On a useful functional representation of control system structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Malchow, Harvey L.

1988-01-01

An alternative structure for control systems is proposed. The structure is represented by a three-element block diagram and three functional definitions. It is argued that the three functional elements form a canonical set. The set includes the functions description, estimation and control. General overlay of the structure on parallel state and nested-state control systems is discussed. Breakdown of two real nested-state control systems into the proposed functional format is displayed. Application of the process to the mapping of complex control systems R and D efforts is explained with the Mars Rover Sample and Return mission as an example. A previous application of this basic functional structure to Space Station performance requirements organization is discussed.

Stable and metastable nanowires displaying locally controllable properties

DOEpatents

Sutter, Eli Anguelova; Sutter, Peter Werner

2014-11-18

Vapor-liquid-solid growth of nanowires is tailored to achieve complex one-dimensional material geometries using phase diagrams determined for nanoscale materials. Segmented one-dimensional nanowires having constant composition display locally variable electronic band structures that are determined by the diameter of the nanowires. The unique electrical and optical properties of the segmented nanowires are exploited to form electronic and optoelectronic devices. Using gold-germanium as a model system, in situ transmission electron microscopy establishes, for nanometer-sized Au--Ge alloy drops at the tips of Ge nanowires (NWs), the parts of the phase diagram that determine their temperature-dependent equilibrium composition. The nanoscale phase diagram is then used to determine the exchange of material between the NW and the drop. The phase diagram for the nanoscale drop deviates significantly from that of the bulk alloy.

The Semiotic Structure of Geometry Diagrams: How Textbook Diagrams Convey Meaning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dimmel, Justin K.; Herbst, Patricio G.

2015-01-01

Geometry diagrams use the visual features of specific drawn objects to convey meaning about generic mathematical entities. We examine the semiotic structure of these visual features in two parts. One, we conduct a semiotic inquiry to conceptualize geometry diagrams as mathematical texts that comprise choices from different semiotic systems. Two,…

Hero's journey in bifurcation diagram

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Monteiro, L. H. A.; Mustaro, P. N.

2012-06-01

The hero's journey is a narrative structure identified by several authors in comparative studies on folklore and mythology. This storytelling template presents the stages of inner metamorphosis undergone by the protagonist after being called to an adventure. In a simplified version, this journey is divided into three acts separated by two crucial moments. Here we propose a discrete-time dynamical system for representing the protagonist's evolution. The suffering along the journey is taken as the control parameter of this system. The bifurcation diagram exhibits stationary, periodic and chaotic behaviors. In this diagram, there are transition from fixed point to chaos and transition from limit cycle to fixed point. We found that the values of the control parameter corresponding to these two transitions are in quantitative agreement with the two critical moments of the three-act hero's journey identified in 10 movies appearing in the list of the 200 worldwide highest-grossing films.

Development of structural diagram of automated dispatch control system for power consumption at non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klyuev, R. V.; Bosikov, I. I.; Madaeva, M. Z.; A-V Turluev, R.

2018-03-01

The structural scheme of the automated control system of power consumption at the industrial enterprise is developed in the article. At the non-ferrous metallurgy enterprise, an energy inspection and a rank analysis of the electrical energy consumption of the main processing equipment were carried out. It is established that the enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy are a complex process system consisting of a set of thousands of jointly functioning technological facilities. For the most effective estimation of power consumption of enterprises, it is reasonable to use the automated system of dispatching control of power consumption (ASDCPC). The paper presents the results of the development of the ASDCPC structural diagram that allows one to perform on-line control and management of the energy and process parameters of the main production units and the enterprise as a whole. As a result of the introduction of ASDCPC at the non-ferrous metallurgy enterprise, the consumed active power was reduced during the peak hours of the load by 20%, the specific electricity consumption - by 14%, the cost of the energy component in the cost of production of hard alloys - by 3%.

Sequence diagrams and the presentation of structural and evolutionary relationships among proteins.

PubMed

Thomas, B R

1975-01-01

Protein sequences mapped on two-dimensional diagrams show characteristic patterns that should be of value in visualising sequence information and in distinguishing simpler structures. A convenient map form for comparative purposes is the alpha-helix diagram with aminoacid distribution analogous to the surface of an alpha-helix oriented so that an alpha-helix structure corresponds on the diagram to a vertical band 3.6 residues wide. The sequence diagram for an alpha-keratin, high-sulphur protein suggests a new form of polypeptide helix based on a repeating unit of five which may be an important component of alpha-keratin fibres.

Research directions in large scale systems and decentralized control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tenney, R. R.

1980-01-01

Control theory provides a well established framework for dealing with automatic decision problems and a set of techniques for automatic decision making which exploit special structure, but it does not deal well with complexity. The potential exists for combining control theoretic and knowledge based concepts into a unified approach. The elements of control theory are diagrammed, including modern control and large scale systems.

Pseudohaptic interaction with knot diagrams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weng, Jianguang; Zhang, Hui

2012-07-01

To make progress in understanding knot theory, we need to interact with the projected representations of mathematical knots, which are continuous in three dimensions (3-D) but significantly interrupted in the projective images. One way to achieve such a goal is to design an interactive system that allows us to sketch two-dimensional (2-D) knot diagrams by taking advantage of a collision-sensing controller and explore their underlying smooth structures through a continuous motion. Recent advances of interaction techniques have been made that allow progress in this direction. Pseudohaptics that simulate haptic effects using pure visual feedback can be used to develop such an interactive system. We outline one such pseudohaptic knot diagram interface. Our interface derives from the familiar pencil-and-paper process of drawing 2-D knot diagrams and provides haptic-like sensations to facilitate the creation and exploration of knot diagrams. A centerpiece of the interaction model simulates a physically reactive mouse cursor, which is exploited to resolve the apparent conflict between the continuous structure of the actual smooth knot and the visual discontinuities in the knot diagram representation. Another value in exploiting pseudohaptics is that an acceleration (or deceleration) of the mouse cursor (or surface locator) can be used to indicate the slope of the curve (or surface) of which the projective image is being explored. By exploiting these additional visual cues, we proceed to a full-featured extension to a pseudohaptic four-dimensional (4-D) visualization system that simulates the continuous navigation on 4-D objects and allows us to sense the bumps and holes in the fourth dimension. Preliminary tests of the software show that main features of the interface overcome some expected perceptual limitations in our interaction with 2-D knot diagrams of 3-D knots and 3-D projective images of 4-D mathematical objects.

A binary-decision-diagram-based two-bit arithmetic logic unit on a GaAs-based regular nanowire network with hexagonal topology.

PubMed

Zhao, Hong-Quan; Kasai, Seiya; Shiratori, Yuta; Hashizume, Tamotsu

2009-06-17

A two-bit arithmetic logic unit (ALU) was successfully fabricated on a GaAs-based regular nanowire network with hexagonal topology. This fundamental building block of central processing units can be implemented on a regular nanowire network structure with simple circuit architecture based on graphical representation of logic functions using a binary decision diagram and topology control of the graph. The four-instruction ALU was designed by integrating subgraphs representing each instruction, and the circuitry was implemented by transferring the logical graph structure to a GaAs-based nanowire network formed by electron beam lithography and wet chemical etching. A path switching function was implemented in nodes by Schottky wrap gate control of nanowires. The fabricated circuit integrating 32 node devices exhibits the correct output waveforms at room temperature allowing for threshold voltage variation.

Space platform expendables resupply concept definition study. Volume 3: Work breakdown structure and work breakdown structure dictionary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

The work breakdown structure (WBS) for the Space Platform Expendables Resupply Concept Definition Study is described. The WBS consists of a list of WBS elements, a dictionary of element definitions, and an element logic diagram. The list and logic diagram identify the interrelationships of the elements. The dictionary defines the types of work that may be represented by or be classified under each specific element. The Space Platform Expendable Resupply WBS was selected mainly to support the program planning, scheduling, and costing performed in the programmatics task (task 3). The WBS is neither a statement-of-work nor a work authorization document. Rather, it is a framework around which to define requirements, plan effort, assign responsibilities, allocate and control resources, and report progress, expenditures, technical performance, and schedule performance. The WBS element definitions are independent of make-or-buy decisions, organizational structure, and activity locations unless exceptions are specifically stated.

Investigation of potential of differential absorption Lidar techniques for remote sensing of atmospheric pollutants

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Butler, C. F.; Shipley, S. T.; Allen, R. J.

1981-01-01

The NASA multipurpose differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system uses two high conversion efficiency dye lasers which are optically pumped by two frequency-doubled Nd:YAG lasers mounted rigidly on a supporting structure that also contains the transmitter, receiver, and data system. The DIAL system hardware design and data acquisition system are described. Timing diagrams, logic diagrams, and schematics, and the theory of operation of the control electronics are presented. Success in obtaining remote measurements of ozone profiles with an airborne systems is reported and results are analyzed.

General Mechanism of Morphology Transition and Spreading Area-dependent Phase Diagram of Block Copolymer Self-assembly at the Air/Water Interface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Dong Hyup; Kim, So Youn

Block copolymers (BCPs) can be self-assembled forming periodic nanostructures, which have been employed in many applications. While general agreements exist for the phase diagrams of BCP self-assembly in bulk or thin films, a fundamental understanding of BCP structures at the air/water interface still remain elusive. The current study explains morphology transition of BCPs with relative fraction of each block at the air/water interface: block fraction is the only parameter to control the morphology. In this study, we show morphology transitions from spherical to cylindrical and planar structures with neat polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) via reducing the spreading area of BCP solution at the air/water interface. For example, PS-b-P2VP in a fixed block fraction known to form only spheres can experience sphere to cylinder or lamellar transitions depending on the spreading area at the air/water interface. Suggesting a new parameter to control the interfacial assembly of BCPs, a complete phase diagram is drawn with two paramters: relative block fraction and spreading area. We also explain the morphology transition with the combinational description of dewetting mechanism and spring effect of hydrophilic block.

Foundational model of structural connectivity in the nervous system with a schema for wiring diagrams, connectome, and basic plan architecture

PubMed Central

Swanson, Larry W.; Bota, Mihail

2010-01-01

The nervous system is a biological computer integrating the body's reflex and voluntary environmental interactions (behavior) with a relatively constant internal state (homeostasis)—promoting survival of the individual and species. The wiring diagram of the nervous system's structural connectivity provides an obligatory foundational model for understanding functional localization at molecular, cellular, systems, and behavioral organization levels. This paper provides a high-level, downwardly extendible, conceptual framework—like a compass and map—for describing and exploring in neuroinformatics systems (such as our Brain Architecture Knowledge Management System) the structural architecture of the nervous system's basic wiring diagram. For this, the Foundational Model of Connectivity's universe of discourse is the structural architecture of nervous system connectivity in all animals at all resolutions, and the model includes two key elements—a set of basic principles and an internally consistent set of concepts (defined vocabulary of standard terms)—arranged in an explicitly defined schema (set of relationships between concepts) allowing automatic inferences. In addition, rules and procedures for creating and modifying the foundational model are considered. Controlled vocabularies with broad community support typically are managed by standing committees of experts that create and refine boundary conditions, and a set of rules that are available on the Web. PMID:21078980

Structural analysis using thrust-fault hanging-wall sequence diagrams: Ogden duplex, Wasatch Range, Utah

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schirmer, T.W.

1988-05-01

Detailed mapping and cross-section traverses provide the control for structural analysis and geometric modeling of the Ogden duplex, a complex thrust system exposed in the Wasatch Mountains, east of Ogden, Utah. The structures consist of east-dipping folded thrust faults, basement-cored horses, lateral ramps and folds, and tear faults. The sequence of thrusting determined by means of lateral overlap of horses, thrust-splay relationships, and a top-to-bottom piggyback development is Willard thrust, Ogden thrust, Weber thrust, and Taylor thrust. Major decollement zones occur in the Cambrian shales and limestones. The Tintic Quartzite is the marker for determining gross geometries of horses. Thismore » exposed duplex serves as a good model to illustrate the method of constructing a hanging-wall sequence diagram - a series of longitudinal cross sections that move forward in time and space, and show how a thrust system formed as it moved updip over various footwall ramps. A hanging wall sequence diagram also shows the complex lateral variations in a thrust system and helps to locate lateral ramps, lateral folds, tear faults, and other features not shown on dip-oriented cross sections. 8 figures.« less

33 CFR 208.82 - Hetch Hetchy, Cherry Valley, and Don Pedro Dams and Reservoirs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-control purposes in accordance with the Flood-Control Storage Reservation Diagram currently in force for... section. The Flood-Control Storage Reservation Diagram in force as of the promulgation of this section is...-Control Storage Reservation Diagram may be developed from time to time as necessary by the Corps of...

Kinetic theory for the formation of diamond nanothreads with desired configurations: a strain-temperature controlled phase diagram.

PubMed

Gao, Junfeng; Zhang, Gang; Yakobson, Boris I; Zhang, Yong-Wei

2018-05-24

Diamond nanothreads (DNTs) are a brand-new one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial that was synthesized recently by compressing benzene. Compared with sp2 carbon nanotubes, DNTs may possess a much higher interfacial load-transfer ability. However, previous studies have shown that the mechanical properties of DNTs are highly sensitive to the composition of Stone-Wales (SW) transformed sites. Up to now, it remained unclear what roles SWs play in the structure stability and how to engineer its molecular structure for novel mechanical properties. Using ab initio calculations, here we show that the most stable structure of a DNT is composed of alternative SW and hydrogenated carbon nanotube (3,0) units, suggesting that SW plays an essential role in stabilizing DNT. Interestingly, we found that the SW transition barrier is a nearly linear function of the applied strain, enabling strain engineering of its molecular structure. To do so, we propose a strain-temperature-stretching rate phase diagram to guide the construction of desired molecular structures to achieve superplastic behavior of DNTs. Our findings not only enrich our understanding of this novel carbon material, but also provide a strategy to control its structural and mechanical properties for novel applications, such as energy absorption, energy storage and materials reinforcement.

Graphic kinematics, visual virtual work and elastographics

PubMed Central

Konstantatou, Marina; Athanasopoulos, Georgios; Hannigan, Laura

2017-01-01

In this paper, recent progress in graphic statics is combined with Williot displacement diagrams to create a graphical description of both statics and kinematics for two- and three-dimensional pin-jointed trusses. We begin with reciprocal form and force diagrams. The force diagram is dissected into its component cells which are then translated relative to each other. This defines a displacement diagram which is topologically equivalent to the form diagram (the structure). The various contributions to the overall Virtual Work appear as parallelograms (for two-dimensional trusses) or parallelopipeds (for three-dimensional trusses) that separate the force and the displacement pieces. Structural mechanisms can be identified by translating the force cells such that their shared faces slide across each other without separating. Elastic solutions can be obtained by choosing parallelograms or parallelopipeds of the appropriate aspect ratio. Finally, a new type of ‘elastographic’ diagram—termed a deformed Maxwell–Williot diagram (two-dimensional) or a deformed Rankine–Williot diagram (three-dimensional)—is presented which combines the deflected structure with the forces carried by its members. PMID:28573030

On-orbit flight control algorithm description

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Algorithms are presented for rotational and translational control of the space shuttle orbiter in the orbital mission phases, which are external tank separation, orbit insertion, on-orbit and de-orbit. The program provides a versatile control system structure while maintaining uniform communications with other programs, sensors, and control effectors by using an executive routine/functional subroutine format. Software functional requirements are described using block diagrams where feasible, and input--output tables, and the software implementation of each function is presented in equations and structured flow charts. Included are a glossary of all symbols used to define the requirements, and an appendix of supportive material.

Total Quality Management Analysis of LAMPS MK 1 Aviation Maintenance Data

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-06-05

Qualit Control? The Japanese Way by Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa translated by David J. Lu offers the Japanese version of Total Quality Management. Dr...causes to an effect or problem. It is called the Ishikawa Diagram after its inventor Kaoru Ishikawa , a pioneer in quality control. The name fishbone...pathways involved. 2) Cause and Effect Diagram (also known as an Ishikawa Diagram or a Fishbone Diagram). This diagram used to identify the causes, and

FAME, a microprocessor based front-end analysis and modeling environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rosenbaum, J. D.; Kutin, E. B.

1980-01-01

Higher order software (HOS) is a methodology for the specification and verification of large scale, complex, real time systems. The HOS methodology was implemented as FAME (front end analysis and modeling environment), a microprocessor based system for interactively developing, analyzing, and displaying system models in a low cost user-friendly environment. The nature of the model is such that when completed it can be the basis for projection to a variety of forms such as structured design diagrams, Petri-nets, data flow diagrams, and PSL/PSA source code. The user's interface with the analyzer is easily recognized by any current user of a structured modeling approach; therefore extensive training is unnecessary. Furthermore, when all the system capabilities are used one can check on proper usage of data types, functions, and control structures thereby adding a new dimension to the design process that will lead to better and more easily verified software designs.

A pseudo-haptic knot diagram interface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Hui; Weng, Jianguang; Hanson, Andrew J.

2011-01-01

To make progress in understanding knot theory, we will need to interact with the projected representations of mathematical knots which are of course continuous in 3D but significantly interrupted in the projective images. One way to achieve such a goal would be to design an interactive system that allows us to sketch 2D knot diagrams by taking advantage of a collision-sensing controller and explore their underlying smooth structures through a continuous motion. Recent advances of interaction techniques have been made that allow progress to be made in this direction. Pseudo-haptics that simulates haptic effects using pure visual feedback can be used to develop such an interactive system. This paper outlines one such pseudo-haptic knot diagram interface. Our interface derives from the familiar pencil-and-paper process of drawing 2D knot diagrams and provides haptic-like sensations to facilitate the creation and exploration of knot diagrams. A centerpiece of the interaction model simulates a "physically" reactive mouse cursor, which is exploited to resolve the apparent conflict between the continuous structure of the actual smooth knot and the visual discontinuities in the knot diagram representation. Another value in exploiting pseudo-haptics is that an acceleration (or deceleration) of the mouse cursor (or surface locator) can be used to indicate the slope of the curve (or surface) of whom the projective image is being explored. By exploiting these additional visual cues, we proceed to a full-featured extension to a pseudo-haptic 4D visualization system that simulates the continuous navigation on 4D objects and allows us to sense the bumps and holes in the fourth dimension. Preliminary tests of the software show that main features of the interface overcome some expected perceptual limitations in our interaction with 2D knot diagrams of 3D knots and 3D projective images of 4D mathematical objects.

Complex Causal Process Diagrams for Analyzing the Health Impacts of Policy Interventions

PubMed Central

Joffe, Michael; Mindell, Jennifer

2006-01-01

Causal diagrams are rigorous tools for controlling confounding. They also can be used to describe complex causal systems, which is done routinely in communicable disease epidemiology. The use of change diagrams has advantages over static diagrams, because change diagrams are more tractable, relate better to interventions, and have clearer interpretations. Causal diagrams are a useful basis for modeling. They make assumptions explicit, provide a framework for analysis, generate testable predictions, explore the effects of interventions, and identify data gaps. Causal diagrams can be used to integrate different types of information and to facilitate communication both among public health experts and between public health experts and experts in other fields. Causal diagrams allow the use of instrumental variables, which can help control confounding and reverse causation. PMID:16449586

Arrows in Comprehending and Producing Mechanical Diagrams

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heiser, Julie; Tversky, Barbara

2006-01-01

Mechanical systems have structural organizations--parts, and their relations--and functional organizations--temporal, dynamic, and causal processes--which can be explained using text or diagrams. Two experiments illustrate the role of arrows in diagrams of mechanical systems. In Experiment 1, people described diagrams with or without arrows,…

Design Considerations for Gun Propellant Climatic Storage Chambers.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-11-01

Schematic diagram of thermal element 5 4. Prototype Lhermal element 6 5. Power control circuit diagram 7 6. Power control module 7 7. Temperature...plates. Each plate is powered through a triac and temperature control circuit as shown in figure 5. Figure 6 is a photograph of an assembled power control...SHEATER PLATES Figure 5. Power control circuit diagram 4 f Figure 6. Power control module WSR.L-0295-TR -8- Figure 7. Temperature control module 9 -WSRL

Comparison of control structures for a bidirectional high-frequency dc-dc converter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Himmelstoss, Felix A.; Kolar, Johann W.; Zach, Franz C.

1989-08-01

A system for dc-dc power conversion based on a buck-boost converter topology is presented. It makes power flow in both directions possible. The possibility of bidirectional power flow is useful for certain applications, such as uninterruptable power supplies. Starting from a structural diagram the transfer function of the system is derived. The controller for the converter is then designed. It is made up of a simple voltage controller, a voltage controller with an inner loop current controller (cascade control) and with two kinds of state space control. The transfer functions of the different system parts are derived and dimensioning guidelines for the controller sections are presented. The closed loop behavior of the bidirectional converter for the different control structures is analyzed based on simulation using duty cycle averaging. Bodediagrams and step responses are shown.

[Modeling the requirements on routine data of general practitioners from the health-care researcher's point of view with the help of unified modeling langauge (UML)].

PubMed

Kersting, M; Hauswaldt, J; Lingner, H

2012-08-01

Health-care research is, besides primary acquired study data, based on data from widely differing secondary sources. In order to link, compare and analyze data sources uniform models and methods are needed. This could be facilitated by a more structured description of requirements, models and methods of health-care research than those currently used. Suitable methods of presentation were sought in an approach to this target and the unified modeling language (UML) identified as a possible alternative. Using different tools 3 UML diagrams were created to represent some individual aspects of a scientific use file (SUF): A use case diagram as well as an activity and a class diagram. In the use case diagram we attempted to represent the general use cases of an SUF based on general practitioners routine data. Secondly a class diagram was constructed to visualize the contents and structure of a SUF. Thirdly an activity diagram was developed to graphically represent the concept of a general practitioner's episode of care. The creation of the UML diagrams was possible without any technical difficulties. Regarding the content the 3 diagrams must still be considered as prototypes. The use case diagram shows possible uses and users of an SUF, e. g. a research worker, industry but also the general practitioner who supplies the data. The class diagram reveals a general data structure that can serve information processes in practice and research. Besides aggregation, possibilities for specialization and generalization are essential elements of the class diagram that can be used meaningfully. The activity diagram for the schematic representation of a general practitioner's episode of care reveals the existence of multiple endpoints of an episode and the possibility to form relationships by means of episodes (diagnosis>therapy). The constructed diagrams are preliminary results and should be refined in future steps. Use case diagrams enable a rapid overview of the meaning and purpose of a system, in this case an SUF. Class diagrams can help at a professional level to describe relationships between entities (classes/objects) more clearly than with the existing methods of representation. Activity diagrams are successors to classic flow charts. They are complemented appropriately by status diagrams. UML is suitable to uniformly and graphically describe a system (here an SUF) from various points of view. In future, validated UML models will help us to present scientific concepts and results in a more structured form than before and to promote the technological use of these concepts in practice. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Vision-Based Precision Landings of a Tailsitter UAV

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

2.2: Schematic of the controller used in simulation. The block diagram shown in Figure 2.2 shows the simulation structure used to simulate the vision...the structure of the flight facility walls, any vibration applied to the structure would potentially change the pose of the cameras. Each camera’s pose...relative to the target in Chap- ter 4, a flat earth assumption was made. In several situations the approximation that the ground over which the UAV is

Canonical phase diagrams of the 1D Falicov-Kimball model at T = O

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gajek, Z.; Jȩdrzejewski, J.; Lemański, R.

1996-02-01

The Falicov-Kimball model of spinless quantum electrons hopping on a 1-dimensional lattice and of immobile classical ions occupying some lattice sites, with only intrasite coupling between those particles, have been studied at zero temperature by means of well-controlled numerical procedures. For selected values of the unique coupling parameter U the restricted phase diagrams (based on all the periodic configurations of localized particles (ions) with period not greater than 16 lattice constants, typically) have been constructed in the grand-canonical ensemble. Then these diagrams have been translated into the canonical ensemble. Compared to the diagrams obtained in other studies our ones contain more details, in particular they give better insight into the way the mixtures of periodic phases are formed. Our study has revealed several families of new characteristic phases like the generalized most homogeneous and the generalized crenel phases, a first example of a structural phase transition and a tendency to build up an additional symmetry - the hole-particle symmetry with respect to the ions (electrons) only, as U decreases.

Multiscale skeletal representation of images via Voronoi diagrams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marston, R. E.; Shih, Jian C.

1995-08-01

Polygonal approximations to skeletal or stroke-based representations of 2D objects may consume less storage and be sufficient to describe their shape for many applications. Multi- scale descriptions of object outlines are well established but corresponding methods for skeletal descriptions have been slower to develop. In this paper we offer a method of generating scale-based skeletal representation via the Voronoi diagram. The method has the advantages of less time complexity, a closer relationship between the skeletons at each scale and better control over simplification of the skeleton at lower scales. This is because the algorithm starts by generating the skeleton at the coarsest scale first, then it produces each finer scale, in an iterative manner, directly from the level below. The skeletal approximations produced by the algorithm also benefit from a strong relationship with the object outline, due to the structure of the Voronoi diagram.

A system architecture for a planetary rover

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, D. B.; Matijevic, J. R.

1989-01-01

Each planetary mission requires a complex space vehicle which integrates several functions to accomplish the mission and science objectives. A Mars Rover is one of these vehicles, and extends the normal spacecraft functionality with two additional functions: surface mobility and sample acquisition. All functions are assembled into a hierarchical and structured format to understand the complexities of interactions between functions during different mission times. It can graphically show data flow between functions, and most importantly, the necessary control flow to avoid unambiguous results. Diagrams are presented organizing the functions into a structured, block format where each block represents a major function at the system level. As such, there are six blocks representing telecomm, power, thermal, science, mobility and sampling under a supervisory block called Data Management/Executive. Each block is a simple collection of state machines arranged into a hierarchical order very close to the NASREM model for Telerobotics. Each layer within a block represents a level of control for a set of state machines that do the three primary interface functions: command, telemetry, and fault protection. This latter function is expanded to include automatic reactions to the environment as well as internal faults. Lastly, diagrams are presented that trace the system operations involved in moving from site to site after site selection. The diagrams clearly illustrate both the data and control flows. They also illustrate inter-block data transfers and a hierarchical approach to fault protection. This systems architecture can be used to determine functional requirements, interface specifications and be used as a mechanism for grouping subsystems (i.e., collecting groups of machines, or blocks consistent with good and testable implementations).

Phase stabilities at a glance: Stability diagrams of nickel dipnictides

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bachhuber, F.; School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland; Rothballer, J.

2013-12-07

In the course of the recent advances in chemical structure prediction, a straightforward type of diagram to evaluate phase stabilities is presented based on an expedient example. Crystal structures and energetic stabilities of dipnictides NiPn{sub 2} (Pn = N, P, As, Sb, Bi) are systematically investigated by first principles calculations within the framework of density functional theory using the generalized gradient approximation to treat exchange and correlation. These dipnictides show remarkable polymorphism that is not yet understood systematically and offers room for the discovery of new phases. Relationships between the concerned structures including the marcasite, the pyrite, the arsenopyrite/CoSb{sub 2},more » and the NiAs{sub 2} types are highlighted by means of common structural fragments. Electronic stabilities of experimentally known and related AB{sub 2} structure types are presented graphically in so-called stability diagrams. Additionally, competing binary phases are taken into consideration in the diagrams to evaluate the stabilities of the title compounds with respect to decomposition. The main purpose of the stability diagrams is the introduction of an image that enables the estimation of phase stabilities at a single glance. Beyond that, some of the energetically favored structure types can be identified as potential new phases.« less

Identification of high school students' ability level of constructing free body diagrams to solve restricted and structured response items in force matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahmaniar, Andinisa; Rusnayati, Heni; Sutiadi, Asep

2017-05-01

While solving physics problem particularly in force matter, it is needed to have the ability of constructing free body diagrams which can help students to analyse every force which acts on an object, the length of its vector and the naming of its force. Mix method was used to explain the result without any special treatment to participants. The participants were high school students in first grade totals 35 students. The purpose of this study is to identify students' ability level of constructing free body diagrams in solving restricted and structured response items. Considering of two types of test, every student would be classified into four levels ability of constructing free body diagrams which is every level has different characteristic and some students were interviewed while solving test in order to know how students solve the problem. The result showed students' ability of constructing free body diagrams on restricted response items about 34.86% included in no evidence of level, 24.11% inadequate level, 29.14% needs improvement level and 4.0% adequate level. On structured response items is about 16.59% included no evidence of level, 23.99% inadequate level, 36% needs improvement level, and 13.71% adequate level. Researcher found that students who constructed free body diagrams first and constructed free body diagrams correctly were more successful in solving restricted and structured response items.

Quality Control System using Simple Implementation of Seven Tools for Batik Textile Manufacturing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ragil Suryoputro, Muhammad; Sugarindra, Muchamad; Erfaisalsyah, Hendy

2017-06-01

In order to produce better products and mitigate defect in products, every company must implement a quality control system. Company will find means to implement a quality control system that is capable and reliable. One of the methods is using the simple implementation of the seven tools in quality control defects. The case studied in this research was the level of disability xyz grey fabric on a shuttle loom 2 on the Batik manufacturing company. The seven tools that include: flowchart, check sheet, histogram, scatter diagram combined with control charts, Pareto diagrams and fishbone diagrams (causal diagram). Check sheet results obtained types of defects in the grey fabric was woven xyz is warp, double warp, the warp break, double warp, empty warp, warp tenuous, ugly edges, thick warp, and rust. Based on the analysis of control chart indicates that the process is out of control. This can be seen in the graph control where there is still a lot of outlier data. Based on a scatter diagram shows a positive correlation between the percentage of disability and the number of production. Based on Pareto diagram, repair needs priority is for the dominant type of defect is warp (44%) and based on double warp value histogram is also the highest with a value of 23635.11 m. In addition, based on the analysis of the factors causing defect by fishbone diagram double warp or other types of defects originating from the materials, methods, machines, measurements, man and environment. Thus the company can take to minimize the prevention and repair of defects and improve product quality.

Using Functional Flow Diagrams to Enhance Technical Systems Understanding.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Satchwell, Richard E.

1997-01-01

A treatment group of 20 aviation students used training manuals that presented functional flow diagrams before schematic diagrams. Comparison of data from 10 controls on a card-sort task showed that functional flow diagrams enhanced understanding of technical systems. (SK)

Four experimental demonstrations of active vibration control for flexible structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Phillips, Doug; Collins, Emmanuel G., Jr.

1990-01-01

Laboratory experiments designed to test prototype active-vibration-control systems under development for future flexible space structures are described, summarizing previously reported results. The control-synthesis technique employed for all four experiments was the maximum-entropy optimal-projection (MEOP) method (Bernstein and Hyland, 1988). Consideration is given to: (1) a pendulum experiment on large-amplitude LF dynamics; (2) a plate experiment on broadband vibration suppression in a two-dimensional structure; (3) a multiple-hexagon experiment combining the factors studied in (1) and (2) to simulate the complexity of a large space structure; and (4) the NASA Marshall ACES experiment on a lightweight deployable 45-foot beam. Extensive diagrams, drawings, graphs, and photographs are included. The results are shown to validate the MEOP design approach, demonstrating that good performance is achievable using relatively simple low-order decentralized controllers.

Reactome diagram viewer: data structures and strategies to boost performance.

PubMed

Fabregat, Antonio; Sidiropoulos, Konstantinos; Viteri, Guilherme; Marin-Garcia, Pablo; Ping, Peipei; Stein, Lincoln; D'Eustachio, Peter; Hermjakob, Henning

2018-04-01

Reactome is a free, open-source, open-data, curated and peer-reviewed knowledgebase of biomolecular pathways. For web-based pathway visualization, Reactome uses a custom pathway diagram viewer that has been evolved over the past years. Here, we present comprehensive enhancements in usability and performance based on extensive usability testing sessions and technology developments, aiming to optimize the viewer towards the needs of the community. The pathway diagram viewer version 3 achieves consistently better performance, loading and rendering of 97% of the diagrams in Reactome in less than 1 s. Combining the multi-layer html5 canvas strategy with a space partitioning data structure minimizes CPU workload, enabling the introduction of new features that further enhance user experience. Through the use of highly optimized data structures and algorithms, Reactome has boosted the performance and usability of the new pathway diagram viewer, providing a robust, scalable and easy-to-integrate solution to pathway visualization. As graph-based visualization of complex data is a frequent challenge in bioinformatics, many of the individual strategies presented here are applicable to a wide range of web-based bioinformatics resources. Reactome is available online at: https://reactome.org. The diagram viewer is part of the Reactome pathway browser (https://reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/) and also available as a stand-alone widget at: https://reactome.org/dev/diagram/. The source code is freely available at: https://github.com/reactome-pwp/diagram. fabregat@ebi.ac.uk or hhe@ebi.ac.uk. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Study of Residual Stresses and Distortion in Structural Weldments in High-Strength Steels.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-11-30

diagram of the material under consideration which is either known experimentally or can be derived from the TTT diagram. Using the CCT diagram and the...strains are incorporated into the finite element program ADINA replacing the conventional thermal strains, T TH e i" I Computed CCT Diagram . Experimentally...derived CCT diagrams exist today for several steel alloys, enabling one to predict the microstructure [history during the cooling stage of the

Applicator Training Manual for: Industrial, Institutional, Structural and Health-Related Pest Control.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christensen, Christian M.; Scheibner, R. A.

This manual gives descriptions and diagrams for identification of the following types of pests: four species of cockroach; ants; bees and wasps; parasitic pests of man such as bedbugs, fleas, and ticks; occasional invaders such as flies and millipedes; silverfish and firebrats; beetles; termites; moths; fungi; and vertebrates including rodents,…

Comparative dynamics in a health investment model.

PubMed

Eisenring, C

1999-10-01

The method of comparative dynamics fully exploits the inter-temporal structure of optimal control models. I derive comparative dynamic results in a simplified demand for health model. The effect of a change in the depreciation rate on the optimal paths for health capital and investment in health is studied by use of a phase diagram.

UML activity diagram swimlanes in logic controller design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grobelny, Michał; Grobelna, Iwona

2015-12-01

Logic controller behavior can be specified using various techniques, including UML activity diagrams and control Petri nets. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages. Application of both specification types in one project allows to take benefits from both of them. Additional elements of UML models make it possible to divide a specification into some parts, considered from other point of view (logic controller, user or system). The paper introduces an idea to use UML activity diagrams with swimlanes to increase the understandability of design models.

Insights into the phase diagram of bismuth ferrite from quasiharmonic free-energy calculations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cazorla, Claudio; Iñiguez, Jorge

2013-12-01

We have used first-principles methods to investigate the phase diagram of multiferroic bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3 or BFO), revealing the energetic and vibrational features that control the occurrence of various relevant structures. More precisely, we have studied the relative stability of four low-energy BFO polymorphs by computing their free energies within the quasiharmonic approximation, introducing a practical scheme that allows us to account for the main effects of spin disorder. As expected, we find that the ferroelectric ground state of the material (with R3c space group) transforms into an orthorhombic paraelectric phase (Pnma) upon heating. We show that this transition is not significantly affected by magnetic disorder, and that the occurrence of the Pnma structure relies on its being vibrationally (although not elastically) softer than the R3c phase. We also investigate a representative member of the family of nanotwinned polymorphs recently predicted for BFO [S. Prosandeev et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 23, 234 (2013), 10.1002/adfm.201201467] and discuss their possible stabilization at the boundaries separating the R3c and Pnma regions in the corresponding pressure-temperature phase diagram. Finally, we elucidate the intriguing case of the so-called supertetragonal phases of BFO: Our results explain why such structures have never been observed in the bulk material, despite their being stable polymorphs of very low energy. Quantitative comparison with experiment is provided whenever possible, and the relative importance of various physical effects (zero-point motion, spin fluctuations, thermal expansion) and technical features (employed exchange-correlation energy density functional) is discussed. Our work attests the validity and usefulness of the quasiharmonic scheme to investigate the phase diagram of this complex oxide, and prospective applications are discussed.

Free cooling phase-diagram of hard-spheres with short- and long-range interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gonzalez, S.; Thornton, A. R.; Luding, S.

2014-10-01

We study the stability, the clustering and the phase-diagram of free cooling granular gases. The systems consist of mono-disperse particles with additional non-contact (long-range) interactions, and are simulated here by the event-driven molecular dynamics algorithm with discrete (short-range shoulders or wells) potentials (in both 2D and 3D). Astonishingly good agreement is found with a mean field theory, where only the energy dissipation term is modified to account for both repulsive or attractive non-contact interactions. Attractive potentials enhance cooling and structure formation (clustering), whereas repulsive potentials reduce it, as intuition suggests. The system evolution is controlled by a single parameter: the non-contact potential strength scaled by the fluctuation kinetic energy (granular temperature). When this is small, as expected, the classical homogeneous cooling state is found. However, if the effective dissipation is strong enough, structure formation proceeds, before (in the repulsive case) non-contact forces get strong enough to undo the clustering (due to the ongoing dissipation of granular temperature). For both repulsive and attractive potentials, in the homogeneous regime, the cooling shows a universal behaviour when the (inverse) control parameter is used as evolution variable instead of time. The transition to a non-homogeneous regime, as predicted by stability analysis, is affected by both dissipation and potential strength. This can be cast into a phase diagram where the system changes with time, which leaves open many challenges for future research.

A project management system for the X-29A flight test program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stewart, J. F.; Bauer, C. A.

1983-01-01

The project-management system developed for NASA's participation in the X-29A aircraft development program is characterized from a theoretical perspective, as an example of a system appropriate to advanced, highly integrated technology projects. System-control theory is applied to the analysis of classical project-management techniques and structures, which are found to be of closed-loop multivariable type; and the effects of increasing project complexity and integration are evaluated. The importance of information flow, sampling frequency, information holding, and delays is stressed. The X-29A system is developed in four stages: establishment of overall objectives and requirements, determination of information processes (block diagrams) definition of personnel functional roles and relationships, and development of a detailed work-breakdown structure. The resulting system is shown to require a greater information flow to management than conventional methods. Sample block diagrams are provided.

A new state space model for the NASA/JPL 70-meter antenna servo controls

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hill, R. E.

1987-01-01

A control axis referenced model of the NASA/JPL 70-m antenna structure is combined with the dynamic equations of servo components to produce a comprehansive state variable (matrix) model of the coupled system. An interactive Fortran program for generating the linear system model and computing its salient parameters is described. Results are produced in a state variable, block diagram, and in factored transfer function forms to facilitate design and analysis by classical as well as modern control methods.

Representing causal knowledge in environmental policy interventions: Advantages and opportunities for qualitative influence diagram applications.

PubMed

Carriger, John F; Dyson, Brian E; Benson, William H

2018-01-15

This article develops and explores a methodology for using qualitative influence diagrams in environmental policy and management to support decision making efforts that minimize risk and increase resiliency. Influence diagrams are representations of the conditional aspects of a problem domain. Their graphical properties are useful for structuring causal knowledge relevant to policy interventions and can be used to enhance inference and inclusivity of multiple viewpoints. Qualitative components of influence diagrams are beneficial tools for identifying and examining the interactions among the critical variables in complex policy development and implementation. Policy interventions on social-environmental systems can be intuitively diagrammed for representing knowledge of critical relationships among economic, environmental, and social attributes. Examples relevant to coastal resiliency issues in the U.S. Gulf Coast region are developed to illustrate model structures for developing qualitative influence diagrams useful for clarifying important policy intervention issues and enhancing transparency in decision making. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Software Methodology Catalog. Second Edition. Revision

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-01

structured design involve characterization of the data flow through graphical representation, identification of the various transform elements, assembling...and graphical diagrams to facilitate communication within the team. The diagrams are consistent with the design language and can be automatically...organization, box structure graphics provide a visual means of client communication. These box structures are used during analysis and design to review

Using a Semantic Diagram to Structure a Collaborative Problem Solving Process in the Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cai, Huiying; Lin, Lin; Gu, Xiaoqing

2016-01-01

This study provides an in-depth look into the implementation process of visualization-based tools for structuring collaborative problem solving (CPS) in the classroom. A visualization-based learning platform--the semantic diagram for structuring CPS in a real classroom was designed and implemented. Metafora, the preliminary vehicle of the semantic…

Vortex Domain Structure in Ferroelectric Nanoplatelets and Control of its Transformation by Mechanical Load

PubMed Central

Chen, W. J.; Zheng, Yue; Wang, Biao

2012-01-01

Vortex domain patterns in low-dimensional ferroelectrics and multiferroics have been extensively studied with the aim of developing nanoscale functional devices. However, control of the vortex domain structure has not been investigated systematically. Taking into account effects of inhomogeneous electromechanical fields, ambient temperature, surface and size, we demonstrate significant influence of mechanical load on the vortex domain structure in ferroelectric nanoplatelets. Our analysis shows that the size and number of dipole vortices can be controlled by mechanical load, and yields rich temperature-stress (T-S) phase diagrams. Simulations also reveal that transformations between “vortex states” induced by the mechanical load are possible, which is totally different from the conventional way controlled on the vortex domain by the electric field. These results are relevant to application of vortex domain structures in ferroelectric nanodevices, and suggest a novel route to applications including memories, mechanical sensors and transducers. PMID:23150769

Atomic density functional and diagram of structures in the phase field crystal model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ankudinov, V. E., E-mail: vladimir@ankudinov.org; Galenko, P. K.; Kropotin, N. V.

2016-02-15

The phase field crystal model provides a continual description of the atomic density over the diffusion time of reactions. We consider a homogeneous structure (liquid) and a perfect periodic crystal, which are constructed from the one-mode approximation of the phase field crystal model. A diagram of 2D structures is constructed from the analytic solutions of the model using atomic density functionals. The diagram predicts equilibrium atomic configurations for transitions from the metastable state and includes the domains of existence of homogeneous, triangular, and striped structures corresponding to a liquid, a body-centered cubic crystal, and a longitudinal cross section of cylindricalmore » tubes. The method developed here is employed for constructing the diagram for the homogeneous liquid phase and the body-centered iron lattice. The expression for the free energy is derived analytically from density functional theory. The specific features of approximating the phase field crystal model are compared with the approximations and conclusions of the weak crystallization and 2D melting theories.« less

UML activity diagrams in requirements specification of logic controllers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grobelna, Iwona; Grobelny, Michał

2015-12-01

Logic controller specification can be prepared using various techniques. One of them is the wide understandable and user-friendly UML language and its activity diagrams. Using formal methods during the design phase increases the assurance that implemented system meets the project requirements. In the approach we use the model checking technique to formally verify a specification against user-defined behavioral requirements. The properties are usually defined as temporal logic formulas. In the paper we propose to use UML activity diagrams in requirements definition and then to formalize them as temporal logic formulas. As a result, UML activity diagrams can be used both for logic controller specification and for requirements definition, what simplifies the specification and verification process.

How Design Guides Learning from Matrix Diagrams

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van der Meij, Jan; van Amelsvoort, Marije; Anjewierden, Anjo

2017-01-01

Compared to text, diagrams are superior in their ability to structure and summarize information and to show relations between concepts and ideas. Perceptual cues, like arrows, are expected to improve the retention of diagrams by guiding the learner towards important elements or showing a preferred reading sequence. In our experiment, we analyzed…

Building Path Diagrams for Multilevel Models

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Curran, Patrick J.; Bauer, Daniel J.

2007-01-01

Multilevel models have come to play an increasingly important role in many areas of social science research. However, in contrast to other modeling strategies, there is currently no widely used approach for graphically diagramming multilevel models. Ideally, such diagrams would serve two functions: to provide a formal structure for deriving the…

Using Diagrams as Tools for the Solution of Non-Routine Mathematical Problems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pantziara, Marilena; Gagatsis, Athanasios; Elia, Iliada

2009-01-01

The Mathematics education community has long recognized the importance of diagrams in the solution of mathematical problems. Particularly, it is stated that diagrams facilitate the solution of mathematical problems because they represent problems' structure and information (Novick & Hurley, 2001; Diezmann, 2005). Novick and Hurley were the first…

The Effect of Conceptual Diagrams on Aviation Mechanics' Technical Systems Understanding.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Satchwell, Richard E.; Johnson, Scott D.

A quasi-experimental study explored the effect of functional flow diagrams on technical system understanding. An individualized field training package which contained schematic diagrams that illustrated an aircraft's electrical system was complimented with functional flow diagrams. In a 4-week treatment, a control group of 10 students enrolled in…

Application of machine learning and expert systems to Statistical Process Control (SPC) chart interpretation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shewhart, Mark

1991-01-01

Statistical Process Control (SPC) charts are one of several tools used in quality control. Other tools include flow charts, histograms, cause and effect diagrams, check sheets, Pareto diagrams, graphs, and scatter diagrams. A control chart is simply a graph which indicates process variation over time. The purpose of drawing a control chart is to detect any changes in the process signalled by abnormal points or patterns on the graph. The Artificial Intelligence Support Center (AISC) of the Acquisition Logistics Division has developed a hybrid machine learning expert system prototype which automates the process of constructing and interpreting control charts.

The random field Blume-Capel model revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santos, P. V.; da Costa, F. A.; de Araújo, J. M.

2018-04-01

We have revisited the mean-field treatment for the Blume-Capel model under the presence of a discrete random magnetic field as introduced by Kaufman and Kanner (1990). The magnetic field (H) versus temperature (T) phase diagrams for given values of the crystal field D were recovered in accordance to Kaufman and Kanner original work. However, our main goal in the present work was to investigate the distinct structures of the crystal field versus temperature phase diagrams as the random magnetic field is varied because similar models have presented reentrant phenomenon due to randomness. Following previous works we have classified the distinct phase diagrams according to five different topologies. The topological structure of the phase diagrams is maintained for both H - T and D - T cases. Although the phase diagrams exhibit a richness of multicritical phenomena we did not found any reentrant effect as have been seen in similar models.

Influence of growth flux solvent on anneal-tuning of ground states in CaFe2As2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roncaioli, Connor; Drye, Tyler; Saha, Shanta R.; Paglione, Johnpierre

2018-04-01

The effects of anneal-tuning of single-crystalline samples of CaFe2As2 synthesized via a molten Sn-flux method are investigated using x-ray diffraction, chemical composition, electrical transport, and magnetic susceptibility measurements in order to understand the role of growth conditions on the resultant phase diagram. Previous studies of CaFe2As2 crystals synthesized using a self-flux (FeAs) method revealed an ability to tune the structural and magnetic properties of this system by control of post-synthesis annealing conditions, resulting in an ambient pressure phase diagram that spans from tetragonal/orthorhombic antiferromagnetism to the collapsed tetragonal phase of this system. In this work, we compare previous results to those obtained on crystals synthesized via Sn flux, finding similar tunability in both self- and Sn-flux cases, but less sensitivity to annealing temperatures in the latter case, resulting in a temperature-shifted phase diagram.

Comprehending 3D Diagrams: Sketching to Support Spatial Reasoning.

PubMed

Gagnier, Kristin M; Atit, Kinnari; Ormand, Carol J; Shipley, Thomas F

2017-10-01

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines commonly illustrate 3D relationships in diagrams, yet these are often challenging for students. Failing to understand diagrams can hinder success in STEM because scientific practice requires understanding and creating diagrammatic representations. We explore a new approach to improving student understanding of diagrams that convey 3D relations that is based on students generating their own predictive diagrams. Participants' comprehension of 3D spatial diagrams was measured in a pre- and post-design where students selected the correct 2D slice through 3D geologic block diagrams. Generating sketches that predicated the internal structure of a model led to greater improvement in diagram understanding than visualizing the interior of the model without sketching, or sketching the model without attempting to predict unseen spatial relations. In addition, we found a positive correlation between sketched diagram accuracy and improvement on the diagram comprehension measure. Results suggest that generating a predictive diagram facilitates students' abilities to make inferences about spatial relationships in diagrams. Implications for use of sketching in supporting STEM learning are discussed. Copyright © 2016 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.

Control of Plasma Aldosterone in Mammals.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reinking, Larry N.

1980-01-01

Presents a discussion of the potential controls of plasma aldosterone levels in humans or mammals. A diagram is given which summarizes the controls. Topics for discussion, that are prompted by the diagram, are given at the end of the paper. (Author/SA)

A Methodology for Performing Effects-Based Assessments

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-01

can then be used to make assessments (Smith, 2002:384). 2.8 Cause-and-Effect Diagrams Developed by Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa in the field of Quality Control...John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004. Ishikawa , Kaoru . Guide to Quality Control. White Plains NY: Asian Productivity Organization, 1989...various causes affecting product quality by sorting out and relating the causes. Cause-and-effect diagrams are sometimes called Ishikawa diagrams, or

Wetting and Dewetting Transitions on Submerged Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Hierarchical Structures.

PubMed

Wu, Huaping; Yang, Zhe; Cao, Binbin; Zhang, Zheng; Zhu, Kai; Wu, Bingbing; Jiang, Shaofei; Chai, Guozhong

2017-01-10

The wetting transition on submersed superhydrophobic surfaces with hierarchical structures and the influence of trapped air on superhydrophobic stability are predicted based on the thermodynamics and mechanical analyses. The dewetting transition on the hierarchically structured surfaces is investigated, and two necessary thermodynamic conditions and a mechanical balance condition for dewetting transition are proposed. The corresponding thermodynamic phase diagram of reversible transition and the critical reversed pressure well explain the experimental results reported previously. Our theory provides a useful guideline for precise controlling of breaking down and recovering of superhydrophobicity by designing superhydrophobic surfaces with hierarchical structures under water.

Fracture control methods for space vehicles. Volume 1: Fracture control design methods. [for space shuttle configuration planning

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liu, A. F.

1974-01-01

A systematic approach for applying methods for fracture control in the structural components of space vehicles consists of four major steps. The first step is to define the primary load-carrying structural elements and the type of load, environment, and design stress levels acting upon them. The second step is to identify the potential fracture-critical parts by means of a selection logic flow diagram. The third step is to evaluate the safe-life and fail-safe capabilities of the specified part. The last step in the sequence is to apply the control procedures that will prevent damage to the fracture-critical parts. The fracture control methods discussed include fatigue design and analysis methods, methods for preventing crack-like defects, fracture mechanics analysis methods, and nondestructive evaluation methods. An example problem is presented for evaluation of the safe-crack-growth capability of the space shuttle crew compartment skin structure.

Visuals and Visualisation of Human Body Systems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mathai, Sindhu; Ramadas, Jayashree

2009-01-01

This paper explores the role of diagrams and text in middle school students' understanding and visualisation of human body systems. We develop a common framework based on structure and function to assess students' responses across diagram and verbal modes. Visualisation is defined in terms of understanding transformations on structure and relating…

A composite phase diagram of structure H hydrates using Schreinemakers' geometric approach

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mehta, A.P.; Makogon, T.Y.; Burruss, R.C.; Wendlandt, R.F.; Sloan, E.D.

1996-01-01

A composite phase diagram is presented for Structure H (sH) clathrate hydrates. In this work, we derived the reactions occurring among the various phases along each four-phase (Ice/Liquid water, liquid hydrocarbon, vapor, and hydrate) equilibrium line. A powerful method (though seldom used in chemical engineering) for multicomponent equilibria developed by Schreinemakers is applied to determine the relative location of all quadruple (four-phase) lines emanating from three quintuple (five-phase) points. Experimental evidence validating the approximate phase diagram is also provided. The use of Schreinemakers' rules for the development of the phase diagram is novel for hydrates, but these rules may be extended to resolve the phase space of other more complex systems commonly encountered in chemical engineering.

Strain actuated aeroelastic control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lazarus, Kenneth B.

1992-01-01

Viewgraphs on strain actuated aeroelastic control are presented. Topics covered include: structural and aerodynamic modeling; control law design methodology; system block diagram; adaptive wing test article; bench-top experiments; bench-top disturbance rejection: open and closed loop response; bench-top disturbance rejection: state cost versus control cost; wind tunnel experiments; wind tunnel gust alleviation: open and closed loop response at 60 mph; wind tunnel gust alleviation: state cost versus control cost at 60 mph; wind tunnel command following: open and closed loop error at 60 mph; wind tunnel flutter suppression: open loop flutter speed; and wind tunnel flutter suppression: closed loop state cost curves.

Output Feedback Pole-Placement in the Design of Compensators for Suboptimal Linear Quadratic Regulators.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-06-01

also extended to the class of stabilizable systems and the required compensator shown to possess a separation property. Finally the design methodology...Page 1.1. Block diagram of transfer function given in (1.28) ........... 15 3.3.1. Compensator structure for controllable and stabilizable systems ...response will be stable. The implemented output feedback control law will stabilize the total closed loop system . n nn Let [uin and iJi= 1 be the

The Effect of Functional Flow Diagrams on the Technical System Understanding of Apprentice Aircraft Maintenance Mechanics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Scott D.; Satchwell, Richard E.

A quasiexperimental study involved 18 male students enrolled in an aircraft systems course at the University of Illinois. The control group of 10 students studied 39 schematic diagrams of aircraft systems. The treatment group of eight students studied the same schematic diagrams plus conceptual diagrams of the systems. Otherwise, the instruction…

The Role of Diagrammatic Reasoning in the Proving Process

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sáenz-Ludlow, Adalira; Athanasopoulou, Anna

2016-01-01

The paper focuses on student-teachers' geometric diagrams to mediate the emergence of different proofs for a geometric proposition. For Peirce, a diagram is an icon that explicitly and implicitly represents the deep structural relations among the parts of the object that it stands for. Geometric diagrams can be seen as epistemological tools to…

Compromised Structures: Verbal Descriptions of Mechanism Diagrams

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bhattacharyya, Gautam; Harris, Michael S.

2018-01-01

We report our research of seven pairs of students enrolled in the second semester of sophomore-level organic chemistry as they attempted to describe (in their own words) and draw, respectively, three electron-pushing diagrams of three-step reaction mechanisms. The tasks' objective was to accurately reproduce the diagrams based solely on the…

A Closer Look at Phase Diagrams for the General Chemistry Course.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gramsch, Stephen A.

2000-01-01

Information concerning structural chemistry and phase equilibria contained in the full phase diagrams of common substances is a great deal richer than the general chemistry students are given to believe. Discusses ways of enriching the traditional presentation of phase diagrams in general chemistry courses. (Contains over 20 references.) (WRM)

Structural and Hydrologic Implications of Joint Orientations in the Warner Creek and Stony Clove Drainage Basins, Catskill Mountains, Eastern New York

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haskins, M. N.; Vollmer, F. W.; Rayburn, J. A.; Gurdak, J. J.

2010-12-01

To investigate joint control on hydrology as well as tectonic implications, we conducted a study of joint orientations near the Stony Clove and Warner Creek drainages of the Catskill Mountains, Eastern New York. Specific goals of this research were to determine joint control on stream orientations and groundwater flow, to compare results with previous studies in the area, and to investigate their tectonic significance. Trails, streams, and road cuts were traversed to locate bedrock outcrops whose positions were determined using topographic maps and a handheld GPS unit. Additional outcrops were located using aerial photographs and GIS data. Joint orientations were measured using a standard Brunton pocket transit. The data was analyzed using Orient (Vollmer, 2010), an orientation analysis program, to plot joint and stream orientations on rose diagrams. ArcGIS was used to produce topographic, hill-shade, and stream drainage maps. Over 500 joint orientations at over 100 outcrop stations were collected. The data were plotted on a rose diagrams, and two major joint sets were found, one with a mean strike of 021° and one with a mean strike of 096°. Stream orientations were also plotted on a rose diagram showing an axial mean of 022°, and indicate that the joint set with mean strike of 021 may have a significant control on stream orientations. The hill-shade maps also demonstrate clearly the strong control of jointing on the topography. The data collected in this research expands on previous joint orientation studies of Engelder and Geiser (1980) in the southwestern and central Catskills, and is similar to joint orientations found by Isachsen et al. (1977) in their study of the Panther Mountain circular structure, a possible impact-related feature. The origin of this jointing is thought to be related to Alleghanian (Permian) and possibly Acadian (Devonian) orogenic events.

Diagrams of Spacecraft Reaction Control System (RCS) Function

NASA Image and Video Library

1964-01-13

S64-03506 (1964) --- Diagrams shows Gemini spacecraft functions of the thrusters in the Gemini spacecraft's re-entry control system. Thrusters may be fired in various combinations to cause yaw, roll and pitch.

Automated extraction of chemical structure information from digital raster images

PubMed Central

Park, Jungkap; Rosania, Gus R; Shedden, Kerby A; Nguyen, Mandee; Lyu, Naesung; Saitou, Kazuhiro

2009-01-01

Background To search for chemical structures in research articles, diagrams or text representing molecules need to be translated to a standard chemical file format compatible with cheminformatic search engines. Nevertheless, chemical information contained in research articles is often referenced as analog diagrams of chemical structures embedded in digital raster images. To automate analog-to-digital conversion of chemical structure diagrams in scientific research articles, several software systems have been developed. But their algorithmic performance and utility in cheminformatic research have not been investigated. Results This paper aims to provide critical reviews for these systems and also report our recent development of ChemReader – a fully automated tool for extracting chemical structure diagrams in research articles and converting them into standard, searchable chemical file formats. Basic algorithms for recognizing lines and letters representing bonds and atoms in chemical structure diagrams can be independently run in sequence from a graphical user interface-and the algorithm parameters can be readily changed-to facilitate additional development specifically tailored to a chemical database annotation scheme. Compared with existing software programs such as OSRA, Kekule, and CLiDE, our results indicate that ChemReader outperforms other software systems on several sets of sample images from diverse sources in terms of the rate of correct outputs and the accuracy on extracting molecular substructure patterns. Conclusion The availability of ChemReader as a cheminformatic tool for extracting chemical structure information from digital raster images allows research and development groups to enrich their chemical structure databases by annotating the entries with published research articles. Based on its stable performance and high accuracy, ChemReader may be sufficiently accurate for annotating the chemical database with links to scientific research articles. PMID:19196483

PDBsum new things.

PubMed

Laskowski, Roman A

2009-01-01

PDBsum (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum) provides summary information about each experimentally determined structural model in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Here we describe some of its most recent features, including figures from the structure's key reference, citation data, Pfam domain diagrams, topology diagrams and protein-protein interactions. Furthermore, it now accepts users' own PDB format files and generates a private set of analyses for each uploaded structure.

Control/structure interaction design methodology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Briggs, Hugh C.; Layman, William E.

1989-01-01

The Control Structure Interaction Program is a technology development program for spacecraft that exhibit interactions between the control system and structural dynamics. The program objectives include development and verification of new design concepts (such as active structure) and new tools (such as a combined structure and control optimization algorithm) and their verification in ground and possibly flight test. The new CSI design methodology is centered around interdisciplinary engineers using new tools that closely integrate structures and controls. Verification is an important CSI theme and analysts will be closely integrated to the CSI Test Bed laboratory. Components, concepts, tools and algorithms will be developed and tested in the lab and in future Shuttle-based flight experiments. The design methodology is summarized in block diagrams depicting the evolution of a spacecraft design and descriptions of analytical capabilities used in the process. The multiyear JPL CSI implementation plan is described along with the essentials of several new tools. A distributed network of computation servers and workstations was designed that will provide a state-of-the-art development base for the CSI technologies.

F-16 Simulator for Man-in-the-Loop Testing of Aircraft Control Systems (SIMTACS).

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-01

Figures Figure Page 2.1. General Hardware Arrangement..................... 12 3.1. DFCS Longitudinal Control Block Diagram .... 21 3.2. DFCS Gain...Functions for Longitudinal Control 22 3.3. DFCS Lateral-Directional Control Block Diagram........................................... 23 3.4. DFCS Gain...Functions for Lateral-Directional Control........................................... 24 3.5. DFCS Control Surface Mixer....................... 25 3.6

pH controlled pathway and systematic hydrothermal phase diagram for elaboration of synthetic lead nickel selenites.

PubMed

Kovrugin, Vadim M; Colmont, Marie; Terryn, Christine; Colis, Silviu; Siidra, Oleg I; Krivovichev, Sergey V; Mentré, Olivier

2015-03-02

The PbO-NiO-SeO2 ternary system was fully studied using constant hydrothermal conditions at 473 K. It yields the establishment of the corresponding phase diagram using a systematic assignment of reaction products by both powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It leads to the preparation of three novel lead nickel selenites, α-PbNi(SeO3)2 (I), β-PbNi(SeO3)2 (II), and PbNi2(SeO2OH)2(SeO3)2 (III), and one novel lead cobalt selenite, α-PbCo(SeO3)2 (IV), which have been structurally characterized. The crystal structures of the α-forms I, IV, and III are based on a 3D complex nickel selenite frameworks, whereas the β-PbNi(SeO3)2 modification (II) consists of nickel selenite sheets stacked in a noncentrosymmetric structure, second-harmonic generation active. The pH value of the starting solution was shown to play an essential role in the reactive processes. Magnetic measurements of I, III, and IV are discussed.

Urban search mobile platform modeling in hindered access conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barankova, I. I.; Mikhailova, U. V.; Kalugina, O. B.; Barankov, V. V.

2018-05-01

The article explores the control system simulation and the design of the experimental model of the rescue robot mobile platform. The functional interface, a structural functional diagram of the mobile platform control unit, and a functional control scheme for the mobile platform of secure robot were modeled. The task of design a mobile platform for urban searching in hindered access conditions is realized through the use of a mechanical basis with a chassis and crawler drive, a warning device, human heat sensors and a microcontroller based on Arduino platforms.

The phase diagram of water at negative pressures: virtual ices.

PubMed

Conde, M M; Vega, C; Tribello, G A; Slater, B

2009-07-21

The phase diagram of water at negative pressures as obtained from computer simulations for two models of water, TIP4P/2005 and TIP5P is presented. Several solid structures with lower densities than ice Ih, so-called virtual ices, were considered as possible candidates to occupy the negative pressure region of the phase diagram of water. In particular the empty hydrate structures sI, sII, and sH and another, recently proposed, low-density ice structure. The relative stabilities of these structures at 0 K was determined using empirical water potentials and density functional theory calculations. By performing free energy calculations and Gibbs-Duhem integration the phase diagram of TIP4P/2005 was determined at negative pressures. The empty hydrates sII and sH appear to be the stable solid phases of water at negative pressures. The phase boundary between ice Ih and sII clathrate occurs at moderate negative pressures, while at large negative pressures sH becomes the most stable phase. This behavior is in reasonable agreement with what is observed in density functional theory calculations.

Axial vibration control of melt structure of sodium nitrate in crystal growth process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sadovskiy, Andrey; Sukhanova, Ekaterina; Belov, Stanislav; Kostikov, Vladimir; Zykova, Marina; Artyushenko, Maxim; Zharikov, Evgeny; Avetissov, Igor

2015-05-01

The melt structure evolution under the action of the low-frequency axial vibration control (AVC) technique was studied in situ by Raman spectroscopy for several complex chemical compound melts: sodium nitrate, margarine acid, paraffin mixture (C17-C20). The measurements were conducted in the temperature range from the melting point up to 60 °C above. Comparison of crystallization heats for AVC activated and steady melts with melting heats of AVC-CZ and conventional CZ produced powders allowed to propose the energy diagram of NaNO3 states for activated and non-activated melts and crystals based on DTA, XRD, DSC and Raman experimental data.

Electronegativity and hardness as coordinates in structure stability diagrams.

PubMed Central

Shankar, S; Parr, R G

1985-01-01

With electronegativity and hardness of an atom defined as 1/2(I + A) and 1/2(I - A), respectively, where I and A are the ionization potential and electron affinity, electronegativity difference and hardness sum are proposed as coordinates in structure stability diagrams. With these coordinates a successful topological classification of the crystal structures of octet and suboctet binary compounds is obtained, and a clear delineation of the structural classes portraying chemical periodicity is found. PMID:3855552

Point Defect Structure of Cr203

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-10-01

Calculation of Electron Hole Mobility ........................ 104 6.2.3 Construction of the Defect Concentration vs. Oxygen Pressure Diagram...1000’ to 16000C ............ 123 7.7 Calculated diffusion coefficient vs. oxygen partial pressure diagram for pure Cr203 at 1100 0 C...127 7.10 Calculated parabolic rate constant vs. oxygen partial pressure diagram for pure Cr203 at

Quantum Monte Carlo study of the phase diagram of solid molecular hydrogen at extreme pressures

PubMed Central

Drummond, N. D.; Monserrat, Bartomeu; Lloyd-Williams, Jonathan H.; Ríos, P. López; Pickard, Chris J.; Needs, R. J.

2015-01-01

Establishing the phase diagram of hydrogen is a major challenge for experimental and theoretical physics. Experiment alone cannot establish the atomic structure of solid hydrogen at high pressure, because hydrogen scatters X-rays only weakly. Instead, our understanding of the atomic structure is largely based on density functional theory (DFT). By comparing Raman spectra for low-energy structures found in DFT searches with experimental spectra, candidate atomic structures have been identified for each experimentally observed phase. Unfortunately, DFT predicts a metallic structure to be energetically favoured at a broad range of pressures up to 400 GPa, where it is known experimentally that hydrogen is non-metallic. Here we show that more advanced theoretical methods (diffusion quantum Monte Carlo calculations) find the metallic structure to be uncompetitive, and predict a phase diagram in reasonable agreement with experiment. This greatly strengthens the claim that the candidate atomic structures accurately model the experimentally observed phases. PMID:26215251

Compare Vehicle Technologies | Transportation Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

electric car diagramming energy storage, power electronics, and climate control components, as well as storage, power electronics, and climate control components, as well as energy flow among components. 3-D control components, as well as energy flow among components. 3-D illustration of electric car diagramming

A research on Performance Efficiency of Rubber Metal Support Structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mkrtychev, Oleg V.; Bunov, Artem A.

2017-11-01

The paper scrutinizes structural behavior of lead rubber bearings by a Chinese manufacturer subjected to a single-component seismic action. Several problems were solved using specialized software complexes, which conducted forth integration of motion equations through the explicit method or response spectrum method. Depending on the calculation method, the diagram of the bearing performance was assumed to be either an actual diagram approximated by an idealized non-linear diagram or an idealized linear diagram with a specific stiffness. The computational model was assumed to be a single-mass oscillator with a lumped mass. The effort undertaken facilitated the investigation of the patterns of horizontal displacement of the bearing top relative to bottom caused by earthquakes modeled as accelerograms with different spectral compositions. The behavior of the support structure was benchmarked against similar supports by another manufacturer. The paper presents the outcomes of the research effort and draws conclusions about the efficiency of using the bearings of this particular type and model.

Effects of Three Diagram Instruction Methods on Transfer of Diagram Comprehension Skills: The Critical Role of Inference While Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cromley, Jennifer G.; Bergey, Bradley W.; Fitzhugh, Shannon; Newcombe, Nora; Wills, Theodore W.; Shipley, Thomas F.; Tanaka, Jacqueline C.

2013-01-01

Can students be taught to better comprehend the diagrams in their textbooks? Can such teaching transfer to uninstructed diagrams in the same domain or even in a new domain? What methods work best for these goals? Building on previous research showing positive results compared to control groups in both laboratory studies and short-term…

33 CFR 208.82 - Hetch Hetchy, Cherry Valley, and Don Pedro Dams and Reservoirs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... flood control all as follows: (a) Storage space in Don Pedro Reservoir shall be kept available for flood-control purposes in accordance with the Flood-Control Storage Reservation Diagram currently in force for... section. The Flood-Control Storage Reservation Diagram in force as of the promulgation of this section is...

33 CFR 208.82 - Hetch Hetchy, Cherry Valley, and Don Pedro Dams and Reservoirs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... flood control all as follows: (a) Storage space in Don Pedro Reservoir shall be kept available for flood-control purposes in accordance with the Flood-Control Storage Reservation Diagram currently in force for... section. The Flood-Control Storage Reservation Diagram in force as of the promulgation of this section is...

The McMillan and Newton polygons of a feedback system and the construction of root loci

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Byrnes, C. I.; Stevens, P. K.

1982-01-01

The local behaviour of root loci around zeros and poles is investigated. This is done by relating the Newton diagrams which arise in the local analysis to the McMillan structure of the open-loop system, by means of what we shall call the McMillan polygon. This geometric construct serves to clarify the precise relationship between the McMillan structure, the principal structure, and the branching patterns of the root loci. In addition, several rules are obtained which are useful in the construction of the root loci of multivariable control systems.

Street Gangs: A Modeling Approach to Evaluating At Risk Youth

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-01

Kaoru Ishikawa (Ryan, 2000; Herrmann, 2001). Ishikawa diagrams stem from the area of quality control but have been used in many other areas such as...Overview................................................................................................................43 Ishikawa Diagram...Figure 1. Example Ishikawa “Fishbone” Diagram.......................................................31 Figure 2. Example Value Hierarchy

The Diagram as Story: Unfolding the Event-Structure of the Mathematical Diagram

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Freitas, Elizabeth

2012-01-01

This paper explores the role of narrative in decoding diagrams. I focus on two fundamental facets of narrative: (1) the recounting of causally related sequences of events, and (2) the positioning of the narrator through point-of-view and voice. In the first two sections of the paper I discuss philosophical and semiotic frameworks for making sense…

Representing causal knowledge in environmental policy interventions: Advantages and opportunities for qualitative influence diagram applications.

PubMed

Carriger, John F; Dyson, Brian E; Benson, William H

2018-05-01

This article develops and explores a methodology for using qualitative influence diagrams in environmental policy and management to support decision-making efforts that minimize risk and increase resiliency. Influence diagrams are representations of the conditional aspects of a problem domain. Their graphical properties are useful for structuring causal knowledge relevant to policy interventions and can be used to enhance inference and inclusivity of multiple viewpoints. Qualitative components of influence diagrams are beneficial tools for identifying and examining the interactions among the critical variables in complex policy development and implementation. Policy interventions on social-environmental systems can be intuitively diagrammed for representing knowledge of critical relationships among economic, environmental, and social attributes. Examples relevant to coastal resiliency issues in the US Gulf Coast region are developed to illustrate model structures for developing qualitative influence diagrams useful for clarifying important policy intervention issues and enhancing transparency in decision making. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:381-394. Published 2018. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Published 2018. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Issues to be Considered in the Evaluation of Technical Proposals from the Ada (Trademark) Language Perspective.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-10

flowcharts - hierarchical charts - data flow diagrams - finite state diagrams - control flow diagrams - decision tables/trees - entity-relationship...and beginners ; for example, is prompting via menus provided for beginners and single keystroke capability provided for experienced users? 2-13 - input

77 FR 11520 - Commission Information Collection Activities; Comment Request; Extension

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-27

..., Gas Pipeline Certificates: Annual Reports of System Flow Diagrams and System Capacity. DATES: Comments... Certificates: Annual Reports of System Flow Diagrams and System Capacity. OMB Control No.: 1902-0005. Type of... June 1 of each year, diagrams reflecting operating conditions on the pipeline's main transmission...

Ferromagnetic quantum criticality: New aspects from the phase diagram of LaCrGe3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taufour, Valentin; Kaluarachchi, Udhara S.; Bud'ko, Sergey L.; Canfield, Paul C.

2018-05-01

Recent theoretical and experimental studies have shown that ferromagnetic quantum criticality is always avoided in clean systems. Two possibilities have been identified. In the first scenario, the ferromagnetic transition becomes of the first order at a tricritical point before being suppressed. A wing structure phase diagram is observed indicating the possibility of a new type of quantum critical point under magnetic field. In a second scenario, a transition to a modulated magnetic phase occurs. Our recent studies on the compound LaCrGe3 illustrate a third scenario where not only a new magnetic phase occurs, but also a change of order of the transition at a tricritical point leading to a wing-structure phase diagram. Careful experimental study of the phase diagram near the tricritical point also illustrates new rules near this type of point.

Seminar on Understanding Digital Control and Analysis in Vibration Test Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

The advantages of the digital methods over the analog vibration methods are demonstrated. The following topics are covered: (1) methods of computer-controlled random vibration and reverberation acoustic testing, (2) methods of computer-controlled sinewave vibration testing, and (3) methods of computer-controlled shock testing. General algorithms are described in the form of block diagrams and flow diagrams.

Molecular Effects on Coacervate-Driven Block Copolymer Self Assembly

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lytle, Tyer; Radhakrishna, Mithun; Sing, Charles

Two oppositely charged polymers can undergo associative phase separation in a salt solution in a process known as \\x98complex coacervation. Recent work has used this as a motif to control the self-assembly behavior of a mixture of oppositely-charged block copolymers which form nanoscale structures. The materials formed from these complex coacervate-block copolymers (BCPs) have potential use as drug delivery systems, gels, and sensors. We have developed a hybrid Monte Carlo-Single Chain in a Mean Field (MC-SCMF) simulation method that is able to determine morphological phase diagrams for BCPs. This technique is an efficient way to calculate morphological phase diagrams and provides a clear link between molecular level features and self-assembly behaviors. Morphological phase diagrams showing the effects of polymer concentration, salt concentration, chain length, and charge-block fraction at large charge densities on self-assembly behavior have been determined. An unexpected phase transition from disorder to hexagonal packing at large salt concentrations has been observed for charge-block fractions equal to and larger than 0.5. This is attributed to the salt filling space stabilizing the morphology of the BCP.

Flight control systems properties and problems. Volume 2: Block diagram compendium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnston, D. E.

1975-01-01

A compendium of stability augmentation system and autopilot block diagrams is presented. Descriptive materials for 48 different types of aircraft systems are provided. A broad representation of the many mechanical approaches which have been used for aircraft control is developed.

Protein Denaturation on p-T Axes--Thermodynamics and Analysis.

PubMed

Smeller, László

2015-01-01

Proteins are essential players in the vast majority of molecular level life processes. Since their structure is in most cases substantial for their correct function, study of their structural changes attracted great interest in the past decades. The three dimensional structure of proteins is influenced by several factors including temperature, pH, presence of chaotropic and cosmotropic agents, or presence of denaturants. Although pressure is an equally important thermodynamic parameter as temperature, pressure studies are considerably less frequent in the literature, probably due to the technical difficulties associated to the pressure studies. Although the first steps in the high-pressure protein study have been done 100 years ago with Bridgman's ground breaking work, the field was silent until the modern spectroscopic techniques allowed the characterization of the protein structural changes, while the protein was under pressure. Recently a number of proteins were studied under pressure, and complete pressure-temperature phase diagrams were determined for several of them. This review summarizes the thermodynamic background of the typical elliptic p-T phase diagram, its limitations and the possible reasons for deviations of the experimental diagrams from the theoretical one. Finally we show some examples of experimentally determined pressure-temperature phase diagrams.

Assessing Educational Processes Using Total-Quality-Management Measurement Tools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Macchia, Peter, Jr.

1993-01-01

Discussion of the use of Total Quality Management (TQM) assessment tools in educational settings highlights and gives examples of fishbone diagrams, or cause and effect charts; Pareto diagrams; control charts; histograms and check sheets; scatter diagrams; and flowcharts. Variation and quality are discussed in terms of continuous process…

Borate mineral assemblages in the system Na2OCaOMgOB2O3H2O

USGS Publications Warehouse

Christ, C.L.; Truesdell, A.H.; Erd, Richard C.

1967-01-01

he significant known hydrated borate mineral assemblages (principally of the western United States) in the system Na2OCaOz.sbnd;MgOB2O3H2O are expressible in three ternary composition diagrams. Phase rule interpretation of the diagrams is consistent with observation, if the activity of H2O is generally considered to be determined by the geologic environment. The absence of conflicting tie-lines on a diagram indicates that the several mineral assemblages of the diagram were formed under relatively narrow ranges of temperature and pressure. The known structural as well as empirical formulas for the minerals are listed, and the more recent (since 1960) crystal structure findings are discussed briefly. Schematic Gibbs free energy-composition diagrams based on known solubility-temperature relations in the systems Na2B4O7-H2O and Na2B4O7-NaCl-H2O, are highly useful in the interpretation and prediction of the stability relations in these systems; in particular these diagrams indicate clearly that tincalconite, although geologically important, is everywhere a metastable phase. Crystal-chemical considerations indicate that the same thermodynamic and kinetic behavior observed in the Na2B4O7-H2O system will hold in the Ca2B6O11-H2O system. This conclusion is confirmed by the petrologic evidence. The chemical relations among the mineral assemblages of a ternary diagram are expressed by a schematic "activity-activity" diagram. These activity-activity diagrams permit the tracing-out of the paragenetic sequences as a function of changing cation and H2O activities. ?? 1967.

Construction of a Penrose Diagram for a Spatially Coherent Evaporating Black Hole

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, Beth A.; Lindesay, James

2007-01-01

A Penrose diagram is constructed for an example black hole that evaporates at a steady rate as measured by a distant observer, until the mass vanishes, yielding a final state Minkowski space-time. Coordinate dependencies of significant features, such as the horizon and coordinate anomalies, are clearly demonstrated on the diagram. The large-scale causal structure of the space-time is briefly discussed.

Construction of Penrose Diagrams for Dynamic Black Holes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, Beth A.; Lindesay, James

2008-01-01

A set of Penrose diagrams is constructed in order to examine the large-scale causal structure of black holes with dynamic horizons. Coordinate dependencies of significant features, such as the event horizon and radial mass scale, are demonstrated on the diagrams. Unlike in static Schwarzschild geometries, the radial mass scale is clearly seen to differ from the horizon. Trajectories for photons near the horizon are briefly discussed.

Drawing Connections Across Conceptually Related Visual Representations in Science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hansen, Janice

This dissertation explored beliefs about learning from multiple related visual representations in science, and compared beliefs to learning outcomes. Three research questions were explored: 1) What beliefs do pre-service teachers, non-educators and children have about learning from visual representations? 2) What format of presenting those representations is most effective for learning? And, 3) Can children's ability to process conceptually related science diagrams be enhanced with added support? Three groups of participants, 89 pre-service teachers, 211 adult non-educators, and 385 middle school children, were surveyed about whether they felt related visual representations presented serially or simultaneously would lead to better learning outcomes. Two experiments, one with adults and one with child participants, explored the validity of these beliefs. Pre-service teachers did not endorse either serial or simultaneous related visual representations for their own learning. They were, however, significantly more likely to indicate that children would learn better from serially presented diagrams. In direct contrast to the educators, middle school students believed they would learn better from related visual representations presented simultaneously. Experimental data indicated that the beliefs adult non-educators held about their own learning needs matched learning outcomes. These participants endorsed simultaneous presentation of related diagrams for their own learning. When comparing learning from related diagrams presented simultaneously to learning from the same diagrams presented serially indicate that those in the simultaneously condition were able to create more complex mental models. A second experiment compared children's learning from related diagrams across four randomly-assigned conditions: serial, simultaneous, simultaneous with signaling, and simultaneous with structure mapping support. Providing middle school students with simultaneous related diagrams with support for structure mapping led to a lessened reliance on surface features, and a better understanding of the science concepts presented. These findings suggest that presenting diagrams serially in an effort to reduce cognitive load may not be preferable for learning if making connections across representations, and by extension across science concepts, is desired. Instead, providing simultaneous diagrams with structure mapping support may result in greater attention to the salient relationships between related visual representations as well as between the representations and the science concepts they depict.

Students' Visualization of Diagrams Representing the Human Circulatory System: The use of spatial isomorphism and representational conventions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Maurice M. W.; Gilbert, John K.

2015-01-01

This study investigated students' interpretation of diagrams representing the human circulatory system. We conducted an interview study with three students aged 14-15 (Year 10) who were studying biology in a Hong Kong school. During the interviews, students were asked to interpret diagrams and relationships between diagrams that represented aspects of the circulatory system. All diagrams used in the interviews had been used by their teacher when teaching the topic. Students' interpretations were expressed by their verbal response and their drawing. Dual coding theory was used to interpret students' responses. There was evidence that one student relied on verbal recall as a strategy in interpreting diagrams. It was found that students might have relied unduly on similarities in spatial features, rather than on deeper meanings represented by conventions, of diagrams when they associated diagrams that represented different aspects of the circulatory system. A pattern of students' understanding of structure-behaviour-function relationship of the biological system was observed. This study suggests the importance of a consistent diagrammatic and verbal representation in communicating scientific ideas. Implications for teaching practice that facilitates learning with diagrams and address students' undue focus on spatial features of diagrams are discussed.

Reducing Electroosmotic Flow Enables DNA Separations in Ultrathin Channels.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-08-01

Chemical structure of DNA bases 2 Figure 1-2: Schematic diagram of DNA base pairing 5 Figure 1-3: Schematic diagram of the capillary and the...hydrogen atoms near one of the Figure 1-1: A. Chemical structure of the DNA backbone. B. Chemical structure of DNA bases . The DNA backbone consists...of pentose sugar (deoxyribose) held together by phosphodiester bonds. The DNA bases that are derivatives of purine are adenine (A) and guanine (G

c-T phase diagram and Landau free energies of (AgAu)55 nanoalloy via neural-network molecular dynamic simulations.

PubMed

Chiriki, Siva; Jindal, Shweta; Bulusu, Satya S

2017-10-21

For understanding the structure, dynamics, and thermal stability of (AgAu) 55 nanoalloys, knowledge of the composition-temperature (c-T) phase diagram is essential due to the explicit dependence of properties on composition and temperature. Experimentally, generating the phase diagrams is very challenging, and therefore theoretical insight is necessary. We use an artificial neural network potential for (AgAu) 55 nanoalloys. Predicted global minimum structures for pure gold and gold rich compositions are lower in energy compared to previous reports by density functional theory. The present work based on c-T phase diagram, surface area, surface charge, probability of isomers, and Landau free energies supports the enhancement of catalytic property of Ag-Au nanoalloys by incorporation of Ag up to 24% by composition in Au nanoparticles as found experimentally. The phase diagram shows that there is a coexistence temperature range of 70 K for Ag 28 Au 27 compared to all other compositions. We propose the power spectrum coefficients derived from spherical harmonics as an order parameter to calculate Landau free energies.

Ferromagnetic quantum criticality: New aspects from the phase diagram of LaCrGe 3

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Taufour, Valentin; Kaluarachchi, Udhara S.; Bud'ko, Sergey L.

Some Recent theoretical and experimental studies have shown that ferromagnetic quantum criticality is always avoided in clean systems. Two possibilities have been identified. In the first scenario, the ferromagnetic transition becomes of the first order at a tricritical point before being suppressed. A wing structure phase diagram is observed indicating the possibility of a new type of quantum critical point under magnetic field. In a second scenario, a transition to a modulated magnetic phase occurs. Our earlier studies on the compound LaCrGe 3 illustrate a third scenario where not only a new magnetic phase occurs, but also a change ofmore » order of the transition at a tricritical point leading to a wing-structure phase diagram. Careful experimental study of the phase diagram near the tricritical point also illustrates new rules near this type of point.« less

Ferromagnetic quantum criticality: New aspects from the phase diagram of LaCrGe 3

DOE PAGES

Taufour, Valentin; Kaluarachchi, Udhara S.; Bud'ko, Sergey L.; ...

2017-08-25

Some Recent theoretical and experimental studies have shown that ferromagnetic quantum criticality is always avoided in clean systems. Two possibilities have been identified. In the first scenario, the ferromagnetic transition becomes of the first order at a tricritical point before being suppressed. A wing structure phase diagram is observed indicating the possibility of a new type of quantum critical point under magnetic field. In a second scenario, a transition to a modulated magnetic phase occurs. Our earlier studies on the compound LaCrGe 3 illustrate a third scenario where not only a new magnetic phase occurs, but also a change ofmore » order of the transition at a tricritical point leading to a wing-structure phase diagram. Careful experimental study of the phase diagram near the tricritical point also illustrates new rules near this type of point.« less

Updating the Nomographical Diagrams for Dimensioning the Beams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pop, Maria T.

2015-12-01

In order to reduce the time period needed for structures design it is strongly recommended to use nomographical diagrams. The base for formation and updating the nomographical diagrams, stands on the charts presented by different technical publications. The updated charts use the same algorithm and calculation elements as the former diagrams in accordance to the latest prescriptions and European standards. The result consists in a chart, having the same properties, similar with the nomogragraphical diagrams already in us. As a general conclusion, even in our days, the nomographical diagrams are very easy to use. Taking into consideration the value of the moment it's easy to find out the necessary reinforcement area and vice-verse, having the reinforcement area you can find out the capable moment. It still remains a useful opportunity for pre-sizing and designs the reinforced concrete sections.

R-chie: a web server and R package for visualizing RNA secondary structures

PubMed Central

Lai, Daniel; Proctor, Jeff R.; Zhu, Jing Yun A.; Meyer, Irmtraud M.

2012-01-01

Visually examining RNA structures can greatly aid in understanding their potential functional roles and in evaluating the performance of structure prediction algorithms. As many functional roles of RNA structures can already be studied given the secondary structure of the RNA, various methods have been devised for visualizing RNA secondary structures. Most of these methods depict a given RNA secondary structure as a planar graph consisting of base-paired stems interconnected by roundish loops. In this article, we present an alternative method of depicting RNA secondary structure as arc diagrams. This is well suited for structures that are difficult or impossible to represent as planar stem-loop diagrams. Arc diagrams can intuitively display pseudo-knotted structures, as well as transient and alternative structural features. In addition, they facilitate the comparison of known and predicted RNA secondary structures. An added benefit is that structure information can be displayed in conjunction with a corresponding multiple sequence alignments, thereby highlighting structure and primary sequence conservation and variation. We have implemented the visualization algorithm as a web server R-chie as well as a corresponding R package called R4RNA, which allows users to run the software locally and across a range of common operating systems. PMID:22434875

Completely inelastic ball.

PubMed

Gilet, T; Vandewalle, N; Dorbolo, S

2009-05-01

This Rapid Communication presents an analytical study of the bouncing of a completely inelastic ball on a vertically vibrated plate. The interplay of saddle-node and period-doubling bifurcations leads to an intricate structure of the bifurcation diagram with uncommon properties, such as an infinity of bifurcation cascades in a finite range of the control parameter Gamma. A pseudochaotic behavior, consisting in arbitrarily long and complex periodic sequences, is observed through this generic system.

Completely inelastic ball

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gilet, T.; Vandewalle, N.; Dorbolo, S.

2009-05-01

This Rapid Communication presents an analytical study of the bouncing of a completely inelastic ball on a vertically vibrated plate. The interplay of saddle-node and period-doubling bifurcations leads to an intricate structure of the bifurcation diagram with uncommon properties, such as an infinity of bifurcation cascades in a finite range of the control parameter Γ . A pseudochaotic behavior, consisting in arbitrarily long and complex periodic sequences, is observed through this generic system.

Phase diagram of heteronuclear Janus dumbbells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Toole, Patrick; Giacometti, Achille; Hudson, Toby

Using Aggregation-Volume-Bias Monte Carlo simulations along with Successive Umbrella Sampling and Histogram Re-weighting, we study the phase diagram of a system of dumbbells formed by two touching spheres having variable sizes, as well as different interaction properties. The first sphere ($h$) interacts with all other spheres belonging to different dumbbells with a hard-sphere potential. The second sphere ($s$) interacts via a square-well interaction with other $s$ spheres belonging to different dumbbells and with a hard-sphere potential with all remaining $h$ spheres. We focus on the region where the $s$ sphere is larger than the $h$ sphere, as measured by a parameter $1\\le \\alpha\\le 2 $ controlling the relative size of the two spheres. As $\\alpha \\to 2$ a simple fluid of square-well spheres is recovered, whereas $\\alpha \\to 1$ corresponds to the Janus dumbbell limit, where the $h$ and $s$ spheres have equal sizes. Many phase diagrams falling into three classes are observed, depending on the value of $\\alpha$. The $1.8 \\le \\alpha \\le 2$ is dominated by a gas-liquid phase separation very similar to that of a pure square-well fluid with varied critical temperature and density. When $1.3 \\le \\alpha \\le 1.8$ we find a progressive destabilization of the gas-liquid phase diagram by the onset of self-assembled structures, that eventually lead to a metastability of the gas-liquid transition below $\\alpha=1.2$.

Numerical calculation of Kossel diagrams of cholesteric blue phases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fukuda, Jun-ichi; Okumura, Yasushi; Kikuchi, Hirotsugu

2018-02-01

Kossel diagrams visualize the directions of strong Bragg reflections from a specimen with periodic ordering. They have played a pivotal role in the determination of the symmetry of cholesteric blue phases, and in the investigation of their structural changes under an electric field. In this work, we present direct numerical calculations of the Kossel diagrams of cholesteric blue phases by solving the Maxwell equations for the transmission and reflection of light incident upon a finite-thickness blue phase cell. Calculated Kossel diagrams are in good agreement with what is expected as a result of Bragg reflections, although some differences are present.

A non-ideal portal frame energy harvester controlled using a pendulum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iliuk, I.; Balthazar, J. M.; Tusset, A. M.; Piqueira, J. R. C.; Rodrigues de Pontes, B.; Felix, J. L. P.; Bueno, Á. M.

2013-09-01

A model of energy harvester based on a simple portal frame structure is presented. The system is considered to be non-ideal system (NIS) due to interaction with the energy source, a DC motor with limited power supply and the system structure. The nonlinearities present in the piezoelectric material are considered in the piezoelectric coupling mathematical model. The system is a bi-stable Duffing oscillator presenting a chaotic behavior. Analyzing the average power variation, and bifurcation diagrams, the value of the control variable that optimizes power or average value that stabilizes the chaotic system in the periodic orbit is determined. The control sensitivity is determined to parametric errors in the damping and stiffness parameters of the portal frame. The proposed passive control technique uses a simple pendulum to tuned to the vibration of the structure to improve the energy harvesting. The results show that with the implementation of the control strategy it is possible to eliminate the need for active or semi active control, usually more complex. The control also provides a way to regulate the energy captured to a desired operating frequency.

Asymptotic laws for random knot diagrams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chapman, Harrison

2017-06-01

We study random knotting by considering knot and link diagrams as decorated, (rooted) topological maps on spheres and pulling them uniformly from among sets of a given number of vertices n, as first established in recent work with Cantarella and Mastin. The knot diagram model is an exciting new model which captures both the random geometry of space curve models of knotting as well as the ease of computing invariants from diagrams. We prove that unknot diagrams are asymptotically exponentially rare, an analogue of Sumners and Whittington’s landmark result for self-avoiding polygons. Our proof uses the same key idea: we first show that knot diagrams obey a pattern theorem, which describes their fractal structure. We examine how quickly this behavior occurs in practice. As a consequence, almost all diagrams are asymmetric, simplifying sampling from this model. We conclude with experimental data on knotting in this model. This model of random knotting is similar to those studied by Diao et al, and Dunfield et al.

Collaborative diagramming during problem based learning in medical education: Do computerized diagrams support basic science knowledge construction?

PubMed

De Leng, Bas; Gijlers, Hannie

2015-05-01

To examine how collaborative diagramming affects discussion and knowledge construction when learning complex basic science topics in medical education, including its effectiveness in the reformulation phase of problem-based learning. Opinions and perceptions of students (n = 70) and tutors (n = 4) who used collaborative diagramming in tutorial groups were collected with a questionnaire and focus group discussions. A framework derived from the analysis of discourse in computer-supported collaborative leaning was used to construct the questionnaire. Video observations were used during the focus group discussions. Both students and tutors felt that collaborative diagramming positively affected discussion and knowledge construction. Students particularly appreciated that diagrams helped them to structure knowledge, to develop an overview of topics, and stimulated them to find relationships between topics. Tutors emphasized that diagramming increased interaction and enhanced the focus and detail of the discussion. Favourable conditions were the following: working with a shared whiteboard, using a diagram format that facilitated distribution, and applying half filled-in diagrams for non-content expert tutors and\\or for heterogeneous groups with low achieving students. The empirical findings in this study support the findings of earlier more descriptive studies that diagramming in a collaborative setting is valuable for learning complex knowledge in medicine.

Reliability/safety analysis of a fly-by-wire system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brock, L. D.; Goddman, H. A.

1980-01-01

An analysis technique has been developed to estimate the reliability of a very complex, safety-critical system by constructing a diagram of the reliability equations for the total system. This diagram has many of the characteristics of a fault-tree or success-path diagram, but is much easier to construct for complex redundant systems. The diagram provides insight into system failure characteristics and identifies the most likely failure modes. A computer program aids in the construction of the diagram and the computation of reliability. Analysis of the NASA F-8 Digital Fly-by-Wire Flight Control System is used to illustrate the technique.

Novel phase diagram behavior and materials design in heterostructural semiconductor alloys

PubMed Central

Holder, Aaron M.; Siol, Sebastian; Ndione, Paul F.; Peng, Haowei; Deml, Ann M.; Matthews, Bethany E.; Schelhas, Laura T.; Toney, Michael F.; Gordon, Roy G.; Tumas, William; Perkins, John D.; Ginley, David S.; Gorman, Brian P.; Tate, Janet; Zakutayev, Andriy; Lany, Stephan

2017-01-01

Structure and composition control the behavior of materials. Isostructural alloying is historically an extremely successful approach for tuning materials properties, but it is often limited by binodal and spinodal decomposition, which correspond to the thermodynamic solubility limit and the stability against composition fluctuations, respectively. We show that heterostructural alloys can exhibit a markedly increased range of metastable alloy compositions between the binodal and spinodal lines, thereby opening up a vast phase space for novel homogeneous single-phase alloys. We distinguish two types of heterostructural alloys, that is, those between commensurate and incommensurate phases. Because of the structural transition around the critical composition, the properties change in a highly nonlinear or even discontinuous fashion, providing a mechanism for materials design that does not exist in conventional isostructural alloys. The novel phase diagram behavior follows from standard alloy models using mixing enthalpies from first-principles calculations. Thin-film deposition demonstrates the viability of the synthesis of these metastable single-phase domains and validates the computationally predicted phase separation mechanism above the upper temperature bound of the nonequilibrium single-phase region. PMID:28630928

Novel phase diagram behavior and materials design in heterostructural semiconductor alloys.

PubMed

Holder, Aaron M; Siol, Sebastian; Ndione, Paul F; Peng, Haowei; Deml, Ann M; Matthews, Bethany E; Schelhas, Laura T; Toney, Michael F; Gordon, Roy G; Tumas, William; Perkins, John D; Ginley, David S; Gorman, Brian P; Tate, Janet; Zakutayev, Andriy; Lany, Stephan

2017-06-01

Structure and composition control the behavior of materials. Isostructural alloying is historically an extremely successful approach for tuning materials properties, but it is often limited by binodal and spinodal decomposition, which correspond to the thermodynamic solubility limit and the stability against composition fluctuations, respectively. We show that heterostructural alloys can exhibit a markedly increased range of metastable alloy compositions between the binodal and spinodal lines, thereby opening up a vast phase space for novel homogeneous single-phase alloys. We distinguish two types of heterostructural alloys, that is, those between commensurate and incommensurate phases. Because of the structural transition around the critical composition, the properties change in a highly nonlinear or even discontinuous fashion, providing a mechanism for materials design that does not exist in conventional isostructural alloys. The novel phase diagram behavior follows from standard alloy models using mixing enthalpies from first-principles calculations. Thin-film deposition demonstrates the viability of the synthesis of these metastable single-phase domains and validates the computationally predicted phase separation mechanism above the upper temperature bound of the nonequilibrium single-phase region.

Novel phase diagram behavior and materials design in heterostructural semiconductor alloys

DOE PAGES

Holder, Aaron M.; Siol, Sebastian; Ndione, Paul F.; ...

2017-06-07

Structure and composition control the behavior of materials. Isostructural alloying is historically an extremely successful approach for tuning materials properties, but it is often limited by binodal and spinodal decomposition, which correspond to the thermodynamic solubility limit and the stability against composition fluctuations, respectively. We show that heterostructural alloys can exhibit a markedly increased range of metastable alloy compositions between the binodal and spinodal lines, thereby opening up a vast phase space for novel homogeneous single-phase alloys. We distinguish two types of heterostructural alloys, that is, those between commensurate and incommensurate phases. Because of the structural transition around the criticalmore » composition, the properties change in a highly nonlinear or even discontinuous fashion, providing a mechanism for materials design that does not exist in conventional isostructural alloys. The novel phase diagram behavior follows from standard alloy models using mixing enthalpies from first-principles calculations. Furthermore, thin-film deposition demonstrates the viability of the synthesis of these metastable single-phase domains and validates the computationally predicted phase separation mechanism above the upper temperature bound of the nonequilibrium single-phase region.« less

Vision-Based UAV Flight Control and Obstacle Avoidance

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

denoted it by Vb = (Vb1, Vb2 , Vb3). Fig. 2 shows the block diagram of the proposed vision-based motion analysis and obstacle avoidance system. We denote...structure analysis often involve computation- intensive computer vision tasks, such as feature extraction and geometric modeling. Computation-intensive...First, we extract a set of features from each block. 2) Second, we compute the distance between these two sets of features. In conventional motion

Properties of PMR Polyimides Improved by Preparation of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Nanocomposites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Campbell, Sandi G.; Lee, Andre

2005-01-01

The field of hybrid organic-inorganic materials has grown drastically over the last several years. This interest stems from our ever-increasing ability to custom-build and control molecular structure at several length scales. This ability to control both the composition and structure of hybrid materials is sometimes broadly referred to as nanocomposite systems. One class of hybrid (organic-inorganic) nanostructured material is polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), shown in the preceding diagram. The hybrid composition gives POSS materials dramatically enhanced properties relative to traditional hydrocarbons and inorganics. An important benefit of this technology is that it makes possible the formulations of nanostructured chemicals with excellent thermal and oxidative stability. This is largely due to the inorganic component.

Features of tuned mass damper behavior under strong earthquakes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nesterova, Olga; Uzdin, Alexander; Fedorova, Maria

2018-05-01

Plastic deformations, cracks and destruction of structure members appear in the constructions under strong earthquakes. Therefore constructions are characterized by a nonlinear deformation diagram. Two types of construction non-linearity are considered in the paper. The first type of nonlinearity is elastoplastic one. In this case, plastic deformations occur in the structural elements, and when the element is unloaded, its properties restores. Among such diagrams are the Prandtl diagram, the Prandtl diagram with hardening, the Ramberg-Osgood diagram and others. For systems with such nonlinearity there is an amplitude-frequency characteristic and resonance oscillation frequencies. In this case one can pick up the most dangerous accelerograms for the construction. The second type of nonlinearity is nonlinearity with degrading rigidity and dependence of behavior on the general loading history. The Kirikov-Amankulov model is one of such ones. Its behavior depends on the maximum displacement in the stress history. Such systems do not have gain frequency characteristic and resonance frequency. The period of oscillation of such system is increasing during the system loading, and the system eigen frequency decreases to zero at the time of collapse. In the cases under consideration, when investigating the system with MD behavior, the authors proposed new efficiency criteria. These include the work of plastic deformation forces for the first type of nonlinearity, which determines the possibility of progressive collapse or low cycle fatigue of the structure members. The period of system oscillations and the time to collapse of the structural support members are the criterion for systems with degrading rigidity. In the case of non-linear system behavior, the efficiency of MD application decreases, because the fundamental structure period is reduced because of structure damages and the MD will be rebound from the blanking regime. However, the MD using can significantly reduce the damageability of the protected object.

Self-assembly in densely grafted macromolecules with amphiphilic monomer units: diagram of states.

PubMed

Lazutin, A A; Vasilevskaya, V V; Khokhlov, A R

2017-11-22

By means of computer modelling, the self-organization of dense planar brushes of macromolecules with amphiphilic monomer units was addressed and their state diagram was constructed. The diagram of states includes the following regions: disordered position of monomer units with respect to each other, strands composed of a few polymer chains and lamellae with different domain spacing. The transformation of lamellae structures with different domain spacing occurred within the intermediate region and could proceed through the formation of so-called parking garage structures. The parking garage structure joins the lamellae with large (on the top of the brushes) and small (close to the grafted surface) domain spacing, which appears like a system of inclined locally parallel layers connected with each other by bridges. The parking garage structures were observed for incompatible A and B groups in selective solvents, which result in aggregation of the side B groups and dense packing of amphiphilic macromolecules in the restricted volume of the planar brushes.

Adaptive Diagrams: Handing Control over to the Learner to Manage Split-Attention Online

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agostinho, Shirley; Tindall-Ford, Sharon; Roodenrys, Kylie

2013-01-01

Based on cognitive load theory, it is well known that when studying a diagram that includes explanatory text, optimal learning occurs when the text is physically positioned close to the diagram as it eliminates the need for learners to split their attention between the two sources of information. What is not known is the effect on learning when…

Constraints on the merging of the transition lines at the tricritical point in a wing-structure phase diagram

DOE PAGES

Taufour, Valentin; Kaluarachchi, Udhara S.; Kogan, Vladimir G.

2016-08-19

Here, we consider the phase diagram of a ferromagnetic system driven to a quantum phase transition with a tuning parameter $p$. Before being suppressed, the transition becomes of the first order at a tricritical point, from which wings emerge under application of the magnetic field H in the T $-$ p $-$ H phase diagram. We show that the edge of the wings merge with tangent slopes at the tricritical point.

Using WYSIWYG GUI Tools with UML

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

diagram that shows the ports through which it sends and receives messages to and from other active classes. The behavior is described using a state...software that talks to its environment through ports (specified in the structure diagram), and performs actions as it transitions through a sequence of...used to trigger actions on the state diagram. As a result, the stimulus to these events is pro- vided by the system itself in the case of the timer port

The phase diagram of solid hydrogen at high pressure: A challenge for first principles calculations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Azadi, Sam; Foulkes, Matthew

2015-03-01

We present comprehensive results for the high-pressure phase diagram of solid hydrogen. We focus on the energetically most favorable molecular and atomic crystal structures. To obtain the ground-state static enthalpy and phase diagram, we use semi-local and hybrid density functional theory (DFT) as well as diffusion quantum Monte Carlo (DMC) methods. The closure of the band gap with increasing pressure is investigated utilizing quasi-particle many-body calculations within the GW approximation. The dynamical phase diagram is calculated by adding proton zero-point energies (ZPE) to static enthalpies. Density functional perturbation theory is employed to calculate the proton ZPE and the infra-red and Raman spectra. Our results clearly demonstrate the failure of DFT-based methods to provide an accurate static phase diagram, especially when comparing insulating and metallic phases. Our dynamical phase diagram obtained using fully many-body DMC calculations shows that the molecular-to-atomic phase transition happens at the experimentally accessible pressure of 374 GPa. We claim that going beyond mean-field schemes to obtain derivatives of the total energy and optimize crystal structures at the many-body level is crucial. This work was supported by the UK engineering and physics science research council under Grant EP/I030190/1, and made use of computing facilities provided by HECTOR, and by the Imperial College London high performance computing centre.

Pathways of Understanding: the Interactions of Humanity and Global Environmental Change

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jacobson, Harold K.; Katzenberger, John; Lousma, Jack; Mooney, Harold A.; Moss, Richard H.; Kuhn, William; Luterbacher, Urs; Wiegandt, Ellen

1992-01-01

How humans, interacting within social systems, affect and are affected by global change is explored. Recognizing the impact human activities have on the environment and responding to the need to document the interactions among human activities, the Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) commissioned a group of 12 scientists to develop a framework illustrating the key human systems that contribute to global change. This framework, called the Social Process Diagram, will help natural and social scientists, educators, resource managers and policy makers envision and analyze how human systems interact among themselves and with the natural system. The Social Process Diagram consists of the following blocks that constitute the Diagram's structural framework: (1) fund of knowledge and experience; (2) preferences and expectations; (3) factors of production and technology; (4) population and social structure; (5) economic systems; (6) political systems and institutions; and (7) global scale environmental processes. To demonstrate potential ways the Diagram can be used, this document includes 3 hypothetical scenarios of global change issues: global warming and sea level rise; the environmental impact of human population migration; and energy and the environment. These scenarios demonstrate the Diagram's usefulness for visualizing specific processes that might be studied to evaluate a particular global change issues. The scenario also shows that interesting and unanticipated questions may emerge as links are explored between categories on the Diagram.

Voroprot: an interactive tool for the analysis and visualization of complex geometric features of protein structure.

PubMed

Olechnovic, Kliment; Margelevicius, Mindaugas; Venclovas, Ceslovas

2011-03-01

We present Voroprot, an interactive cross-platform software tool that provides a unique set of capabilities for exploring geometric features of protein structure. Voroprot allows the construction and visualization of the Apollonius diagram (also known as the additively weighted Voronoi diagram), the Apollonius graph, protein alpha shapes, interatomic contact surfaces, solvent accessible surfaces, pockets and cavities inside protein structure. Voroprot is available for Windows, Linux and Mac OS X operating systems and can be downloaded from http://www.ibt.lt/bioinformatics/voroprot/.

Software design specification. Part 2: Orbital Flight Test (OFT) detailed design specification. Volume 3: Applications. Book 2: System management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

The functions performed by the systems management (SM) application software are described along with the design employed to accomplish these functions. The operational sequences (OPS) control segments and the cyclic processes they control are defined. The SM specialist function control (SPEC) segments and the display controlled 'on-demand' processes that are invoked by either an OPS or SPEC control segment as a direct result of an item entry to a display are included. Each processing element in the SM application is described including an input/output table and a structured control flow diagram. The flow through the module and other information pertinent to that process and its interfaces to other processes are included.

R2R--software to speed the depiction of aesthetic consensus RNA secondary structures.

PubMed

Weinberg, Zasha; Breaker, Ronald R

2011-01-04

With continuing identification of novel structured noncoding RNAs, there is an increasing need to create schematic diagrams showing the consensus features of these molecules. RNA structural diagrams are typically made either with general-purpose drawing programs like Adobe Illustrator, or with automated or interactive programs specific to RNA. Unfortunately, the use of applications like Illustrator is extremely time consuming, while existing RNA-specific programs produce figures that are useful, but usually not of the same aesthetic quality as those produced at great cost in Illustrator. Additionally, most existing RNA-specific applications are designed for drawing single RNA molecules, not consensus diagrams. We created R2R, a computer program that facilitates the generation of aesthetic and readable drawings of RNA consensus diagrams in a fraction of the time required with general-purpose drawing programs. Since the inference of a consensus RNA structure typically requires a multiple-sequence alignment, the R2R user annotates the alignment with commands directing the layout and annotation of the RNA. R2R creates SVG or PDF output that can be imported into Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape or CorelDRAW. R2R can be used to create consensus sequence and secondary structure models for novel RNA structures or to revise models when new representatives for known RNA classes become available. Although R2R does not currently have a graphical user interface, it has proven useful in our efforts to create 100 schematic models of distinct noncoding RNA classes. R2R makes it possible to obtain high-quality drawings of the consensus sequence and structural models of many diverse RNA structures with a more practical amount of effort. R2R software is available at http://breaker.research.yale.edu/R2R and as an Additional file.

RH-temperature phase diagrams of hydrate forming deliquescent crystalline ingredients.

PubMed

Allan, Matthew; Mauer, Lisa J

2017-12-01

Several common deliquescent crystalline food ingredients (including glucose and citric acid) are capable of forming crystal hydrate structures. The propensity of such crystals to hydrate/dehydrate or deliquesce is dependent on the environmental temperature and relative humidity (RH). As an anhydrous crystal converts to a crystal hydrate, water molecules internalize into the crystal structure resulting in different physical properties. Deliquescence is a solid-to-solution phase transformation. RH-temperature phase diagrams of the food ingredients alpha-d-glucose and citric acid, along with sodium sulfate, were produced using established and newly developed methods. Each phase diagram included hydrate and anhydrate deliquescence boundaries, the anhydrate-hydrate phase boundary, and the peritectic temperature (above which the hydrate was no longer stable). This is the first report of RH-temperature phase diagrams of glucose and citric acid, information which is beneficial for selecting storage and processing conditions to promote or avoid hydrate formation or loss and/or deliquescence. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Structural actions toward HIV/AIDS prevention in Cartagena, Colombia: a qualitative study.

PubMed

Quevedo-Gómez, María Cristina; Krumeich, Anja; Abadía-Barrero, César Ernesto; Pastrana-Salcedo, Eduardo Manuel; van den Borne, Hubertus

2011-07-01

To obtain a thorough understanding of the complexity and dynamics of the social determination of HIV infection among inhabitants of Cartagena, Colombia, as well as their views on necessary actions and priorities. In a five-year ethnography of HIV/AIDS in collaboration with 96 citizens of Cartagena, different methods and data collection techniques were used. Through 40 in-depth interviews and 30 life histories of inhabitants, the scenario of HIV vulnerability was summarized in a diagram. This diagram was evaluated and complemented through group discussions with key representatives of local governmental and nongovernmental organizations and with people who were interested in the epidemic or affected by it. The diagram illustrates the dynamic and complex interrelationships among structural factors (i.e., social determinants) of HIV infection, such as machismo; lack of work, money, and social services; local dynamics of the performance of the state; and international dynamics of the sexual tourism industry. On the basis of the diagram, groups of key representatives proposed prioritizing structural actions such as reducing socioeconomic inequalities and providing access to health care and education. The social determinants displayed in the diagram relate to historic power forces that have shaped vulnerable scenarios in Cartagena. Collaboration between participants and researchers generates conceptual frameworks that make it possible to understand and manage the complexity of HIV's social determination. This way of understanding effectively connects local inequalities with international flows of power such as sexual tourism and makes evident the strengths and limitations of current approaches to HIV prevention.

Conformational Phase Diagram for Polymers Adsorbed on Ultrathin Nanowires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vogel, Thomas; Bachmann, Michael

2010-05-01

We study the conformational behavior of a polymer adsorbed at an attractive stringlike nanowire and construct the complete structural phase diagram in dependence of the binding strength and effective thickness of the nanowire. For this purpose, Monte Carlo optimization techniques are employed to identify lowest-energy structures for a coarse-grained model of a polymer in contact with the nanowire. Among the representative conformations in the different phases are, for example, compact droplets attached to the wire and also nanotubelike monolayer films wrapping it in a very ordered way. We here systematically analyze low-energy shapes and structural order parameters to elucidate the transitions between the structural phases.

Conformational phase diagram for polymers adsorbed on ultrathin nanowires.

PubMed

Vogel, Thomas; Bachmann, Michael

2010-05-14

We study the conformational behavior of a polymer adsorbed at an attractive stringlike nanowire and construct the complete structural phase diagram in dependence of the binding strength and effective thickness of the nanowire. For this purpose, Monte Carlo optimization techniques are employed to identify lowest-energy structures for a coarse-grained model of a polymer in contact with the nanowire. Among the representative conformations in the different phases are, for example, compact droplets attached to the wire and also nanotubelike monolayer films wrapping it in a very ordered way. We here systematically analyze low-energy shapes and structural order parameters to elucidate the transitions between the structural phases.

Nuclear power propulsion system for spacecraft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koroteev, A. S.; Oshev, Yu. A.; Popov, S. A.; Karevsky, A. V.; Solodukhin, A. Ye.; Zakharenkov, L. E.; Semenkin, A. V.

2015-12-01

The proposed designs of high-power space tugs that utilize solar or nuclear energy to power an electric jet engine are reviewed. The conceptual design of a nuclear power propulsion system (NPPS) is described; its structural diagram, gas circuit, and electric diagram are discussed. The NPPS incorporates a nuclear reactor, a thermal-to-electric energy conversion system, a system for the conversion and distribution of electric energy, and an electric propulsion system. Two criterion parameters were chosen in the considered NPPS design: the temperature of gaseous working medium at the nuclear reactor outlet and the rotor speed of turboalternators. The maintenance of these parameters at a given level guarantees that the needed electric voltage is generated and allows for power mode control. The processes of startup/shutdown and increasing/reducing the power, the principles of distribution of electric energy over loads, and the probable emergencies for the proposed NPPS design are discussed.

Organization of the Drosophila larval visual circuit

PubMed Central

Gendre, Nanae; Neagu-Maier, G Larisa; Fetter, Richard D; Schneider-Mizell, Casey M; Truman, James W; Zlatic, Marta; Cardona, Albert

2017-01-01

Visual systems transduce, process and transmit light-dependent environmental cues. Computation of visual features depends on photoreceptor neuron types (PR) present, organization of the eye and wiring of the underlying neural circuit. Here, we describe the circuit architecture of the visual system of Drosophila larvae by mapping the synaptic wiring diagram and neurotransmitters. By contacting different targets, the two larval PR-subtypes create two converging pathways potentially underlying the computation of ambient light intensity and temporal light changes already within this first visual processing center. Locally processed visual information then signals via dedicated projection interneurons to higher brain areas including the lateral horn and mushroom body. The stratified structure of the larval optic neuropil (LON) suggests common organizational principles with the adult fly and vertebrate visual systems. The complete synaptic wiring diagram of the LON paves the way to understanding how circuits with reduced numerical complexity control wide ranges of behaviors.

Phase Diagram of KxFe2-ySe2-zSz and the Suppression of its Superconducting State by an Fe2-Se=S Tetrahedron Distortion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lei H.; Abeykoon, M.; Bozin, E.S.

2011-09-19

We report structurally tuned superconductivity in a K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}Se{sub 2-z}S{sub z} (0 {le} z {le} 2) phase diagram. Superconducting T{sub c} is suppressed as S is incorporated into the lattice, eventually vanishing at 80% of S. The magnetic and conductivity properties can be related to stoichiometry on a poorly occupied Fe1 site and the local environment of a nearly fully occupied Fe2 site. The decreasing T{sub c} coincides with the increasing Fe1 occupancy and the overall increase in Fe stoichiometry from z = 0 to z = 2. Our results indicate that the irregularity of the Fe2-Se/S tetrahedron ismore » an important controlling parameter that can be used to tune the ground state in the new superconductor family.« less

Phase Diagram of K x Fe 2 - y Se 2 - z S z and the Suppression of its Superconducting State by an Fe 2 - Se / S Tetrahedron Distortion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lei, Hechang; Abeykoon, Milinda; Bozin, Emil S.

2011-09-01

We report structurally tuned superconductivity in a K x Fe 2 - y Se 2 - z S z ( 0 ≤ z ≤ 2 ) phase diagram. Superconducting T c is suppressed as S is incorporated into the lattice, eventually vanishing at 80% of S. The magnetic and conductivity properties can be related to stoichiometry on a poorly occupied Fe1 site and the local environment of a nearly fully occupied Fe2 site. The decreasing T c coincides with the increasing Fe1 occupancy and the overall increase in Fe stoichiometry from z = 0 to z = 2 . Ourmore » results indicate that the irregularity of the Fe 2 - Se / S tetrahedron is an important controlling parameter that can be used to tune the ground state in the new superconductor family.« less

Phase Diagram of KxFe2-ySe2-zSz and the Suppression of its Superconducting State by an Fe2-Se/S Tetrahedron Distortion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

H Lei; M Abeykoon; E Bozin

2011-12-31

We report structurally tuned superconductivity in a K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}Se{sub 2-z}S{sub z} (0 {le} z {le} 2) phase diagram. Superconducting T{sub c} is suppressed as S is incorporated into the lattice, eventually vanishing at 80% of S. The magnetic and conductivity properties can be related to stoichiometry on a poorly occupied Fe1 site and the local environment of a nearly fully occupied Fe2 site. The decreasing T{sub c} coincides with the increasing Fe1 occupancy and the overall increase in Fe stoichiometry from z = 0 to z = 2. Our results indicate that the irregularity of the Fe2-Se/S tetrahedron ismore » an important controlling parameter that can be used to tune the ground state in the new superconductor family.« less

Laser Additive Manufacturing of F/M Steels for Radiation Tolerant Nuclear Components

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lienert, Thomas J.; Maloy, Stuart Andrew

According to the Nuclear Energy R&D Roadmap Report submitted to Congress in 2010, one the key challenges facing the nuclear energy industry involves development of new reactor designs with reduced capital costs. Two related R&D objectives outlined in the report include: 1) Making improvements in the affordability of new reactors; and 2) Development of structural materials to withstand irradiation for longer periods. Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) is particularly well suited for more rapid and economical fabrication of reactor components relative to current fabrication methods. The proposed work involving LAM directly addresses the two R&D objectives outlined above relevant to themore » pertinent mission problems. The classical Materials Science approach involving development of Process/Structure/Property/Performance (P/S/P/P) relations was employed in this project. Processing included LAM and heat-treating. Thermal cycling during LAM is discussed here, and phase diagrams and continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams are used to rationalize microstructural evolution. Structures were characterized including grain size & morphology, volume fraction, morphology, composition and location of carbides in as-deposited and heat-treated conditions. In the simplest sense, the goal was to control microstructures through process manipulation with a view toward optimizing properties and performance in service.« less

Rapid-X - An FPGA Development Toolset Using a Custom Simulink Library for MTCA.4 Modules

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prędki, Paweł; Heuer, Michael; Butkowski, Łukasz; Przygoda, Konrad; Schlarb, Holger; Napieralski, Andrzej

2015-06-01

The recent introduction of advanced hardware architectures such as the Micro Telecommunications Computing Architecture (MTCA) caused a change in the approach to implementation of control schemes in many fields. The development has been moving away from traditional programming languages ( C/C++), to hardware description languages (VHDL, Verilog), which are used in FPGA development. With MATLAB/Simulink it is possible to describe complex systems with block diagrams and simulate their behavior. Those diagrams are then used by the HDL experts to implement exactly the required functionality in hardware. Both the porting of existing applications and adaptation of new ones require a lot of development time from them. To solve this, Xilinx System Generator, a toolbox for MATLAB/Simulink, allows rapid prototyping of those block diagrams using hardware modelling. It is still up to the firmware developer to merge this structure with the hardware-dependent HDL project. This prevents the application engineer from quickly verifying the proposed schemes in real hardware. The framework described in this article overcomes these challenges, offering a hardware-independent library of components that can be used in Simulink/System Generator models. The components are subsequently translated into VHDL entities and integrated with a pre-prepared VHDL project template. Furthermore, the entire implementation process is run in the background, giving the user an almost one-click path from control scheme modelling and simulation to bit-file generation. This approach allows the application engineers to quickly develop new schemes and test them in real hardware environment. The applications may range from simple data logging or signal generation ones to very advanced controllers. Taking advantage of the Simulink simulation capabilities and user-friendly hardware implementation routines, the framework significantly decreases the development time of FPGA-based applications.

Lyapunov exponents and phase diagrams reveal multi-factorial control over TRAIL-induced apoptosis

PubMed Central

Aldridge, Bree B; Gaudet, Suzanne; Lauffenburger, Douglas A; Sorger, Peter K

2011-01-01

Receptor-mediated apoptosis proceeds via two pathways: one requiring only a cascade of initiator and effector caspases (type I behavior) and the second requiring an initiator–effector caspase cascade and mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (type II behavior). Here, we investigate factors controlling type I versus II phenotypes by performing Lyapunov exponent analysis of an ODE-based model of cell death. The resulting phase diagrams predict that the ratio of XIAP to pro-caspase-3 concentrations plays a key regulatory role: type I behavior predominates when the ratio is low and type II behavior when the ratio is high. Cell-to-cell variability in phenotype is observed when the ratio is close to the type I versus II boundary. By positioning multiple tumor cell lines on the phase diagram we confirm these predictions. We also extend phase space analysis to mutations affecting the rate of caspase-3 ubiquitylation by XIAP, predicting and showing that such mutations abolish all-or-none control over activation of effector caspases. Thus, phase diagrams derived from Lyapunov exponent analysis represent a means to study multi-factorial control over a complex biochemical pathway. PMID:22108795

Band structure of cavity-type hypersonic phononic crystals fabricated by femtosecond laser-induced two-photon polymerization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rakhymzhanov, A. M.; Utegulov, Z. N., E-mail: zhutegulov@nu.edu.kz, E-mail: fytas@mpip-mainz.mpg.de; Optics Laboratory, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 10000

2016-05-16

The phononic band diagram of a periodic square structure fabricated by femtosecond laser pulse-induced two photon polymerization is recorded by Brillouin light scattering (BLS) at hypersonic (GHz) frequencies and computed by finite element method. The theoretical calculations along the two main symmetry directions quantitatively capture the band diagrams of the air- and liquid-filled structure and moreover represent the BLS intensities. The theory helps identify the observed modes, reveals the origin of the observed bandgaps at the Brillouin zone boundaries, and unravels direction dependent effective medium behavior.

Analysis and application of impedance polar diagram and zstrike rose diagram of magnetotellurics data in southern part of the Wayang Windu geothermal field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rohayat, O. R.; Wicaksono, R. A.; Daud, Y.

2018-03-01

In this study, we determined the main direction of geoelectric strike in the southern part of the Wayang Windu geothermal field using magnetotellurics (MT) data. The strike direction was obtained by analyzing data using impedance polar and Zstrike rose diagram. We investigated 51 MT data at different sites of the southern part of the Wayang Windu geothermal field. Determination of geoelectric strike direction is important since the strike is the rotation references in MT data processing. Our findings had pointed out that the geoelectric strike direction in this study area is in accordance with the direction of geological structure and has a good correlation with structures delineated from 3D MT inversion model.

Criteria for evaluating programme theory diagrams in quality improvement initiatives: a structured method for appraisal.

PubMed

Issen, Laurel; Woodcock, Thomas; McNicholas, Christopher; Lennox, Laura; Reed, Julie E

2018-04-09

Despite criticisms that many quality improvement (QI) initiatives fail due to incomplete programme theory, there is no defined way to evaluate how programme theory has been articulated. The objective of this research was to develop, and assess the usability and reliability of scoring criteria to evaluate programme theory diagrams. Criteria development was informed by published literature and QI experts. Inter-rater reliability was tested between two evaluators. About 63 programme theory diagrams (42 driver diagrams and 21 action-effect diagrams) were reviewed to establish whether the criteria could support comparative analysis of different approaches to constructing diagrams. Components of the scoring criteria include: assessment of overall aim, logical overview, clarity of components, cause-effect relationships, evidence and measurement. Independent reviewers had 78% inter-rater reliability. Scoring enabled direct comparison of different approaches to developing programme theory; action-effect diagrams were found to have had a statistically significant but moderate improvement in programme theory quality over driver diagrams; no significant differences were observed based on the setting in which driver diagrams were developed. The scoring criteria summarise the necessary components of programme theory that are thought to contribute to successful QI projects. The viability of the scoring criteria for practical application was demonstrated. Future uses include assessment of individual programme theory diagrams and comparison of different approaches (e.g. methodological, teaching or other QI support) to produce programme theory. The criteria can be used as a tool to guide the production of better programme theory diagrams, and also highlights where additional support for QI teams could be needed.

The effects of computer simulation versus hands-on dissection and the placement of computer simulation within the learning cycle on student achievement and attitude

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hopkins, Kathryn Susan

The value of dissection as an instructional strategy has been debated, but not evidenced in research literature. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of using computer simulated frog dissection as a substitute for traditional hands-on frog dissection and to examine the possible enhancement of achievement by combining the two strategies in a specific sequence. In this study, 134 biology students at two Central Texas schools were divided into the five following treatment groups: computer simulation of frog dissection, computer simulation before dissection, traditional hands-on frog dissection, dissection before computer simulation, and textual worksheet materials. The effects on achievement were evaluated by labeling 10 structures on three diagrams, identifying 11 pinned structures on a prosected frog, and answering 9 multiple-choice questions over the dissection process. Attitude was evaluated using a thirty item survey with a five-point Likert scale. The quasi-experimental design was pretest/post-test/post-test nonequivalent group for both control and experimental groups, a 2 x 2 x 5 completely randomized factorial design (gender, school, five treatments). The pretest/post-test design was incorporated to control for prior knowledge using analysis of covariance. The dissection only group evidenced a significantly higher performance than all other treatments except dissection-then-computer on the post-test segment requiring students to label pinned anatomical parts on a prosected frog. Interactions between treatment and school in addition to interaction between treatment and gender were found to be significant. The diagram and attitude post-tests evidenced no significant difference. Results on the nine multiple-choice questions about dissection procedures indicated a significant difference between schools. The interaction between treatment and school was also found to be significant. On a delayed post-test, a significant difference in gender was found on the diagram labeling segment of the post-test. Males were reported to have the higher score. Since existing research conflicts with this study's results, additional research using authentic assessment is recommended. Instruction should be aligned with dissection content and process objectives for each treatment group, and the teacher variable should be controlled.

Ab initio study of the composite phase diagram of Ni-Mn-Ga shape memory alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sokolovskaya, Yu. A.; Sokolovskiy, V. V.; Zagrebin, M. A.; Buchelnikov, V. D.; Zayak, A. T.

2017-07-01

The magnetic and structural properties of a series of nonstoichiometric Ni-Mn-Ga Heusler alloys are theoretically investigated in terms of the density functional theory. Nonstoichiometry is formed in the coherent potential approximation. Concentration dependences of the equilibrium lattice parameter, the bulk modulus, and the total magnetic moment are obtained and projected onto the ternary phase diagram of the alloys. The stable crystalline structures and the magnetic configurations of the austenitic phase are determined.

New Bedform Phase Diagrams and Discriminant Functions for Formative Conditions of Bedforms in Open-Channel Flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohata, Koji; Naruse, Hajime; Yokokawa, Miwa; Viparelli, Enrica

2017-11-01

Understanding of the formative conditions of fluvial bedforms is significant for both river management and geological studies. Diagrams showing bedform stability conditions have been widely used for the analyses of sedimentary structures. However, the use of discriminants to determine the boundaries of different bedforms regimes has not yet been explored. In this study, we use discriminant functions to describe formative conditions for a range of fluvial bedforms in a 3-D dimensionless parametric space. We do this by means of discriminant analysis using the Mahalanobis distance. We analyzed 3,793 available laboratory and field data and used these to produce new bedform phase diagrams. These diagrams employ three dimensionless parameters representing properties of flow hydraulics and sediment particles as their axes. The discriminant functions for bedform regimes proposed herein are quadratic functions of three dimensionless parameters and are expressed as curved surfaces in 3-D space. These empirical functions can be used to estimate paleoflow velocities from sedimentary structures. As an example of the reconstruction of hydraulic conditions, we calculated the paleoflow velocity of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki tsunami backwash flow from the sedimentary structures of the tsunami deposit. In so doing, we successfully reconstructed reasonable values of the paleoflow velocities.

Covariant diagrams for one-loop matching

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Zhengkang

Here, we present a diagrammatic formulation of recently-revived covariant functional approaches to one-loop matching from an ultraviolet (UV) theory to a low-energy effective field theory. Various terms following from a covariant derivative expansion (CDE) are represented by diagrams which, unlike conventional Feynman diagrams, involve gauge-covariant quantities and are thus dubbed "covariant diagrams." The use of covariant diagrams helps organize and simplify one-loop matching calculations, which we illustrate with examples. Of particular interest is the derivation of UV model-independent universal results, which reduce matching calculations of specific UV models to applications of master formulas. We also show how such derivation canmore » be done in a more concise manner than the previous literature, and discuss how additional structures that are not directly captured by existing universal results, including mixed heavy-light loops, open covariant derivatives, and mixed statistics, can be easily accounted for.« less

Covariant diagrams for one-loop matching

DOE PAGES

Zhang, Zhengkang

2017-05-30

Here, we present a diagrammatic formulation of recently-revived covariant functional approaches to one-loop matching from an ultraviolet (UV) theory to a low-energy effective field theory. Various terms following from a covariant derivative expansion (CDE) are represented by diagrams which, unlike conventional Feynman diagrams, involve gauge-covariant quantities and are thus dubbed "covariant diagrams." The use of covariant diagrams helps organize and simplify one-loop matching calculations, which we illustrate with examples. Of particular interest is the derivation of UV model-independent universal results, which reduce matching calculations of specific UV models to applications of master formulas. We also show how such derivation canmore » be done in a more concise manner than the previous literature, and discuss how additional structures that are not directly captured by existing universal results, including mixed heavy-light loops, open covariant derivatives, and mixed statistics, can be easily accounted for.« less

Compliance Options Diagrams for the Paper and Other Web Coating National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This January 2004 document contains 14 diagrams illustrating the different compliance options available for those facilities that fall under the Paper and Web Coating Maximum Achievable control Technology (MACT).

Urea-temperature phase diagrams capture the thermodynamics of denatured state expansion that accompany protein unfolding

PubMed Central

Tischer, Alexander; Auton, Matthew

2013-01-01

We have analyzed the thermodynamic properties of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A3 domain using urea-induced unfolding at variable temperature and thermal unfolding at variable urea concentrations to generate a phase diagram that quantitatively describes the equilibrium between native and denatured states. From this analysis, we were able to determine consistent thermodynamic parameters with various spectroscopic and calorimetric methods that define the urea–temperature parameter plane from cold denaturation to heat denaturation. Urea and thermal denaturation are experimentally reversible and independent of the thermal scan rate indicating that all transitions are at equilibrium and the van't Hoff and calorimetric enthalpies obtained from analysis of individual thermal transitions are equivalent demonstrating two-state character. Global analysis of the urea–temperature phase diagram results in a significantly higher enthalpy of unfolding than obtained from analysis of individual thermal transitions and significant cross correlations describing the urea dependence of and that define a complex temperature dependence of the m-value. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy illustrates a large increase in secondary structure content of the urea-denatured state as temperature increases and a loss of secondary structure in the thermally denatured state upon addition of urea. These structural changes in the denatured ensemble make up ∼40% of the total ellipticity change indicating a highly compact thermally denatured state. The difference between the thermodynamic parameters obtained from phase diagram analysis and those obtained from analysis of individual thermal transitions illustrates that phase diagrams capture both contributions to unfolding and denatured state expansion and by comparison are able to decipher these contributions. PMID:23813497

Perspectives on the energy landscape of Au-Cl binary systems from the structural phase diagram of AuxCly (x + y = 20).

PubMed

Tian, Zhimei; Cheng, Longjiu

2015-05-28

Ligand-protected gold (Au-L) nanoclusters have attracted much attention, where the reported electronic and geometric structures show great diversity. To give a direct and overall view of the energy landscape of Au-L binary systems, the AuxCly (x + y = 20) system is taken as a test case. By intensive global search of the potential energy surface at the level of density functional theory, a diverse set of global minima and low-lying isomers are found at each composition, and the structural phase diagram is obtained. The unbiased global search is carried out using the method combining the genetic algorithm with the TPSS functional. At x = 10 with the stoichiometric ratio of Au and Cl (1 : 1), the cluster presents a catenane structure. When x is in the range of 11-20, the clusters are Au-rich, and the Au-Cl system can be viewed as Cl-protected gold nanoclusters, where the gold cores consist of superatoms, superatom networks, or superatomic molecules in electronic structures. At x = 11-15, the gold cores consist of Au3, Au4 and Au5 2e-superatoms protected by staple motifs. At x = 16-20, the clusters are pyramidal superatomic molecules with one Au16 superatom core bonding with the four vertical atoms (Au or Cl). When x is in the scope of 9-5, the clusters are Cl-rich, and the 5d electrons of Au participate in bonding, resulting in high multiplicities. The Au-Cl binary system shows great diversity and flexibility in electronic and geometric structures, and there are corresponding structures to most of the experimentally produced Au-L nanoclusters in our structural phase diagram. We believe that the structural phase diagram gives an overall perspective on the universe of Au-L nanoclusters.

"Just as the Structural Formula Does": Names, Diagrams, and the Structure of Organic Chemistry at the 1892 Geneva Nomenclature Congress.

PubMed

Hepler-Smith, Evan

2015-02-01

At the Geneva Nomenclature Congress of 1892, some of the foremost organic chemists of the late nineteenth century crafted a novel relationship between chemical substances, chemical diagrams, and chemical names that has shaped practices of chemical representation ever since. During the 1880s, the French chemist Charles Friedel organised the nomenclature reform effort that culminated in the Geneva Congress; in the disorderly nomenclature of German synthetic chemistry, Friedel saw an opportunity to advance French national interests and his own pedagogical goals. Friedel and a group of close colleagues reconceived nomenclature as a unified field, in which all chemical names ought to relate clearly to one another and to the structure of the compounds they represented. The German chemist Adolf von Baeyer went a step farther, arguing for names that precisely and uniquely corresponded to the structural formula of each compound, tailored for use in chemical dictionaries and handbooks. Baeyer's vision prevailed at the Geneva Congress, which consequently codified rules for rigorously mapping structural formulas into names, resulting in names that faithfully represented the features of these diagrams but not always the chemical behaviour of the compounds themselves. This approach ultimately limited both the number of chemical compounds that the Geneva rules were able to encompass and the breadth of their application. However, the relationship between diagram and name established at the Geneva Congress became the foundation not only of subsequent systems of chemical nomenclature but of methods of organising information that have supported the modern chemical sciences.

Phase diagram and quench dynamics of the cluster-XY spin chain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Montes, Sebastián; Hamma, Alioscia

2012-08-01

We study the complete phase space and the quench dynamics of an exactly solvable spin chain, the cluster-XY model. In this chain, the cluster term and the XY couplings compete to give a rich phase diagram. The phase diagram is studied by means of the quantum geometric tensor. We study the time evolution of the system after a critical quantum quench using the Loschmidt echo. The structure of the revivals after critical quantum quenches presents a nontrivial behavior depending on the phase of the initial state and the critical point.

Spinning geodesic Witten diagrams

DOE PAGES

Dyer, Ethan; Freedman, Daniel Z.; Sully, James

2017-11-10

We present an expression for the four-point conformal blocks of symmetric traceless operators of arbitrary spin as an integral over a pair of geodesics in Anti-de Sitter space, generalizing the geodesic Witten diagram formalism of Hijano et al. to arbitrary spin. As an intermediate step in the derivation, we identify a convenient basis of bulk threepoint interaction vertices which give rise to all possible boundary three point structures. Lastly, we highlight a direct connection between the representation of the conformal block as geodesic Witten diagram and the shadow operator formalism.

Phase diagram and quench dynamics of the cluster-XY spin chain.

PubMed

Montes, Sebastián; Hamma, Alioscia

2012-08-01

We study the complete phase space and the quench dynamics of an exactly solvable spin chain, the cluster-XY model. In this chain, the cluster term and the XY couplings compete to give a rich phase diagram. The phase diagram is studied by means of the quantum geometric tensor. We study the time evolution of the system after a critical quantum quench using the Loschmidt echo. The structure of the revivals after critical quantum quenches presents a nontrivial behavior depending on the phase of the initial state and the critical point.

Application of ISO22000 and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (fmea) for Industrial Processing of Poultry Products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Varzakas, Theodoros H.; Arvanitoyannis, Ioannis S.

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) model has been applied for the risk assessment of poultry slaughtering and manufacturing. In this work comparison of ISO22000 analysis with HACCP is carried out over poultry slaughtering, processing and packaging. Critical Control points and Prerequisite programs (PrPs) have been identified and implemented in the cause and effect diagram (also known as Ishikawa, tree diagram and fishbone diagram).

INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS DIVISION, ELECTRICAL DESIGN STANDARDS AND GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bates, A.E.G.; Bowelle, M.M.; Horton, J.L.

1960-10-01

Recommendations of the Instrumentation and Controls Division Committee on Electrical and Electronic Symbols and Drawings are presented. The American Standards Associrtion Graphical Symbols for Electrical Diagrams are given, with certain variations or additions recommended by the Committee to clarify or more positively identify the device or element symbolized. Recommendations regarding electrical elementary diagram 1ayout, device coding, etc., are included. (W.D.M.)

The Reed & Kellogg System of Sentence Diagramming and Its Implementation in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coats, Judith Ruth

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study was to research whether or not the intervention of the Reed & Kellogg System of sentence diagramming would make a significant difference in the acquisition, retention, and comprehension of the basic grammatical skills, including parts of speech, complements, phrases, clauses, and sentence structures, on the higher…

The Effect of Functional Flow Diagrams on Apprentice Aircraft Mechanics' Technical System Understanding.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Scott D.; Satchwell, Richard E.

1993-01-01

Describes an experimental study that tested the impact of a conceptual illustration on college students' understanding of the structure, function, and behavior of complex technical systems. The use of functional flow diagrams in aircraft mechanics' training is explained, a concept map analysis is discussed, and implications for technical training…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kaluarachchi, Udhara S.; Bud’ko, Sergey L.; Canfield, Paul C.

Experimental and theoretical investigations on itinerant ferromagnetic systems under pressure have shown that ferromagnetic quantum criticality is avoided either by a change of the transition order, becoming of the first order at a tricritical point, or by the appearance of modulated magnetic phases. In the first case, the application of a magnetic field reveals a wing-structure phase diagram as seen in itinerant ferromagnets such as ZrZn 2 and UGe 2. Secondly, no tricritical wings have been observed so far. Here, we report on the discovery of wing-structure as well as the appearance of modulated magnetic phases in the temperature-pressure-magnetic fieldmore » phase diagram of LaCrGe 3. Our investigation of LaCrGe 3 reveals a double-wing structure indicating strong similarities with ZrZn 2 and UGe 2. Unlike these simpler systems, LaCrGe 3 also shows modulated magnetic phases similar to CeRuPO. Our finding provides an example of an additional possibility for the phase diagram of metallic quantum ferromagnets.« less

Software engineering capability for Ada (GRASP/Ada Tool)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cross, James H., II

1995-01-01

The GRASP/Ada project (Graphical Representations of Algorithms, Structures, and Processes for Ada) has successfully created and prototyped a new algorithmic level graphical representation for Ada software, the Control Structure Diagram (CSD). The primary impetus for creation of the CSD was to improve the comprehension efficiency of Ada software and, as a result, improve reliability and reduce costs. The emphasis has been on the automatic generation of the CSD from Ada PDL or source code to support reverse engineering and maintenance. The CSD has the potential to replace traditional prettyprinted Ada Source code. A new Motif compliant graphical user interface has been developed for the GRASP/Ada prototype.

Geometry and topology of the space of sonar target echos.

PubMed

Robinson, Michael; Fennell, Sean; DiZio, Brian; Dumiak, Jennifer

2018-03-01

Successful synthetic aperture sonar target classification depends on the "shape" of the scatterers within a target signature. This article presents a workflow that computes a target-to-target distance from persistence diagrams, since the "shape" of a signature informs its persistence diagram in a structure-preserving way. The target-to-target distances derived from persistence diagrams compare favorably against those derived from spectral features and have the advantage of being substantially more compact. While spectral features produce clusters associated to each target type that are reasonably dense and well formed, the clusters are not well-separated from one another. In rather dramatic contrast, a distance derived from persistence diagrams results in highly separated clusters at the expense of some misclassification of outliers.

Solidification Structure Synthesis in Undercooled Liquids

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-10-18

Diagrams 32 1. Supersaturation in Sn-Sb Alloys 32 2. Microstructural Transitions in Fe-Ni alloys 33 E. Droplet Nucleation Kinetics 36 F . Controlled...indicated as - F ,,. The curves correspond to the extrapolation of experimental data (exp.). (b) to the approximation of AGv and TAS=-O by Dubey and...Thermodynamic stability of oxide particles in Sn Oxide A Grxn1 A Grxn2 A F (XmOn) (kJ) (kJ) (°C) AI20 3 +1605 +810 144 TiO- +367 +372 142 Y203 +2119 +1067 136

Modulation doping of quantum dot laser active area and its impact on lasing performance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konoplev, S. S.; Savelyev, A. V.; Korenev, V. V.; Maximov, M. V.; Zhukov, A. E.

2015-11-01

We present a theoretical study of modulation doping of active region in the quantum dot (QD) laser and corresponding issues of QD charge neutrality violation, a band diagram of the laser and charge carriers distribution in the structure. Modulation doping is discussed as a possible technique to control laser output characteristics. It was shown that modulation doping leads to an increase of threshold current of lasing through excited QD optical transition together with power emission from QD ground state.

The topology of the cosmic web in terms of persistent Betti numbers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pranav, Pratyush; Edelsbrunner, Herbert; van de Weygaert, Rien; Vegter, Gert; Kerber, Michael; Jones, Bernard J. T.; Wintraecken, Mathijs

2017-03-01

We introduce a multiscale topological description of the Megaparsec web-like cosmic matter distribution. Betti numbers and topological persistence offer a powerful means of describing the rich connectivity structure of the cosmic web and of its multiscale arrangement of matter and galaxies. Emanating from algebraic topology and Morse theory, Betti numbers and persistence diagrams represent an extension and deepening of the cosmologically familiar topological genus measure and the related geometric Minkowski functionals. In addition to a description of the mathematical background, this study presents the computational procedure for computing Betti numbers and persistence diagrams for density field filtrations. The field may be computed starting from a discrete spatial distribution of galaxies or simulation particles. The main emphasis of this study concerns an extensive and systematic exploration of the imprint of different web-like morphologies and different levels of multiscale clustering in the corresponding computed Betti numbers and persistence diagrams. To this end, we use Voronoi clustering models as templates for a rich variety of web-like configurations and the fractal-like Soneira-Peebles models exemplify a range of multiscale configurations. We have identified the clear imprint of cluster nodes, filaments, walls, and voids in persistence diagrams, along with that of the nested hierarchy of structures in multiscale point distributions. We conclude by outlining the potential of persistent topology for understanding the connectivity structure of the cosmic web, in large simulations of cosmic structure formation and in the challenging context of the observed galaxy distribution in large galaxy surveys.

Unveiling the control of quenched disorder in rare earth nickelates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Das, Sarmistha; Phanindra, V. Eswara; Philip, Sharon S.; Rana, D. S.

2017-10-01

The role of quenched disorder, a key control to obtain novel phases and functionalities, has not yet been determined in the complex phase diagram of RNi O3 (R = rare-earth ion) perovskites. Here we present such a study by investigating (L a0.5E u0.5 ) Ni O3 (LENO) having large R-site cation disorder. We show that in the presence of quenched disorder, (i) the resistivity drops by a few orders of magnitude across the metal-insulator transition (MIT) but the MIT shows only a subtle decrease, (ii) compressive films are completely metallic while largely tensile films are completely insulating sans a MIT, (iii) orthorhombic distortion promotes sharp MIT, and (iv) a Fermi liquid behavior even as high temperature resistivity exceeds the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit with a bad metallic state. The low-energy terahertz conductivity dynamics obey Drude and Drude-Smith models for compressive and tensile films, respectively. All these features of disordered LENO, which are not typical of prototype ordered NdNi O3 , reveal an extraordinary sensitivity to slight structural perturbations. This study depicts the ease with which a variety of electronic phases can be tuned in disordered nickelates and emphasize the need to incorporate quenched disorder as a key control in the phase diagram of nickelates.

Development of a novel SCADA system for laboratory testing.

PubMed

Patel, M; Cole, G R; Pryor, T L; Wilmot, N A

2004-07-01

This document summarizes the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system that allows communication with, and controlling the output of, various I/O devices in the renewable energy systems and components test facility RESLab. This SCADA system differs from traditional SCADA systems in that it supports a continuously changing operating environment depending on the test to be performed. The SCADA System is based on the concept of having one Master I/O Server and multiple client computer systems. This paper describes the main features and advantages of this dynamic SCADA system, the connections of various field devices to the master I/O server, the device servers, and numerous software features used in the system. The system is based on the graphical programming language "LabVIEW" and its "Datalogging and Supervisory Control" (DSC) module. The DSC module supports a real-time database called the "tag engine," which performs the I/O operations with all field devices attached to the master I/O server and communications with the other tag engines running on the client computers connected via a local area network. Generic and detailed communication block diagrams illustrating the hierarchical structure of this SCADA system are presented. The flow diagram outlining a complete test performed using this system in one of its standard configurations is described.

A digital controller for variable thrust liquid rocket engines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feng, X.; Zhang, Y. L.; Chen, Q. Z.

1993-06-01

The paper describes the design and development of a built-in digital controller (BDC) for the variable thrust liquid rocket engine (VTLRE). Particular attention is given to the function requirements of the BDC, the hardware and software configuration, and the testing process, as well as to the VTLRE real-time computer simulation system used for the development of the BDC. A diagram of the VLTRE control system is presented as well as block diagrams illustrating the hardware and software configuration of the BDC.

Computer Control and Activation of Six-Degree-of-Freedom Simulator

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

Evaluation of Matrices 54 Calculation of Linear Coefficients 54 Off-Line Calculations for Aircraft 59 Off-Line Calculations for Combat Vehicle 61 Table...468 in. 59 Physical concept tail-boom control system 203 Vlll 60 Tail-boom control system block diagram 204 61 Block diagram for position...configuration. Now, since Z must be diagonal, it follows that the principal elements of Z are given by 13 where and a) = ^11 ^12’ 2 2 ^21 ^22 ’ 61

8755 Emulator Design

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-01

Break Control....................51 8755 I/O Control..................54 Z-100 Control Software................. 55 Pass User Memory...the emulator SRAM and the other is 55 for the target SRAM. If either signal is replaced by the NACK signal the host computer displays an error message...Block Diagram 69 AUU M/M 8 in Fiur[:. cemti Daga 70m F’M I-- ’I ANLAD AMam U52 COMM ow U2 i M.2 " -n ax- U 6_- Figure 2b. Schematic Diagram 71 )-M -A -I

Proposal for hierarchical description of software systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thauboth, H.

1973-01-01

The programming of digital computers has developed into a new dimension full of diffculties, because the hardware of computers has become so powerful that more complex applications are entrusted to computers. The costs of software development, verification, and maintenance are outpacing those of the hardware and the trend is toward futher increase of sophistication of application of computers and consequently of sophistication of software. To obtain better visibility into software systems and to improve the structure of software systems for better tests, verification, and maintenance, a clear, but rigorous description and documentation of software is needed. The purpose of the report is to extend the present methods in order to obtain a documentation that better reflects the interplay between the various components and functions of a software system at different levels of detail without losing the precision in expression. This is done by the use of block diagrams, sequence diagrams, and cross-reference charts. In the appendices, examples from an actual large sofware system, i.e. the Marshall System for Aerospace Systems Simulation (MARSYAS), are presented. The proposed documentation structure is compatible to automation of updating significant portions of the documentation for better software change control.

Dynamic damping of vibrations of technical object with two degrees of freedom

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khomenko, A. P.; Eliseev, S. V.; Artyunin, A. I.

2017-10-01

Approach to the solution of problems of dynamic damping for the technical object with two degrees of freedom on the elastic supports is developed. Such tasks are typical for the dynamics of technological vibrating machines, machining machine tools and vehicles. The purpose of the study is to justify the possibility of obtaining regimes of simultaneous dynamic damping of oscillations in two coordinates. The achievement of the goal is based on the use of special devices for the transformation of motion, introduced parallel to the elastic element. The dynamic effect is provided by the possibility of changing the relationships between the reduced masses of devices for transforming motion. The method of structural mathematical modeling is used, in which the mechanical oscillatory system is compared, taking into account the principle of dynamic analogies, the dynamically equivalent structural diagram of the automatic control system. The concept of transfer functions of systems interpartial relations and generalized ideas about the partial frequencies and frequencies dynamic damping is applied. The concept of a frequency diagram that determines the mutual distribution of graphs of frequency characteristics in the interaction of the elements of the system is introduced.

Strategies for the crystallization of viruses: using phase diagrams and gels to produce 3D crystals of Grapevine fanleaf virus.

PubMed

Schellenberger, Pascale; Demangeat, Gérard; Lemaire, Olivier; Ritzenthaler, Christophe; Bergdoll, Marc; Oliéric, Vincent; Sauter, Claude; Lorber, Bernard

2011-05-01

The small icosahedral plant RNA nepovirus Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is specifically transmitted by a nematode and causes major damage to vineyards worldwide. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the recognition between the surface of its protein capsid and cellular components of its vector, host and viral proteins synthesized upon infection, the wild type GFLV strain F13 and a natural mutant (GFLV-TD) carrying a Gly₂₉₇Asp mutation were purified, characterized and crystallized. Subsequently, the geometry and volume of their crystals was optimized by establishing phase diagrams. GFLV-TD was twice as soluble as the parent virus in the crystallization solution and its crystals diffracted X-rays to a resolution of 2.7 Å. The diffraction limit of GFLV-F13 crystals was extended from 5.5 to 3 Å by growth in agarose gel. Preliminary crystallographic analyses indicate that both types of crystals are suitable for structure determination. Keys for the successful production of GFLV crystals include the rigorous quality control of virus preparations, crystal quality improvement using phase diagrams, and crystal lattice reinforcement by growth in agarose gel. These strategies are applicable to the production of well-diffracting crystals of other viruses and macromolecular assemblies. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

R2R - software to speed the depiction of aesthetic consensus RNA secondary structures

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background With continuing identification of novel structured noncoding RNAs, there is an increasing need to create schematic diagrams showing the consensus features of these molecules. RNA structural diagrams are typically made either with general-purpose drawing programs like Adobe Illustrator, or with automated or interactive programs specific to RNA. Unfortunately, the use of applications like Illustrator is extremely time consuming, while existing RNA-specific programs produce figures that are useful, but usually not of the same aesthetic quality as those produced at great cost in Illustrator. Additionally, most existing RNA-specific applications are designed for drawing single RNA molecules, not consensus diagrams. Results We created R2R, a computer program that facilitates the generation of aesthetic and readable drawings of RNA consensus diagrams in a fraction of the time required with general-purpose drawing programs. Since the inference of a consensus RNA structure typically requires a multiple-sequence alignment, the R2R user annotates the alignment with commands directing the layout and annotation of the RNA. R2R creates SVG or PDF output that can be imported into Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape or CorelDRAW. R2R can be used to create consensus sequence and secondary structure models for novel RNA structures or to revise models when new representatives for known RNA classes become available. Although R2R does not currently have a graphical user interface, it has proven useful in our efforts to create 100 schematic models of distinct noncoding RNA classes. Conclusions R2R makes it possible to obtain high-quality drawings of the consensus sequence and structural models of many diverse RNA structures with a more practical amount of effort. R2R software is available at http://breaker.research.yale.edu/R2R and as an Additional file. PMID:21205310

Magnetic layering transitions in a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer nano-structure: Monte Carlo study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ziti, S.; Aouini, S.; Labrim, H.; Bahmad, L.

2017-02-01

We study the magnetic layering transitions in a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer nano-structure, under the effect of an external magnetic field. We examine the magnetic properties, of this model of the spin S=1 Ising ferromagnetic in real nanostructure used in several scientific domains. For T=0, we give and discuss the ground state phase diagrams. At non null temperatures, we applied the Monte Carlo simulations giving important results summarized in the form of the phase diagrams. We also analyzed the effect of varying the external magnetic field, and found the layering transitions in the polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer nano-structure.

The Role of Concurrent Engineering in Weapons System Acquisition

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-01

checx sheets, Pareto diagrams, graphs, control charts, and scatter diagrams. Kaoru Iskilkawa, Guide to Qualiy Conmi, Asian Productivity Organization...Dewing [3 !,Juran [141, and Ishikawa [l𔃿). Managers in the United States and Japan have used techniques of statistics to measure performance and they have...New York (1962). 15. Kaoru Ishkawa, Guide to Quall’y Control, KRAUS International Publications, White Plains, NY (1-982). 16. Robert H. Hayc,%. St

Investigation and Root Cause Analysis Guideline for Undetected Cracking Incidents in Safety-of-Flight Aircraft Structure

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

diagram” because it was invented by Kaoru Ishikawa , or a “Fishbone Diagram” because of the way it looks. This diagram should incorporate the resulting...the relationships between a given outcome and all the factors that influence the outcome. This type of diagram is sometimes called an “ Ishikawa

Diagrams for comprehensive molecular orbital-based chemical reaction analyses: reactive orbital energy diagrams.

PubMed

Tsuneda, Takao; Singh, Raman Kumar; Chattaraj, Pratim Kumar

2018-05-15

Reactive orbital energy diagrams are presented as a tool for comprehensively performing orbital-based reaction analyses. The diagrams rest on the reactive orbital energy theory, which is the expansion of conceptual density functional theory (DFT) to an orbital energy-based theory. The orbital energies on the intrinsic reaction coordinates of fundamental reactions are calculated by long-range corrected DFT, which is confirmed to provide accurate orbital energies of small molecules, combining with a van der Waals (vdW) correlation functional, in order to examine the vdW effect on the orbital energies. By analysing the reactions based on the reactive orbital energy theory using these accurate orbital energies, it is found that vdW interactions significantly affect the orbital energies in the initial reaction processes and that more than 70% of reactions are determined to be initially driven by charge transfer, while the remaining structural deformation (dynamics)-driven reactions are classified into identity, cyclization and ring-opening, unimolecular dissociation, and H2 reactions. The reactive orbital energy diagrams, which are constructed using these results, reveal that reactions progress so as to delocalize the occupied reactive orbitals, which are determined as contributing orbitals and are usually not HOMOs, by hybridizing the unoccupied reactive orbitals, which are usually not LUMOs. These diagrams also raise questions about conventional orbital-based diagrams such as frontier molecular orbital diagrams, even for the well-established interpretation of Diels-Alder reactions.

Program design by a multidisciplinary team. [for structural finite element analysis on STAR-100 computer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Voigt, S.

1975-01-01

The use of software engineering aids in the design of a structural finite-element analysis computer program for the STAR-100 computer is described. Nested functional diagrams to aid in communication among design team members were used, and a standardized specification format to describe modules designed by various members was adopted. This is a report of current work in which use of the functional diagrams provided continuity and helped resolve some of the problems arising in this long-running part-time project.

Roto-flexoelectric coupling impact on the phase diagrams and pyroelectricity of thin SrTiO 3 films

DOE PAGES

Morozovska, Anna N.; Eliseev, Eugene A.; Bravina, Svetlana L.; ...

2012-09-20

The influence of the flexoelectric and rotostriction coupling on the phase diagrams of ferroelastic-quantum paraelectric SrTiO 3 films was studied using Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire (LGD) theory. We calculated the phase diagrams in coordinates temperature - film thickness for different epitaxial misfit strains. Tensile misfit strains stimulate appearance of the spontaneous out-of-plane structural order parameter (displacement vector of an appropriate oxygen atom from its cubic position) in the structural phase. For compressive misfit strains are stimulated because of the spontaneous in-plane structural order parameter. Furthermore, gradients of the structural order parameter components, which inevitably exist in the vicinity of film surfaces due tomore » the termination and symmetry breaking, induce improper polarization and pyroelectric response via the flexoelectric and rotostriction coupling mechanism. Flexoelectric and rotostriction coupling results in the roto-flexoelectric field that is antisymmetric inside the film, small in the central part of the film, where the gradients of the structural parameter are small, and maximal near the surfaces, where the gradients of the structural parameter are highest. The field induces improper polarization and pyroelectric response. Penetration depths of the improper phases (both polar and structural) can reach several nm from the film surfaces. An improper pyroelectric response of thin films is high enough to be registered with planar-type electrode configurations by conventional pyroelectric methods.« less

The phase diagram and hardness of carbon nitrides

DOE PAGES

Dong, Huafeng; Oganov, Artem R.; Zhu, Qiang; ...

2015-05-06

Novel superhard materials, especially those with superior thermal and chemical stability, are needed to replace diamond. Carbon nitrides (C-N), which are likely to possess these characteristics and have even been expected to be harder than diamond, are excellent candidates. Here we report three new superhard and thermodynamically stable carbon nitride phases. Based on a systematic evolutionary structure searches, we report a complete phase diagram of the C-N system at 0–300 GPa and analyze the hardest metastable structures. Surprisingly, we find that at zero pressure, the earlier proposed graphitic-C 3N 4 structure (P6-bar m2) is dynamically unstable, and we find themore » lowest-energy structure based on s-triazine unit and s-heptazine unit.« less

The National Shipbuilding Research Program, Analytical Quality Circles

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-09-01

standard tools for quality control, in English, see “Guide to Quality Control” by Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa , Asian Productivity Organization, Aoyama Dai-ichi...factors affect work evaluation is shown schemati- cally by Characteristic-Factor Diagrams (also called Fishbone or Ishikawa Diagrams), see Figure 2-5

Urea-temperature phase diagrams capture the thermodynamics of denatured state expansion that accompany protein unfolding.

PubMed

Tischer, Alexander; Auton, Matthew

2013-09-01

We have analyzed the thermodynamic properties of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A3 domain using urea-induced unfolding at variable temperature and thermal unfolding at variable urea concentrations to generate a phase diagram that quantitatively describes the equilibrium between native and denatured states. From this analysis, we were able to determine consistent thermodynamic parameters with various spectroscopic and calorimetric methods that define the urea-temperature parameter plane from cold denaturation to heat denaturation. Urea and thermal denaturation are experimentally reversible and independent of the thermal scan rate indicating that all transitions are at equilibrium and the van't Hoff and calorimetric enthalpies obtained from analysis of individual thermal transitions are equivalent demonstrating two-state character. Global analysis of the urea-temperature phase diagram results in a significantly higher enthalpy of unfolding than obtained from analysis of individual thermal transitions and significant cross correlations describing the urea dependence of ΔH0 and ΔCP0 that define a complex temperature dependence of the m-value. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy illustrates a large increase in secondary structure content of the urea-denatured state as temperature increases and a loss of secondary structure in the thermally denatured state upon addition of urea. These structural changes in the denatured ensemble make up ∼40% of the total ellipticity change indicating a highly compact thermally denatured state. The difference between the thermodynamic parameters obtained from phase diagram analysis and those obtained from analysis of individual thermal transitions illustrates that phase diagrams capture both contributions to unfolding and denatured state expansion and by comparison are able to decipher these contributions. © 2013 The Protein Society.

Combinatorial materials synthesis and high-throughput screening: an integrated materials chip approach to mapping phase diagrams and discovery and optimization of functional materials.

PubMed

Xiang, X D

Combinatorial materials synthesis methods and high-throughput evaluation techniques have been developed to accelerate the process of materials discovery and optimization and phase-diagram mapping. Analogous to integrated circuit chips, integrated materials chips containing thousands of discrete different compositions or continuous phase diagrams, often in the form of high-quality epitaxial thin films, can be fabricated and screened for interesting properties. Microspot x-ray method, various optical measurement techniques, and a novel evanescent microwave microscope have been used to characterize the structural, optical, magnetic, and electrical properties of samples on the materials chips. These techniques are routinely used to discover/optimize and map phase diagrams of ferroelectric, dielectric, optical, magnetic, and superconducting materials.

Can your software engineer program your PLC?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borrowman, Alastair J.; Taylor, Philip

2016-07-01

The use of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) in the control of large physics experiments is ubiquitous1, 2, 3. The programming of these controllers is normally the domain of engineers with a background in electronics, this paper introduces PLC program development from the software engineer's perspective. PLC programs provide the link between control software running on PC architecture systems and physical hardware controlled and monitored by digital and analog signals. The higher-level software running on the PC is typically responsible for accepting operator input and from this deciding when and how hardware connected to the PLC is controlled. The PLC accepts demands from the PC, considers the current state of its connected hardware and if correct to do so (based upon interlocks or other constraints) adjusts its hardware output signals appropriately for the PC's demands. A published ICD (Interface Control Document) defines the PLC memory locations available to be written and read by the PC to control and monitor the hardware. Historically the method of programming PLCs has been ladder diagrams that closely resemble circuit diagrams, however, PLC manufacturers nowadays also provide, and promote, the use of higher-level programming languages4. Based on techniques used in the development of high-level PC software to control PLCs for multiple telescopes, this paper examines the development of PLC programs to operate the hardware of a medical cyclotron beamline controlled from a PC using the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS), which is also widely used in telescope control5, 6, 7. The PLC used is the new generation Siemens S7-1200 programmed using Siemens Pascal based Structured Control Language (SCL), which is their implementation of Structured Text (ST). The approach described is that from a software engineer's perspective, utilising Siemens Totally Integrated Automation (TIA) Portal integrated development environment (IDE) to create modular PLC programs based upon reusable functions capable of being unit tested without the PLC connected to hardware. Emphasis has been placed on designing an interface between EPICS and SCL that enforces correct operation of hardware through stringent separation of PC accessible PLC memory and hardware I/O addresses used only by the PLC. The paper also introduces the method used to automate the creation, from the same source document, the PLC memory structure (tag) definitions (defining memory used to access hardware I/O and that accessed by the PC) and creation of the PC program data structures (EPICS database records) used to access the permitted PLC addresses. From direct experience this paper demonstrates the advantages of PLC program development being shared between electronic and software engineers, to enable use of the most appropriate processes from both the perspective of the hardware and the higher-level software used to control it.

3D Computer Models of T- x- y Diagrams, Forming the Fe-Ni-Co-FeS-NiS-CoS Subsystem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lutsyk, V. I.; Vorob'eva, V. P.

2017-12-01

3D computer models of Fe-Ni-Co, Fe-Ni-FeS-NiS, Fe-Co-FeS-CoS, Ni-Co-NiS-CoS T- x- y diagrams have been designed. The geometric structure (35 surfaces, two-phase surface of the reaction type change, 17 phase regions) of the Fe-Ni-FeS-NiS T- x- y diagram is investigated in detail. The liquidus hypersurfaces prediction of the Fe-Ni-Co-FeS-NiS-CoS subsystem is represented.

Bow-tie diagrams for risk management in anaesthesia.

PubMed

Culwick, M D; Merry, A F; Clarke, D M; Taraporewalla, K J; Gibbs, N M

2016-11-01

Bow-tie analysis is a risk analysis and management tool that has been readily adopted into routine practice in many high reliability industries such as engineering, aviation and emergency services. However, it has received little exposure so far in healthcare. Nevertheless, its simplicity, versatility, and pictorial display may have benefits for the analysis of a range of healthcare risks, including complex and multiple risks and their interactions. Bow-tie diagrams are a combination of a fault tree and an event tree, which when combined take the shape of a bow tie. Central to bow-tie methodology is the concept of an undesired or 'Top Event', which occurs if a hazard progresses past all prevention controls. Top Events may also occasionally occur idiosyncratically. Irrespective of the cause of a Top Event, mitigation and recovery controls may influence the outcome. Hence the relationship of hazard to outcome can be viewed in one diagram along with possible causal sequences or accident trajectories. Potential uses for bow-tie diagrams in anaesthesia risk management include improved understanding of anaesthesia hazards and risks, pre-emptive identification of absent or inadequate hazard controls, investigation of clinical incidents, teaching anaesthesia risk management, and demonstrating risk management strategies to third parties when required.

Polymer-mediated nanorod self-assembly predicted by dissipative particle dynamics simulations.

PubMed

Khani, Shaghayegh; Jamali, Safa; Boromand, Arman; Hore, Michael J A; Maia, Joao

2015-09-14

Self-assembly of nanoparticles in polymer matrices is an interesting and growing subject in the field of nanoscience and technology. We report herein on modelling studies of the self-assembly and phase behavior of nanorods in a homopolymer matrix, with the specific goal of evaluating the role of deterministic entropic and enthalpic factors that control the aggregation/dispersion in such systems. Grafting polymer brushes from the nanorods is one approach to control/impact their self-assembly capabilities within a polymer matrix. From an energetic point of view, miscible interactions between the brush and the matrix are required for achieving a better dispersibility; however, grafting density and brush length are the two important parameters in dictating the morphology. Unlike in previous computational studies, the present Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) simulation framework is able to both predict dispersion or aggregation of nanorods and determine the self-assembled structure, allowing for the determination of a phase diagram, which takes all of these factors into account. Three types of morphologies are predicted: dispersion, aggregation and partial aggregation. Moreover, favorable enthalpic interactions between the brush and the matrix are found to be essential for expanding the window for achieving a well-dispersed morphology. A three-dimensional phase diagram is mapped on which all the afore-mentioned parameters are taken into account. Additionally, in the case of immiscibility between brushes and the matrix, simulations predict the formation of some new and tunable structures.

Conveying, Assessing, and Learning (Strategies for) Structural Knowledge.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jonassen, David H.; And Others

Diagrams showing the components of structural knowledge and the theoretical basis for structural knowledge introduce four tables presenting information on: (1) implicit strategies for conveying cognitive structure, including content/structures signalling (Meyer), frames/slots (Armbruster and Anderson), and Elaboration Theory (Reigeluth and…

Magnetic Properties and Magnetic Phase Diagrams of Trigonal DyNi3Ga9

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ninomiya, Hiroki; Matsumoto, Yuji; Nakamura, Shota; Kono, Yohei; Kittaka, Shunichiro; Sakakibara, Toshiro; Inoue, Katsuya; Ohara, Shigeo

2017-12-01

We report the crystal structure, magnetic properties, and magnetic phase diagrams of single crystalline DyNi3Ga9 studied using X-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, specific heat, and magnetization measurements. DyNi3Ga9 crystallizes in the chiral structure with space group R32. The dysprosium ions, which are responsible for the magnetism in this compound, form a two-dimensional honeycomb structure on a (0001) plane. We show that DyNi3Ga9 exhibits successive phase transitions at TN = 10 K and T'N = 9 K. The former suggests quadrupolar ordering, and the latter is attributed to the antiferromagnetic order. It is considered that DyNi3Ga9 forms the canted-antiferromagnetic structure below T'N owing to a small hysteresis loop of the low-field magnetization curve. We observe the strong easy-plane anisotropy, and the multiple-metamagnetic transitions with magnetization-plateaus under the field applied along the honeycomb plane. For Hallel [2\\bar{1}\\bar{1}0], the plateau-region arises every 1/6 for saturation magnetization. The magnetic phase diagrams of DyNi3Ga9 are determined for the fields along principal-crystal axes.

Nuclear transmutation in steels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belozerova, A. R.; Shimanskii, G. A.; Belozerov, S. V.

2009-05-01

The investigations of the effects of nuclear transmutation in steels that are widely used in nuclear power and research reactors and in steels that are planned for the application in thermonuclear fusion plants, which are employed under the conditions of a prolonged action of neutron irradiation with different spectra, made it possible to study the effects of changes in the isotopic and chemical composition on the tendency of changes in the structural stability of these steels. For the computations of nuclear transmutation in steels, we used a program complex we have previously developed on the basis of algorithms for constructing branched block-type diagrams of nuclide transformations and for locally and globally optimizing these diagrams with the purpose of minimizing systematic errors in the calculation of nuclear transmutation. The dependences obtained were applied onto a Schaeffler diagram for steels used for structural elements of reactors. For the irradiation in fission reactors, we observed only a weak influence of the effects of nuclear transmutation in steels on their structural stability. On the contrary, in the case of irradiation with fusion neutrons, a strong influence of the effects of nuclear transmutation in steels on their structural stability has been noted.

Universal block diagram based modeling and simulation schemes for fractional-order control systems.

PubMed

Bai, Lu; Xue, Dingyü

2017-05-08

Universal block diagram based schemes are proposed for modeling and simulating the fractional-order control systems in this paper. A fractional operator block in Simulink is designed to evaluate the fractional-order derivative and integral. Based on the block, the fractional-order control systems with zero initial conditions can be modeled conveniently. For modeling the system with nonzero initial conditions, the auxiliary signal is constructed in the compensation scheme. Since the compensation scheme is very complicated, therefore the integrator chain scheme is further proposed to simplify the modeling procedures. The accuracy and effectiveness of the schemes are assessed in the examples, the computation results testify the block diagram scheme is efficient for all Caputo fractional-order ordinary differential equations (FODEs) of any complexity, including the implicit Caputo FODEs. Copyright © 2017 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Structural modeling and analysis of an effluent treatment process for electroplating--a graph theoretic approach.

PubMed

Kumar, Abhishek; Clement, Shibu; Agrawal, V P

2010-07-15

An attempt is made to address a few ecological and environment issues by developing different structural models for effluent treatment system for electroplating. The effluent treatment system is defined with the help of different subsystems contributing to waste minimization. Hierarchical tree and block diagram showing all possible interactions among subsystems are proposed. These non-mathematical diagrams are converted into mathematical models for design improvement, analysis, comparison, storage retrieval and commercially off-the-shelf purchases of different subsystems. This is achieved by developing graph theoretic model, matrix models and variable permanent function model. Analysis is carried out by permanent function, hierarchical tree and block diagram methods. Storage and retrieval is done using matrix models. The methodology is illustrated with the help of an example. Benefits to the electroplaters/end user are identified. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The geometry of on-shell diagrams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Franco, Sebastián; Galloni, Daniele; Mariotti, Alberto

2014-08-01

The fundamental role of on-shell diagrams in quantum field theory has been recently recognized. On-shell diagrams, or equivalently bipartite graphs, provide a natural bridge connecting gauge theory to powerful mathematical structures such as the Grassmannian. We perform a detailed investigation of the combinatorial and geometric objects associated to these graphs. We mainly focus on their relation to polytopes and toric geometry, the Grassmannian and its stratification. Our work extends the current understanding of these connections along several important fronts, most notably eliminating restrictions imposed by planarity, positivity, reducibility and edge removability. We illustrate our ideas with several explicit examples and introduce concrete methods that considerably simplify computations. We consider it highly likely that the structures unveiled in this article will arise in the on-shell study of scattering amplitudes beyond the planar limit. Our results can be conversely regarded as an expansion in the understanding of the Grassmannian in terms of bipartite graphs.

Mapping Isobaric Aging onto the Equilibrium Phase Diagram.

PubMed

Niss, Kristine

2017-09-15

The linear volume relaxation and the nonlinear volume aging of a glass-forming liquid are measured, directly compared, and used to extract the out-of-equilibrium relaxation time. This opens a window to investigate how the relaxation time depends on temperature, structure, and volume in parts of phase space that are not accessed by the equilibrium liquid. It is found that the temperature dependence of relaxation time is non-Arrhenius even in the isostructural case-challenging the Adam-Gibbs entropy model. Based on the presented data and the idea that aging happens through quasiequilibrium states, we suggest a mapping of the out-of-equilibrium states during isobaric aging to the equilibrium phase diagram. This mapping implies the existence of isostructural lines in the equilibrium phase diagram. The relaxation time is found to depend on the bath temperature, density, and a just single structural parameter, referred to as an effective temperature.

The software architecture of climate models: a graphical comparison of CMIP5 and EMICAR5 configurations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alexander, K.; Easterbrook, S. M.

2015-04-01

We analyze the source code of eight coupled climate models, selected from those that participated in the CMIP5 (Taylor et al., 2012) or EMICAR5 (Eby et al., 2013; Zickfeld et al., 2013) intercomparison projects. For each model, we sort the preprocessed code into components and subcomponents based on dependency structure. We then create software architecture diagrams that show the relative sizes of these components/subcomponents and the flow of data between them. The diagrams also illustrate several major classes of climate model design; the distribution of complexity between components, which depends on historical development paths as well as the conscious goals of each institution; and the sharing of components between different modeling groups. These diagrams offer insights into the similarities and differences in structure between climate models, and have the potential to be useful tools for communication between scientists, scientific institutions, and the public.

Automated discovery and construction of surface phase diagrams using machine learning

DOE PAGES

Ulissi, Zachary W.; Singh, Aayush R.; Tsai, Charlie; ...

2016-08-24

Surface phase diagrams are necessary for understanding surface chemistry in electrochemical catalysis, where a range of adsorbates and coverages exist at varying applied potentials. These diagrams are typically constructed using intuition, which risks missing complex coverages and configurations at potentials of interest. More accurate cluster expansion methods are often difficult to implement quickly for new surfaces. We adopt a machine learning approach to rectify both issues. Using a Gaussian process regression model, the free energy of all possible adsorbate coverages for surfaces is predicted for a finite number of adsorption sites. Our result demonstrates a rational, simple, and systematic approachmore » for generating accurate free-energy diagrams with reduced computational resources. Finally, the Pourbaix diagram for the IrO 2(110) surface (with nine coverages from fully hydrogenated to fully oxygenated surfaces) is reconstructed using just 20 electronic structure relaxations, compared to approximately 90 using typical search methods. Similar efficiency is demonstrated for the MoS 2 surface.« less

Dark energy domination in the Virgocentric flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chernin, A. D.; Karachentsev, I. D.; Nasonova, O. G.; Teerikorpi, P.; Valtonen, M. J.; Dolgachev, V. P.; Domozhilova, L. M.; Byrd, G. G.

2010-09-01

Context. The standard ΛCDM cosmological model implies that all celestial bodies are embedded in a perfectly uniform dark energy background, represented by Einstein's cosmological constant, and experience its repulsive antigravity action. Aims: Can dark energy have strong dynamical effects on small cosmic scales as well as globally? Continuing our efforts to clarify this question, we now focus on the Virgo Cluster and the flow of expansion around it. Methods: We interpret the Hubble diagram from a new database of velocities and distances of galaxies in the cluster and its environment, using a nonlinear analytical model, which incorporates the antigravity force in terms of Newtonian mechanics. The key parameter is the zero-gravity radius, the distance at which gravity and antigravity are in balance. Results: 1. The interplay between the gravity of the cluster and the antigravity of the dark energy background determines the kinematical structure of the system and controls its evolution. 2. The gravity dominates the quasi-stationary bound cluster, while the antigravity controls the Virgocentric flow, bringing order and regularity to the flow, which reaches linearity and the global Hubble rate at distances ⪆15 Mpc. 3. The cluster and the flow form a system similar to the Local Group and its outflow. In the velocity-distance diagram, the cluster-flow structure reproduces the group-flow structure with a scaling factor of about 10; the zero-gravity radius for the cluster system is also 10 times larger. Conclusions: The phase and dynamical similarity of the systems on the scales of 1-30 Mpc suggests that a two-component pattern may be universal for groups and clusters: a quasi-stationary bound central component and an expanding outflow around it, caused by the nonlinear gravity-antigravity interplay with the dark energy dominating in the flow component.

Assessing and grouping chemicals applying partial ordering Alkyl anilines as an illustrative example.

PubMed

Carlsen, Lars; Bruggemann, Rainer

2018-06-03

In chemistry there is a long tradition in classification. Usually methods are adopted from the wide field of cluster analysis. Here, based on the example of 21 alkyl anilines we show that also concepts taken out from the mathematical discipline of partially ordered sets may also be applied. The chemical compounds are described by a multi-indicator system. For the present study four indicators, mainly taken from the field of environmental chemistry were applied and a Hasse diagram was constructed. A Hasse diagram is an acyclic, transitively reduced, triangle free graph that may have several components. The crucial question is, whether or not the Hasse diagram can be interpreted from a structural chemical point of view. This is indeed the case, but it must be clearly stated that a guarantee for meaningful results in general cannot be given. For that further theoretical work is needed. Two cluster analysis methods are applied (K-means and a hierarchical cluster method). In both cases the partitioning of the set of 21 compounds by the component structure of the Hasse diagram appears to be better interpretable. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

Entanglement entropy with a time-dependent Hamiltonian

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sivaramakrishnan, Allic

2018-03-01

The time evolution of entanglement tracks how information propagates in interacting quantum systems. We study entanglement entropy in CFT2 with a time-dependent Hamiltonian. We perturb by operators with time-dependent source functions and use the replica trick to calculate higher-order corrections to entanglement entropy. At first order, we compute the correction due to a metric perturbation in AdS3/CFT2 and find agreement on both sides of the duality. Past first order, we find evidence of a universal structure of entanglement propagation to all orders. The central feature is that interactions entangle unentangled excitations. Entanglement propagates according to "entanglement diagrams," proposed structures that are motivated by accessory spacetime diagrams for real-time perturbation theory. To illustrate the mechanisms involved, we compute higher-order corrections to free fermion entanglement entropy. We identify an unentangled operator, one which does not change the entanglement entropy to any order. Then, we introduce an interaction and find it changes entanglement entropy by entangling the unentangled excitations. The entanglement propagates in line with our conjecture. We compute several entanglement diagrams. We provide tools to simplify the computation of loop entanglement diagrams, which probe UV effects in entanglement propagation in CFT and holography.

Ten Triangles around Cavernous Sinus for Surgical Approach, Described by Schematic Diagram and Three Dimensional Models with the Sectioned Images.

PubMed

Chung, Beom Sun; Ahn, Young Hwan; Park, Jin Seo

2016-09-01

For the surgical approach to lesions around the cavernous sinus (CS), triangular spaces around CS have been devised. However, educational materials for learning the triangles were insufficient. The purpose of this study is to present educational materials about the triangles, consisting of a schematic diagram and 3-dimensional (3D) models with sectioned images. To achieve the purposes, other studies were analyzed to establish new definitions and names of the triangular spaces. Learning materials including schematic diagrams and 3D models with cadaver's sectioned images were manufactured. Our new definition was attested by observing the sectioned images and 3D models. The triangles and the four representative surgical approaches were stereoscopically indicated on the 3D models. All materials of this study were put into Portable Document Format file and were distributed freely at our homepage (anatomy.dongguk.ac.kr/triangles). By using our schematic diagram and the 3D models with sectioned images, ten triangles and the related structures could be understood and observed accurately. We expect that our data will contribute to anatomy education, surgery training, and radiologic understanding of the triangles and related structures.

Analyzing Malaysians' perception of risk in developing radiological and nuclear crisis communication framework

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamid, AHA.; Hassan, H.; Ramanathan, B.; Jumat, AH.; Jaafar, NNH.; Abdullah, A.

2015-04-01

Crisis communication is an indicator of a sustaining public normalcy that serves to control and decrease any untoward situations during disasters' meltdown. Prior findings highlighted that 25.85 percent of arising organizational disputes can be resolved using public announcements and an enhancement of public awareness through avoiding related dissatisfactions, disorders and untoward circumstances during radiation and nuclear emergencies. Hence, in this paper, we are interrogating Malaysians on their perception of risk regarding to radiation and nuclear disasters and emergencies. The principal aim is to identify the relationship between the IAEA's initiated risk perception characteristics and the content of the respective public acceptance reports. Those relationships are described and analyzed into a network diagram using the ATLAS.ti software consisting of Clustering and C-Coefficient analyses. This diagram identifies the main variables relating to significant characteristics of risk perception. Future studies should further evaluate the intensity of public opinion against the suggested constructs of executing a thorough and structured risk management mechanism, to advance public trust as well as crisis communication.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hamid, AHA., E-mail: amyhamijah@nm.gov.my; Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Hassan, H., E-mail: asfa@nm.gov.my

Crisis communication is an indicator of a sustaining public normalcy that serves to control and decrease any untoward situations during disasters’ meltdown. Prior findings highlighted that 25.85 percent of arising organizational disputes can be resolved using public announcements and an enhancement of public awareness through avoiding related dissatisfactions, disorders and untoward circumstances during radiation and nuclear emergencies. Hence, in this paper, we are interrogating Malaysians on their perception of risk regarding to radiation and nuclear disasters and emergencies. The principal aim is to identify the relationship between the IAEA’s initiated risk perception characteristics and the content of the respective publicmore » acceptance reports. Those relationships are described and analyzed into a network diagram using the ATLAS.ti software consisting of Clustering and C-Coefficient analyses. This diagram identifies the main variables relating to significant characteristics of risk perception. Future studies should further evaluate the intensity of public opinion against the suggested constructs of executing a thorough and structured risk management mechanism, to advance public trust as well as crisis communication.« less

Object Oriented Modeling and Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shaykhian, Gholam Ali

2007-01-01

The Object Oriented Modeling and Design seminar is intended for software professionals and students, it covers the concepts and a language-independent graphical notation that can be used to analyze problem requirements, and design a solution to the problem. The seminar discusses the three kinds of object-oriented models class, state, and interaction. The class model represents the static structure of a system, the state model describes the aspects of a system that change over time as well as control behavior and the interaction model describes how objects collaborate to achieve overall results. Existing knowledge of object oriented programming may benefit the learning of modeling and good design. Specific expectations are: Create a class model, Read, recognize, and describe a class model, Describe association and link, Show abstract classes used with multiple inheritance, Explain metadata, reification and constraints, Group classes into a package, Read, recognize, and describe a state model, Explain states and transitions, Read, recognize, and describe interaction model, Explain Use cases and use case relationships, Show concurrency in activity diagram, Object interactions in sequence diagram.

Phase behaviour of oat β-glucan/sodium caseinate mixtures varying in molecular weight.

PubMed

Agbenorhevi, Jacob K; Kontogiorgos, Vassilis; Kasapis, Stefan

2013-05-01

The isothermal phase behaviour at 5 °C of mixtures of sodium caseinate and oat β-glucan isolates varying in molecular weight (MW) was investigated by means of phase diagram construction, rheometry, fluorescence microscopy and electrophoresis. Phase diagrams indicated that the compatibility of the β-glucan/sodium caseinate system increases as β-glucan MW decreases. Images of mixtures taken at various biopolymer concentrations revealed phase separated domains. Results also revealed that at the state of thermodynamic equilibrium, lower MW samples yielded considerable viscosity in the mixture. At equivalent hydrodynamic volume of β-glucan in the mixtures, samples varying in molecular weight exhibited similar flow behaviour. A deviation dependent on the protein concentration was observed for the high MW sample in the concentrated regime due to the size of β-glucan aggregates formed. Results demonstrate that by controlling the structural features of β-glucan in mixtures with sodium caseinate, informed manipulation of rheological properties in these systems can be achieved. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Use of the Ishikawa diagram in a case-control analysis to assess the causes of a diffuse lamellar keratitis outbreak.

PubMed

Lira, Luis Henrique; Hirai, Flávio E; Oliveira, Marivaldo; Portellinha, Waldir; Nakano, Eliane Mayumi

2017-01-01

To identify the causes of a diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) outbreak using a systematic search tool in a case-control analysis. An Ishikawa diagram was used to guide physicians to determine the potential risk factors involved in this outbreak. Coherence between the occurrences and each possible cause listed in the diagram was verified, and the total number of eyes at risk was used to calculate the proportion of affected eyes. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression to determine the independent effect of the risk factors, after controlling for confounders and test interactions. All DLK cases were reported in 2007 between June 13 and December 21; during this period, 3,698 procedures were performed. Of the 1,682 flap-related procedures, 204 eyes of 141 individuals presented with DLK. No direct relationship was observed between the occurrence of DLK and the presence of any specific factors; however, flap-lifting enhancements, procedures performed during the morning shift, and non-use of therapeutic contact lenses after the surgery were significantly related to higher occurrence percentages of this condition. The Ishikawa diagram, like most quality tools, is a visualization and knowledge organization tool. This systematization allowed the investigators to thoroughly assess all the possible causes of DLK outbreak. A clear view of the entire surgical logistics permitted even more rigid management of the main factors involved in the process and, as a result, highlighted factors that deserved attention. The case-control analysis on every factor raised by the Ishikawa diagram indicated that the commonly suspected factors such as biofilm contamination of the water reservoir in autoclaves, the air-conditioning filter system, glove powder, microkeratome motor oil, and gentian violet markers were not related to the outbreak.

Tricritical wings and modulated magnetic phases in LaCrGe 3 under pressure

DOE PAGES

Kaluarachchi, Udhara S.; Bud’ko, Sergey L.; Canfield, Paul C.; ...

2017-09-15

Experimental and theoretical investigations on itinerant ferromagnetic systems under pressure have shown that ferromagnetic quantum criticality is avoided either by a change of the transition order, becoming of the first order at a tricritical point, or by the appearance of modulated magnetic phases. In the first case, the application of a magnetic field reveals a wing-structure phase diagram as seen in itinerant ferromagnets such as ZrZn 2 and UGe 2. Secondly, no tricritical wings have been observed so far. Here, we report on the discovery of wing-structure as well as the appearance of modulated magnetic phases in the temperature-pressure-magnetic fieldmore » phase diagram of LaCrGe 3. Our investigation of LaCrGe 3 reveals a double-wing structure indicating strong similarities with ZrZn 2 and UGe 2. Unlike these simpler systems, LaCrGe 3 also shows modulated magnetic phases similar to CeRuPO. Our finding provides an example of an additional possibility for the phase diagram of metallic quantum ferromagnets.« less

Cavity-type hypersonic phononic crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sato, A.; Pennec, Y.; Yanagishita, T.; Masuda, H.; Knoll, W.; Djafari-Rouhani, B.; Fytas, G.

2012-11-01

We report on the engineering of the phonon dispersion diagram in monodomain anodic porous alumina (APA) films through the porosity and physical state of the material residing in the nanopores. Lattice symmetry and inclusion materials are theoretically identified to be the main factors which control the hypersonic acoustic wave propagation. This involves the interaction between the longitudinal and the transverse modes in the effective medium and a flat band characteristic of the material residing in the cavities. Air and filled nanopores, therefore, display markedly different dispersion relations and the inclusion materials lead to a locally resonant structural behavior uniquely determining their properties under confinement. APA films emerge as a new platform to investigate the rich acoustic phenomena of structured composite matter.

The KATE shell: An implementation of model-based control, monitor and diagnosis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cornell, Matthew

1987-01-01

The conventional control and monitor software currently used by the Space Center for Space Shuttle processing has many limitations such as high maintenance costs, limited diagnostic capabilities and simulation support. These limitations have caused the development of a knowledge based (or model based) shell to generically control and monitor electro-mechanical systems. The knowledge base describes the system's structure and function and is used by a software shell to do real time constraints checking, low level control of components, diagnosis of detected faults, sensor validation, automatic generation of schematic diagrams and automatic recovery from failures. This approach is more versatile and more powerful than the conventional hard coded approach and offers many advantages over it, although, for systems which require high speed reaction times or aren't well understood, knowledge based control and monitor systems may not be appropriate.

A programmable controller based on CAN field bus embedded microprocessor and FPGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cai, Qizhong; Guo, Yifeng; Chen, Wenhei; Wang, Mingtao

2008-10-01

One kind of new programmable controller(PLC) is introduced in this paper. The advanced embedded microprocessor and Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device are applied in the PLC system. The PLC system structure was presented in this paper. It includes 32 bits Advanced RISC Machines (ARM) embedded microprocessor as control core, FPGA as control arithmetic coprocessor and CAN bus as data communication criteria protocol connected the host controller and its various extension modules. It is detailed given that the circuits and working principle, IiO interface circuit between ARM and FPGA and interface circuit between ARM and FPGA coprocessor. Furthermore the interface circuit diagrams between various modules are written. In addition, it is introduced that ladder chart program how to control the transfer info of control arithmetic part in FPGA coprocessor. The PLC, through nearly two months of operation to meet the design of the basic requirements.

Diagram of Liquid Rocket Systems General Arrangement

NASA Image and Video Library

1964-05-21

S64-05966 (1964) --- Diagram shows the general arrangement of the liquid rocket systems on the Gemini spacecraft are shown. The locations of the 25-pound, 85-pound and 100-pound thrusters of the orbital attitude and maneuver system and the 25-pound thrusters of the re-entry control system are shown.

Reconciling Streamflow Uncertainty Estimation and River Bed Morphology Dynamics. Insights from a Probabilistic Assessment of Streamflow Uncertainties Using a Reliability Diagram

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morlot, T.; Mathevet, T.; Perret, C.; Favre Pugin, A. C.

2014-12-01

Streamflow uncertainty estimation has recently received a large attention in the literature. A dynamic rating curve assessment method has been introduced (Morlot et al., 2014). This dynamic method allows to compute a rating curve for each gauging and a continuous streamflow time-series, while calculating streamflow uncertainties. Streamflow uncertainty takes into account many sources of uncertainty (water level, rating curve interpolation and extrapolation, gauging aging, etc.) and produces an estimated distribution of streamflow for each days. In order to caracterise streamflow uncertainty, a probabilistic framework has been applied on a large sample of hydrometric stations of the Division Technique Générale (DTG) of Électricité de France (EDF) hydrometric network (>250 stations) in France. A reliability diagram (Wilks, 1995) has been constructed for some stations, based on the streamflow distribution estimated for a given day and compared to a real streamflow observation estimated via a gauging. To build a reliability diagram, we computed the probability of an observed streamflow (gauging), given the streamflow distribution. Then, the reliability diagram allows to check that the distribution of probabilities of non-exceedance of the gaugings follows a uniform law (i.e., quantiles should be equipropables). Given the shape of the reliability diagram, the probabilistic calibration is caracterised (underdispersion, overdispersion, bias) (Thyer et al., 2009). In this paper, we present case studies where reliability diagrams have different statistical properties for different periods. Compared to our knowledge of river bed morphology dynamic of these hydrometric stations, we show how reliability diagram gives us invaluable information on river bed movements, like a continuous digging or backfilling of the hydraulic control due to erosion or sedimentation processes. Hence, the careful analysis of reliability diagrams allows to reconcile statistics and long-term river bed morphology processes. This knowledge improves our real-time management of hydrometric stations, given a better caracterisation of erosion/sedimentation processes and the stability of hydrometric station hydraulic control.

jvenn: an interactive Venn diagram viewer.

PubMed

Bardou, Philippe; Mariette, Jérôme; Escudié, Frédéric; Djemiel, Christophe; Klopp, Christophe

2014-08-29

Venn diagrams are commonly used to display list comparison. In biology, they are widely used to show the differences between gene lists originating from different differential analyses, for instance. They thus allow the comparison between different experimental conditions or between different methods. However, when the number of input lists exceeds four, the diagram becomes difficult to read. Alternative layouts and dynamic display features can improve its use and its readability. jvenn is a new JavaScript library. It processes lists and produces Venn diagrams. It handles up to six input lists and presents results using classical or Edwards-Venn layouts. User interactions can be controlled and customized. Finally, jvenn can easily be embeded in a web page, allowing to have dynamic Venn diagrams. jvenn is an open source component for web environments helping scientists to analyze their data. The library package, which comes with full documentation and an example, is freely available at http://bioinfo.genotoul.fr/jvenn.

Binary nanoparticle superlattices of soft-particle systems

DOE PAGES

Travesset, Alex

2015-08-04

The solid-phase diagram of binary systems consisting of particles of diameter σ A=σ and σ B=γσ (γ≤1) interacting with an inverse p = 12 power law is investigated as a paradigm of a soft potential. In addition to the diameter ratio γ that characterizes hard-sphere models, the phase diagram is a function of an additional parameter that controls the relative interaction strength between the different particle types. Phase diagrams are determined from extremes of thermodynamic functions by considering 15 candidate lattices. In general, it is shown that the phase diagram of a soft repulsive potential leads to the morphological diversitymore » observed in experiments with binary nanoparticles, thus providing a general framework to understand their phase diagrams. In addition, particular emphasis is shown to the two most successful crystallization strategies so far: evaporation of solvent from nanoparticles with grafted hydrocarbon ligands and DNA programmable self-assembly.« less

How little data is enough? Phase-diagram analysis of sparsity-regularized X-ray computed tomography

PubMed Central

Jørgensen, J. S.; Sidky, E. Y.

2015-01-01

We introduce phase-diagram analysis, a standard tool in compressed sensing (CS), to the X-ray computed tomography (CT) community as a systematic method for determining how few projections suffice for accurate sparsity-regularized reconstruction. In CS, a phase diagram is a convenient way to study and express certain theoretical relations between sparsity and sufficient sampling. We adapt phase-diagram analysis for empirical use in X-ray CT for which the same theoretical results do not hold. We demonstrate in three case studies the potential of phase-diagram analysis for providing quantitative answers to questions of undersampling. First, we demonstrate that there are cases where X-ray CT empirically performs comparably with a near-optimal CS strategy, namely taking measurements with Gaussian sensing matrices. Second, we show that, in contrast to what might have been anticipated, taking randomized CT measurements does not lead to improved performance compared with standard structured sampling patterns. Finally, we show preliminary results of how well phase-diagram analysis can predict the sufficient number of projections for accurately reconstructing a large-scale image of a given sparsity by means of total-variation regularization. PMID:25939620

How little data is enough? Phase-diagram analysis of sparsity-regularized X-ray computed tomography.

PubMed

Jørgensen, J S; Sidky, E Y

2015-06-13

We introduce phase-diagram analysis, a standard tool in compressed sensing (CS), to the X-ray computed tomography (CT) community as a systematic method for determining how few projections suffice for accurate sparsity-regularized reconstruction. In CS, a phase diagram is a convenient way to study and express certain theoretical relations between sparsity and sufficient sampling. We adapt phase-diagram analysis for empirical use in X-ray CT for which the same theoretical results do not hold. We demonstrate in three case studies the potential of phase-diagram analysis for providing quantitative answers to questions of undersampling. First, we demonstrate that there are cases where X-ray CT empirically performs comparably with a near-optimal CS strategy, namely taking measurements with Gaussian sensing matrices. Second, we show that, in contrast to what might have been anticipated, taking randomized CT measurements does not lead to improved performance compared with standard structured sampling patterns. Finally, we show preliminary results of how well phase-diagram analysis can predict the sufficient number of projections for accurately reconstructing a large-scale image of a given sparsity by means of total-variation regularization.

Comprehensive phase diagram of two-dimensional space charge doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x.

PubMed

Sterpetti, Edoardo; Biscaras, Johan; Erb, Andreas; Shukla, Abhay

2017-12-12

The phase diagram of hole-doped high critical temperature superconductors as a function of doping and temperature has been intensively studied with chemical variation of doping. Chemical doping can provoke structural changes and disorder, masking intrinsic effects. Alternatively, a field-effect transistor geometry with an electrostatically doped, ultra-thin sample can be used. However, to probe the phase diagram, carrier density modulation beyond 10 14  cm -2 and transport measurements performed over a large temperature range are needed. Here we use the space charge doping method to measure transport characteristics from 330 K to low temperature. We extract parameters and characteristic temperatures over a large doping range and establish a comprehensive phase diagram for one-unit-cell-thick BSCCO-2212 as a function of doping, temperature and disorder.

Stability of Boolean multilevel networks.

PubMed

Cozzo, Emanuele; Arenas, Alex; Moreno, Yamir

2012-09-01

The study of the interplay between the structure and dynamics of complex multilevel systems is a pressing challenge nowadays. In this paper, we use a semiannealed approximation to study the stability properties of random Boolean networks in multiplex (multilayered) graphs. Our main finding is that the multilevel structure provides a mechanism for the stabilization of the dynamics of the whole system even when individual layers work on the chaotic regime, therefore identifying new ways of feedback between the structure and the dynamics of these systems. Our results point out the need for a conceptual transition from the physics of single-layered networks to the physics of multiplex networks. Finally, the fact that the coupling modifies the phase diagram and the critical conditions of the isolated layers suggests that interdependency can be used as a control mechanism.

Phase diagram of hard squares in slit confinement.

PubMed

Bautista-Carbajal, Gustavo; Gurin, Péter; Varga, Szabolcs; Odriozola, Gerardo

2018-06-11

This work shows a complete phase diagram of hard squares of side length σ in slit confinement for H < 4.5, H being the wall to wall distance measured in σ units, including the maximal packing fraction limit. The phase diagram exhibits a transition between a single-row parallel 1-[Formula: see text] and a zigzag 2-[Formula: see text] structures for H c (2) = (2[Formula: see text] - 1) < H < 2, and also another one involving the 1-[Formula: see text] and 2-[Formula: see text] structures (two parallel rows) for 2 < H < H c (3) (H c (n) = n - 1 + [Formula: see text]/n is the critical wall-to-wall distance for a (n - 1)-[Formula: see text] to n-[Formula: see text] transition and where n-[Formula: see text] represents a structure formed by tilted rectangles, each one clustering n stacked squares), and a triple point for H t  [Formula: see text] 2.005. In this triple point there coexists the 1-[Formula: see text], 2-[Formula: see text], and 2-[Formula: see text] structures. For regions H c (3) < H < H c (4) and H c (4) < H < H c (5), very similar pictures arise. There is a (n - 1)-[Formula: see text] to a n-[Formula: see text] strong transition for H c (n) < H < n, followed by a softer (n - 1)-[Formula: see text] to n-[Formula: see text] transition for n < H < H c (n + 1). Again, at H [Formula: see text] n there appears a triple point, involving the (n - 1)-[Formula: see text], n-[Formula: see text], and n-[Formula: see text] structures. The similarities found for n = 2, 3 and 4 lead us to propose a tentative phase diagram for H c (n) < H < H c (n + 1) (n ∈ [Formula: see text], n > 2), where structures (n - 1)-[Formula: see text], n-[Formula: see text], and n-[Formula: see text] fill the phase diagram. Simulation and Onsager theory results are qualitatively consistent.

[Critical phenomena, phase equilibria, and the temperature and structural optimum of homeostasis, as revealed by a model system water-biopolymer-electrolyte].

PubMed

Rozhkov, S P

2005-01-01

Equations of spinodal and two quasispinodals corresponding to critical and supercritical phase transitions leading to a rise of different dynamic structures of solution in the phase diagram of a model system water-biopolymer-electrolyte were obtained. The section of the phase diagram was considered where there exists the probability of quasi-equilibrium monomer-cluster and the principle of water-ion homeostasis is realized. Based on these results, a possible mechanism of origination of unspecific adaptation reactions of a biomolecular system at the stage of chemical evolution was suggested.

The topological pressure-temperature phase diagram and crystal structures of the dimorphic system spiperone.

PubMed

Robert, B; Perrin, M-A; Coquerel, G; Céolin, R; Rietveld, I B

2016-03-01

The topological pressure-temperature phase diagram for the dimorphism of spiperone, a potent neuroleptic drug, has been constructed using literature data and improved crystal structures obtained with new crystallographic data from single-crystal X-ray diffraction at various temperatures. It is inferred that form II, which is the more dense form and exhibits the lower melting temperature, becomes the more stable phase under pressure. Under ambient conditions, form I is more stable. Copyright © 2015 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hattrick-Simpers, Jason R.; Gregoire, John M.; Kusne, A. Gilad

With their ability to rapidly elucidate composition-structure-property relationships, high-throughput experimental studies have revolutionized how materials are discovered, optimized, and commercialized. It is now possible to synthesize and characterize high-throughput libraries that systematically address thousands of individual cuts of fabrication parameter space. An unresolved issue remains transforming structural characterization data into phase mappings. This difficulty is related to the complex information present in diffraction and spectroscopic data and its variation with composition and processing. Here, we review the field of automated phase diagram attribution and discuss the impact that emerging computational approaches will have in the generation of phase diagrams andmore » beyond.« less

Several routes to the glassy states in the one component soft core system: revisited by molecular dynamics.

PubMed

Habasaki, Junko; Ueda, Akira

2011-02-28

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to study the glass transition for the soft core system with a pair potential φ(n)(r) = ε(σ∕r)(n) of n = 12. Using the compressibility factor, PV/Nk(B)T=P̃(ρ*), its phase diagram can be represented as a function of a reduced density, ρ∗ = ρ(ε∕k(B)T)(3∕n), where ρ = Nσ(3)∕V. In the present work, NVE relaxations to the glassy or crystalline states starting from the unstable states in the phase diagram have been revisited in details and compared with other processes. Relaxation processes can be characterized by the time dependence of the dynamical compressibility factor (PV/Nk(B)T)(t) (≡g(ρ(t)*)) on the phase diagram. In some cases, g(ρ(t)*) reached a crystal branch in the phase diagram; however, metastable states are found in many cases. With connecting points for the metastable states in the phase diagram, we can define a glass branch where the dynamics of particles are almost frozen. The structures observed there have common properties characterized as glasses. Although overlaps of glass forming process and nanocrystallization process are observed in some cases, these behaviors are distinguishable to each other by the characteristics of structures. There are several routes to the glass branch and we suggest that all of them are the glass transition.

Nanostructure Formation by controlled dewetting on patterned substrates: A combined theoretical, modeling and experimental study.

PubMed

Lu, Liang-Xing; Wang, Ying-Min; Srinivasan, Bharathi Madurai; Asbahi, Mohamed; Yang, Joel K W; Zhang, Yong-Wei

2016-09-01

We perform systematic two-dimensional energetic analysis to study the stability of various nanostructures formed by dewetting solid films deposited on patterned substrates. Our analytical results show that by controlling system parameters such as the substrate surface pattern, film thickness and wetting angle, a variety of equilibrium nanostructures can be obtained. Phase diagrams are presented to show the complex relations between these system parameters and various nanostructure morphologies. We further carry out both phase field simulations and dewetting experiments to validate the analytically derived phase diagrams. Good agreements between the results from our energetic analyses and those from our phase field simulations and experiments verify our analysis. Hence, the phase diagrams presented here provide guidelines for using solid-state dewetting as a tool to achieve various nanostructures.

Analysing Vee Diagram Reflections to Explore Pre-Service Science Teachers' Understanding the Nature of Science in Biology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Savran-Gencer, Ayse

2014-01-01

Vee diagrams have been a metacognitive tool to help in learning the nature and structure of knowledge by reflecting on the scientific process and making knowledge much more explicit to learners during the practical work. This study aimed to assess pre-service science teachers' understanding some aspects of NOS by analyzing their reflections on the…

Statistical mechanics and combinatorics of some discrete lattice models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ayyer, Arvind

Many problems in statistical physics involve enumeration of certain objects. In this thesis, we apply ideas from combinatorics and statistical physics to understand three different lattice models. (I) We investigate the structure of the nonequilibrium stationary state (NESS) of a system of first and second class particles on L sites of a one-dimensional lattice in contact with first class particle reservoirs at the boundary sites and second class particles constrained to lie the system. The internal dynamics are described by the usual totally asymmetric exclusion process (TASEP) with second class particles. We show in a conceptually simple way how pinned and unpinned (fat) shocks determine the general structure of the phase diagram. We also point out some unexpected features in the microscopic structure of the NESS both for finite L and in the limit L → infinity. In the latter case the local distribution of second class particles is given by an equilibrium pressure ensemble with a pair potential between neighboring particles which grows logarithmically with distance. (II) We model a long linear polymer constrained between two plates as a walk on a two-dimensional lattice constrained to lie between two lines, x = y and x = y+w, which interacts with these lines via contact parameters s and t. The atomic steps of the walk can be taken to be from an arbitrary but fixed set S with the only condition being that the first coordinate of every element in S is strictly positive. For any such S and any w, we prescribe general algorithms (fully implemented in Maple) for the automated calculation of several mathematical and physical quantities of interest. (III) Ferrers (or Young) diagrams are very classical objects in representation theory, whose half-perimeter generating function of Ferrers diagrams is a straightforward rational function. We construct two new classes of Ferrers diagrams, which we call wicketed and gated Ferrers diagrams, which have internal voids in the shape of Ferrers diagrams, and calculate their half-perimeter generating functions, one of which is closely related to the generating function of the Catalan numbers, using a more abstract version of the usual transfer matrix method.

Stepwise flow diagram for the development of formulations of non spore-forming bacteria against foliar pathogens: The case of Lysobacter capsici AZ78.

PubMed

Segarra, Guillem; Puopolo, Gerardo; Giovannini, Oscar; Pertot, Ilaria

2015-12-20

The formulation is a significant step in biopesticide development and is an efficient way to obtain consistency in terms of biological control under field conditions. Nonetheless, there is still a lack of information regarding the processes needed to achieve efficient formulation of non spore-forming bacterial biological control agents. In response to this, we propose a flow diagram made up of six steps including selection of growth parameters, checking of minimum shelf life, selection of protective additives, checking that the additives have no adverse effects, validation of the additive mix under field conditions and choosing whether to use additives as co-formulants or tank mix additives. This diagram is intended to provide guidance and decision-making criteria for the formulation of non spore-forming bacterial biological control agents against foliar pathogens. The diagram was then validated by designing an efficient formulation for a Gram-negative bacterium, Lysobacter capsici AZ78, to control grapevine downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola. A harvest of 10(10)L. capsici AZ78cellsml(-1) was obtained in a bench top fermenter. The viability of cells decreased by only one order of magnitude after one year of storage at 4°C. The use of a combination of corn steep liquor, lignosulfonate, and polyethyleneglycol in the formulation improved the survival of L. capsici AZ78 cells living on grapevine leaves under field conditions by one order of magnitude. Furthermore, the use of these additives also guaranteed a reduction of 71% in P. viticola attacks. In conclusion, this work presents a straightforward stepwise flow diagram to help researchers develop formulations for biological control agents that are easy to prepare, stable, not phytotoxic and able to protect the microorganims under field conditions. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Observed Human Errors in Interpreting 3D visualizations: implications for Teaching Students how to Comprehend Geological Block Diagrams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bemis, K. G.; Pirl, E.; Chiang, J.; Tremaine, M.

2009-12-01

Block diagrams are commonly used to communicate three dimensional geological structures and other phenomena relevant to geological science (e.g., water bodies in the ocean). However, several recent studies have suggested that these 3D visualizations create difficulties for individuals with low to moderate spatial abilities. We have therefore initiated a series of studies to understand what it is about the 3D structures that make them so difficult for some people and also to determine if we can improve people’s understanding of these structures through web-based training not related to geology or other underlying information. Our first study examined what mistakes subjects made in a set of 3D block diagrams designed to represent progressively more difficult internal structures. Each block was shown bisected by a plane either perpendicular or at an angle to the block sides. Five low to medium spatial subjects were asked to draw the features that would appear on the bisecting plane. They were asked to talk aloud as they solved the problem. Each session was videotaped. Using the time it took subjects to solve the problems, the subject verbalizations of their problem solving and the drawings that were found to be in error, we have been able to find common patterns in the difficulties the subjects had with the diagrams. We have used these patterns to generate a set of strategies the subjects used in solving the problems. From these strategies, we are developing methods of teaching. A problem found in earlier work on geology structures was not observed in our study, that is, one of subjects failing to recognize the 2D representation of the block as 3D and drawing the cross-section as a combined version of the visible faces of the object. We attribute this to our experiment introduction, suggesting that even this simple training needs to be carried out with students encountering 3D block diagrams. Other problems subjects had included difficulties in perceptually recognizing variations in layer thicknesses, difficulties in recognizing an internal structure from the visible cues on the block walls, difficulties in mentally constructing objects and intersections that were not perpendicular, and difficulties in keeping track of the number of folds of a layer, and thus, the number of intersections of the layer with the bisecting plane. All of these problems suggest that web-based games giving mass practice with these variations in block diagram representations are likely to give any person appropriate skills in their interpretation. The time to complete the drawings and the errors in the drawings were also correlated with quantifiable properties of the diagrams, e.g., number of layers, number of folds in the layers, angle of bisection of the plane, etc. These will be used in further research to organize the training from easy to hard problems following what is known already about mass practice and developing abstracted skill sets. The plan is to also make the training adaptive, that is, to provide practice in those areas where an individual user is having the most problems.

Practical robustness measures in multivariable control system analysis. Ph.D. Thesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lehtomaki, N. A.

1981-01-01

The robustness of the stability of multivariable linear time invariant feedback control systems with respect to model uncertainty is considered using frequency domain criteria. Available robustness tests are unified under a common framework based on the nature and structure of model errors. These results are derived using a multivariable version of Nyquist's stability theorem in which the minimum singular value of the return difference transfer matrix is shown to be the multivariable generalization of the distance to the critical point on a single input, single output Nyquist diagram. Using the return difference transfer matrix, a very general robustness theorem is presented from which all of the robustness tests dealing with specific model errors may be derived. The robustness tests that explicitly utilized model error structure are able to guarantee feedback system stability in the face of model errors of larger magnitude than those robustness tests that do not. The robustness of linear quadratic Gaussian control systems are analyzed.

Morphological bubble evolution induced by air diffusion on submerged hydrophobic structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lv, Pengyu; Xiang, Yaolei; Xue, Yahui; Lin, Hao; Duan, Huiling

2017-03-01

Bubbles trapped in the cavities always play important roles in the underwater applications of structured hydrophobic surfaces. Air exchange between bubbles and surrounding water has a significant influence on the morphological bubble evolution, which in turn frequently affects the functionalities of the surfaces, such as superhydrophobicity and drag reduction. In this paper, air diffusion induced bubble evolution on submerged hydrophobic micropores under reduced pressures is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The morphological behaviors of collective and single bubbles are observed using confocal microscopy. Four representative evolution phases of bubbles are captured in situ. After depressurization, bubbles will not only grow and coalesce but also shrink and split although the applied pressure remains negative. A diffusion-based model is used to analyze the evolution behavior and the results are consistent with the experimental data. A criterion for bubble growth and shrinkage is also derived along with a phase diagram, revealing that the competition of effective gas partial pressures across the two sides of the diffusion layer dominates the bubble evolution process. Strategies for controlling the bubble evolution behavior are also proposed based on the phase diagram. The current work provides a further understanding of the general behavior of bubble evolution induced by air diffusion and can be employed to better designs of functional microstructured hydrophobic surfaces.

Maximum Power Point Tracking Control of Hydrokinetic Turbine and Low-speed High-Thrust Permanent Magnet Generator Design

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

Schematic of the generator and power converters built in PLECS ............. 26 Figure 3.12. Block diagram of the MPPT control built in Matlab/Simulink...validated by simulation results done in Matlab/Simulink R2010a and PLECS . Figure 3.9 shows the block diagram of the hydrokinetic system built in Matlab...rectifier, boost converter and battery model built in PLECS . The battery bank on the load side is simulated by a constant dc voltage source. 25

77 FR 35667 - Commission Information Collection Activities (FERC-567); Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-14

... Act of 1995, 44 United States Code (U.S.C.) 3507(a)(1)(D), the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission... Reports of System Flow Diagrams and System Capacity to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for... System Flow Diagrams and System Capacity. OMB Control No.: 1902-0005. Type of Request: Three-year...

Waterlike anomalies in a two-dimensional core-softened potential

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bordin, José Rafael; Barbosa, Marcia C.

2018-02-01

We investigate the structural, thermodynamic, and dynamic behavior of a two-dimensional (2D) core-corona system using Langevin dynamics simulations. The particles are modeled by employing a core-softened potential which exhibits waterlike anomalies in three dimensions. In previous studies in a quasi-2D system a new region in the pressure versus temperature phase diagram of structural anomalies was observed. Here we show that for the two-dimensional case two regions in the pressure versus temperature phase diagram with structural, density, and diffusion anomalies are observed. Our findings indicate that, while the anomalous region at lower densities is due the competition between the two length scales in the potential at higher densities, the anomalous region is related to the reentrance of the melting line.

The classification of two-loop integrand basis in pure four-dimension

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feng, Bo; Huang, Rijun

2013-02-01

In this paper, we have made the attempt to classify the integrand basis of all two-loop diagrams in pure four-dimensional space-time. The first step of our classification is to determine all different topologies of two-loop diagrams, i.e., the structure of denominators. The second step is to determine the set of independent numerators for each topology using Gröbner basis method. For the second step, varieties defined by putting all propagators on-shell has played an important role. We discuss the structures of varieties and how they split to various irreducible branches under specific kinematic configurations of external momenta. The structures of varieties are crucial to determine coefficients of integrand basis in reduction both numerically or analytically.

Geometrical study of phyllotactic patterns by Bernoulli spiral lattices.

PubMed

Sushida, Takamichi; Yamagishi, Yoshikazu

2017-06-01

Geometrical studies of phyllotactic patterns deal with the centric or cylindrical models produced by ideal lattices. van Iterson (Mathematische und mikroskopisch - anatomische Studien über Blattstellungen nebst Betrachtungen über den Schalenbau der Miliolinen, Verlag von Gustav Fischer, Jena, 1907) suggested a centric model representing ideal phyllotactic patterns as disk packings of Bernoulli spiral lattices and presented a phase diagram now called Van Iterson's diagram explaining the bifurcation processes of their combinatorial structures. Geometrical properties on disk packings were shown by Rothen & Koch (J. Phys France, 50(13), 1603-1621, 1989). In contrast, as another centric model, we organized a mathematical framework of Voronoi tilings of Bernoulli spiral lattices and showed mathematically that the phase diagram of a Voronoi tiling is graph-theoretically dual to Van Iterson's diagram. This paper gives a review of two centric models for disk packings and Voronoi tilings of Bernoulli spiral lattices. © 2017 Japanese Society of Developmental Biologists.

Phase diagram of supercooled water confined to hydrophilic nanopores

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Limmer, David T.; Chandler, David

2012-07-01

We present a phase diagram for water confined to cylindrical silica nanopores in terms of pressure, temperature, and pore radius. The confining cylindrical wall is hydrophilic and disordered, which has a destabilizing effect on ordered water structure. The phase diagram for this class of systems is derived from general arguments, with parameters taken from experimental observations and computer simulations and with assumptions tested by computer simulation. Phase space divides into three regions: a single liquid, a crystal-like solid, and glass. For large pores, radii exceeding 1 nm, water exhibits liquid and crystal-like behaviors, with abrupt crossovers between these regimes. For small pore radii, crystal-like behavior is unstable and water remains amorphous for all non-zero temperatures. At low enough temperatures, these states are glasses. Several experimental results for supercooled water can be understood in terms of the phase diagram we present.

The Butterfly diagram leopard skin pattern

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ternullo, Maurizio

2011-08-01

A time-latitude diagram where spotgroups are given proportional relevance to their area is presented. The diagram reveals that the spotted area distribution is higly dishomogeneous, most of it being concentrated in few, small portions (``knots'') of the Butterfly Diagram; because of this structure, the BD may be properly described as a cluster of knots. The description, assuming that spots scatter around the ``spot mean latitude'' steadily drifting equatorward, is challenged. Indeed, spots cluster around at as many latitudes as knots; a knot may appear at either lower or higher latitudes than previous ones, in a seemingly random way; accordingly, the spot mean latitude abruptly drifts equatorward or even poleward at any knot activation, in spite of any smoothing procedure. Preliminary analyses suggest that the activity splits, in any hemisphere, into two or more distinct ``activity waves'', drifting equatorward at a rate higher than the spot zone as a whole.

Automated Phase Segmentation for Large-Scale X-ray Diffraction Data Using a Graph-Based Phase Segmentation (GPhase) Algorithm.

PubMed

Xiong, Zheng; He, Yinyan; Hattrick-Simpers, Jason R; Hu, Jianjun

2017-03-13

The creation of composition-processing-structure relationships currently represents a key bottleneck for data analysis for high-throughput experimental (HTE) material studies. Here we propose an automated phase diagram attribution algorithm for HTE data analysis that uses a graph-based segmentation algorithm and Delaunay tessellation to create a crystal phase diagram from high throughput libraries of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. We also propose the sample-pair based objective evaluation measures for the phase diagram prediction problem. Our approach was validated using 278 diffraction patterns from a Fe-Ga-Pd composition spread sample with a prediction precision of 0.934 and a Matthews Correlation Coefficient score of 0.823. The algorithm was then applied to the open Ni-Mn-Al thin-film composition spread sample to obtain the first predicted phase diagram mapping for that sample.

When procedures discourage insight: epistemological consequences of prompting novice physics students to construct force diagrams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuo, Eric; Hallinen, Nicole R.; Conlin, Luke D.

2017-05-01

One aim of school science instruction is to help students become adaptive problem solvers. Though successful at structuring novice problem solving, step-by-step problem-solving frameworks may also constrain students' thinking. This study utilises a paradigm established by Heckler [(2010). Some consequences of prompting novice physics students to construct force diagrams. International Journal of Science Education, 32(14), 1829-1851] to test how cuing the first step in a standard framework affects undergraduate students' approaches and evaluation of solutions in physics problem solving. Specifically, prompting the construction of a standard diagram before problem solving increases the use of standard procedures, decreasing the use of a conceptual shortcut. Providing a diagram prompt also lowers students' ratings of informal approaches to similar problems. These results suggest that reminding students to follow typical problem-solving frameworks limits their views of what counts as good problem solving.

Fusion of multi-spectral and panchromatic images based on 2D-PWVD and SSIM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tan, Dongjie; Liu, Yi; Hou, Ruonan; Xue, Bindang

2016-03-01

A combined method using 2D pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (2D-PWVD) and structural similarity(SSIM) index is proposed for fusion of low resolution multi-spectral (MS) image and high resolution panchromatic (PAN) image. First, the intensity component of multi-spectral image is extracted with generalized IHS transform. Then, the spectrum diagrams of the intensity components of multi-spectral image and panchromatic image are obtained with 2D-PWVD. Different fusion rules are designed for different frequency information of the spectrum diagrams. SSIM index is used to evaluate the high frequency information of the spectrum diagrams for assigning the weights in the fusion processing adaptively. After the new spectrum diagram is achieved according to the fusion rule, the final fusion image can be obtained by inverse 2D-PWVD and inverse GIHS transform. Experimental results show that, the proposed method can obtain high quality fusion images.

Numerical sensitivity analysis of welding-induced residual stress depending on variations in continuous cooling transformation behavior

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heinze, C.; Schwenk, C.; Rethmeier, M.; Caron, J.

2011-06-01

The usage of continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams in numerical welding simulations is state of the art. Nevertheless, specifications provide limits in chemical composition of materials which result in different CCT behavior and CCT diagrams, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the influence of variations in CCT diagrams on the developing residual stresses. In the present paper, four CCT diagrams and their effect on numerical calculation of residual stresses are investigated for the widely used structural steel S355J2 + N welded by the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. Rather than performing an arbitrary adjustment of CCT behavior, four justifiable data sets were used as input to the numerical calculation: data available in the Sysweld database, experimental data acquired through Gleeble dilatometry tests, and TTT/CCT predictions calculated from the JMatPro and Edison Welding Institute (EWI) Virtual Joining Portal software. The performed numerical analyses resulted in noticeable deviations in residual stresses considering the different CCT diagrams. Furthermore, possibilities to improve the prediction of distortions and residual stress based on CCT behavior are discussed.

Diagramming the Never Ending Story: Student-generated diagrammatic stories integrate and retain science concepts improving science literacy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pillsbury, Ralph T.

This research examined an instructional strategy called Diagramming the Never Ending Story: A method called diagramming was taught to sixth grade students via an outdoor science inquiry ecology unit. Students generated diagrams of the new ecology concepts they encountered, creating explanatory 'captions' for their newly drawn diagrams while connecting them in a memorable story. The diagramming process culminates in 20-30 meter-long murals called the Never Ending Story: Months of science instruction are constructed as pictorial scrolls, making sense of all new science concepts they encounter. This method was taught at a North Carolina "Public" Charter School, Children's Community School, to measure its efficacy in helping students comprehend scientific concepts and retain them thereby increasing science literacy. There were four demographically similar classes of 20 students each. Two 'treatment' classes, randomly chosen from the four classes, generated their own Never Ending Stories after being taught the diagramming method. A Solomon Four-Group Design was employed: Two Classes (one control, one treatment) were administered pre- and post; two classes received post tests only. The tests were comprised of multiple choice, fill-in and extended response (open-ended) sections. Multiple choice and fill-in test data were not statistically significant whereas extended response test data confirm that treatment classes made statistically significant gains.

Persistency-field Eh-pH diagrams for sulfides and their application to supergene oxidation and enrichment of sulfide ore bodies

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sato, M.

1992-01-01

At temperatures prevailing near the Earth's surface, metastable co-existence of chemical substances is common because chemical reactions that would directly lead to the attainment of thermody-namically most stable equilibria are often blocked by high activation energy barriers. The persistency of a metastable assemblage is then governed by alternative reaction paths that provide lower activation energy barriers. Comparison of observed mineral assemblages in the supergene oxidized and enriched sulfide ores with corresponding stability Eh-pH diagrams reveals that the supergene assemblages are mostly metastable due primarily to the persistency of sulfide minerals beyond stability boundaries. A new set of diagrams called persistency-field Eh-pH diagrams has been constructed for binary metal sulfides on the basis of electrochemical and other experimental data. Each diagram delineates the persistency field, which is a combined field of thermodynamic stability and reaction path-controlled metastability, for a specific sulfide mineral. When applied to the supergene assemblages, these new diagrams show much better correspondence to the field observations. Although there may still be room for further refinement, the new diagrams appear to provide a strong visual aid to the understanding of the behavior of sulfide minerals in the supergene conditions. ?? 1992.

Fuzzy Petri nets to model vision system decisions within a flexible manufacturing system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hanna, Moheb M.; Buck, A. A.; Smith, R.

1994-10-01

The paper presents a Petri net approach to modelling, monitoring and control of the behavior of an FMS cell. The FMS cell described comprises a pick and place robot, vision system, CNC-milling machine and 3 conveyors. The work illustrates how the block diagrams in a hierarchical structure can be used to describe events at different levels of abstraction. It focuses on Fuzzy Petri nets (Fuzzy logic with Petri nets) including an artificial neural network (Fuzzy Neural Petri nets) to model and control vision system decisions and robot sequences within an FMS cell. This methodology can be used as a graphical modelling tool to monitor and control the imprecise, vague and uncertain situations, and determine the quality of the output product of an FMS cell.

Chaos, Chaos Control and Synchronization of a Gyrostat System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

GE, Z.-M.; LIN, T.-N.

2002-03-01

The dynamic behavior of a gyrostat system subjected to external disturbance is studied in this paper. By applying numerical results, phase diagrams, power spectrum, period-T maps, and Lyapunov exponents are presented to observe periodic and choatic motions. The effect of the parameters changed in the system can be found in the bifurcation and parametric diagrams. For global analysis, the basins of attraction of each attractor of the system are located by employing the modified interpolated cell mapping (MICM) method. Several methods, the delayed feedback control, the addition of constant torque, the addition of periodic force, the addition of periodic impulse torque, injection of dither signal control, adaptive control algorithm (ACA) control and bang-bang control are used to control chaos effectively. Finally, synchronization of chaos in the gyrostat system is studied.

Analysis and Development of a Web-Enabled Planning and Scheduling Database Application

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

establishes an entity—relationship diagram for the desired process, constructs an operable database using MySQL , and provides a web- enabled interface for...development, develop, design, process, re- engineering, reengineering, MySQL , structured query language, SQL, myPHPadmin. 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 107 16...relationship diagram for the desired process, constructs an operable database using MySQL , and provides a web-enabled interface for the population of

Tunable ferrite-based metamaterial structure and its application to a leaky-wave antenna

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berneti, Elahe Kargar; Ghalibafan, Javad

2018-06-01

In this paper, a new magnetically tunable substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) with composite right/left-handed (CRLH) response is presented. The structure consists of an array of interdigital slots on the upper wall of a SIW line with normally magnetized ferrite substrate. The electromagnetic properties of this structure are studied and the dispersion diagram is considered. The simulated results show that the proposed structure has a separate right- and left-handed leakage frequency region which can be simply controlled by varying the applied ferrite magnetic bias field. As an application, this leakage frequency band is exploited to build a new leaky-wave antenna (LWA) which its radiation pattern can be independently scanned by varying the frequency or the magnetic bias field. As another advantage, there is not any mechanical switch or electrical tuning chip in the proposed leaky-wave antenna.

Nanostructure Formation by controlled dewetting on patterned substrates: A combined theoretical, modeling and experimental study

PubMed Central

Lu, Liang-Xing; Wang, Ying-Min; Srinivasan, Bharathi Madurai; Asbahi, Mohamed; Yang, Joel K. W.; Zhang, Yong-Wei

2016-01-01

We perform systematic two-dimensional energetic analysis to study the stability of various nanostructures formed by dewetting solid films deposited on patterned substrates. Our analytical results show that by controlling system parameters such as the substrate surface pattern, film thickness and wetting angle, a variety of equilibrium nanostructures can be obtained. Phase diagrams are presented to show the complex relations between these system parameters and various nanostructure morphologies. We further carry out both phase field simulations and dewetting experiments to validate the analytically derived phase diagrams. Good agreements between the results from our energetic analyses and those from our phase field simulations and experiments verify our analysis. Hence, the phase diagrams presented here provide guidelines for using solid-state dewetting as a tool to achieve various nanostructures. PMID:27580943

Structural phase diagram for ultra-thin epitaxial Fe 3O 4 / MgO(0 01) films: thickness and oxygen pressure dependence

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Alraddadi, S.; Hines, W.; Yilmaz, T.

2016-02-19

A systematic investigation of the thickness and oxygen pressure dependence for the structural properties of ultra-thin epitaxial magnetite (Fe 3O 4) films has been carried out; for such films, the structural properties generally differ from those for the bulk when the thickness ≤10 nm. Iron oxide ultra-thin films with thicknesses varying from 3 nm to 20 nm were grown on MgO (001) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy under different oxygen pressures ranging from 1 × 10 -7 torr to 1 × 10 -5 torr. The crystallographic and electronic structures of the films were characterized using low energy electron diffraction (LEED)more » and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Moreover, the quality of the epitaxial Fe 3O 4 ultra-thin films was judged by magnetic measurements of the Verwey transition, along with complementary XPS spectra. We observed that under the same growth conditions the stoichiometry of ultra-thin films under 10 nm transforms from the Fe 3O 4 phase to the FeO phase. In this work, a phase diagram based on thickness and oxygen pressure has been constructed to explain the structural phase transformation. It was found that high-quality magnetite films with thicknesses ≤20 nm formed within a narrow range of oxygen pressure. An optimal and controlled growth process is a crucial requirement for the accurate study of the magnetic and electronic properties for ultra-thin Fe 3O 4 films. Furthermore, these results are significant because they may indicate a general trend in the growth of other oxide films, which has not been previously observed or considered.« less

Complexity of Products of Tungsten Corrosion: Comparison of the 3D Pourbaix Diagrams with the Experimental Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nave, Maryana I.; Kornev, Konstantin G.

2017-03-01

Tungsten is one of the most attractive metals in applications where materials are subject to high temperature and strong fields. However, in harsh aqueous environment, tungsten is prone to corrosion. Control of tungsten corrosion in aqueous solutions is a challenging task: as a transition metal, tungsten is able to produce a vast variety of oxides and hydrates. To reveal the thermodynamic pathway of corrosion at different conditions, the 3D Pourbaix diagrams relating the reduction potential, pH, and concentration of different tungsten-based compounds were constructed. These diagrams allow one to identify the most thermodynamically stable tungsten-based compounds. The 3D Pourbaix diagrams were used to explain different regimes of anodic dissolution of tungsten in aqueous solutions of potassium hydroxide.

Ten tools of continuous quality improvement: a review and case example of hospital discharge.

PubMed

Ziegenfuss, J T; McKenna, C K

1995-01-01

Concepts and methods of continuous quality improvement have been endorsed by quality specialists in American Health care, and their use has convinced CEOs that industrial methods can make a contribution to health and medical care. For all the quality improvement publications, there are still few that offer a clear, concise definition and an explanation of the primary tools for teaching purposes. This report reviews ten continuous quality improvement methods including: problem solving cycle, affinity diagrams, cause and effect diagrams, Pareto diagrams, histograms, bar charts, control charts, scatter diagrams, checklists, and a process decision program chart. These do not represent an exhaustive list, but a set of commonly used tools. They are applied to a case study of bed utilization in a university hospital.

Darwin's diagram of divergence of taxa as a causal model for the origin of species.

PubMed

Bouzat, Juan L

2014-03-01

On the basis that Darwin's theory of evolution encompasses two logically independent processes (common descent and natural selection), the only figure in On the Origin of Species (the Diagram of Divergence of Taxa) is often interpreted as illustrative of only one of these processes: the branching patterns representing common ancestry. Here, I argue that Darwin's Diagram of Divergence of Taxa represents a broad conceptual model of Darwin's theory, illustrating the causal efficacy of natural selection in producing well-defined varieties and ultimately species. The Tree Diagram encompasses the idea that natural selection explains common descent and the origin of organic diversity, thus representing a comprehensive model of Darwin's theory on the origin of species. I describe Darwin's Tree Diagram in relation to his argumentative strategy under the vera causa principle, and suggest that the testing of his theory based on the evidence from the geological record, the geographical distribution of organisms, and the mutual affinities of organic beings can be framed under the hypothetico-deductive method. Darwin's Diagram of Divergence of Taxa therefore represents a broad conceptual model that helps understanding the causal construction of Darwin's theory of evolution, the structure of his argumentative strategy, and the nature of his scientific methodology.

Towards classification of the bifurcation structure of a spherical cavitation bubble.

PubMed

Behnia, Sohrab; Sojahrood, Amin Jafari; Soltanpoor, Wiria; Sarkhosh, Leila

2009-12-01

We focus on a single cavitation bubble driven by ultrasound, a system which is a specimen of forced nonlinear oscillators and is characterized by its extreme sensitivity to the initial conditions. The driven radial oscillations of the bubble are considered to be implicated by the principles of chaos physics and owing to specific ranges of control parameters, can be periodic or chaotic. Despite the growing number of investigations on its dynamics, there is not yet an inclusive yardstick to sort the dynamical behavior of the bubble into classes; also, the response oscillations are so complex that long term prediction on the behavior becomes difficult to accomplish. In this study, the nonlinear dynamics of a bubble oscillator was treated numerically and the simulations were proceeded with bifurcation diagrams. The calculated bifurcation diagrams were compared in an attempt to classify the bubble dynamic characteristics when varying the control parameters. The comparison reveals distinctive bifurcation patterns as a consequence of driving the systems with unequal ratios of R(0)lambda (where R(0) is the bubble initial radius and lambda is the wavelength of the driving ultrasonic wave). Results indicated that systems having the equal ratio of R(0)lambda, share remarkable similarities in their bifurcating behavior and can be classified under a unit category.

Dynamic Analysis and Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller for a Chaotic Fractional Incommensurate Order Financial System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hajipour, Ahmad; Tavakoli, Hamidreza

2017-12-01

In this study, the dynamic behavior and chaos control of a chaotic fractional incommensurate-order financial system are investigated. Using well-known tools of nonlinear theory, i.e. Lyapunov exponents, phase diagrams and bifurcation diagrams, we observe some interesting phenomena, e.g. antimonotonicity, crisis phenomena and route to chaos through a period doubling sequence. Adopting largest Lyapunov exponent criteria, we find that the system yields chaos at the lowest order of 2.15. Next, in order to globally stabilize the chaotic fractional incommensurate order financial system with uncertain dynamics, an adaptive fractional sliding mode controller is designed. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

The microscopic structure of an exactly solvable model binary solution that exhibits two closed loops in the phase diagram.

PubMed

Lungu, Radu P; Huckaby, Dale A

2008-07-21

An exactly solvable lattice model describing a binary solution is considered where rodlike molecules of types AA and BB cover the links of a honeycomb lattice, the neighboring molecular ends having three-body and orientation-dependent bonding interactions. At phase coexistence of AA-rich and BB-rich phases, the average fraction of each type of triangle of neighboring molecular ends is calculated exactly. The fractions of the different types of triangles are then used to deduce the local microscopic structure of the coexisting phases for a case of the model that contains two closed loops in the phase diagram.

BetaSCPWeb: side-chain prediction for protein structures using Voronoi diagrams and geometry prioritization

PubMed Central

Ryu, Joonghyun; Lee, Mokwon; Cha, Jehyun; Laskowski, Roman A.; Ryu, Seong Eon; Kim, Deok-Soo

2016-01-01

Many applications, such as protein design, homology modeling, flexible docking, etc. require the prediction of a protein's optimal side-chain conformations from just its amino acid sequence and backbone structure. Side-chain prediction (SCP) is an NP-hard energy minimization problem. Here, we present BetaSCPWeb which efficiently computes a conformation close to optimal using a geometry-prioritization method based on the Voronoi diagram of spherical atoms. Its outputs are visual, textual and PDB file format. The web server is free and open to all users at http://voronoi.hanyang.ac.kr/betascpweb with no login requirement. PMID:27151195

Detection of LiveLock in BPMN Using Process Expression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tantitharanukul, Nasi; Jumpamule, Watcharee

Although the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) is a popular tool for modeling business process in conceptual level, the result diagram may contain structural problem. One of the structural problems is livelock. In this problem, one token proceeds to end event, while other token is still in process with no progression. In this paper, we introduce an expression liked method to detect livelock in the BPMN diagram. Our approach utilizes the power of the declarative ability of expression to determine all of the possible process chains, and indicate whether there are livelock or not. As a result, we have shown that our method can detect livelock, if any.

Combustion Processes in Solid Propellant Cracks

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-06-01

Ignition at the Closed End of an Inert Ctack . . ......................... 38 12. Block Diagram of Remotely-Controlled Ignition and Photography System ...41 13. Block Diagram of Data Acquisition System ... ........ .. 42 14. Measured Pressure-Time Traces for Crack...ignition system has been designed and fabricated. 5. Experimental firings with single-pore propellant grain have been conducted to study the effects of

Combining Self-Explaining with Computer Architecture Diagrams to Enhance the Learning of Assembly Language Programming

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hung, Y.-C.

2012-01-01

This paper investigates the impact of combining self explaining (SE) with computer architecture diagrams to help novice students learn assembly language programming. Pre- and post-test scores for the experimental and control groups were compared and subjected to covariance (ANCOVA) statistical analysis. Results indicate that the SE-plus-diagram…

Phase diagram and high degeneracy points for generic anisotropic exchange on the garnet lattice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andreanov, Alexei; McClarty, Paul

Garnet magnets with chemical formula RE3Ga5O12 where RE is a rare earth ion have properties that are determined by a combination of geometrical frustration and strong spin-orbit coupling. The former arises from the RE structure which consists of two interpenetrating hyperkagome lattices while the latter leads, in general, to an anisotropy in the magnetic exchange. We systematically explore and describe the full phase diagram for the case of all nearest-neighbor interactions compatible with lattice symmetries and consider the role of fluctuations and further neighbor couplings around high degeneracy points in the phase diagram. AA was supported by Project Code(IBS-R024-D1).

Spatiotemporal characterization of Ensemble Prediction Systems - the Mean-Variance of Logarithms (MVL) diagram

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gutiérrez, J. M.; Primo, C.; Rodríguez, M. A.; Fernández, J.

2008-02-01

We present a novel approach to characterize and graphically represent the spatiotemporal evolution of ensembles using a simple diagram. To this aim we analyze the fluctuations obtained as differences between each member of the ensemble and the control. The lognormal character of these fluctuations suggests a characterization in terms of the first two moments of the logarithmic transformed values. On one hand, the mean is associated with the exponential growth in time. On the other hand, the variance accounts for the spatial correlation and localization of fluctuations. In this paper we introduce the MVL (Mean-Variance of Logarithms) diagram to intuitively represent the interplay and evolution of these two quantities. We show that this diagram uncovers useful information about the spatiotemporal dynamics of the ensemble. Some universal features of the diagram are also described, associated either with the nonlinear system or with the ensemble method and illustrated using both toy models and numerical weather prediction systems.

Application of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), cause and effect analysis, and Pareto diagram in conjunction with HACCP to a corn curl manufacturing plant.

PubMed

Varzakas, Theodoros H; Arvanitoyannis, Ioannis S

2007-01-01

The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) model has been applied for the risk assessment of corn curl manufacturing. A tentative approach of FMEA application to the snacks industry was attempted in an effort to exclude the presence of GMOs in the final product. This is of crucial importance both from the ethics and the legislation (Regulations EC 1829/2003; EC 1830/2003; Directive EC 18/2001) point of view. The Preliminary Hazard Analysis and the Fault Tree Analysis were used to analyze and predict the occurring failure modes in a food chain system (corn curls processing plant), based on the functions, characteristics, and/or interactions of the ingredients or the processes, upon which the system depends. Critical Control points have been identified and implemented in the cause and effect diagram (also known as Ishikawa, tree diagram, and the fishbone diagram). Finally, Pareto diagrams were employed towards the optimization of GMOs detection potential of FMEA.

Evolution of magnetic Dirac bosons in a honeycomb lattice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boyko, D.; Balatsky, A. V.; Haraldsen, J. T.

2018-01-01

We examine the presence and evolution of magnetic Dirac nodes in the Heisenberg honeycomb lattice. Using linear spin theory, we evaluate the collinear phase diagram as well as the change in the spin dynamics with various exchange interactions. We show that the ferromagnetic structure produces bosonic Dirac and Weyl points due to the competition between the interactions. Furthermore, it is shown that the criteria for magnetic Dirac nodes are coupled to the magnetic structure and not the overall crystal symmetry, where the breaking of inversion symmetry greatly affects the antiferromagnetic configurations. The tunability of the nodal points through variation of the exchange parameters leads to the possibility of controlling Dirac symmetries through an external manipulation of the orbital interactions.

Implementing reusable software components for SNOMED CT diagram and expression concept representations.

PubMed

Bánfai, Balázs; Porció, Roland; Kovács, Tibor

2014-01-01

SNOMED CT is a vital component in the future of semantic interoperability in healthcare as it provides the meaning to EHRs via its semantically rich, controlled terminology. Communicating the concepts of this terminology to both humans and machines is crucial therefore formal guidelines for diagram and expression representations have been developed by the curators of SNOMED CT. This paper presents a novel, model-based approach to implementing these guidelines that allows simultaneous editing of a concept via both diagram and expression editors. The implemented extensible software component can be embedded both both desktop and web applications.

Asymmetrical booster ascent guidance and control system design study. Volume 5: Space shuttle powered explicit guidance. [space shuttle development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jaggers, R. F.

1974-01-01

An optimum powered explicit guidance algorithm capable of handling all space shuttle exoatospheric maneuvers is presented. The theoretical and practical basis for the currently baselined space shuttle powered flight guidance equations and logic is documented. Detailed flow diagrams for implementing the steering computations for all shuttle phases, including powered return to launch site (RTLS) abort, are also presented. Derivation of the powered RTLS algorithm is provided, as well as detailed flow diagrams for implementing the option. The flow diagrams and equations are compatible with the current powered flight documentation.

Ecological periodic tables: Killer apps for translational ecology

EPA Science Inventory

The chemical periodic table, the Linnaean system of classification and the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram are information organizing structures that have transformed chemistry, biology and astronomy, respectively. Ecological periodic tables are information organizing structures wit...

High-pressure phases of Weyl semimetals NbP, NbAs, TaP, and TaAs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, ZhaoPeng; Lu, PengChao; Chen, Tong; Wu, JueFei; Sun, Jian; Xing, DingYu

2018-03-01

In this study, we used the crystal structure search method and first-principles calculations to systematically explore the highpressure phase diagrams of the TaAs family (NbP, NbAs, TaP, and TaAs). Our calculation results show that NbAs and TaAs have similar phase diagrams, the same structural phase transition sequence I41 md→ P6¯ m2→ P21/ c→ Pm3¯ m, and slightly different transition pressures. The phase transition sequence of NbP and TaP differs somewhat from that of NbAs and TaAs, in which new structures emerge, such as the Cmcm structure in NbP and the Pmmn structure in TaP. Interestingly, we found that in the electronic structure of the high-pressure phase P6¯ m2-NbAs, there are coexistingWeyl points and triple degenerate points, similar to those found in high-pressure P6¯ m2-TaAs.

A projection-based model reduction strategy for the wave and vibration analysis of rotating periodic structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beli, D.; Mencik, J.-M.; Silva, P. B.; Arruda, J. R. F.

2018-05-01

The wave finite element method has proved to be an efficient and accurate numerical tool to perform the free and forced vibration analysis of linear reciprocal periodic structures, i.e. those conforming to symmetrical wave fields. In this paper, its use is extended to the analysis of rotating periodic structures, which, due to the gyroscopic effect, exhibit asymmetric wave propagation. A projection-based strategy which uses reduced symplectic wave basis is employed, which provides a well-conditioned eigenproblem for computing waves in rotating periodic structures. The proposed formulation is applied to the free and forced response analysis of homogeneous, multi-layered and phononic ring structures. In all test cases, the following features are highlighted: well-conditioned dispersion diagrams, good accuracy, and low computational time. The proposed strategy is particularly convenient in the simulation of rotating structures when parametric analysis for several rotational speeds is usually required, e.g. for calculating Campbell diagrams. This provides an efficient and flexible framework for the analysis of rotordynamic problems.

Phase diagram of germanium telluride encapsulated in carbon nanotubes from first-principles searches

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wynn, Jamie M.; Medeiros, Paulo V. C.; Vasylenko, Andrij; Sloan, Jeremy; Quigley, David; Morris, Andrew J.

2017-12-01

Germanium telluride has attracted great research interest, primarily because of its phase-change properties. We have developed a general scheme, based on the ab initio random structure searching (AIRSS) method, for predicting the structures of encapsulated nanowires, and using this we predict a number of thermodynamically stable structures of GeTe nanowires encapsulated inside carbon nanotubes of radii under 9 Å . We construct the phase diagram of encapsulated GeTe, which provides quantitative predictions about the energetic favorability of different filling structures as a function of the nanotube radius, such as the formation of a quasi-one-dimensional rock-salt-like phase inside nanotubes of radii between 5.4 and 7.9 Å . Simulated TEM images of our structures show excellent agreement between our results and experimental TEM imagery. We show that, for some nanotubes, the nanowires undergo temperature-induced phase transitions from one crystalline structure to another due to vibrational contributions to the free energy, which is a first step toward nano-phase-change memory devices.

Use of software engineering techniques in the design of the ALEPH data acquisition system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Charity, T.; McClatchey, R.; Harvey, J.

1987-08-01

The SASD methodology is being used to provide a rigorous design framework for various components of the ALEPH data acquisition system. The Entity-Relationship data model is used to describe the layout and configuration of the control and acquisition systems and detector components. State Transition Diagrams are used to specify control applications such as run control and resource management and Data Flow Diagrams assist in decomposing software tasks and defining interfaces between processes. These techniques encourage rigorous software design leading to enhanced functionality and reliability. Improved documentation and communication ensures continuity over the system life-cycle and simplifies project management.

Pressure–Temperature Phase Diagram Reveals Spin–Lattice Interactions in Co[N(CN) 2 ] 2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Musfeldt, J. L.; O’Neal, K. R.; Brinzari, T. V.

2017-04-07

Diamond anvil cell techniques, synchrotron-based infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and lattice dynamics calculations are combined with prior magnetic property work to reveal the pressure–temperature phase diagram of Co[N(CN)2]2. The second-order structural boundaries converge on key areas of activity involving the spin state exposing how the pressure-induced local lattice distortions trigger the ferromagnetic → antiferromagnetic transition in this quantum material.

Integrated Software Development System/Higher Order Software Conceptual Description (ISDS/HOS)

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-11-01

Structured Flowchart Conventions 270 6.3.5.3 Design Diagram Notation 273 xii HIGHER ORDER SOFTWARE, INC. 843 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE. CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS...associated with the process steps. They also reference other HIPO diagrams as well an non-HIPO documentation such as flowcharts or decision tables of...syntax that is easy to learn and must provide the novice with some prompting to help him avoid classic beginner errors. Desirable editing capabilities

Existence of small loops in a bifurcation diagram near degenerate eigenvalues

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hmidi, Taoufik; Renault, Coralie

2017-10-01

In this paper, we study the global structure of a bifurcation diagram for rotating doubly connected patches near a degenerate case for incompressible Euler equations. We show that branches with the same symmetry merge, forming a small loop, provided that they are close enough. This gives an analytical proof for the numerical observations conducted in the recent work by de la Hoz et al (2016 SIAM J. Math. Anal. 48 1892-928).

Phase Diagram and Electronic Structure of Praseodymium and Plutonium

DOE PAGES

Lanatà, Nicola; Yao, Yongxin; Wang, Cai-Zhuang; ...

2015-01-29

We develop a new implementation of the Gutzwiller approximation in combination with the local density approximation, which enables us to study complex 4f and 5f systems beyond the reach of previous approaches. We calculate from first principles the zero-temperature phase diagram and electronic structure of Pr and Pu, finding good agreement with the experiments. Our study of Pr indicates that its pressure-induced volume-collapse transition would not occur without change of lattice structure—contrarily to Ce. Our study of Pu shows that the most important effect originating the differentiation between the equilibrium densities of its allotropes is the competition between the Peierlsmore » effect and the Madelung interaction and not the dependence of the electron correlations on the lattice structure.« less

Building HVAC control knowledge data schema – Towards a unified representation of control system knowledge

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Yan; Treado, Stephen J.; Messner, John I.

Building control systems for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) play a key role in realizing the functionality and operation of building systems and components. Building Control Knowledge (BCK) is the logic and algorithms embedded throughout building control system. There are different methods to represent the BCK. These methods differ in the selection of BCK representing elements and the format of those elements. There is a lack of standard data schema, for storing, retrieving, and reusing structured BCK. In this study, a modular data schema is created for BCK representation. The data schema contains eleven representing elements, i.e., control modulemore » name, operation mode, system schematic, control flow diagram, data point, alarm, parameter, control sequence, function, and programming code. Each element is defined with specific attributes. This data schema is evaluated through a case study demonstration. The demonstration shows a new way to represent the BCK with standard formats.« less

Ecological periodic tables: in principle and practice - January 2013

EPA Science Inventory

The chemical periodic table, the Linnaean system of classification and the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram are iconic information organizing structures in chemistry, biology and astronomy, respectively. Ecological periodic tables are information organizing structures for ecology. T...

Density-functional theory for fluid-solid and solid-solid phase transitions.

PubMed

Bharadwaj, Atul S; Singh, Yashwant

2017-03-01

We develop a theory to describe solid-solid phase transitions. The density functional formalism of classical statistical mechanics is used to find an exact expression for the difference in the grand thermodynamic potentials of the two coexisting phases. The expression involves both the symmetry conserving and the symmetry broken parts of the direct pair correlation function. The theory is used to calculate phase diagram of systems of soft spheres interacting via inverse power potentials u(r)=ε(σ/r)^{n}, where parameter n measures softness of the potential. We find that for 1/n<0.154 systems freeze into the face centered cubic (fcc) structure while for 1/n≥0.154 the body-centred-cubic (bcc) structure is preferred. The bcc structure transforms into the fcc structure upon increasing the density. The calculated phase diagram is in good agreement with the one found from molecular simulations.

Low-Temperature Crystal Structures of the Hard Core Square Shoulder Model.

PubMed

Gabriëlse, Alexander; Löwen, Hartmut; Smallenburg, Frank

2017-11-07

In many cases, the stability of complex structures in colloidal systems is enhanced by a competition between different length scales. Inspired by recent experiments on nanoparticles coated with polymers, we use Monte Carlo simulations to explore the types of crystal structures that can form in a simple hard-core square shoulder model that explicitly incorporates two favored distances between the particles. To this end, we combine Monte Carlo-based crystal structure finding algorithms with free energies obtained using a mean-field cell theory approach, and draw phase diagrams for two different values of the square shoulder width as a function of the density and temperature. Moreover, we map out the zero-temperature phase diagram for a broad range of shoulder widths. Our results show the stability of a rich variety of crystal phases, such as body-centered orthogonal (BCO) lattices not previously considered for the square shoulder model.

Do health technology assessments comply with QUOROM diagram guidance? An empirical study.

PubMed

Hind, Daniel; Booth, Andrew

2007-11-20

The Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses (QUOROM) statement provides guidance for improving the quality of reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. To make the process of study selection transparent it recommends "a flow diagram providing information about the number of RCTs identified, included, and excluded and the reasons for excluding them". We undertook an empirical study to identify the extent of compliance in the UK Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme. We searched Medline to retrieve all systematic reviews of therapeutic interventions in the HTA monograph series published from 2001 to 2005. Two researchers recorded whether each study contained a meta-analysis of controlled trials, whether a QUOROM flow diagram was presented and, if so, whether it expressed the relationship between the number of citations and the number of studies. We used Cohen's kappa to test inter-rater reliability. 87 systematic reviews were retrieved. There was good and excellent inter-rater reliability for, respectively, whether a review contained a meta-analysis and whether each diagram contained a citation-to-study relationship. 49% of systematic reviews used a study selection flow diagram. When only systematic reviews containing a meta-analysis were analysed, compliance was only 32%. Only 20 studies (23% of all systematic reviews; 43% of those having a study selection diagram) had a diagram which expressed the relationship between citations and studies. Compliance with the recommendations of the QUOROM statement is not universal in systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Flow diagrams make the conduct of study selection transparent only if the relationship between citations and studies is clearly expressed. Reviewers should understand what they are counting: citations, papers, studies and trials are fundamentally different concepts which should not be confused in a diagram.

Status of 'HIMES' reentry flight test project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Inatani, Yoshifumi; Kawaguchi, Jun'ichiro; Yonemoto, Koichi

1990-10-01

The salient features of the Highly Maneuverable Experimental Space (HIMES) vehicle which is being developed by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science of Japan are discussed together with the results of tests conducted. Analytical studies carried out so far include system analyses, aerodynamic design, the navigation/guidance and control systems, the propulsion system, and structural studies. Results of flight tests conducted to verify these analyses include the low-speed gliding flight test and the atmospheric reentry flight test, as well as a ground firing test of the hydrogen-fueled propulsion system. Diagrams are presented of the HIMES vehicle and its propulsion engines.

SM-4 computer and CAMAC equipment in automating a ROMS-2A mass spectrometer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bulgakov, R.Sh.; Gafurov, R.A.; Safin, D.N.

1988-05-01

A data acquisition system was developed which provides for measuring mass peaks on three parameters as well as measuring working parameters. The computer memory stores 40 kHz signals, with an ADC cycle time of 10 microsec. A structural diagram is given together with upgrades made in the CAMAC apparatus to improve the speed and extend the application. Working parameters such as the pressures in pipes and the temperature in the test zone can be monitored by splitting the measurements into two cycles alternating with a controlled frequency: gas composition and technological parameter measurement.

Mathematical concepts for modeling human behavior in complex man-machine systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johannsen, G.; Rouse, W. B.

1979-01-01

Many human behavior (e.g., manual control) models have been found to be inadequate for describing processes in certain real complex man-machine systems. An attempt is made to find a way to overcome this problem by examining the range of applicability of existing mathematical models with respect to the hierarchy of human activities in real complex tasks. Automobile driving is chosen as a baseline scenario, and a hierarchy of human activities is derived by analyzing this task in general terms. A structural description leads to a block diagram and a time-sharing computer analogy.

Optical fiber sensors: Systems and applications. Volume 2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Culshaw, Brian; Dakin, John

State-of-the-art fiber-optic (FO) sensors and their applications are described in chapters contributed by leading experts. Consideration is given to interferometers, FO gyros, intensity- and wavelength-based sensors and optical actuators, Si in FO sensors, point-sensor multiplexing principles, and distributed FO sensor systems. Also examined are chemical, biochemical, and medical sensors; physical and chemical sensors for process control; FO-sensor applications in the marine and aerospace industries; FO-sensor monitoring systems for security and safety, structural integrity, NDE, and the electric-power industry; and the market situation for FO-sensor technology. Diagrams, drawings, graphs, and photographs are provided.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bohner, Bíborka; Endrődi, Balázs; Tóth, Ágota, E-mail: atoth@chem.u-szeged.hu

The precipitation reaction of calcium oxalate is studied experimentally in the presence of spatial gradients by controlled flow of calcium into oxalate solution. The density difference between the reactants leads to strong convection in the form of a gravity current that drives the spatiotemporal pattern formation. The phase diagram of the system is constructed, the evolving precipitate patterns are analyzed and quantitatively characterized by their diameters and the average height of the gravity flow. The compact structures of calcium oxalate monohydrate produced at low flow rates are replaced by the thermodynamically unstable calcium oxalate dihydrate favored in the presence ofmore » a strong gravity current.« less

Historical Analysis of C-130E Resources

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-07-01

DOCUMENTATION SEARCH AND COLLECTION FLOW 24 DIAGRAM 6. DATA ANALYSIS FLOW DIAGRAM TASK IV 29 7. C-130 INVENTORY BY CONFIGURATION 40 8. C-130 MISSION...RESORCE RESOURCES....EOUCE .’." * ESURE :;. 400 ................... - ., -...... ’.. ... ".......... ... ’... ’" SYSTEM DESIGN PERFORMANCE 4 , OPERATIO ...Force inventory , the control of the human and material resources crosses several functions and commands. Seldom are the initial estimates verified

CSTutor: A Sketch-Based Tool for Visualizing Data Structures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buchanan, Sarah; Laviola, Joseph J., Jr.

2014-01-01

We present CSTutor, a sketch-based interface designed to help students understand data structures, specifically Linked Lists, Binary Search Trees, AVL Trees, and Heaps. CSTutor creates an environment that seamlessly combines a user's sketched diagram and code. In each of these data structure modes, the user can naturally sketch a data structure on…

The Fundamental Physical Processes Producing and Controlling Stellar Coronal/ Transition-Region/Chromospheric Activity and Structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ayres, Thomas R.; Brown, Alexander

1998-01-01

Our LTSA grant supports a long-term collaborative investigation of stellar activity. The project involves current NASA spacecraft and supporting ground-based telescopes, will make use of future missions, and utilizes the extensive archives of IUE, ROSAT, HST, and EUVE. Our interests include observational work (with a nonnegligible groundbased component); specialized processing techniques for imaging and spectral data; and semiempirical modeling, ranging from optically-thin emission measure studies to simulations of optically-thick resonance lines. Collaborations with our cool-star colleagues here in Boulder (at JILA and the High Altitude Observatory) provide access to even broader expertise, particularly on the solar corona, convection, and magnetohydrodynamic phenomena (including "dynamo" theories). The broad-brush of our investigation include the following: (1) where do coronae occur in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram? (2) the winds of coronal stars: hot, cool, or both? (3) age, activity, rotation relations; (4) atmospheric inhomogeneities; and (5) heating mechanisms, subcoronal flows and flares. Our observation task has been to map the global properties of chromospheres and coronae in the H-R diagram and conduct detailed studies of key objects.

Thermo-stoichiometric behavior of aluminum-nickel nanoheater particles fabricated by galvanic replacement reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buckley, Jacqueline L.

2010-03-01

Al-Ni reactive nano-structures are gaining interest for various applications in aerospace, nano-manufacturing, and biomedical fields. However, nano-material behavior can vary from macro-scale. There has been no systematic study of Al-Ni exothermic reaction and intermetallic formation for nano-scale reactants. Therefore, this study aims to investigate deviations from the established Al-Ni phase diagram, with the premise that the intermetallic formation temperatures are expected to be lower for nano-reactants due to higher surface energy. Additionally, it is important to gain better understanding and control of the galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) fabrication method, which, in terms of producing Al-Ni bi-metallic nanoparticles, is a completely novel scheme. With an adapted phase diagram, intermetallic product and heat output of nanoparticles from any given stage of GRR process can be predicted. Al-Ni nanoparticles having ignitable Al-Ni ratios were fabricated via GRR method. Effects of composition and temperature on intermetallic formation were studied by in-situ XRD analysis. Effects of environment and heating rate on the Al-Ni exothermic reaction were also investigated.

The well-tuned blues: the role of structural colours as optical signals in the species recognition of a local butterfly fauna (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae)

PubMed Central

Bálint, Zsolt; Kertész, Krisztián; Piszter, Gábor; Vértesy, Zofia; Biró, László P.

2012-01-01

The photonic nanoarchitectures responsible for the blue colour of the males of nine polyommatine butterfly species living in the same site were investigated structurally by electron microscopy and spectrally by reflectance spectroscopy. Optical characterization was carried out on 110 exemplars. The structural data extracted by dedicated software and the spectral data extracted by standard software were inputted into an artificial neural network software to test the specificity of the structural and optical characteristics. It was found that both the structural and the spectral data allow species identification with an accuracy better than 90 per cent. The reflectance data were further analysed using a colour representation diagram built in a manner analogous to that of the human Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage diagram, but the additional blue visual pigment of lycaenid butterflies was taken into account. It was found that this butterfly-specific colour representation diagram yielded a much clearer distinction of the position of the investigated species compared with previous calculations using the human colour space. The specific colours of the investigated species were correlated with the 285 flight-period data points extracted from museum collections. The species with somewhat similar colours fly in distinct periods of the year such that the blue colours are well tuned for safe mate/competitor recognition. This allows for the creation of an effective pre-zygotic isolation mechanism for closely related synchronic and syntopic species. PMID:22319114

Space-Time Earthquake Prediction: The Error Diagrams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Molchan, G.

2010-08-01

The quality of earthquake prediction is usually characterized by a two-dimensional diagram n versus τ, where n is the rate of failures-to-predict and τ is a characteristic of space-time alarm. Unlike the time prediction case, the quantity τ is not defined uniquely. We start from the case in which τ is a vector with components related to the local alarm times and find a simple structure of the space-time diagram in terms of local time diagrams. This key result is used to analyze the usual 2-d error sets { n, τ w } in which τ w is a weighted mean of the τ components and w is the weight vector. We suggest a simple algorithm to find the ( n, τ w ) representation of all random guess strategies, the set D, and prove that there exists the unique case of w when D degenerates to the diagonal n + τ w = 1. We find also a confidence zone of D on the ( n, τ w ) plane when the local target rates are known roughly. These facts are important for correct interpretation of ( n, τ w ) diagrams when we discuss the prediction capability of the data or prediction methods.

Stepwise positional-orientational order and the multicritical-multistructural global phase diagram of the s=3/2 Ising model from renormalization-group theory.

PubMed

Yunus, Çağın; Renklioğlu, Başak; Keskin, Mustafa; Berker, A Nihat

2016-06-01

The spin-3/2 Ising model, with nearest-neighbor interactions only, is the prototypical system with two different ordering species, with concentrations regulated by a chemical potential. Its global phase diagram, obtained in d=3 by renormalization-group theory in the Migdal-Kadanoff approximation or equivalently as an exact solution of a d=3 hierarchical lattice, with flows subtended by 40 different fixed points, presents a very rich structure containing eight different ordered and disordered phases, with more than 14 different types of phase diagrams in temperature and chemical potential. It exhibits phases with orientational and/or positional order. It also exhibits quintuple phase transition reentrances. Universality of critical exponents is conserved across different renormalization-group flow basins via redundant fixed points. One of the phase diagrams contains a plastic crystal sequence, with positional and orientational ordering encountered consecutively as temperature is lowered. The global phase diagram also contains double critical points, first-order and critical lines between two ordered phases, critical end points, usual and unusual (inverted) bicritical points, tricritical points, multiple tetracritical points, and zero-temperature criticality and bicriticality. The four-state Potts permutation-symmetric subspace is contained in this model.

Emergence of the bifurcation structure of a Langmuir-Blodgett transfer model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Köpf, Michael H.; Thiele, Uwe

2014-11-01

We explore the bifurcation structure of a modified Cahn-Hilliard equation that describes a system that may undergo a first-order phase transition and is kept permanently out of equilibrium by a lateral driving. This forms a simple model, e.g., for the deposition of stripe patterns of different phases of surfactant molecules through Langmuir-Blodgett transfer. Employing continuation techniques the bifurcation structure is numerically investigated using the non-dimensional transfer velocity as the main control parameter. It is found that the snaking structure of steady front states is intertwined with a large number of branches of time-periodic solutions that emerge from Hopf or period-doubling bifurcations and end in global bifurcations (sniper and homoclinic). Overall the bifurcation diagram has a harp-like appearance. This is complemented by a two-parameter study in non-dimensional transfer velocity and domain size (as a measure of the distance to the phase transition threshold) that elucidates through which local and global codimension 2 bifurcations the entire harp-like structure emerges.

A New Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagram for AISI M4 High-Speed Tool Steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Briki, Jalel; Ben Slima, Souad

2008-12-01

The increasing evolution of dilatometric techniques now allows for the identification of structural transformations with very low signal. The use of dilatometric techniques coupled with more common techniques, such as metallographic, hardness testing, and x-ray diffraction allows to plot a new CCT diagram for AISI M4 high-speed tool steel. This diagram is useful for a better selection of alternate solutions, hardening, and tempering heat treatments. More accurate determination of the various fields of transformation of austenite during its cooling was made. The precipitation of carbides highlighted at high temperature is at the origin of the martrensitic transformation into two stages (splitting phenomena). For slow cooling rates, it was possible to highlight the ferritic, pearlitic, and bainitic transformation.

Bouncing-to-Merging Transition in Drop Impact on Liquid Film: Role of Liquid Viscosity.

PubMed

Tang, Xiaoyu; Saha, Abhishek; Law, Chung K; Sun, Chao

2018-02-27

When a drop impacts on a liquid surface, it can either bounce back or merge with the surface. The outcome affects many industrial processes, in which merging is preferred in spray coating to generate a uniform layer and bouncing is desired in internal combustion engines to prevent accumulation of the fuel drop on the wall. Thus, a good understanding of how to control the impact outcome is highly demanded to optimize the performance. For a given liquid, a regime diagram of bouncing and merging outcomes can be mapped in the space of Weber number (ratio of impact inertia and surface tension) versus film thickness. In addition, recognizing that the liquid viscosity is a fundamental fluid property that critically affects the impact outcome through viscous dissipation of the impact momentum, here we investigate liquids with a wide range of viscosity from 0.7 to 100 cSt, to assess its effect on the regime diagram. Results show that while the regime diagram maintains its general structure, the merging regime becomes smaller for more viscous liquids and the retraction merging regime disappears when the viscosity is very high. The viscous effects are modeled and subsequently the mathematical relations for the transition boundaries are proposed which agree well with the experiments. The new expressions account for all the liquid properties and impact conditions, thus providing a powerful tool to predict and manipulate the outcome when a drop impacts on a liquid film.

An Implementation Methodology and Software Tool for an Entropy Based Engineering Model for Evolving Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-06-01

delivery Data Access (1980s) "What were unit sales in New England last March?" Relational databases (RDBMS), Structured Query Language ( SQL ...macros written in Visual Basic for Applications ( VBA ). 32 Iteration Two: Class Diagram Tech OASIS Export ScriptImport Filter Data ProcessingMethod 1...MS Excel * 1 VBA Macro*1 contains sends data to co nt ai ns executes * * 1 1 contains contains Figure 20. Iteration two class diagram The

Evaluation of Brazed Joints Using Failure Assessment Diagram

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Flom, Yury

2012-01-01

Fitness-for service approach was used to perform structural analysis of the brazed joints consisting of several base metal / filler metal combinations. Failure Assessment Diagrams (FADs) based on tensile and shear stress ratios were constructed and experimentally validated. It was shown that such FADs can provide a conservative estimate of safe combinations of stresses in the brazed joints. Based on this approach, Margins of Safety (MS) of the brazed joints subjected to multi-axial loading conditions can be evaluated..

Syntax diagrams for body wave nomenclature, with generalizations for terrestrial planets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knapmeyer, M.

2003-04-01

The Apollo network on the Moon constitutes the beginning of planetary seismology. In the next few decades, we may see seismometers deployed on the Moon again, on Mars, and perhaps on other terrestrial planets or satellites. Any seismological software for computation of body wave travel times on other planets should be highly versatile and be prepared for a huge variety of velocity distributions and internal structures. A suite of trial models for a planet might, for example, contain models with and without solid inner cores. It would then be useful if the software could detect physically meaningless phase names automatically without actually carrying out any computation. It would also be useful if the program were prepared to deal with features like fully solid cores, internal oceans, and varying depths of mineralogical phase changes like the olivine-spinel transition. Syntax diagrams are a standard method to describe the syntax of programming languages. They represent a graphical way to define which letter or phrase is allowed to follow a given sequence of letters. Syntax diagrams may be stored in data structures that allow automatic evaluation of a given letter sequence. Such diagrams are presented here for a generalized body wave nomenclature. Generalizations are made to overcome earth-specific notations which incorporate discontinuity depths into phase names or to distinguish olivine transitions from ice-ice transitions (as expected on the Galilean Satellites).

BetaSCPWeb: side-chain prediction for protein structures using Voronoi diagrams and geometry prioritization.

PubMed

Ryu, Joonghyun; Lee, Mokwon; Cha, Jehyun; Laskowski, Roman A; Ryu, Seong Eon; Kim, Deok-Soo

2016-07-08

Many applications, such as protein design, homology modeling, flexible docking, etc. require the prediction of a protein's optimal side-chain conformations from just its amino acid sequence and backbone structure. Side-chain prediction (SCP) is an NP-hard energy minimization problem. Here, we present BetaSCPWeb which efficiently computes a conformation close to optimal using a geometry-prioritization method based on the Voronoi diagram of spherical atoms. Its outputs are visual, textual and PDB file format. The web server is free and open to all users at http://voronoi.hanyang.ac.kr/betascpweb with no login requirement. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

Perspective: Composition–structure–property mapping in high-throughput experiments: Turning data into knowledge

DOE PAGES

Hattrick-Simpers, Jason R.; Gregoire, John M.; Kusne, A. Gilad

2016-05-26

With their ability to rapidly elucidate composition-structure-property relationships, high-throughput experimental studies have revolutionized how materials are discovered, optimized, and commercialized. It is now possible to synthesize and characterize high-throughput libraries that systematically address thousands of individual cuts of fabrication parameter space. An unresolved issue remains transforming structural characterization data into phase mappings. This difficulty is related to the complex information present in diffraction and spectroscopic data and its variation with composition and processing. Here, we review the field of automated phase diagram attribution and discuss the impact that emerging computational approaches will have in the generation of phase diagrams andmore » beyond.« less

Aerodynamic Simulation Analysis of Unmanned Airborne Electronic Bomb

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Jiaoying; Guo, Yachao

2017-10-01

For microelectronic bombs for UAVs, on the basis of the use of rotors to lift the insurance on the basis of ammunition, increased tail to increase stability. The aerodynamic simulation of the outer structure of the ammunition was carried out by FLUENT software. The resistance coefficient, the lift coefficient and the pitch moment coefficient under different angle of attack and Mach number were obtained, and the aerodynamic characteristics of the electronic bomb were studied. The pressure line diagram and the velocity line diagram of the flow around the bomb are further analyzed, and the rationality of the external structure is verified, which provides a reference for the subsequent design of the electronic bomb.

Navigating at Will on the Water Phase Diagram

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pipolo, S.; Salanne, M.; Ferlat, G.; Klotz, S.; Saitta, A. M.; Pietrucci, F.

2017-12-01

Despite the simplicity of its molecular unit, water is a challenging system because of its uniquely rich polymorphism and predicted but yet unconfirmed features. Introducing a novel space of generalized coordinates that capture changes in the topology of the interatomic network, we are able to systematically track transitions among liquid, amorphous, and crystalline forms throughout the whole phase diagram of water, including the nucleation of crystals above and below the melting point. Our approach, based on molecular dynamics and enhanced sampling or free energy calculation techniques, is not specific to water and could be applied to very different structural phase transitions, paving the way towards the prediction of kinetic routes connecting polymorphic structures in a range of materials.

Separating the Representation from the Science: Training Students in Comprehending 3D Diagrams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bemis, K. G.; Silver, D.; Chiang, J.; Halpern, D.; Oh, K.; Tremaine, M.

2011-12-01

Studies of students taking first year geology and earth science courses at universities find that a remarkable number of them are confused by the three-dimensional representations used to explain the science [1]. Comprehension of these 3D representations has been found to be related to an individual's spatial ability [2]. A variety of interactive programs and animations have been created to help explain the diagrams to beginning students [3, 4]. This work has demonstrated comprehension improvement and removed a gender gap between male (high spatial) and female (low spatial) students [5]. However, not much research has examined what makes the 3D diagrams so hard to understand or attempted to build a theory for creating training designed to remove these difficulties. Our work has separated the science labeling and comprehension of the diagrams from the visualizations to examine how individuals mentally see the visualizations alone. In particular, we asked subjects to create a cross-sectional drawing of the internal structure of various 3D diagrams. We found that viewing planes (the coordinate system the designer applies to the diagram), cutting planes (the planes formed by the requested cross sections) and visual property planes (the planes formed by the prominent features of the diagram, e.g., a layer at an angle of 30 degrees to the top surface of the diagram) that deviated from a Cartesian coordinate system imposed by the viewer caused significant problems for subjects, in part because these deviations forced them to mentally re-orient their viewing perspective. Problems with deviations in all three types of plane were significantly harder than those deviating on one or two planes. Our results suggest training that does not focus on showing how the components of various 3D geologic formations are put together but rather training that guides students in re-orienting themselves to deviations that differ from their right-angle view of the world, e.g., by showing how a particular 3D visualization evolves from their Cartesian representation of the world. 1. Y. Kali and N. Orion, Spatial abilities of high-school students in the perception of geologic structures, Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 33, 4, 369-391, 1996. 2. A. Black, Spatial ability and earth science conceptual understanding, Journal of Geoscience Education, 53, 402-414, 2005 3. S. A. Sorby and B. J. Baartmans, The development and assessment of a course for enhancing the 3-D spatial visualization skills of first-year engineering students, Journal of Engineering Education Washington, 89, 301-308, 2000. 4. Y. Kali, N. Orion and E. Mazor, Software for assisting high-school students in the spatial perception of geological structures, Journal of Geoscience Education,45, 10-20, 1997. 5. D. Ben-Chaim. G. Lappan, and R. T. Houang, The effect of instruction on spatial visualization skills of middle school boys and girls, American Educational Research Journal, 25, 1, 51-71, 1988.

The isometric log-ratio (ilr)-ion plot: A proposed alternative to the Piper diagram

USGS Publications Warehouse

Shelton, Jenna L.; Engle, Mark A.; Buccianti, Antonella; Blondes, Madalyn S.

2018-01-01

The Piper diagram has been a staple for the analysis of water chemistry data since its introduction in 1944. It was conceived to be a method for water classification, determination of potential water mixing between end-members, and to aid in the identification of chemical reactions controlling a sample set. This study uses the information gleaned over the years since the release of the Piper diagram and proposes an alternative to it, capturing the strengths of the original diagram while adding new ideas to increase its robustness. The new method uses compositional data analysis to create 4 isometric log-ratio coordinates for the 6 major chemical species analyzed in the Piper diagram and transforms the data to a 4-field bi-plot, the ilr-ion plot. This ilr-ion plot conveys all of the information in the Piper diagram (water mixing, water types, and chemical reactions) while also visualizing additional data, the ability to examine Ca2+/Mg2+ versus Cl-/SO42−. The Piper and the ilr-ion plot were also compared using multiple synthetic and real datasets in order to illustrate the caveats and the advantages of using either diagram to analyze water chemistry data. Although there are challenges with using the ilr-ion plot (e.g., missing or zero values zeros in the dataset must be imputed by positive real numbers), it appears that the use of compositional data analysis coupled with the ilr-ion plot provides a more in-depth and complete analysis of water quality data compared to the original Piper diagram.

4. PHOTOCOPY OF DRAWING (1976 STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL DRAWING BY ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. PHOTOCOPY OF DRAWING (1976 STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL DRAWING BY THE SPACE AND MISSILE TEST CENTER, VAFB, USAF) STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM FOR EQUIPMENT STORAGE BUILDING, SHEET S-26 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Storage Shed, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

A Numerical Study of New Logistic Map

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khmou, Youssef

In this paper, we propose a new logistic map based on the relation of the information entropy, we study the bifurcation diagram comparatively to the standard logistic map. In the first part, we compare the obtained diagram, by numerical simulations, with that of the standard logistic map. It is found that the structures of both diagrams are similar where the range of the growth parameter is restricted to the interval [0,e]. In the second part, we present an application of the proposed map in traffic flow using macroscopic model. It is found that the bifurcation diagram is an exact model of the Greenberg’s model of traffic flow where the growth parameter corresponds to the optimal velocity and the random sequence corresponds to the density. In the last part, we present a second possible application of the proposed map which consists of random number generation. The results of the analysis show that the excluded initial values of the sequences are (0,1).

Temporal and spatial structure in a daily wildfire-start data set from the western United States (198696)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bartlein, P.J.; Hostetler, S.W.; Shafer, S.L.; Holman, J.O.; Solomon, A.M.

2008-01-01

The temporal and spatial structure of 332 404 daily fire-start records from the western United States for the period 1986 through 1996 is illustrated using several complimentary visualisation techniques. We supplement maps and time series plots with Hovmo??ller diagrams that reduce the spatial dimensionality of the daily data in order to reveal the underlying space?time structure. The mapped distributions of all lightning- and human-started fires during the 11-year interval show similar first-order patterns that reflect the broad-scale distribution of vegetation across the West and the annual cycle of climate. Lightning-started fires are concentrated in the summer half-year and occur in widespread outbreaks that last a few days and reflect coherent weather-related controls. In contrast, fires started by humans occur throughout the year and tend to be concentrated in regions surrounding large-population centres or intensive-agricultural areas. Although the primary controls of human-started fires are their location relative to burnable fuel and the level of human activity, spatially coherent, weather-related variations in their incidence can also be noted. ?? IAWF 2008.

A structural diagnostics diagram for metallofullerenes encapsulating metal carbides and nitrides.

PubMed

Maki, Sachiko; Nishibori, Eiji; Terauchi, Ikuya; Ishihara, Masayuki; Aoyagi, Shinobu; Sakata, Makoto; Takata, Masaki; Umemoto, Hisashi; Inoue, Takashi; Shinohara, Hisanori

2013-01-16

Systematic structural studies of 24 different kinds of endohedral metallofullerenes, M(x)C(2n) (M = La, Y, Sc, Lu, Ti, Eu, Er, Hf, Sc(3)N; 34 ≤ n ≤ 43), as 1:1 cocrystals with solvent toluene molecules have been carried out using synchrotron radiation powder diffraction. Thirteen of the 24 molecular structures, including five metal carbides, one metal nitride endohedral fullerene, and one hollow fullerene, have been determined by a combination of the maximum entropy method and Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction data obtained. We have found that the volume for one fullerene and one toluene molecule depends linearly on the number of carbon atoms in the fullerene cage. Fifteen different kinds of metal carbide endohedral fullerenes have been identified, which can be structurally characterized from the obtained lattice constants using only this linear dependence. The linear dependence found in the present study provides a metallofullerene diagnostics diagram that may have universal importance for structural characterization of the so-called cluster endohedral fullerenes.

High pressure–low temperature phase diagram of barium: Simplicity versus complexity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Desgreniers, Serge; Tse, John S., E-mail: John.Tse@usask.ca; State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun

2015-11-30

Barium holds a distinctive position among all elements studied upon densification. Indeed, it was the first example shown to violate the long-standing notion that high compression of simple metals should preserve or yield close-packed structures. From modest pressure conditions at room temperature, barium transforms at higher pressures from its simple structures to the extraordinarily complex atomic arrangements of the incommensurate and self-hosting Ba-IV phases. By a detailed mapping of the pressure/temperature structures of barium, we demonstrate the existence of another crystalline arrangement of barium, Ba-VI, at low temperature and high pressure. The simple structure of Ba-VI is unlike that ofmore » complex Ba-IV, the phase encountered in a similar pressure range at room temperature. First-principles calculations predict Ba-VI to be stable at high pressure and superconductive. The results illustrate the complexity of the low temperature-high pressure phase diagram of barium and the significant effect of temperature on structural phase transformations.« less

High-throughput determination of structural phase diagram and constituent phases using GRENDEL

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kusne, A. G.; Keller, D.; Anderson, A.; Zaban, A.; Takeuchi, I.

2015-11-01

Advances in high-throughput materials fabrication and characterization techniques have resulted in faster rates of data collection and rapidly growing volumes of experimental data. To convert this mass of information into actionable knowledge of material process-structure-property relationships requires high-throughput data analysis techniques. This work explores the use of the Graph-based endmember extraction and labeling (GRENDEL) algorithm as a high-throughput method for analyzing structural data from combinatorial libraries, specifically, to determine phase diagrams and constituent phases from both x-ray diffraction and Raman spectral data. The GRENDEL algorithm utilizes a set of physical constraints to optimize results and provides a framework by which additional physics-based constraints can be easily incorporated. GRENDEL also permits the integration of database data as shown by the use of critically evaluated data from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database in the x-ray diffraction data analysis. Also the Sunburst radial tree map is demonstrated as a tool to visualize material structure-property relationships found through graph based analysis.

Phase diagrams and crystal growth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Venkrbec, Jan

1980-04-01

Phase diagrams are briefly treated as generalized property-composition relationships, with respect to crystal technology optimization. The treatment is based on mutual interaction of three systems related to semiconductors: (a) the semiconducting material systems, (b0 the data bank, (c) the system of crystallization methods. A model is proposed enabling optimatization on the path from application requirements to the desired material. Further, several examples of the selection as to the composition of LED and laser diode material are given. Some of molten-solution-zone methods are being successfully introduced for this purpose. Common features of these methods, the application of phase diagrams, and their pecularities compared with other crystallization methods are illustrated by schematic diagrams and by examples. LPE methods, particularly the steady-state LPE methods such as Woodall's ISM and Nishizawa's TDM-CVP, and the CAM-S (Crystallization Method Providing Composition Autocontrol in Situ) have been chosen as examples. Another approach of exploiting phase diagrams for optimal material selection and for determination of growth condition before experimentation through a simple calculation is presented on InP-GaP solid solutions. Ternary phase diagrams are visualized in space through calculation and constructions based on the corresponding thermodynamic models and anaglyphs. These make it easy to observe and qualitatively analyze the crystallization of every composition. Phase diagrams can be also used as a powerful tool for the deduction of new crystallization methods. Eutectic crystallization is an example of such an approach where a modified molten-solution-zone method can give a sandwich structure with an abrupt concentration change. The concentration of a component can range from 0 to 100% in the different solid phases.

European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) availability stochastic model: integrating failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), influence diagram, and Bayesian network together

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verzichelli, Gianluca

2016-08-01

An Availability Stochastic Model for the E-ELT has been developed in GeNIE. The latter is a Graphical User Interface (GUI) for the Structural Modeling, Inference, and Learning Engine (SMILE), originally distributed by the Decision Systems Laboratory from the University of Pittsburgh, and now being a product of Bayes Fusion, LLC. The E-ELT will be the largest optical/near-infrared telescope in the world. Its design comprises an Alt-Azimuth mount reflecting telescope with a 39-metre-diameter segmented primary mirror, a 4-metre-diameter secondary mirror, a 3.75-metre-diameter tertiary mirror, adaptive optics and multiple instruments. This paper highlights how a Model has been developed for an earlier on assessment of the Telescope Avail- ability. It also describes the modular structure and the underlying assumptions that have been adopted for developing the model and demonstrates the integration of FMEA, Influence Diagram and Bayesian Network elements. These have been considered for a better characterization of the Model inputs and outputs and for taking into account Degraded-based Reliability (DBR). Lastly, it provides an overview of how the information and knowledge captured in the model may be used for an earlier on definition of the Failure, Detection, Isolation and Recovery (FDIR) Control Strategy and the Telescope Minimum Master Equipment List (T-MMEL).

Does the process map influence the outcome of quality improvement work? A comparison of a sequential flow diagram and a hierarchical task analysis diagram.

PubMed

Colligan, Lacey; Anderson, Janet E; Potts, Henry W W; Berman, Jonathan

2010-01-07

Many quality and safety improvement methods in healthcare rely on a complete and accurate map of the process. Process mapping in healthcare is often achieved using a sequential flow diagram, but there is little guidance available in the literature about the most effective type of process map to use. Moreover there is evidence that the organisation of information in an external representation affects reasoning and decision making. This exploratory study examined whether the type of process map - sequential or hierarchical - affects healthcare practitioners' judgments. A sequential and a hierarchical process map of a community-based anti coagulation clinic were produced based on data obtained from interviews, talk-throughs, attendance at a training session and examination of protocols and policies. Clinic practitioners were asked to specify the parts of the process that they judged to contain quality and safety concerns. The process maps were then shown to them in counter-balanced order and they were asked to circle on the diagrams the parts of the process where they had the greatest quality and safety concerns. A structured interview was then conducted, in which they were asked about various aspects of the diagrams. Quality and safety concerns cited by practitioners differed depending on whether they were or were not looking at a process map, and whether they were looking at a sequential diagram or a hierarchical diagram. More concerns were identified using the hierarchical diagram compared with the sequential diagram and more concerns were identified in relation to clinical work than administrative work. Participants' preference for the sequential or hierarchical diagram depended on the context in which they would be using it. The difficulties of determining the boundaries for the analysis and the granularity required were highlighted. The results indicated that the layout of a process map does influence perceptions of quality and safety problems in a process. In quality improvement work it is important to carefully consider the type of process map to be used and to consider using more than one map to ensure that different aspects of the process are captured.

Influence of V-Diagrams on 10th Grade Turkish Students' Achievement in the Subject of Mechanical Waves

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tekes, Hanife; Gonen, Selahattin

2012-01-01

The purpose of the present study was to examine how the use of V-diagrams one of the learning techniques used in laboratory studies in experiments conducted regarding the 10th grade lesson unit of "waves" influenced students' achievements. In the study, a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and posttest control group was used. The…

Development of a diagnostic diagram for rapid field assessment of acidosis severity in diarrheic calves.

PubMed

Bellino, Claudio; Arnaudo, Fabrizio; Biolatti, Cristina; Borrelli, Antonio; Gianella, Paola; Maurella, Cristiana; Zabaldano, Giuseppe; Cagnasso, Aurelio; D'Angelo, Antonio

2012-02-01

To develop a diagnostic diagram for rapid field assessment of acidosis severity in diarrheic calves. Prospective cross-sectional study. 148 Piedmontese calves (38 calves in preliminary experiments; 83 diarrheic calves and 27 healthy control calves in the primary experiment). Physical examination was performed and a standard data collection form was completed for each calf. Blood samples were obtained and submitted for evaluation of acid-base balance, performance of a CBC, and measurement of electrolyte and total protein concentrations. Severe metabolic acidosis (extracellular base excess more negative than -10 mmol/L) was associated with abnormal mental status, delayed or absent suckle reflex, abnormal posture or gait, enophthalmos, and cold oral mucosal membranes. Clinical signs associated with severe metabolic acidosis were arranged into a grid to create a diagnostic diagram. Sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic diagram for the prediction of severe metabolic acidosis were 88% and 79%, respectively. Use of the diagnostic diagram may aid differentiation between severe and nonsevere acidosis patterns as determined on the basis of clinical signs.

Electron Mobilities and Effective Masses in InGaAs/InAlAs HEMT Structures with High In Content

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuzeeva, N. A.; Sorokoumova, A. V.; Lunin, R. A.; Oveshnikov, L. N.; Galiev, G. B.; Klimov, E. A.; Lavruchin, D. V.; Kulbachinskii, V. A.

2016-12-01

InxGa_{1-{x}}As/InyAl_{1-{y}}As HEMT structures {δ}-doped by Si were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on InP substrate. We investigated the influence of the In content on the electron mobilities and effective masses in dimensionally quantized subbands. The electron effective masses were determined by the temperature dependence of the amplitude of the Shubnikov-de Haas effect at 1.6 and 4.2 K. We found that the more the In content in quantum well (QW), the less the electron effective masses. The mobilities are higher in HEMT structures with wider and deeper QW. The energy band diagrams were calculated by using Vegard's law for basic parameters. The calculated band diagrams are in a good agreement with the experimental data of photoluminescence spectra.

On structural transitions, thermodynamic equilibrium, and the phase diagram of DNA and RNA duplexes under torque and tension.

PubMed

Wereszczynski, Jeff; Andricioaei, Ioan

2006-10-31

A precise understanding of the flexibility of double stranded nucleic acids and the nature of their deformed conformations induced by external forces is important for a wide range of biological processes including transcriptional regulation, supercoil and catenane removal, and site-specific recombination. We present, at atomic resolution, a simulation of the dynamics involved in the transitions from B-DNA and A-RNA to Pauling (P) forms and to denatured states driven by application of external torque and tension. We then calculate the free energy profile along a B- to P-transition coordinate and from it, compute a reversible pathway, i.e., an isotherm of tension and torque pairs required to maintain P-DNA in equilibrium. The reversible isotherm maps correctly onto a phase diagram derived from single molecule experiments, and yields values of elongation, twist, and twist-stretch coupling in agreement with measured values. We also show that configurational entropy compensates significantly for the large electrostatic energy increase due to closer-packed P backbones. A similar set of simulations applied to RNA are used to predict a novel structure, P-RNA, with its associated free energy, equilibrium tension, torque and structural parameters, and to assign the location, on the phase-diagram, of a putative force-torque-dependent RNA "triple point."

Hardware Evolution of Analog Speed Controllers for a DC Motor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gwaltney, David A.; Ferguson, Michael I.

2003-01-01

This viewgraph presentation provides information on the design of analog speed controllers for DC motors on aerospace systems. The presentation includes an overview of controller evolution, evolvable controller configuration, an emphasis on proportion integral (PI) controllers, schematic diagrams, and experimental results.

Statechart-based design controllers for FPGA partial reconfiguration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Łabiak, Grzegorz; Wegrzyn, Marek; Rosado Muñoz, Alfredo

2015-09-01

Statechart diagram and UML technique can be a vital part of early conceptual modeling. At the present time there is no much support in hardware design methodologies for reconfiguration features of reprogrammable devices. Authors try to bridge the gap between imprecise UML model and formal HDL description. The key concept in author's proposal is to describe the behavior of the digital controller by statechart diagrams and to map some parts of the behavior into reprogrammable logic by means of group of states which forms sequential automaton. The whole process is illustrated by the example with experimental results.

Dynamics control of autonomous vehicle at driving limits and experiment on an autonomous formula racing car

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ni, Jun; Hu, Jibin

2017-06-01

In this paper, a novel dynamics controller for autonomous vehicle to simultaneously control it to the driving limits and follow the desired path is proposed. The dynamics controller consists of longitudinal and lateral controllers. In longitudinal controller, the G-G diagram is utilized to describe the driving and handling limits of the vehicle. The accurate G-G diagram is obtained based on phase plane approach and a nonlinear vehicle dynamic model with accurate tyre model. In lateral controller, the tyre cornering stiffness is estimated to improve the robustness of the controller. The stability analysis of the closed-looped error dynamics shows that the controller remains stable against parameters uncertainties in extreme condition such as tyre saturation. Finally, an electric autonomous Formula race car developed by the authors is used to validate the proposed controller. The autonomous driving experiment on an oval race track shows the efficiency and robustness of the proposed controller.

Experimental study on control performance of tuned liquid column dampers considering different excitation directions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Altunişik, Ahmet Can; Yetişken, Ali; Kahya, Volkan

2018-03-01

This paper gives experimental tests' results for the control performance of Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (TLCDs) installed on a prototype structure exposed to ground motions with different directions. The prototype structure designed in the laboratory consists of top and bottom plates with four columns. Finite element analyses and ambient vibration tests are first performed to extract the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the structure. Then, the damping ratio of the structure as well as the resonant frequency, head-loss coefficient, damping ratio, and water height-frequency diagram of the designed TLCD are obtained experimentally by the shaking table tests. To investigate the effect of TLCDs on the structural response, the prototype structure-TLCD coupled system is considered later, and its natural frequencies and related mode shapes are obtained numerically. The acceleration and displacement time-histories are obtained by the shaking table tests to evaluate its damping ratio. To consider different excitation directions, the measurements are repeated for the directions between 0° and 90° with 15° increment. It can be concluded from the study that TLCD causes to decrease the resonant frequency of the structure with increasing of the total mass. Damping ratio considerably increases with installing TLCD on the structure. This is more pronounced for the angles of 0°, 15°, 30° and 45°.

Phase diagram, chemical stability and physical properties of the solid-solution Ba{sub 4}Nb{sub 2-x}Ta{sub x}O{sub 9}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dunstan, Matthew T., E-mail: m.dunstan@chem.usyd.edu.au; Southon, Peter D.; Kepert, Cameron J.

Through the construction of the Ba{sub 4}Nb{sub 2-x}Ta{sub x}O{sub 9} phase diagram, it was discovered that the unique high-temperature {gamma} phase is a thermodynamic intermediate between the low-temperature {alpha} phase (Sr{sub 4}Ru{sub 2}O{sub 9}-type) and a 6H-perovskite. Refined site occupancies for the {gamma} phase across the Ba{sub 4}Nb{sub 2-x}Ta{sub x}O{sub 9} solid-solution indicate that Nb preferentially occupies the tetrahedral sites over the octahedral sites in the structure. When annealed in a CO{sub 2}-rich atmosphere, all of the phases studied absorb large amounts of CO{sub 2} at high temperatures between {approx}700 and 1300 K. In situ controlled-atmosphere diffraction studies show thatmore » this behaviour is linked to the formation of BaCO{sub 3} on the surface of the material, accompanied by a Ba{sub 5}(Nb,Ta){sub 4}O{sub 15} impurity phase. In situ diffraction in humid atmospheres also confirms that these materials hydrate below {approx}1273K, and that this plays a critical role in the various reconstructive phase transitions as well as giving rise to proton conduction. - Graphical abstract: Thermodynamic phase diagram of Ba{sub 4}Nb{sub 2-x}Ta{sub x}O{sub 9}. Highlights: > {gamma}-Ba{sub 4}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 9} phase is a structural intermediate between the {alpha} and 6H-perovskite phases. > Ba{sub 4}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 9} and Ba{sub 4}Ta{sub 2}O{sub 9} decompose at high temperatures in the presence of CO{sub 2}. > These materials all absorb between 5% and 6% of CO{sub 2} by mass between {approx}800 and 1200 K.« less

A New Program Structuring Mechanism Based on Layered Graphs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-12-01

which is a single-page diagram. Diagrams are constructed from some 40 symbols , chiefly A- boxes, arrows and annotations. A single model specifies a...are identified and used in describing it. 20The symbol "G" derives from the original use of the term "group" for "object slice". Since Ŕ" is already an...overloaded mathematical symbol , retaining "G" seems as good as any alternative. 21The names object slices and views reflect the interpretation placed

Effect of Variation of Silicon Nitride Passivation Layer on Electron Irradiated Aluminum Gallium Nitride/Gallium Nitride HEMT Structures

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-19

the AlGaN is unintentionally doped . Figure 2.3. AlGaN/GaN band diagram showing polarization charges. The band diagram in Figure 2.3 shows...intentionally doped as are MESFETS, and the channel gets its electrons from the unintentional doping . There is less Coulomb scattering in the...temperature measurements are often used to provide spatial PL maps of doping and trap densities. Laser excitation (quasi-monochromatic) is

Study of charge-phase diagrams for coupled system of Josephson junctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamdipour, M.; Shukrinov, Y. U. M.

2010-11-01

Dynamics of stacked intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJ) in the high-Tc superconductors is theoretically investigated. We calculate the current-voltage characteristics (CVC) of IJJ and study the breakpoint region on the outermost branch of the CVC for the stacks with 9 IJJ. A method for investigation of the fine structure in CVC of IJJ based on the recording the "phase-charge" diagrams is suggested. It is demonstrated that this method reflects the main features of the breakpoint region.

Role of Self-Directed Learning in Communication Competence and Self-Efficacy.

PubMed

Song, Youngshin; Yun, Soon Young; Kim, Sun-Ae; Ahn, Eun-Kyong; Jung, Mi Sook

2015-10-01

Although effective self-directed learning (SDL) has been shown to improve clinical performance, little is known about its role between communication competence and communication self-efficacy in nursing students. This study aimed to identify whether SDL mediates the relationship between communication competence and communication self-efficacy. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 213 nursing students taking a basic fundamentals of nursing course. A path diagram, using structural equation modeling, was used to estimate the direct and indirect effects of communication competence on communication self-efficacy, controlling for SDL as a mediator. A structural equation model confirmed direct and indirect effects of communication competence on communication self-efficacy when SDL was controlled as a mediator. An appropriate fit to the data was identified in this mediation model of SDL. For enhancing self-efficacy regarding communication skill, the specified SDL program based on the level of communication competence will yield more effective results. Copyright 2015, SLACK Incorporated.

Programmable controller system for wind tunnel diversion vanes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

King, R. F.

1982-01-01

A programmable controller (PC) system automatic sequence control, which acts as a supervisory controller for the servos, selects the proper drives, and automatically sequences the vanes, was developed for use in a subsonic wind tunnel. Tunnel modifications include a new second test section (80 ft x 100 ft with a maximum air speed capability of 110 knots) and an increase in maximum velocity flow from 200 knots to 300 knots. A completely automatic sequence control is necessary in order to allow intricate motion of the 14 triangularly arranged vanes which can be as large as 70 ft high x 35 ft wide and which require precise acceleration and deceleration control. Rate servos on each drive aid in this control, and servo cost was minimized by using four silicon controlled rectifier controllers to control the 20 dc drives. The PC has a programming capacity which facilitated the implementation of extensive logic design. A series of diagrams sequencing the vanes and a block diagram of the system are included.

DC motor proportional control system for orthotic devices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blaise, H. T.; Allen, J. R.

1972-01-01

Multi-channel proportional control system for operation of dc motors for use with externally-powered orthotic arm braces is described. Components of circuitry and principles of operation are described. Schematic diagram of control circuit is provided.

NASA Tech Briefs, May 2006

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

T-Shaped Emitter Metal Structures for HBTs Rigorous Estimation of SNR of a PSK Communication Link Advanced Ka-Band Transceiver With Monopulse Tracking EMI Filters for Low-Temperature Applications Lightweight Electronic Camera for Research on Clouds Pilot Weather Advisor System Waveguide Power-Amplifier Module for 80 to 150 GHz Better Back Contacts for Solar Cells on Flexible Substrates Topics covered include:Tunable, Highly Stable Lasers for Coherent Lidar; Improved Photon-Emission-Microscope System; Program Synthesizes UML Sequence Diagrams; Aspect-Oriented Subprogram Synthesizes UML Sequence Diagrams; Updated Computational Model of Cosmic Rays Near Earth; Software for Alignment of Segments of a Telescope Mirror; Simulation of Dropping of Cargo With Parachutes; DAVE-ML Utility Program; Robust Control for the Mercury Laser Altimeter; Thermally Stable Piezoelectric and Pyroelectric Polymers; Combustion Synthesis of Ca3(PO4)2 Net-Shape Surgical Implants; Stochastic Representation of Chaos Using Terminal Attractors; Two High-Temperature Foil Journal Bearings; Using Plates To Represent Fillets in Finite-Element Modeling; Repairing Chipped Silicide Coatings on Refractory Metal Substrates; Simplified Fabrication of Helical Copper Antennas; Graded-Index "Whispering-Gallery" Optical Microresonators; Optical Profilometers Using Adaptive Signal Processing; Manufacture of Sparse-Spectrum Optical Microresonators; Exact Tuning of High-Q Optical Microresonators by Use of UV; Automation for "Direct-to" Clearances in Air-Traffic Control; Improved Traps for Removing Gases From Coolant Liquids; and Lunar Constellation of Frozen Elliptical Inclined Orbits.

Electronic Structure of pi Systems: Part II. The Unification of Huckel and Valence Bond Theories.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fox, Marye Anne; Matsen, F. A.

1985-01-01

Presents a new view of the electronic structure of pi systems that unifies molecular orbital and valence bond theories. Describes construction of electronic structure diagrams (central to this new view) which demonstrate how configuration interaction can improve qualitative predictions made from simple Huckel theory. (JN)

Some Techniques for Teaching about the Structure and Function of Chromosomes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lowery, Roger; Taylor, Neil; Nathan, Subhashni

2000-01-01

Presents a teaching activity that uses photographs and diagrams to simulate two microscopic laboratory techniques used to observe the structure of chromosomes. Techniques include observation of squashed onion root tips and the salivary glands of some fruitfly larvae. (WRM)

Characterizing Interaction with Visual Mathematical Representations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sedig, Kamran; Sumner, Mark

2006-01-01

This paper presents a characterization of computer-based interactions by which learners can explore and investigate visual mathematical representations (VMRs). VMRs (e.g., geometric structures, graphs, and diagrams) refer to graphical representations that visually encode properties and relationships of mathematical structures and concepts.…

Phase diagrams of ferroelectric nanocrystals strained by an elastic matrix

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nikitchenko, A. I.; Azovtsev, A. V.; Pertsev, N. A.

2018-01-01

Ferroelectric crystallites embedded into a dielectric matrix experience temperature-dependent elastic strains caused by differences in the thermal expansion of the crystallites and the matrix. Owing to the electrostriction, these lattice strains may affect polarization states of ferroelectric inclusions significantly, making them different from those of a stress-free bulk crystal. Here, using a nonlinear thermodynamic theory, we study the mechanical effect of elastic matrix on the phase states of embedded single-domain ferroelectric nanocrystals. Their equilibrium polarization states are determined by minimizing a special thermodynamic potential that describes the energetics of an ellipsoidal ferroelectric inclusion surrounded by a linear elastic medium. To demonstrate the stability ranges of such states for a given material combination, we construct a phase diagram, where the inclusion’s shape anisotropy and temperature are used as two parameters. The ‘shape-temperature’ phase diagrams are calculated numerically for PbTiO3 and BaTiO3 nanocrystals embedded into representative dielectric matrices generating tensile (silica glass) or compressive (potassium silicate glass) thermal stresses inside ferroelectric inclusions. The developed phase maps demonstrate that the joint effect of thermal stresses and matrix-induced elastic clamping of ferroelectric inclusions gives rise to several important features in the polarization behavior of PbTiO3 and BaTiO3 nanocrystals. In particular, the Curie temperature displays a nonmonotonic variation with the ellipsoid’s aspect ratio, being minimal for spherical inclusions. Furthermore, the diagrams show that the polarization orientation with respect to the ellipsoid’s symmetry axis is controlled by the shape anisotropy and the sign of thermal stresses. Under certain conditions, the mechanical inclusion-matrix interaction qualitatively alters the evolution of ferroelectric states on cooling, inducing a structural transition in PbTiO3 nanocrystals and suppressing in BaTiO3 inclusions some transformations occurring in their bulk counterpart. The constructed phase maps open the possibility to calculate dielectric properties of strained PbTiO3 and BaTiO3 nanocrystals and ferroelectric nanocomposites comprising such crystallites.

Good Trellises for IC Implementation of Viterbi Decoders for Linear Block Codes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moorthy, Hari T.; Lin, Shu; Uehara, Gregory T.

1997-01-01

This paper investigates trellis structures of linear block codes for the integrated circuit (IC) implementation of Viterbi decoders capable of achieving high decoding speed while satisfying a constraint on the structural complexity of the trellis in terms of the maximum number of states at any particular depth. Only uniform sectionalizations of the code trellis diagram are considered. An upper-bound on the number of parallel and structurally identical (or isomorphic) subtrellises in a proper trellis for a code without exceeding the maximum state complexity of the minimal trellis of the code is first derived. Parallel structures of trellises with various section lengths for binary BCH and Reed-Muller (RM) codes of lengths 32 and 64 are analyzed. Next, the complexity of IC implementation of a Viterbi decoder based on an L-section trellis diagram for a code is investigated. A structural property of a Viterbi decoder called add-compare-select (ACS)-connectivity which is related to state connectivity is introduced. This parameter affects the complexity of wire-routing (interconnections within the IC). The effect of five parameters namely: (1) effective computational complexity; (2) complexity of the ACS-circuit; (3) traceback complexity; (4) ACS-connectivity; and (5) branch complexity of a trellis diagram on the very large scale integration (VISI) complexity of a Viterbi decoder is investigated. It is shown that an IC implementation of a Viterbi decoder based on a nonminimal trellis requires less area and is capable of operation at higher speed than one based on the minimal trellis when the commonly used ACS-array architecture is considered.

Good trellises for IC implementation of viterbi decoders for linear block codes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lin, Shu; Moorthy, Hari T.; Uehara, Gregory T.

1996-01-01

This paper investigates trellis structures of linear block codes for the IC (integrated circuit) implementation of Viterbi decoders capable of achieving high decoding speed while satisfying a constraint on the structural complexity of the trellis in terms of the maximum number of states at any particular depth. Only uniform sectionalizations of the code trellis diagram are considered. An upper bound on the number of parallel and structurally identical (or isomorphic) subtrellises in a proper trellis for a code without exceeding the maximum state complexity of the minimal trellis of the code is first derived. Parallel structures of trellises with various section lengths for binary BCH and Reed-Muller (RM) codes of lengths 32 and 64 are analyzed. Next, the complexity of IC implementation of a Viterbi decoder based on an L-section trellis diagram for a code is investigated. A structural property of a Viterbi decoder called ACS-connectivity which is related to state connectivity is introduced. This parameter affects the complexity of wire-routing (interconnections within the IC). The effect of five parameters namely: (1) effective computational complexity; (2) complexity of the ACS-circuit; (3) traceback complexity; (4) ACS-connectivity; and (5) branch complexity of a trellis diagram on the VLSI complexity of a Viterbi decoder is investigated. It is shown that an IC implementation of a Viterbi decoder based on a non-minimal trellis requires less area and is capable of operation at higher speed than one based on the minimal trellis when the commonly used ACS-array architecture is considered.

Total Quality Management in Construction

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-08-01

1989. I Ishikawa , Kaoru . Guide to Quality Control. White Plains, New York: Asian Productivity Organization, 1982. 5 Kelso, Frank B. II, Admiral...category are explored to determine the most significant causes which produce the effect. Figure 24 shows a typical cause-and effect diagram. Kaoru ... Ishikawa describes cause-and-effect diagrams as I an effective tool "to clearly illustrate the various causes I affecting quality by sorting out and relating

40 CFR 63.325 - Determination of equivalent emission control technology.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... control technology. 63.325 Section 63.325 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Determination of equivalent emission control technology. (a) Any person requesting that the use of certain... equivalent emission reductions: (1) Diagrams, as appropriate, illustrating the emission control technology...

Controlling Chirality of Entropic Crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Damasceno, Pablo F.; Karas, Andrew S.; Schultz, Benjamin A.; Engel, Michael; Glotzer, Sharon C.

2015-10-01

Colloidal crystal structures with complexity and diversity rivaling atomic and molecular crystals have been predicted and obtained for hard particles by entropy maximization. However, thus far homochiral colloidal crystals, which are candidates for photonic metamaterials, are absent. Using Monte Carlo simulations we show that chiral polyhedra exhibiting weak directional entropic forces self-assemble either an achiral crystal or a chiral crystal with limited control over the crystal handedness. Building blocks with stronger faceting exhibit higher selectivity and assemble a chiral crystal with handedness uniquely determined by the particle chirality. Tuning the strength of directional entropic forces by means of particle rounding or the use of depletants allows for reconfiguration between achiral and homochiral crystals. We rationalize our findings by quantifying the chirality strength of each particle, both from particle geometry and potential of mean force and torque diagrams.

Tenth-order QED contribution to the electron g-2 and an improved value of the fine structure constant.

PubMed

Aoyama, Tatsumi; Hayakawa, Masashi; Kinoshita, Toichiro; Nio, Makiko

2012-09-14

This letter presents the complete QED contribution to the electron g-2 up to the tenth order. With the help of the automatic code generator, we evaluate all 12,672 diagrams of the tenth-order diagrams and obtain 9.16 (58)(α/π)(5). We also improve the eighth-order contribution obtaining -1.9097 (20)(α/π)(4), which includes the mass-dependent contributions. These results lead to a(e)(theory)=1,159,652,181.78(77)×10(-12). The improved value of the fine-structure constant α(-1)=137.035999173 (35) [0.25 ppb] is also derived from the theory and measurement of a(e).

Bi-layer graphene structure with non-equivalent planes: Magnetic properties study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mhirech, A.; Aouini, S.; Alaoui-Ismaili, A.; Bahmad, L.

2018-05-01

In this paper, we study the magnetic properties of a ferromagnetic bi-layer graphene structure with non-equivalent planes. The geometry of the studied system is formed by two layers (A) and (B) consisting of the spins σ = 1 / 2 and S = 1 . For this purpose, the influence of the coupling exchange interactions, the external magnetic and the crystal fields are investigated and presented as well as the ground state phase diagrams. The Monte Carlo simulations have been used to examine the behavior of the partial and the total magnetizations as a function of the system parameters. These effects on the compensation and critical temperatures behavior are also presented in different phase diagrams, for the studied system.

Effects of iterative learning based signal control strategies on macroscopic fundamental diagrams of urban road networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Fei; Tian, Fuli; Shi, Zhongke

2016-10-01

Urban traffic flows are inherently repeated on a daily or weekly basis. This repeatability can help improve the traffic conditions if it is used properly by the control system. In this paper, we propose a novel iterative learning control (ILC) strategy for traffic signals of urban road networks using the repeatability feature of traffic flow. To improve the control robustness, the ILC strategy is further integrated with an error feedback control law in a complementary manner. Theoretical analysis indicates that the ILC-based traffic signal control methods can guarantee the asymptotic learning convergence, despite the presence of modeling uncertainties and exogenous disturbances. Finally, the impacts of the ILC-based signal control strategies on the network macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) are examined. The results show that the proposed ILC-based control strategies can homogenously distribute the network accumulation by controlling the vehicle numbers in each link to the desired levels under different traffic demands, which can result in the network with high capacity and mobility.

Mono- and polynucleation, atomistic growth, and crystal phase of III-V nanowires under varying group V flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dubrovskii, V. G.

2015-05-01

We present a refined model for the vapor-liquid-solid growth and crystal structure of Au-catalyzed III-V nanowires, which revisits several assumptions used so far and is capable of describing the transition from mononuclear to polynuclear regime and ultimately to regular atomistic growth. We construct the crystal phase diagrams and calculate the wurtzite percentages, elongation rates, critical sizes, and polynucleation thresholds of Au-catalyzed GaAs nanowires depending on the As flow. We find a non-monotonic dependence of the crystal phase on the group V flow, with the zincblende structure being preferred at low and high group V flows and the wurtzite structure forming at intermediate group V flows. This correlates with most of the available experimental data. Finally, we discuss the atomistic growth picture which yields zincblende crystal structure and should be very advantageous for fabrication of ternary III-V nanowires with well-controlled composition and heterointerfaces.

Diagramming Scientific Papers - A New Idea for Understanding/Teaching/Sharing Science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saltus, R. W.; Fedi, M.

2014-12-01

How do we best communicate scientific results? As the number of scientists and scientific papers steadily increases, one of the greatest challenges is effective and efficient sharing of science. The official repository of scientific knowledge is the peer-reviewed journal archive. However, this primary knowledge can be difficult to access and understand by anyone but a relevant specialist. We propose some new ideas for diagramming the content and significance of scientific papers using a simple and intuitive graphical approach. We propose a visual mapping that highlights four fundamental aspects of most scientific papers: Data, Methods/Models, Results/Ideas, and Implications/Importance. Each of these aspects is illustrated within boxed fields which contain one or more labeled elements positioned to reflect novelty (aka originality) and impact relative to the vertical and horizontal axes. The relative position of the boxed fields themselves indicates the relative significance of data, methods, ideas, or implications to the paper. Optional lines between boxed elements indicate the flow and dependence of data/methods/ideas within the paper. As with any graphical depiction, you need to see it to best appreciate it -- this written abstract is only meant as an introduction to the idea.We anticipate that diagramming may prove useful in both communication of scientific ideas among scientists as well as in education and outreach. For example, professors could assign diagramming of papers as a way to help students organize their thoughts about the structure and impact of scientific articles. Students could compare and defend their diagrams as a way to facilitate discussion/debate. Authors could diagram their own work as a way to efficiently summarize the importance and significance of their work. We also imagine that (in the future) automatic diagramming might be used to help summarize or facilitate the discovery of archived work.

Liquid part of the phase diagram and percolation line for two-dimensional Mercedes-Benz water.

PubMed

Urbic, T

2017-09-01

Monte Carlo simulations and Wertheim's thermodynamic perturbation theory (TPT) are used to predict the phase diagram and percolation curve for the simple two-dimensional Mercedes-Benz (MB) model of water. The MB model of water is quite popular for explaining water properties, but the phase diagram has not been reported till now. In the MB model, water molecules are modeled as two-dimensional Lennard-Jones disks, with three orientation-dependent hydrogen-bonding arms, arranged as in the MB logo. The liquid part of the phase space is explored using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations and two versions of Wertheim's TPT for associative fluids, which have been used before to predict the properties of the simple MB model. We find that the theory reproduces well the physical properties of hot water but is less successful at capturing the more structured hydrogen bonding that occurs in cold water. In addition to reporting the phase diagram and percolation curve of the model, it is shown that the improved TPT predicts the phase diagram rather well, while the standard one predicts a phase transition at lower temperatures. For the percolation line, both versions have problems predicting the correct position of the line at high temperatures.

Liquid part of the phase diagram and percolation line for two-dimensional Mercedes-Benz water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Urbic, T.

2017-09-01

Monte Carlo simulations and Wertheim's thermodynamic perturbation theory (TPT) are used to predict the phase diagram and percolation curve for the simple two-dimensional Mercedes-Benz (MB) model of water. The MB model of water is quite popular for explaining water properties, but the phase diagram has not been reported till now. In the MB model, water molecules are modeled as two-dimensional Lennard-Jones disks, with three orientation-dependent hydrogen-bonding arms, arranged as in the MB logo. The liquid part of the phase space is explored using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations and two versions of Wertheim's TPT for associative fluids, which have been used before to predict the properties of the simple MB model. We find that the theory reproduces well the physical properties of hot water but is less successful at capturing the more structured hydrogen bonding that occurs in cold water. In addition to reporting the phase diagram and percolation curve of the model, it is shown that the improved TPT predicts the phase diagram rather well, while the standard one predicts a phase transition at lower temperatures. For the percolation line, both versions have problems predicting the correct position of the line at high temperatures.

The wiring diagram of a glomerular olfactory system

PubMed Central

Berck, Matthew E; Khandelwal, Avinash; Claus, Lindsey; Hernandez-Nunez, Luis; Si, Guangwei; Tabone, Christopher J; Li, Feng; Truman, James W; Fetter, Rick D; Louis, Matthieu; Samuel, Aravinthan DT; Cardona, Albert

2016-01-01

The sense of smell enables animals to react to long-distance cues according to learned and innate valences. Here, we have mapped with electron microscopy the complete wiring diagram of the Drosophila larval antennal lobe, an olfactory neuropil similar to the vertebrate olfactory bulb. We found a canonical circuit with uniglomerular projection neurons (uPNs) relaying gain-controlled ORN activity to the mushroom body and the lateral horn. A second, parallel circuit with multiglomerular projection neurons (mPNs) and hierarchically connected local neurons (LNs) selectively integrates multiple ORN signals already at the first synapse. LN-LN synaptic connections putatively implement a bistable gain control mechanism that either computes odor saliency through panglomerular inhibition, or allows some glomeruli to respond to faint aversive odors in the presence of strong appetitive odors. This complete wiring diagram will support experimental and theoretical studies towards bridging the gap between circuits and behavior. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14859.001 PMID:27177418

GPCRdb: an information system for G protein-coupled receptors

PubMed Central

Isberg, Vignir; Mordalski, Stefan; Munk, Christian; Rataj, Krzysztof; Harpsøe, Kasper; Hauser, Alexander S.; Vroling, Bas; Bojarski, Andrzej J.; Vriend, Gert; Gloriam, David E.

2016-01-01

Recent developments in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structural biology and pharmacology have greatly enhanced our knowledge of receptor structure-function relations, and have helped improve the scientific foundation for drug design studies. The GPCR database, GPCRdb, serves a dual role in disseminating and enabling new scientific developments by providing reference data, analysis tools and interactive diagrams. This paper highlights new features in the fifth major GPCRdb release: (i) GPCR crystal structure browsing, superposition and display of ligand interactions; (ii) direct deposition by users of point mutations and their effects on ligand binding; (iii) refined snake and helix box residue diagram looks; and (iii) phylogenetic trees with receptor classification colour schemes. Under the hood, the entire GPCRdb front- and back-ends have been re-coded within one infrastructure, ensuring a smooth browsing experience and development. GPCRdb is available at http://www.gpcrdb.org/ and it's open source code at https://bitbucket.org/gpcr/protwis. PMID:26582914

Constraints and spandrels of interareal connectomes

PubMed Central

Rubinov, Mikail

2016-01-01

Interareal connectomes are whole-brain wiring diagrams of white-matter pathways. Recent studies have identified modules, hubs, module hierarchies and rich clubs as structural hallmarks of these wiring diagrams. An influential current theory postulates that connectome modules are adequately explained by evolutionary pressures for wiring economy, but that the other hallmarks are not explained by such pressures and are therefore less trivial. Here, we use constraint network models to test these postulates in current gold-standard vertebrate and invertebrate interareal-connectome reconstructions. We show that empirical wiring-cost constraints inadequately explain connectome module organization, and that simultaneous module and hub constraints induce the structural byproducts of hierarchies and rich clubs. These byproducts, known as spandrels in evolutionary biology, include the structural substrate of the default-mode network. Our results imply that currently standard connectome characterizations are based on circular analyses or double dipping, and we emphasize an integrative approach to future connectome analyses for avoiding such pitfalls. PMID:27924867

Constraints and spandrels of interareal connectomes.

PubMed

Rubinov, Mikail

2016-12-07

Interareal connectomes are whole-brain wiring diagrams of white-matter pathways. Recent studies have identified modules, hubs, module hierarchies and rich clubs as structural hallmarks of these wiring diagrams. An influential current theory postulates that connectome modules are adequately explained by evolutionary pressures for wiring economy, but that the other hallmarks are not explained by such pressures and are therefore less trivial. Here, we use constraint network models to test these postulates in current gold-standard vertebrate and invertebrate interareal-connectome reconstructions. We show that empirical wiring-cost constraints inadequately explain connectome module organization, and that simultaneous module and hub constraints induce the structural byproducts of hierarchies and rich clubs. These byproducts, known as spandrels in evolutionary biology, include the structural substrate of the default-mode network. Our results imply that currently standard connectome characterizations are based on circular analyses or double dipping, and we emphasize an integrative approach to future connectome analyses for avoiding such pitfalls.

Synthesis, structure and electrical properties of Cu 3.21Ti 1.16Nb 2.63O 12 and the CuO x-TiO 2-Nb 2O 5 pseudoternary phase diagram

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reeves-McLaren, Nik; Ferrarelli, Matthew C.; Tung, Yuan-Wei; Sinclair, Derek C.; West, Anthony R.

2011-07-01

Subsolidus phase relations in the CuO x-TiO 2-Nb 2O 5 system were determined at 935 °C. The phase diagram contains one new phase, Cu 3.21Ti 1.16Nb 2.63O 12 (CTNO) and one rutile-structured solid solution series, Ti 1-3 xCu xNb 2 xO 2: 0< x<0.2335 (35). The crystal structure of CTNO is similar to that of CaCu 3Ti 4O 12 (CCTO) with square planar Cu 2+ but with A site vacancies and a disordered mixture of Cu +, Ti 4+ and Nb 5+ on the octahedral sites. It is a modest semiconductor with relative permittivity ˜63 and displays non-Arrhenius conductivity behavior that is essentially temperature-independent at the lowest temperatures.

Flow-driven pattern formation in the calcium-oxalate system.

PubMed

Bohner, Bíborka; Endrődi, Balázs; Horváth, Dezső; Tóth, Ágota

2016-04-28

The precipitation reaction of calcium oxalate is studied experimentally in the presence of spatial gradients by controlled flow of calcium into oxalate solution. The density difference between the reactants leads to strong convection in the form of a gravity current that drives the spatiotemporal pattern formation. The phase diagram of the system is constructed, the evolving precipitate patterns are analyzed and quantitatively characterized by their diameters and the average height of the gravity flow. The compact structures of calcium oxalate monohydrate produced at low flow rates are replaced by the thermodynamically unstable calcium oxalate dihydrate favored in the presence of a strong gravity current.

The Eighteen-Electron Rule

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitchell, P. R.; Parish, R. V.

1969-01-01

Discusses the stability of the structures of transition metal complexes (primarily carbonyls and organometallic compounds) having 18 electrons or less in their valence shell. Presents molecular orbital diagrams for various structures involving alpha and pi bonding and describes the conditions under which the 18 electron rule applies. (RR)

Uninterrupted and reusable source for the controlled growth of nanowires

PubMed Central

Sugavaneshwar, R. P.; Nanda, Karuna Kar

2013-01-01

Generally, the length of the oxide nanowires grown by vapor phase transport is limited by the degradation of the source materials. Furthermore, the source material is used once for the nanowires growth. By exploiting the Si-Zn phase diagram, we have developed a simple methodology for the non-catalytic growth of ultralong ZnO nanowires in large area with controllable aspect ratio and branched structures. The insolubility of Zn in Si and the use of a Si cap on the Zn source to prevent local source oxidation of Zn (i. e. prevents the degradation of the source) are the keys to grow longer nanowires without limitations. It has been shown that the aspect ratio can be controlled by thermodynamically (temperature) and more importantly by kinetically (vapor flux). One of the interesting findings is that the same source material can be used for several depositions of oxide nanostructured materials. PMID:23412010

ER2OWL: Generating OWL Ontology from ER Diagram

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fahad, Muhammad

Ontology is the fundamental part of Semantic Web. The goal of W3C is to bring the web into (its full potential) a semantic web with reusing previous systems and artifacts. Most legacy systems have been documented in structural analysis and structured design (SASD), especially in simple or Extended ER Diagram (ERD). Such systems need up-gradation to become the part of semantic web. In this paper, we present ERD to OWL-DL ontology transformation rules at concrete level. These rules facilitate an easy and understandable transformation from ERD to OWL. The set of rules for transformation is tested on a structured analysis and design example. The framework provides OWL ontology for semantic web fundamental. This framework helps software engineers in upgrading the structured analysis and design artifact ERD, to components of semantic web. Moreover our transformation tool, ER2OWL, reduces the cost and time for building OWL ontologies with the reuse of existing entity relationship models.

Environmental Control Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rosenbush, F. M.

1982-01-01

Materials illustrating a presentation on environment control systems for electric flight systems are presented. Schematics and flow diagrams of fresh air source and air conditioning systems, and vapor cycle and air cycle parts lists are presented.

A unified approach to the design of clinical reporting systems.

PubMed

Gouveia-Oliveira, A; Salgado, N C; Azevedo, A P; Lopes, L; Raposo, V D; Almeida, I; de Melo, F G

1994-12-01

Computer-based Clinical Reporting Systems (CRS) for diagnostic departments that use structured data entry have a number of functional and structural affinities suggesting that a common software architecture for CRS may be defined. Such an architecture should allow easy expandability and reusability of a CRS. We report the development methodology and the architecture of SISCOPE, a CRS originally designed for gastrointestinal endoscopy that is expandable and reusable. Its main components are a patient database, a knowledge base, a reports base, and screen and reporting engines. The knowledge base contains the description of the controlled vocabulary and all the information necessary to control the menu system, and is easily accessed and modified with a conventional text editor. The structure of the controlled vocabulary is formally presented as an entity-relationship diagram. The screen engine drives a dynamic user interface and the reporting engine automatically creates a medical report; both engines operate by following a set of rules and the information contained in the knowledge base. Clinical experience has shown this architecture to be highly flexible and to allow frequent modifications of both the vocabulary and the menu system. This structure provided increased collaboration among development teams, insulating the domain expert from the details of the database, and enabling him to modify the system as necessary and to test the changes immediately. The system has also been reused in several different domains.

Pourbaix Diagrams at Elevated Temperatures A Study of Zinc and Tin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Palazhchenko, Olga

Metals in industrial settings such as power plants are often subjected to high temperature and pressure aqueous environments, where failure to control corrosion compromises worker and environment safety. For instance, zircaloy (1.2-1.7 wt.% Sn) fuel rods are exposed to aqueous 250-310 °C coolant in CANDU reactors. The Pourbaix (EH-pH) diagram is a plot of electrochemical potential versus pH, which shows the domains of various metal species and by inference, corrosion susceptibility. Elevated temperature data for tin +II and tin +IV species were obtained using solid-aqueous phase equilibria with the respective oxides, in a batch vessel with in-situ pH measurement. Solubilities, determined via spectroscopic techniques, were used to calculate equilibrium constants and the Gibbs energies of Sn complexes for E-pH diagram construction. The SnOH3+ and Sn(OH )-5 species were incorporated, for the first time, into the 298.15 K and 358.15 K diagrams, with novel Go values determined at 358.15 K. Key words: Pourbaix diagrams, EH-pH, elevated temperatures, solubility, equilibrium, metal oxides, hydrolysis, redox potential, pH, thermochemical data, tin, zinc, zircaloy, corrosion, passivity.

Nanoparticle Superlattice Engineering with DNA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mirkin, Chad

2012-02-01

Recent developments in strategies for assembling nanomaterials have allowed us to draw a direct analogy between the assembly of solid state atomic lattices and the construction of nanoparticle superlattices. Herein, we present a set of six design rules for using DNA as a programmable linker to deliberately stabilize nine distinct colloidal crystal structures, with lattice parameters that are tailorable over the 25-150 nm size regime. These rules are analogous to those put forth by Pauling decades ago to explain the relative stability of lattices composed of atoms and small molecules. It is ideal to use DNA as a nanoscale bond to connect nanoparticles to achieve colloidal superlattice structures in this system, since its programmable nature allows for facile control over nanoparticle bond length and strength, and nanoparticle bond selectivity. This assembly method affords simultaneous and independent control over nanoparticle structure, crystallographic symmetry, and lattice parameters with nanometer scale precision. Further, we have developed a phase diagram that predicts the design parameters necessary to achieve a lattice with a given symmetry and lattice parameters a priori. The rules developed in this work present a major advance towards true materials by design, as they effectively separate the identity of a particle core (and thereby its physical properties) from the variables that control its assembly.

Statistics of Mass Production

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-05-01

smaller ones, and the second after Kaoru Ishikawa who developed it in 1943. 22 UCL LCL Sample number Sample numbe CYCLES ON A CONTROL CHART A SHIFT IN...include Phillip Crosby, W. Edwards Deming, Armand Feigenbaum, Kaoru Ishikawa , and Joseph Juran. As an example of the ideas, the well-known 14 points of...tool for analyzing process dispersion. It is also referred to as the Ishikawa diagram, because Kaoru Ishikawa developed it, and the fishbone diagram

A Simple Constant-Current Neural Stimulator With Accurate Pulse-Amplitude Control

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-10-25

STIMULATOR The block diagram of the proposed neurostimulator is displayed in Figure 1. It consists of a pair of transformers followed by full-bridge...to 6%. Pulse-repetition ranges from 1Hz to 10Hz. Figure 1. Block diagram of the neurostimulator Voltage Regulator T 1 Astable T 2 V/I...discrete transistors. For explanatory reasons, the neurostimulator schematic is split into three main elements: the oscillator, the output V/I converter

Wave packet dynamics, time scales and phase diagram in the IBM-Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Castaños, Octavio; de los Santos, Francisco; Yáñez, Rafael; Romera, Elvira

2018-02-01

We derive the phase diagram of a scalar two-level boson model by studying the equilibrium and stability properties of its energy surface. The plane of control parameters is enlarged with respect to previous studies. We then analyze the time evolution of wave packets centered around the ground state at various quantum phase transition boundary lines. In particular, classical and revival times are computed numerically.

Phase diagram of a reentrant gel of patchy particles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roldán-Vargas, Sándalo; Smallenburg, Frank; Kob, Walter; Sciortino, Francesco

2013-12-01

We study the phase diagram of a binary mixture of patchy particles which has been designed to form a reversible gel. For this we perform Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the thermodynamics of such a system and compare our numerical results with predictions based on the analytical parameter-free Wertheim theory. We explore a wide range of the temperature-density-composition space that defines the three-dimensional phase diagram of the system. As a result, we delimit the region of thermodynamic stability of the fluid. We find that for a large region of the phase diagram the Wertheim theory is able to give a quantitative description of the system. For higher densities, our simulations show that the system is crystallizing into a BCC structure. Finally, we study the relaxation dynamics of the system by means of the density and temperature dependences of the diffusion coefficient. We show that there exists a density range where the system passes reversibly from a gel to a fluid upon both heating and cooling, encountering neither demixing nor phase separation.

Dark energy in six nearby galaxy flows: Synthetic phase diagrams and self-similarity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chernin, A. D.; Teerikorpi, P.; Dolgachev, V. P.; Kanter, A. A.; Domozhilova, L. M.; Valtonen, M. J.; Byrd, G. G.

2012-09-01

Outward flows of galaxies are observed around groups of galaxies on spatial scales of about 1 Mpc, and around galaxy clusters on scales of 10 Mpc. Using recent data from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we have constructed two synthetic velocity-distance phase diagrams: one for four flows on galaxy-group scales and the other for two flows on cluster scales. It has been shown that, in both cases, the antigravity produced by the cosmic dark-energy background is stronger than the gravity produced by the matter in the outflow volume. The antigravity accelerates the flows and introduces a phase attractor that is common to all scales, corresponding to a linear velocity-distance relation (the local Hubble law). As a result, the bundle of outflow trajectories mostly follow the trajectory of the attractor. A comparison of the two diagrams reveals the universal self-similar nature of the outflows: their gross phase structure in dimensionless variables is essentially independent of their physical spatial scales, which differ by approximately a factor of 10 in the two diagrams.

Automatic Debugging Support for UML Designs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schumann, Johann; Swanson, Keith (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

Design of large software systems requires rigorous application of software engineering methods covering all phases of the software process. Debugging during the early design phases is extremely important, because late bug-fixes are expensive. In this paper, we describe an approach which facilitates debugging of UML requirements and designs. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a set of notations for object-orient design of a software system. We have developed an algorithm which translates requirement specifications in the form of annotated sequence diagrams into structured statecharts. This algorithm detects conflicts between sequence diagrams and inconsistencies in the domain knowledge. After synthesizing statecharts from sequence diagrams, these statecharts usually are subject to manual modification and refinement. By using the "backward" direction of our synthesis algorithm. we are able to map modifications made to the statechart back into the requirements (sequence diagrams) and check for conflicts there. Fed back to the user conflicts detected by our algorithm are the basis for deductive-based debugging of requirements and domain theory in very early development stages. Our approach allows to generate explanations oil why there is a conflict and which parts of the specifications are affected.

Reentrant behaviors in the phase diagram of spin-1 planar ferromagnet with single-ion anisotropy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rabuffo, I.; De Cesare, L.; Caramico D'Auria, A.; Mercaldo, M. T.

2018-05-01

We used the two-time Green function framework to investigate the role played by the easy-axis single-ion anisotropy on the phase diagram of (d > 2)-dimensional spin-1planar ferromagnets, which exhibit a magnetic field induced quantum phase transition. We tackled the problem using two different kind of approximations: the Anderson-Callen decoupling scheme and the Devlin approach. In the latter scheme, the exchange anisotropy terms in the equations of motion are treated at the Tyablikov decoupling level while the crystal field anisotropy contribution is handled exactly. The emerging key result is a reentrant structure of the phase diagram close to the quantum critical point, for certain values of the single-ion anisotropy parameter. We compare the results obtained within the two approximation schemes. In particular, we recover the same qualitative behavior. We show the phase diagram, close to the field-induced quantum critical point and the behavior of the susceptibility for different values of the single-ion anisotropy parameter, enhancing the differences between the two different scenarios (i.e. with and without reentrant behavior).

Persistent homology and non-Gaussianity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cole, Alex; Shiu, Gary

2018-03-01

In this paper, we introduce the topological persistence diagram as a statistic for Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature anisotropy maps. A central concept in 'Topological Data Analysis' (TDA), the idea of persistence is to represent a data set by a family of topological spaces. One then examines how long topological features 'persist' as the family of spaces is traversed. We compute persistence diagrams for simulated CMB temperature anisotropy maps featuring various levels of primordial non-Gaussianity of local type. Postponing the analysis of observational effects, we show that persistence diagrams are more sensitive to local non-Gaussianity than previous topological statistics including the genus and Betti number curves, and can constrain Δ fNLloc= 35.8 at the 68% confidence level on the simulation set, compared to Δ fNLloc= 60.6 for the Betti number curves. Given the resolution of our simulations, we expect applying persistence diagrams to observational data will give constraints competitive with those of the Minkowski Functionals. This is the first in a series of papers where we plan to apply TDA to different shapes of non-Gaussianity in the CMB and Large Scale Structure.

A complete graphical criterion for the adjustment formula in mediation analysis.

PubMed

Shpitser, Ilya; VanderWeele, Tyler J

2011-03-04

Various assumptions have been used in the literature to identify natural direct and indirect effects in mediation analysis. These effects are of interest because they allow for effect decomposition of a total effect into a direct and indirect effect even in the presence of interactions or non-linear models. In this paper, we consider the relation and interpretation of various identification assumptions in terms of causal diagrams interpreted as a set of non-parametric structural equations. We show that for such causal diagrams, two sets of assumptions for identification that have been described in the literature are in fact equivalent in the sense that if either set of assumptions holds for all models inducing a particular causal diagram, then the other set of assumptions will also hold for all models inducing that diagram. We moreover build on prior work concerning a complete graphical identification criterion for covariate adjustment for total effects to provide a complete graphical criterion for using covariate adjustment to identify natural direct and indirect effects. Finally, we show that this criterion is equivalent to the two sets of independence assumptions used previously for mediation analysis.

A Critical Appraisal of the "Day" Diagram

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roberts, Andrew P.; Tauxe, Lisa; Heslop, David; Zhao, Xiang; Jiang, Zhaoxia

2018-04-01

The "Day" diagram (Day et al., 1977, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(77)90108-X) is used widely to make inferences about the domain state of magnetic mineral assemblages. Based on theoretical and empirical arguments, the Day diagram is demarcated into stable "single domain" (SD), "pseudo single domain" ("PSD"), and "multidomain" (MD) zones. It is straightforward to make the necessary measurements for a sample and to plot results within the "domain state" framework based on the boundaries defined by Day et al. (1977, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(77)90108-X). We discuss 10 issues that limit Day diagram interpretation, including (1) magnetic mineralogy, (2) the associated magnetocrystalline anisotropy type, (3) mineral stoichiometry, (4) stress state, (5) surface oxidation, (6) magnetostatic interactions, (7) particle shape, (8) thermal relaxation, (9) magnetic particle mixtures, and (10) definitional/measurement issues. In most studies, these variables are unknowns and cannot be controlled for, so that hysteresis parameters for single bulk samples are nonunique and any data point in a Day diagram could result from infinite combinations of relevant variables. From this critical appraisal, we argue that the Day diagram is fundamentally ambiguous for domain state diagnosis. Widespread use of the Day diagram has also contributed significantly to prevalent but questionable views, including underrecognition of the importance of stable SD particles in the geological record and reinforcement of the unhelpful PSD concept and of its geological importance. Adoption of approaches that enable correct domain state diagnosis should be an urgent priority for component-specific understanding of magnetic mineral assemblages and for quantitative rock magnetic interpretation.

Complete phase diagram of rare-earth nickelates from first-principles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Varignon, Julien; Grisolia, Mathieu N.; Íñiguez, Jorge; Barthélémy, Agnès; Bibes, Manuel

2017-12-01

The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of AMO3 perovskite oxides, where M is a 3d transition metal, are highly sensitive to the geometry of the bonds between the metal-d and oxygen-p ions (through octahedra rotations and distortions) and to their level of covalence. This is particularly true in rare-earth nickelates RNiO3 that display a metal-insulator transition with complex spin orders tunable by the rare-earth size, and are on the border line between dominantly ionic (lighter elements) and covalent characters (heavier elements). Accordingly, computing their ground state is challenging and a complete theoretical description of their rich phase diagram is still missing. Here, using first-principles simulations, we successfully describe the electronic and magnetic experimental ground state of nickelates. We show that the insulating phase is characterized by a split of the electronic states of the two Ni sites (i.e., resembling low-spin 4+ and high-spin 2+) with a concomitant shift of the oxygen-2p orbitals toward the depleted Ni cations. Therefore, from the point of view of the charge, the two Ni sites appear nearly identical whereas they are in fact distinct. Performing such calculations for several nickelates, we built a theoretical phase diagram that reproduces all their key features, namely a systematic dependence of the metal-insulator transition with the rare-earth size and the crossover between a second to first order transition for R = Pr and Nd. Finally, our results hint at strategies to control the electronic and magnetic phases of perovskite oxides by fine tuning of the level of covalence.

CADDIS Volume 4. Data Analysis: Advanced Analyses - Controlling for Natural Variability: SSD Plot Diagrams

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Methods for controlling natural variability, predicting environmental conditions from biological observations method, biological trait data, species sensitivity distributions, propensity scores, Advanced Analyses of Data Analysis references.

Chiral Block Copolymer Structures for Metamaterial Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-27

photonic crystal simulations. Band diagrams for the SG and...texture could provide organic amorphous photonic crystals (APCs) with a visible‐wavelength photonic isotropic (angle – independent) bandgap. We...our works on chiral photonic structures. Dr. Urbas is interested in metamaterials for optical applications in optical limiting (sensor

Structured Analysis and the Data Flow Diagram: Tools for Library Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carlson, David H.

1986-01-01

This article discusses tools developed to aid the systems analysis process (program evaluation and review technique, Gantt charts, organizational charts, decision tables, flowcharts, hierarchy plus input-process-output). Similarities and differences among techniques, library applications of analysis, structured systems analysis, and the data flow…

Stabilizing the hexagonal close packed structure of hard spheres with polymers: Phase diagram, structure, and dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Edison, John R.; Dasgupta, Tonnishtha; Dijkstra, Marjolein

2016-08-01

We study the phase behaviour of a binary mixture of colloidal hard spheres and freely jointed chains of beads using Monte Carlo simulations. Recently Panagiotopoulos and co-workers predicted [Nat. Commun. 5, 4472 (2014)] that the hexagonal close packed (HCP) structure of hard spheres can be stabilized in such a mixture due to the interplay between polymer and the void structure in the crystal phase. Their predictions were based on estimates of the free-energy penalty for adding a single hard polymer chain in the HCP and the competing face centered cubic (FCC) phase. Here we calculate the phase diagram using free-energy calculations of the full binary mixture and find a broad fluid-solid coexistence region and a metastable gas-liquid coexistence region. For the colloid-monomer size ratio considered in this work, we find that the HCP phase is only stable in a small window at relatively high polymer reservoir packing fractions, where the coexisting HCP phase is nearly close packed. Additionally we investigate the structure and dynamic behaviour of these mixtures.

Structural and magnetic properties of the products of the transformation of ferrihydrite: Effect of cobalt dications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Camacho, K. I.; Pariona, N.; Martinez, A. I.; Baggio-Saitovitch, E.; Herrera-Trejo, M.; Perry, Dale L.

2017-05-01

The effect of cobalt dications on the transformation of 2-line ferrihydrite (2LF) has been studied. The products of the transformation reaction were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), magnetometry, and first-order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams. It was found that the concentration of cobalt dications plays an important role on the structural and magnetic properties of the products; i.e., for low cobalt concentrations, cobalt-substituted hematite is formed, while higher concentrations promote the formation of cobalt-substituted magnetite. Structural results revealed that formation of other iron oxide polymorphs is avoided and residual 2LF is always present in the final products. In this way, hematite/2LF and magnetite/2LF nanocomposites were formed. For all the samples, magnetic measurements yielded non-saturated hysteresis loops at a maximum field of 12 kOe. For cobalt-substituted hematite/2LF samples, FORC diagrams revealed the presence of multiple single-domain (SD) components which generate interaction coupling between SD with low and high coercivity. Moreover, for cobalt-substituted magnetite/2LF samples, the FORC diagrams revealed the components of wasp-waist hysteresis loops which consist of mixtures of SD and superparamagnetic particles. One of the goals of the present study is the rigorous, experimental documentation of ferrihydrite/hematite mixtures as a function of reaction conditions for use as analytical standards research.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Azadi, Sam, E-mail: s.azadi@ucl.ac.uk; Cohen, R. E.; Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich 80333

We studied the low-pressure (0–10 GPa) phase diagram of crystalline benzene using quantum Monte Carlo and density functional theory (DFT) methods. We performed diffusion quantum Monte Carlo (DMC) calculations to obtain accurate static phase diagrams as benchmarks for modern van der Waals density functionals. Using density functional perturbation theory, we computed the phonon contributions to the free energies. Our DFT enthalpy-pressure phase diagrams indicate that the Pbca and P2{sub 1}/c structures are the most stable phases within the studied pressure range. The DMC Gibbs free-energy calculations predict that the room temperature Pbca to P2{sub 1}/c phase transition occurs at 2.1(1)more » GPa. This prediction is consistent with available experimental results at room temperature. Our DMC calculations give 50.6 ± 0.5 kJ/mol for crystalline benzene lattice energy.« less

High-pressure phase diagrams of liquid CO2 and N2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boates, Brian; Bonev, Stanimir

2011-06-01

The phase diagrams of liquid CO2 and N2 have been investigated using first-principles theory. Both materials exhibit transitions to conducting liquids at high temperatures (T) and relatively modest pressures (P). Furthermore, both liquids undergo polymerization phase transitions at pressures comparable to their solid counterparts. The liquid phase diagrams have been divided into several regimes through a detailed analysis of changes in bonding, as well as structural and electronic properties for pressures and temperatures up to 200 GPa and 10 000 K, respectively. Similarities and differences between the high- P and T behavior of these fluids will be discussed. Calculations of the Hugoniot are in excellent agreement with available experimental data. Work supported by NSERC, LLNL, and the Killam Trusts. Prepared by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.

106-17 Telemetry Standards Recorder and Reproducer Command and Control Chapter 6

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-07-01

6-35 6.3 MIL-STD-1553 Remote Terminal Command and Control ..................................... 6-36 6.4 Discrete Command and...6-6 Figure 6-9. Required Discrete Control Functions...6-36 Figure 6-10. Discrete Control and Indicator Functional Diagram .......................................... 6-37 Telemetry Standards

The use of process approach to base the need of automation of business processes in educational institutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frolova, M. A.; Razumova, T. A.

2017-01-01

This article is dedicated to the analysis of business processes in a comprehensive institution on the basis of the process approach. Decomposition of the processes in study is carried out by means of the IDEF0 methodology, both the basic mechanisms and control actions are determined, AS-IS diagrams for documentation support for educational service provision are developed. Disadvantages of the existing business processes are revealed on the basis of the diagrams and a way to solve the problem is proposed which allows increasing the efficiency of the use of labor resources. The results of the implementation of the solution that takes into account the use of software as a means of the solution are presented as TO-BE diagrams. The analysis carried out on the basis of the diagrams led to the conclusion about the need to automate the test-task database formation process for preparing students for the State Final Examination.

VitaPad: visualization tools for the analysis of pathway data.

PubMed

Holford, Matthew; Li, Naixin; Nadkarni, Prakash; Zhao, Hongyu

2005-04-15

Packages that support the creation of pathway diagrams are limited by their inability to be readily extended to new classes of pathway-related data. VitaPad is a cross-platform application that enables users to create and modify biological pathway diagrams and incorporate microarray data with them. It improves on existing software in the following areas: (i) It can create diagrams dynamically through graph layout algorithms. (ii) It is open-source and uses an open XML format to store data, allowing for easy extension or integration with other tools. (iii) It features a cutting-edge user interface with intuitive controls, high-resolution graphics and fully customizable appearance. http://bioinformatics.med.yale.edu matthew.holford@yale.edu; hongyu.zhao@yale.edu.

Many-body localization in a long range XXZ model with random-field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Bo

2016-12-01

Many-body localization (MBL) in a long range interaction XXZ model with random field are investigated. Using the exact diagonal method, the MBL phase diagram with different tuning parameters and interaction range is obtained. It is found that the phase diagram of finite size results supplies strong evidence to confirm that the threshold interaction exponent α = 2. The tuning parameter Δ can efficiently change the MBL edge in high energy density stats, thus the system can be controlled to transfer from thermal phase to MBL phase by changing Δ. The energy level statistics data are consistent with result of the MBL phase diagram. However energy level statistics data cannot detect the thermal phase correctly in extreme long range case.

Computational test bench and flow chart for wavefront sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abecassis, Úrsula V.; de Lima Monteiro, Davies W.; Salles, Luciana P.; Stanigher, Rafaela; Borges, Euller

2014-05-01

The wavefront reconstruction diagram has come to supply the need in literature of an ampler vision over the many methods and optronic devices used for the reconstruction of wavefronts and to show the existing interactions between those. A computational platform has been developed using the diagram's orientation for the taking of decision over the best technique and the photo sensible and electronic structures to be implemented. This work will be directed to an ophthalmological application in the development of an instrument of help for the diagnosis of optical aberrations of the human eye.

Influence of trapping potentials on the phase diagram of bosonic atoms in optical lattices

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Giampaolo, S.M.; Illuminati, F.; Mazzarella, G.

2004-12-01

We study the effect of external trapping potentials on the phase diagram of bosonic atoms in optical lattices. We introduce a generalized Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian that includes the structure of the energy levels of the trapping potential, and show that these levels are in general populated both at finite and zero temperature. We characterize the properties of the superfluid transition for this situation and compare them with those of the standard Bose-Hubbard description. We briefly discuss similar behaviors for fermionic systems.

Diagram of Calcium Movement in the Human Body

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

This diagram shows the normal pathways of calcium movement in the body and indicates changes (green arrows) seen during preliminary space flight experiments. Calcium plays a central role because 1) it gives strength and structure to bone and 2) all types of cells require it to function normally. To better understand how and why weightlessness induces bone loss, astronauts have participated in a study of calcium kinetics -- that is, the movement of calcium through the body, including absorption from food, and its role in the formation and breakdown of bone.

The Influence of TIG Welding Thermal Cycles on HSLA-100 Steel Plate

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-11-01

8217 1.0’ 1,i 1.0’ 10’ TZ•ME. Secznas Figure 15. CCT diagram for a HSLA-100 steel with composition similar to that of the present work from Wilson...cooling rate through the transformation and ends up with a HAZ hardness of 345 HV which indicates a predominantly martensitic structure, on the CCT ... diagram . This is confirmed by the TEM micrograph of the HAZ taken close to fusion boundary, figure 14. On the other hand, the high heat input weld 1, with

Folding-unfolding transitions of Rv3221c on the pressure-temperature plane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Somkuti, Judit; Jain, Sriyans; Ramachandran, Srinivasan; ászló Smeller, L.

2013-06-01

Rv3221c is a biotin-binding protein found in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It has been reported that an elevated temperature is needed for it to adopt a folded conformation. We determined the complete pressure-temperature phase diagram, and determined the thermodynamical parameters of the denaturation. The phase diagram follows well the Hawley theory. The secondary structure of the protein was found to contain predominantly beta sheet. The pressure unfolding was partially reversible, resulting in pressure-sensitive aggregates, besides the correctly refolded and biotin-bound fraction of proteins.

A Comparison of Structurally Connected and Multiple Spacecraft Interferometers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Surka, Derek M.; Crawley, Edward F.

1996-01-01

Structurally connected and multiple spacecraft interferometers are compared in an attempt to establish the maximum baseline (referred to as the "cross-over baseline") for which it is preferable to operate a single-structure interferometer in space rather than an interferometer composed of numerous, smaller spacecraft. This comparison is made using the total launched mass of each configuration as the comparison metric. A framework of study within which structurally connected and multiple spacecraft interferometers can be compared is presented in block diagram form. This methodology is then applied to twenty-two different combinations of trade space parameters to investigate the effects of different orbits, orientations, truss materials, propellants, attitude control actuators, onboard disturbance sources, and performance requirements on the cross-over baseline. Rotating interferometers and the potential advantages of adding active structural control to the connected truss of the structurally connected interferometer are also examined. The minimum mass design of the structurally connected interferometer that meets all performance-requirements and satisfies all imposed constraints is determined as a function of baseline. This minimum mass design is then compared to the design of the multiple spacecraft interferometer. It is discovered that the design of the minimum mass structurally connected interferometer that meets all performance requirements and constraints in solar orbit is limited by the minimum allowable aspect ratio, areal density, and gage of the struts. In the formulation of the problem used in this study, there is no advantage to adding active structural control to the truss for interferometers in solar orbit. The cross-over baseline for missions of practical duration (ranging from one week to thirty years) in solar orbit is approximately 400 m for non-rotating interferometers and 650 m for rotating interferometers.

Phase diagram and high-pressure boundary of hydrate formation in the carbon dioxide-water system.

PubMed

Manakov, Andrej Yu; Dyadin, Yuriy A; Ogienko, Andrey G; Kurnosov, Alexander V; Aladko, Eugeny Ya; Larionov, Eduard G; Zhurko, Fridrih V; Voronin, Vladimir I; Berger, Ivan F; Goryainov, Sergei V; Lihacheva, Anna Yu; Ancharov, Aleksei I

2009-05-21

Experimental investigation of the phase diagram of the system carbon dioxide-water at pressures up to 2.7 GPa has been carried out in order to explain earlier controversial results on the decomposition curves of the hydrates formed in this system. According to X-ray diffraction data, solid and/or liquid phases of water and CO2 coexist in the system at room temperature within the pressure range from 0.8 to 2.6 GPa; no clathrate hydrates are observed. The results of neutron diffraction experiments involving the samples with different CO2/H2O molar ratios, and the data on the phase diagram of the system carbon dioxide-water show that CO2 hydrate of cubic structure I is the only clathrate phase present in this system under studied P-T conditions. We suppose that in the cubic structure I hydrate of CO2 multiple occupation of the large hydrate cavities with CO2 molecules takes place. At pressure of about 0.8 GPa this hydrate decomposes into components indicating the presence of the upper pressure boundary of the existence of clathrate hydrates in the system.

A morpho-kinematic and spectroscopic study of the bipolar nebulae: M 2-9, Mz 3, and Hen 2-104

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clyne, N.; Akras, S.; Steffen, W.; Redman, M. P.; Gonçalves, D. R.; Harvey, E.

2015-10-01

Context. Complex bipolar shapes can be generated either as a planetary nebula or a symbiotic system. The origin of the material ionised by the white dwarf is very different in these two scenarios, and it complicates the understanding of the morphologies of planetary nebulae. Aims: The physical properties, structure, and dynamics of the bipolar nebulae, M 2-9, Mz 3, and Hen 2-104, are investigated in detail with the aim of understanding their nature, shaping mechanisms, and evolutionary history. Both a morpho-kinematic study and a spectroscopic analysis, can be used to more accurately determine the kinematics and nature of each nebula. Methods: Long-slit optical echelle spectra are used to investigate the morpho-kinematics of M 2-9, Mz 3, and Hen 2-104. The morpho-kinematic modelling software SHAPE is used to constrain both the morphology and kinematics of each nebula by means of detailed 3D models. Near-infrared (NIR) data, as well as optical, spectra are used to separate Galactic symbiotic-type nebulae from genuine planetary nebulae by means of a 2MASS J-H/H-Ks diagram and a λ4363/Hγ vs. λ5007/Hβ diagnostic diagram, respectively. Results: The best-fitted 3D models for M 2-9, Mz 3, and Hen 2-104 provide invaluable kinematical information on the expansion velocity of its nebular components by means of synthetic spectra. The observed spectra match up very well with the synthetic spectra for each model, thus showing that each model is tightly constrained both morphologically and kinematically. Kinematical ages of the different structures of M 2-9 and Mz 3 have also been determined. Both diagnostic diagrams show M 2-9 and Hen 2-104 to fall well within the category of having a symbiotic source, whereas Mz 3 borders the region of symbiotic and young planetary nebulae in the optical diagram but is located firmly in the symbiotic region of the NIR colour-colour diagram. The optical diagnostic diagram is shown to successfully separate the two types of nebulae, however, the NIR colour-colour diagram is not as accurate in separating these objects. Conclusions: The morphology, kinematics, and evolutionary history of M 2-9, Mz 3, and Hen 2-104 are better understood using the interactive 3D modelling tool shape. The expansion velocities of the components for each nebula are better constrained and fitted with a vector field to reveal their direction of motion. The optical and NIR diagnostic diagrams used are important techniques for separating Galactic symbiotic-type nebulae from genuine planetary nebulae.

Geometric stability spectra of dipolar Bose gases in tunable optical lattices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Corson, John P.; Wilson, Ryan M.; Bohn, John L.

2013-07-01

We examine the stability of quasi-two-dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of weak optical lattices of various geometries. We find that when the condensate possesses a roton-maxon quasiparticle dispersion, the conditions for stability exhibit a strong dependence both on the lattice geometry and the polarization tilt. This results in rich structures in the system's stability diagram akin to spectroscopic signatures. We show how these structures originate from the mode matching of rotons to the perturbing lattice. In the case of a one-dimensional lattice, some of the features emerge only when the polarization axis is tilted into the plane of the condensate. Our results suggest that the stability diagram may be used as a novel means to spectroscopically measure rotons in dipolar condensates.

The Analog (Computer) As a Physiology Adjunct.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stewart, Peter A.

1979-01-01

Defines and discusses the analog computer and its use in a physiology laboratory. Includes two examples: (1) The Respiratory Control Function and (2) CO-Two Control in the Respiratory System. Presents diagrams and mathematical models. (MA)

Space shuttle on-orbit flight control software requirements, preliminary version

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Software modules associated with various flight control functions for the space shuttle orbiter are described. Data flow, interface requirements, initialization requirements and module sequencing requirements are considered. Block diagrams and tables are included.

Students' different understandings of class diagrams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boustedt, Jonas

2012-03-01

The software industry needs well-trained software designers and one important aspect of software design is the ability to model software designs visually and understand what visual models represent. However, previous research indicates that software design is a difficult task to many students. This article reports empirical findings from a phenomenographic investigation on how students understand class diagrams, Unified Modeling Language (UML) symbols, and relations to object-oriented (OO) concepts. The informants were 20 Computer Science students from four different universities in Sweden. The results show qualitatively different ways to understand and describe UML class diagrams and the "diamond symbols" representing aggregation and composition. The purpose of class diagrams was understood in a varied way, from describing it as a documentation to a more advanced view related to communication. The descriptions of class diagrams varied from seeing them as a specification of classes to a more advanced view, where they were described to show hierarchic structures of classes and relations. The diamond symbols were seen as "relations" and a more advanced way was seeing the white and the black diamonds as different symbols for aggregation and composition. As a consequence of the results, it is recommended that UML should be adopted in courses. It is briefly indicated how the phenomenographic results in combination with variation theory can be used by teachers to enhance students' possibilities to reach advanced understanding of phenomena related to UML class diagrams. Moreover, it is recommended that teachers should put more effort in assessing skills in proper usage of the basic symbols and models and students should be provided with opportunities to practise collaborative design, e.g. using whiteboards.

Development of braided rope engine seals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ko, Frank K.; Cai, Zhong; Mutharasan, Rajakkannu; Steinetz, Bruce M.

1994-01-01

In this study, after reviewing current seal design concepts, the potential of textile structures for seal design is examined from the material, structural, and fabrication points of view. Braided structures are identified as potential candidates for hypersonic seal structures because of their conformability and design flexibility. A large family of braided structures using 2-D and 3-D architecture can be designed using well established methods to produce a wide range of braiding yarn orientation for wear resistance as well as seal porosity control. As a first demonstration of the approach, 2-D braided fiberglass seals were fabricated according to a factorial design experiment by varying braiding angles, fractional longitudinal fibers, and preload pressure levels. Factorial diagrams and response surfaces were constructed to elucidate the inter-relationship of the braiding parameters as well as the effect of preload pressures on leakage resistance of the seal. It was found that seal resistance is a strong function of fractional longitudinal fiber content. As braiding angle increases, seal leakage resistance increases, especially at high preload pressures and in seals having high proportion of longitudinal fibers.

Microphysical variability of Amazonian deep convective cores observed by CloudSat and simulated by a multi-scale modeling framework

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brant Dodson, J.; Taylor, Patrick C.; Branson, Mark

2018-05-01

Recently launched cloud observing satellites provide information about the vertical structure of deep convection and its microphysical characteristics. In this study, CloudSat reflectivity data is stratified by cloud type, and the contoured frequency by altitude diagrams reveal a double-arc structure in deep convective cores (DCCs) above 8 km. This suggests two distinct hydrometeor modes (snow versus hail/graupel) controlling variability in reflectivity profiles. The day-night contrast in the double arcs is about four times larger than the wet-dry season contrast. Using QuickBeam, the vertical reflectivity structure of DCCs is analyzed in two versions of the Superparameterized Community Atmospheric Model (SP-CAM) with single-moment (no graupel) and double-moment (with graupel) microphysics. Double-moment microphysics shows better agreement with observed reflectivity profiles; however, neither model variant captures the double-arc structure. Ultimately, the results show that simulating realistic DCC vertical structure and its variability requires accurate representation of ice microphysics, in particular the hail/graupel modes, though this alone is insufficient.

Signaling Device for the Pre-Emergency State of the Elements of the Rotating Assembly of Steam Compressor of Desalination Plant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Danilin, A. I.; Chernyavskiy, A. Zh; Danilin, S. A.; Blagin, E. V.

2018-01-01

This article deals with non-contact exploitation control method based on the treatment of the radio wave signal reflected from controlled gear teeth and its advantages in comparison with traditional methods of gear teeth control. Justification of necessity to use such control method during multiplier gears condition determination during its exploitation is given. Also this article deals with influence of different types of gear wear on typical information parameters of analyzed signals. Disadvantages of the method which are the impossibility of determination of certain types of wear are also taken into account. Certain stages of the development of mathematical model for interaction of first converter with controlled surface. Suggested mathematical model uses only the laws of geometric optics without taking wave processes into account but considering first converter direction diagram influence during its interaction with controlled surface. Structural scheme of developed experimental system for gears teeth condition control for steam compressor. Operation of the experimental system of gear control is given on the base of structural scheme. Core of the developed device is microcontroller STM32 which treat the information received from the sensors as well as connection with computer. Certain elements of the experimental control system as well as its components are described separately. Photos of experimental unit for control for control method development in laboratory conditions are presented. Design of the first converter is given in short.

46 CFR 127.110 - Plans and specifications required for new construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

.... (v) Fluid-driven power and control systems. (vi) Through-hull penetrations and shell connections...) Steering and steering-control systems. (4) Propulsion and propulsion-control systems. (5) Piping diagrams... personnel in the control and observation of the propulsion systems and machinery spaces, or to reduce the...

Agricultural Electricity. Electric Controls. Student Manual. Report No. 820/20.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Benson, Robert T.

Addressed to the student, this manual presents terms, abbreviations, and symbols used in discussing manual or automatic control of the flow of electric current. Diagrams accompany discussion of the following types of control devices and principles of operation: Heat sensitive controls (thermostats, thermal relays), light sensitive controls…

30 CFR 77.310 - Control panels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Control panels. 77.310 Section 77.310 Mineral....310 Control panels. (a) All thermal dryer system control panels constructed after June 30, 1971 shall... manner as to minimize vibration. (b) A schematic diagram containing legends which show the location of...

30 CFR 77.310 - Control panels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Control panels. 77.310 Section 77.310 Mineral....310 Control panels. (a) All thermal dryer system control panels constructed after June 30, 1971 shall... manner as to minimize vibration. (b) A schematic diagram containing legends which show the location of...

Examination of Various Methods Used in Support of Concurrent Engineering

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-03-01

1989. F.Y.I. Drawing a2Ther Productivity. Industrial Engineering 21: 80. Ishi82 Ishikawa , Kaoru . 1982. Guide to Quality Control. White Plains, NY: Kraus...observe it in practice have an easier time identifying the different methods or tech- niques (such as the Ishikawa tools) used than understanding the...simple histogram to show what prob- lems should be attacked first. Cause and Effect Diagrams Sometimes called the fishbone or Ishikawa diagrams-a kind

The Subject Matter of Process Improvement: A Topic and Reference Source for Software Engineering Educators and Trainers.

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-05-01

Random House Business Division, 1986. Ishikawa , Kaoru . What is Total Quality Control?: The Japanese Way. En- glewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall...by drawing attention to the vital few truly important problems. Cause-and-effect diagrams. Also called fishbone and Ishikawa diagrams due to their...February 1994. 5.2 The Seeds [Aguayo 91] [Crosby 79] [Crosby 92] [Deming 86] [Fellers 92] [Gitlow 87] [Gluckman 93] [Imai 86] [ Ishikawa 85] [Juran

Causal Loop Analysis of coastal geomorphological systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Payo, Andres; Hall, Jim W.; French, Jon; Sutherland, James; van Maanen, Barend; Nicholls, Robert J.; Reeve, Dominic E.

2016-03-01

As geomorphologists embrace ever more sophisticated theoretical frameworks that shift from simple notions of evolution towards single steady equilibria to recognise the possibility of multiple response pathways and outcomes, morphodynamic modellers are facing the problem of how to keep track of an ever-greater number of system feedbacks. Within coastal geomorphology, capturing these feedbacks is critically important, especially as the focus of activity shifts from reductionist models founded on sediment transport fundamentals to more synthesist ones intended to resolve emergent behaviours at decadal to centennial scales. This paper addresses the challenge of mapping the feedback structure of processes controlling geomorphic system behaviour with reference to illustrative applications of Causal Loop Analysis at two study cases: (1) the erosion-accretion behaviour of graded (mixed) sediment beds, and (2) the local alongshore sediment fluxes of sand-rich shorelines. These case study examples are chosen on account of their central role in the quantitative modelling of geomorphological futures and as they illustrate different types of causation. Causal loop diagrams, a form of directed graph, are used to distil the feedback structure to reveal, in advance of more quantitative modelling, multi-response pathways and multiple outcomes. In the case of graded sediment bed, up to three different outcomes (no response, and two disequilibrium states) can be derived from a simple qualitative stability analysis. For the sand-rich local shoreline behaviour case, two fundamentally different responses of the shoreline (diffusive and anti-diffusive), triggered by small changes of the shoreline cross-shore position, can be inferred purely through analysis of the causal pathways. Explicit depiction of feedback-structure diagrams is beneficial when developing numerical models to explore coastal morphological futures. By explicitly mapping the feedbacks included and neglected within a model, the modeller can readily assess if critical feedback loops are included.

Simulation and observation of line-slip structures in columnar structures of soft spheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winkelmann, J.; Haffner, B.; Weaire, D.; Mughal, A.; Hutzler, S.

2017-07-01

We present the computed phase diagram of columnar structures of soft spheres under pressure, of which the main feature is the appearance and disappearance of line slips, the shearing of adjacent spirals, as pressure is increased. A comparable experimental observation is made on a column of bubbles under forced drainage, clearly exhibiting the expected line slip.

Simulation and observation of line-slip structures in columnar structures of soft spheres.

PubMed

Winkelmann, J; Haffner, B; Weaire, D; Mughal, A; Hutzler, S

2017-07-01

We present the computed phase diagram of columnar structures of soft spheres under pressure, of which the main feature is the appearance and disappearance of line slips, the shearing of adjacent spirals, as pressure is increased. A comparable experimental observation is made on a column of bubbles under forced drainage, clearly exhibiting the expected line slip.

First-principles interatomic potentials for transition-metal aluminides. III. Extension to ternary phase diagrams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Widom, Mike; Al-Lehyani, Ibrahim; Moriarty, John A.

2000-08-01

Modeling structural and mechanical properties of intermetallic compounds and alloys requires detailed knowledge of their interatomic interactions. The first two papers of this series [Phys. Rev. B 56, 7905 (1997); 58, 8967 (1998)] derived first-principles interatomic potentials for transition-metal (TM) aluminides using generalized pseudopotential theory (GPT). Those papers focused on binary alloys of aluminum with first-row transition metals and assessed the ability of GPT potentials to reproduce and elucidate the alloy phase diagrams of Al-Co and Al-Ni. This paper addresses the phase diagrams of the binary alloy Al-Cu and the ternary systems Al-Co-Cu and Al-Co-Ni, using GPT pair potentials calculated in the limit of vanishing transition-metal concentration. Despite this highly simplifying approximation, we find rough agreement with the known low-temperature phase diagrams, up to 50% total TM concentration provided the Co fraction is below 25%. Full composition-dependent potentials and many-body interactions would be required to correct deficiencies at higher Co concentration. Outside this troublesome region, the experimentally determined stable and metastable phases all lie on or near the convex hull of a scatter plot of energy versus composition. We verify, qualitatively, reported solubility ranges extending binary alloys into the ternary diagram in both Al-Co-Cu and Al-Co-Ni. Finally, we reproduce previously conjectured transition-metal positions in the decagonal quasicrystal phase.

Facilitating normative judgments of conditional probability: frequency or nested sets?

PubMed

Yamagishi, Kimihiko

2003-01-01

Recent probability judgment research contrasts two opposing views. Some theorists have emphasized the role of frequency representations in facilitating probabilistic correctness; opponents have noted that visualizing the probabilistic structure of the task sufficiently facilitates normative reasoning. In the current experiment, the following conditional probability task, an isomorph of the "Problem of Three Prisoners" was tested. "A factory manufactures artificial gemstones. Each gemstone has a 1/3 chance of being blurred, a 1/3 chance of being cracked, and a 1/3 chance of being clear. An inspection machine removes all cracked gemstones, and retains all clear gemstones. However, the machine removes 1/2 of the blurred gemstones. What is the chance that a gemstone is blurred after the inspection?" A 2 x 2 design was administered. The first variable was the use of frequency instruction. The second manipulation was the use of a roulette-wheel diagram that illustrated a "nested-sets" relationship between the prior and the posterior probabilities. Results from two experiments showed that frequency alone had modest effects, while the nested-sets instruction achieved a superior facilitation of normative reasoning. The third experiment compared the roulette-wheel diagram to tree diagrams that also showed the nested-sets relationship. The roulette-wheel diagram outperformed the tree diagrams in facilitation of probabilistic reasoning. Implications for understanding the nature of intuitive probability judgments are discussed.

Spatial-temporal forecasting the sunspot diagram

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Covas, Eurico

2017-09-01

Aims: We attempt to forecast the Sun's sunspot butterfly diagram in both space (I.e. in latitude) and time, instead of the usual one-dimensional time series forecasts prevalent in the scientific literature. Methods: We use a prediction method based on the non-linear embedding of data series in high dimensions. We use this method to forecast both in latitude (space) and in time, using a full spatial-temporal series of the sunspot diagram from 1874 to 2015. Results: The analysis of the results shows that it is indeed possible to reconstruct the overall shape and amplitude of the spatial-temporal pattern of sunspots, but that the method in its current form does not have real predictive power. We also apply a metric called structural similarity to compare the forecasted and the observed butterfly cycles, showing that this metric can be a useful addition to the usual root mean square error metric when analysing the efficiency of different prediction methods. Conclusions: We conclude that it is in principle possible to reconstruct the full sunspot butterfly diagram for at least one cycle using this approach and that this method and others should be explored since just looking at metrics such as sunspot count number or sunspot total area coverage is too reductive given the spatial-temporal dynamical complexity of the sunspot butterfly diagram. However, more data and/or an improved approach is probably necessary to have true predictive power.

ATM CMG/EPEA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abramowitz, R.; Kovek, J.; Teimer, W.; Haddad, S. P.

1975-01-01

The Apollo Telescope mount double gimballed control moment gyro ATM CMG is described. Photographs of the CMG and its subassemblies are presented along with a functional block diagram of the CMG subsystem. Analog processing electronics for ATM vehicle pointing control and ATM experiment package pointing control are also described.

Multiorbital kinetic effects on charge ordering of frustrated electrons on the triangular lattice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Février, C.; Fratini, S.; Ralko, A.

2015-06-01

The role of the multiorbital effects on the emergence of frustrated electronic orders on the triangular lattice at half filling is investigated through an extended spinless fermion Hubbard model. By using two complementary approaches, unrestricted Hartree-Fock and exact diagonalizations, we unravel a very rich phase diagram controlled by the strength of both local and off-site Coulomb interactions and by the interorbital hopping anisotropy ratio t'/t . Three robust unconventional electronic phases, a pinball liquid, an inverse pinball liquid, and a large-unit-cell √{12 }×√{12 } droplet phase, are found to be generic in the triangular geometry, being controlled by the band structure parameters. The latter are also stabilized in the isotropic limit of our microscopic model, which recovers the standard SU(2) spinful extended single-band Hubbard model.

Research on Battery Energy Storage System Based on User Side

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Qian; Zhang, Yichi; Yun, Zejian; Wang, Xuguang; Zhang, Dong; Bian, Di

2018-01-01

This paper introduces the effect of user side energy storage on the user side and the network side, a battery energy storage system for the user side is designed. The main circuit topology of the battery energy storage system based on the user side is given, the structure is mainly composed of two parts: DC-DC two-way half bridge converter and DC-AC two-way converter, a control strategy combining battery charging and discharging characteristics is proposed to decouple the grid side and the energy storage side, and the block diagram of the charging and discharging control of the energy storage system is given. The simulation results show that the battery energy storage system of the user side can not only realize reactive power compensation of low-voltage distribution network, but also improve the power quality of the users.

Controlling Chirality of Entropic Crystals.

PubMed

Damasceno, Pablo F; Karas, Andrew S; Schultz, Benjamin A; Engel, Michael; Glotzer, Sharon C

2015-10-09

Colloidal crystal structures with complexity and diversity rivaling atomic and molecular crystals have been predicted and obtained for hard particles by entropy maximization. However, thus far homochiral colloidal crystals, which are candidates for photonic metamaterials, are absent. Using Monte Carlo simulations we show that chiral polyhedra exhibiting weak directional entropic forces self-assemble either an achiral crystal or a chiral crystal with limited control over the crystal handedness. Building blocks with stronger faceting exhibit higher selectivity and assemble a chiral crystal with handedness uniquely determined by the particle chirality. Tuning the strength of directional entropic forces by means of particle rounding or the use of depletants allows for reconfiguration between achiral and homochiral crystals. We rationalize our findings by quantifying the chirality strength of each particle, both from particle geometry and potential of mean force and torque diagrams.

Node, Node-Link, and Node-Link-Group Diagrams: An Evaluation.

PubMed

Saket, Bahador; Simonetto, Paolo; Kobourov, Stephen; Börner, Katy

2014-12-01

Effectively showing the relationships between objects in a dataset is one of the main tasks in information visualization. Typically there is a well-defined notion of distance between pairs of objects, and traditional approaches such as principal component analysis or multi-dimensional scaling are used to place the objects as points in 2D space, so that similar objects are close to each other. In another typical setting, the dataset is visualized as a network graph, where related nodes are connected by links. More recently, datasets are also visualized as maps, where in addition to nodes and links, there is an explicit representation of groups and clusters. We consider these three Techniques, characterized by a progressive increase of the amount of encoded information: node diagrams, node-link diagrams and node-link-group diagrams. We assess these three types of diagrams with a controlled experiment that covers nine different tasks falling broadly in three categories: node-based tasks, network-based tasks and group-based tasks. Our findings indicate that adding links, or links and group representations, does not negatively impact performance (time and accuracy) of node-based tasks. Similarly, adding group representations does not negatively impact the performance of network-based tasks. Node-link-group diagrams outperform the others on group-based tasks. These conclusions contradict results in other studies, in similar but subtly different settings. Taken together, however, such results can have significant implications for the design of standard and domain snecific visualizations tools.

Structural, vibrational and thermodynamic properties of Mg2SiO4 and MgSiO3 minerals from first-principles simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hernández, E. R.; Brodholt, J.; Alfè, D.

2015-03-01

In this paper we report a computational study of the structural and vibrational properties of the Mg-end members forsterite, wadsleyite and ringwoodite of Mg2SiO4 , and akimotoite, majorite and the perovskite phase of MgSiO3 . Our calculations have been carried out in the framework of Density Functional Theory (DFT) using a plane wave basis set and the Projector-augmented Wave (PAW) method to account for the core electrons. All structures have been fully relaxed at a series of volumes corresponding to the pressure range relevant to the transition zone in the Earth's mantle, and at each volume the phonon frequencies have been obtained and classified. Using the quasi-harmonic approximation, we have estimated a series of thermodynamic properties for each structure, including the Gibbs free energy, from which we have computed approximate phase diagrams for Mg2SiO4 and MgSiO3 . In spite of our reliance on the quasi-harmonic approximation, which is expected to break down at high temperatures, our calculated phase diagrams qualitatively reproduce the main features expected from diagrams fitted to experimental data. For example, from the computed phase diagram for Mg2SiO4 we obtain a post-spinel boundary at P = 22.1 GPa at T = 1873 K, with a slope of -3.4 MPa/K.This supports experimental results suggesting a relatively large slope rather than those favouring a much flatter one. It also suggests that vertical deflections of the 660 km discontinuity due to thermal signatures from plumes and slabs should be similar to those at the 410 km, and that a deflection of 35 km as seen in recent seismic studies could be caused by a thermal anomaly as small as 330 K. We also identify the triple point between the ringwoodite, ilmenite (plus periclase) and perovskite (plus periclase) phases to be at P = 22.9 GPa and T = 1565 K. Our results clearly illustrate the stringent requirements made on theoretical models in order to extract predictions compatible with the available experimental data.

Integration, design, and construction of a CELSS breadboard facility for bioregenerative life support system research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prince, R.; Knott, W.; Buchanan, Paul

1987-01-01

Design criteria for the Biomass Production Chamber (BPC), preliminary operating procedures, and requirements for the future development of the Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) are discussed. CELSS, which uses a bioregenerative system, includes the following three major units: (1) a biomass production component to grow plants under controlled conditions; (2) food processing components to derive maximum edible content from all plant parts; and (3) waste management components to recover and recycle all solids, liquids, and gases necessary to support life. The current status of the CELSS breadboard facility is reviewed; a block diagram of a simplified version of CELSS and schematic diagrams of the BPS are included.

A nonlinear disturbance-decoupled elevation axis controller for the Multiple Mirror Telescope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clark, Dusty; Trebisky, Tom; Powell, Keith

2008-07-01

The Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT), upgraded in 2000 to a monolithic 6.5m primary mirror from its original array of six 1.8m primary mirrors, was commissioned with axis controllers designed early in the upgrade process without regard to structural resonances or the possibility of the need for digital filtering of the control axis signal path. Post-commissioning performance issues led us to investigate replacement of the original control system with a more modern digital controller with full control over the system filters and gain paths. This work, from system identification through controller design iteration by simulation, and pre-deployment hardware-in-the-loop testing, was performed using latest-generation tools with Matlab® and Simulink®. Using Simulink's Real Time Workshop toolbox to automatically generate C source code for the controller from the Simulink diagram and a custom target build script, we were able to deploy the new controller into our existing software infrastructure running Wind River's VxWorks™real-time operating system. This paper describes the process of the controller design, including system identification data collection, with discussion of implementation of non-linear control modes and disturbance decoupling, which became necessary to obtain acceptable wind buffeting rejection.

Schematic representation of residue-based protein context-dependent data: an application to transmembrane proteins.

PubMed

Campagne, F; Weinstein, H

1999-01-01

An algorithmic method for drawing residue-based schematic diagrams of proteins on a 2D page is presented and illustrated. The method allows the creation of rendering engines dedicated to a given family of sequences, or fold. The initial implementation provides an engine that can produce a 2D diagram representing secondary structure for any transmembrane protein sequence. We present the details of the strategy for automating the drawing of these diagrams. The most important part of this strategy is the development of an algorithm for laying out residues of a loop that connects to arbitrary points of a 2D plane. As implemented, this algorithm is suitable for real-time modification of the loop layout. This work is of interest for the representation and analysis of data from (1) protein databases, (2) mutagenesis results, or (3) various kinds of protein context-dependent annotations or data.

Multinary alloy electrodes for solid state batteries I. A phase diagram approach for the selection and storage properties determination of candidate electrode materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anani, A.; Huggins, R. A.

The desire to produce high specific energy rechargeable batteries has led to the investigation of ternary alloy systems for use as negative electrode components in lithium-based cells. The addition of a third component to a binary alloy electrode could result in a significant change in the thermodynamic and/or kinetic behavior of the electrode material, depending on the relevant phase diagram and the crystal structures of the phases present. The influence of ternary phase diagram characteristics upon the thermodynamic properties and specific energies of multi-component electrodes is discussed with lithiumsilicon-based systems as an illustration. It is shown that the electrode potentials (and thus specific energies of the ensuing cell) as well as the theoretical lithium capacities of electrodes based on these ternary alloy modifications can be significantly increased with respect to their present day binary counterpart.

Higher-order gravitational lensing reconstruction using Feynman diagrams

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jenkins, Elizabeth E.; Manohar, Aneesh V.; Yadav, Amit P.S.

2014-09-01

We develop a method for calculating the correlation structure of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) using Feynman diagrams, when the CMB has been modified by gravitational lensing, Faraday rotation, patchy reionization, or other distorting effects. This method is used to calculate the bias of the Hu-Okamoto quadratic estimator in reconstructing the lensing power spectrum up to  O (φ{sup 4}) in the lensing potential φ. We consider both the diagonal noise TT TT, EB EB, etc. and, for the first time, the off-diagonal noise TT TE, TB EB, etc. The previously noted large  O (φ{sup 4}) term in the second order noise ismore » identified to come from a particular class of diagrams. It can be significantly reduced by a reorganization of the φ expansion. These improved estimators have almost no bias for the off-diagonal case involving only one B component of the CMB, such as EE EB.« less

Phase behavior of a family of truncated hard cubes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gantapara, Anjan P., E-mail: A.P.Gantapara@uu.nl; Dijkstra, Marjolein, E-mail: M.Dijkstra1@uu.nl; Graaf, Joost de

2015-02-07

In continuation of our work in Gantapara et al., [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 015501 (2013)], we investigate here the thermodynamic phase behavior of a family of truncated hard cubes, for which the shape evolves smoothly from a cube via a cuboctahedron to an octahedron. We used Monte Carlo simulations and free-energy calculations to establish the full phase diagram. This phase diagram exhibits a remarkable richness in crystal and mesophase structures, depending sensitively on the precise particle shape. In addition, we examined in detail the nature of the plastic crystal (rotator) phases that appear for intermediate densities and levels of truncation.more » Our results allow us to probe the relation between phase behavior and building-block shape and to further the understanding of rotator phases. Furthermore, the phase diagram presented here should prove instrumental for guiding future experimental studies on similarly shaped nanoparticles and the creation of new materials.« less

Object-oriented analysis and design of a health care management information system.

PubMed

Krol, M; Reich, D L

1999-04-01

We have created a prototype for a universal object-oriented model of a health care system compatible with the object-oriented approach used in version 3.0 of the HL7 standard for communication messages. A set of three models has been developed: (1) the Object Model describes the hierarchical structure of objects in a system--their identity, relationships, attributes, and operations; (2) the Dynamic Model represents the sequence of operations in time as a collection of state diagrams for object classes in the system; and (3) functional Diagram represents the transformation of data within a system by means of data flow diagrams. Within these models, we have defined major object classes of health care participants and their subclasses, associations, attributes and operators, states, and behavioral scenarios. We have also defined the major processes and subprocesses. The top-down design approach allows use, reuse, and cloning of standard components.

Geometry Helps to Compare Persistence Diagrams

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kerber, Michael; Morozov, Dmitriy; Nigmetov, Arnur

2015-11-16

Exploiting geometric structure to improve the asymptotic complexity of discrete assignment problems is a well-studied subject. In contrast, the practical advantages of using geometry for such problems have not been explored. We implement geometric variants of the Hopcroft--Karp algorithm for bottleneck matching (based on previous work by Efrat el al.), and of the auction algorithm by Bertsekas for Wasserstein distance computation. Both implementations use k-d trees to replace a linear scan with a geometric proximity query. Our interest in this problem stems from the desire to compute distances between persistence diagrams, a problem that comes up frequently in topological datamore » analysis. We show that our geometric matching algorithms lead to a substantial performance gain, both in running time and in memory consumption, over their purely combinatorial counterparts. Moreover, our implementation significantly outperforms the only other implementation available for comparing persistence diagrams.« less

The software architecture of climate models: a graphical comparison of CMIP5 and EMICAR5 configurations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alexander, K.; Easterbrook, S. M.

2015-01-01

We analyse the source code of eight coupled climate models, selected from those that participated in the CMIP5 (Taylor et al., 2012) or EMICAR5 (Eby et al., 2013; Zickfeld et al., 2013) intercomparison projects. For each model, we sort the preprocessed code into components and subcomponents based on dependency structure. We then create software architecture diagrams which show the relative sizes of these components/subcomponents and the flow of data between them. The diagrams also illustrate several major classes of climate model design; the distribution of complexity between components, which depends on historical development paths as well as the conscious goals of each institution; and the sharing of components between different modelling groups. These diagrams offer insights into the similarities and differences between models, and have the potential to be useful tools for communication between scientists, scientific institutions, and the public.

A novel orthoimage mosaic method using the weighted A* algorithm for UAV imagery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Maoteng; Zhou, Shunping; Xiong, Xiaodong; Zhu, Junfeng

2017-12-01

A weighted A* algorithm is proposed to select optimal seam-lines in orthoimage mosaic for UAV (Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle) imagery. The whole workflow includes four steps: the initial seam-line network is firstly generated by standard Voronoi Diagram algorithm; an edge diagram is then detected based on DSM (Digital Surface Model) data; the vertices (conjunction nodes) of initial network are relocated since some of them are on the high objects (buildings, trees and other artificial structures); and, the initial seam-lines are finally refined using the weighted A* algorithm based on the edge diagram and the relocated vertices. The method was tested with two real UAV datasets. Preliminary results show that the proposed method produces acceptable mosaic images in both the urban and mountainous areas, and is better than the result of the state-of-the-art methods on the datasets.

100 GB/S Time Division Multiplex (TDM) Access Nodes and Regenerators Based on Novel Loop Mirrors with High Nonlinearity Fibers

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-07-01

spectral components remain co-polarized. We confirmed that this was the case by passing the continuum through a polarizing beam splitter . The...propagation direction through polarization beam splitters and aligned along the other axis of the fiber. Co-propagating control and signal pulses...amplifier, PBS = polarization beam splitter . Figure 8. Eye diagram of header processor. This is the trace of the eye diagrams taken with the setup of Fig

Considerations concerning fatigue life of metal matrix composites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Radhakrishnan, V. M.; Bartolotta, Paul A.

1993-01-01

Since metal matrix composites (MMC) are composed from two very distinct materials each having their own physical and mechanical properties, it is feasible that the fatigue resistance depends on the strength of the weaker constituent. Based on this assumption, isothermal fatigue lives of several MMC's were analyzed utilizing a fatigue life diagram approach. For each MMC, the fatigue life diagram was quantified using the mechanical properties of its constituents. The fatigue life regions controlled by fiber fracture and matrix were also quantitatively defined.

Application of a postulate based control theory for an artificial arm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jacobsen, S. C.; Jerard, R. B.

1975-01-01

The biocontroller, remnant of the natural arm, and feedback elements must be considered in designing a controller for an above elbow artificial arm for amputees. This fundamental postulate is used to derive equations for developing the controller, which is shown in block diagrams.

Molecule diagram from space-grown crystals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

Researchers' at Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, in Buffalo, N.Y. have analyzed the molecular structures of insulin crystals grown during Space Shuttle experiments and are unlocking the mystery of how insulin works.

Oriented shift and inverse of the daughter droplet due to the asymmetry of grand-daughter droplets of multiple emulsions in a symmetric flow field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jingtao; Wang, Xiaoyong; Tai, Mo; Guan, Jing

2016-01-01

The rheological behaviors of multiple emulsions with an asymmetric internal structure in its third layer (grand-daughter droplets) under a modest extensional flow are investigated in this paper. The asymmetric structure will lead to the asymmetric circulation and pressure distribution inside the globule and eventually result in the oriented shift of its daughter droplet (in the second layer). The shift direction is affected not only by the structural asymmetry parameter As but also by some flow features including the capillary number Ca and viscosity ratio λ. Changes of these factors might cause the reverse of the shift direction, which are shown in three phase diagrams as a function of As, Ca, and λ. As the oriented shift of the daughter droplet would cause the oriented breakup of the multiple-emulsion globule, this phenomenon could be applied for the controlled release of the globule insertion by a hydrodynamic approach.

Non-uniform solute segregation at semi-coherent metal/oxide interfaces

DOE PAGES

Choudhury, Samrat; Aguiar, Jeffery A.; Fluss, Michael J.; ...

2015-08-26

The properties and performance of metal/oxide nanocomposites are governed by the structure and chemistry of the metal/oxide interfaces. Here we report an integrated theoretical and experimental study examining the role of interfacial structure, particularly misfit dislocations, on solute segregation at a metal/oxide interface. We find that the local oxygen environment, which varies significantly between the misfit dislocations and the coherent terraces, dictates the segregation tendency of solutes to the interface. Depending on the nature of the solute and local oxygen content, segregation to misfit dislocations can change from attraction to repulsion, revealing the complex interplay between chemistry and structure atmore » metal/oxide interfaces. These findings indicate that the solute chemistry at misfit dislocations is controlled by the dislocation density and oxygen content. As a result, fundamental thermodynamic concepts – the Hume-Rothery rules and the Ellingham diagram – qualitatively predict the segregation behavior of solutes to such interfaces, providing design rules for novel interfacial chemistries.« less

Preliminary design report, Large Space Telescope OTA/SI Phase B study: High speed area photometer. [systems analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

A photometer is examined which combines several features from separate instruments into a single package. The design presented has both point and area photometry capability with provision for inserting filters to provide spectral discrimination. The electronics provide for photon counting mode for the point detectors and both photon counting and analog modes for the area detector. The area detector also serves as a target locating device for the point detectors. Topics discussed include: (1) electronic equipment requirements, (2) optical properties, (3) structural housing for the instrument, (4) motors and other mechanical components, (5) ground support equipment, and (6) environment control for the instrument. Engineering drawings and block diagrams are shown.

V/STOL tilt rotor study. Volume 5: A mathematical model for real time flight simulation of the Bell model 301 tilt rotor research aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harendra, P. B.; Joglekar, M. J.; Gaffey, T. M.; Marr, R. L.

1973-01-01

A mathematical model for real-time flight simulation of a tilt rotor research aircraft was developed. The mathematical model was used to support the aircraft design, pilot training, and proof-of-concept aspects of the development program. The structure of the mathematical model is indicated by a block diagram. The mathematical model differs from that for a conventional fixed wing aircraft principally in the added requirement to represent the dynamics and aerodynamics of the rotors, the interaction of the rotor wake with the airframe, and the rotor control and drive systems. The constraints imposed on the mathematical model are defined.

Understanding of Relation Structures of Graphical Models by Lower Secondary Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van Buuren, Onne; Heck, André; Ellermeijer, Ton

2016-01-01

A learning path has been developed on system dynamical graphical modelling, integrated into the Dutch lower secondary physics curriculum. As part of the developmental research for this learning path, students' understanding of the relation structures shown in the diagrams of graphical system dynamics based models has been investigated. One of our…

Applying Structural Systems Thinking to Frame Perspectives on Social Work Innovation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stringfellow, Erin J.

2017-01-01

Objective: Innovation will be key to the success of the Grand Challenges Initiative in social work. A structural systems framework based in system dynamics could be useful for considering how to advance innovation. Method: Diagrams using system dynamics conventions were developed to link common themes across concept papers written by social work…

Diagram-based Analysis of Causal Systems (DACS): elucidating inter-relationships between determinants of acute lower respiratory infections among children in sub-Saharan Africa.

PubMed

Rehfuess, Eva A; Best, Nicky; Briggs, David J; Joffe, Mike

2013-12-06

Effective interventions require evidence on how individual causal pathways jointly determine disease. Based on the concept of systems epidemiology, this paper develops Diagram-based Analysis of Causal Systems (DACS) as an approach to analyze complex systems, and applies it by examining the contributions of proximal and distal determinants of childhood acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in sub-Saharan Africa. Diagram-based Analysis of Causal Systems combines the use of causal diagrams with multiple routinely available data sources, using a variety of statistical techniques. In a step-by-step process, the causal diagram evolves from conceptual based on a priori knowledge and assumptions, through operational informed by data availability which then undergoes empirical testing, to integrated which synthesizes information from multiple datasets. In our application, we apply different regression techniques to Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) datasets for Benin, Ethiopia, Kenya and Namibia and a pooled World Health Survey (WHS) dataset for sixteen African countries. Explicit strategies are employed to make decisions transparent about the inclusion/omission of arrows, the sign and strength of the relationships and homogeneity/heterogeneity across settings.Findings about the current state of evidence on the complex web of socio-economic, environmental, behavioral and healthcare factors influencing childhood ALRI, based on DHS and WHS data, are summarized in an integrated causal diagram. Notably, solid fuel use is structured by socio-economic factors and increases the risk of childhood ALRI mortality. Diagram-based Analysis of Causal Systems is a means of organizing the current state of knowledge about a specific area of research, and a framework for integrating statistical analyses across a whole system. This partly a priori approach is explicit about causal assumptions guiding the analysis and about researcher judgment, and wrong assumptions can be reversed following empirical testing. This approach is well-suited to dealing with complex systems, in particular where data are scarce.

Towards First Principles-Based Prediction of Highly Accurate Electrochemical Pourbaix Diagrams

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zeng, Zhenhua; Chan, Maria K. Y.; Zhao, Zhi-Jian

2015-08-13

Electrochemical potential/pH (Pourbaix) diagrams underpin many aqueous electrochemical processes and are central to the identification of stable phases of metals for processes ranging from electrocatalysis to corrosion. Even though standard DFT calculations are potentially powerful tools for the prediction of such diagrams, inherent errors in the description of transition metal (hydroxy)oxides, together with neglect of van der Waals interactions, have limited the reliability of such predictions for even the simplest pure metal bulk compounds, and corresponding predictions for more complex alloy or surface structures are even more challenging. In the present work, through synergistic use of a Hubbard U correction,more » a state-of-the-art dispersion correction, and a water-based bulk reference state for the calculations, these errors are systematically corrected. The approach describes the weak binding that occurs between hydroxyl-containing functional groups in certain compounds in Pourbaix diagrams, corrects for self-interaction errors in transition metal compounds, and reduces residual errors on oxygen atoms by preserving a consistent oxidation state between the reference state, water, and the relevant bulk phases. The strong performance is illustrated on a series of bulk transition metal (Mn, Fe, Co and Ni) hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, binary, and ternary oxides, where the corresponding thermodynamics of redox and (de)hydration are described with standard errors of 0.04 eV per (reaction) formula unit. The approach further preserves accurate descriptions of the overall thermodynamics of electrochemically-relevant bulk reactions, such as water formation, which is an essential condition for facilitating accurate analysis of reaction energies for electrochemical processes on surfaces. The overall generality and transferability of the scheme suggests that it may find useful application in the construction of a broad array of electrochemical phase diagrams, including both bulk Pourbaix diagrams and surface phase diagrams of interest for corrosion and electrocatalysis.« less

Diagram-based Analysis of Causal Systems (DACS): elucidating inter-relationships between determinants of acute lower respiratory infections among children in sub-Saharan Africa

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Effective interventions require evidence on how individual causal pathways jointly determine disease. Based on the concept of systems epidemiology, this paper develops Diagram-based Analysis of Causal Systems (DACS) as an approach to analyze complex systems, and applies it by examining the contributions of proximal and distal determinants of childhood acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in sub-Saharan Africa. Results Diagram-based Analysis of Causal Systems combines the use of causal diagrams with multiple routinely available data sources, using a variety of statistical techniques. In a step-by-step process, the causal diagram evolves from conceptual based on a priori knowledge and assumptions, through operational informed by data availability which then undergoes empirical testing, to integrated which synthesizes information from multiple datasets. In our application, we apply different regression techniques to Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) datasets for Benin, Ethiopia, Kenya and Namibia and a pooled World Health Survey (WHS) dataset for sixteen African countries. Explicit strategies are employed to make decisions transparent about the inclusion/omission of arrows, the sign and strength of the relationships and homogeneity/heterogeneity across settings. Findings about the current state of evidence on the complex web of socio-economic, environmental, behavioral and healthcare factors influencing childhood ALRI, based on DHS and WHS data, are summarized in an integrated causal diagram. Notably, solid fuel use is structured by socio-economic factors and increases the risk of childhood ALRI mortality. Conclusions Diagram-based Analysis of Causal Systems is a means of organizing the current state of knowledge about a specific area of research, and a framework for integrating statistical analyses across a whole system. This partly a priori approach is explicit about causal assumptions guiding the analysis and about researcher judgment, and wrong assumptions can be reversed following empirical testing. This approach is well-suited to dealing with complex systems, in particular where data are scarce. PMID:24314302

Cuprate phase diagram and the influence of nanoscale inhomogeneities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zaki, N.; Yang, H. -B.; Rameau, J. D.

2017-11-01

The phase diagram associated with high-Tc superconductors is complicated by an array of different ground states. The parent material represents an antiferromagnetic insulator but with doping superconductivity becomes possible with transition temperatures previously thought unattainable. The underdoped region of the phase diagram is dominated by the so-called pseudogap phenomena, whereby in the normal state the system mimics superconductivity in its spectral response but does not show the complete loss of resistivity associated with the superconducting state. An understanding of this regime presents one of the great challenges for the field. In the present study we revisit the structure of themore » phase diagram as determined in photoemission studies. By careful analysis of the role of nanoscale inhomogeneities in the overdoped region, we are able to more carefully separate out the gaps due to the pseudogap phenomena from the gaps due to the superconducting transition. Within a mean-field description, we are thus able to link the magnitude of the doping-dependent pseudogap directly to the Heisenberg exchange interaction term, J Sigma s(i)s(j), contained in the t - J model. This approach provides a clear indication that the pseudogap is associated with spin singlet formation.« less

Cuprate phase diagram and the influence of nanoscale inhomogeneities

DOE PAGES

Zaki, Nader; Yang, Hongbo -B.; Rameau, Jon D.; ...

2017-11-28

The phase diagram associated with high-T c superconductors is complicated by an array of different ground states. The parent material represents an antiferromagnetic insulator but with doping superconductivity becomes possible with transition temperatures previously thought unattainable. The underdoped region of the phase diagram is dominated by the so-called pseudogap phenomena, whereby in the normal state the system mimics superconductivity in its spectral response but does not show the complete loss of resistivity associated with the superconducting state. An understanding of this regime presents one of the great challenges for the field. In the present study we revisit the structure ofmore » the phase diagram as determined in photoemission studies. By careful analysis of the role of nanoscale inhomogeneities in the overdoped region, we are able to more carefully separate out the gaps due to the pseudogap phenomena from the gaps due to the superconducting transition. Within a mean-field description, we are thus able to link the magnitude of the doping-dependent pseudogap directly to the Heisenberg exchange interaction term, JΣs is j, contained in the t-J model. This approach provides a clear indication that the pseudogap is associated with spin singlet formation.« less

Uranium phase diagram from first principles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yanilkin, Alexey; Kruglov, Ivan; Migdal, Kirill; Oganov, Artem; Pokatashkin, Pavel; Sergeev, Oleg

2017-06-01

The work is devoted to the investigation of uranium phase diagram up to pressure of 1 TPa and temperature of 15 kK based on density functional theory. First of all the comparison of pseudopotential and full potential calculations is carried out for different uranium phases. In the second step, phase diagram at zero temperature is investigated by means of program USPEX and pseudopotential calculations. Stable and metastable structures with close energies are selected. In order to obtain phase diagram at finite temperatures the preliminary selection of stable phases is made by free energy calculation based on small displacement method. For remaining candidates the accurate values of free energy are obtained by means of thermodynamic integration method (TIM). For this purpose quantum molecular dynamics are carried out at different volumes and temperatures. Interatomic potentials based machine learning are developed in order to consider large systems and long times for TIM. The potentials reproduce the free energy with the accuracy 1-5 meV/atom, which is sufficient for prediction of phase transitions. The equilibrium curves of different phases are obtained based on free energies. Melting curve is calculated by modified Z-method with developed potential.

Cuprate phase diagram and the influence of nanoscale inhomogeneities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zaki, N.; Yang, H.-B.; Rameau, J. D.; Johnson, P. D.; Claus, H.; Hinks, D. G.

2017-11-01

The phase diagram associated with high-Tc superconductors is complicated by an array of different ground states. The parent material represents an antiferromagnetic insulator but with doping superconductivity becomes possible with transition temperatures previously thought unattainable. The underdoped region of the phase diagram is dominated by the so-called pseudogap phenomena, whereby in the normal state the system mimics superconductivity in its spectral response but does not show the complete loss of resistivity associated with the superconducting state. An understanding of this regime presents one of the great challenges for the field. In the present study we revisit the structure of the phase diagram as determined in photoemission studies. By careful analysis of the role of nanoscale inhomogeneities in the overdoped region, we are able to more carefully separate out the gaps due to the pseudogap phenomena from the gaps due to the superconducting transition. Within a mean-field description, we are thus able to link the magnitude of the doping-dependent pseudogap directly to the Heisenberg exchange interaction term, J ∑sisj , contained in the t -J model. This approach provides a clear indication that the pseudogap is associated with spin singlet formation.

A master dynamic flow diagram for the shear thickening transition in micellar solutions.

PubMed

Bautista, F; Tepale, N; Fernández, V V A; Landázuri, G; Hernández, E; Macías, E R; Soltero, J F A; Escalante, J I; Manero, O; Puig, J E

2016-01-07

The shear thickening behavior of dilute micellar solutions of hexadecyltrimethylammonium-type surfactants with different counterions (tosylate, 3- and 4-fluorobenzoate, vinylbenzoate and salicylate) and of n-alkyltetradecylammonium bromide (CnTAB), with n = 14, 16 and 18, is examined here. These solutions undergo a shear thickening transition due to the formation of shear-induced structures (SISs) in the shear range studied. Here we report a relationship between the shear thickening intensity and the differences in the hydrophobicity of counterions according to the Hofmeister-like anion series, which leads to a master flow diagram. This master flow diagram is produced by plotting a normalized shear thickening intensity (Iη - 1)/(Imax - 1) versus CD/CD,max, where Iη is the shear-thickening intensity, defined as the largest viscosity obtained in the shear-thickening transition (STT) at a given surfactant concentration CD divided by the Newtonian viscosity η0, and Imax is the largest intensity value obtained in the STT at a surfactant concentration CD,max. The master flow diagram is built using several cetyltrimethylammonium-type surfactants with different counterions, according to a Hofmeister-like series, and by n-alkyltetradecylammonium bromide surfactants with different alkyl chain lengths.

Fatigue behavior and life prediction of a SiC/Ti-24Al-11Nb composite under isothermal conditions. Ph.D. Thesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bartolotta, Paul A.

1991-01-01

Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) and Intermetallic Matrix Composites (IMC) were identified as potential material candidates for advanced aerospace applications. They are especially attractive for high temperature applications which require a low density material that maintains its structural integrity at elevated temperatures. High temperature fatigue resistance plays an important role in determining the structural integrity of the material. This study attempts to examine the relevance of test techniques, failure criterion, and life prediction as they pertain to an IMC material, specifically, unidirectional SiC fiber reinforced titanium aluminide. A series of strain and load controlled fatigue tests were conducted on unidirectional SiC/Ti-24Al-11Nb composite at 425 and 815 C. Several damage mechanism regimes were identified by using a strain-based representation of the data, Talreja's fatigue life diagram concept. Results of these tests were then used to address issues of test control modes, definition of failure, and testing techniques. Finally, a strain-based life prediction method was proposed for an IMC under tensile cyclic loadings at elevated temperatures.

Evidence for Coexistence of Bulk Superconductivity and Itinerant Antiferromagnetism in the Heavy Fermion System CeCo(In1−xCdx)5

PubMed Central

Howald, Ludovic; Stilp, Evelyn; de Réotier, Pierre Dalmas; Yaouanc, Alain; Raymond, Stéphane; Piamonteze, Cinthia; Lapertot, Gérard; Baines, Christopher; Keller, Hugo

2015-01-01

In the generic phase diagram of heavy fermion systems, tuning an external parameter such as hydrostatic or chemical pressure modifies the superconducting transition temperature. The superconducting phase forms a dome in the temperature—tuning parameter phase diagram, which is associated with a maximum of the superconducting pairing interaction. Proximity to antiferromagnetism suggests a relation between the disappearance of antiferromagnetic order and superconductivity. We combine muon spin rotation, neutron scattering, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques to gain access to the magnetic and electronic structure of CeCo(In1−xCdx)5 at different time scales. Different magnetic structures are obtained that indicate a magnetic order of itinerant character, coexisting with bulk superconductivity. The suppression of the antiferromagnetic order appears to be driven by a modification of the bandwidth/carrier concentration, implying that the electronic structure and consequently the interplay of superconductivity and magnetism is strongly affected by hydrostatic and chemical pressure. PMID:26224422

The Structure and Bonding State for Fullerene-Like Carbon Nitride Films with High Hardness Formed by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Sputtering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamata, Tomoyuki; Niwa, Osamu; Umemura, Shigeru; Hirono, Shigeru

2012-12-01

We studied pure carbon films and carbon nitride (CN) films by using electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) sputtering. The main feature of this method is high density ion irradiation during deposition, which enables the pure carbon films to have fullerene-like (FL) structures without nitrogen incorporation. Furthermore, without substrate heating, the ECR sputtered CN films exhibited an enhanced FL microstructure and hardness comparable to that of diamond at intermediate nitrogen concentration. This microstructure consisted of bent and cross-linked graphene sheets where layered areas remarkably decreased due to increased sp3 bonding. Under high nitrogen concentration conditions, the CN films demonstrated extremely low hardness because nitrile bonding not only decreased the covalent-bonded two-dimensional hexagonal network but also annihilated the bonding there. By evaluating lattice images obtained by transmission electron microscopy and the bonding state measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we classified the ECR sputtered CN films and offered phase diagram and structure zone diagram.

Evolution of the magnetic and structural properties of Fe 1 - x Co x V 2 O 4

DOE PAGES

Sinclair, R.; Ma, Jie; Cao, H. B.; ...

2015-10-12

The magnetic and structural properties of single-crystal Fe 1-xCo xV 2O 4 samples have been investigated by performing specific heat, susceptibility, neutron diffraction, and x-ray diffraction measurements. As the orbital-active Fe 2+ ions with larger ionic size are gradually substituted by the orbital-inactive Co 2+ ions with smaller ionic size, the system approaches the itinerant electron limit with decreasing V-V distance. Then, various factors such as the Jahn-Teller distortion and the spin-orbital coupling of the Fe 2+ ions on the A sites and the orbital ordering and electronic itinerancy of the V 3+ ions on the B sites compete withmore » each other to produce a complex magnetic and structural phase diagram. Finally, this phase diagram is compared to those of Fe 1-xMn xV 2O 4 and Mn 1-xCo xV 2O 4 to emphasize several distinct features.« less

Universal composition-structure-property maps for natural and biomimetic platelet-matrix composites and stacked heterostructures.

PubMed

Sakhavand, Navid; Shahsavari, Rouzbeh

2015-03-16

Many natural and biomimetic platelet-matrix composites--such as nacre, silk, and clay-polymer-exhibit a remarkable balance of strength, toughness and/or stiffness, which call for a universal measure to quantify this outstanding feature given the structure and material characteristics of the constituents. Analogously, there is an urgent need to quantify the mechanics of emerging electronic and photonic systems such as stacked heterostructures. Here we report the development of a unified framework to construct universal composition-structure-property diagrams that decode the interplay between various geometries and inherent material features in both platelet-matrix composites and stacked heterostructures. We study the effects of elastic and elastic-perfectly plastic matrices, overlap offset ratio and the competing mechanisms of platelet versus matrix failures. Validated by several 3D-printed specimens and a wide range of natural and synthetic materials across scales, the proposed universally valid diagrams have important implications for science-based engineering of numerous platelet-matrix composites and stacked heterostructures.

Elastic membranes in confinement.

PubMed

Bostwick, J B; Miksis, M J; Davis, S H

2016-07-01

An elastic membrane stretched between two walls takes a shape defined by its length and the volume of fluid it encloses. Many biological structures, such as cells, mitochondria and coiled DNA, have fine internal structure in which a membrane (or elastic member) is geometrically 'confined' by another object. Here, the two-dimensional shape of an elastic membrane in a 'confining' box is studied by introducing a repulsive confinement pressure that prevents the membrane from intersecting the wall. The stage is set by contrasting confined and unconfined solutions. Continuation methods are then used to compute response diagrams, from which we identify the particular membrane mechanics that generate mitochondria-like shapes. Large confinement pressures yield complex response diagrams with secondary bifurcations and multiple turning points where modal identities may change. Regions in parameter space where such behaviour occurs are then mapped. © 2016 The Author(s).

Spin crossover and Mott—Hubbard transition under high pressure and high temperature in the low mantle of the Earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ovchinnikov, S. G.; Ovchinnikova, T. M.; Plotkin, V. V.; Dyad'kov, P. G.

2015-11-01

Effect of high pressure induced spin crossover on the magnetic, electronic and structural properties of the minerals forming the Earth's low mantle is discussed. The low temperature P, T phase diagram of ferropericlase has the quantum phase transition point Pc = 56 GPa at T = 0 confirmed recently by the synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy. The LDA+GTB calculated phase diagram describes the experimental data. Its extension to the high temperature resulted earlier in prediction of the metallic properties of the Earth's mantle at the depth 1400 km < h < 1800 km. Estimation of the electrical conductivity based on the percolation theory is given. We discuss also the thermodynamic properties and structural anomalies resulting from the spin crossover and metal-insulator transition and compare them with the experimental seismic and geomagnetic field data.

High-pressure hydrogen sulfide by diffusion quantum Monte Carlo.

PubMed

Azadi, Sam; Kühne, Thomas D

2017-02-28

We revisit the enthalpy-pressure phase diagram of the various products from the different proposed decompositions of H 2 S at pressures above 150 GPa by means of accurate diffusion Monte Carlo simulations. Our results entail a revision of the ground-state enthalpy-pressure phase diagram. Specifically, we find that the C2/c HS 2 structure is persistent up to 440 GPa before undergoing a phase transition into the C2/m phase. Contrary to density functional theory, our calculations suggest that the C2/m phase of HS is more stable than the I4 1 /amd HS structure over the whole pressure range from 150 to 400 GPa. More importantly, we predict that the Im-3m phase is the most likely candidate for H 3 S, which is consistent with recent experimental x-ray diffraction measurements.

Topological phase diagram and saddle point singularity in a tunable topological crystalline insulator

DOE PAGES

Neupane, Madhab; Xu, Su-Yang; Sankar, R.; ...

2015-08-20

Here we report the evolution of the surface electronic structure and surface material properties of a topological crystalline insulator (TCI), Pb 1more » $${-}$$xSnxSe, as a function of various material parameters including composition x, temperature T , and crystal structure. Our spectroscopic data demonstrate the electronic ground-state condition for the saddle point singularity, the tunability of surface chemical potential, and the surface states’ response to circularly polarized light. Our results show that each material parameter can tune the system between the trivial and topological phase in a distinct way, unlike that seen in Bi 2Se 3 and related compounds, leading to a rich topological phase diagram. Our systematic studies of the TCI Pb 1$${-}$$xSnxSe are a valuable materials guide to realize new topological phenomena.« less

Quantum dots in single electron transistors with ultrathin silicon-on-insulator structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ihara, S.; Andreev, A.; Williams, D. A.; Kodera, T.; Oda, S.

2015-07-01

We report on fabrication and transport properties of lithographically defined single quantum dots (QDs) in single electron transistors with ultrathin silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. We observed comparatively large charging energy E C ˜ 20 meV derived from the stability diagram at a temperature of 4.2 K. We also carried out three-dimensional calculations of the capacitance matrix and transport properties through the QD for the real structure geometry and found an excellent quantitative agreement with experiment of the calculated main parameters of stability diagram (charging energy, period of Coulomb oscillations, and asymmetry of the diamonds). The obtained results confirm fabrication of well-defined integrated QDs as designed with ultrathin SOI that makes it possible to achieve relatively large QD charging energies, which is useful for stable and high temperature operation of single electron devices.

Cell sheet mechanics: How geometrical constraints induce the detachment of cell sheets from concave surfaces.

PubMed

Yamashita, Tadahiro; Kollmannsberger, Philip; Mawatari, Kazuma; Kitamori, Takehiko; Vogel, Viola

2016-11-01

Despite of the progress made to engineer structured microtissues such as BioMEMS and 3D bioprinting, little control exists how microtissues transform as they mature, as the misbalance between cell-generated forces and the strength of cell-cell and cell-substrate contacts can result in unintended tissue deformations and ruptures. To develop a quantitative perspective on how cellular contractility, scaffold curvature and cell-substrate adhesion control such rupture processes, human aortic smooth muscle cells were grown on glass substrates with submillimeter semichannels. We quantified cell sheet detachment from 3D confocal image stacks as a function of channel curvature and cell sheet tension by adding different amounts of Blebbistatin and TGF-β to inhibit or enhance cell contractility, respectively. We found that both higher curvature and higher contractility increased the detachment probability. Variations of the adhesive strength of the protein coating on the substrate revealed that the rupture plane was localized along the substrate-extracellular matrix interface for non-covalently adsorbed adhesion proteins, while the collagen-integrin interface ruptured when collagen I was covalently crosslinked to the substrate. Finally, a simple mechanical model is introduced that quantitatively explains how the tuning of substrate curvature, cell sheet contractility and adhesive strength can be used as tunable parameters as summarized in a first semi-quantitative phase diagram. These parameters can thus be exploited to either inhibit or purposefully induce a collective detachment of sheet-like microtissues for the use in tissue engineering and regenerative therapies. Despite of the significant progress in 3D tissue fabrication technologies at the microscale, there is still no quantitative model that can predict if cells seeded on a 3D structure maintain the imposed geometry while they form a continuous microtissue. Especially, detachment or loss of shape control of growing tissue is a major concern when designing 3D-structured scaffolds. Utilizing semi-cylindrical channels and vascular smooth muscle cells, we characterized how geometrical and mechanical parameters such as curvature of the substrate, cellular contractility, or protein-substrate adhesion strength tune the catastrophic detachment of microtissue. Observed results were rationalized by a theoretical model. The phase diagram showing how unintended tissue detachment progresses would help in designing of mechanically-balanced 3D scaffolds in future tissue engineering applications. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Failure Assessment Diagram for Titanium Brazed Joints

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Flom, Yury; Jones, Justin S.; Powell, Mollie M.; Puckett, David F.

2011-01-01

The interaction equation was used to predict failure in Ti-4V-6Al joints brazed with Al 1100 filler metal. The joints used in this study were geometrically similar to the joints in the brazed beryllium metering structure considered for the ATLAS telescope. This study confirmed that the interaction equation R(sub sigma) + R(sub Tau) = 1, where R(sub sigma) and R(sub Tau)are normal and shear stress ratios, can be used as conservative lower bound estimate of the failure criterion in ATLAS brazed joints as well as for construction of the Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD).

Magnetic Phase Diagram of Heusler Alloy System Ni2Mn1-xCrxGa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adachi, Yoshiya; Kouta, Ryuji; Fujio, Mitsuhiro; Kanomata, Takeshi; Umetsu, Rie Y.; Xu, Xiao; Kainuma, Ryosuke

The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity ρ of Ni2Mn1-xCrxGa (x=0.05∼0.25) was measured. Two anomalies corresponding to the magnetic and structural phase transitions at TC and TM were observed on the ρ-T curves for each sample, respectively. The kinks corresponding to the premartensitic transition at Tp were observed for all samples except x=0.25. On the basis of the experimental results, the T vs. x phase diagram of Ni2Mn1-xCrxGa was determined.

Identification and Characterization of the UL37 Protein of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Demonstration that it Interacts with ICP8, the Major DNA Binding Protein of Herpes Simplex Virus

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-10-20

Identification of ORFs HSV DNA binding proteins • 1 3 3 5 7 7 11 17 18 22 reps and its role in HSV replication 23 Biochemical properties . . 23...Figure 1 . 2. 3 • 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Structural model of the herpesvirus virion Schematic diagram of HSV pathogenesis . Diagram of the main...vaccinia virus- 13. Autoradiogram of an immunoblot of HSV - 1 -infected cell proteins harvested at various times postinfec- 85 tioD probed with anti-UL42

Equilibrium magnetic states in individual hemispherical permalloy caps

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Streubel, Robert; Schmidt, Oliver G.; Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz

2012-09-24

The magnetization distributions in individual soft magnetic permalloy caps on non-magnetic spherical particles with sizes ranging from 50 to 800 nm are investigated. We experimentally visualize the magnetic structures at the resolution limit of the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism photoelectron emission microscopy (XMCD-PEEM). By analyzing the so-called tail contrast in XMCD-PEEM, the spatial resolution is significantly enhanced, which allowed us to explore magnetic vortices and their displacement on curved surfaces. Furthermore, cap nanostructures are modeled as extruded hemispheres to determine theoretically the phase diagram of equilibrium magnetic states. The calculated phase diagram agrees well with the experimental observations.

Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in a Periodically Driven XY Spin Chain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prosen, Tomaž; Ilievski, Enej

2011-08-01

We present a general formulation of Floquet states of periodically time-dependent open Markovian quasifree fermionic many-body systems in terms of a discrete Lyapunov equation. Illustrating the technique, we analyze periodically kicked XY spin-(1)/(2) chain which is coupled to a pair of Lindblad reservoirs at its ends. A complex phase diagram is reported with reentrant phases of long range and exponentially decaying spin-spin correlations as some of the system’s parameters are varied. The structure of phase diagram is reproduced in terms of counting nontrivial stationary points of Floquet quasiparticle dispersion relation.

BetaCavityWeb: a webserver for molecular voids and channels

PubMed Central

Kim, Jae-Kwan; Cho, Youngsong; Lee, Mokwon; Laskowski, Roman A.; Ryu, Seong Eon; Sugihara, Kokichi; Kim, Deok-Soo

2015-01-01

Molecular cavities, which include voids and channels, are critical for molecular function. We present a webserver, BetaCavityWeb, which computes these cavities for a given molecular structure and a given spherical probe, and reports their geometrical properties: volume, boundary area, buried area, etc. The server's algorithms are based on the Voronoi diagram of atoms and its derivative construct: the beta-complex. The correctness of the computed result and computational efficiency are both mathematically guaranteed. BetaCavityWeb is freely accessible at the Voronoi Diagram Research Center (VDRC) (http://voronoi.hanyang.ac.kr/betacavityweb). PMID:25904629

Stability and dynamical properties of material flow systems on random networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anand, K.; Galla, T.

2009-04-01

The theory of complex networks and of disordered systems is used to study the stability and dynamical properties of a simple model of material flow networks defined on random graphs. In particular we address instabilities that are characteristic of flow networks in economic, ecological and biological systems. Based on results from random matrix theory, we work out the phase diagram of such systems defined on extensively connected random graphs, and study in detail how the choice of control policies and the network structure affects stability. We also present results for more complex topologies of the underlying graph, focussing on finitely connected Erdös-Réyni graphs, Small-World Networks and Barabási-Albert scale-free networks. Results indicate that variability of input-output matrix elements, and random structures of the underlying graph tend to make the system less stable, while fast price dynamics or strong responsiveness to stock accumulation promote stability.

Resistive switching characteristics and mechanisms in silicon oxide memory devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Yao-Feng; Fowler, Burt; Chen, Ying-Chen; Zhou, Fei; Wu, Xiaohan; Chen, Yen-Ting; Wang, Yanzhen; Xue, Fei; Lee, Jack C.

2016-05-01

Intrinsic unipolar SiOx-based resistance random access memories (ReRAM) characterization, switching mechanisms, and applications have been investigated. Device structures, material compositions, and electrical characteristics are identified that enable ReRAM cells with high ON/OFF ratio, low static power consumption, low switching power, and high readout-margin using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor transistor (CMOS)-compatible SiOx-based materials. These ideas are combined with the use of horizontal and vertical device structure designs, composition optimization, electrical control, and external factors to help understand resistive switching (RS) mechanisms. Measured temperature effects, pulse response, and carrier transport behaviors lead to compact models of RS mechanisms and energy band diagrams in order to aid the development of computer-aided design for ultralarge-v scale integration. This chapter presents a comprehensive investigation of SiOx-based RS characteristics and mechanisms for the post-CMOS device era.

40 CFR 65.163 - Other records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Detailed schematics, design specifications of the control device, and piping and instrumentation diagrams... FEDERAL AIR RULE Closed Vent Systems, Control Devices, and Routing to a Fuel Gas System or a Process § 65... bypass lines that could divert a vent stream away from the control device and to the atmosphere, the...

Learning STEM Through Integrative Visual Representations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Virk, Satyugjit Singh

Previous cognitive models of memory have not comprehensively taken into account the internal cognitive load of chunking isolated information and have emphasized the external cognitive load of visual presentation only. Under the Virk Long Term Working Memory Multimedia Model of cognitive load, drawing from the Cowan model, students presented with integrated animations of the key neural signal transmission subcomponents where the interrelationships between subcomponents are visually and verbally explicit, were hypothesized to perform significantly better on free response and diagram labeling questions, than students presented with isolated animations of these subcomponents. This is because the internal attentional cognitive load of chunking these concepts is greatly reduced and hence the overall cognitive load is less for the integrated visuals group than the isolated group, despite the higher external load for the integrated group of having the interrelationships between subcomponents presented explicitly. Experiment 1 demonstrated that integrating the subcomponents of the neuron significantly enhanced comprehension of the interconnections between cellular subcomponents and approached significance for enhancing comprehension of the layered molecular correlates of the cellular structures and their interconnections. Experiment 2 corrected time on task confounds from Experiment 1 and focused on the cellular subcomponents of the neuron only. Results from the free response essay subcomponent subscores did demonstrate significant differences in favor of the integrated group as well as some evidence from the diagram labeling section. Results from free response, short answer and What-If (problem solving), and diagram labeling detailed interrelationship subscores demonstrated the integrated group did indeed learn the extra material they were presented with. This data demonstrating the integrated group learned the extra material they were presented with provides some initial support for the assertion that chunking mediated the greater gains in learning for the neural subcomponent concepts over the control.

Structural state diagram of concentrated suspensions of jammed soft particles in oscillatory shear flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khabaz, Fardin; Cloitre, Michel; Bonnecaze, Roger T.

2018-03-01

In a recent study [Khabaz et al., Phys. Rev. Fluids 2, 093301 (2017), 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.2.093301], we showed that jammed soft particle glasses (SPGs) crystallize and order in steady shear flow. Here we investigate the rheology and microstructures of these suspensions in oscillatory shear flow using particle-dynamics simulations. The microstructures in both types of flows are similar, but their evolutions are very different. In both cases the monodisperse and polydisperse suspensions form crystalline and layered structures, respectively, at high shear rates. The crystals obtained in the oscillatory shear flow show fewer defects compared to those in the steady shear. SPGs remain glassy for maximum oscillatory strains less than about the yield strain of the material. For maximum strains greater than the yield strain, microstructural and rheological transitions occur for SPGs. Polydisperse SPGs rearrange into a layered structure parallel to the flow-vorticity plane for sufficiently high maximum shear rates and maximum strains about 10 times greater than the yield strain. Monodisperse suspensions form a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure when the maximum shear rate is low and hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure when the maximum shear rate is high. In steady shear, the transition from a glassy state to a layered one for polydisperse suspensions included a significant induction strain before the transformation. In oscillatory shear, the transformation begins to occur immediately and with different microstructural changes. A state diagram for suspensions in large amplitude oscillatory shear flow is found to be in close but not exact agreement with the state diagram for steady shear flow. For more modest amplitudes of around one to five times the yield strain, there is a transition from a glassy structure to FCC and HCP crystals, at low and high frequencies, respectively, for monodisperse suspensions. At moderate frequencies, the transition is from glassy to HCP via an intermediate FCC phase.

The effects of using diagramming as a representational technique on high school students' achievement in solving math word problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Banerjee, Banmali

Methods and procedures for successfully solving math word problems have been, and continue to be a mystery to many U.S. high school students. Previous studies suggest that the contextual and mathematical understanding of a word problem, along with the development of schemas and their related external representations, positively contribute to students' accomplishments when solving word problems. Some studies have examined the effects of diagramming on students' abilities to solve word problems that only involved basic arithmetic operations. Other studies have investigated how instructional models that used technology influenced students' problem solving achievements. Still other studies have used schema-based instruction involving students with learning disabilities. No study has evaluated regular high school students' achievements in solving standard math word problems using a diagramming technique without technological aid. This study evaluated students' achievement in solving math word problems using a diagramming technique. Using a quasi-experimental experimental pretest-posttest research design, quantitative data were collected from 172 grade 11 Hispanic English language learners (ELLS) and African American learners whose first language is English (EFLLs) in 18 classes at an inner city high school in Northern New Jersey. There were 88 control and 84 experimental students. The pretest and posttest of each participating student and samples of the experimental students' class assignments provided the qualitative data for the study. The data from this study exhibited that the diagramming method of solving math word problems significantly improved student achievement in the experimental group (p<.01) compared to the control group. The study demonstrated that urban, high school, ELLs benefited from instruction that placed emphasis on the mathematical vocabulary and symbols used in word problems and that both ELLs and EFLLs improved their problem solving success through careful attention to the creation and labeling of diagrams to represent the mathematics involved in standard word problems. Although Learnertype (ELL, EFLL), Classtype (Bilingual and Mixed), and Gender (Female, Male) were not significant indicators of student achievement, there was significant interaction between Treatment and Classtype at the level of the Bilingual students ( p<.01) and between Treatment and Learnertype at the level of the ELLs (p<.01).

Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Impacts: Modeling and Observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

This document covers the following topics: Cratering on Titan: Projectiles, Craters and Impact Melt; The Cratering Database: Making Code Jockeys Honest; Popigai Impact Structure Modeling: Morphology and Worldwide Ejecta; Anhydrite EOS and Phase Diagram in Relation to Shock Decomposition; Computational Investigations of the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure; Hydrocode Simulations of the Chesapeake Bay Impact; Lockne Crater as a Result of Oblique Impact; The Influence of a Deep Shelf Sea on the Excavation and Modification of a Marine-Target Crater, the Lockne Crater, Central Sweden; Pre-Drilling Investigation of the Lake Bosumtwi Impact Crater: Constraints from Geophysics and Numerical Modelling; Central Uplift Formation at the Middlesboro Impact Structure, Kentucky, USA; A SRTM Investigation of Serra da Cangalho Impact Structure, Brazil; Brazilian Impact Craters: A Review; Flynn Creek Impact Structure: New Insights from Breccias, Melt Features, Shatter Cones, and Remote Sensing; The Howell Structure, Lincoln County, Tennessee: A Review of Past and Current Research; After the Chicxulub Impact: Control on Depositional and Diagenetic History of the Cenozoic Carbonate Formations of the Northwestern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico; Ni Contents by Non-Destructive In-Situ XRF Method of Takamatsu-Kagawa Crater District in Japan; and Akiyoshi Limestone Blocks Transported by the P/T Boundary Event to Japan Islands.

Exact Length Distribution of Filamentous Structures Assembled from a Finite Pool of Subunits.

PubMed

Harbage, David; Kondev, Jané

2016-07-07

Self-assembling filamentous structures made of protein subunits are ubiquitous in cell biology. These structures are often highly dynamic, with subunits in a continuous state of flux, binding to and falling off of filaments. In spite of this constant turnover of their molecular parts, many cellular structures seem to maintain a well-defined size over time, which is often required for their proper functioning. One widely discussed mechanism of size regulation involves the cell maintaining a finite pool of protein subunits available for assembly. This finite pool mechanism can control the length of a single filament by having assembly proceed until the pool of free subunits is depleted to the point when assembly and disassembly are balanced. Still, this leaves open the question of whether the same mechanism can provide size control for multiple filamentous structures that are assembled from a common pool of protein subunits, as is often the case in cells. We address this question by solving the steady-state master equation governing the stochastic assembly and disassembly of multifilament structures made from a shared finite pool of subunits. We find that, while the total number of subunits within a multifilament structure is well-defined, individual filaments within the structure have a wide, power-law distribution of lengths. We also compute the phase diagram for two multifilament structures competing for the same pool of subunits and identify conditions for coexistence when both have a well-defined size. These predictions can be tested in cell experiments in which the size of the subunit pool or the number of filament nucleators is tuned.

Experimental evaluation of a neural-oscillator-driven active mass damper system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iba, Daisuke; Hongu, Junichi

2014-03-01

This paper proposes a new active dynamic absorber control system for high-rise buildings using a neural oscillator and a map, which estimates the amplitude level of the oscillator, and shows some experimental results by using an apparatus, which realizes the proposed control algorithm. The proposed system decides the travel distance and direction of the auxiliary mass of the dynamic absorber using the output of oscillator, which is the filtering result of structure acceleration responses by the property of the oscillator, and Amplitude-Phase map (AP-map) for estimation of the structural response in specific frequency between synchronization region, and then, transfer the auxiliary mass to the predetermined location by using a position controller. In addition, the developed active dynamic absorber system is mounted on the top of the experimental single degree of freedom structure, which represents high-rise buildings, and consists of the auxiliary mass, a DC motor, a ball screw, a microcomputer, a laser displacement sensor, and an acceleration sensor. The proposed AP-map and the algorithm to determine the travel direction of the mass using the oscillator output are embedded in the microcomputer. This paper starts by illuminating the relation among subsystems of the proposed system with reference to a block diagram, and then, shows experimental responses of the whole system excited by earthquakes to confirm the validity of the proposed system.

Virtual modeling of polycrystalline structures of materials using particle packing algorithms and Laguerre cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morfa, Carlos Recarey; Farias, Márcio Muniz de; Morales, Irvin Pablo Pérez; Navarra, Eugenio Oñate Ibañez de; Valera, Roberto Roselló

2018-04-01

The influence of the microstructural heterogeneities is an important topic in the study of materials. In the context of computational mechanics, it is therefore necessary to generate virtual materials that are statistically equivalent to the microstructure under study, and to connect that geometrical description to the different numerical methods. Herein, the authors present a procedure to model continuous solid polycrystalline materials, such as rocks and metals, preserving their representative statistical grain size distribution. The first phase of the procedure consists of segmenting an image of the material into adjacent polyhedral grains representing the individual crystals. This segmentation allows estimating the grain size distribution, which is used as the input for an advancing front sphere packing algorithm. Finally, Laguerre diagrams are calculated from the obtained sphere packings. The centers of the spheres give the centers of the Laguerre cells, and their radii determine the cells' weights. The cell sizes in the obtained Laguerre diagrams have a distribution similar to that of the grains obtained from the image segmentation. That is why those diagrams are a convenient model of the original crystalline structure. The above-outlined procedure has been used to model real polycrystalline metallic materials. The main difference with previously existing methods lies in the use of a better particle packing algorithm.

Emergency department crowding in Singapore: Insights from a systems thinking approach.

PubMed

Schoenenberger, Lukas K; Bayer, Steffen; Ansah, John P; Matchar, David B; Mohanavalli, Rajagopal L; Lam, Sean Sw; Ong, Marcus Eh

2016-01-01

Emergency Department crowding is a serious and international health care problem that seems to be resistant to most well intended but often reductionist policy approaches. In this study, we examine Emergency Department crowding in Singapore from a systems thinking perspective using causal loop diagramming to visualize the systemic structure underlying this complex phenomenon. Furthermore, we evaluate the relative impact of three different policies in reducing Emergency Department crowding in Singapore: introduction of geriatric emergency medicine, expansion of emergency medicine training, and implementation of enhanced primary care. The construction of the qualitative causal loop diagram is based on consultations with Emergency Department experts, direct observation, and a thorough literature review. For the purpose of policy analysis, a novel approach, the path analysis, is applied. The path analysis revealed that both the introduction of geriatric emergency medicine and the expansion of emergency medicine training may be associated with undesirable consequences contributing to Emergency Department crowding. In contrast, enhancing primary care was found to be germane in reducing Emergency Department crowding; in addition, it has apparently no negative side effects, considering the boundary of the model created. Causal loop diagramming was a powerful tool for eliciting the systemic structure of Emergency Department crowding in Singapore. Additionally, the developed model was valuable in testing different policy options.

Roadway data representation and application development : final report, December 2009.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-08-06

The Straight-line Diagrammer, a web-based application to produce Straight-line Diagrams (SLDs) automatically, was developed in this project to replace old application (AutoSLD) which has outdated structure and limited capabilities.

Ab initio-based approach to structural change of compound semiconductor surfaces during MBE growth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ito, Tomonori; Akiyama, Toru; Nakamura, Kohji

2009-01-01

Phase diagrams of GaAs and GaN surfaces are systematically investigated by using our ab initio-based approach in conjunction with molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The phase diagrams are obtained as a function of growth parameters such as temperature and beam equivalent pressure (BEP). The versatility of our approach is exemplified by the phase diagram calculations for GaAs(0 0 1) surfaces, where the stable phases and those phase boundaries are successfully determined as functions of temperature and As 2 and As 4 BEPs. The initial growth processes are clarified by the phase diagram calculations for GaAs(1 1 1)B-(2×2). The calculated results demonstrate that the As-trimer desorption on the GaAs(1 1 1)B-(2×2) with Ga adatoms occurs beyond 500-700 K while the desorption without Ga adatoms does beyond 800-1000 K. This self-surfactant effect induced by Ga adsorption crucially affects the initial growth of GaAs on the GaAs(1 1 1)B-(2×2). Furthermore, the phase diagram calculations for GaN(0 0 0 1) suggests that Ga adsorption or desorption during GaN MBE growth can easily change the pseudo-(1×1) to the (2×2)-Ga via newly found (1×1) and vice versa. On the basis of this finding, the possibility of ghost island formation during MBE growth is discussed.

Fisher information at the edge of chaos in random Boolean networks.

PubMed

Wang, X Rosalind; Lizier, Joseph T; Prokopenko, Mikhail

2011-01-01

We study the order-chaos phase transition in random Boolean networks (RBNs), which have been used as models of gene regulatory networks. In particular we seek to characterize the phase diagram in information-theoretic terms, focusing on the effect of the control parameters (activity level and connectivity). Fisher information, which measures how much system dynamics can reveal about the control parameters, offers a natural interpretation of the phase diagram in RBNs. We report that this measure is maximized near the order-chaos phase transitions in RBNs, since this is the region where the system is most sensitive to its parameters. Furthermore, we use this study of RBNs to clarify the relationship between Shannon and Fisher information measures.

Regenerative Environmental Control and Life Support System Diagram

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

This diagram shows the flow of recyclable resources in the International Space Station (ISS). The Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) Group of the Flight Projects Directorate at the Marshall Space Flight Center is responsible for the regenerative ECLSS hardware, as well as providing technical support for the rest of the system. The regenerative ECLSS, whose main components are the Water Recovery System (WRS), and the Oxygen Generation System (OGS), reclaims and recycles water and oxygen. The ECLSS maintains a pressurized habitation environment, provides water recovery and storage, maintains and provides fire detection / suppression, and provides breathable air and a comfortable atmosphere in which to live and work within the ISS. The ECLSS hardware will be located in the Node 3 module of the ISS.

The Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Sb{sub 2}O{sub 5} system phase diagram refinement, Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11} structure peculiarities and magnetic properties

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Egorysheva, A.V., E-mail: anna_egorysheva@rambler.ru; Ellert, O.G.; Gajtko, O.M.

2015-05-15

The refinement of the Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Sb{sub 2}O{sub 5} system phase diagram has been performed and the existence of the two ternary compounds has been confirmed. The first one with a pyrochlore-type structure (sp. gr. Fd 3-barm) exists in the wide solid solution region, (Bi{sub 2−x}Fe{sub x})Fe{sub 1+y}Sb{sub 1−y}O{sub 7±δ}, where x=0.1–0.4 and y=−0.13–0.11. The second one, Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11}, corresponds to the cubic KSbO{sub 3}-type structure (sp. gr. Pn 3-bar) with unit cell parameter a=9.51521(2) Å. The Rietveld structure refinement showed that this compound is characterized by disordered structure. The Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11} factor groupmore » analysis has been carried out and a Raman spectrum has been investigated. According to magnetization measurements performed at the temperature range 2–300 K it may be concluded that the Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11} magnetic properties can be substantially described as a superposition of strong short-range antiferromagnetic exchange interactions realizing inside the [(FeSb{sub 2})O{sub 9}] 3D-framework via different pathways. - Graphical abstract: The refinement of the Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Sb{sub 2}O{sub 5} system phase diagram has been performed and the existence of the solid solution with a pyrochlore-type structure (sp. gr. Fd 3-barm) and Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11}, correspond of the cubic KSbO{sub 3}-type structure (sp. gr. Pn 3-bar has been confirmed. The structure refinement, Raman spectroscopy as well as magnetic measurements data of Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11} are presented. - Highlights: • The Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Sb{sub 2}O{sub 5} system phase diagram refinement has been performed. • The Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11} existence along with pyrochlore structure compound is shown. • It was determined that the Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11} is of disordered cubic KSbO{sub 3}-type structure. • Factor group analysis of Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11} vibrational spectrum has been performed. • Short-range antiferromagnetic interactions govern Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11} magnetic behavior.« less

Phase diagrams of vortex matter with multi-scale inter-vortex interactions in layered superconductors.

PubMed

Meng, Qingyou; Varney, Christopher N; Fangohr, Hans; Babaev, Egor

2017-01-25

It was recently proposed to use the stray magnetic fields of superconducting vortex lattices to trap ultracold atoms for building quantum emulators. This calls for new methods for engineering and manipulating of the vortex states. One of the possible routes utilizes type-1.5 superconducting layered systems with multi-scale inter-vortex interactions. In order to explore the possible vortex states that can be engineered, we present two phase diagrams of phenomenological vortex matter models with multi-scale inter-vortex interactions featuring several attractive and repulsive length scales. The phase diagrams exhibit a plethora of phases, including conventional 2D lattice phases, five stripe phases, dimer, trimer, and tetramer phases, void phases, and stable low-temperature disordered phases. The transitions between these states can be controlled by the value of an applied external field.