (a) For each by-product coke oven battery, you must demonstrate... each coke oven battery with a capture system or control device applied to pushing emissions, you must...

40 CFR 63.7335 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the operation and maintenance requirements that...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks Continuous... maintenance requirements that apply to me? (a) For each by-product coke oven battery, you must demonstrate... each coke oven battery with a capture system or control device applied to pushing emissions, you must...

40 CFR 63.7335 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the operation and maintenance requirements that...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks Continuous... maintenance requirements that apply to me? (a) For each by-product coke oven battery, you must demonstrate... each coke oven battery with a capture system or control device applied to pushing emissions, you must...

23 CFR 750.705 - Effective control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Effective control. 750.705 Section 750.705 Highways... BEAUTIFICATION Outdoor Advertising Control § 750.705 Effective control. In order to provide effective control of... of applicable control requirements will apply; (h) Develop laws, regulations, and procedures to...

23 CFR 750.705 - Effective control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Effective control. 750.705 Section 750.705 Highways... BEAUTIFICATION Outdoor Advertising Control § 750.705 Effective control. In order to provide effective control of... of applicable control requirements will apply; (h) Develop laws, regulations, and procedures to...

23 CFR 750.705 - Effective control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Effective control. 750.705 Section 750.705 Highways... BEAUTIFICATION Outdoor Advertising Control § 750.705 Effective control. In order to provide effective control of... of applicable control requirements will apply; (h) Develop laws, regulations, and procedures to...

23 CFR 750.705 - Effective control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Effective control. 750.705 Section 750.705 Highways... BEAUTIFICATION Outdoor Advertising Control § 750.705 Effective control. In order to provide effective control of... of applicable control requirements will apply; (h) Develop laws, regulations, and procedures to...

23 CFR 750.705 - Effective control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Effective control. 750.705 Section 750.705 Highways... BEAUTIFICATION Outdoor Advertising Control § 750.705 Effective control. In order to provide effective control of... of applicable control requirements will apply; (h) Develop laws, regulations, and procedures to...

49 CFR 571.203 - Standard No. 203; Impact protection for the driver from the steering control system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... a result of impact. S2. Application. This standard applies to passenger cars and to multipurpose... does not apply to vehicles that conform to the frontal barrier crash requirements (S5.1) of Standard No... impact. S4. Requirements. Each passenger car and each multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck and bus with...

49 CFR 571.203 - Standard No. 203; Impact protection for the driver from the steering control system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... a result of impact. S2. Application. This standard applies to passenger cars and to multipurpose... does not apply to vehicles that conform to the frontal barrier crash requirements (S5.1) of Standard No... impact. S4. Requirements. Each passenger car and each multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck and bus with...

49 CFR 571.203 - Standard No. 203; Impact protection for the driver from the steering control system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... a result of impact. S2. Application. This standard applies to passenger cars and to multipurpose... does not apply to vehicles that conform to the frontal barrier crash requirements (S5.1) of Standard No... impact. S4. Requirements. Each passenger car and each multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck and bus with...

Low-authority control synthesis for large space structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Aubrun, J. N.; Margulies, G.

1982-01-01

The control of vibrations of large space structures by distributed sensors and actuators is studied. A procedure is developed for calculating the feedback loop gains required to achieve specified amounts of damping. For moderate damping (Low Authority Control) the procedure is purely algebraic, but it can be applied iteratively when larger amounts of damping are required and is generalized for arbitrary time invariant systems.

[Implementation of quality standard UNE-EN ISO/IEC 17043 in the External Quality Control Program of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology].

PubMed

Poveda Gabaldón, Marta; Ovies, María Rosario; Orta Mira, Nieves; Serrano, M del Remedio Guna; Avila, Javier; Giménez, Alicia; Cardona, Concepción Gimeno

2011-12-01

The quality standard "UNE-EN-ISO 17043: 2010. Conformity assessment. General requirements for proficiency testing" applies to centers that organize intercomparisons in all areas. In the case of clinical microbiology laboratories, these intercomparisons must meet the management and technical standards required to achieve maximum quality in the performance of microbiological analysis and the preparation of test items (sample, product, data or other information used in the proficiency test) to enable them to be accredited. Once accredited, these laboratories can operate as a tool for quality control laboratories and competency assessment. In Spain, accreditation is granted by the Spanish Accreditation Body [Entidad Nacional de Acreditación (ENAC)]. The objective of this review is to explain how to apply the requirements of the standard to laboratories providing intercomparisons in the field of clinical microbiology (the organization responsible for all the tasks related to the development and operation of a proficiency testing program). This requires defining the scope and specifying the technical requirements (personnel management, control of equipment, facilities and environment, the design of the proficiency testing and data analysis for performance evaluation, communication with participants and confidentiality) and management requirements (document control, purchasing control, monitoring of complaints / claims, non-compliance, internal audits and management reviews). Copyright © 2011 Elsevier España S.L. All rights reserved.

Feedback Implementation of Zermelo's Optimal Control by Sugeno Approximation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clifton, C.; Homaifax, A.; Bikdash, M.

1997-01-01

This paper proposes an approach to implement optimal control laws of nonlinear systems in real time. Our methodology does not require solving two-point boundary value problems online and may not require it off-line either. The optimal control law is learned using the original Sugeno controller (OSC) from a family of optimal trajectories. We compare the trajectories generated by the OSC and the trajectories yielded by the optimal feedback control law when applied to Zermelo's ship steering problem.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Clements, Abraham Anthony

EPOXY is a LLVM base compiler that applies security protections to bare-metal programs on ARM Cortex-M series micro-controllers. This includes privilege overlaying, wherein operations requiring privileged execution are identified and only these operations execute in privileged mode. It also applies code integrity, control-flow hijacking defenses, stack protections, and fine-grained randomization schemes. All of its protections work within the constraints of bare-metal systems.

33 CFR 157.12b - Implementation requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... OIL IN BULK Design, Equipment, and Installation § 157.12b Implementation requirements. Oil discharge monitoring and control systems must be fitted to oil tankers to which this subpart applies. A monitoring and...

33 CFR 157.12b - Implementation requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... OIL IN BULK Design, Equipment, and Installation § 157.12b Implementation requirements. Oil discharge monitoring and control systems must be fitted to oil tankers to which this subpart applies. A monitoring and...

33 CFR 157.12b - Implementation requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... OIL IN BULK Design, Equipment, and Installation § 157.12b Implementation requirements. Oil discharge monitoring and control systems must be fitted to oil tankers to which this subpart applies. A monitoring and...

33 CFR 157.12b - Implementation requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... OIL IN BULK Design, Equipment, and Installation § 157.12b Implementation requirements. Oil discharge monitoring and control systems must be fitted to oil tankers to which this subpart applies. A monitoring and...

33 CFR 157.12b - Implementation requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... OIL IN BULK Design, Equipment, and Installation § 157.12b Implementation requirements. Oil discharge monitoring and control systems must be fitted to oil tankers to which this subpart applies. A monitoring and...

76 FR 28193 - Amendments to Material Control and Accounting Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-16

...] Amendments to Material Control and Accounting Regulations AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION... amendments to the material control and accounting (MC&A) regulations. These regulations apply to NRC... performance objectives, and most of these facilities must meet item control requirements. B. Discussion The MC...

Predictive Thermal Control Applied to HabEx

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brooks, Thomas E.

2017-01-01

Exoplanet science can be accomplished with a telescope that has an internal coronagraph or with an external starshade. An internal coronagraph architecture requires extreme wavefront stability (10 pm change/10 minutes for 10(exp -10) contrast), so every source of wavefront error (WFE) must be controlled. Analysis has been done to estimate the thermal stability required to meet the wavefront stability requirement. This paper illustrates the potential of a new thermal control method called predictive thermal control (PTC) to achieve the required thermal stability. A simple development test using PTC indicates that PTC may meet the thermal stability requirements. Further testing of the PTC method in flight-like environments will be conducted in the X-ray and Cryogenic Facility (XRCF) at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC).

Predictive thermal control applied to HabEx

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brooks, Thomas E.

2017-09-01

Exoplanet science can be accomplished with a telescope that has an internal coronagraph or with an external starshade. An internal coronagraph architecture requires extreme wavefront stability (10 pm change/10 minutes for 10-10 contrast), so every source of wavefront error (WFE) must be controlled. Analysis has been done to estimate the thermal stability required to meet the wavefront stability requirement. This paper illustrates the potential of a new thermal control method called predictive thermal control (PTC) to achieve the required thermal stability. A simple development test using PTC indicates that PTC may meet the thermal stability requirements. Further testing of the PTC method in flight-like environments will be conducted in the X-ray and Cryogenic Facility (XRCF) at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC).

Low-Contamination Vibrating Feeder for Silicon Chips

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mackintosh, B. H.

1984-01-01

Vibratory feeding is method of controlling flow of small oddly shaped particles. Technique applied to other materials that require contamination control by feeding material through vibrating troughs topped by particular material.

Resolved motion rate and resolved acceleration servo-control of wheeled mobile robots

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Muir, P.F.; Neuman, C.P.; Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA

1989-01-01

Accurate motion control of wheeled mobile robots (WMRs) is required for their application to autonomous, semi-autonomous and teleoperated tasks. The similarities between WMRs and stationary manipulators suggest that current, successful, model-based manipulator control algorithms may be applied to WMRs. Special characteristics of WMRs including higher-pairs, closed-chains, friction and unactuated and unsensed joints require innovative modeling methodologies. The WMR modeling challenge has been recently overcome, thus enabling the application of manipulator control algorithms to WMRs. This realization lays the foundation for significant technology transfer from manipulator control to WMR control. We apply two Cartesian-space manipulator control algorithms: resolved motion rate (kinematics-based)more » and resolved acceleration (dynamics-based) control to WMR servo-control. We evaluate simulation studies of two exemplary WMRs: Uranus (a three degree-of-freedom WMR constructed at Carnegie Mellon University), and Bicsun-Bicas (a two degree-of-freedom WMR being constructed at Sandia National Laboratories) under the control of these algorithms. Although resolved motion rate servo-control is adequate for the control of Uranus, resolved acceleration servo-control is required for the control of the mechanically simpler Bicsun-Bicas because it exhibits more dynamic coupling and nonlinearities. Successful accurate motion control of these WMRs in simulation is driving current experimental research studies. 18 refs., 7 figs., 5 tabs.« less

15 CFR 738.3 - Commerce Country Chart structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... for Control listed in the Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) that applies to the item. Some... may impose license requirements on the items described in that ECCN. (1) ECCNs 0A983, 5A001.i, 5A980... of each ECCN. (d) Cells. The symbol “X” is used to denote licensing requirements on the Country Chart...

15 CFR 738.3 - Commerce Country Chart structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... for Control listed in the Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) that applies to the item. Some... may impose license requirements on the items described in that ECCN. (1) ECCNs 0A983, 5A980, 5D980... of each ECCN. (d) Cells. The symbol “X” is used to denote licensing requirements on the Country Chart...

15 CFR 738.3 - Commerce Country Chart structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... for Control listed in the Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) that applies to the item. Some... may impose license requirements on the items described in that ECCN. (1) ECCNs 0A983, 5A980, 5D980... of each ECCN. (d) Cells. The symbol “X” is used to denote licensing requirements on the Country Chart...

Longitudinal Control for Mengshi Autonomous Vehicle via Cloud Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, H. B.; Zhang, X. Y.; Li, D. Y.; Liu, Y. C.

2018-03-01

Dynamic robustness and stability control is a requirement for self-driving of autonomous vehicle. Longitudinal control method of autonomous is a key technique which has drawn the attention of industry and academe. In this paper, we present a longitudinal control algorithm based on cloud model for Mengshi autonomous vehicle to ensure the dynamic stability and tracking performance of Mengshi autonomous vehicle. An experiments is applied to test the implementation of the longitudinal control algorithm. Empirical results show that if the longitudinal control algorithm based Gauss cloud model are applied to calculate the acceleration, and the vehicles drive at different speeds, a stable longitudinal control effect is achieved.

A Study of Parameters Affecting Fibroblast Morphology in Response to an Applied Mechanical Force

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grymes, Rosalind A.; Sawyer, Christine

1994-01-01

A precisely controlled stretch/relaxation regimen (20% elongation at 6.6 cycles/min) was applied to normal human fetal, neonatal and aged dermal fibroblasts cultured on flexible membranes. Culture conditions included poly (NH2) or collagen type I coated substrate membranes; control cultures were grown on the same pliable material in the absence of applied stretch. Direct observation and immunofluorescence analyses revealed a progressive change in cell body orientation limited to the stretched dermal fibroblast cultures. Monolayers gradually (over 4 days) acquired a symmetric, radial distribution equivalent to the biaxial array of the applied force. At high seeding density, alignment was inhibited in the fetal cell cultures. This cell strain required collagen type I coating for optimal attachment to the flexible membrane, preferring growth in three-dimensional cell 'balls' on the poly(NH2) coated substrate. Neonatal cells also required the collagen type I coating, but both neonatal and aged dermal fibroblasts aligned efficiently at all seeding densities examined. The randomly oriented neonatal cells on the unstretched control membranes spontaneously detached at confluence, as a single cell sheet. Their aligned counterparts did not detach until the applied stretch stimulus was removed. Low concentrations of cytochalasin D (62.5 ng/ml) disrupted the stretch-related alignment response. Rhodamine phalloidin staining visualized fewer actin stress fibers in stretched, aligned cells than in controls. Both intercellular interactions and cytoskeletal integrity mediate the response to mechanical strain. Normal rabbit corneal stroma fibroblasts (NRC) were also analyzed, and failed to orient under these conditions. This cell type may require a different regimen, or a longer time period, to demonstrate alignment behavior. Supported by NASA Space Biology RTOP 199-40-22 and the NASA-ARC Director's Discretionary Fund.

Electric vehicle regenerative antiskid braking and traction control system

DOEpatents

Cikanek, S.R.

1995-09-12

An antiskid braking and traction control system for an electric or hybrid vehicle having a regenerative braking system operatively connected to an electric traction motor, and a separate hydraulic braking system includes one or more sensors for monitoring present vehicle parameters and a processor, responsive to the sensors, for calculating vehicle parameters defining the vehicle behavior not directly measurable by the sensors and determining if regenerative antiskid braking control, requiring hydraulic braking control, or requiring traction control are required. The processor then employs a control strategy based on the determined vehicle state and provides command signals to a motor controller to control the operation of the electric traction motor and to a brake controller to control fluid pressure applied at each vehicle wheel to provide the appropriate regenerative antiskid braking control, hydraulic braking control, and traction control. 10 figs.

Electric vehicle regenerative antiskid braking and traction control system

DOEpatents

Cikanek, Susan R.

1995-01-01

An antiskid braking and traction control system for an electric or hybrid vehicle having a regenerative braking system operatively connected to an electric traction motor, and a separate hydraulic braking system includes one or more sensors for monitoring present vehicle parameters and a processor, responsive to the sensors, for calculating vehicle parameters defining the vehicle behavior not directly measurable by the sensors and determining if regenerative antiskid braking control, requiring hydrualic braking control, or requiring traction control are required. The processor then employs a control strategy based on the determined vehicle state and provides command signals to a motor controller to control the operation of the electric traction motor and to a brake controller to control fluid pressure applied at each vehicle wheel to provide the appropriate regenerative antiskid braking control, hydraulic braking control, and traction control.

Variable frequency inverter for ac induction motors with torque, speed and braking control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nola, F. J. (Inventor)

1975-01-01

A variable frequency inverter was designed for driving an ac induction motor which varies the frequency and voltage to the motor windings in response to varying torque requirements for the motor so that the applied voltage amplitude and frequency are of optimal value for any motor load and speed requirement. The slip frequency of the motor is caused to vary proportionally to the torque and feedback is provided so that the most efficient operating voltage is applied to the motor. Winding current surge is limited and a controlled negative slip causes motor braking and return of load energy to a dc power source.

40 CFR 63.746 - Standards: Depainting operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... filter system, three-stage filter system, or other control system equivalent to the three-stage filter... section, and with the requirements specified in paragraph (b) where there are no controls for organic HAP, or paragraph (c) where organic HAP are controlled using a control system. This section does not apply...

A computerized traffic control algorithm to determine optimal traffic signal settings. Ph.D. Thesis - Toledo Univ.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seldner, K.

1977-01-01

An algorithm was developed to optimally control the traffic signals at each intersection using a discrete time traffic model applicable to heavy or peak traffic. Off line optimization procedures were applied to compute the cycle splits required to minimize the lengths of the vehicle queues and delay at each intersection. The method was applied to an extensive traffic network in Toledo, Ohio. Results obtained with the derived optimal settings are compared with the control settings presently in use.

Fuzzy logic electric vehicle regenerative antiskid braking and traction control system

DOEpatents

Cikanek, S.R.

1994-10-25

An regenerative antiskid braking and traction control system using fuzzy logic for an electric or hybrid vehicle having a regenerative braking system operatively connected to an electric traction motor, and a separate hydraulic braking system includes sensors for monitoring present vehicle parameters and a processor, responsive to the sensors, for calculating vehicle parameters defining the vehicle behavior not directly measurable by the sensor and determining if regenerative antiskid braking control, requiring hydraulic braking control, and requiring traction control are required. The processor then employs fuzzy logic based on the determined vehicle state and provides command signals to a motor controller to control operation of the electric traction motor and to the brake controller to control fluid pressure applied at each vehicle wheel to provide the appropriate regenerative braking control, hydraulic braking control, and traction control. 123 figs.

Fuzzy logic electric vehicle regenerative antiskid braking and traction control system

DOEpatents

Cikanek, Susan R.

1994-01-01

An regenerative antiskid braking and traction control system using fuzzy logic for an electric or hybrid vehicle having a regenerative braking system operatively connected to an electric traction motor, and a separate hydraulic braking system includes sensors for monitoring present vehicle parameters and a processor, responsive to the sensors, for calculating vehicle parameters defining the vehicle behavior not directly measurable by the sensor and determining if regenerative antiskid braking control, requiring hydraulic braking control, and requiring traction control are required. The processor then employs fuzzy logic based on the determined vehicle state and provides command signals to a motor controller to control operation of the electric traction motor and to the brake controller to control fluid pressure applied at each vehicle wheel to provide the appropriate regenerative braking control, hydraulic braking control, and traction control.

Variable-frequency inverter controls torque, speed, and braking in ac induction motors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nola, F. J.

1974-01-01

Dc to ac inverter provides optimum frequency and voltage to ac induction motor, in response to different motor-load and speed requirements. Inverter varies slip frequency of motor in proportion to required torque. Inverter protects motor from high current surges, controls negative slip to apply braking, and returns energy stored in momentum of load to dc power source.

40 CFR 158.400 - Product performance data requirements table.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... product bears a claim to control pest microorganisms that pose a threat to human health and whose presence...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDES Product Performance § 158.400 Product performance data... the product performance data requirements for a particular pesticide product. Notes that apply to an...

40 CFR 158.400 - Product performance data requirements table.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... product bears a claim to control pest microorganisms that pose a threat to human health and whose presence...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDES Product Performance § 158.400 Product performance data... the product performance data requirements for a particular pesticide product. Notes that apply to an...

21 CFR 1405.105 - Does this part apply to me?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Does this part apply to me? 1405.105 Section 1405.105 Food and Drugs OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Purpose and Coverage § 1405.105 Does this part apply to me? (a) Portions of...

21 CFR 1405.105 - Does this part apply to me?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Does this part apply to me? 1405.105 Section 1405.105 Food and Drugs OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Purpose and Coverage § 1405.105 Does this part apply to me? (a) Portions of...

21 CFR 1405.105 - Does this part apply to me?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Does this part apply to me? 1405.105 Section 1405.105 Food and Drugs OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Purpose and Coverage § 1405.105 Does this part apply to me? (a) Portions of...

40 CFR 63.11150 - What General Provisions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 14 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What General Provisions apply to this... Area Sources Other Requirements and Information § 63.11150 What General Provisions apply to this... a gas cleaning system controlling PM and to a sulfuric acid plant in accordance with § 63.11148(a)(2...

Optimal control of a variable spin speed CMG system for space vehicles. [Control Moment Gyros

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liu, T. C.; Chubb, W. B.; Seltzer, S. M.; Thompson, Z.

1973-01-01

Many future NASA programs require very high accurate pointing stability. These pointing requirements are well beyond anything attempted to date. This paper suggests a control system which has the capability of meeting these requirements. An optimal control law for the suggested system is specified. However, since no direct method of solution is known for this complicated system, a computation technique using successive approximations is used to develop the required solution. The method of calculus of variations is applied for estimating the changes of index of performance as well as those constraints of inequality of state variables and terminal conditions. Thus, an algorithm is obtained by the steepest descent method and/or conjugate gradient method. Numerical examples are given to show the optimal controls.

40 CFR 141.716 - Source toolbox components.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... for Microbial Toolbox Components § 141.716 Source toolbox components. (a) Watershed control program. Systems receive 0.5-log Cryptosporidium treatment credit for implementing a watershed control program that meets the requirements of this section. (1) Systems that intend to apply for the watershed control...

40 CFR 141.716 - Source toolbox components.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... for Microbial Toolbox Components § 141.716 Source toolbox components. (a) Watershed control program. Systems receive 0.5-log Cryptosporidium treatment credit for implementing a watershed control program that meets the requirements of this section. (1) Systems that intend to apply for the watershed control...

40 CFR 141.716 - Source toolbox components.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... for Microbial Toolbox Components § 141.716 Source toolbox components. (a) Watershed control program. Systems receive 0.5-log Cryptosporidium treatment credit for implementing a watershed control program that meets the requirements of this section. (1) Systems that intend to apply for the watershed control...

77 FR 36137 - Airworthiness Directives; AGUSTA S.p.A. Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-18

... the upper end of collective control rod C2 to torque tube C3 is properly installed. This AD is... prevent separation of the collective control rod from the torque tube, loss of control of the collective... helicopters because the production quality control procedures did not require recording the applied torque on...

A possible new approach to understanding mental disorder.

PubMed

Sharples, P J

2012-09-01

The aetiology of mental disorders is not fully understood. This paper presents an analysis of the conceptual control process exploring the tools of conceptual application and the phases and the mechanism of the control process and seeks to show how the illness states of mental disorder naturally come to occur. Living occurs in a world of change. For living to occur some control is required and to exert control, to provide direction for the conceptual process, some interpretation of significance, some definition of need is also required. Such interpretation, monitoring significance in relation to the many aspects of change, forms the base on which living occurs. Change in human terms is intrinsically insecure and interpretation of significance is an interpretation of security, an interpretation of control in living. Conceptual control is a process applied to maintain security, to maintain a secure base for the interpretation of significance, it is a process applied to produce and hold a sense of control. Powering a process, producing and holding a sense of control, is an active process and so requires some form of energy. Human beings have a sense of that energy, something exhibited in terms such as full of energy, tired, exhausted. As energy is required to power the control process, accompanying the sense of energy is a sense of the ability to provide power, is a sense of the ability to hold and maintain control, is a sense of security. As available energy reduces there is difficulty holding the same sense of control, a person in the same setting comes to feel more insecure. This can result in a person experiencing mental disorder from mild to severe degree. Mild where conceptual process is applied to manage just one or a very few particular needs, severe and more general where the insecurity affects the base of interpretation. In this later case seeking to protect security can lead to mania, mood-incongruent delusions, schizophrenia. Failing ability to protect can lead to generalized anxiety disorder, mood-congruent delusions, different presentations and degrees of depression. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 180.1178 - Formic acid; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... pesticide formic acid is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on honey and honeycomb when used to control tracheal mites and suppress varroa mites in bee colonies, and applied in accordance with...

40 CFR 180.1178 - Formic acid; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... pesticide formic acid is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on honey and honeycomb when used to control tracheal mites and suppress varroa mites in bee colonies, and applied in accordance with...

40 CFR 180.1178 - Formic acid; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... pesticide formic acid is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on honey and honeycomb when used to control tracheal mites and suppress varroa mites in bee colonies, and applied in accordance with...

40 CFR 180.1178 - Formic acid; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... pesticide formic acid is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on honey and honeycomb when used to control tracheal mites and suppress varroa mites in bee colonies, and applied in accordance with...

40 CFR 180.1178 - Formic acid; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... pesticide formic acid is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on honey and honeycomb when used to control tracheal mites and suppress varroa mites in bee colonies, and applied in accordance with...

40 CFR 51.117 - Additional provisions for lead.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Additional provisions for lead. 51.117... Additional provisions for lead. In addition to other requirements in §§ 51.100 through 51.116 the following requirements apply to lead. To the extent they conflict, there requirements are controlling over those of the...

40 CFR 51.117 - Additional provisions for lead.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Additional provisions for lead. 51.117... Additional provisions for lead. In addition to other requirements in §§ 51.100 through 51.116 the following requirements apply to lead. To the extent they conflict, there requirements are controlling over those of the...

40 CFR 51.117 - Additional provisions for lead.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Additional provisions for lead. 51.117... Additional provisions for lead. In addition to other requirements in §§ 51.100 through 51.116 the following requirements apply to lead. To the extent they conflict, there requirements are controlling over those of the...

40 CFR 51.117 - Additional provisions for lead.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Additional provisions for lead. 51.117... Additional provisions for lead. In addition to other requirements in §§ 51.100 through 51.116 the following requirements apply to lead. To the extent they conflict, there requirements are controlling over those of the...

Frequency control of wind turbine in power system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Huawei

2018-06-01

In order to improve the stability of the overall frequency of the power system, automatic power generation control and secondary frequency adjustment were applied. Automatic power generation control was introduced into power generation planning. A dual-fed wind generator power regulation model suitable for secondary frequency regulation was established. The results showed that this method satisfied the basic requirements of frequency regulation control of large-scale wind power access power systems and improved the stability and reliability of power system operation. Therefore, this system frequency control method and strategy is relatively simple. The effect is significant. The system frequency can quickly reach a steady state. It is worth applying and promoting.

Evaluation of induction motor performance using an electronic power factor controller

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

The concept of reducing the losses in an induction motor by electronically controlling the time interval between the zero crossing of the applied voltage and the zero crossing of the armature current was evaluated. The effect on power losses and power factor of reducing the applied sinusoidal voltages below the rated value was investigated experimentally. The reduction in power losses was measured using an electronic controller designed and built at MSFC. Modifications to the MSFC controller are described as well as a manually controlled electronic device which does not require that the motor be wye connected and the neutral available. Possible energy savings are examined.

40 CFR 63.1575 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... cracking units that are served by a single wet scrubber emission control device (e.g., a Venturi scrubber... requirements applicable to the unit that is operating and the wet scrubber emission control device do not apply...

Xenon-Ion Drilling of Tungsten Films

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garner, C. E.

1986-01-01

High-velocity xenon ions used to drill holes of controlled size and distribution through tungsten layer that sheaths surface of controlled-porosity dispenser cathode of traveling wave-tube electron emitter. Controlled-porosity dispenser cathode employs barium/calcium/ aluminum oxide mixture that migrates through pores in cathode surface, thus coating it and reducing its work function. Rapid, precise drilling technique applied to films of other metals and used in other applications where micron-scale holes required. Method requires only few hours, as opposed to tens of hours by prior methods.

30 CFR 250.614 - Well-control fluids, equipment, and operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Well-control fluids, equipment, and operations... OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Oil and Gas Well-Workover Operations § 250.614 Well-control fluids, equipment, and operations. The following requirements apply during...

Propelled abrasive grit for weed control in organic silage corn

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Weed management in organic farming requires many strategies to accomplish acceptable control and maintain crop yields. This two-year field study used air propelled abrasive grit for in-row weed control in a silage corn system. Corncob grit was applied as a single application at corn vegetative growt...

40 CFR 1060.104 - What running loss emission control requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD AND.... (3) Get an approved Executive Order from the California Air Resources Board showing that your system meets applicable running loss standards in California. (c) If you are subject to both running loss and...

40 CFR 1060.104 - What running loss emission control requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD AND.... (3) Get an approved Executive Order from the California Air Resources Board showing that your system meets applicable running loss standards in California. (c) If you are subject to both running loss and...

40 CFR 1060.104 - What running loss emission control requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD AND.... (3) Get an approved Executive Order from the California Air Resources Board showing that your system meets applicable running loss standards in California. (c) If you are subject to both running loss and...

40 CFR 1060.104 - What running loss emission control requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD AND.... (3) Get an approved Executive Order from the California Air Resources Board showing that your system meets applicable running loss standards in California. (c) If you are subject to both running loss and...

Controlled Assessments in 14-19 Diplomas: Implementation and Effects on Learning Experiences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crisp, Victoria; Green, Sylvia

2012-01-01

The Principal Learning components of 14-19 Diplomas (introduced in England in 2008) are assessed predominantly via "controlled assessments". These assessments are conducted within the learning context under specified conditions (or "controls") and require learners to apply their skills to work-related tasks. In this research,…

Apply Pesticides Correctly, A Guide for Commercial Applicators: Aquatic Pest Control.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wamsley, Mary Ann, Ed.; Vermeire, Donna M., Ed.

This guide presents information needed to meet the requirements for pesticide applicator certification. The first part deals with recognition and control of aquatic pests such as aquatic weeds, fish and other vertebrates. Environmental concerns in aquatic pest control are discussed in the second section. (CS)

A review of fault tolerant control strategies applied to proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dijoux, Etienne; Steiner, Nadia Yousfi; Benne, Michel; Péra, Marie-Cécile; Pérez, Brigitte Grondin

2017-08-01

Fuel cells are powerful systems for power generation. They have a good efficiency and do not generate greenhouse gases. This technology involves a lot of scientific fields, which leads to the appearance of strongly inter-dependent parameters. This makes the system particularly hard to control and increases fault's occurrence frequency. These two issues call for the necessity to maintain the system performance at the expected level, even in faulty operating conditions. It is called "fault tolerant control" (FTC). The present paper aims to give the state of the art of FTC applied to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The FTC approach is composed of two parts. First, a diagnosis part allows the identification and the isolation of a fault; it requires a good a priori knowledge of all the possible faults. Then, a control part allows an optimal control strategy to find the best operating point to recover/mitigate the fault; it requires the knowledge of the degradation phenomena and their mitigation strategies.

77 FR 25932 - Revisions to the Export Administration Regulations (EAR): Control of Energetic Materials and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-02

... the fact that they apply to the same group of destinations as missile technology controls (i.e., both... Requirements section of ECCN 1E101, consistent with the ``technology'' controls of the Nuclear Suppliers Group.... 120105018-2011-01] RIN 0694-AF53 Revisions to the Export Administration Regulations (EAR): Control of...

DC attenuation meter

DOEpatents

Hargrove, Douglas L.

2004-09-14

A portable, hand-held meter used to measure direct current (DC) attenuation in low impedance electrical signal cables and signal attenuators. A DC voltage is applied to the signal input of the cable and feedback to the control circuit through the signal cable and attenuators. The control circuit adjusts the applied voltage to the cable until the feedback voltage equals the reference voltage. The "units" of applied voltage required at the cable input is the system attenuation value of the cable and attenuators, which makes this meter unique. The meter may be used to calibrate data signal cables, attenuators, and cable-attenuator assemblies.

Quantifying control effort of biological and technical movements: an information-entropy-based approach.

PubMed

Haeufle, D F B; Günther, M; Wunner, G; Schmitt, S

2014-01-01

In biomechanics and biorobotics, muscles are often associated with reduced movement control effort and simplified control compared to technical actuators. This is based on evidence that the nonlinear muscle properties positively influence movement control. It is, however, open how to quantify the simplicity aspect of control effort and compare it between systems. Physical measures, such as energy consumption, stability, or jerk, have already been applied to compare biological and technical systems. Here a physical measure of control effort based on information entropy is presented. The idea is that control is simpler if a specific movement is generated with less processed sensor information, depending on the control scheme and the physical properties of the systems being compared. By calculating the Shannon information entropy of all sensor signals required for control, an information cost function can be formulated allowing the comparison of models of biological and technical control systems. Exemplarily applied to (bio-)mechanical models of hopping, the method reveals that the required information for generating hopping with a muscle driven by a simple reflex control scheme is only I=32 bits versus I=660 bits with a DC motor and a proportional differential controller. This approach to quantifying control effort captures the simplicity of a control scheme and can be used to compare completely different actuators and control approaches.

Unmanned Tactical Autonomous Control and Collaboration Situation Awareness

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-01

methodology framework using interdependence analysis (IA) tables for informing design requirements based on SA requirements. Future research should seek...requirements of UTACC. The authors then apply SA principles to Coactive Design in order to inform robotic design. The result is a methodology framework using...28  2.  Non -intrusive Methods ................................................................29  3.  Post-Mission Reviews

30 CFR 947.784 - Underground mining permit applications-minimum requirements for reclamation and operation plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Applications—Minimum Requirements for Reclamation and Operation Plan, shall apply to any person who makes... for an underground mining permit shall also indicate how compliance will be achieved with the Washington Water Pollution Control Act, RCW 90.48. ...

49 CFR 192.9 - What requirements apply to gathering lines?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... requirements of this part applicable to transmission lines; (2) If the pipeline is metallic, control corrosion... HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS General § 192.9 What...

49 CFR 192.9 - What requirements apply to gathering lines?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... requirements of this part applicable to transmission lines; (2) If the pipeline is metallic, control corrosion... HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS General § 192.9 What...

Microbiological water methods: quality control measures for Federal Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act regulatory compliance.

PubMed

Root, Patsy; Hunt, Margo; Fjeld, Karla; Kundrat, Laurie

2014-01-01

Quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) data are required in order to have confidence in the results from analytical tests and the equipment used to produce those results. Some AOAC water methods include specific QA/QC procedures, frequencies, and acceptance criteria, but these are considered to be the minimum controls needed to perform a microbiological method successfully. Some regulatory programs, such as those at Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 40, Part 136.7 for chemistry methods, require additional QA/QC measures beyond those listed in the method, which can also apply to microbiological methods. Essential QA/QC measures include sterility checks, reagent specificity and sensitivity checks, assessment of each analyst's capabilities, analysis of blind check samples, and evaluation of the presence of laboratory contamination and instrument calibration and checks. The details of these procedures, their performance frequency, and expected results are set out in this report as they apply to microbiological methods. The specific regulatory requirements of CFR Title 40 Part 136.7 for the Clean Water Act, the laboratory certification requirements of CFR Title 40 Part 141 for the Safe Drinking Water Act, and the International Organization for Standardization 17025 accreditation requirements under The NELAC Institute are also discussed.

Superiorization with level control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cegielski, Andrzej; Al-Musallam, Fadhel

2017-04-01

The convex feasibility problem is to find a common point of a finite family of closed convex subsets. In many applications one requires something more, namely finding a common point of closed convex subsets which minimizes a continuous convex function. The latter requirement leads to an application of the superiorization methodology which is actually settled between methods for convex feasibility problem and the convex constrained minimization. Inspired by the superiorization idea we introduce a method which sequentially applies a long-step algorithm for a sequence of convex feasibility problems; the method employs quasi-nonexpansive operators as well as subgradient projections with level control and does not require evaluation of the metric projection. We replace a perturbation of the iterations (applied in the superiorization methodology) by a perturbation of the current level in minimizing the objective function. We consider the method in the Euclidean space in order to guarantee the strong convergence, although the method is well defined in a Hilbert space.

Basic characteristics and realization of production system control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Shaopeng; Shell, Richard; Hall, Ernest L.

1992-11-01

This paper analyzes the issues involved in developing an intelligent production control system. It describes the basic characteristics of a production control system and an effective design methodology to realize the production control functions. Petri net, subsystem and hierarchical control concepts are applied to a computer integrated material handling system (MHS). Some communication and interface requirements of the MHS are also considered in this paper. The control system solution is illustrated with an actual MHS operation case which indicates that a truly flexible and integrated production system can be realized with a Petri net operation model and a hierarchical control structure. The significance of this work is related to the different operation testing and evaluation requirements encountered in manufacturing.

Integrated flight/propulsion control - Subsystem specifications for performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Neighbors, W. K.; Rock, Stephen M.

1993-01-01

A procedure is presented for calculating multiple subsystem specifications given a number of performance requirements on the integrated system. This procedure applies to problems where the control design must be performed in a partitioned manner. It is based on a structured singular value analysis, and generates specifications as magnitude bounds on subsystem uncertainties. The performance requirements should be provided in the form of bounds on transfer functions of the integrated system. This form allows the expression of model following, command tracking, and disturbance rejection requirements. The procedure is demonstrated on a STOVL aircraft design.

Display/control requirements for automated VTOL aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoffman, W. C.; Kleinman, D. L.; Young, L. R.

1976-01-01

A systematic design methodology for pilot displays in advanced commercial VTOL aircraft was developed and refined. The analyst is provided with a step-by-step procedure for conducting conceptual display/control configurations evaluations for simultaneous monitoring and control pilot tasks. The approach consists of three phases: formulation of information requirements, configuration evaluation, and system selection. Both the monitoring and control performance models are based upon the optimal control model of the human operator. Extensions to the conventional optimal control model required in the display design methodology include explicit optimization of control/monitoring attention; simultaneous monitoring and control performance predictions; and indifference threshold effects. The methodology was applied to NASA's experimental CH-47 helicopter in support of the VALT program. The CH-47 application examined the system performance of six flight conditions. Four candidate configurations are suggested for evaluation in pilot-in-the-loop simulations and eventual flight tests.

Patterning of alloy precipitation through external pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Franklin, Jack A.

Due to the nature of their microstructure, alloyed components have the benefit of meeting specific design goals across a wide range of electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. In general by selecting the correct alloy system and applying a proper heat treatment it is possible to create a metallic sample whose properties achieve a unique set of design requirements. This dissertation presents an innovative processing technique intended to control both the location of formation and the growth rates of precipitates within metallic alloys in order to create multiple patterned areas of unique microstructure within a single sample. Specific experimental results for the Al-Cu alloy system will be shown. The control over precipitation is achieved by altering the conventional heat treatment process with an external surface load applied to selected locations during the quench and anneal. It is shown that the applied pressures affect both the rate and directionality of the atomic diffusion in regions close to the loaded surfaces. The control over growth rates is achieved by altering the enthalpic energy required for successful diffusion between lattice sites. Changes in the local chemical free energy required to direct the diffusion of atoms are established by introducing a non-uniform elastic strain energy field within the samples created by the patterned surface pressures. Either diffusion rates or atomic mobility can be selected as the dominating control process by varying the quench rate; with slower quenches having greater control over the mobility of the alloying elements. Results have shown control of Al2Cu precipitation over 100 microns on mechanically polished surfaces. Further experimental considerations presented will address consistency across sample ensembles. This includes repeatable pressure loading conditions and the chemical interaction between any furnace environments and both the alloy sample and metallic pressure loading devices.

42 CFR 456.480 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS UTILIZATION CONTROL Inpatient Psychiatric Services for Individuals Under Age 21... requirements that apply to inpatient psychiatric services for individuals under age 21 in hospitals, mental...

The cost of model reference adaptive control - Analysis, experiments, and optimization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Messer, R. S.; Haftka, R. T.; Cudney, H. H.

1993-01-01

In this paper the performance of Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) is studied in numerical simulations and verified experimentally with the objective of understanding how differences between the plant and the reference model affect the control effort. MRAC is applied analytically and experimentally to a single degree of freedom system and analytically to a MIMO system with controlled differences between the model and the plant. It is shown that the control effort is sensitive to differences between the plant and the reference model. The effects of increased damping in the reference model are considered, and it is shown that requiring the controller to provide increased damping actually decreases the required control effort when differences between the plant and reference model exist. This result is useful because one of the first attempts to counteract the increased control effort due to differences between the plant and reference model might be to require less damping, however, this would actually increase the control effort. Optimization of weighting matrices is shown to help reduce the increase in required control effort. However, it was found that eventually the optimization resulted in a design that required an extremely high sampling rate for successful realization.

[Microbiological verification of a self control plan for a hospital food service].

PubMed

Torre, I; Pennino, F; Crispino, M

2006-01-01

During the past years, it has been an increment of food related infectious diseases. In order to avoid micro biological food contamination, adherence to good manufacturing is required through control measures of food safety practices. Updated national and European regulations underline the need to apply the HACCP system, overcoming the old concept of sample control on the end user product. This work shows results of microbiological controls made along the whole productive chain. Measurements are made using biomolecular techniques (PFGE) in order to assess the management of the micro biological risk of the self control plan applied to a hospital food service of Naples. The use of the PFGE applied on some micro-organisms gram negative potentially pathogen, underlines the circulation, continued in time, of these micro-organisms within the cooking area. In addition, cross contamination between several matrixes of samples has been detected.

40 CFR 86.016-1 - General applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... solar-powered vehicles. Use good engineering judgment to apply these requirements to these vehicles... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for... the manufacturer satisfies the requirements of § 86.007-23(f). (3) When a manufacturer chooses to use...

40 CFR 86.016-1 - General applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... solar-powered vehicles. Use good engineering judgment to apply these requirements to these vehicles... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for... the manufacturer satisfies the requirements of § 86.007-23(f). (3) When a manufacturer chooses to use...

40 CFR 63.806 - Recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... guns showing total finishing material usage and the percentage of finishing materials applied with conventional air spray guns for each semiannual period as required by § 63.803(h)(5). (5) Records associated...) or (g)(4) shall maintain copies of the calculations demonstrating that the overall control efficiency...

Analytical Study of Cockpit Information Requirements.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-04-01

monitoring and control of engine case heating and cooling . Generally, the crew will be buffered from these changes by the increasingly more...advantages of color for prioritization, data separation and added dimensionality should apply equally well here as with conventional EADI and EHSI formats...addition of position/time control to a 3-D RNAV system converts it into a 4-D system. A 3-D system requires the addition of a time source plus software

Quality assurance tendering and awarding contracts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1994-12-01

Standards relating to quality control can be significantly useful when tendering for and awarding contracts. However, because it is sometimes difficult to express these standards in palpable economic terms, they can (practically) never be applied as criteria for awarding contracts in accordance with U.A.R. (Uniform General Standards) 1986. Therefore it would be advisable in the future to regard the availability of a (certified) system of quality control as being a standard requirement. To this end, a paragraph setting requirements for a quality control plan should be included in the specification. A quality control plan will be required on awarding a contract. This envisaged scenario can best achieved through a transitional phase. During this period there will be opportunity enough for removing any shortcomings in the wording and for considering standards to be required and assessment procedures.

Assessment of the potential human health risks from exposure to complex substances in accordance with REACH requirements. "White spirit" as a case study.

PubMed

McKee, Richard H; Tibaldi, Rosalie; Adenuga, Moyinoluwa D; Carrillo, Juan-Carlos; Margary, Alison

2018-02-01

The European chemical control regulation (REACH) requires that data on physical/chemical, toxicological and environmental hazards be compiled. Additionally, REACH requires formal assessments to ensure that substances can be safely used for their intended purposes. For health hazard assessments, reference values (Derived No Effect levels, DNELs) are calculated from toxicology data and compared to estimated exposure levels. If the ratio of the predicted exposure level to the DNEL, i.e. the Risk Characterization Ratio (RCR), is less than 1, the risk is considered controlled; otherwise, additional Risk Management Measures (RMM) must be applied. These requirements pose particular challenges for complex substances. Herein, "white spirit", a complex hydrocarbon solvent, is used as an example to illustrate how these procedures were applied. Hydrocarbon solvents were divided into categories of similar substances. Representative substances were identified for DNEL determinations. Adjustment factors were applied to the no effect levels to calculate the DNELs. Exposure assessments utilized a standardized set of generic exposure scenarios (GES) which incorporated exposure predictions for solvent handling activities. Computer-based tools were developed to automate RCR calculations and identify appropriate RMMs, allowing consistent communications to users via safety data sheets. Copyright © 2017 ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Utilization of fluidized bed material as a calcium and sulfur source for apples

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Korcak, R.F.

1984-01-01

Fluidized bed material (FBM), a dry, high Ca, alkaline waste product which results from combining coal and limestone, was used as a Ca or S source or lime substitute in an established apple orchard (Malus domestica Borkh., cv. York Imperial) over a four year period. Treatment comparisons were made between FBM was applied at one or two times (1x or 2x) the soil lime requirement and CaCO/sub 3/ applied at the lime requirement (1x). Additionally, FBM 1x was compared to a combination treatment consisting of CaCO/sub 3/ plus gypsum to apply similar amounts of Ca and S. All treatments weremore » also compared to an untreated control. No significant treatment comparisons were noted on leaf Ca levels, however, leaf Mg significantly decreased when FBM applied at the 1x or 2x level compared to CaCO/sub 3/ 1x. When FBM was compared with CaCO/sub 3/ plus gypsum there was a significant decrease in leaf Ca with FBM but no difference in leaf Mg. These effects were probably due to either a solubility difference between nutrients or to actual amount of Mg applied by the different sources. Leaf S levels were unaffected by treatments. Yields, fresh fruit weight and the incidence of cork spot were little affected by treatments. Soil extractable Mg, 1N NH/sub 4/Ac, was not a good prediction of leaf Mg content or Mg added to the soil. Only soil Al was significantly reduced, compared to the control, by the treatments among the metals studied (Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb and Al). FBM applied at twice the lime requirement (wt. basis) resulted in similar soil pH to CaCO/sub 3/ applied at the lime requirement. 14 references, 6 figures, 1 table.« less

Applying Sigma Metrics to Reduce Outliers.

PubMed

Litten, Joseph

2017-03-01

Sigma metrics can be used to predict assay quality, allowing easy comparison of instrument quality and predicting which tests will require minimal quality control (QC) rules to monitor the performance of the method. A Six Sigma QC program can result in fewer controls and fewer QC failures for methods with a sigma metric of 5 or better. The higher the number of methods with a sigma metric of 5 or better, the lower the costs for reagents, supplies, and control material required to monitor the performance of the methods. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Design and implementation of robust controllers for a gait trainer.

PubMed

Wang, F C; Yu, C H; Chou, T Y

2009-08-01

This paper applies robust algorithms to control an active gait trainer for children with walking disabilities. Compared with traditional rehabilitation procedures, in which two or three trainers are required to assist the patient, a motor-driven mechanism was constructed to improve the efficiency of the procedures. First, a six-bar mechanism was designed and constructed to mimic the trajectory of children's ankles in walking. Second, system identification techniques were applied to obtain system transfer functions at different operating points by experiments. Third, robust control algorithms were used to design Hinfinity robust controllers for the system. Finally, the designed controllers were implemented to verify experimentally the system performance. From the results, the proposed robust control strategies are shown to be effective.

Voltage control of magnetic monopoles in artificial spin ice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chavez, Andres C.; Barra, Anthony; Carman, Gregory P.

2018-06-01

Current research on artificial spin ice (ASI) systems has revealed unique hysteretic memory effects and mobile quasi-particle monopoles controlled by externally applied magnetic fields. Here, we numerically demonstrate a strain-mediated multiferroic approach to locally control the ASI monopoles. The magnetization of individual lattice elements is controlled by applying voltage pulses to the piezoelectric layer resulting in strain-induced magnetic precession timed for 180° reorientation. The model demonstrates localized voltage control to move the magnetic monopoles across lattice sites, in CoFeB, Ni, and FeGa based ASI’s. The switching is achieved at frequencies near ferromagnetic resonance and requires energies below 620 aJ. The results demonstrate that ASI monopoles can be efficiently and locally controlled with a strain-mediated multiferroic approach.

Investigation of energy management strategies for photovoltaic systems - An analysis technique

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cull, R. C.; Eltimsahy, A. H.

1982-01-01

Progress is reported in formulating energy management strategies for stand-alone PV systems, developing an analytical tool that can be used to investigate these strategies, applying this tool to determine the proper control algorithms and control variables (controller inputs and outputs) for a range of applications, and quantifying the relative performance and economics when compared to systems that do not apply energy management. The analysis technique developed may be broadly applied to a variety of systems to determine the most appropriate energy management strategies, control variables and algorithms. The only inputs required are statistical distributions for stochastic energy inputs and outputs of the system and the system's device characteristics (efficiency and ratings). Although the formulation was originally driven by stand-alone PV system needs, the techniques are also applicable to hybrid and grid connected systems.

Investigation of energy management strategies for photovoltaic systems - An analysis technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cull, R. C.; Eltimsahy, A. H.

Progress is reported in formulating energy management strategies for stand-alone PV systems, developing an analytical tool that can be used to investigate these strategies, applying this tool to determine the proper control algorithms and control variables (controller inputs and outputs) for a range of applications, and quantifying the relative performance and economics when compared to systems that do not apply energy management. The analysis technique developed may be broadly applied to a variety of systems to determine the most appropriate energy management strategies, control variables and algorithms. The only inputs required are statistical distributions for stochastic energy inputs and outputs of the system and the system's device characteristics (efficiency and ratings). Although the formulation was originally driven by stand-alone PV system needs, the techniques are also applicable to hybrid and grid connected systems.

21 CFR 107.50 - Terms and conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition concludes that additional or modified quality control... also typically represented and labeled for use to provide dietary management for diseases or conditions... regulations promulgated under section 412(a)(2) of the act, the quality control procedure requirements of part...

Structured representation for requirements and specifications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cohen, Gerald C.; Fisher, Gene; Frincke, Deborah; Wolber, Dave

1991-01-01

This document was generated in support of NASA contract NAS1-18586, Design and Validation of Digital Flight Control Systems suitable for Fly-By-Wire Applications, Task Assignment 2. Task 2 is associated with a formal representation of requirements and specifications. In particular, this document contains results associated with the development of a Wide-Spectrum Requirements Specification Language (WSRSL) that can be used to express system requirements and specifications in both stylized and formal forms. Included with this development are prototype tools to support the specification language. In addition a preliminary requirements specification methodology based on the WSRSL has been developed. Lastly, the methodology has been applied to an Advanced Subsonic Civil Transport Flight Control System.

Modern control techniques in active flutter suppression using a control moment gyro

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buchek, P. M.

1974-01-01

Development of organized synthesis techniques, using concepts of modern control theory was studied for the design of active flutter suppression systems for two and three-dimensional lifting surfaces, utilizing a control moment gyro (CMG) to generate the required control torques. Incompressible flow theory is assumed, with the unsteady aerodynamic forces and moments for arbitrary airfoil motion obtained by using the convolution integral based on Wagner's indicial lift function. Linear optimal control theory is applied to find particular optimal sets of gain values which minimize a quadratic performance function. The closed loop system's response to impulsive gust disturbances and the resulting control power requirements are investigated, and the system eigenvalues necessary to minimize the maximum value of control power are determined.

40 CFR 51.117 - Additional provisions for lead.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... requirements apply to lead. To the extent they conflict, there requirements are controlling over those of the... the following point sources of lead: Primary lead smelters, Secondary lead smelters, Primary copper... or more batteries per day. Any other stationary source that actually emits 25 or more tons per year...

49 CFR 220.9 - Requirements for trains.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... locomotive in the consist or other means of working wireless communications. (b) On and after July 1, 2000, the following requirements apply to a railroad that has fewer than 400,000 annual employee work hours... controlling locomotive and with redundant working wireless communications capability in the same manner as...

49 CFR 238.105 - Train electronic hardware and software safety.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Train electronic hardware and software safety. 238... and General Requirements § 238.105 Train electronic hardware and software safety. The requirements of this section apply to electronic hardware and software used to control or monitor safety functions in...

49 CFR 238.105 - Train electronic hardware and software safety.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Train electronic hardware and software safety. 238... and General Requirements § 238.105 Train electronic hardware and software safety. The requirements of this section apply to electronic hardware and software used to control or monitor safety functions in...

49 CFR 238.105 - Train electronic hardware and software safety.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Train electronic hardware and software safety. 238... and General Requirements § 238.105 Train electronic hardware and software safety. The requirements of this section apply to electronic hardware and software used to control or monitor safety functions in...

49 CFR 238.105 - Train electronic hardware and software safety.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Train electronic hardware and software safety. 238... and General Requirements § 238.105 Train electronic hardware and software safety. The requirements of this section apply to electronic hardware and software used to control or monitor safety functions in...

40 CFR 63.11397 - What General Provisions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Fibers Production Area Sources Other Requirements and Information § 63.11397 What General Provisions... vent system and control device, flare, or recovery device), fiber spinning line, AN storage tank..., your notification of compliance status required by § 63.9(h) must include the following information: (1...

40 CFR 63.11397 - What General Provisions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Fibers Production Area Sources Other Requirements and Information § 63.11397 What General Provisions... vent system and control device, flare, or recovery device), fiber spinning line, AN storage tank..., your notification of compliance status required by § 63.9(h) must include the following information: (1...

40 CFR 86.1773-99 - Test sequence; general requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... paragraph (c) of this section shall apply. For all hybrid electric vehicles and all 1995 and subsequent... required for fuel-flexible and dual-fuel vehicles when operating on gasoline. Natural gas, hybrid electric...) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES...

40 CFR 122.26 - Storm water discharges (applicable to State NPDES programs, see § 123.25).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... controls are not needed based on a TMDL or, for non-impaired waters that do not require a TMDL, an... applied; the location and a description of existing structural and non-structural control measures to... controls would be those suitable to the site conditions and consistent with generally accepted engineering...

40 CFR 1048.105 - What evaporative emission standards and requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW, LARGE NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION... specified in § 1048.501. Diurnal emission controls must continue to function during engine operation. (d... 62 kPa (9 psi) begins to boil at about 53 °C at atmospheric pressure, and at about 60 °C for fuel...

10 CFR Appendix A to Part 40 - Criteria Relating to the Operation of Uranium Mills and the Disposition of Tailings or Wastes...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... to be relied upon for seepage control, tests must be conducted with representative tailings solutions... itself. (6) The design requirements in this criterion for longevity and control of radon releases apply... licensee shall control, minimize, or eliminate post-closure escape of nonradiological hazardous...

40 CFR 180.930 - Inert ingredients applied to animals; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... clay Solid diluent, carrier Barium sulfate (CAS Reg. No. 7727-43-7) Carrier, density control agent...-Difluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-37-6) For aerosol pesticide formulations used for insect control in food- and... tris-12-hydroxystearate Flow control agent Graphite Solid diluent, carrier n-Hexyl alcohol (CAS Reg. No...

Aircraft flight test trajectory control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Menon, P. K. A.; Walker, R. A.

1988-01-01

Two control law design techniques are compared and the performance of the resulting controllers evaluated. The design requirement is for a flight test trajectory controller (FTTC) capable of closed-loop, outer-loop control of an F-15 aircraft performing high-quality research flight test maneuvers. The maneuver modeling, linearization, and design methodologies utilized in this research, are detailed. The results of applying these FTTCs to a nonlinear F-15 simulation are presented.

Dynamic Exergy Method for Evaluating the Control and Operation of Oxy-Combustion Boiler Island Systems.

PubMed

Jin, Bo; Zhao, Haibo; Zheng, Chuguang; Liang, Zhiwu

2017-01-03

Exergy-based methods are widely applied to assess the performance of energy conversion systems; however, these methods mainly focus on a certain steady-state and have limited applications for evaluating the control impacts on system operation. To dynamically obtain the thermodynamic behavior and reveal the influences of control structures, layers and loops, on system energy performance, a dynamic exergy method is developed, improved, and applied to a complex oxy-combustion boiler island system for the first time. The three most common operating scenarios are studied, and the results show that the flow rate change process leads to less energy consumption than oxygen purity and air in-leakage change processes. The variation of oxygen purity produces the largest impact on system operation, and the operating parameter sensitivity is not affected by the presence of process control. The control system saves energy during flow rate and oxygen purity change processes, while it consumes energy during the air in-leakage change process. More attention should be paid to the oxygen purity change because it requires the largest control cost. In the control system, the supervisory control layer requires the greatest energy consumption and the largest control cost to maintain operating targets, while the steam control loops cause the main energy consumption.

9 CFR 417.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE FEDERAL MEAT INSPECTION ACT AND THE POULTRY PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT HAZARD ANALYSIS AND... control point. A point, step, or procedure in a food process at which control can be applied and, as a...

9 CFR 417.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE FEDERAL MEAT INSPECTION ACT AND THE POULTRY PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT HAZARD ANALYSIS AND... control point. A point, step, or procedure in a food process at which control can be applied and, as a...

9 CFR 417.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE FEDERAL MEAT INSPECTION ACT AND THE POULTRY PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT HAZARD ANALYSIS AND... control point. A point, step, or procedure in a food process at which control can be applied and, as a...

9 CFR 417.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE FEDERAL MEAT INSPECTION ACT AND THE POULTRY PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT HAZARD ANALYSIS AND... control point. A point, step, or procedure in a food process at which control can be applied and, as a...

9 CFR 417.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE FEDERAL MEAT INSPECTION ACT AND THE POULTRY PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT HAZARD ANALYSIS AND... control point. A point, step, or procedure in a food process at which control can be applied and, as a...

Design Considerations for Siting Grade Control Structures

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-12-01

require consideration before siting grade control structures. In the widest sense, the term grade control can be applied to any alteration in the...control structures. There are two basic types of grade control structures. One type can be referred to as a bed control structure as it is designed to...provide a hard point in the streambed that is capable of resisting the erosive forces of the degradational zone. The second type can be referred to

A spacecraft integrated power/attitude control system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keckler, C. R.; Jacobs, K. L.

1974-01-01

A study to determine the viability and application of a system capable of performing the dual function of power storage/generation and attitude control has been conducted. Results from the study indicate that an integrated power/attitude control system (IPACS) can satisfy future mission requirements while providing significant savings in weight, volume, and cost over conventional systems. A failure-mode configuration of an IPACS was applied to a shuttle-launched RAM free-flyer and simulated using make-do hardware linked to a hybrid computer. Data from the simulation runs indicate that control interactions resulting from heavy power demands have minimal effect on system control effectiveness. The system was shown to be capable of meeting the stringent pointing requirements of 1 arc-second while operating under the influence of an orbital disturbance environment and during periods of momentum variations imposed by energy transfer requirements.

Using VAPEPS for noise control on Space Station Freedom

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Badilla, Gloria; Bergen, Thomas; Scharton, Terry

1991-01-01

Noise environmental control is an important design consideration for Space Station Freedom (SSF), both for crew safety and productivity. Acoustic noise requirements are established to eliminate fatigue and potential hearing loss by crew members from long-term exposure and to facilitate speech communication. VAPEPS (VibroAcoustic Payload Environment Prediction System) is currently being applied to SSF for prediction of the on-orbit noise and vibration environments induced in the 50 to 10,000 Hz frequency range. Various sources such as fans, pumps, centrifuges, exercise equipment, and other mechanical devices are used in the analysis. The predictions will be used in design tradeoff studies and to provide confidence that requirements will be met. Preliminary predictions show that the required levels will be exceeded unless substantial noise control measures are incorporated in the SSF design. Predicted levels for an SSF design without acoustic control treatments exceed requirements by 25 dB in some one-third octave frequency bands.

Kalman filter control of a model of spatiotemporal cortical dynamics

PubMed Central

Schiff, Steven J; Sauer, Tim

2007-01-01

Recent advances in Kalman filtering to estimate system state and parameters in nonlinear systems have offered the potential to apply such approaches to spatiotemporal nonlinear systems. We here adapt the nonlinear method of unscented Kalman filtering to observe the state and estimate parameters in a computational spatiotemporal excitable system that serves as a model for cerebral cortex. We demonstrate the ability to track spiral wave dynamics, and to use an observer system to calculate control signals delivered through applied electrical fields. We demonstrate how this strategy can control the frequency of such a system, or quench the wave patterns, while minimizing the energy required for such results. These findings are readily testable in experimental applications, and have the potential to be applied to the treatment of human disease. PMID:18310806

40 CFR 63.7326 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations that apply to me?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Pollutants for Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks Initial Compliance Requirements § 63.7326... coke oven battery subject to the emission limit for particulate matter from a control device applied to... process-weighted mass rate of particulate matter (lb/ton of coke), measured in accordance with the...

40 CFR 63.7326 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations that apply to me?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Pollutants for Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks Initial Compliance Requirements § 63.7326... coke oven battery subject to the emission limit for particulate matter from a control device applied to... process-weighted mass rate of particulate matter (lb/ton of coke), measured in accordance with the...

40 CFR 63.7326 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations that apply to me?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Pollutants for Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks Initial Compliance Requirements § 63.7326... coke oven battery subject to the emission limit for particulate matter from a control device applied to... process-weighted mass rate of particulate matter (lb/ton of coke), measured in accordance with the...

40 CFR 63.7326 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations that apply to me?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Pollutants for Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks Initial Compliance Requirements § 63.7326... coke oven battery subject to the emission limit for particulate matter from a control device applied to... process-weighted mass rate of particulate matter (lb/ton of coke), measured in accordance with the...

40 CFR 63.7326 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations that apply to me?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Pollutants for Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks Initial Compliance Requirements § 63.7326... coke oven battery subject to the emission limit for particulate matter from a control device applied to... process-weighted mass rate of particulate matter (lb/ton of coke), measured in accordance with the...

SGML and HTML: The Merging of Document Management and Electronic Document Publishing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dixon, Ross

1996-01-01

Document control is an issue for organizations that use SGML/HTML. The prevalent approach is to apply the same techniques to document elements that are applied to full documents, a practice that has led to an overlap of electronic publishing and document management. Lists requirements for the management of SGML/HTML documents. (PEN)

Thermal Control Working Group report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haslett, Robert; Mahefkey, E. Thomas

1986-01-01

The Thermal Control Working Group limited its evaluation to issues associated with Earth orbiting and planetary spacecraft with power levels up to 50 kW. It was concluded that the space station technology is a necessary precursor but does not meet S/C 2000 needs (life, high heat flux, long term cryogenics, and survivability). Additional basic and applied research are required (fluid/materials compatibility and two phase system modeling). Scaling, the key issue, must define accelerated life test criteria. The two phase systems require 0g to 1 g correlation. Additional ground test beds are required and combined space environment tests of materials.

40 CFR 1054.115 - What other requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW, SMALL NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES AND EQUIPMENT... § 1054.145(c), engines must meet applicable emission standards at all specified atmospheric pressures, except that for atmospheric pressures below 94.0 kPa you may rely on an altitude kit for all testing if...

21 CFR 111.20 - What design and construction requirements apply to your physical plant?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... surfaces, with microorganisms, chemicals, filth, or other extraneous material. Your physical plant must have, and you must use, separate or defined areas of adequate size or other control systems, such as computerized inventory controls or automated systems of separation, to prevent contamination and mixups of...

21 CFR 111.20 - What design and construction requirements apply to your physical plant?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... surfaces, with microorganisms, chemicals, filth, or other extraneous material. Your physical plant must have, and you must use, separate or defined areas of adequate size or other control systems, such as computerized inventory controls or automated systems of separation, to prevent contamination and mixups of...

40 CFR 1060.105 - What diurnal requirements apply for equipment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD AND STATIONARY... meet the diurnal emission standards adopted by the California Air Resources Board in the Final Regulation Order, Article 1, Chapter 15, Division 3, Title 13, California Code of Regulations, July 26, 2004...

40 CFR 1060.105 - What diurnal requirements apply for equipment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD AND STATIONARY... meet the diurnal emission standards adopted by the California Air Resources Board in the Final Regulation Order, Article 1, Chapter 15, Division 3, Title 13, California Code of Regulations, July 26, 2004...

40 CFR 1060.105 - What diurnal requirements apply for equipment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD AND STATIONARY... equipment may optionally meet the diurnal emission standards adopted by the California Air Resources Board in the Final Regulation Order, Article 1, Chapter 15, Division 3, Title 13, California Code of...

40 CFR 1060.105 - What diurnal requirements apply for equipment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD AND STATIONARY... meet the diurnal emission standards adopted by the California Air Resources Board in the Final Regulation Order, Article 1, Chapter 15, Division 3, Title 13, California Code of Regulations, July 26, 2004...

40 CFR 1060.105 - What diurnal requirements apply for equipment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD AND STATIONARY... meet the diurnal emission standards adopted by the California Air Resources Board in the Final Regulation Order, Article 1, Chapter 15, Division 3, Title 13, California Code of Regulations, July 26, 2004...

49 CFR 195.567 - Which pipelines must have test leads and what must I do to install and maintain the leads?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Corrosion Control § 195.567 Which pipelines must have test leads and what must I do to install and maintain... corrosion control. However, this requirement does not apply until December 27, 2004 to pipelines or pipeline...

49 CFR 195.567 - Which pipelines must have test leads and what must I do to install and maintain the leads?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Corrosion Control § 195.567 Which pipelines must have test leads and what must I do to install and maintain... corrosion control. However, this requirement does not apply until December 27, 2004 to pipelines or pipeline...

49 CFR 195.567 - Which pipelines must have test leads and what must I do to install and maintain the leads?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Corrosion Control § 195.567 Which pipelines must have test leads and what must I do to install and maintain... corrosion control. However, this requirement does not apply until December 27, 2004 to pipelines or pipeline...

49 CFR 195.567 - Which pipelines must have test leads and what must I do to install and maintain the leads?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Corrosion Control § 195.567 Which pipelines must have test leads and what must I do to install and maintain... corrosion control. However, this requirement does not apply until December 27, 2004 to pipelines or pipeline...

Proposed Approval of California Air Plan Revision; San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District; Reasonably Available Control Technology Demonstration

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA isproposing to approve revisions to the SJVUAPCD portion of the California SIP applying to the San Joaquin Valley of California concerning demonstration regarding RACT requirements for the 2008 8-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS)

Onion and weed response to mustard (Sinapis alba) seed meal

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Weed control in organic onion production is often difficult and expensive, requiring numerous cultivations and extensive hand-weeding. Onion safety and weed control with mustard seed meal (MSM) derived from Sinapis alba was evaluated in greenhouse and field trials. MSM applied at 110, 220, and 440 g...

31 CFR 592.301 - Controlled through the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Process Certification Scheme. 592.301 Section 592.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... Certification Scheme. (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the term controlled through the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme refers to the following requirements that apply, as...

31 CFR 592.301 - Controlled through the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Process Certification Scheme. 592.301 Section 592.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... Certification Scheme. (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the term controlled through the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme refers to the following requirements that apply, as...

31 CFR 592.301 - Controlled through the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Process Certification Scheme. 592.301 Section 592.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... Certification Scheme. (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the term controlled through the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme refers to the following requirements that apply, as...

31 CFR 592.301 - Controlled through the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Process Certification Scheme. 592.301 Section 592.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... Certification Scheme. (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the term controlled through the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme refers to the following requirements that apply, as...

31 CFR 592.301 - Controlled through the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Process Certification Scheme. 592.301 Section 592.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... Certification Scheme. (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the term controlled through the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme refers to the following requirements that apply, as...

40 CFR 63.40 - Applicability of §§ 63.40 through 63.44.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Requirements for Control Technology Determinations for Major Sources in Accordance With Clean Air Act Sections...). (c) Exclusion for electric utility steam generating units. The requirements of this subpart do not apply to electric utility steam generating units unless and until such time as these units are added to...

40 CFR 91.110 - Requirement of certification-prohibited controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... risk to public health, welfare, or safety in its operation or function. (b) You may not design your... unreasonable risk to public health, welfare, or safety while operating. For example, this would apply if the... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Requirement of certification-prohibited...

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY: CONTROL OF PATHOGENS AND VECTOR ATTRACTION IN SEWAGE SLUDGE (INCLUDING DOMESTIC SEWAGE) UNDER 40 CFR PART 503

EPA Science Inventory

This document describes the federal requirements concerning pathogens in sewage sludge applied to land or placed on a surface disposal site, and it provides guidance concerning those requirements. The document is intended for: (1) Owners and operators of treatment works treati...

40 CFR 63.2455 - What requirements must I meet for continuous process vents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical... any continuous process vent that is combined with Group 1 batch process vents before a control device or recovery device because the requirements of § 63.2450(c)(2)(i) apply to the combined stream. (2...

40 CFR 270.25 - Specific part B information requirements for equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... characteristics and control device operation parameters as specified in § 264.1035(b)(4)(iii). (4) A statement... Permit Application § 270.25 Specific part B information requirements for equipment. Except as otherwise... implementation schedule as specified in § 264.1033(a)(2). (c) Where an owner or operator applies for permission...

40 CFR 270.25 - Specific part B information requirements for equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... characteristics and control device operation parameters as specified in § 264.1035(b)(4)(iii). (4) A statement... Permit Application § 270.25 Specific part B information requirements for equipment. Except as otherwise... implementation schedule as specified in § 264.1033(a)(2). (c) Where an owner or operator applies for permission...

40 CFR 270.25 - Specific part B information requirements for equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... characteristics and control device operation parameters as specified in § 264.1035(b)(4)(iii). (4) A statement... Permit Application § 270.25 Specific part B information requirements for equipment. Except as otherwise... implementation schedule as specified in § 264.1033(a)(2). (c) Where an owner or operator applies for permission...

49 CFR 195.11 - What is a regulated rural gathering line and what requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... subpart H of this part, except corrosion control is not required for pipelines existing on July 3, 2008... (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE General § 195.11 What is a regulated rural...

49 CFR 195.11 - What is a regulated rural gathering line and what requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... subpart H of this part, except corrosion control is not required for pipelines existing on July 3, 2008... (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE General § 195.11 What is a regulated rural...

40 CFR 63.40 - Applicability of §§ 63.40 through 63.44.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Requirements for Control Technology Determinations for Major Sources in Accordance With Clean Air Act Sections...). (c) Exclusion for electric utility steam generating units. The requirements of this subpart do not apply to electric utility steam generating units unless and until such time as these units are added to...

40 CFR 63.40 - Applicability of §§ 63.40 through 63.44.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Requirements for Control Technology Determinations for Major Sources in Accordance With Clean Air Act Sections...). (c) Exclusion for electric utility steam generating units. The requirements of this subpart do not apply to electric utility steam generating units unless and until such time as these units are added to...

40 CFR 63.40 - Applicability of §§ 63.40 through 63.44.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Requirements for Control Technology Determinations for Major Sources in Accordance With Clean Air Act Sections...). (c) Exclusion for electric utility steam generating units. The requirements of this subpart do not apply to electric utility steam generating units unless and until such time as these units are added to...

40 CFR 63.40 - Applicability of §§ 63.40 through 63.44.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Requirements for Control Technology Determinations for Major Sources in Accordance With Clean Air Act Sections...). (c) Exclusion for electric utility steam generating units. The requirements of this subpart do not apply to electric utility steam generating units unless and until such time as these units are added to...

40 CFR 63.655 - Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... a process shutdown shall be recorded and retained for 2 years. (ii) [Reserved] (2) The Notification... failure is detected in the control equipment. (i) For vessels for which annual inspections are required... listed in paragraphs (g)(2)(i)(A) through (g)(2)(i)(C) of this section apply. (A) A failure is defined as...

40 CFR 62.9510 - Identification of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Oregon Control... sources. The plan applies to all existing MSW landfill facilities in Oregon meeting the requirements as...

Computer interface for mechanical arm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Derocher, W. L.; Zermuehlen, R. O.

1978-01-01

Man/machine interface commands computer-controlled mechanical arm. Remotely-controlled arm has six degrees of freedom and is controlled through "supervisory-control" mode, in which all motions of arm follow set of preprogramed sequences. For simplicity, few prescribed commands are required to accomplish entire operation. Applications include operating computer-controlled arm to handle radioactive of explosive materials or commanding arm to perform functions in hostile environments. Modified version using displays may be applied in medicine.

76 FR 54260 - Dominion Nuclear Connecticut, Inc., Millstone Power Station, Unit Nos. 1, 2, and 3; Environmental...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-31

... action would provide exemption from the work hour control requirements of 10 CFR 26.205(c) and (d) during... work hour controls on vital personnel could impede the ability to focus on plant safety and security... which the work hour control exemption applies, to exiting the condition, is limited to severe weather...

77 FR 33630 - Residency Requirements for Aliens Acquiring Firearms (2011R-23P)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-07

... acquire a firearm. The Department has determined that the Gun Control Act does not permit ATF to impose a... the Gun Control Act of 1968 (GCA), 18 U.S.C. 922(b)(3), makes it unlawful for a Federal firearms... the Gun Control Act cannot have two different constructions, one that applies to U.S. citizens and...

40 CFR 55.14 - Requirements that apply to OCS sources located within 25 miles of States' seaward boundaries, by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... reference to a State or local air pollution control agency or air pollution control officer shall mean EPA or the Administrator, respectively. (2) Any submittal to State or local air pollution control agency...) [Reserved] (2) Alaska. (i) 40 CFR part 52, subpart C. (ii) [Reserved] (3) California. (i) 40 CFR part 52...

10 CFR Appendix A to Part 40 - Criteria Relating to the Operation of Uranium Mills and the Disposition of Tailings or Wastes...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... relatively thin, in-situ clay soils are to be relied upon for seepage control, tests must be conducted with... itself. (6) The design requirements in this criterion for longevity and control of radon releases apply... licensee shall control, minimize, or eliminate post-closure escape of nonradiological hazardous...

45 CFR 260.75 - If a State is claiming a waiver inconsistency for work requirements or time limits, what must the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... experimental and control groups, which are not otherwise exempt, for the purpose of calculating the work... all experimental group cases and/or control group cases, not otherwise exempt, but may not exclude...) The certification must specify any special work or time-limit standards that apply to the control...

45 CFR 260.75 - If a State is claiming a waiver inconsistency for work requirements or time limits, what must the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... experimental and control groups, which are not otherwise exempt, for the purpose of calculating the work... all experimental group cases and/or control group cases, not otherwise exempt, but may not exclude...) The certification must specify any special work or time-limit standards that apply to the control...

45 CFR 260.75 - If a State is claiming a waiver inconsistency for work requirements or time limits, what must the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... experimental and control groups, which are not otherwise exempt, for the purpose of calculating the work... all experimental group cases and/or control group cases, not otherwise exempt, but may not exclude...) The certification must specify any special work or time-limit standards that apply to the control...

45 CFR 260.75 - If a State is claiming a waiver inconsistency for work requirements or time limits, what must the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... experimental and control groups, which are not otherwise exempt, for the purpose of calculating the work... all experimental group cases and/or control group cases, not otherwise exempt, but may not exclude...) The certification must specify any special work or time-limit standards that apply to the control...

45 CFR 260.75 - If a State is claiming a waiver inconsistency for work requirements or time limits, what must the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... experimental and control groups, which are not otherwise exempt, for the purpose of calculating the work... all experimental group cases and/or control group cases, not otherwise exempt, but may not exclude...) The certification must specify any special work or time-limit standards that apply to the control...

Control issues of microgravity vibration isolation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knospe, Carl R.; Hampton, Richard D.

1991-01-01

Active vibration isolation systems contemplated for microgravity space experiments may be designed to reach given performance requirements in a variety of ways. An analogy to passive isolation systems proves to be illustrative but lacks the flexibility as a design tool of a control systems approach and may lead to poor design. Control theory as applied to vibration isolation is reviewed and passive analogies discussed.

Grasp Assist Device with Automatic Mode Control Logic

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Laske, Evan (Inventor); Davis, Donald R. (Inventor); Ihrke, Chris A. (Inventor)

2018-01-01

A system includes a glove, sensors, actuator assemblies, and controller. The sensors include load sensors which measure an actual grasping force and attitude sensors which determine a glove attitude. The actuator assembly provides a grasp assist force to the glove. Respective locations of work cells in the work environment and permitted work tasks for each work cell are programmed into the controller. The controller detects the glove location and attitude. A work task is selected by the controller for the location. The controller calculates a required grasp assist force using measured actual grasping forces from the load sensors. The required grasp assist force is applied via the glove using the actuator assembly to thereby assist the operator in performing the identified work task.

CR-Calculus and adaptive array theory applied to MIMO random vibration control tests

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Musella, U.; Manzato, S.; Peeters, B.; Guillaume, P.

2016-09-01

Performing Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) tests to reproduce the vibration environment in a user-defined number of control points of a unit under test is necessary in applications where a realistic environment replication has to be achieved. MIMO tests require vibration control strategies to calculate the required drive signal vector that gives an acceptable replication of the target. This target is a (complex) vector with magnitude and phase information at the control points for MIMO Sine Control tests while in MIMO Random Control tests, in the most general case, the target is a complete spectral density matrix. The idea behind this work is to tailor a MIMO random vibration control approach that can be generalized to other MIMO tests, e.g. MIMO Sine and MIMO Time Waveform Replication. In this work the approach is to use gradient-based procedures over the complex space, applying the so called CR-Calculus and the adaptive array theory. With this approach it is possible to better control the process performances allowing the step-by-step Jacobian Matrix update. The theoretical bases behind the work are followed by an application of the developed method to a two-exciter two-axis system and by performance comparisons with standard methods.

21 CFR 111.12 - What personnel qualification requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Personnel § 111.12 What personnel... dietary supplements. (b) You must identify who is responsible for your quality control operations. Each...

21 CFR 111.12 - What personnel qualification requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERATIONS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Personnel § 111.12 What personnel... dietary supplements. (b) You must identify who is responsible for your quality control operations. Each...

43 CFR 422.8 - Requirements for law enforcement functions and programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... enforcement authority. (a) The law enforcement program must provide for control, accountability, coordination, and clear lines of authority and communication. This organizational structure must apply both within...

40 CFR 1045.115 - What other requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... area networks. Your broadcasting protocol must allow for valid measurements using the field-testing... information broadcast by an engine's on-board computers and electronic control modules. If you broadcast a...

Regulatory experience in applying a radiological environmental protection framework for existing and planned nuclear facilities.

PubMed

Mihok, S; Thompson, P

2012-01-01

Frameworks and methods for the radiological protection of non-human biota have been evolving rapidly at the International Commission on Radiological Protection and through various European initiatives. The International Atomic Energy Agency has incorporated a requirement for environmental protection in the latest revision of its Basic Safety Standards. In Canada, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission has been legally obligated to prevent unreasonable risk to the environment since 2000. Licensees have therefore been meeting generic legal requirements to demonstrate adequate control of releases of radioactive substances for the protection of both people and biota for many years. In the USA, in addition to the generic requirements of the Environmental Protection Agency and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Department of Energy facilities have also had to comply with specific dose limits after a standard assessment methodology was finalised in 2002. Canadian regulators developed a similar framework for biota dose assessment through a regulatory assessment under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act in the late 1990s. Since then, this framework has been applied extensively to satisfy legal requirements under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and the Nuclear Safety and Control Act. After approximately a decade of experience in applying these methods, it is clear that simple methods are fit for purpose, and can be used for making regulatory decisions for existing and planned nuclear facilities. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bauer, Frank H. (Technical Monitor); Dufrene, Warren R., Jr.

2003-01-01

This paper describes the development of an application of Artificial Intelligence for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) control. The project was done as part of the requirements for a class in Artificial Intelligence (AI) at Nova southeastern University and as an adjunct to a project at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's Wallops Flight Facility for a resilient, robust, and intelligent UAV flight control system. A method is outlined which allows a base level application for applying an AI method, Fuzzy Logic, to aspects of Control Logic for UAV flight. One element of UAV flight, automated altitude hold, has been implemented and preliminary results displayed. A low cost approach was taken using freeware, gnu, software, and demo programs. The focus of this research has been to outline some of the AI techniques used for UAV flight control and discuss some of the tools used to apply AI techniques. The intent is to succeed with the implementation of applying AI techniques to actually control different aspects of the flight of an UAV.

Fracture control procedures for aircraft structural integrity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wood, H. A.

1972-01-01

The application of applied fracture mechanics in the design, analysis, and qualification of aircraft structural systems are reviewed. Recent service experiences are cited. Current trends in high-strength materials application are reviewed with particular emphasis on the manner in which fracture toughness and structural efficiency may affect the material selection process. General fracture control procedures are reviewed in depth with specific reference to the impact of inspectability, structural arrangement, and material on proposed analysis requirements for safe crack growth. The relative impact on allowable design stress is indicated by example. Design criteria, material, and analysis requirements for implementation of fracture control procedures are reviewed together with limitations in current available data techniques. A summary of items which require further study and attention is presented.

Interior noise control prediction study for high-speed propeller-driven aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rennison, D. C.; Wilby, J. F.; Marsh, A. H.; Wilby, E. G.

1979-01-01

An analytical model was developed to predict the noise levels inside propeller-driven aircraft during cruise at M = 0.8. The model was applied to three study aircraft with fuselages of different size (wide body, narrow body and small diameter) in order to determine the noise reductions required to achieve the goal of an A-weighted sound level which does not exceed 80 dB. The model was then used to determine noise control methods which could achieve the required noise reductions. Two classes of noise control treatments were investigated: add-on treatments which can be added to existing structures, and advanced concepts which would require changes to the fuselage primary structure. Only one treatment, a double wall with limp panel, provided the required noise reductions. Weight penalties associated with the treatment were estimated for the three study aircraft.

NCHRP project 20-07/task 361 : hamburg wheel-track test equipment requirements and improvements to AASHTO T 324 : research project capsule.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-02-01

The Loaded Wheel Test (LWT) is a laboratory-controlled rut depth test that uses loaded wheel(s) : to apply a moving load on hot-mix and warm-mix asphalt (HMA and WMA) specimens to simulate : tra c load applied on asphalt pavements. In the 1970s He...

Adaptive Control Using Residual Mode Filters Applied to Wind Turbines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frost, Susan A.; Balas, Mark J.

2011-01-01

Many dynamic systems containing a large number of modes can benefit from adaptive control techniques, which are well suited to applications that have unknown parameters and poorly known operating conditions. In this paper, we focus on a model reference direct adaptive control approach that has been extended to handle adaptive rejection of persistent disturbances. We extend this adaptive control theory to accommodate problematic modal subsystems of a plant that inhibit the adaptive controller by causing the open-loop plant to be non-minimum phase. We will augment the adaptive controller using a Residual Mode Filter (RMF) to compensate for problematic modal subsystems, thereby allowing the system to satisfy the requirements for the adaptive controller to have guaranteed convergence and bounded gains. We apply these theoretical results to design an adaptive collective pitch controller for a high-fidelity simulation of a utility-scale, variable-speed wind turbine that has minimum phase zeros.

Applied Joint-Space Torque and Stiffness Control of Tendon-Driven Fingers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abdallah, Muhammad E.; Platt, Robert, Jr.; Wampler, Charles W.; Hargrave, Brian

2010-01-01

Existing tendon-driven fingers have applied force control through independent tension controllers on each tendon, i.e. in the tendon-space. The coupled kinematics of the tendons, however, cause such controllers to exhibit a transient coupling in their response. This problem can be resolved by alternatively framing the controllers in the joint-space of the manipulator. This work presents a joint-space torque control law that demonstrates both a decoupled and significantly faster response than an equivalent tendon-space formulation. The law also demonstrates greater speed and robustness than comparable PI controllers. In addition, a tension distribution algorithm is presented here to allocate forces from the joints to the tendons. It allocates the tensions so that they satisfy both an upper and lower bound, and it does so without requiring linear programming or open-ended iterations. The control law and tension distribution algorithm are implemented on the robotic hand of Robonaut-2.

Predictive Multiple Model Switching Control with the Self-Organizing Map

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Motter, Mark A.

2000-01-01

A predictive, multiple model control strategy is developed by extension of self-organizing map (SOM) local dynamic modeling of nonlinear autonomous systems to a control framework. Multiple SOMs collectively model the global response of a nonautonomous system to a finite set of representative prototype controls. Each SOM provides a codebook representation of the dynamics corresponding to a prototype control. Different dynamic regimes are organized into topological neighborhoods where the adjacent entries in the codebook represent the global minimization of a similarity metric. The SOM is additionally employed to identify the local dynamical regime, and consequently implements a switching scheme that selects the best available model for the applied control. SOM based linear models are used to predict the response to a larger family of control sequences which are clustered on the representative prototypes. The control sequence which corresponds to the prediction that best satisfies the requirements on the system output is applied as the external driving signal.

Advanced optical sensing and processing technologies for the distributed control of large flexible spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, G. M.; Fraser, J. C.

1991-01-01

The objective was to examine state-of-the-art optical sensing and processing technology applied to control the motion of flexible spacecraft. Proposed large flexible space systems, such an optical telescopes and antennas, will require control over vast surfaces. Most likely distributed control will be necessary involving many sensors to accurately measure the surface. A similarly large number of actuators must act upon the system. The used technical approach included reviewing proposed NASA missions to assess system needs and requirements. A candidate mission was chosen as a baseline study spacecraft for comparison of conventional and optical control components. Control system requirements of the baseline system were used for designing both a control system containing current off-the-shelf components and a system utilizing electro-optical devices for sensing and processing. State-of-the-art surveys of conventional sensor, actuator, and processor technologies were performed. A technology development plan is presented that presents a logical, effective way to develop and integrate advancing technologies.

Automated Test Environment for a Real-Time Control System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, Ronald O.

1994-01-01

An automated environment with hardware-in-the-loop has been developed by Rocketdyne Huntsville for test of a real-time control system. The target system of application is the man-rated real-time system which controls the Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSME). The primary use of the environment is software verification and validation, but it is also useful for evaluation and analysis of SSME avionics hardware and mathematical engine models. It provides a test bed for the integration of software and hardware. The principles and skills upon which it operates may be applied to other target systems, such as those requiring hardware-in-the-loop simulation and control system development. Potential applications are in problem domains demanding highly reliable software systems requiring testing to formal requirements and verifying successful transition to/from off-nominal system states.

40 CFR 1048.115 - What other requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... can be read with a remote device, or broadcast them directly to their controller area networks. This... to readily read, interpret, and record all information broadcast by an engine's on-board computers...

40 CFR 1048.115 - What other requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... can be read with a remote device, or broadcast them directly to their controller area networks. This... to readily read, interpret, and record all information broadcast by an engine's on-board computers...

40 CFR 1048.115 - What other requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... can be read with a remote device, or broadcast them directly to their controller area networks. This... to readily read, interpret, and record all information broadcast by an engine's on-board computers...

40 CFR 1048.115 - What other requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... can be read with a remote device, or broadcast them directly to their controller area networks. This... to readily read, interpret, and record all information broadcast by an engine's on-board computers...

Chosen Striking Location and the User-Tool-Environment System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wagman, Jeffrey B.; Taylor, Kona R.

2004-01-01

Controlling a hand-held tool requires that the tool user bring the tool into contact with an environmental surface in a task-appropriate manner. This, in turn, requires applying muscular forces so as to overcome how the object resists being moved about its various axes. Perceived properties of hand-held objects tend to be constrained by inertial…

Robustness Analysis and Optimally Robust Control Design via Sum-of-Squares

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dorobantu, Andrei; Crespo, Luis G.; Seiler, Peter J.

2012-01-01

A control analysis and design framework is proposed for systems subject to parametric uncertainty. The underlying strategies are based on sum-of-squares (SOS) polynomial analysis and nonlinear optimization to design an optimally robust controller. The approach determines a maximum uncertainty range for which the closed-loop system satisfies a set of stability and performance requirements. These requirements, de ned as inequality constraints on several metrics, are restricted to polynomial functions of the uncertainty. To quantify robustness, SOS analysis is used to prove that the closed-loop system complies with the requirements for a given uncertainty range. The maximum uncertainty range, calculated by assessing a sequence of increasingly larger ranges, serves as a robustness metric for the closed-loop system. To optimize the control design, nonlinear optimization is used to enlarge the maximum uncertainty range by tuning the controller gains. Hence, the resulting controller is optimally robust to parametric uncertainty. This approach balances the robustness margins corresponding to each requirement in order to maximize the aggregate system robustness. The proposed framework is applied to a simple linear short-period aircraft model with uncertain aerodynamic coefficients.

76 FR 54259 - Virginia Electric and Power Company, Docket Nos. 50-338 and 50-339, North Anna Power Station...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-31

... The proposed action would provide exemption from the work hour control requirements of 10 CFR 26.205(c... conditions similar to entry into the site emergency plan where the imposition of work hour controls on vital.... Additionally, the time from entry into the condition in which the work hour control exemption applies, to...

Internal Roof and Attic Thermal Radiation Control Retrofit Strategies for Cooling-Dominated Climates

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fallahi, A.; Duraschlag, H.; Elliott, D.

2013-12-01

This project evaluates the cooling energy savings and cost effectiveness of radiation control retrofit strategies for residential attics in U.S. cooling-dominated climates. Usually, in residential applications, radiation control retrofit strategies are applied below the roof deck or on top of the attic floor insulation. They offer an alternative option to the addition of conventional bulk insulation such as fiberglass or cellulose insulation. Radiation control is a potentially low-cost energy efficiency retrofit strategy that does not require significant changes to existing homes. In this project, two groups of low-cost radiation control strategies were evaluated for southern U.S. applications. One uses amore » radiant barrier composed of two aluminum foils combined with an enclosed reflective air space and the second uses spray-applied interior radiation control coatings (IRCC).« less

Internal Roof and Attic Thermal Radiation Control Retrofit Strategies for Cooling-Dominated Climates

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fallahi, A.; Durschlag, H.; Elliott, D.

2013-12-01

This project evaluates the cooling energy savings and cost effectiveness of radiation control retrofit strategies for residential attics in U.S. cooling-dominated climates. Usually, in residential applications, radiation control retrofit strategies are applied below the roof deck or on top of the attic floor insulation. They offer an alternative option to the addition of conventional bulkinsulation such as fiberglass or cellulose insulation. Radiation control is a potentially low-cost energy efficiency retrofit strategy that does not require significant changes to existing homes. In this project, two groups of low-cost radiation control strategies were evaluated for southern U.S. applications. One uses a radiantmore » barrier composed of two aluminum foils combined with an enclosedreflective air space and the second uses spray-applied interior radiation control coatings (IRCC).« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kasemir, Kay; Pearson, Matthew R

For several years, the Control System Studio (CS-Studio) Scan System has successfully automated the operation of beam lines at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) and Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). As it is applied to additional beam lines, we need to support simultaneous adjustments of temperatures or motor positions. While this can be implemented via virtual motors or similar logic inside the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) Input/Output Controllers (IOCs), doing so requires a priori knowledge of experimenters requirements. By adding support for the parallel control of multiple process variables (PVs) to themore » Scan System, we can better support ad hoc automation of experiments that benefit from such simultaneous PV adjustments.« less

Designing Control System Application Software for Change

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boulanger, Richard

2001-01-01

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) was used to design the Environmental Systems Test Stand (ESTS) control system software. The UML was chosen for its ability to facilitate a clear dialog between software designer and customer, from which requirements are discovered and documented in a manner which transposes directly to program objects. Applying the UML to control system software design has resulted in a baseline set of documents from which change and effort of that change can be accurately measured. As the Environmental Systems Test Stand evolves, accurate estimates of the time and effort required to change the control system software will be made. Accurate quantification of the cost of software change can be before implementation, improving schedule and budget accuracy.

Human-computer interface including haptically controlled interactions

DOEpatents

Anderson, Thomas G.

2005-10-11

The present invention provides a method of human-computer interfacing that provides haptic feedback to control interface interactions such as scrolling or zooming within an application. Haptic feedback in the present method allows the user more intuitive control of the interface interactions, and allows the user's visual focus to remain on the application. The method comprises providing a control domain within which the user can control interactions. For example, a haptic boundary can be provided corresponding to scrollable or scalable portions of the application domain. The user can position a cursor near such a boundary, feeling its presence haptically (reducing the requirement for visual attention for control of scrolling of the display). The user can then apply force relative to the boundary, causing the interface to scroll the domain. The rate of scrolling can be related to the magnitude of applied force, providing the user with additional intuitive, non-visual control of scrolling.

75 FR 74457 - Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases: Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-30

...EPA is promulgating a regulation to require monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions from petroleum and natural gas systems. This action adds this source category to the list of source categories already required to report greenhouse gas emissions. This action applies to sources with carbon dioxide equivalent emissions above certain threshold levels as described in this regulation. This action does not require control of greenhouse gases.

What are Soil Fumigants?

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

These pesticides, when applied to soil, form a gas to control pests including nematodes, fungi, bacteria, insects, and weeds, that live in the soil and can disrupt plant growth and crop production. Required safety measures reduce exposure risks.

40 CFR 1027.140 - What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply under this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS FEES FOR ENGINE, VEHICLE, AND EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE...) Filling out fee filing forms under § 1027.130. (b) Retaining fee records, including reduced fee...

Globalization, international law, and emerging infectious diseases.

PubMed Central

Fidler, D. P.

1996-01-01

The global nature of the threat posed by new and reemerging infectious diseases will require international cooperation in identifying, controlling, and preventing these diseases. Because of this need for international cooperation, international law will certainly play a role in the global strategy for the control of emerging diseases. Recognizing this fact, the World Health Organization has already proposed revising the International Health Regulations. This article examines some basic problems that the global campaign against emerging infectious diseases might face in applying international law to facilitate international cooperation. The international legal component of the global control strategy for these diseases needs careful attention because of problems inherent in international law, especially as it applies to emerging infections issues. PMID:8903206

The relationship between strategic control and conscious structural knowledge in artificial grammar learning.

PubMed

Norman, Elisabeth; Scott, Ryan B; Price, Mark C; Dienes, Zoltan

2016-05-01

We address Jacoby's (1991) proposal that strategic control over knowledge requires conscious awareness of that knowledge. In a two-grammar artificial grammar learning experiment all participants were trained on two grammars, consisting of a regularity in letter sequences, while two other dimensions (colours and fonts) varied randomly. Strategic control was measured as the ability to selectively apply the grammars during classification. For each classification, participants also made a combined judgement of (a) decision strategy and (b) relevant stimulus dimension. Strategic control was found for all types of decision strategy, including trials where participants claimed to lack conscious structural knowledge. However, strong evidence of strategic control only occurred when participants knew or guessed that the letter dimension was relevant, suggesting that strategic control might be associated with - or even causally requires - global awareness of the nature of the rules even though it does not require detailed knowledge of their content. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Development of an Active Flow Control Technique for an Airplane High-Lift Configuration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shmilovich, Arvin; Yadlin, Yoram; Dickey, Eric D.; Hartwich, Peter M.; Khodadoust, Abdi

2017-01-01

This study focuses on Active Flow Control methods used in conjunction with airplane high-lift systems. The project is motivated by the simplified high-lift system, which offers enhanced airplane performance compared to conventional high-lift systems. Computational simulations are used to guide the implementation of preferred flow control methods, which require a fluidic supply. It is first demonstrated that flow control applied to a high-lift configuration that consists of simple hinge flaps is capable of attaining the performance of the conventional high-lift counterpart. A set of flow control techniques has been subsequently considered to identify promising candidates, where the central requirement is that the mass flow for actuation has to be within available resources onboard. The flow control methods are based on constant blowing, fluidic oscillators, and traverse actuation. The simulations indicate that the traverse actuation offers a substantial reduction in required mass flow, and it is especially effective when the frequency of actuation is consistent with the characteristic time scale of the flow.

CONTROL ROD DRIVE

DOEpatents

Chapellier, R.A.; Rogers, I.

1961-06-27

Accurate and controlled drive for the control rod is from an electric motor. A hydraulic arrangement is provided to balance a piston against which a control rod is urged by the application of fluid pressure. The electric motor drive of the control rod for normal operation is made through the aforementioned piston. In the event scramming is required, the fluid pressure urging the control rod against the piston is relieved and an opposite fluid pressure is applied. The lack of mechanical connection between the electric motor and control rod facilitates the scramming operation.

40 CFR 1060.210 - What records should equipment manufacturers keep if they do not apply for certification?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND..., you must keep the records specified in this section to document compliance with applicable requirements. We may review these records at any time. If we ask, you must send us these records within 30 days...

15 CFR 738.3 - Commerce Country Chart structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... for Control listed in the Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) that applies to the item. Some... may impose license requirements on the items described in that ECCN. (1) ECCNs 0A983, 5A001.f.1, 5A980... listed in the “Country Chart” header within the “License Requirements” section of each ECCN. (d) Cells...

Problems in air traffic management. IV., Comparison of pre-employment, job-related experience with aptitude tests as predictors of training and job performance of air traffic control specialists.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1963-12-01

In addition to passing a second class aviation medical examination, individuals applying for training as an Air Traffic Control Specialist (ATCS) with the Federal Aviation Agency have, in the past, been required to have previous experience which was ...

15 CFR 744.11 - License requirements that apply to entities acting contrary to the national security or foreign...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... activity. (4) Preventing accomplishment of an end use check conducted by or on behalf of BIS or the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls of the Department of State by: precluding access to; refusing to provide...) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS CONTROL POLICY...

15 CFR 744.11 - License requirements that apply to entities acting contrary to the national security or foreign...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... activity. (4) Preventing accomplishment of an end use check conducted by or on behalf of BIS or the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls of the Department of State by: precluding access to; refusing to provide...) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS CONTROL POLICY...

15 CFR 744.11 - License requirements that apply to entities acting contrary to the national security or foreign...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... activity. (4) Preventing accomplishment of an end use check conducted by or on behalf of BIS or the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls of the Department of State by: precluding access to; refusing to provide...) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS CONTROL POLICY...

15 CFR 744.11 - License requirements that apply to entities acting contrary to the national security or foreign...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... activity. (4) Preventing accomplishment of an end use check conducted by or on behalf of BIS or the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls of the Department of State by: precluding access to; refusing to provide...) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS CONTROL POLICY...

EXPERIENCE WITH IMPLEMENTING FEDERAL AND STATE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE BENEFICIAL USE OF BIOSOLIDS - CONTROLLING PATHOGENS AND VECTOR ATTRACTIVENESS

EPA Science Inventory

This presentation will review as of 2000, the amount of sludge produced in the US, how it is treated, and how much is land applied, land-filled, or incinerated. Details will be given for the commonly employed Class A and B disinfection processes for controlling pathogens; how ext...

Using block pulse functions for seismic vibration semi-active control of structures with MR dampers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahimi Gendeshmin, Saeed; Davarnia, Daniel

2018-03-01

This article applied the idea of block pulse functions in the semi-active control of structures. The BP functions give effective tools to approximate complex problems. The applied control algorithm has a major effect on the performance of the controlled system and the requirements of the control devices. In control problems, it is important to devise an accurate analytical technique with less computational cost. It is proved that the BP functions are fundamental tools in approximation problems which have been applied in disparate areas in last decades. This study focuses on the employment of BP functions in control algorithm concerning reduction the computational cost. Magneto-rheological (MR) dampers are one of the well-known semi-active tools that can be used to control the response of civil Structures during earthquake. For validation purposes, numerical simulations of a 5-story shear building frame with MR dampers are presented. The results of suggested method were compared with results obtained by controlling the frame by the optimal control method based on linear quadratic regulator theory. It can be seen from simulation results that the suggested method can be helpful in reducing seismic structural responses. Besides, this method has acceptable accuracy and is in agreement with optimal control method with less computational costs.

Fire retardancy using applied materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feldman, R.

1971-01-01

An example of advanced technology transfer from the Little Joe, Surveyor, Comsat, re-entry and Apollo age to everyday fire protection needs is presented. Utilizing the principle of sublimation cooling for thermostatic temperature control, the material meets a wide range of fire retardancy and heat transmission control requirements. Properties vary from flexible tape for conduits and electrical cables to rigid coatings for column protection, with a broad spectrum of sublimation temperatures available. The material can be applied in the field or in the factory, utilizing mass production techniques, yielding a product that is reliable, effective, widely available and low in cost.

A chameleon-inspired stretchable electronic skin with interactive colour changing controlled by tactile sensing

PubMed Central

Chou, Ho-Hsiu; Nguyen, Amanda; Chortos, Alex; To, John W.F.; Lu, Chien; Mei, Jianguo; Kurosawa, Tadanori; Bae, Won-Gyu; Tok, Jeffrey B.-H.; Bao, Zhenan

2015-01-01

Some animals, such as the chameleon and cephalopod, have the remarkable capability to change their skin colour. This unique characteristic has long inspired scientists to develop materials and devices to mimic such a function. However, it requires the complex integration of stretchability, colour-changing and tactile sensing. Here we show an all-solution processed chameleon-inspired stretchable electronic skin (e-skin), in which the e-skin colour can easily be controlled through varying the applied pressure along with the applied pressure duration. As such, the e-skin's colour change can also be in turn utilized to distinguish the pressure applied. The integration of the stretchable, highly tunable resistive pressure sensor and the fully stretchable organic electrochromic device enables the demonstration of a stretchable electrochromically active e-skin with tactile-sensing control. This system will have wide range applications such as interactive wearable devices, artificial prosthetics and smart robots. PMID:26300307

A chameleon-inspired stretchable electronic skin with interactive colour changing controlled by tactile sensing.

PubMed

Chou, Ho-Hsiu; Nguyen, Amanda; Chortos, Alex; To, John W F; Lu, Chien; Mei, Jianguo; Kurosawa, Tadanori; Bae, Won-Gyu; Tok, Jeffrey B-H; Bao, Zhenan

2015-08-24

Some animals, such as the chameleon and cephalopod, have the remarkable capability to change their skin colour. This unique characteristic has long inspired scientists to develop materials and devices to mimic such a function. However, it requires the complex integration of stretchability, colour-changing and tactile sensing. Here we show an all-solution processed chameleon-inspired stretchable electronic skin (e-skin), in which the e-skin colour can easily be controlled through varying the applied pressure along with the applied pressure duration. As such, the e-skin's colour change can also be in turn utilized to distinguish the pressure applied. The integration of the stretchable, highly tunable resistive pressure sensor and the fully stretchable organic electrochromic device enables the demonstration of a stretchable electrochromically active e-skin with tactile-sensing control. This system will have wide range applications such as interactive wearable devices, artificial prosthetics and smart robots.

Flatness-based adaptive fuzzy control of chaotic finance dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rigatos, G.; Siano, P.; Loia, V.; Tommasetti, A.; Troisi, O.

2017-11-01

A flatness-based adaptive fuzzy control is applied to the problem of stabilization of the dynamics of a chaotic finance system, describing interaction between the interest rate, the investment demand and the price exponent. By proving that the system is differentially flat and by applying differential flatness diffeomorphisms, its transformation to the linear canonical (Brunovsky) is performed. For the latter description of the system, the design of a stabilizing state feedback controller becomes possible. A first problem in the design of such a controller is that the dynamic model of the finance system is unknown and thus it has to be identified with the use neurofuzzy approximators. The estimated dynamics provided by the approximators is used in the computation of the control input, thus establishing an indirect adaptive control scheme. The learning rate of the approximators is chosen from the requirement the system's Lyapunov function to have always a negative first-order derivative. Another problem that has to be dealt with is that the control loop is implemented only with the use of output feedback. To estimate the non-measurable state vector elements of the finance system, a state observer is implemented in the control loop. The computation of the feedback control signal requires the solution of two algebraic Riccati equations at each iteration of the control algorithm. Lyapunov stability analysis demonstrates first that an H-infinity tracking performance criterion is satisfied. This signifies elevated robustness against modelling errors and external perturbations. Moreover, the global asymptotic stability is proven for the control loop.

Attitude and Translation Control of a Solar Sail Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Singh, Gurkirpal

2008-01-01

A report discusses the ability to control the attitude and translation degrees-of-freedom of a solar sail vehicle by changing its center of gravity. A movement of the spacecraft s center of mass causes solar-pressure force to apply a torque to the vehicle. At the compact core of the solar-sail vehicle lies the spacecraft bus which is a large fraction of the total vehicle mass. In this concept, the bus is attached to the spacecraft by two single degree-of-freedom linear tracks. This allows relative movement of the bus in the sail plane. At the null position, the resulting solar pressure applies no torque to the vehicle. But any deviation of the bus from the null creates an offset between the spacecraft center of mass and center of solar radiation pressure, resulting in a solar-pressure torque on the vehicle which changes the vehicle attitude. Two of the three vehicle degrees of freedom can be actively controlled in this manner. The third, the roll about the sunline, requires a low-authority vane/propulsive subsystem. Translation control of the vehicle is achieved by directing the solar-pressure-induced force in the proper inertial direction. This requires attitude control. Attitude and translation degrees-of-freedom are therefore coupled. A guidance law is proposed, which allows the vehicle to stationkeep at an appropriate point on the inertially-rotating Sun-Earth line. Power requirements for moving the bus are minimal. Extensive software simulations have been performed to demonstrate the feasibility of this concept.

RACT/BACT/LAER Clearninghouse (RBLC)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

OAR's RACT, BACT, LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC) data asset contains summary information on selected air permitting actions from EPA, state, and local permitting agencies across the U.S., as well as a number of international permit records supplied by air pollution control agencies in Mexico and Canada. The acronyms refer to program requirements of the New Source Review (NSR) program: RACT is Reasonably Available Control Technology and applies to existing sources in areas that are not meeting national ambient air quality standards (i.e., non-attainment areas); BACT is Best Available Control Technology and applies to major new or modified sources in clean areas (i.e., attainment areas). LAER, or Lowest Achievable Emission Rate, is required on major new or modified sources in non-attainment areas. As of 2012, RBLC includes approximately 6,500 entries. With the exception of LAER permit determinations, whose inclusion in RBLC is mandatory, participation is voluntary. Coverage is therefore not complete or necessarily representative.Required under Section 108 of the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act, RBLC provides users 00e2?? typically permit writers, permit applicants or holders, and the public 00e2?? with references and personal contacts to support ongoing air pollution control activities. Information is detailed enough for users to know whether a permit is applicable to their needs. Users may then contact the appropriate agency to access the permit or discuss it wit

Phase-Controlled Magnetic Mirror for Wavefront Correction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hagopian, John; Wollack, Edward

2011-01-01

Typically, light interacts with matter via the electric field and interaction with weakly bound electrons. In a magnetic mirror, a patterned nanowire is fabricated over a metallic layer with a dielectric layer in between. Oscillation of the electrons in the nanowires in response to the magnetic field of incident photons causes a re-emission of photons and operation as a "magnetic mirror." By controlling the index of refraction in the dielectric layer using a local applied voltage, the phase of the emitted radiation can be controlled. This allows electrical modification of the reflected wavefront, resulting in a deformable mirror that can be used for wavefront control. Certain applications require wavefront quality in the few-nanometer regime, which is a major challenge for optical fabrication and alignment of mirrors or lenses. The use of a deformable magnetic mirror allows for a device with no moving parts that can modify the phase of incident light over many spatial scales, potentially with higher resolution than current approaches. Current deformable mirrors modify the incident wavefront by using nano-actuation of a substrate to physically bend the mirror to a desired shape. The purpose of the innovation is to modify the incident wavefront for the purpose of correction of fabrication and alignment-induced wavefront errors at the system level. The advanced degree of precision required for some applications such as gravity wave detection (LISA - Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) or planet finding (FKSI - Fourier-Kelvin Stellar Interferometer) requires wavefront control at the limits of the current state of the art. All the steps required to fabricate a magnetic mirror have been demonstrated. The modification is to apply a bias voltage to the dielectric layer so as to change the index of refraction and modify the phase of the reflected radiation. Light is reflected off the device and collected by a phase-sensing interferometer. The interferometer determines the initial wavefront of the device and fore optics. A wavefront correction is calculated, and voltage profile for each nanowire strip is determined. The voltage is applied, modifying the local index of refraction of the dielectric under the nanowire strip. This modifies the phase of the reflected light to allow wavefront correction.

Autonomous vehicle motion control, approximate maps, and fuzzy logic

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ruspini, Enrique H.

1993-01-01

Progress on research on the control of actions of autonomous mobile agents using fuzzy logic is presented. The innovations described encompass theoretical and applied developments. At the theoretical level, results of research leading to the combined utilization of conventional artificial planning techniques with fuzzy logic approaches for the control of local motion and perception actions are presented. Also formulations of dynamic programming approaches to optimal control in the context of the analysis of approximate models of the real world are examined. Also a new approach to goal conflict resolution that does not require specification of numerical values representing relative goal importance is reviewed. Applied developments include the introduction of the notion of approximate map. A fuzzy relational database structure for the representation of vague and imprecise information about the robot's environment is proposed. Also the central notions of control point and control structure are discussed.

75 FR 29584 - Notice of Lodging of Consent Decree Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-26

...(a); and applicable Arkansas Pollution Control and Ecology Commission regulations in connection with Rineco's fuel blending facility located in Benton, Arkansas. The Consent Decree requires Rineco to apply...

Relative Attitude Determination of Earth Orbiting Formations Using GPS Receivers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lightsey, E. Glenn

2004-01-01

Satellite formation missions require the precise determination of both the position and attitude of multiple vehicles to achieve the desired objectives. In order to support the mission requirements for these applications, it is necessary to develop techniques for representing and controlling the attitude of formations of vehicles. A generalized method for representing the attitude of a formation of vehicles has been developed. The representation may be applied to both absolute and relative formation attitude control problems. The technique is able to accommodate formations of arbitrarily large number of vehicles. To demonstrate the formation attitude problem, the method is applied to the attitude determination of a simple leader-follower along-track orbit formation. A multiplicative extended Kalman filter is employed to estimate vehicle attitude. In a simulation study using GPS receivers as the attitude sensors, the relative attitude between vehicles in the formation is determined 3 times more accurately than the absolute attitude.

Suboptimal distributed control and estimation: application to a four coupled tanks system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Orihuela, Luis; Millán, Pablo; Vivas, Carlos; Rubio, Francisco R.

2016-06-01

The paper proposes an innovative estimation and control scheme that enables the distributed monitoring and control of large-scale processes. The proposed approach considers a discrete linear time-invariant process controlled by a network of agents that may both collect information about the evolution of the plant and apply control actions to drive its behaviour. The problem makes full sense when local observability/controllability is not assumed and the communication between agents can be exploited to reach system-wide goals. Additionally, to reduce agents bandwidth requirements and power consumption, an event-based communication policy is studied. The design procedure guarantees system stability, allowing the designer to trade-off performance, control effort and communication requirements. The obtained controllers and observers are implemented in a fully distributed fashion. To illustrate the performance of the proposed technique, experimental results on a quadruple-tank process are provided.

Control Design for an Advanced Geared Turbofan Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chapman, Jeffryes W.; Litt, Jonathan S.

2017-01-01

This paper describes the design process for the control system of an advanced geared turbofan engine. This process is applied to a simulation that is representative of a 30,000 lbf thrust class concept engine with two main spools, ultra-high bypass ratio, and a variable area fan nozzle. Control system requirements constrain the non-linear engine model as it operates throughout its flight envelope of sea level to 40,000 ft and from 0 to 0.8 Mach. The control architecture selected for this project was developed from literature and reflects a configuration that utilizes a proportional integral controller integrated with sets of limiters that enable the engine to operate safely throughout its flight envelope. Simulation results show the overall system meets performance requirements without exceeding system operational limits.

A human performance modelling approach to intelligent decision support systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mccoy, Michael S.; Boys, Randy M.

1987-01-01

Manned space operations require that the many automated subsystems of a space platform be controllable by a limited number of personnel. To minimize the interaction required of these operators, artificial intelligence techniques may be applied to embed a human performance model within the automated, or semi-automated, systems, thereby allowing the derivation of operator intent. A similar application has previously been proposed in the domain of fighter piloting, where the demand for pilot intent derivation is primarily a function of limited time and high workload rather than limited operators. The derivation and propagation of pilot intent is presented as it might be applied to some programs.

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Qqqq of... - Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... with the standard must complete SSMP. § 63.6(f)(1) Compliance Except During SSM Yes Applies only to....4730 and 63.4731. § 63.10(b)(2)(i)-(v) Recordkeeping Relevant to SSM Periods and CMS Yes Requirements for SSM records only apply to add-on control devices used to comply with the standard. § 63.10(b)(2...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Qqqq of... - Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... with the standard must complete SSMP. § 63.6(f)(1) Compliance Except During SSM Yes Applies only to....4730 and 63.4731. § 63.10(b)(2)(i)-(v) Recordkeeping Relevant to SSM Periods and CMS Yes Requirements for SSM records only apply to add-on control devices used to comply with the standard. § 63.10(b)(2...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Qqqq of... - Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... with the standard must complete SSMP. § 63.6(f)(1) Compliance Except During SSM Yes Applies only to....4730 and 63.4731. § 63.10(b)(2)(i)-(v) Recordkeeping Relevant to SSM Periods and CMS Yes Requirements for SSM records only apply to add-on control devices used to comply with the standard. § 63.10(b)(2...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Qqqq of... - Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... with the standard must complete SSMP. § 63.6(f)(1) Compliance Except During SSM Yes Applies only to....4730 and 63.4731. § 63.10(b)(2)(i)-(v) Recordkeeping Relevant to SSM Periods and CMS Yes Requirements for SSM records only apply to add-on control devices used to comply with the standard. § 63.10(b)(2...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Qqqq of... - Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... with the standard must complete SSMP. § 63.6(f)(1) Compliance Except During SSM Yes Applies only to....4730 and 63.4731. § 63.10(b)(2)(i)-(v) Recordkeeping Relevant to SSM Periods and CMS Yes Requirements for SSM records only apply to add-on control devices used to comply with the standard. § 63.10(b)(2...

Soil spot herbicides for single-stem hardwood control

Treesearch

James H. Miller

1988-01-01

Soil spot treatments of undiluted Velpar® L and a concentrated mixture of Spike® 80W were applied aorund test trees of five hardwood species. The test rates were 2, 4, and 6 ml of herbicidelin, of dbh applied to the soil within 3ft of each tree. Hardwood topkill was assessed after two growing seasons. The 4-ml rate of Velpar L was required to achieve...

Introduction to Command, Control and Communications (C3) Through Comparative Case Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-03-01

enhancing the process of learning from experience. Case study allows the student to apply concepts , theories, and techniques to an actual incident within...part of the thesis describes selected principles and concepts of 33 related to cormruication management, interoperability, command structure and...The solutions to the cases require applying the principles and concepts presented in the first rart. The four cases are: (1) the Iran hostage rescue

Adiabatic quantum simulation of quantum chemistry.

PubMed

Babbush, Ryan; Love, Peter J; Aspuru-Guzik, Alán

2014-10-13

We show how to apply the quantum adiabatic algorithm directly to the quantum computation of molecular properties. We describe a procedure to map electronic structure Hamiltonians to 2-body qubit Hamiltonians with a small set of physically realizable couplings. By combining the Bravyi-Kitaev construction to map fermions to qubits with perturbative gadgets to reduce the Hamiltonian to 2-body, we obtain precision requirements on the coupling strengths and a number of ancilla qubits that scale polynomially in the problem size. Hence our mapping is efficient. The required set of controllable interactions includes only two types of interaction beyond the Ising interactions required to apply the quantum adiabatic algorithm to combinatorial optimization problems. Our mapping may also be of interest to chemists directly as it defines a dictionary from electronic structure to spin Hamiltonians with physical interactions.

Liquid gating elastomeric porous system with dynamically controllable gas/liquid transport.

PubMed

Sheng, Zhizhi; Wang, Honglong; Tang, Yongliang; Wang, Miao; Huang, Lizhi; Min, Lingli; Meng, Haiqiang; Chen, Songyue; Jiang, Lei; Hou, Xu

2018-02-01

The development of membrane technology is central to fields ranging from resource harvesting to medicine, but the existing designs are unable to handle the complex sorting of multiphase substances required for many systems. Especially, the dynamic multiphase transport and separation under a steady-state applied pressure have great benefits for membrane science, but have not been realized at present. Moreover, the incorporation of precisely dynamic control with avoidance of contamination of membranes remains elusive. We show a versatile strategy for creating elastomeric microporous membrane-based systems that can finely control and dynamically modulate the sorting of a wide range of gases and liquids under a steady-state applied pressure, nearly eliminate fouling, and can be easily applied over many size scales, pressures, and environments. Experiments and theoretical calculation demonstrate the stability of our system and the tunability of the critical pressure. Dynamic transport of gas and liquid can be achieved through our gating interfacial design and the controllable pores' deformation without changing the applied pressure. Therefore, we believe that this system will bring new opportunities for many applications, such as gas-involved chemical reactions, fuel cells, multiphase separation, multiphase flow, multiphase microreactors, colloidal particle synthesis, and sizing nano/microparticles.

Liquid gating elastomeric porous system with dynamically controllable gas/liquid transport

PubMed Central

Sheng, Zhizhi; Wang, Honglong; Tang, Yongliang; Wang, Miao; Huang, Lizhi; Min, Lingli; Meng, Haiqiang; Chen, Songyue; Jiang, Lei; Hou, Xu

2018-01-01

The development of membrane technology is central to fields ranging from resource harvesting to medicine, but the existing designs are unable to handle the complex sorting of multiphase substances required for many systems. Especially, the dynamic multiphase transport and separation under a steady-state applied pressure have great benefits for membrane science, but have not been realized at present. Moreover, the incorporation of precisely dynamic control with avoidance of contamination of membranes remains elusive. We show a versatile strategy for creating elastomeric microporous membrane-based systems that can finely control and dynamically modulate the sorting of a wide range of gases and liquids under a steady-state applied pressure, nearly eliminate fouling, and can be easily applied over many size scales, pressures, and environments. Experiments and theoretical calculation demonstrate the stability of our system and the tunability of the critical pressure. Dynamic transport of gas and liquid can be achieved through our gating interfacial design and the controllable pores’ deformation without changing the applied pressure. Therefore, we believe that this system will bring new opportunities for many applications, such as gas-involved chemical reactions, fuel cells, multiphase separation, multiphase flow, multiphase microreactors, colloidal particle synthesis, and sizing nano/microparticles. PMID:29487906

Overview of Characterization Techniques for High Speed Crystal Growth

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ravi, K. V.

1984-01-01

Features of characterization requirements for crystals, devices and completed products are discussed. Key parameters of interest in semiconductor processing are presented. Characterization as it applies to process control, diagnostics and research needs is discussed with appropriate examples.

47 CFR 15.521 - Technical requirements applicable to all UWB devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... from digital circuitry used to control additional functions or capabilities other than the UWB... prohibition in § 2.201(f) and 15.5(d) of this chapter against Class B (damped wave) emissions does not apply...

P. H. Glatfelter Pulp and Paper Mill (PHG) Pollution Control Project Exclusion

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This document may be of assistance in applying the New Source Review (NSR) air permitting regulations including the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) requirements. This document is part of the NSR Policy and Guidance Database.

Redundant arm control in a supervisory and shared control system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Backes, Paul G.; Long, Mark K.

1992-01-01

The Extended Task Space Control approach to robotic operations based on manipulator behaviors derived from task requirements is described. No differentiation between redundant and non-redundant robots is made at the task level. The manipulation task behaviors are combined into a single set of motion commands. The manipulator kinematics are used subsequently in mapping motion commands into actuator commands. Extended Task Space Control is applied to a Robotics Research K-1207 seven degree-of-freedom manipulator in a supervisory telerobot system as an example.

Quality of mass-reared codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) after long distance transportation 1. Logistics of shipping procedures and quality parameters as measured in the laboratory.

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The sterile insect technique is a proven effective control tactic against lepidopteran pests when applied in an area-wide integrated pest management programme. The construction of insect mass-rearing facilities requires considerable investment and moth control strategies that include the use of ster...

Kudzu: Where did it come from? And how can we stop it?

Treesearch

James H. Miller; Boyd Edwards

1983-01-01

Kudzu is spreading in the South and control measures are required on large acreages. Control can be accomplished by persistent applications of effective herbicides or by overgrazing for two to three years. Soil-active herbicides containing the active ingredient picloram or dicamba are presently most effective. Herbicide sprays should be applied in a mixture with 60 to...

Operator Support System Design forthe Operation of RSG-GAS Research Reactor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santoso, S.; Situmorang, J.; Bakhri, S.; Subekti, M.; Sunaryo, G. R.

2018-02-01

The components of RSG-GAS main control room are facing the problem of material ageing and technology obsolescence as well, and therefore the need for modernization and refurbishment are essential. The modernization in control room can be applied on the operator support system which bears the function in providing information for assisting the operator in conducting diagnosis and actions. The research purpose is to design an operator support system for RSG-GAS control room. The design was developed based on the operator requirement in conducting task operation scenarios and the reactor operation characteristics. These scenarios include power operation, low power operation and shutdown/scram reactor. The operator support system design is presented in a single computer display which contains structure and support system elements e.g. operation procedure, status of safety related components and operational requirements, operation limit condition of parameters, alarm information, and prognosis function. The prototype was developed using LabView software and consisted of components structure and features of the operator support system. Information of each component in the operator support system need to be completed before it can be applied and integrated in the RSG-GAS main control room.

Modeling and control of flow during impregnation of heterogeneous porous media, with application to composite mold-filling processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bickerton, Simon

Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) encompasses a growing list of composite material manufacturing techniques. These processes have provided the promise for complex fiber reinforced plastics parts, manufactured from a single molding step. In recent years a significant research effort has been invested in development of process simulations, providing tools that have advanced current LCM technology and broadened the range of applications. The requirement for manufacture of larger, more complex parts has motivated investigation of active control of LCM processes. Due to the unlimited variety of part geometries that can be produced, finite element based process simulations will be used to some extent in design of actively controlled processes. Ongoing efforts are being made to improve material parameter specification for process simulations, increasing their value as design tools. Several phenomena occurring during mold filling have been addressed through flow visualization experimentation and analysis of manufactured composite parts. The influence of well defined air channels within a mold cavity is investigated, incorporating their effects within existing filling simulations. Three different flow configurations have been addressed, testing the application of 'equivalent permeabilities', effectively approximating air channels as representative porous media. LCM parts having doubly curved regions require preform fabrics to undergo significant, and varying deformation throughout a mold cavity. Existing methods for predicting preform deformation, and the resulting permeability distribution have been applied to a conical mold geometry. Comparisons between experiment and simulation are promising, while the geometry studied has required large deformation over much of the part, shearing the preform fabric beyond the scope of the models applied. An investigational study was performed to determine the magnitude of effect, if any, on mold filling caused by corners within LCM mold cavities. The molds applied in this study have required careful consideration of cavity thickness variations. Any effects on mold filling due to corner radii have been overshadowed by those due to preform compression. While numerical tools are available to study actively controlled mold filling in a virtual environment, some development is required for the physical equipment to implement this in practice. A versatile, multiple line fluid injection system is developed here. The equipment and control algorithms employed have provided servo control of flow rate, or injection pressure, and have been tested under very challenging conditions. The single injection line developed is expanded to a multiple line system, and shows great potential for application to actual resin systems. A case study is presented, demonstrating design and implementation of a simple actively controlled injection scheme. The experimental facility developed provides an excellent testbed for application of actively controlled mold filling concepts, an area that is providing great promise for the advancement of LCM processes.

Stereo Sound Field Controller Design Using Partial Model Matching on the Frequency Domain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumon, Makoto; Miike, Katsuhiro; Eguchi, Kazuki; Mizumoto, Ikuro; Iwai, Zenta

The objective of sound field control is to make the acoustic characteristics of a listening room close to those of the desired system. Conventional methods apply feedforward controllers, such as digital filters, to achieve this objective. However, feedback controllers are also necessary in order to attenuate noise or to compensate the uncertainty of the acoustic characteristics of the listening room. Since acoustic characteristics are well modeled on the frequency domain, it is efficient to design controllers with respect to frequency responses, but it is difficult to design a multi input multi output (MIMO) control system on a wide frequency domain. In the present study, a partial model matching method on the frequency domain was adopted because this method requires only sampled data, rather than complex mathematical models of the plant, in order to design controllers for MIMO systems. The partial model matching method was applied to design two-degree-of-freedom controllers for acoustic equalization and noise reduction. Experiments demonstrated effectiveness of the proposed method.

Interim Guidance for the Sanitary Control and Surveillance of Field Water Supplies

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-07-15

Applicability The guidance in this publication – a. Applies to the Active Army, U.S. Army Reserve, and Army National Guard, and addresses...requirements based on the location/climate, and the anticipated level, duration, and frequency of operational activities (see chapter 3). Interim...drinking. b. Background. Water is a required commodity for numerous activities in deployed environments. The most important of these is

Frictionless segmented mechanics for controlled space closure

PubMed Central

Andrade, Ildeu

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Extraction spaces may be needed to achieve specific orthodontic goals of positioning the dentition in harmony with the craniofacial complex. However, the fundamental reality that determines the occlusion final position is the control exerted by the orthodontist while closing the extraction spaces. A specific treatment objective may require the posterior teeth to remain in a constant position anteroposteriorly as well as vertically, while the anterior teeth occupy the entire extraction site. Another treatment objective may require the opposite, or any number of intentional alternatives of extraction site closure. The present case report describes a simple controlled segmented mechanic system that permitted definable and predictable force systems to be applied and allowed to predict the treatment outcome with confidence. This case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Diplomate certification. PMID:28444016

Final Technical Report: Distributed Controls for High Penetrations of Renewables

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Byrne, Raymond H.; Neely, Jason C.; Rashkin, Lee J.

2015-12-01

The goal of this effort was to apply four potential control analysis/design approaches to the design of distributed grid control systems to address the impact of latency and communications uncertainty with high penetrations of photovoltaic (PV) generation. The four techniques considered were: optimal fixed structure control; Nyquist stability criterion; vector Lyapunov analysis; and Hamiltonian design methods. A reduced order model of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) developed for the Matlab Power Systems Toolbox (PST) was employed for the study, as well as representative smaller systems (e.g., a two-area, three-area, and four-area power system). Excellent results were obtained with themore » optimal fixed structure approach, and the methodology we developed was published in a journal article. This approach is promising because it offers a method for designing optimal control systems with the feedback signals available from Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data as opposed to full state feedback or the design of an observer. The Nyquist approach inherently handles time delay and incorporates performance guarantees (e.g., gain and phase margin). We developed a technique that works for moderate sized systems, but the approach does not scale well to extremely large system because of computational complexity. The vector Lyapunov approach was applied to a two area model to demonstrate the utility for modeling communications uncertainty. Application to large power systems requires a method to automatically expand/contract the state space and partition the system so that communications uncertainty can be considered. The Hamiltonian Surface Shaping and Power Flow Control (HSSPFC) design methodology was selected to investigate grid systems for energy storage requirements to support high penetration of variable or stochastic generation (such as wind and PV) and loads. This method was applied to several small system models.« less

Validation of MIL-F-9490D - General Specification for Flight Control System for Piloted Military Aircraft. Volume II. YF-17 Lightweight Fighter Validation

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-04-01

Leakage current shall not exceed 10 milliamps when a dielectric stress voltage of 1,200 volts, 60 liz, is applied for 1 minute between insulated...include requirements which eqtial or exceed requirements of this paragraph. However, lower values for dielectric stress voltage and insulation...resistance were specified for solid state elec- tronic assemblies. Northrop’s requirement for dielectric strenirth specifies a test voltage of 300 volts RMS

Ferroelectric Based High Power Components for L-Band Accelerator Applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kanareykin, Alex; Jing, Chunguang; Kostin, Roman

2018-01-16

We are developing a new electronic device to control the power in particle accelerators. The key technology is a new nanostructured material developed by Euclid that changes its properties with an applied electric field. Both superconducting and conventional accelerating structures require fast electronic control of the input rf power. A fast controllable phase shifter would allow for example the control of the rf power delivered to multiple accelerating cavities from a single power amplifier. Nonlinear ferroelectric microwave components can control the tuning or the input power coupling for rf cavities. Applying a bias voltage across a nonlinear ferroelectric changes itsmore » permittivity. This effect can be used to cause a phase change of a propagating rf signal or change the resonant frequency of a cavity. The key is the development of a low loss highly tunable ferroelectric material.« less

Verification methodology for fault-tolerant, fail-safe computers applied to maglev control computer systems. Final report, July 1991-May 1993

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lala, J.H.; Nagle, G.A.; Harper, R.E.

1993-05-01

The Maglev control computer system should be designed to verifiably possess high reliability and safety as well as high availability to make Maglev a dependable and attractive transportation alternative to the public. A Maglev control computer system has been designed using a design-for-validation methodology developed earlier under NASA and SDIO sponsorship for real-time aerospace applications. The present study starts by defining the maglev mission scenario and ends with the definition of a maglev control computer architecture. Key intermediate steps included definitions of functional and dependability requirements, synthesis of two candidate architectures, development of qualitative and quantitative evaluation criteria, and analyticalmore » modeling of the dependability characteristics of the two architectures. Finally, the applicability of the design-for-validation methodology was also illustrated by applying it to the German Transrapid TR07 maglev control system.« less

Control allocation-based adaptive control for greenhouse climate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Su, Yuanping; Xu, Lihong; Goodman, Erik D.

2018-04-01

This paper presents an adaptive approach to greenhouse climate control, as part of an integrated control and management system for greenhouse production. In this approach, an adaptive control algorithm is first derived to guarantee the asymptotic convergence of the closed system with uncertainty, then using that control algorithm, a controller is designed to satisfy the demands for heat and mass fluxes to maintain inside temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration at their desired values. Instead of applying the original adaptive control inputs directly, second, a control allocation technique is applied to distribute the demands of the heat and mass fluxes to the actuators by minimising tracking errors and energy consumption. To find an energy-saving solution, both single-objective optimisation (SOO) and multiobjective optimisation (MOO) in the control allocation structure are considered. The advantage of the proposed approach is that it does not require any a priori knowledge of the uncertainty bounds, and the simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. It also indicates that MOO saves more energy in the control process.

Angle-of-Attack-Modulated Terminal Point Control for Neptune Aerocapture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Queen, Eric M.

2004-01-01

An aerocapture guidance algorithm based on a calculus of variations approach is developed, using angle of attack as the primary control variable. Bank angle is used as a secondary control to alleviate angle of attack extremes and to control inclination. The guidance equations are derived in detail. The controller has very small onboard computational requirements and is robust to atmospheric and aerodynamic dispersions. The algorithm is applied to aerocapture at Neptune. Three versions of the controller are considered with varying angle of attack authority. The three versions of the controller are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations with expected dispersions.

Propulsion Options for Primary Thrust and Attitude Control of Microspacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

deGroot, W. A.

1998-01-01

Order of magnitude decreases in the size of scientific satellites and spacecraft could provide concurrent decreases in mission costs because of lower launch and fabrication costs. Although many subsystems are amenable to dramatic size reductions, miniaturization of the propulsion subsystems is not straightforward. There are a range of requirements for both primary and attitude control propulsion, dictated by mission requirements, satellite size, and power restrictions. Many of the established propulsion technologies can not currently be applied to microspacecraft. Because of this, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication technology is being explored as a path for miniaturization.

41 CFR 102-39.60 - What restrictions and prohibitions apply to the exchange/sale of personal property?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... control equipment. 14 Guided missiles. 15 Aircraft and airframe structural components (except FSC Class... for FSC Class 1005, Guns through 30mm. Deviations are not required for Department of Defense (DoD...

49 CFR 40.351 - What confidentiality requirements apply to service agents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... confidentiality and security measures to ensure that confidential employee records are not available to unauthorized persons. This includes protecting the physical security of records, access controls, and computer security measures to safeguard confidential data in electronic data bases. ...

49 CFR 40.351 - What confidentiality requirements apply to service agents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... confidentiality and security measures to ensure that confidential employee records are not available to unauthorized persons. This includes protecting the physical security of records, access controls, and computer security measures to safeguard confidential data in electronic data bases. ...

49 CFR 40.351 - What confidentiality requirements apply to service agents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... confidentiality and security measures to ensure that confidential employee records are not available to unauthorized persons. This includes protecting the physical security of records, access controls, and computer security measures to safeguard confidential data in electronic data bases. ...

49 CFR 40.351 - What confidentiality requirements apply to service agents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... confidentiality and security measures to ensure that confidential employee records are not available to unauthorized persons. This includes protecting the physical security of records, access controls, and computer security measures to safeguard confidential data in electronic data bases. ...

Ovonic switching in tin selenide thin films. Ph.D. Thesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baxter, C. R.

1974-01-01

Amorphous tin selenide thin films which possess Ovonic switching properties were fabricated using vacuum deposition techniques. Results obtained indicate that memory type Ovonic switching does occur in these films the energy density required for switching from a high impedance to a low impedance state is dependent on the spacing between the electrodes of the device. The switching is also function of the magnitude of the applied voltage pulse. A completely automated computer controlled testing procedure was developed which allows precise control over the shape of the applied voltage switching pulse. A survey of previous experimental and theoretical work in the area of Ovonic switching is also presented.

Concepts for Life Cycle Cost Control Required to Achieve Space Transportation Affordability and Sustainability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rhodes, Russel E.; Zapata, Edgar; Levack, Daniel J. H.; Robinson, John W.; Donahue, Benjamin B.

2009-01-01

Cost control must be implemented through the establishment of requirements and controlled continually by managing to these requirements. Cost control of the non-recurring side of life cycle cost has traditionally been implemented in both commercial and government programs. The government uses the budget process to implement this control. The commercial approach is to use a similar process of allocating the non-recurring cost to major elements of the program. This type of control generally manages through a work breakdown structure (WBS) by defining the major elements of the program. If the cost control is to be applied across the entire program life cycle cost (LCC), the approach must be addressed very differently. A functional breakdown structure (FBS) is defined and recommended. Use of a FBS provides the visibifity to allow the choice of an integrated solution reducing the cost of providing many different elements of like function. The different functional solutions that drive the hardware logistics, quantity of documentation, operational labor, reliability and maintainability balance, and total integration of the entire system from DDT&E through the life of the program must be fully defined, compared, and final decisions made among these competing solutions. The major drivers of recurring cost have been identified and are presented and discussed. The LCC requirements must be established and flowed down to provide control of LCC. This LCC control will require a structured rigid process similar to the one traditionally used to control weight/performance for space transportation systems throughout the entire program. It has been demonstrated over the last 30 years that without a firm requirement and methodically structured cost control, it is unlikely that affordable and sustainable space transportation system LCC will be achieved.

Military Health System - Governance, Alignment and Configuration of Business Activities Task Group Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-01

requirements, etc. 2. Enhance the commitment and relationship with Veterans Affairs including shared clinic services and facilities, best evidence - based medicine and...health mission that applies best evidence - based medicine for stakeholders including: – Enhancing the medical readiness of all forces for all missions...hospitals and clinics) and are moving to common equipment, supplies, formularies, etc. • Applying best evidence - based medicine is helping to control supply

Quaternion error-based optimal control applied to pinpoint landing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghiglino, Pablo

Accurate control techniques for pinpoint planetary landing - i.e., the goal of achieving landing errors in the order of 100m for unmanned missions - is a complex problem that have been tackled in different ways in the available literature. Among other challenges, this kind of control is also affected by the well known trade-off in UAV control that for complex underlying models the control is sub-optimal, while optimal control is applied to simplifed models. The goal of this research has been the development new control algorithms that would be able to tackle these challenges and the result are two novel optimal control algorithms namely: OQTAL and HEX2OQTAL. These controllers share three key properties that are thoroughly proven and shown in this thesis; stability, accuracy and adaptability. Stability is rigorously demonstrated for both controllers. Accuracy is shown in results of comparing these novel controllers with other industry standard algorithms in several different scenarios: there is a gain in accuracy of at least 15% for each controller, and in many cases much more than that. A new tuning algorithm based on swarm heuristics optimisation was developed as well as part of this research in order to tune in an online manner the standard Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers used for benchmarking. Finally, adaptability of these controllers can be seen as a combination of four elements: mathematical model extensibility, cost matrices tuning, reduced computation time required and finally no prior knowledge of the navigation or guidance strategies needed. Further simulations in real planetary landing trajectories has shown that these controllers have the capacity of achieving landing errors in the order of pinpoint landing requirements, making them not only very precise UAV controllers, but also potential candidates for pinpoint landing unmanned missions.

Linear quadratic servo control of a reusable rocket engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Musgrave, Jeffrey L.

1991-01-01

A design method for a servo compensator is developed in the frequency domain using singular values. The method is applied to a reusable rocket engine. An intelligent control system for reusable rocket engines was proposed which includes a diagnostic system, a control system, and an intelligent coordinator which determines engine control strategies based on the identified failure modes. The method provides a means of generating various linear multivariable controllers capable of meeting performance and robustness specifications and accommodating failure modes identified by the diagnostic system. Command following with set point control is necessary for engine operation. A Kalman filter reconstructs the state while loop transfer recovery recovers the required degree of robustness while maintaining satisfactory rejection of sensor noise from the command error. The approach is applied to the design of a controller for a rocket engine satisfying performance constraints in the frequency domain. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of the linear design on a nonlinear engine model over all power levels during mainstage operation.

Control Design for an Advanced Geared Turbofan Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chapman, Jeffryes W.; Litt, Jonathan S.

2017-01-01

This paper describes the design process for the control system of an advanced geared turbofan engine. This process is applied to a simulation that is representative of a 30,000 pound-force thrust class concept engine with two main spools, ultra-high bypass ratio, and a variable area fan nozzle. Control system requirements constrain the non-linear engine model as it operates throughout its flight envelope of sea level to 40,000 feet and from 0 to 0.8 Mach. The purpose of this paper is to review the engine control design process for an advanced turbofan engine configuration. The control architecture selected for this project was developed from literature and reflects a configuration that utilizes a proportional integral controller with sets of limiters that enable the engine to operate safely throughout its flight envelope. Simulation results show the overall system meets performance requirements without exceeding operational limits.

Controller design for wind turbine load reduction via multiobjective parameter synthesis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoffmann, A. F.; Weiβ, F. A.

2016-09-01

During the design process for a wind turbine load reduction controller many different, sometimes conflicting requirements must be fulfilled simultaneously. If the requirements can be expressed as mathematical criteria, such a design problem can be solved by a criterion-vector and multi-objective design optimization. The software environment MOPS (Multi-Objective Parameter Synthesis) supports the engineer for such a design optimization. In this paper MOPS is applied to design a multi-objective load reduction controller for the well-known DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine. A significant reduction in the fatigue criteria especially the blade damage can be reached by the use of an additional Individual Pitch Controller (IPC) and an additional tower damper. This reduction is reached as a trade-off with an increase of actuator load.

Methodology for the passive control of orbital inclination and mean local time to meet sun-synchronous orbit requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Folta, David; Kraft, Lauri

1992-01-01

The mean local time (MLT) of equatorial crossing of a sun-synchronous Earth-observing spacecraft orbit drifts with inclination; therefore, in order to maintain the MLT, the inclination must be controlled. Inclination may be maintained actively by costly out-of-plane maneuvers or passively by using the perturbing forces due to the sun and moon. This paper examines the passive control approach using the Earth Observing System (EOS) as a basis for the discussion. Applications to Landsat and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) spacecraft are presented for comparison. This technique is especially beneficial to spacecraft lacking propulsion systems. The results indicate that passive inclination control appears to be the preferable maintenance method when spacecraft weight restrictions, operational considerations, and scientific requirements apply.

The Application of Software Safety to the Constellation Program Launch Control System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kania, James; Hill, Janice

2011-01-01

The application of software safety practices on the LCS project resulted in the successful implementation of the NASA Software Safety Standard NASA-STD-8719.138 and CxP software safety requirements. The GOP-GEN-GSW-011 Hazard Report was the first report developed at KSC to identify software hazard causes and their controls. This approach can be applied to similar large software - intensive systems where loss of control can lead to a hazard.

Distributed data collection and supervision based on web sensor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Pengju; Dai, Guanzhong; Fu, Lei; Li, Xiangjun

2006-11-01

As a node in Internet/Intranet, web sensor has been promoted in recent years and wildly applied in remote manufactory, workshop measurement and control field. However, the conventional scheme can only support HTTP protocol, and the remote users supervise and control the collected data published by web in the standard browser because of the limited resource of the microprocessor in the sensor; moreover, only one node of data acquirement can be supervised and controlled in one instant therefore the requirement of centralized remote supervision, control and data process can not be satisfied in some fields. In this paper, the centralized remote supervision, control and data process by the web sensor are proposed and implemented by the principle of device driver program. The useless information of the every collected web page embedded in the sensor is filtered and the useful data is transmitted to the real-time database in the workstation, and different filter algorithms are designed for different sensors possessing independent web pages. Every sensor node has its own filter program of web, called "web data collection driver program", the collecting details are shielded, and the supervision, control and configuration software can be implemented by the call of web data collection driver program just like the use of the I/O driver program. The proposed technology can be applied in the data acquirement where relative low real-time is required.

Corrosion Prevention and Control Planning Guidebook for Military Systems and Equipment

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-02

corrosion to applying advanced materials, coatings, inhibitors, and cathodic protection for corrosion control over many years, well before the DoD...requiring the delivery of the Contractor CPCP. Further, MIL-HDBK-1568 is for aerospace systems. Consider this when tailoring your Contract Data...Corrosion personnel from the user command; o Information Analysis Center personnel, such as Advanced Materials, Manufacturing, and Testing Information

[Development of New Mathematical Methodology in Air Traffic Control for the Analysis of Hybrid Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hermann, Robert

1997-01-01

The aim of this research is to develop new mathematical methodology for the analysis of hybrid systems of the type involved in Air Traffic Control (ATC) problems. Two directions of investigation were initiated. The first used the methodology of nonlinear generalized functions, whose mathematical foundations were initiated by Colombeau and developed further by Oberguggenberger; it has been extended to apply to ordinary differential. Systems of the type encountered in control in joint work with the PI and M. Oberguggenberger. This involved a 'mixture' of 'continuous' and 'discrete' methodology. ATC clearly involves mixtures of two sorts of mathematical problems: (1) The 'continuous' dynamics of a standard control type described by ordinary differential equations (ODE) of the form: {dx/dt = f(x, u)} and (2) the discrete lattice dynamics involved of cellular automata. Most of the CA literature involves a discretization of a partial differential equation system of the type encountered in physics problems (e.g. fluid and gas problems). Both of these directions requires much thinking and new development of mathematical fundamentals before they may be utilized in the ATC work. Rather than consider CA as 'discretization' of PDE systems, I believe that the ATC applications will require a completely different and new mathematical methodology, a sort of discrete analogue of jet bundles and/or the sheaf-theoretic techniques to topologists. Here too, I have begun work on virtually 'virgin' mathematical ground (at least from an 'applied' point of view) which will require considerable preliminary work.

40 CFR 51.912 - What requirements apply for reasonably available control technology (RACT) and reasonably...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-hour NAAQS? (a) What is the RACT requirement for areas subject to subpart 2 in accordance with § 51.903? (1) For each area subject to subpart 2 in accordance with § 51.903 of this part and classified... only to subpart 1 pursuant to § 51.902(b)? Areas subject only to subpart 1 pursuant to § 51.902(b) are...

40 CFR 51.912 - What requirements apply for reasonably available control technology (RACT) and reasonably...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-hour NAAQS? (a) What is the RACT requirement for areas subject to subpart 2 in accordance with § 51.903? (1) For each area subject to subpart 2 in accordance with § 51.903 of this part and classified... only to subpart 1 pursuant to § 51.902(b)? Areas subject only to subpart 1 pursuant to § 51.902(b) are...

9 CFR 145.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

.... Domesticated. Propagated and maintained under the control of a person. Equivalent or equivalent requirements... provisions of the Plan; (2) As applied to non-Plan but equivalent State poultry improvement programs. The... of this chapter, those organisms which are gram negative, non spore-forming bacilli, which ferment...

9 CFR 145.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... Domesticated. Propagated and maintained under the control of a person. Equivalent or equivalent requirements... provisions of the Plan; (2) As applied to non-Plan but equivalent State poultry improvement programs. The... of this chapter, those organisms which are gram negative, non spore-forming bacilli, which ferment...

34 CFR 385.45 - What additional application requirements apply to the training of individuals for rehabilitation...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... diverse populations of the United States, as part of the effort to increase the number of individuals with... services. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1820-0018) (Authority: Secs...

34 CFR 385.45 - What additional application requirements apply to the training of individuals for rehabilitation...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... diverse populations of the United States, as part of the effort to increase the number of individuals with... services. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1820-0018) (Authority: Secs...

34 CFR 385.45 - What additional application requirements apply to the training of individuals for rehabilitation...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... diverse populations of the United States, as part of the effort to increase the number of individuals with... services. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1820-0018) (Authority: Secs...

34 CFR 385.45 - What additional application requirements apply to the training of individuals for rehabilitation...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... diverse populations of the United States, as part of the effort to increase the number of individuals with... services. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1820-0018) (Authority: Secs...

34 CFR 385.45 - What additional application requirements apply to the training of individuals for rehabilitation...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... diverse populations of the United States, as part of the effort to increase the number of individuals with... services. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1820-0018) (Authority: Secs...

Adiabatic Quantum Simulation of Quantum Chemistry

PubMed Central

Babbush, Ryan; Love, Peter J.; Aspuru-Guzik, Alán

2014-01-01

We show how to apply the quantum adiabatic algorithm directly to the quantum computation of molecular properties. We describe a procedure to map electronic structure Hamiltonians to 2-body qubit Hamiltonians with a small set of physically realizable couplings. By combining the Bravyi-Kitaev construction to map fermions to qubits with perturbative gadgets to reduce the Hamiltonian to 2-body, we obtain precision requirements on the coupling strengths and a number of ancilla qubits that scale polynomially in the problem size. Hence our mapping is efficient. The required set of controllable interactions includes only two types of interaction beyond the Ising interactions required to apply the quantum adiabatic algorithm to combinatorial optimization problems. Our mapping may also be of interest to chemists directly as it defines a dictionary from electronic structure to spin Hamiltonians with physical interactions. PMID:25308187

Cooperative control theory and integrated flight and propulsion control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schmidt, David K.; Schierman, John D.

1995-01-01

The major contribution of this research was the exposition of the fact that airframe and engine interactions could be present, and their effects could include loss of stability and performance of the control systems. Also, the significance of two directional, as opposed to one-directional, coupling was identified and explained. A multivariable stability and performance analysis methodology was developed, and applied to several candidate aircraft configurations. In these example evaluations, the significance of these interactions was underscored. Also exposed was the fact that with interactions present along with some integrated control approaches, the engine command/limiting logic (which represents an important nonlinear component of the engine control system) can impact closed-loop airframe/engine system stability. Finally, a brief investigation of control-law synthesis techniques appropriate for the class of systems was pursued, and it was determined that multivariable techniques, including model-following formulations of LQG and/or H infinity methods, showed promise. However, for practical reasons, decentralized control architectures are preferred, which is an architecture incompatible with these synthesis methods. The major contributions of the second phase of the grant was the development of conditions under which no decentralized controller could achieve closed loop system requirements on stability and/or performance. Sought were conditions that depended only on properties of the plant and the requirement, and independent of any particular control law or synthesis approach. Therefore, they could be applied a priori, before synthesis of a candidate control law. Under this grant, such conditions were found regarding stability, and encouraging initial results were obtained regarding performance.

A Novel Design of an Automatic Lighting Control System for a Wireless Sensor Network with Increased Sensor Lifetime and Reduced Sensor Numbers

PubMed Central

Mohamaddoust, Reza; Haghighat, Abolfazl Toroghi; Sharif, Mohamad Javad Motahari; Capanni, Niccolo

2011-01-01

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are currently being applied to energy conservation applications such as light control. We propose a design for such a system called a Lighting Automatic Control System (LACS). The LACS system contains a centralized or distributed architecture determined by application requirements and space usage. The system optimizes the calculations and communications for lighting intensity, incorporates user illumination requirements according to their activities and performs adjustments based on external lighting effects in external sensor and external sensor-less architectures. Methods are proposed for reducing the number of sensors required and increasing the lifetime of those used, for considerably reduced energy consumption. Additionally we suggest methods for improving uniformity of illuminance distribution on a workplane’s surface, which improves user satisfaction. Finally simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of our design. PMID:22164114

Ground Vehicle Convoying

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gage, Douglas W.; Pletta, J. Bryan

1987-01-01

Initial investigations into two different approaches for applying autonomous ground vehicle technology to the vehicle convoying application are described. A minimal capability system that would maintain desired speed and vehicle spacing while a human driver provided steering control could improve convoy performance and provide positive control at night and in inclement weather, but would not reduce driver manpower requirements. Such a system could be implemented in a modular and relatively low cost manner. A more capable system would eliminate the human driver in following vehicles and reduce manpower requirements for the transportation of supplies. This technology could also be used to aid in the deployment of teleoperated vehicles in a battlefield environment. The needs, requirements, and several proposed solutions for such an Attachable Robotic Convoy Capability (ARCC) system will be discussed. Included are discussions of sensors, communications, computers, control systems and safety issues. This advanced robotic convoy system will provide a much greater capability, but will be more difficult and expensive to implement.

A novel design of an automatic lighting control system for a wireless sensor network with increased sensor lifetime and reduced sensor numbers.

PubMed

Mohamaddoust, Reza; Haghighat, Abolfazl Toroghi; Sharif, Mohamad Javad Motahari; Capanni, Niccolo

2011-01-01

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are currently being applied to energy conservation applications such as light control. We propose a design for such a system called a lighting automatic control system (LACS). The LACS system contains a centralized or distributed architecture determined by application requirements and space usage. The system optimizes the calculations and communications for lighting intensity, incorporates user illumination requirements according to their activities and performs adjustments based on external lighting effects in external sensor and external sensor-less architectures. Methods are proposed for reducing the number of sensors required and increasing the lifetime of those used, for considerably reduced energy consumption. Additionally we suggest methods for improving uniformity of illuminance distribution on a workplane's surface, which improves user satisfaction. Finally simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of our design.

Adaptive wing static aeroelastic roll control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ehlers, Steven M.; Weisshaar, Terrence A.

1993-09-01

Control of the static aeroelastic characteristics of a swept uniform wing in roll using an adaptive structure is examined. The wing structure is modeled as a uniform beam with bending and torsional deformation freedom. Aerodynamic loads are obtained from strip theory. The structure model includes coefficients representing torsional and bending actuation provided by embedded piezoelectric material layers. The wing is made adaptive by requiring the electric field applied to the piezoelectric material layers to be proportional to the wing root loads. The proportionality factor, or feedback gain, is used to control static aeroelastic rolling properties. Example wing configurations are used to illustrate the capabilities of the adaptive structure. The results show that rolling power, damping-in-roll and aileron effectiveness can be controlled by adjusting the feedback gain. And that dynamic pressure affects the gain required. Gain scheduling can be used to set and maintain rolling properties over a range of dynamic pressures. An adaptive wing provides a method for active aeroelastic tailoring of structural response to meet changing structural performance requirements during a roll maneuver.

Bang-Bang Practical Stabilization of Rigid Bodies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Serpelloni, Edoardo

In this thesis, we study the problem of designing a practical stabilizer for a rigid body equipped with a set of actuators generating only constant thrust. Our motivation stems from the fact that modern space missions are required to accurately control the position and orientation of spacecraft actuated by constant-thrust jet-thrusters. To comply with the performance limitations of modern thrusters, we design a feedback controller that does not induce high-frequency switching of the actuators. The proposed controller is hybrid and it asymptotically stabilizes an arbitrarily small compact neighborhood of the target position and orientation of the rigid body. The controller is characterized by a hierarchical structure comprising of two control layers. At the low level of the hierarchy, an attitude controller stabilizes the target orientation of the rigid body. At the high level, after the attitude controller has steered the rigid body sufficiently close to its desired orientation, a position controller stabilizes the desired position. The size of the neighborhood being stabilized by the controller can be adjusted via a proper selection of the controller parameters. This allows us to stabilize the rigid body to virtually any degree of accuracy. It is shown that the controller, even in the presence of measurement noise, does not induce high-frequency switching of the actuators. The key component in the design of the controller is a hybrid stabilizer for the origin of double-integrators affected by bounded external perturbations. Specifically, both the position and the attitude stabilizers consist of multiple copies of such a double-integrator controller. The proposed controller is applied to two realistic spacecraft control problems. First, we apply the position controller to the problem of stabilizing the relative position between two spacecraft flying in formation in the vicinity of the L2 libration point of the Sun-Earth system as a part of a large space telescope. The proposed position controller represents the first feedback strategy to guarantee the accuracy level required by this class of space missions using real-life electric thrusters. The final controller is applied to the control of a large space vehicle performing rendezvous and docking operations with the International Space Station. It is shown that the controller guarantees a safe docking even under the effects of biases in the placement of the on-board thrusters.

Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical (EEE) parts management and control requirements for NASA space flight programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

This document establishes electrical, electronic, and electromechanical (EEE) parts management and control requirements for contractors providing and maintaining space flight and mission-essential or critical ground support equipment for NASA space flight programs. Although the text is worded 'the contractor shall,' the requirements are also to be used by NASA Headquarters and field installations for developing program/project parts management and control requirements for in-house and contracted efforts. This document places increased emphasis on parts programs to ensure that reliability and quality are considered through adequate consideration of the selection, control, and application of parts. It is the intent of this document to identify disciplines that can be implemented to obtain reliable parts which meet mission needs. The parts management and control requirements described in this document are to be selectively applied, based on equipment class and mission needs. Individual equipment needs should be evaluated to determine the extent to which each requirement should be implemented on a procurement. Utilization of this document does not preclude the usage of other documents. The entire process of developing and implementing requirements is referred to as 'tailoring' the program for a specific project. Some factors that should be considered in this tailoring process include program phase, equipment category and criticality, equipment complexity, and mission requirements. Parts management and control requirements advocated by this document directly support the concept of 'reliability by design' and are an integral part of system reliability and maintainability. Achieving the required availability and mission success objectives during operation depends on the attention given reliability and maintainability in the design phase. Consequently, it is intended that the requirements described in this document are consistent with those of NASA publications, 'Reliability Program Requirements for Aeronautical and Space System Contractors,' NHB 5300.4(1A-l); 'Maintainability Program Requirements for Space Systems,' NHB 5300.4(1E); and 'Quality Program Provisions for Aeronautical and Space System Contractors,' NHB 5300.4(1B).

Physicochemical Control of Adult Stem Cell Differentiation: Shedding Light on Potential Molecular Mechanisms

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

stem - cell -based biomedical and therapeutic applications, including tissue engineering, requires an understanding of the cell-cell and cell-environment interactions. To this end, recent efforts have been focused on the manipulation of adult stem cell differentiation using inductive soluble factors, designing suitable mechanical environments, and applying noninvasive physical forces. Although each of these different approaches has been successfully applied to regulate stem cell differentiation, it would be of great interest and

Automated microbeam observation environment for biological analysis—Custom portable environmental control applied to a vertical microbeam system

PubMed Central

England, Matthew J.; Bigelow, Alan W.; Merchant, Michael J.; Velliou, Eirini; Welch, David; Brenner, David J.; Kirkby, Karen J.

2018-01-01

Vertical Microbeams (VMB) are used to irradiate individual cells with low MeV energy ions. The irradiation of cells using VMBs requires cells to be removed from an incubator; this can cause physiological changes to cells because of the lower CO2 concentration, temperature and relative humidity outside of the incubator. Consequently, for experiments where cells require irradiation and observation for extended time periods, it is important to provide a controlled environment. The highly customised nature of the microscopes used on VMB systems means that there are no commercially available environmentally controlled microscope systems for VMB systems. The Automated Microbeam Observation Environment for Biological Analysis (AMOEBA) is a highly flexible modular environmental control system used to create incubator conditions on the end of a VMB. The AMOEBA takes advantage of the recent “maker” movement to create an open source control system that can be easily configured by the user to fit their control needs even beyond VMB applications. When applied to the task of controlling cell medium temperature, CO2 concentration and relative humidity on VMBs it creates a stable environment that allows cells to multiply on the end of a VMB over a period of 36 h, providing a low-cost (costing less than $2700 to build), customisable alternative to commercial time-lapse microscopy systems. AMOEBA adds the potential of VMBs to explore the long-term effects of radiation on single cells opening up new research areas for VMBs. PMID:29515291

Automated microbeam observation environment for biological analysis-Custom portable environmental control applied to a vertical microbeam system.

PubMed

England, Matthew J; Bigelow, Alan W; Merchant, Michael J; Velliou, Eirini; Welch, David; Brenner, David J; Kirkby, Karen J

2017-02-01

Vertical Microbeams (VMB) are used to irradiate individual cells with low MeV energy ions. The irradiation of cells using VMBs requires cells to be removed from an incubator; this can cause physiological changes to cells because of the lower CO 2 concentration, temperature and relative humidity outside of the incubator. Consequently, for experiments where cells require irradiation and observation for extended time periods, it is important to provide a controlled environment. The highly customised nature of the microscopes used on VMB systems means that there are no commercially available environmentally controlled microscope systems for VMB systems. The Automated Microbeam Observation Environment for Biological Analysis (AMOEBA) is a highly flexible modular environmental control system used to create incubator conditions on the end of a VMB. The AMOEBA takes advantage of the recent "maker" movement to create an open source control system that can be easily configured by the user to fit their control needs even beyond VMB applications. When applied to the task of controlling cell medium temperature, CO 2 concentration and relative humidity on VMBs it creates a stable environment that allows cells to multiply on the end of a VMB over a period of 36 h, providing a low-cost (costing less than $2700 to build), customisable alternative to commercial time-lapse microscopy systems. AMOEBA adds the potential of VMBs to explore the long-term effects of radiation on single cells opening up new research areas for VMBs.

Proximal Versus Distal Control of Two-Joint Planar Reaching Movements in the Presence of Neuromuscular Noise

PubMed Central

Nguyen, Hung P.; Dingwell, Jonathan B.

2012-01-01

Determining how the human nervous system contends with neuro-motor noise is vital to understanding how humans achieve accurate goal-directed movements. Experimentally, people learning skilled tasks tend to reduce variability in distal joint movements more than in proximal joint movements. This suggests that they might be imposing greater control over distal joints than proximal joints. However, the reasons for this remain unclear, largely because it is not experimentally possible to directly manipulate either the noise or the control at each joint independently. Therefore, this study used a 2 degree-of-freedom torque driven arm model to determine how different combinations of noise and/or control independently applied at each joint affected the reaching accuracy and the total work required to make the movement. Signal-dependent noise was simultaneously and independently added to the shoulder and elbow torques to induce endpoint errors during planar reaching. Feedback control was then applied, independently and jointly, at each joint to reduce endpoint error due to the added neuromuscular noise. Movement direction and the inertia distribution along the arm were varied to quantify how these biomechanical variations affected the system performance. Endpoint error and total net work were computed as dependent measures. When each joint was independently subjected to noise in the absence of control, endpoint errors were more sensitive to distal (elbow) noise than to proximal (shoulder) noise for nearly all combinations of reaching direction and inertia ratio. The effects of distal noise on endpoint errors were more pronounced when inertia was distributed more toward the forearm. In contrast, the total net work decreased as mass was shifted to the upper arm for reaching movements in all directions. When noise was present at both joints and joint control was implemented, controlling the distal joint alone reduced endpoint errors more than controlling the proximal joint alone for nearly all combinations of reaching direction and inertia ratio. Applying control only at the distal joint was more effective at reducing endpoint errors when more of the mass was more proximally distributed. Likewise, controlling the distal joint alone required less total net work than controlling the proximal joint alone for nearly all combinations of reaching distance and inertia ratio. It is more efficient to reduce endpoint error and energetic cost by selectively applying control to reduce variability in the distal joint than the proximal joint. The reasons for this arise from the biomechanical configuration of the arm itself. PMID:22757504

Proximal versus distal control of two-joint planar reaching movements in the presence of neuromuscular noise.

PubMed

Nguyen, Hung P; Dingwell, Jonathan B

2012-06-01

Determining how the human nervous system contends with neuro-motor noise is vital to understanding how humans achieve accurate goal-directed movements. Experimentally, people learning skilled tasks tend to reduce variability in distal joint movements more than in proximal joint movements. This suggests that they might be imposing greater control over distal joints than proximal joints. However, the reasons for this remain unclear, largely because it is not experimentally possible to directly manipulate either the noise or the control at each joint independently. Therefore, this study used a 2 degree-of-freedom torque driven arm model to determine how different combinations of noise and/or control independently applied at each joint affected the reaching accuracy and the total work required to make the movement. Signal-dependent noise was simultaneously and independently added to the shoulder and elbow torques to induce endpoint errors during planar reaching. Feedback control was then applied, independently and jointly, at each joint to reduce endpoint error due to the added neuromuscular noise. Movement direction and the inertia distribution along the arm were varied to quantify how these biomechanical variations affected the system performance. Endpoint error and total net work were computed as dependent measures. When each joint was independently subjected to noise in the absence of control, endpoint errors were more sensitive to distal (elbow) noise than to proximal (shoulder) noise for nearly all combinations of reaching direction and inertia ratio. The effects of distal noise on endpoint errors were more pronounced when inertia was distributed more toward the forearm. In contrast, the total net work decreased as mass was shifted to the upper arm for reaching movements in all directions. When noise was present at both joints and joint control was implemented, controlling the distal joint alone reduced endpoint errors more than controlling the proximal joint alone for nearly all combinations of reaching direction and inertia ratio. Applying control only at the distal joint was more effective at reducing endpoint errors when more of the mass was more proximally distributed. Likewise, controlling the distal joint alone required less total net work than controlling the proximal joint alone for nearly all combinations of reaching distance and inertia ratio. It is more efficient to reduce endpoint error and energetic cost by selectively applying control to reduce variability in the distal joint than the proximal joint. The reasons for this arise from the biomechanical configuration of the arm itself.

PID Controller Design for FES Applied to Ankle Muscles in Neuroprosthesis for Standing Balance

PubMed Central

Rouhani, Hossein; Same, Michael; Masani, Kei; Li, Ya Qi; Popovic, Milos R.

2017-01-01

Closed-loop controlled functional electrical stimulation (FES) applied to the lower limb muscles can be used as a neuroprosthesis for standing balance in neurologically impaired individuals. The objective of this study was to propose a methodology for designing a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for FES applied to the ankle muscles toward maintaining standing balance for several minutes and in the presence of perturbations. First, a model of the physiological control strategy for standing balance was developed. Second, the parameters of a PID controller that mimicked the physiological balance control strategy were determined to stabilize the human body when modeled as an inverted pendulum. Third, this PID controller was implemented using a custom-made Inverted Pendulum Standing Apparatus that eliminated the effect of visual and vestibular sensory information on voluntary balance control. Using this setup, the individual-specific FES controllers were tested in able-bodied individuals and compared with disrupted voluntary control conditions in four experimental paradigms: (i) quiet-standing; (ii) sudden change of targeted pendulum angle (step response); (iii) balance perturbations that simulate arm movements; and (iv) sudden change of targeted angle of a pendulum with individual-specific body-weight (step response). In paradigms (i) to (iii), a standard 39.5-kg pendulum was used, and 12 subjects were involved. In paradigm (iv) 9 subjects were involved. Across the different experimental paradigms and subjects, the FES-controlled and disrupted voluntarily-controlled pendulum angle showed root mean square errors of <1.2 and 2.3 deg, respectively. The root mean square error (all paradigms), rise time, settle time, and overshoot [paradigms (ii) and (iv)] in FES-controlled balance were significantly smaller or tended to be smaller than those observed with voluntarily-controlled balance, implying improved steady-state and transient responses of FES-controlled balance. At the same time, the FES-controlled balance required similar torque levels (no significant difference) as voluntarily-controlled balance. The implemented PID parameters were to some extent consistent among subjects for standard weight conditions and did not require prolonged individual-specific tuning. The proposed methodology can be used to design FES controllers for closed-loop controlled neuroprostheses for standing balance. Further investigation of the clinical implementation of this approach for neurologically impaired individuals is needed. PMID:28676739

Adaptive control of dual-arm robots

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seraji, H.

1987-01-01

Three strategies for adaptive control of cooperative dual-arm robots are described. In the position-position control strategy, the adaptive controllers ensure that the end-effector positions of both arms track desired trajectories in Cartesian space despite unknown time-varying interaction forces exerted through the load. In the position-hybrid control strategy, the adaptive controller of one arm controls end-effector motions in the free directions and applied forces in the constraint directions, while the adaptive controller of the other arm ensures that the end-effector tracks desired position trajectories. In the hybrid-hybrid control strategy, the adaptive controllers ensure that both end-effectors track reference position trajectories while simultaneously applying desired forces on the load. In all three control strategies, the cross-coupling effects between the arms are treated as disturbances which are rejected by the adaptive controllers while following desired commands in a common frame of reference. The adaptive controllers do not require the complex mathematical model of the arm dynamics or any knowledge of the arm dynamic parameters or the load parameters such as mass and stiffness. The controllers have simple structures and are computationally fast for on-line implementation with high sampling rates.

Feedback control by online learning an inverse model.

PubMed

Waegeman, Tim; Wyffels, Francis; Schrauwen, Francis

2012-10-01

A model, predictor, or error estimator is often used by a feedback controller to control a plant. Creating such a model is difficult when the plant exhibits nonlinear behavior. In this paper, a novel online learning control framework is proposed that does not require explicit knowledge about the plant. This framework uses two learning modules, one for creating an inverse model, and the other for actually controlling the plant. Except for their inputs, they are identical. The inverse model learns by the exploration performed by the not yet fully trained controller, while the actual controller is based on the currently learned model. The proposed framework allows fast online learning of an accurate controller. The controller can be applied on a broad range of tasks with different dynamic characteristics. We validate this claim by applying our control framework on several control tasks: 1) the heating tank problem (slow nonlinear dynamics); 2) flight pitch control (slow linear dynamics); and 3) the balancing problem of a double inverted pendulum (fast linear and nonlinear dynamics). The results of these experiments show that fast learning and accurate control can be achieved. Furthermore, a comparison is made with some classical control approaches, and observations concerning convergence and stability are made.

Multivariable control of a rapid thermal processor using ultrasonic sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dankoski, Paul C. P.

The semiconductor manufacturing industry faces the need for tighter control of thermal budget and process variations as circuit feature sizes decrease. Strategies to meet this need include supervisory control, run-to-run control, and real-time feedback control. Typically, the level of control chosen depends upon the actuation and sensing available. Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) is one step of the manufacturing cycle requiring precise temperature control and hence real-time feedback control. At the outset of this research, the primary ingredient lacking from in-situ RTP temperature control was a suitable sensor. This research looks at an alternative to the traditional approach of pyrometry, which is limited by the unknown and possibly time-varying wafer emissivity. The technique is based upon the temperature dependence of the propagation time of an acoustic wave in the wafer. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the ultrasonic sensors as a potentially viable sensor for control in RTP. To do this, an experimental implementation was developed at the Center for Integrated Systems. Because of the difficulty in applying a known temperature standard in an RTP environment, calibration to absolute temperature is nontrivial. Given reference propagation delays, multivariable model-based feedback control is applied to the system. The modelling and implementation details are described. The control techniques have been applied to a number of research processes including rapid thermal annealing and rapid thermal crystallization of thin silicon films on quartz/glass substrates.

Diageotropica and lateral rooting, the rest of the story

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The nature of the control of lateral root initiation has been controversial for 80+ years. A mutant tomato (diageotropica), incapable of producing lateral roots, was first classified as ethylene requiring since exceptionally low concentrations of ethylene, applied to the shoot, stimulated lateral r...

A PBPK MODEL OF PYRETHROID PESTICIDES FOR APPLICATION IN RISK ASSESSMENT

EPA Science Inventory

Pyrethroids are among the most potent and effective insecticides available, and are applied singly or in combination in agricultural and indoor insect control. The Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996 requires the US EPA to consider the cumulative (multi-chemical) effect...

EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES TO EVALUATING THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

EPA Science Inventory

Epidemiologic studies have suggested factors in drinking water influence on the human cardiovascular system. A clear identification of the factors involved requires more invasive techniques and more strict experimental controls than can usually be applied in epidemiologic studies...

Electrical Properties and Power Considerations of a Piezoelectric Actuator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jordan, T.; Ounaies, Z.; Tripp, J.; Tcheng, P.

1999-01-01

This paper assesses the electrical characteristics of piezoelectric wafers for use in aeronautical applications such as active noise control in aircraft. Determination of capacitive behavior and power consumption is necessary to optimize the system configuration and to design efficient driving electronics. Empirical relations are developed from experimental data to predict the capacitance and loss tangent of a PZT5A ceramic as nonlinear functions of both applied peak voltage and driving frequency. Power consumed by the PZT is the rate of energy required to excite the piezoelectric system along with power dissipated due to dielectric loss and mechanical and structural damping. Overall power consumption is thus quantified as a function of peak applied voltage and driving frequency. It was demonstrated that by incorporating the variation of capacitance and power loss with voltage and frequency, satisfactory estimates of power requirements can be obtained. These relations allow general guidelines in selection and application of piezoelectric actuators and driving electronics for active control applications.

Application of statistical process control to qualitative molecular diagnostic assays.

PubMed

O'Brien, Cathal P; Finn, Stephen P

2014-01-01

Modern pathology laboratories and in particular high throughput laboratories such as clinical chemistry have developed a reliable system for statistical process control (SPC). Such a system is absent from the majority of molecular laboratories and where present is confined to quantitative assays. As the inability to apply SPC to an assay is an obvious disadvantage this study aimed to solve this problem by using a frequency estimate coupled with a confidence interval calculation to detect deviations from an expected mutation frequency. The results of this study demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of this approach and highlight minimum sample number requirements. Notably, assays with low mutation frequencies and detection of small deviations from an expected value require greater sample numbers to mitigate a protracted time to detection. Modeled laboratory data was also used to highlight how this approach might be applied in a routine molecular laboratory. This article is the first to describe the application of SPC to qualitative laboratory data.

Biofiltration: an innovative air pollution control technology for VOC emissions.

PubMed

Leson, G; Winer, A M

1991-08-01

Biofiltration is a relatively recent air pollution control (APC) technology in which off-gases containing biodegradable volatile organic compounds (VOC) or inorganic air toxics are vented through a biologically active material. This technology has been successfully applied in Germany and The Netherlands in many full-scale applications to control odors, VOC and air toxic emissions from a wide range of industrial and public sector sources. Control efficiencies of more than 90 percent have been achieved for many common air pollutants. Due to lower operating costs, biofiltration can provide significant economic advantages over other APC technologies if applied to off-gases that contain readily biodegradable pollutants in low concentrations. Environmental benefits include low energy requirements and the avoidance of cross media transfer of pollutants. This paper reviews the history and current status of biofiltration, outlines its underlying scientific and engineering principles, and discusses the applicability of biofilters for a wide range of specific emission sources.

Platform for real-time simulation of dynamic systems and hardware-in-the-loop for control algorithms.

PubMed

de Souza, Isaac D T; Silva, Sergio N; Teles, Rafael M; Fernandes, Marcelo A C

2014-10-15

The development of new embedded algorithms for automation and control of industrial equipment usually requires the use of real-time testing. However, the equipment required is often expensive, which means that such tests are often not viable. The objective of this work was therefore to develop an embedded platform for the distributed real-time simulation of dynamic systems. This platform, called the Real-Time Simulator for Dynamic Systems (RTSDS), could be applied in both industrial and academic environments. In industrial applications, the RTSDS could be used to optimize embedded control algorithms. In the academic sphere, it could be used to support research into new embedded solutions for automation and control and could also be used as a tool to assist in undergraduate and postgraduate teaching related to the development of projects concerning on-board control systems.

Platform for Real-Time Simulation of Dynamic Systems and Hardware-in-the-Loop for Control Algorithms

PubMed Central

de Souza, Isaac D. T.; Silva, Sergio N.; Teles, Rafael M.; Fernandes, Marcelo A. C.

2014-01-01

The development of new embedded algorithms for automation and control of industrial equipment usually requires the use of real-time testing. However, the equipment required is often expensive, which means that such tests are often not viable. The objective of this work was therefore to develop an embedded platform for the distributed real-time simulation of dynamic systems. This platform, called the Real-Time Simulator for Dynamic Systems (RTSDS), could be applied in both industrial and academic environments. In industrial applications, the RTSDS could be used to optimize embedded control algorithms. In the academic sphere, it could be used to support research into new embedded solutions for automation and control and could also be used as a tool to assist in undergraduate and postgraduate teaching related to the development of projects concerning on-board control systems. PMID:25320906

Deep learning and model predictive control for self-tuning mode-locked lasers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baumeister, Thomas; Brunton, Steven L.; Nathan Kutz, J.

2018-03-01

Self-tuning optical systems are of growing importance in technological applications such as mode-locked fiber lasers. Such self-tuning paradigms require {\\em intelligent} algorithms capable of inferring approximate models of the underlying physics and discovering appropriate control laws in order to maintain robust performance for a given objective. In this work, we demonstrate the first integration of a {\\em deep learning} (DL) architecture with {\\em model predictive control} (MPC) in order to self-tune a mode-locked fiber laser. Not only can our DL-MPC algorithmic architecture approximate the unknown fiber birefringence, it also builds a dynamical model of the laser and appropriate control law for maintaining robust, high-energy pulses despite a stochastically drifting birefringence. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method on a fiber laser which is mode-locked by nonlinear polarization rotation. The method advocated can be broadly applied to a variety of optical systems that require robust controllers.

Analysis of a Linear System for Variable-Thrust Control in the Terminal Phase of Rendezvous

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hord, Richard A.; Durling, Barbara J.

1961-01-01

A linear system for applying thrust to a ferry vehicle in the 3 terminal phase of rendezvous with a satellite is analyzed. This system requires that the ferry thrust vector per unit mass be variable and equal to a suitable linear combination of the measured position and velocity vectors of the ferry relative to the satellite. The variations of the ferry position, speed, acceleration, and mass ratio are examined for several combinations of the initial conditions and two basic control parameters analogous to the undamped natural frequency and the fraction of critical damping. Upon making a desirable selection of one control parameter and requiring minimum fuel expenditure for given terminal-phase initial conditions, a simplified analysis in one dimension practically fixes the choice of the remaining control parameter. The system can be implemented by an automatic controller or by a pilot.

Contamination control of the space shuttle Orbiter crew compartment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bartelson, Donald W.

1986-01-01

Effective contamination control as applied to manned space flight environments is a discipline characterized and controlled by many parameters. An introduction is given to issues involving Orbiter crew compartment contamination control. An effective ground processing contamination control program is an essential building block to a successful shuttle mission. Personnel are required to don cleanroom-grade clothing ensembles before entering the crew compartment and follow cleanroom rules and regulations. Prior to crew compartment entry, materials and equipment must be checked by an orbiter integrity clerk stationed outside the white-room entrance for compliance to program requirements. Analysis and source identification of crew compartment debris studies have been going on for two years. The objective of these studies is to determine and identify particulate generating materials and activities in the crew compartment. Results show a wide spectrum of many different types of materials. When source identification is made, corrective action is implemented to minimize or curtail further contaminate generation.

Drag reduction in channel flow using nonlinear control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keefe, Laurence R.

1993-01-01

Two nonlinear control schemes have been applied to the problem of drag reduction in channel flow. Both schemes have been tested using numerical simulations at a mass flux Reynolds numbers of 4408, utilizing 2D nonlinear neutral modes for goal dynamics. The OGY-method, which requires feedback, reduces drag to 60-80 percent of the turbulent value at the same Reynolds number, and employs forcing only within a thin region near the wall. The H-method, or model-based control, fails to achieve any drag reduction when starting from a fully turbulent initial condition, but shows potential for suppressing or retarding laminar-to-turbulent transition by imposing instead a transition to a low drag, nonlinear traveling wave solution to the Navier-Stokes equation. The drag in this state corresponds to that achieved by the OGY-method. Model-based control requires no feedback, but in experiments to date has required the forcing be imposed within a thicker layer than the OGY-method. Control energy expenditures in both methods are small, representing less than 0.1 percent of the uncontrolled flow's energy.

System configuration management plan for 101-SY Hydrogen Mitigation Test Project Mini-Data Acquisition and Control System of Tank Waste Remediation System

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vargo, G.F. Jr.

1994-10-11

The DOE Standard defines the configuration management program by the five basic program elements of ``program management,`` ``design requirements,`` ``document control,`` ``change control,`` and ``assessments,`` and the two adjunct recovery programs of ``design reconstitution,`` and ``material condition and aging management. The C-M model of five elements and two adjunct programs strengthen the necessary technical and administrative control to establish and maintain a consistent technical relationship among the requirements, physical configuration, and documentation. Although the DOE Standard was originally developed for the operational phase of nuclear facilities, this plan has the flexibility to be adapted and applied to all life-cycle phasesmore » of both nuclear and non-nuclear facilities. The configuration management criteria presented in this plan endorses the DOE Standard and has been tailored specifically to address the technical relationship of requirements, physical configuration, and documentation during the full life-cycle of the 101-SY Hydrogen Mitigation Test Project Mini-Data Acquisition and Control System of Tank Waste Remediation System.« less

Experimental research of flow servo-valve

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takosoglu, Jakub

Positional control of pneumatic drives is particularly important in pneumatic systems. Some methods of positioning pneumatic cylinders for changeover and tracking control are known. Choking method is the most development-oriented and has the greatest potential. An optimal and effective method, particularly when applied to pneumatic drives, has been searched for a long time. Sophisticated control systems with algorithms utilizing artificial intelligence methods are designed therefor. In order to design the control algorithm, knowledge about real parameters of servo-valves used in control systems of electro-pneumatic servo-drives is required. The paper presents the experimental research of flow servo-valve.

Principles and Practices for Quality Assurance and Quality Control

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jones, Berwyn E.

1999-01-01

Quality assurance and quality control are vital parts of highway runoff water-quality monitoring projects. To be effective, project quality assurance must address all aspects of the project, including project management responsibilities and resources, data quality objectives, sampling and analysis plans, data-collection protocols, data quality-control plans, data-assessment procedures and requirements, and project outputs. Quality control ensures that the data quality objectives are achieved as planned. The historical development and current state of the art of quality assurance and quality control concepts described in this report can be applied to evaluation of data from prior projects.

Vibration suppression of planar truss structures utilizing uniform damping control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Andersen, G. C.; Silverberg, L. M.

1986-01-01

A variety of methods has been devised for vibrational control of a structure using both passive and active controls. Presented in this paper is a relatively new method for vibration suppression, uniform damping control. This method consists of implementing a control law which tends to dampen each vibrational mode of the structure at the same desirable exponential rate. The unique aspects of this method are that the control law is not explicitly dependent on the structural stiffness, the control forces are directly proportional to the distribution of the structural mass, and the control law is natural and decentralized. The control law was applied to a flexible planar truss structure and the various aspects of implementation of the control law examined are: actuator/sensor number, placement, and the impact of the actuator/sensor number and placement on the necessary control 'power' requirements such as peak power loads, total power requirements, etc. Also examined are the effects of using a limited number of active members in terms of the vibrational performance when compared with the 'ideal' distributed control law.

A Generalized-Compliant-Motion Primitive

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Backes, Paul G.

1993-01-01

Computer program bridges gap between planning and execution of compliant robotic motions developed and installed in control system of telerobot. Called "generalized-compliant-motion primitive," one of several task-execution-primitive computer programs, which receives commands from higher-level task-planning programs and executes commands by generating required trajectories and applying appropriate control laws. Program comprises four parts corresponding to nominal motion, compliant motion, ending motion, and monitoring. Written in C language.

Orthonormal filters for identification in active control systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mayer, Dirk

2015-12-01

Many active noise and vibration control systems require models of the control paths. When the controlled system changes slightly over time, adaptive digital filters for the identification of the models are useful. This paper aims at the investigation of a special class of adaptive digital filters: orthonormal filter banks possess the robust and simple adaptation of the widely applied finite impulse response (FIR) filters, but at a lower model order, which is important when considering implementation on embedded systems. However, the filter banks require prior knowledge about the resonance frequencies and damping of the structure. This knowledge can be supposed to be of limited precision, since in many practical systems, uncertainties in the structural parameters exist. In this work, a procedure using a number of training systems to find the fixed parameters for the filter banks is applied. The effect of uncertainties in the prior knowledge on the model error is examined both with a basic example and in an experiment. Furthermore, the possibilities to compensate for the imprecise prior knowledge by a higher filter order are investigated. Also comparisons with FIR filters are implemented in order to assess the possible advantages of the orthonormal filter banks. Numerical and experimental investigations show that significantly lower computational effort can be reached by the filter banks under certain conditions.

Determination of domain wall chirality using in situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy

DOE PAGES

Chess, Jordan J.; Montoya, Sergio A.; Fullerton, Eric E.; ...

2017-02-23

Controlling domain wall chirality is increasingly seen in non-centrosymmetric materials. Mapping chiral magnetic domains requires knowledge about all the vector components of the magnetization, which poses a problem for conventional Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM) that is only sensitive to magnetic fields perpendicular to the electron beams direction of travel. The standard approach in LTEM for determining the third component of the magnetization is to tilt the sample to some angle and record a second image. Furthermore, this presents a problem for any domain structures that are stabilized by an applied external magnetic field (e.g. skyrmions), because the standard LTEMmore » setup does not allow independent control of the angle of an applied magnetic field, and sample tilt angle. Here we show that applying a modified transport of intensity equation analysis to LTEM images collected during an applied field sweep, we can determine the domain wall chirality of labyrinth domains in a perpendicularly magnetized material, avoiding the need to tilt the sample.« less

Determination of domain wall chirality using in situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chess, Jordan J.; Montoya, Sergio A.; Fullerton, Eric E.

Controlling domain wall chirality is increasingly seen in non-centrosymmetric materials. Mapping chiral magnetic domains requires knowledge about all the vector components of the magnetization, which poses a problem for conventional Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM) that is only sensitive to magnetic fields perpendicular to the electron beams direction of travel. The standard approach in LTEM for determining the third component of the magnetization is to tilt the sample to some angle and record a second image. Furthermore, this presents a problem for any domain structures that are stabilized by an applied external magnetic field (e.g. skyrmions), because the standard LTEMmore » setup does not allow independent control of the angle of an applied magnetic field, and sample tilt angle. Here we show that applying a modified transport of intensity equation analysis to LTEM images collected during an applied field sweep, we can determine the domain wall chirality of labyrinth domains in a perpendicularly magnetized material, avoiding the need to tilt the sample.« less

Reversible superconductor-insulator transition in LiTi2O4 induced by Li-ion electrochemical reaction

PubMed Central

Yoshimatsu, K.; Niwa, M.; Mashiko, H.; Oshima, T.; Ohtomo, A.

2015-01-01

Transition metal oxides display various electronic and magnetic phases such as high-temperature superconductivity. Controlling such exotic properties by applying an external field is one of the biggest continuous challenges in condensed matter physics. Here, we demonstrate clear superconductor-insulator transition of LiTi2O4 films induced by Li-ion electrochemical reaction. A compact electrochemical cell of pseudo-Li-ion battery structure is formed with a superconducting LiTi2O4 film as an anode. Li content in the film is controlled by applying a constant redox voltage. An insulating state is achieved by Li-ion intercalation to the superconducting film by applying reduction potential. In contrast, the superconducting state is reproduced by applying oxidation potential to the Li-ion intercalated film. Moreover, superconducting transition temperature is also recovered after a number of cycles of Li-ion electrochemical reactions. This complete reversible transition originates in difference in potentials required for deintercalation of initially contained and electrochemically intercalated Li+ ions. PMID:26541508

Reversible superconductor-insulator transition in LiTi2O4 induced by Li-ion electrochemical reaction.

PubMed

Yoshimatsu, K; Niwa, M; Mashiko, H; Oshima, T; Ohtomo, A

2015-11-06

Transition metal oxides display various electronic and magnetic phases such as high-temperature superconductivity. Controlling such exotic properties by applying an external field is one of the biggest continuous challenges in condensed matter physics. Here, we demonstrate clear superconductor-insulator transition of LiTi2O4 films induced by Li-ion electrochemical reaction. A compact electrochemical cell of pseudo-Li-ion battery structure is formed with a superconducting LiTi2O4 film as an anode. Li content in the film is controlled by applying a constant redox voltage. An insulating state is achieved by Li-ion intercalation to the superconducting film by applying reduction potential. In contrast, the superconducting state is reproduced by applying oxidation potential to the Li-ion intercalated film. Moreover, superconducting transition temperature is also recovered after a number of cycles of Li-ion electrochemical reactions. This complete reversible transition originates in difference in potentials required for deintercalation of initially contained and electrochemically intercalated Li(+) ions.

Indiana Air Pollution Control Board Approves a Modification on a PSD Permit for General Motors in which Two Coal-Fired Boilers are Forgiven a SO2 Control Requirement

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This document may be of assistance in applying the New Source Review (NSR) air permitting regulations including the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) requirements. This document is part of the NSR Policy and Guidance Database. Some documents in the database are a scanned or retyped version of a paper photocopy of the original. Although we have taken considerable effort to quality assure the documents, some may contain typographical errors. Contact the office that issued the document if you need a copy of the original.

Impact of toroidal and poloidal mode spectra on the control of non-axisymmetric fields in tokamaks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lanctot, Matthew J.

2016-10-01

In several tokamaks, non-axisymmetric magnetic field studies show applied n=2 fields can lead to disruptive n=1 locked modes, suggesting nonlinear mode coupling. A multimode plasma response to n=2 fields can be observed in H-mode plasmas, in contrast to the single-mode response found in Ohmic plasmas. These effects highlight a role for n >1 error field correction in disruption avoidance, and identify additional degrees of freedom for 3D field optimization at high plasma pressure. In COMPASS, EAST, and DIII-D Ohmic plasmas, n=2 magnetic reconnection thresholds in otherwise stable discharges are readily accessed at edge safety factors q 3 and low density. Similar to previous studies, the thresholds are correlated with the ``overlap'' field for the dominant linear ideal MHD plasma mode calculated with the IPEC code. The overlap field measures the plasma-mediated coupling of the external field to the resonant field. Remarkably, the critical overlap fields are similar for n=1 and 2 fields with m >nq fields dominating the drive for resonant fields. Complementary experiments in RFX-Mod show fields with m 1 control, including the need for multiple rows of coils to control selected plasma parameters for specific functions (e.g., rotation control or ELM suppression). Optimal multi-harmonic (n=1 and n=2) error field control may be achieved using control algorithms that continuously respond to time-varying 3D field sources and plasma parameters. Supported by the US DOE under DE-FC02-04ER54698.

Comparison on welding mode characteristics of arc heat source for heat input control in hybrid welding of aluminum alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Song, Moo-Keun; Kim, Jong-Do; Oh, Jae-Hwan

2015-03-01

Presently in shipbuilding, transportation and aerospace industries, the potential to apply welding using laser and laser-arc hybrid heat sources is widely under research. This study has the purpose of comparing the weldability depending on the arc mode by varying the welding modes of arc heat sources in applying laser-arc hybrid welding to aluminum alloy and of implementing efficient hybrid welding while controlling heat input. In the experimental study, we found that hybrid welding using CMT mode produced deeper penetration and sounder bead surface than those characteristics produced during only laser welding, with less heat input compared to that required in pulsed arc mode.

Experiment definition phase shuttle laboratory LDRL-10.6 experiment. [applying optical communication

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

The 10.6 microns laser data relay link (LDRL 10.6) program was directed to applying optical communications to NASA's wideband data transmission requirements through the 1980's. The LDRL consists of a transmitter on one or more low earth orbit satellites with an elliptical orbit satellite receivers. Topics discussed include: update of the LDRL design control table to detail the transmitter optical chain losses and to incorporate the change to a reflective beam pre-expander; continued examination of the link establishment sequence, including its dependence upon spacecraft stability; design of the transmitter pointing and tracking control system; and finalization of the transmitter brassboard optical and mechanical design.

Research on a dynamic workflow access control model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yiliang; Deng, Jinxia

2007-12-01

In recent years, the access control technology has been researched widely in workflow system, two typical technologies of that are RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) and TBAC (Task-Based Access Control) model, which has been successfully used in the role authorizing and assigning in a certain extent. However, during the process of complicating a system's structure, these two types of technology can not be used in minimizing privileges and separating duties, and they are inapplicable when users have a request of frequently changing on the workflow's process. In order to avoid having these weakness during the applying, a variable flow dynamic role_task_view (briefly as DRTVBAC) of fine-grained access control model is constructed on the basis existed model. During the process of this model applying, an algorithm is constructed to solve users' requirements of application and security needs on fine-grained principle of privileges minimum and principle of dynamic separation of duties. The DRTVBAC model is implemented in the actual system, the figure shows that the task associated with the dynamic management of role and the role assignment is more flexible on authority and recovery, it can be met the principle of least privilege on the role implement of a specific task permission activated; separated the authority from the process of the duties completing in the workflow; prevented sensitive information discovering from concise and dynamic view interface; satisfied with the requirement of the variable task-flow frequently.

Boronization on NSTX using Deuterated Trimethylboron

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

W.R. Blanchard; R.C. Gernhardt; H.W. Kugel

2002-01-28

Boronization on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) has proved to be quite beneficial with increases in confinement and density, and decreases in impurities observed in the plasma. The boron has been applied to the interior surfaces of NSTX, about every 2 to 3 weeks of plasma operation, by producing a glow discharge in the vacuum vessel using deuterated trimethylboron (TMB) in a 10% mixture with helium. Special NSTX requirements restricted the selection of the candidate boronization method to the use of deuterated boron compounds. Deuterated TMB met these requirements, but is a hazardous gas and special care in themore » execution of the boronization process is required. This paper describes the existing GDC, Gas Injection, and Torus Vacuum Pumping System hardware used for this process, the glow discharge process, and the automated control system that allows for remote operation to maximize both the safety and efficacy of applying the boron coating. The administrative requirements and the detailed procedure for the setup, operation and shutdown of the process are also described.« less

Advanced Non-Linear Control Algorithms Applied to Design Highly Maneuverable Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs)

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-08-01

An increasing variety of sensors are becoming available for use onboard autonomous vehicles . Given these enhanced sensing capabilities, scientific...and military personnel are interested in exploiting autonomous vehicles for increasingly complex missions. Most of these missions require the vehicle to

Apply Pesticides Correctly: A Guide for Commercial Applicators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

This document provides practical information needed by commercial pesticide applicators to meet the minimum Federal regulation requirements for the use of various pesticides. The text and accompanying illustrations cover the seven major topics of pests, pest control, pesticides, labels and labeling, using pesticides safely, application equipment,…

40 CFR 60.59b - Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... monitor mercury or dioxin/furan instead of conducting performance testing using EPA manual test methods, all integrated 24-hour mercury concentrations or all integrated 2-week dioxin/furan concentrations as... actions taken. (4) For affected facilities that apply activated carbon for mercury or dioxin/furan control...

22 CFR 126.10 - Disclosure of information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Department of State. The provisions of subchapter R apply to such disclosures by the Directorate of Defense... and quantities of defense articles for which licenses are issued under this section shall not be... contrary to the national interest. Registration with the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls is required...

40 CFR 721.1907 - Butanamide, 2,2′-[3′dichloro[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diyl)bisazobis N-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT... as a colorant for dyeing plastics, this section does not apply. (b) Specific requirements. The...

40 CFR 721.1907 - Butanamide, 2,2′-[3′dichloro[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diyl)bisazobis N-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT... as a colorant for dyeing plastics, this section does not apply. (b) Specific requirements. The...

22 CFR 126.10 - Disclosure of information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Department of State. The provisions of subchapter R apply to such disclosures by the Directorate of Defense... and quantities of defense articles for which licenses are issued under this section shall not be... contrary to the national interest. Registration with the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls is required...

22 CFR 126.10 - Disclosure of information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Department of State. The provisions of subchapter R apply to such disclosures by the Directorate of Defense... and quantities of defense articles for which licenses are issued under this section shall not be... contrary to the national interest. Registration with the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls is required...

22 CFR 126.10 - Disclosure of information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Department of State. The provisions of subchapter R apply to such disclosures by the Directorate of Defense... and quantities of defense articles for which licenses are issued under this section shall not be... contrary to the national interest. Registration with the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls is required...

SCADA OPERATOR TRAINING TOOL APPLIED TO THE CENTRAL ARIZONA IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE DISTRICT

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Many irrigation districts use Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) software to manage their canal systems. Whether homegrown or commercial, these programs require a significant amount of training for new operators. While some SCADA operators are hired with extensive field experience, o...

76 FR 65534 - Notice of Lodging of Modification of Consent Decree Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-21

...) of RCRA, 42 U.S.C. 6925(a); and applicable Arkansas Pollution Control and Ecology Commission... $1,350,000. The Consent Decree also requires Rineco to apply for a RCRA permit for the TMW and its...

Tower Based Load Measurements for Individual Pitch Control and Tower Damping of Wind Turbines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, A. A.; Hugues-Salas, O.; Savini, B.; Keogh, W.

2016-09-01

The cost of IPC has hindered adoption outside of Europe despite significant loading advantages for large wind turbines. In this work we presented a method for applying individual pitch control (including for higher-harmonics) using tower-top strain gauge feedback instead of blade-root strain gauge feedback. Tower-top strain gauges offer hardware savings of approximately 50% in addition to the possibility of easier access for maintenance and installation and requiring a less specialised skill-set than that required for applying strain gauges to composite blade roots. A further advantage is the possibility of using the same tower-top sensor array for tower damping control. This method is made possible by including a second order IPC loop in addition to the tower damping loop to reduce the typically dominating 3P content in tower-top load measurements. High-fidelity Bladed simulations show that the resulting turbine spectral characteristics from tower-top feedback IPC and from the combination of tower-top IPC and damping loops largely match those of blade-root feedback IPC and nacelle- velocity feedback damping. Lifetime weighted fatigue analysis shows that the methods allows load reductions within 2.5% of traditional methods.

Active Flow Control at Low Reynolds Numbers on a NACA 0015 Airfoil

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Melton, LaTunia Pack; Hannon, Judith; Yao, Chung-Sheng; Harris, Jerome

2008-01-01

Results from a low Reynolds number wind tunnel experiment on a NACA 0015 airfoil with a 30% chord trailing edge flap tested at deflection angles of 0, 20, and 40 are presented and discussed. Zero net mass flux periodic excitation was applied at the ap shoulder to control flow separation for flap deflections larger than 0. The primary objective of the experiment was to compare force and moment data obtained from integrating surface pressures to data obtained from a 5-component strain-gage balance in preparation for additional three-dimensional testing of the model. To achieve this objective, active flow control is applied at an angle of attack of 6 where published results indicate that oscillatory momentum coefficients exceeding 1% are required to delay separation. Periodic excitation with an oscillatory momentum coefficient of 1.5% and a reduced frequency of 0.71 caused a significant delay of separation on the airfoil with a flap deflection of 20. Higher momentum coefficients at the same reduced frequency were required to achieve a similar level of flow attachment on the airfoil with a flap deflection of 40. There was a favorable comparison between the balance and integrated pressure force and moment results.

In vitro conjunctival incision repair by temperature-controlled laser soldering.

PubMed

Norman, Galia; Rabi, Yaron; Assia, Ehud; Katzir, Abraham

2009-01-01

The common method of closing conjunctival incisions is by suturing, which is associated with several disadvantages. It requires skill to apply and does not always provide a watertight closure, which is required in some operations (e.g., glaucoma filtration). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate laser soldering as an alternative method for closing conjunctival incisions. Conjunctival incisions of 20 ex vivo porcine eyes were laser soldered using a temperature-controlled fiberoptic laser system and an albumin mixed with indocyanine green as a solder. The control group consisted of five repaired incisions by a 10-0 nylon running suture. The leak pressure of the repaired incisions was measured. The mean leak pressure in the laser-soldered group was 132 mm Hg compared to 4 mm Hg in the sutured group. There was no statistically significant difference in both the incision's length and distance from the limbus between the groups, before and after the procedure, indicating that there was no severe thermal damage. These preliminary results clearly demonstrate that laser soldering may be a useful method for achieving an immediate watertight conjunctival wound closure. This procedure is faster and easier to apply than suturing.

Adaptive management of rangeland systems

USGS Publications Warehouse

Allen, Craig R.; Angeler, David G.; Fontaine, Joseph J.; Garmestani, Ahjond S.; Hart, Noelle M.; Pope, Kevin L.; Twidwell, Dirac

2017-01-01

Adaptive management is an approach to natural resource management that uses structured learning to reduce uncertainties for the improvement of management over time. The origins of adaptive management are linked to ideas of resilience theory and complex systems. Rangeland management is particularly well suited for the application of adaptive management, having sufficient controllability and reducible uncertainties. Adaptive management applies the tools of structured decision making and requires monitoring, evaluation, and adjustment of management. Adaptive governance, involving sharing of power and knowledge among relevant stakeholders, is often required to address conflict situations. Natural resource laws and regulations can present a barrier to adaptive management when requirements for legal certainty are met with environmental uncertainty. However, adaptive management is possible, as illustrated by two cases presented in this chapter. Despite challenges and limitations, when applied appropriately adaptive management leads to improved management through structured learning, and rangeland management is an area in which adaptive management shows promise and should be further explored.

Analysis of the control structures for an integrated ethanol processor for proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Biset, S.; Nieto Deglioumini, L.; Basualdo, M.; Garcia, V. M.; Serra, M.

The aim of this work is to investigate which would be a good preliminary plantwide control structure for the process of Hydrogen production from bioethanol to be used in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) accounting only steady-state information. The objective is to keep the process under optimal operation point, that is doing energy integration to achieve the maximum efficiency. Ethanol, produced from renewable feedstocks, feeds a fuel processor investigated for steam reforming, followed by high- and low-temperature shift reactors and preferential oxidation, which are coupled to a polymeric fuel cell. Applying steady-state simulation techniques and using thermodynamic models the performance of the complete system with two different control structures have been evaluated for the most typical perturbations. A sensitivity analysis for the key process variables together with the rigorous operability requirements for the fuel cell are taking into account for defining acceptable plantwide control structure. This is the first work showing an alternative control structure applied to this kind of process.

Applying MDA to SDR for Space to Model Real-time Issues

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blaser, Tammy M.

2007-01-01

NASA space communications systems have the challenge of designing SDRs with highly-constrained Size, Weight and Power (SWaP) resources. A study is being conducted to assess the effectiveness of applying the MDA Platform-Independent Model (PIM) and one or more Platform-Specific Models (PSM) specifically to address NASA space domain real-time issues. This paper will summarize our experiences with applying MDA to SDR for Space to model real-time issues. Real-time issues to be examined, measured, and analyzed are: meeting waveform timing requirements and efficiently applying Real-time Operating System (RTOS) scheduling algorithms, applying safety control measures, and SWaP verification. Real-time waveform algorithms benchmarked with the worst case environment conditions under the heaviest workload will drive the SDR for Space real-time PSM design.

Driver electronics design and control for a total artificial heart linear motor.

PubMed

Unthan, Kristin; Cuenca-Navalon, Elena; Pelletier, Benedikt; Finocchiaro, Thomas; Steinseifer, Ulrich

2018-01-27

For any implantable device size and efficiency are critical properties. Thus, a linear motor for a Total Artificial Heart was optimized with focus on driver electronics and control strategies. Hardware requirements were defined from power supply and motor setup. Four full bridges were chosen for the power electronics. Shunt resistors were set up for current measurement. Unipolar and bipolar switching for power electronics control were compared regarding current ripple and power losses. Here, unipolar switching showed smaller current ripple and required less power to create the necessary motor forces. Based on calculations for minimal power losses Lorentz force was distributed to the actor's four coils. The distribution was determined as ratio of effective magnetic flux through each coil, which was captured by a force test rig. Static and dynamic measurements under physiological conditions analyzed interaction of control and hardware and all efficiencies were over 89%. In conclusion, the designed electronics, optimized control strategy and applied current distribution create the required motor force and perform optimal under physiological conditions. The developed driver electronics and control offer optimized size and efficiency for any implantable or portable device with multiple independent motor coils. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.

Optimal control theory (OWEM) applied to a helicopter in the hover and approach phase

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Born, G. J.; Kai, T.

1975-01-01

A major difficulty in the practical application of linear-quadratic regulator theory is how to choose the weighting matrices in quadratic cost functions. The control system design with optimal weighting matrices was applied to a helicopter in the hover and approach phase. The weighting matrices were calculated to extremize the closed loop total system damping subject to constraints on the determinants. The extremization is really a minimization of the effects of disturbances, and interpreted as a compromise between the generalized system accuracy and the generalized system response speed. The trade-off between the accuracy and the response speed is adjusted by a single parameter, the ratio of determinants. By this approach an objective measure can be obtained for the design of a control system. The measure is to be determined by the system requirements.

Cryogenic propellant thermal control system design considerations, analyses, and concepts applied to a Mars human exploration mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Plachta, David W.; Tucker, Stephen; Hoffman, David J.

1993-01-01

This paper analyzes, defines, and sizes cryogenic storage thermal control systems that meet the requirements of future NASA Mars human exploration missions. The design issues of this system include the projection of the existing Multilayer Insulation data base for cryogenic storage to much thicker (10 cm or more) insulation systems, the unknown heat leak from mechanical interfaces, and the thermal and structural performance effects of the large tank sizes required for a Mars mission. Acknowledging these unknown effects, heat loss projections are made based on extrapolation of the existing data base. The results indicate that hydrogen, methane, and oxygen are feasible propellants, and that the best suited thermal control sytems are 'thick' MLI, thermodynamic vent sytems, cryocoolers, and vacuum jackets.

Total reduction of distorted echelle spectrograms - An automatic procedure. [for computer controlled microdensitometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peterson, R. C.; Title, A. M.

1975-01-01

A total reduction procedure, notable for its use of a computer-controlled microdensitometer for semi-automatically tracing curved spectra, is applied to distorted high-dispersion echelle spectra recorded by an image tube. Microdensitometer specifications are presented and the FORTRAN, TRACEN and SPOTS programs are outlined. The intensity spectrum of the photographic or electrographic plate is plotted on a graphic display. The time requirements are discussed in detail.

Problems in determining the return of a watershed to pretreatment conditions: techniques applied to a study at Caspar Creek, California

Treesearch

Robert B. Thomas

1990-01-01

Using a previously treated basin as a control in subsequent paired watershed studies requires the control to be stable. Basin stability can be assessed in many ways, some of which are investigated for the South Fork of Caspar Creek in northern California. This basin is recovering from logging and road building in the early 1970s. Three storm-based discharge...

Time and materials needed to survey, inject systemic fungicides, and install root-graft barriers for Dutch elm disease management

Treesearch

William N., Jr. Cannon; Jack H. Barger; Charles J. Kostichka; Charles J. Kostichka

1986-01-01

Dutch elm disease control practice in 15 communities showed a wide range of time and material required to apply control methods. The median time used for each method was: sanitation survey, 9.8 hours per square mile; symptom survey, 96 hours per thousand elms; systemic fungicide injection, 1.4 hours per elm; and root-graft barrier installation, 2.2 hours per barrier (5...

Propulsion/airframe integration issues for waverider aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blankson, Isaiah M.; Hagseth, Paul

1993-01-01

While many propulsion concepts and technologies developed for nonwaverider-type hypersonic vehicles may apply to waveriders, some aspects of these configurations require unique technological approaches. An evaluation is made of such distinctive opportunities in the cases of engine cycle selection, inlets, nozzle designs and integration, longitudinal stability, and thermal management. Also discussed are waverider requirements for control surface effectiveness, inlet boundary layer ingestion effects, and structural/configurational optimization, giving attention to trades in volumetric/structural efficiency and vehicle L/D.

29 CFR 1918.64 - Powered conveyors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the brakes cannot be released until power is applied and the brakes are automatically engaged if the... provided for use in an emergency. Whenever the operation of any power conveyor requires personnel to work... the trimmer. (e) Grain trimmer power cable. Power cables between the deck control box and the grain...

78 FR 54633 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-05

... Child Development Program (CDP); DD 2652, DD 2606; OMB Control Number 0704- TBD. Needs and Uses: The... Respondent: 1. Average Burden per Response: 10 minutes. Frequency: On occasion. The information from the DD... projection of future program requirements. The information in DD 2652 is used to apply child care fee...

Quantitative trait loci controlling aluminum tolerance in soybean: candidate gene and SNP marker discovery

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is an important abiotic stress that affects soybean production in acidic soils. Development of Al-tolerant cultivars is an efficient and environmentally friendly solution to the problem. Effective selection of Al-tolerant genotypes in applied breeding requires an understanding...

14 CFR 25.145 - Longitudinal control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... complete retraction of the high lift devices from any position is begun during steady, straight, level... retractions of the high-lift devices from any position from the maximum landing position to the first gated... requirements of paragraph (c) of this section also apply to retractions from each approved landing position to...

14 CFR 25.145 - Longitudinal control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... complete retraction of the high lift devices from any position is begun during steady, straight, level... retractions of the high-lift devices from any position from the maximum landing position to the first gated... requirements of paragraph (c) of this section also apply to retractions from each approved landing position to...

Clearing the Air: Applied Linguistic Perspectives on Aviation Communication

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Read, John; Knoch, Ute

2009-01-01

As a result of investigations showing that communication problems can be a significant contributing factor to major aviation accidents, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has established a set of Language Proficiency Requirements. All pilots and air traffic controllers engaged in international aviation must be certified by their…

40 CFR 721.1612 - Substituted 2-nitro- and 2-aminobenzesulfonamide.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT SIGNIFICANT NEW USES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Significant New Uses for... statements shall appear on each label and MSDS required by this paragraph: This substance may be toxic to terrestrial organisms and plants. Notice to user: Release to water restrictions apply. (ii) Disposal...

40 CFR 721.1612 - Substituted 2-nitro- and 2-aminobenzesulfonamide.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT SIGNIFICANT NEW USES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Significant New Uses for... statements shall appear on each label and MSDS required by this paragraph: This substance may be toxic to terrestrial organisms and plants. Notice to user: Release to water restrictions apply. (ii) Disposal...

40 CFR 721.1612 - Substituted 2-nitro- and 2-aminobenzesulfonamide.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT SIGNIFICANT NEW USES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Significant New Uses for... statements shall appear on each label and MSDS required by this paragraph: This substance may be toxic to terrestrial organisms and plants. Notice to user: Release to water restrictions apply. (ii) Disposal...

40 CFR 721.1612 - Substituted 2-nitro- and 2-aminobenzesulfonamide.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT SIGNIFICANT NEW USES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Significant New Uses for... statements shall appear on each label and MSDS required by this paragraph: This substance may be toxic to terrestrial organisms and plants. Notice to user: Release to water restrictions apply. (ii) Disposal...

40 CFR 721.1612 - Substituted 2-nitro- and 2-aminobenzesulfonamide.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT SIGNIFICANT NEW USES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Significant New Uses for... statements shall appear on each label and MSDS required by this paragraph: This substance may be toxic to terrestrial organisms and plants. Notice to user: Release to water restrictions apply. (ii) Disposal...

5 CFR 1320.4 - Coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Coverage. 1320.4 Section 1320.4 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OMB DIRECTIVES CONTROLLING PAPERWORK BURDENS ON THE PUBLIC § 1320.4 Coverage. (a) The requirements of this part apply to all agencies as defined in § 1320.3...

30 CFR 57.4430 - Surface storage facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Surface storage facilities. 57.4430 Section 57... and Control Flammable and Combustible Liquids and Gases § 57.4430 Surface storage facilities. The requirements of this standard apply to surface areas only. (a) Storage tanks for flammable or combustible...

30 CFR 57.4430 - Surface storage facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Surface storage facilities. 57.4430 Section 57... and Control Flammable and Combustible Liquids and Gases § 57.4430 Surface storage facilities. The requirements of this standard apply to surface areas only. (a) Storage tanks for flammable or combustible...

40 CFR 1027.101 - To whom do these requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... POLLUTION CONTROLS FEES FOR ENGINE, VEHICLE, AND EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS § 1027.101 To whom do these..., vehicle, and equipment compliance program (EVECP). This includes activities related to approving... products: (1) Motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines we regulate under 40 CFR part 86. This includes...

40 CFR 63.55 - Maximum achievable control technology (MACT) determinations for affected sources subject to case...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (MACT) determinations for affected sources subject to case-by-case determination of equivalent emission... sources subject to case-by-case determination of equivalent emission limitations. (a) Requirements for... hazardous air pollutant emissions limitations equivalent to the limitations that would apply if an emission...

30 CFR 14.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... MINING PRODUCTS REQUIREMENTS FOR THE APPROVAL OF FLAME-RESISTANT CONVEYOR BELTS General Provisions § 14.2... manufactures or controls the production of a conveyor belt and applies to MSHA for approval of conveyor belt... conveyor belt as approved. Extension of approval. A document issued by MSHA, which states that a change to...

5 CFR 1320.4 - Coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Coverage. 1320.4 Section 1320.4 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OMB DIRECTIVES CONTROLLING PAPERWORK BURDENS ON THE PUBLIC § 1320.4 Coverage. (a) The requirements of this part apply to all agencies as defined in § 1320.3...

5 CFR 1320.4 - Coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Coverage. 1320.4 Section 1320.4 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OMB DIRECTIVES CONTROLLING PAPERWORK BURDENS ON THE PUBLIC § 1320.4 Coverage. (a) The requirements of this part apply to all agencies as defined in § 1320.3...

5 CFR 1320.4 - Coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Coverage. 1320.4 Section 1320.4 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OMB DIRECTIVES CONTROLLING PAPERWORK BURDENS ON THE PUBLIC § 1320.4 Coverage. (a) The requirements of this part apply to all agencies as defined in § 1320.3...

5 CFR 1320.4 - Coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Coverage. 1320.4 Section 1320.4 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OMB DIRECTIVES CONTROLLING PAPERWORK BURDENS ON THE PUBLIC § 1320.4 Coverage. (a) The requirements of this part apply to all agencies as defined in § 1320.3...

40 CFR 180.930 - Inert ingredients applied to animals; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... di- and monohydrogen phosphate esters and the corresponding ammonium, calcium, magnesium, monoethanolamine, potassium, sodium and zinc salts of the phosphate esters; minimum oxyethylene content averages 2..., density control agent Benzoic acid Preservative for formulations 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol (CAS Reg...

40 CFR 180.930 - Inert ingredients applied to animals; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... without polyoxypropylene, mixture of di- and monohydrogen phosphate esters and the corresponding ammonium, calcium, magnesium, monoethanolamine, potassium, sodium and zinc salts of the phosphate esters; minimum..., density control agent Benzoic acid Preservative for formulations 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol (CAS Reg...

30 CFR 903.700 - Arizona Federal program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... operations in Arizona conducted on non-Federal and non-Indian lands. To the extent required by 30 CFR part 740, this part also applies to surface coal mining and reclamation operations on Federal lands in... that the rules in this chapter establish more stringent environmental or land use controls: (1) The...

30 CFR 903.700 - Arizona Federal program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... operations in Arizona conducted on non-Federal and non-Indian lands. To the extent required by 30 CFR part 740, this part also applies to surface coal mining and reclamation operations on Federal lands in... that the rules in this chapter establish more stringent environmental or land use controls: (1) The...

30 CFR 903.700 - Arizona Federal program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... operations in Arizona conducted on non-Federal and non-Indian lands. To the extent required by 30 CFR part 740, this part also applies to surface coal mining and reclamation operations on Federal lands in... that the rules in this chapter establish more stringent environmental or land use controls: (1) The...

30 CFR 903.700 - Arizona Federal program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... operations in Arizona conducted on non-Federal and non-Indian lands. To the extent required by 30 CFR part 740, this part also applies to surface coal mining and reclamation operations on Federal lands in... that the rules in this chapter establish more stringent environmental or land use controls: (1) The...

75 FR 38611 - Child Support Enforcement Program; Intergovernmental Child Support

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-02

...This rule revises Federal requirements for establishing and enforcing intergovernmental support obligations in Child Support Enforcement (IV-D) program cases receiving services under title IV-D of the Social Security Act (the Act). This final rule revises previous interstate requirements to apply to case processing in all intergovernmental cases; requires the responding State IV-D agency to pay the cost of genetic testing; clarifies responsibility for determining in which State tribunal a controlling order determination is made where multiple support orders exist; recognizes and incorporates electronic communication advancements; and makes conforming changes to the Federal substantial compliance audit and State self-assessment requirements.

Relationship Between Magnitude of Applied Spin Recovery Moment and Ensuing Number of Recovery Turns

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anglin, Ernie L.

1967-01-01

An analytical study has been made to investigate the relationship between the magnitude of the applied spin recovery moment and the ensuing number of turns made during recovery from a developed spin with a view toward determining how to interpolate or extrapolate spin recovery results with regard to determining the amount of control required for a satisfactory recovery. Five configurations were used which are considered to be representative of modern airplanes: a delta-wing fighter, a stub-wing research vehicle, a boostglide configuration, a supersonic trainer, and a sweptback-wing fighter. The results obtained indicate that there is a direct relationship between the magnitude of the applied spin recovery moments and the ensuing number of recovery turns made and that this relationship can be expressed in either simple multiplicative or exponential form. Either type of relationship was adequate for interpolating or extrapolating to predict turns required for recovery with satisfactory accuracy for configurations having relatively steady recovery motions. Any two recoveries from the same developed spin condition can be used as a basis for the predicted results provided these recoveries are obtained with the same ratio of recovery control deflections. No such predictive method can be expected to give satisfactory results for oscillatory recoveries.

Vibration control of a ship engine system using high-load magnetorheological mounts associated with a new indirect fuzzy sliding mode controller

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Phu, Do Xuan; Choi, Seung-Bok

2015-02-01

In this work, a new high-load magnetorheological (MR) fluid mount system is devised and applied to control vibration in a ship engine. In the investigation of vibration-control performance, a new modified indirect fuzzy sliding mode controller is formulated and realized. The design of the proposed MR mount is based on the flow mode of MR fluid, and it includes two separated coils for generating a magnetic field. An optimization process is carried out to achieve maximal damping force under certain design constraints, such as the allowable height of the mount. As an actuating smart fluid, a new plate-like iron-particle-based MR fluid is used, instead of the conventional spherical iron-particle-based MR fluid. After evaluating the field-dependent yield stress of the MR fluid, the field-dependent damping force required to control unwanted vibration in the ship engine is determined. Subsequently, an appropriate-sized MR mount is manufactured and its damping characteristics are evaluated. After confirming the sufficient damping force level of the manufactured MR mount, a medium-sized ship engine mount system consisting of eight MR mounts is established, and its dynamic governing equations are derived. A new modified indirect fuzzy sliding mode controller is then formulated and applied to the engine mount system. The displacement and velocity responses show that the unwanted vibrations of the ship engine system can be effectively controlled in both the axial and radial directions by applying the proposed control methodology.

Development of a spreadsheet for SNPs typing using Microsoft EXCEL.

PubMed

Hashiyada, Masaki; Itakura, Yukio; Takahashi, Shirushi; Sakai, Jun; Funayama, Masato

2009-04-01

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have some characteristics that make them very appropriate for forensic studies and applications. In our institute, SNPs typings were performed by the TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays using the ABI PRISM 7500 FAST Real-Time PCR System (AppliedBiosystems) and Sequence Detection Software ver.1.4 (AppliedBiosystem). The TaqMan method was desired two positive control (Allele1 and 2) and one negative control to analyze each SNP locus. Therefore, it can be analyzed up to 24 loci of a person on a 96-well-plate at the same time. If SNPs analysis is expected to apply to biometrics authentication, 48 and over loci are required to identify a person. In this study, we designed a spreadsheet package using Microsoft EXCEL, and population data were used from our 120 SNPs population studies. On the spreadsheet, we defined SNP types using 'template files' instead of positive and negative controls. "Template files" consisted of the results of 94 unknown samples and two negative controls of each of 120 SNPs loci we had previously studied. By the use of the files, the spreadsheet could analyze 96 SNPs on a 96-wells-plate simultaneously.

Tailored Excitation for Frequency Response Measurement Applied to the X-43A Flight Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baumann, Ethan

2007-01-01

An important aspect of any flight research project is assessing aircraft stability and flight control performance. In some programs this assessment is accomplished through the estimation of the in-flight vehicle frequency response. This estimation has traditionally been a lengthy task requiring separate swept sine inputs for each control axis at a constant flight condition. Hypersonic vehicles spend little time at any specific flight condition while they are decelerating. Accordingly, it is difficult to use traditional methods to calculate the vehicle frequency response and stability margins for this class of vehicle. A technique has been previously developed to significantly reduce the duration of the excitation input by tailoring the input to excite only the frequency range of interest. Reductions in test time were achieved by simultaneously applying tailored excitation signals to multiple control loops, allowing a quick estimate of the frequency response of a particular aircraft. This report discusses the flight results obtained from applying a tailored excitation input to the X-43A longitudinal and lateral-directional control loops during the second and third flights. The frequency responses and stability margins obtained from flight data are compared with preflight predictions.

Evaluation of diamide insecticides co-applied with other agrochemicals at various times to manage Ostrinia nubilalis in processing snap bean.

PubMed

Huseth, Anders S; Groves, Russell L; Chapman, Scott A; Nault, Brian A

2015-12-01

Multiple applications of pyrethroid insecticides are used to manage European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, in snap bean, but new diamide insecticides may reduce application frequency. In a 2 year small-plot study, O. nubilalis control was evaluated by applying cyantraniliprole (diamide) and bifenthrin (pyrethroid) insecticides at one of three phenological stages (bud, bloom and pod formation) of snap bean development. Co-application of these insecticides with either herbicides or fungicides was also examined as a way to reduce the total number of sprays during a season. Cyantraniliprole applications timed either during bloom or during pod formation controlled O. nubilalis better than similar timings of bifenthrin. Co-applications of insecticides with fungicides controlled O. nubilalis as well as insecticide applications alone. Insecticides applied either alone or with herbicides during bud stage did not control this pest. Diamides are an alternative to pyrethroids for the management of O. nubilalis in snap bean. Adoption of diamides by snap bean growers could improve the efficiency of production by reducing the number of sprays required each season. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

Dual-arm manipulators with adaptive control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seraji, Homayoun (Inventor)

1991-01-01

The described and improved multi-arm invention of this application presents three strategies for adaptive control of cooperative multi-arm robots which coordinate control over a common load. In the position-position control strategy, the adaptive controllers ensure that the end-effector positions of both arms track desired trajectories in Cartesian space despite unknown time-varying interaction forces exerted through a load. In the position-hybrid control strategy, the adaptive controller of one arm controls end-effector motions in the free directions and applied forces in the constraint directions; while the adaptive controller of the other arm ensures that the end-effector tracks desired position trajectories. In the hybrid-hybrid control strategy, the adaptive controllers ensure that both end-effectors track reference position trajectories while simultaneously applying desired forces on the load. In all three control strategies, the cross-coupling effects between the arms are treated as disturbances which are compensated for by the adaptive controllers while following desired commands in a common frame of reference. The adaptive controllers do not require the complex mathematical model of the arm dynamics or any knowledge of the arm dynamic parameters or the load parameters such as mass and stiffness. Circuits in the adaptive feedback and feedforward controllers are varied by novel adaptation laws.

Method and apparatus for adaptive force and position control of manipulators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seraji, Homayoun (Inventor)

1995-01-01

The described and improved multi-arm invention of this application presents three strategies for adaptive control of cooperative multi-arm robots which coordinate control over a common load. In the position-position control strategy, the adaptive controllers ensure that the end-effector positions of both arms track desired trajectories in Cartesian space despite unknown time-varying interaction forces exerted through a load. In the position-hybrid control strategy, the adaptive controller of one arm controls end-effector motions in the free directions and applied forces in the constraint directions; while the adaptive controller of the other arm ensures that the end-effector tracks desired position trajectories. In the hybrid-hybrid control strategy, the adaptive controllers ensure that both end-effectors track reference position trajectories while simultaneously applying desired forces on the load. In all three control strategies, the cross-coupling effects between the arms are treated as disturbances which are compensated for by the adaptive controllers while following desired commands in a common frame of reference. The adaptive controllers do not require the complex mathematical model of the arm dynamics or any knowledge of the arm dynamic parameters or the load parameters such as mass and stiffness. Circuits in the adaptive feedback and feedforward controllers are varied by novel adaptation laws.

Bidirectional active control of structures with type-2 fuzzy PD and PID

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paul, Satyam; Yu, Wen; Li, Xiaoou

2018-03-01

Proportional-derivative and proportional-integral-derivative (PD/PID) controllers are popular algorithms in structure vibration control. In order to maintain minimum regulation error, the PD/PID control require big proportional and derivative gains. The control performances are not satisfied because of the big uncertainties in the buildings. In this paper, type-2 fuzzy system is applied to compensate the unknown uncertainties, and is combined with the PD/PID control. We prove the stability of these fuzzy PD and PID controllers. The sufficient conditions can be used for choosing the gains of PD/PID. The theory results are verified by a two-storey building prototype. The experimental results validate our analysis.

Modelling and identification for control of gas bearings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Theisen, Lukas R. S.; Niemann, Hans H.; Santos, Ilmar F.; Galeazzi, Roberto; Blanke, Mogens

2016-03-01

Gas bearings are popular for their high speed capabilities, low friction and clean operation, but suffer from poor damping, which poses challenges for safe operation in presence of disturbances. Feedback control can achieve enhanced damping but requires low complexity models of the dominant dynamics over its entire operating range. Models from first principles are complex and sensitive to parameter uncertainty. This paper presents an experimental technique for "in situ" identification of a low complexity model of a rotor-bearing-actuator system and demonstrates identification over relevant ranges of rotational speed and gas injection pressure. This is obtained using parameter-varying linear models that are found to capture the dominant dynamics. The approach is shown to be easily applied and to suit subsequent control design. Based on the identified models, decentralised proportional control is designed and shown to obtain the required damping in theory and in a laboratory test rig.

Dynamic optimization of ISR sensors using a risk-based reward function applied to ground and space surveillance scenarios

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

DeSena, J. T.; Martin, S. R.; Clarke, J. C.; Dutrow, D. A.; Newman, A. J.

2012-06-01

As the number and diversity of sensing assets available for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) operations continues to expand, the limited ability of human operators to effectively manage, control and exploit the ISR ensemble is exceeded, leading to reduced operational effectiveness. Automated support both in the processing of voluminous sensor data and sensor asset control can relieve the burden of human operators to support operation of larger ISR ensembles. In dynamic environments it is essential to react quickly to current information to avoid stale, sub-optimal plans. Our approach is to apply the principles of feedback control to ISR operations, "closing the loop" from the sensor collections through automated processing to ISR asset control. Previous work by the authors demonstrated non-myopic multiple platform trajectory control using a receding horizon controller in a closed feedback loop with a multiple hypothesis tracker applied to multi-target search and track simulation scenarios in the ground and space domains. This paper presents extensions in both size and scope of the previous work, demonstrating closed-loop control, involving both platform routing and sensor pointing, of a multisensor, multi-platform ISR ensemble tasked with providing situational awareness and performing search, track and classification of multiple moving ground targets in irregular warfare scenarios. The closed-loop ISR system is fullyrealized using distributed, asynchronous components that communicate over a network. The closed-loop ISR system has been exercised via a networked simulation test bed against a scenario in the Afghanistan theater implemented using high-fidelity terrain and imagery data. In addition, the system has been applied to space surveillance scenarios requiring tracking of space objects where current deliberative, manually intensive processes for managing sensor assets are insufficiently responsive. Simulation experiment results are presented. The algorithm to jointly optimize sensor schedules against search, track, and classify is based on recent work by Papageorgiou and Raykin on risk-based sensor management. It uses a risk-based objective function and attempts to minimize and balance the risks of misclassifying and losing track on an object. It supports the requirement to generate tasking for metric and feature data concurrently and synergistically, and account for both tracking accuracy and object characterization, jointly, in computing reward and cost for optimizing tasking decisions.

Gradient optimization and nonlinear control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hasdorff, L.

1976-01-01

The book represents an introduction to computation in control by an iterative, gradient, numerical method, where linearity is not assumed. The general language and approach used are those of elementary functional analysis. The particular gradient method that is emphasized and used is conjugate gradient descent, a well known method exhibiting quadratic convergence while requiring very little more computation than simple steepest descent. Constraints are not dealt with directly, but rather the approach is to introduce them as penalty terms in the criterion. General conjugate gradient descent methods are developed and applied to problems in control.

Evaluation of some significant issues affecting trajectory and control management for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hattis, Philip D.; Malchow, Harvey L.

1992-01-01

Horizontal takeoff airbreathing-propulsion launch vehicles require near-optimal guidance and control which takes into account performance sensitivities to atmospheric characteristics while satisfying physically-derived operational constraints. A generic trajectory/control analysis tool that deepens insight into these considerations has been applied to two versions of a winged-cone vehicle model. Information that is critical to the design and trajectory of these vehicles is derived, and several unusual characteristics of the airbreathing propulsion model are shown to have potentially substantial effects on vehicle dynamics.

Preliminary design study of advanced composite blade and hub and nonmechanical control system for the tilt-rotor aircraft. Volume 1: Engineering studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alexander, H. R.; Smith, K. E.; Mcveigh, M. A.; Dixon, P. G.; Mcmanus, B. L.

1979-01-01

Composite structures technology is applied in a preliminary design study of advanced technology blades and hubs for the XV-15 tilt rotor research demonstrator aircraft. Significant improvements in XV-15 hover and cruise performance are available using blades designed for compatibility with the existing aircraft, i.e., blade installation would not require modification of the airframe, hub or upper controls. Provision of a low risk nonmechanical control system was also studied, and a development specification is given.

Robust stabilization of the Space Station in the presence of inertia matrix uncertainty

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wie, Bong; Liu, Qiang; Sunkel, John

1993-01-01

This paper presents a robust H-infinity full-state feedback control synthesis method for uncertain systems with D11 not equal to 0. The method is applied to the robust stabilization problem of the Space Station in the face of inertia matrix uncertainty. The control design objective is to find a robust controller that yields the largest stable hypercube in uncertain parameter space, while satisfying the nominal performance requirements. The significance of employing an uncertain plant model with D11 not equal 0 is demonstrated.

State feedback control design for Boolean networks.

PubMed

Liu, Rongjie; Qian, Chunjiang; Liu, Shuqian; Jin, Yu-Fang

2016-08-26

Driving Boolean networks to desired states is of paramount significance toward our ultimate goal of controlling the progression of biological pathways and regulatory networks. Despite recent computational development of controllability of general complex networks and structural controllability of Boolean networks, there is still a lack of bridging the mathematical condition on controllability to real boolean operations in a network. Further, no realtime control strategy has been proposed to drive a Boolean network. In this study, we applied semi-tensor product to represent boolean functions in a network and explored controllability of a boolean network based on the transition matrix and time transition diagram. We determined the necessary and sufficient condition for a controllable Boolean network and mapped this requirement in transition matrix to real boolean functions and structure property of a network. An efficient tool is offered to assess controllability of an arbitrary Boolean network and to determine all reachable and non-reachable states. We found six simplest forms of controllable 2-node Boolean networks and explored the consistency of transition matrices while extending these six forms to controllable networks with more nodes. Importantly, we proposed the first state feedback control strategy to drive the network based on the status of all nodes in the network. Finally, we applied our reachability condition to the major switch of P53 pathway to predict the progression of the pathway and validate the prediction with published experimental results. This control strategy allowed us to apply realtime control to drive Boolean networks, which could not be achieved by the current control strategy for Boolean networks. Our results enabled a more comprehensive understanding of the evolution of Boolean networks and might be extended to output feedback control design.

[Application of chemical ecology in controlling marine fouling organisms].

PubMed

Fang, Fang; Yan, Tao; Liu, Qing

2005-10-01

Many marine organisms can produce secondary metabolites beneficial to the protection of marine environments against fouling, and thus, applying chemo-ecological methods to extract the natural antifoulants from marine organisms to resolve the problems relevant to marine fouling is a new thinking in resent years. Its aim is to search for high efficient and non-toxic antifoulants to replace the existing chemically synthetic ones which are unfortunately found to have widespread toxic effects on marine environment. Although we know few about the antifouling mechanisms of secondary metabolites, many natural products have been proved to have antifouling activity. Therefore, basic and applied researches on the ecological roles of these natural compounds, their action mechanisms, coating compatibility, controlled release, and field test are required in the future.