40 CFR 799.1053 - Trichlorobenzenes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... systems that control for evaporation of the test substance, shall be conducted for 1,2,3- and 1,2,4... through systems, and systems that control for evaporation of the test substance shall be conducted for 1,2... systems that control evaporation of the test substance shall be conducted for 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene. A 96...

40 CFR 799.1053 - Trichlorobenzenes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... systems that control for evaporation of the test substance, shall be conducted for 1,2,3- and 1,2,4... through systems, and systems that control for evaporation of the test substance shall be conducted for 1,2... systems that control evaporation of the test substance shall be conducted for 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene. A 96...

40 CFR 792.47 - Facilities for handling test, control, and reference substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Facilities for handling test, control, and reference substances. 792.47 Section 792.47 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Facilities...

40 CFR 792.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... or concomitantly according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference...

40 CFR 792.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... or concomitantly according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference...

40 CFR 792.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... or concomitantly according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference...

40 CFR 792.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... or concomitantly according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference...

[The establishment and application of internal quality control system for real-time quantitative PCR detection of BCR-ABL (P210) transcript levels].

PubMed

Zhong, C Q; He, N; Hua, M Q; Wei, X D; Ma, D X; Ji, C Y

2016-09-14

Objective: To set internal quality control system of BCR-ABL (P210) transcript levels for real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR). Methods: Using K562 cells and HL-60 cells, we prepared high- and low-level BCR-ABL internal quality control substance. The BCR-ABL (P210) transcript levels of internal quality control substance have been determined for 184 times together with clinical samples from August 2013 to October 2015. The slope rate, intercept and correlation coefficient of standard curve were calculated according to different reagent lots (lots number 20130303, 20131212, 20140411 and 20150327 are called R1、R2、R3 and R4 for short respectively), and the detection results of quality control substance were calculated according to different reagent lots and quality control substance lots (lots number 20130725, 20140611 are called Q1、Q2 for short respectively). Then the results were analyzed by Levey-Jennings quality control chart combined with Westgard multi-rules theory. Results: ①We analyzed the slope rate and intercept of standard curve. Fifty-three times of the R1 reagent detection, 80 times of the R3 reagent detection and 14 times of the R4 reagent detection were all under control. For 37 times detection of R2 reagent, the slope rate was out of control for 6 times. It was lower than x - s for the 2-8 tests and upper the average for the 12-37 tests. The intercept was out of control for 9 times, upper the x + s for the 1-8 tests and lower the average for the 12-37 tests. ② According to the detection results of quality control substance, for Q1 quality control substance, 49 tests by R1 reagent were under control, and 1 out of 23 tests by R2 reagent was out of control. For Q2 quality control substance, 14 tests by R2 reagent detection, 72 tests by R3 reagent detection and 14 tests by R4 reagent were all under control. Conclusion: The preparation of high- and low-level quality control substance using K562 and HL-60 cells was convenient and the detection results were reliable and stable. The application of quality control substance combined with slope rate and intercept in the internal quality control may contribute to quality assurance for quantitative detection of BCR-ABL (P210) transcript levels.

76 FR 61566 - Significant New Use Rules on Certain Chemical Substances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-05

... foam control agents. Based on EcoSAR analysis of test data on analogous epoxides, EPA predicts toxicity... control; and an unscheduled DNA synthesis in mammalian cells in culture (OPPTS Test Guideline 870.5550) in...) under section 5(a)(2) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) for 36 chemical substances which were...

40 CFR 792.47 - Facilities for handling test, control, and reference substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Facilities for handling test, control... § 792.47 Facilities for handling test, control, and reference substances. (a) As necessary to prevent contamination or mixups, there shall be separate areas for: (1) Receipt and storage of the test, control, and...

40 CFR 792.47 - Facilities for handling test, control, and reference substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Facilities for handling test, control... § 792.47 Facilities for handling test, control, and reference substances. (a) As necessary to prevent contamination or mixups, there shall be separate areas for: (1) Receipt and storage of the test, control, and...

40 CFR 792.47 - Facilities for handling test, control, and reference substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Facilities for handling test, control... § 792.47 Facilities for handling test, control, and reference substances. (a) As necessary to prevent contamination or mixups, there shall be separate areas for: (1) Receipt and storage of the test, control, and...

40 CFR 792.47 - Facilities for handling test, control, and reference substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Facilities for handling test, control... § 792.47 Facilities for handling test, control, and reference substances. (a) As necessary to prevent contamination or mixups, there shall be separate areas for: (1) Receipt and storage of the test, control, and...

40 CFR 160.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... concomitantly according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.105 Test...

40 CFR 160.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... concomitantly according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.105 Test...

40 CFR 160.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... concomitantly according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.105 Test...

40 CFR 160.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... concomitantly according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.105 Test...

40 CFR 160.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... concomitantly according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.105 Test...

40 CFR 160.47 - Facilities for handling test, control, and reference substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the test systems and shall be adequate to preserve the identity, strength, purity, and stability of... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Facilities for handling test, control... for handling test, control, and reference substances. (a) As necessary to prevent contamination or...

40 CFR 160.47 - Facilities for handling test, control, and reference substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the test systems and shall be adequate to preserve the identity, strength, purity, and stability of... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Facilities for handling test, control... for handling test, control, and reference substances. (a) As necessary to prevent contamination or...

40 CFR 160.47 - Facilities for handling test, control, and reference substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the test systems and shall be adequate to preserve the identity, strength, purity, and stability of... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Facilities for handling test, control... for handling test, control, and reference substances. (a) As necessary to prevent contamination or...

40 CFR 160.47 - Facilities for handling test, control, and reference substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the test systems and shall be adequate to preserve the identity, strength, purity, and stability of... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Facilities for handling test, control... for handling test, control, and reference substances. (a) As necessary to prevent contamination or...

Self-Control, Native Traditionalism, and Native American Substance Use: Testing the Cultural Invariance of a General Theory of Crime

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morris, Gregory D.; Wood, Peter B.; Dunaway, R. Gregory

2006-01-01

Using a sample of White and Native American high school students, the authors provide a test of (a) self-control theory's invariance thesis and (b) native traditionalism as an explanation of Native American substance use. Self-control significantly influenced all forms of substance use when controlling for race and in race-specific analyses.…

40 CFR 160.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... under FIFRA sections 3, 4 or 24(c). (2) An application for an experimental use permit under FIFRA... distribution of a pesticide. Batch means a specific quantity or lot of a test, control, or reference substance... to a test system. Control substance means any chemical substance or mixture, or any other material...

40 CFR 160.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... under FIFRA sections 3, 4 or 24(c). (2) An application for an experimental use permit under FIFRA... distribution of a pesticide. Batch means a specific quantity or lot of a test, control, or reference substance... to a test system. Control substance means any chemical substance or mixture, or any other material...

40 CFR 160.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... under FIFRA sections 3, 4 or 24(c). (2) An application for an experimental use permit under FIFRA... distribution of a pesticide. Batch means a specific quantity or lot of a test, control, or reference substance... to a test system. Control substance means any chemical substance or mixture, or any other material...

40 CFR 160.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... under FIFRA sections 3, 4 or 24(c). (2) An application for an experimental use permit under FIFRA... distribution of a pesticide. Batch means a specific quantity or lot of a test, control, or reference substance... to a test system. Control substance means any chemical substance or mixture, or any other material...

40 CFR 160.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... under FIFRA sections 3, 4 or 24(c). (2) An application for an experimental use permit under FIFRA... distribution of a pesticide. Batch means a specific quantity or lot of a test, control, or reference substance... to a test system. Control substance means any chemical substance or mixture, or any other material...

40 CFR 797.1930 - Mysid shrimp acute toxicity test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... in a control group. (ii) Acclimation. (A) Any change in the temperature and chemistry of the dilution... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Aquatic Guidelines § 797.1930... test regulations under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (Pub. L. 94-469, 90 Stat. 2003, 15 U.S.C...

40 CFR 797.1930 - Mysid shrimp acute toxicity test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... in a control group. (ii) Acclimation. (A) Any change in the temperature and chemistry of the dilution... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Aquatic Guidelines § 797.1930... test regulations under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (Pub. L. 94-469, 90 Stat. 2003, 15 U.S.C...

40 CFR 797.1930 - Mysid shrimp acute toxicity test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... in a control group. (ii) Acclimation. (A) Any change in the temperature and chemistry of the dilution... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Aquatic Guidelines § 797.1930... test regulations under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (Pub. L. 94-469, 90 Stat. 2003, 15 U.S.C...

40 CFR 797.1930 - Mysid shrimp acute toxicity test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... in a control group. (ii) Acclimation. (A) Any change in the temperature and chemistry of the dilution... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Aquatic Guidelines § 797.1930... test regulations under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (Pub. L. 94-469, 90 Stat. 2003, 15 U.S.C...

78 FR 66700 - Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Testing; Receipt of Test Data

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-06

... Chemical Testing; Receipt of Test Data AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces EPA's receipt of test data on 21 chemicals. These data were submitted pursuant to 3 test rules issued by EPA under section 4 of the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA). The...

Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and Federal Facilities

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976 provides EPA with authority to require reporting, record-keeping and testing requirements, and restrictions relating to chemical substances and/or mixtures.

40 CFR 792.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each batch. (b... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances...

40 CFR 792.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each batch. (b... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances...

40 CFR 792.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each batch. (b... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances...

40 CFR 792.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each batch. (b... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances...

Biodegradation of biodiesel fuels

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, X.; Haws, R.; Wright, B.

1995-12-31

Biodiesel fuel test substances Rape Ethyl Ester (REE), Rape Methyl Ester (RME), Neat Rape Oil (NR), Say Methyl Ester (SME), Soy Ethyl Ester (SEE), Neat Soy Oil (NS), and proportionate combinations of RME/diesel and REE/diesel were studied to test the biodegradability of the test substances in an aerobic aquatic environment using the EPA 560/6-82-003 Shake Flask Test Method. A concurrent analysis of Phillips D-2 Reference Diesel was also performed for comparison with a conventional fuel. The highest rates of percent CO{sub 2} evolution were seen in the esterified fuels, although no significant difference was noted between them. Ranges of percentmore » CO{sub 2} evolution for esterified fuels were from 77% to 91%. The neat rape and neat soy oils exhibited 70% to 78% CO{sub 2} evolution. These rates were all significantly higher than those of the Phillips D-2 reference fuel which evolved from 7% to 26% of the organic carbon to CO{sub 2}. The test substances were examined for BOD{sub 5} and COD values as a relative measure of biodegradability. Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) was experimentally derived and BOD{sub 5} and COD analyses were carried out with a diluted concentration at or below the WAF. The results of analysis at WAF were then converted to pure substance values. The pure substance BOD{sub 5} and COD values for test substances were then compared to a control substance, Phillips D-2 Reference fuel. No significant difference was noted for COD values between test substances and the control fuel. (p > 0.20). The D-2 control substance was significantly lower than all test substances for BCD, values at p << 0.01. RME was also significantly lower than REE (p < 0.05) and MS (p < 0.01) for BOD{sub 5} value.« less

40 CFR 799.9537 - TSCA in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... demonstrates the sensitivity of the test system. Positive control concentrations should be chosen so that the... aberration test. 799.9537 Section 799.9537 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND...

40 CFR 799.9537 - TSCA in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... demonstrates the sensitivity of the test system. Positive control concentrations should be chosen so that the... aberration test. 799.9537 Section 799.9537 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND...

Development of Targeted Nonionic Surfactant Vesicles for Treatment of Vascular Injury

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

antibody and containing drug atorvastatin (test substance-low drug concentration) Test (high) 2. Surfactant vesicle coated with antibody and...containing atorvastatin (test substance-high drug concentration) Control (targeted no drug) 3. Surfactant vesicle coated with antibody and containing...buffered saline solution Control (non targeted with drug) 4. Surfactant vesicle without antibody containing atorvastatin Control (free drug

49 CFR 382.213 - Controlled substances use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING Prohibitions § 382.213 Controlled substances use. (a) No driver shall report for..., as defined in § 382.107, who has advised the driver that the substance will not adversely affect the...

49 CFR 382.213 - Controlled substances use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING Prohibitions § 382.213 Controlled substances use. (a) No driver shall report for..., as defined in § 382.107, who has advised the driver that the substance will not adversely affect the...

76 FR 5830 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-02

... quantities of the listed controlled substances as radiolabeled compounds for biochemical research. No... classes of controlled substances is consistent with the public interest at this time. DEA has investigated... public interest. The investigation has included inspection and testing of the company's physical security...

40 CFR 799.9346 - TSCA 90-day inhalation toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) should be used for each test group. (B) If interim sacrifices are planned, the number of animals shall be... substantially alter the chemical or toxicological properties of the test substance. (ii) One lot of the test... control group. Except for treatment with the test substance, animals in the control group shall be handled...

40 CFR 799.9346 - TSCA 90-day inhalation toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) should be used for each test group. (B) If interim sacrifices are planned, the number of animals shall be... substantially alter the chemical or toxicological properties of the test substance. (ii) One lot of the test... control group. Except for treatment with the test substance, animals in the control group shall be handled...

40 CFR 799.9346 - TSCA 90-day inhalation toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) should be used for each test group. (B) If interim sacrifices are planned, the number of animals shall be... substantially alter the chemical or toxicological properties of the test substance. (ii) One lot of the test... control group. Except for treatment with the test substance, animals in the control group shall be handled...

40 CFR 799.9346 - TSCA 90-day inhalation toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) should be used for each test group. (B) If interim sacrifices are planned, the number of animals shall be... substantially alter the chemical or toxicological properties of the test substance. (ii) One lot of the test... control group. Except for treatment with the test substance, animals in the control group shall be handled...

40 CFR 799.9346 - TSCA 90-day inhalation toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) should be used for each test group. (B) If interim sacrifices are planned, the number of animals shall be... substantially alter the chemical or toxicological properties of the test substance. (ii) One lot of the test... control group. Except for treatment with the test substance, animals in the control group shall be handled...

78 FR 37991 - Alcohol and Controlled Substances Testing

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-25

...-0012] RIN 2132-AB09 Alcohol and Controlled Substances Testing AGENCY: Federal Transit Administration (FTA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This final rule is issued to revise sections of the Alcohol... prior proposal because it merely incorporates recent statutory changes to FTA's drug and alcohol testing...

Toxic Substances Control Act Test Submissions 2.0 (TSCATS 2.0)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Toxic Substances Control Act Test Submissions 2.0 (TSCATS 2.0) tracks the submissions of health and safety data submitted to the EPA either as required or voluntarily under certain sections of TSCA.

78 FR 49547 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration; American Radiolabeled Chemicals, Inc.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-14

... manufacture small quantities of the listed controlled substances as radiolabeled compounds for biochemical... the listed basic classes of controlled substances is consistent with the public interest at this time... is consistent with the public interest. The investigation has included inspection and testing of the...

Toxic Substances; Mesityl Oxide; Final Test Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is issuing a final test rule establishing testing requirements under section 4(a) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) for manufacturers and processors of mesityl oxide (MO; CAS No. 141-97-7).

49 CFR 382.401 - Retention of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... and controlled substances use prevention programs as provided in this section. The records shall be... administration of the alcohol and controlled substances testing programs, and (vii) A copy of each annual...) Records related to evaluations: (i) Records pertaining to a determination by a substance abuse...

49 CFR 382.401 - Retention of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... and controlled substances use prevention programs as provided in this section. The records shall be... administration of the alcohol and controlled substances testing programs, and (vii) A copy of each annual...) Records related to evaluations: (i) Records pertaining to a determination by a substance abuse...

49 CFR 382.401 - Retention of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... and controlled substances use prevention programs as provided in this section. The records shall be... administration of the alcohol and controlled substances testing programs, and (vii) A copy of each annual... pertaining to a determination by a substance abuse professional concerning a driver's need for assistance...

49 CFR 382.401 - Retention of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... and controlled substances use prevention programs as provided in this section. The records shall be... administration of the alcohol and controlled substances testing programs, and (vii) A copy of each annual... pertaining to a determination by a substance abuse professional concerning a driver's need for assistance...

Acculturation, Social Self-Control, and Substance Use Among Hispanic Adolescents

PubMed Central

Pokhrel, Pallav; Herzog, Thaddeus A.; Sun, Ping; Rohrbach, Louise A.; Sussman, Steve

2014-01-01

It is unclear how acculturation is related to self-control characteristics and whether part of the effect of acculturation on Hispanic adolescents’ substance use behavior is mediated through lower self-control. We tested social self-control, peer substance use, and baseline substance use as mediators of the effect of Hispanic (predominantly Mexican or Mexican American) adolescents’ level of U.S. acculturation on their substance use behavior 1 year later. In addition, we tested gender as a possible moderator of the pathways involved in the mediation model. Participants included 1,040 self-identified Hispanic/Latino adolescents (M = 14.7; SD = 0.90; 89% Mexican/Mexican American) recruited from nine public high schools. Acculturation was measured in terms of adolescents’ extent of English language use in general, at home, with friends, and their use of the English-language entertainment media. Analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling and controlled for potential confounders such as age and parental education. Results indicated a statistically significant three-path mediation in which poor social self-control and peer substance use mediated the effects of acculturation on prospective substance use. Paths in the mediation model were not found to differ by gender. Our findings suggest that acculturation may influence adolescents’ self-control characteristics related to interpersonal functioning, which may in turn influence their affiliation with substance-using friends and substance use behavior. Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of future research and prevention programming. PMID:23772765

40 CFR 160.47 - Facilities for handling test, control, and reference substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Facilities for handling test, control, and reference substances. 160.47 Section 160.47 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Facilities § 160.47 Facilities...

49 CFR 382.411 - Employer notifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... the results of random, reasonable suspicion and post-accident tests for controlled substances... ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING Handling of Test Results, Records Retention, and Confidentiality § 382.411... substances test conducted under this part, if the driver requests such results within 60 calendar days of...

40 CFR 799.9537 - TSCA in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND... section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (15 U.S.C. 2601). (2) Background. The source material... designed to measure numerical aberrations and is not routinely used for that purpose. Chromosome mutations...

40 CFR 798.2450 - Inhalation toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... study. (2) Control groups. A concurrent control group is required. This group shall be an untreated or sham-treated control group. Except for treatment with the test substance, animals in the control group... generate an appropriate concentration of the substance in the atmosphere, a vehicle control group shall be...

40 CFR 798.2450 - Inhalation toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... study. (2) Control groups. A concurrent control group is required. This group shall be an untreated or sham-treated control group. Except for treatment with the test substance, animals in the control group... generate an appropriate concentration of the substance in the atmosphere, a vehicle control group shall be...

40 CFR 798.2450 - Inhalation toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... study. (2) Control groups. A concurrent control group is required. This group shall be an untreated or sham-treated control group. Except for treatment with the test substance, animals in the control group... generate an appropriate concentration of the substance in the atmosphere, a vehicle control group shall be...

40 CFR 798.2450 - Inhalation toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... study. (2) Control groups. A concurrent control group is required. This group shall be an untreated or sham-treated control group. Except for treatment with the test substance, animals in the control group... generate an appropriate concentration of the substance in the atmosphere, a vehicle control group shall be...

40 CFR 798.2450 - Inhalation toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... study. (2) Control groups. A concurrent control group is required. This group shall be an untreated or sham-treated control group. Except for treatment with the test substance, animals in the control group... generate an appropriate concentration of the substance in the atmosphere, a vehicle control group shall be...

40 CFR 766.38 - Reporting on precursor chemical substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Reporting on precursor chemical... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS/DIBENZOFURANS Specific Chemical Testing/Reporting Requirements § 766.38 Reporting on precursor chemical substances. (a) Identification of precursor chemical substances...

40 CFR 766.38 - Reporting on precursor chemical substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Reporting on precursor chemical... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS/DIBENZOFURANS Specific Chemical Testing/Reporting Requirements § 766.38 Reporting on precursor chemical substances. (a) Identification of precursor chemical substances...

40 CFR 766.38 - Reporting on precursor chemical substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Reporting on precursor chemical... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS/DIBENZOFURANS Specific Chemical Testing/Reporting Requirements § 766.38 Reporting on precursor chemical substances. (a) Identification of precursor chemical substances...

40 CFR 766.38 - Reporting on precursor chemical substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Reporting on precursor chemical... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS/DIBENZOFURANS Specific Chemical Testing/Reporting Requirements § 766.38 Reporting on precursor chemical substances. (a) Identification of precursor chemical substances...

40 CFR 766.38 - Reporting on precursor chemical substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Reporting on precursor chemical... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS/DIBENZOFURANS Specific Chemical Testing/Reporting Requirements § 766.38 Reporting on precursor chemical substances. (a) Identification of precursor chemical substances...

78 FR 33442 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration; Cerilliant Corporation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-04

... the listed controlled substances for distribution to their research and forensic customers conducting drug testing and analysis. No comments or objections have been received. DEA has considered the factors...

40 CFR 799.9135 - TSCA acute inhalation toxicity with histopathology.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... TESTING REQUIREMENTS Health Effects Test Guidelines § 799.9135 TSCA acute inhalation toxicity with... Substances Control Act (TSCA). In the assessment and evaluation of the potential human health effects of chemical substances, it is appropriate to test for acute inhalation toxic effects. The goals of this test...

40 CFR 799.9135 - TSCA acute inhalation toxicity with histopathology.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... TESTING REQUIREMENTS Health Effects Test Guidelines § 799.9135 TSCA acute inhalation toxicity with... Substances Control Act (TSCA). In the assessment and evaluation of the potential human health effects of chemical substances, it is appropriate to test for acute inhalation toxic effects. The goals of this test...

40 CFR 799.9135 - TSCA acute inhalation toxicity with histopathology.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... TESTING REQUIREMENTS Health Effects Test Guidelines § 799.9135 TSCA acute inhalation toxicity with... Substances Control Act (TSCA). In the assessment and evaluation of the potential human health effects of chemical substances, it is appropriate to test for acute inhalation toxic effects. The goals of this test...

Toxic Substances; Biphenyl; Test Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This rule promulgates EPA’s decision to require manufacturers and processors to test biphenyl (CAS No: 92—52—4) for environmental effects and chemical fate under section 4(a) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).

Acute aquatic toxicity of biodiesel fuels

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wright, B.; Haws, R.; Little, D.

1995-12-31

This study develops data on the acute aquatic toxicity of selected biodiesel fuels which may become subject to environmental effects test regulations under the US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). The test substances are Rape Methyl Ester (RME), Rape Ethyl Ester (REE), Methyl Soyate (MS), a biodiesel mixture of 20% REE and 80% Diesel, a biodiesel mixture of 50% REE and diesel, and a reference substance of Phillips D-2 Reference Diesel. The test procedure follows the Daphnid Acute Toxicity Test outlined in 40 CFR {section} 797.1300 of the TSCA regulations. Daphnia Magna are exposed to the test substance in amore » flow-through system consisting of a mixing chamber, a proportional diluter, and duplicate test chambers. Novel system modifications are described that accommodate the testing of oil-based test substances with Daphnia. The acute aquatic toxicity is estimated by an EC50, an effective concentration producing immobility in 50% of the test specimen.« less

78 FR 23959 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration; Cayman Chemical Company

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-23

... plans to manufacture the listed controlled substances for distribution to their research and forensic customers conducting drug testing and analysis. No comments or objections have been received. DEA has...

40 CFR 2.306 - Special rules governing certain information obtained under the Toxic Substances Control Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Definitions. For the purposes of this section: (1) Act means the Toxic Substances Control Act, 15 U.S.C. 2601... distribution (including for test marketing purposes and for use in research and development), any chemical... mixture; and toxicological, clinical, and ecological studies of a chemical substance or mixture; (B) Any...

Precursors of dangerous substances formed in the loss of control of chemical systems.

PubMed

Cozzani, V; Zanelli, S

1999-03-01

Article 2 of Directive 96/82/EC on the control of major accident hazards caused by dangerous substances requires to consider also the hazards due to the dangerous substances "which it is believed may be generated during loss of control of an industrial chemical process", although no generally accepted guidelines are available for the identification of these substances. In the present study, the accidents involving the unwanted formation of dangerous substances as a consequence of the loss of control of chemical systems were investigated. A specifically developed database was used, containing data on more than 400 of these accidents and on the substances involved. The hazardous substances formed in the accidents and the precursors of these substances were identified. The influence of accident characteristics on the substances formed was investigated. In the context of the application of Directive 96/82/EC, an accident severity index and a hazard rating of the precursors of dangerous substances formed in the accidents were proposed. A lumping approach was used in order to develop schemes for the preliminary identification of substances that may be formed in the loss of control of chemical system. The results of accident analysis were used to test the schemes developed.

40 CFR 799.5075 - Drinking water contaminants subject to testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... conclusion of the test, all animals, except the satellite group, are necropsied and histopathological... produce test groups with a range of toxic effects. The data should be sufficient to produce a dose...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE...

40 CFR 799.5075 - Drinking water contaminants subject to testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... conclusion of the test, all animals, except the satellite group, are necropsied and histopathological... produce test groups with a range of toxic effects. The data should be sufficient to produce a dose...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE...

40 CFR 799.5075 - Drinking water contaminants subject to testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... conclusion of the test, all animals, except the satellite group, are necropsied and histopathological... produce test groups with a range of toxic effects. The data should be sufficient to produce a dose...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE...

40 CFR 799.5075 - Drinking water contaminants subject to testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... conclusion of the test, all animals, except the satellite group, are necropsied and histopathological... produce test groups with a range of toxic effects. The data should be sufficient to produce a dose...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE...

The Direct and Indirect Effects of Parental Bonds, Parental Drug Use, and Self-Control on Adolescent Substance Use

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hope,Trina L.; Whiteford, Scott W.

2005-01-01

Research indicates that parenting has important effects on adolescent substance use. However, the indirect effect of parenting on adolescent substance use via self-control is less understood. Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime has been extensively tested by researchers in the field of criminology, but the theory rarely has been used…

Comparative study of the efficacy of chemically and biologically extracted humic substances from various materials on the development of Poinsettia.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Georgieva, Teodora; Metodieva, Tsvetelina; Again, Nadia; Angelova, Gergana; Popova, Todorka; Chakalov, Konstantin; Savov, Valentin

2017-04-01

There is a lot of research proving the positive influence of humic substances on the development of plants in combination with soil isolates such as Pseudomonas and Bacillus. Humic substances obtained by chemical extraction and biosolubilization of various sources of organic materials were tested for their effect on the growth of Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) cultivar „Mirat red". The test included the following variants: 1. Humic substances chemically extracted from "Humintech" leonardite (Ht); 2. Humic substances obtained from "Humintech" leonardite by biosolubilization with Pseudomonas putida (Pp) and Bacillus pasteurii (Bp) (Ht Bp Pp); 3. Humic substances chemically extracted from "Sachalin" leonardite; 4. Humic substances obtained from "Sachalin" leonardite by biosolubilization with Pseudomonas putida (Pp) and Bacillus pasteurii (Bp) (Sachalin Bp Pp); 5. Fulvic substances exracted after biosolubilization of "Staniantsy" lignite with Pseudomonas putida (Pp) and Bacillus pasteurii (Bp) (FB Plantagra); 6. Humic substances exracted after biosolubilization of "Staniantsy" lignite with Pseudomonas putida (Pp) and Bacillus pasteurii (Bp) (Lignohumate); 7. Biohumax - commercial product of "Project Studio" EOOD, Varna Bulgaria; 8.Vermicompost inoculated with Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus pasteurii (Strong BG); 9. Control - Nutrient solution (background of nutrition). The test results indicate that as a result of microbial activity active bacterial compounds are probably present in the composition of the extracted humates, thus affecting the formation of red leaves.The application of all tested substances results in red leaves area increase of treated plants compared to the control plants, except the humates chemically extracted from Humintech leonardite. The ration between humic and fulvic acids determines the effect on the treated plants. The biosolubilized preparations contain more fulvic acids. Plants treated with them form up to three times more anthocyanins compared to the control plants. The results from the experiment show that humic substances, being biologically active, are capable of regulating the growth of microorganisms. A combination of bacterial and humic compositions applied to poinsettia plants has a positive effect on their development. Obviously the biosolubilization of leonardite and other organic materials to humic substances is more promising than the chemical one

Behavioral and Emotional Regulation and Adolescent Substance Use Problems: A Test of Moderation Effects in a Dual-Process Model

PubMed Central

Wills, Thomas A.; Pokhrel, Pallav; Morehouse, Ellen; Fenster, Bonnie

2011-01-01

In a structural model, we tested how relations of predictors to level of adolescent substance use (tobacco, alcohol, marijuana), and to substance-related impaired-control and behavior problems, are moderated by good self-control and poor regulation in behavioral and emotional domains. The participants were a sample of 1,116 public high-school students. In a multiple-group analysis for good self-control, the paths from negative life events to substance use level and from level to behavior problems were lower among persons scoring higher on good behavioral self-control. In a multiple-group analysis for poor regulation, the paths from negative life events to level and from peer substance use to level were greater among persons scoring higher on poor behavioral (but not emotional) regulation; an inverse path from academic competence to level was greater among persons scoring higher on both aspects of poor regulation. Paths from level to impaired-control and behavior problems were greater among persons scoring higher on both poor behavioral and poor emotional regulation. Theoretical implications for the basis of moderation effects are discussed. PMID:21443302

Substance use and the paradox of good and bad attentional bias.

PubMed

Fadardi, Javad Salehi; Ziaee, Soleil; Shamloo, Zohreh Sepehri

2009-12-01

Habitual substance use is associated with attentional bias for stimuli related to the use. The current study tested whether individuals' substance use can be predicted from their attentional bias for concern-related and substance-related stimuli. Participants (N = 71; 54% male) were selected among university students and the community. The study was conducted in Iran, in which alcohol consumption is illegal. Participants completed a substance use questionnaire and classic, substance-, and concern-related Stroop tests. The results show that after controlling for demographic variables and classic Stroop interference, increases in substance-related but decreases in concern-related reaction times predicted the amount of substances that had been consumed by the participants. Individuals' attentional bias for both substance-related and substance-unrelated goals may be important in predicting substance use behavior. The implication of the findings for treatment prognosis has been discussed.

49 CFR 219.23 - Railroad policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., addresses, and telephone numbers of substance abuse professionals and counseling and treatment programs. (f... start of alcohol testing under the railroad's alcohol misuse prevention program and to each person...) The procedures that will be used to test for the presence of alcohol and controlled substances...

49 CFR 219.23 - Railroad policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., addresses, and telephone numbers of substance abuse professionals and counseling and treatment programs. (f... start of alcohol testing under the railroad's alcohol misuse prevention program and to each person...) The procedures that will be used to test for the presence of alcohol and controlled substances...

49 CFR 219.23 - Railroad policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., addresses, and telephone numbers of substance abuse professionals and counseling and treatment programs. (f... start of alcohol testing under the railroad's alcohol misuse prevention program and to each person...) The procedures that will be used to test for the presence of alcohol and controlled substances...

49 CFR 219.23 - Railroad policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., addresses, and telephone numbers of substance abuse professionals and counseling and treatment programs. (f... start of alcohol testing under the railroad's alcohol misuse prevention program and to each person...) The procedures that will be used to test for the presence of alcohol and controlled substances...

49 CFR 219.23 - Railroad policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., addresses, and telephone numbers of substance abuse professionals and counseling and treatment programs. (f... start of alcohol testing under the railroad's alcohol misuse prevention program and to each person...) The procedures that will be used to test for the presence of alcohol and controlled substances...

40 CFR 798.5200 - Mouse visible specific locus test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... control groups. (4) Control groups—(i) Concurrent controls. The use of positive or spontaneous controls is... control groups. (ii) Test chemical vehicle, doses used and rationale for dose selection, toxicity data... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798.5200 Mouse...

40 CFR 798.5200 - Mouse visible specific locus test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... control groups. (4) Control groups—(i) Concurrent controls. The use of positive or spontaneous controls is... control groups. (ii) Test chemical vehicle, doses used and rationale for dose selection, toxicity data... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798.5200 Mouse...

40 CFR 798.5200 - Mouse visible specific locus test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... control groups. (4) Control groups—(i) Concurrent controls. The use of positive or spontaneous controls is... control groups. (ii) Test chemical vehicle, doses used and rationale for dose selection, toxicity data... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798.5200 Mouse...

40 CFR 798.5200 - Mouse visible specific locus test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... control groups. (4) Control groups—(i) Concurrent controls. The use of positive or spontaneous controls is... control groups. (ii) Test chemical vehicle, doses used and rationale for dose selection, toxicity data... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798.5200 Mouse...

40 CFR 798.5200 - Mouse visible specific locus test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... control groups. (4) Control groups—(i) Concurrent controls. The use of positive or spontaneous controls is... control groups. (ii) Test chemical vehicle, doses used and rationale for dose selection, toxicity data... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798.5200 Mouse...

Does adherence monitoring reduce controlled substance abuse in chronic pain patients?

PubMed

Manchikanti, Laxmaiah; Manchukonda, Rajeev; Damron, Kim S; Brandon, Doris; McManus, Carla D; Cash, Kim

2006-01-01

Opioids are used extensively for chronic pain management in the United States. The frequency of opioid use prior to presenting to interventional pain management settings and in interventional pain management settings has been shown to be above 90%. Given that controlled substance abuse and illicit drug use are prevalent phenomena, adherence monitoring of patients that are prescribed opioids is becoming common. Adherence monitoring is carried out by an appropriate history, periodic evaluation of appropriate intake of drugs, random drug testing, and pill counts. Crucial to adherence monitoring is an initial controlled substance agreement and repeated review of the terms of this agreement with on-going education. However, the effect of adherence monitoring on drug abuse is unclear. To identify controlled substance abuse through implementation of the terms of a controlled substance agreement, including periodic review and monitoring outside the organization. Prospective evaluation with historical controls. Five hundred consecutive patients receiving prescription controlled substances were followed in a prospective manner. The evaluation consisted of a chart review to monitor controlled substance intake, with special attention to drugs obtained from outside the organization. Data collection for this purpose included information from records, pharmacies, referring physicians, and all the physicians involved in the treatment of the patient. Results from 500 consecutive patients were evaluated. Controlled substance abuse was seen in 9% of patients; overall, 5% of patients were obtaining controlled substances from other physicians, and 4% from illegal sources. Adherence monitoring, including controlled substance agreements and various periodic measures of compliance was associated with a 50% reduction in opioid abuse.

Time under control: time perspective and desire for control in substance use.

PubMed

Fieulaine, Nicolas; Martinez, Frederic

2010-08-01

To investigate the role of time perspective and desire for control in self-reported substance use and to test for a moderating effect of desire for control in the relation between time perspective and substance use. A random sample of 240 persons, aged 15 years and over, selected in various public spaces in an urban region in central France. Time perspective was measured using subscales of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI, Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999), Desire for control was measured using a translated version of the Desire for Control Scale (DCS, Burger & Cooper, 1979), and substance use was self-reported. After controlling for age and gender, significant links were found between time perspective and substance use. Desire for control did not appear to be directly related to substance use. The interaction effect between TP and desire for control appeared to be related to substance use. There was evidence that the relation between TP and substance use is buffered by low desire for control. This study converges with previous studies demonstrating the relation between TP and substance use, but provides evidence of the moderating role played by desire for control. Desire for control thus appears as worthy of interest in the analysis of self-regulatory process, and further research on the links between TP and various aspects of control is required. In order to be more effective, the design of future studies and interventions based on time-related issues should consider how desire for control plays a part in establishing vulnerability profiles. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 799.1700 - Fluoroalkenes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... fraction (S-9) of livers from rats pretreated with Aroclor 1254. (iv) Test method—Control groups. Positive... control and diluting gas. (v) Test method—Test chemicals. The test should be designed to have a... the negative control. Cytotoxicity shall be determined after treatment with the test substance both in...

40 CFR 799.1700 - Fluoroalkenes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... fraction (S-9) of livers from rats pretreated with Aroclor 1254. (iv) Test method—Control groups. Positive... control and diluting gas. (v) Test method—Test chemicals. The test should be designed to have a... the negative control. Cytotoxicity shall be determined after treatment with the test substance both in...

40 CFR 799.1700 - Fluoroalkenes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... fraction (S-9) of livers from rats pretreated with Aroclor 1254. (iv) Test method—Control groups. Positive... control and diluting gas. (v) Test method—Test chemicals. The test should be designed to have a... the negative control. Cytotoxicity shall be determined after treatment with the test substance both in...

40 CFR 799.1700 - Fluoroalkenes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... fraction (S-9) of livers from rats pretreated with Aroclor 1254. (iv) Test method—Control groups. Positive... control and diluting gas. (v) Test method—Test chemicals. The test should be designed to have a... the negative control. Cytotoxicity shall be determined after treatment with the test substance both in...

40 CFR 799.1700 - Fluoroalkenes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... fraction (S-9) of livers from rats pretreated with Aroclor 1254. (iv) Test method—Control groups. Positive... control and diluting gas. (v) Test method—Test chemicals. The test should be designed to have a... the negative control. Cytotoxicity shall be determined after treatment with the test substance both in...

Using Laboratory Chemicals to Imitate Illicit Drugs in a Forensic Chemistry Activity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hasan, Shawn; Bromfield-Lee, Deborah; Oliver-Hoyo, Maria T.; Cintron-Maldonado, Jose A.

2008-01-01

This forensic chemistry activity utilizes presumptive forensic testing procedures and laboratory chemicals that produce screening results similar to controlled substances. For obvious reasons, obtaining heavily regulated controlled substances to create an undergraduate student activity is not practical for most educational institutions. We were…

A randomized controlled trial of a brief intervention for illicit drugs linked to the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) in clients recruited from primary health-care settings in four countries.

PubMed

Humeniuk, Rachel; Ali, Robert; Babor, Thomas; Souza-Formigoni, Maria Lucia O; de Lacerda, Roseli Boerngen; Ling, Walter; McRee, Bonnie; Newcombe, David; Pal, Hemraj; Poznyak, Vladimir; Simon, Sara; Vendetti, Janice

2012-05-01

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a brief intervention (BI) for illicit drugs (cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine-type stimulants and opioids) linked to the World Health Organization (WHO) Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). The ASSIST screens for problem or risky use of 10 psychoactive substances, producing a score for each substance that falls into either a low-, moderate- or high-risk category. Prospective, randomized controlled trial in which participants were either assigned to a 3-month waiting-list control condition or received brief motivational counselling lasting an average of 13.8 minutes for the drug receiving the highest ASSIST score. Primary health-care settings in four countries: Australia, Brazil, India and the United States. A total of 731 males and females scoring within the moderate-risk range of the ASSIST for cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine-type stimulants or opioids. ASSIST-specific substance involvement scores for cannabis, stimulants or opioids and ASSIST total illicit substance involvement score at baseline and 3 months post-randomization. Omnibus analyses indicated that those receiving the BI had significantly reduced scores for all measures, compared with control participants. Country-specific analyses showed that, with the exception of the site in the United States, BI participants had significantly lower ASSIST total illicit substance involvement scores at follow-up compared with the control participants. The sites in India and Brazil demonstrated a very strong brief intervention effect for cannabis scores (P < 0.005 for both sites), as did the sites in Australia (P < 0.005) and Brazil (P < 0.01) for stimulant scores and the Indian site for opioid scores (P < 0.01). The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test-linked brief intervention aimed at reducing illicit substance use and related risks is effective, at least in the short term, and the effect generalizes across countries. © 2011 The Authors, Addiction © 2011 Society for the Study of Addiction.

40 CFR 795.232 - Inhalation and dermal pharmacokinetics of commercial hexane.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... experimental group shall contain at least four animals of each sex. After administration of the test substance... AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional... range should be comparable from group to group. The animals shall be purchased from a reputable dealer...

40 CFR 795.232 - Inhalation and dermal pharmacokinetics of commercial hexane.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... experimental group shall contain at least four animals of each sex. After administration of the test substance... AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional... range should be comparable from group to group. The animals shall be purchased from a reputable dealer...

40 CFR 795.232 - Inhalation and dermal pharmacokinetics of commercial hexane.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... experimental group shall contain at least four animals of each sex. After administration of the test substance... AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional... range should be comparable from group to group. The animals shall be purchased from a reputable dealer...

40 CFR 795.232 - Inhalation and dermal pharmacokinetics of commercial hexane.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... experimental group shall contain at least four animals of each sex. After administration of the test substance... AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional... range should be comparable from group to group. The animals shall be purchased from a reputable dealer...

40 CFR 795.232 - Inhalation and dermal pharmacokinetics of commercial hexane.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... experimental group shall contain at least four animals of each sex. After administration of the test substance... AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional... range should be comparable from group to group. The animals shall be purchased from a reputable dealer...

Parenting and children's externalizing problems in substance-abusing families.

PubMed

Stanger, Catherine; Dumenci, Levent; Kamon, Jody; Burstein, Marcy

2004-09-01

This study tested associations in path models among positive and negative parenting and children's rule-breaking behavior, aggressive and oppositional behavior, and attention problems for families with a drug-dependent parent. A structural model tested relations between parenting and children's externalizing problems for 251 families with 399 children between the ages of 6 and 18, controlling for nonindependence of ratings at the family level. The model also tested potential moderators, including child age, gender, and ethnicity (White vs. other), and caregiver gender (families with a female substance-abusing caregiver vs. families with a male substance-abusing caregiver). Results indicated that caregiver ratings of monitoring predicted rule-breaking behavior and use of inconsistent discipline predicted ratings of all 3 externalizing syndromes, after controlling parenting and externalizing problems for the effects of the moderators and after controlling significant relations among types of parenting and types of externalizing problems.

40 CFR 799.9120 - TSCA acute dermal toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... identification number. A system to randomly assign animals to test groups and control groups is required. (E... source of test animals. (2) Method of randomization in assigning animals to test and control groups. (3... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS...

40 CFR 799.9120 - TSCA acute dermal toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... identification number. A system to randomly assign animals to test groups and control groups is required. (E... source of test animals. (2) Method of randomization in assigning animals to test and control groups. (3... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS...

40 CFR 799.9120 - TSCA acute dermal toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... identification number. A system to randomly assign animals to test groups and control groups is required. (E... source of test animals. (2) Method of randomization in assigning animals to test and control groups. (3... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS...

40 CFR 799.9120 - TSCA acute dermal toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... identification number. A system to randomly assign animals to test groups and control groups is required. (E... source of test animals. (2) Method of randomization in assigning animals to test and control groups. (3... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS...

40 CFR 799.9120 - TSCA acute dermal toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... identification number. A system to randomly assign animals to test groups and control groups is required. (E... source of test animals. (2) Method of randomization in assigning animals to test and control groups. (3... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS...

78 FR 32459 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration; Mallinckrodt, LLC.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-30

... plans to manufacture the listed controlled substances for internal use and for sale to other companies... ensure that the company's registration is consistent with the public interest. The investigation has included inspection and testing of the company's physical security systems, verification of the company's...

40 CFR 792.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Mixtures of substances with carriers... facility or the sponsor before the experimental start date. (3) To determine the stability of the test, control or reference substance in the mixture before the experimental start date or concomitantly...

A comparative study of self-regulation in substance dependent and non-dependent individuals.

PubMed

Bakhshani, Nour Mohammad; Hosseinbor, Mohsen

2013-08-05

Several factors influence the beginning and maintenance of substance use. The purpose of this study was to examine as well as to compare 'self-regulation' in both substance dependent and non-substance dependent individuals. In a cross-sectional study 228 (118 substance dependent and 110 with no history of using substance) participants aged 16-55 were recruited. All of the participants were asked to complete the Self-Regulation Inventory (SRI-25) and a demographic characteristics data checklist. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and the t-test. The results showed significant differences between substance dependent and non- substance dependent groups in all the scales of the self-regulation inventory including positive actions, controllability, expression of feelings and needs, assertiveness, and well-being seeking (p<0.01). Self-regulation and self-control skills in drug dependent individuals are lower than those without substance dependence individuals. It is concluded that substance use may related to a deficiency in self-control and regulation of feelings. Therefore, for prevention and treatment of substance dependence disorder, it is necessary to work out and exploit strategies that include the improvement of self-regulation.

Annual banned-substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing.

PubMed

Thevis, Mario; Kuuranne, Tiia; Geyer, Hans; Schänzer, Wilhelm

2010-04-01

The annual update of the list of prohibited substances and doping methods as issued by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) allows the implementation of most recent considerations of performance manipulation and emerging therapeutics into human sports doping control programmes. The annual banned-substance review for human doping controls critically summarizes recent innovations in analytical approaches that support the efforts of convicting cheating athletes by improved or newly established methods that focus on known as well as newly outlawed substances and doping methods. In the current review, literature published between October 2008 and September 2009 reporting on new and/or enhanced procedures and techniques for doping analysis, as well as aspects relevant to the doping control arena, was considered to complement the 2009 annual banned-substance review.

40 CFR 160.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each batch. (b) Where any of the...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.113...

40 CFR 160.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each batch. (b) Where any of the...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.113...

40 CFR 160.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each batch. (b) Where any of the...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.113...

40 CFR 160.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each batch. (b) Where any of the...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.113...

40 CFR 160.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each batch. (b) Where any of the...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.113...

Examination of Substance Use, Risk Factors, and Protective Factors on Student Academic Test Score Performance.

PubMed

Arthur, Michael W; Brown, Eric C; Briney, John S; Hawkins, J David; Abbott, Robert D; Catalano, Richard F; Becker, Linda; Langer, Michael; Mueller, Martin T

2015-08-01

School administrators and teachers face difficult decisions about how best to use school resources to meet academic achievement goals. Many are hesitant to adopt prevention curricula that are not focused directly on academic achievement. Yet, some have hypothesized that prevention curricula can remove barriers to learning and, thus, promote achievement. We examined relationships among school levels of student substance use and risk and protective factors that predict adolescent problem behaviors and achievement test performance. Hierarchical generalized linear models were used to predict associations involving school-averaged levels of substance use and risk and protective factors and students' likelihood of meeting achievement test standards on the Washington Assessment of Student Learning, statistically controlling for demographic and economic factors known to be associated with achievement. Levels of substance use and risk/protective factors predicted the academic test score performance of students. Many of these effects remained significant even after controlling for model covariates. Implementing prevention programs that target empirically identified risk and protective factors has the potential to have a favorable effect on students' academic achievement. © 2015, American School Health Association.

Good Self-Control as a Buffering Agent for Adolescent Substance Use

PubMed Central

Wills, Thomas A.; Ainette, Michael G.

2008-01-01

We tested the prediction that self-control will have buffering effects for adolescent substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana) with regard to three risk factors: family life events, adolescent life events, and peer substance use. Participants were a sample of public school students (N = 1,767) who were surveyed at four yearly intervals between 6th grade and 9th grade. Good self-control was assessed with multiple indicators including planning and problem solving. Results showed that the impact of all three risk factors on substance use was reduced among persons with higher scores on good self-control. Buffering was found in cross-sectional analyses with multiple regression and in longitudinal analyses in a latent growth model with time-varying covariates. Implications for addressing self-control in prevention programs are discussed. PMID:19071971

Assessing the suitability of a manometric test system for determining the biodegradability of volatile hydrocarbons.

PubMed

Brown, David M; Hughes, Christopher B; Spence, Michael; Bonte, Matthijs; Whale, Graham

2018-03-01

Manometric test systems, adapted from those used to measure biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and the OxiTop ® test system in particular, are being increasingly used to determine the biodegradability of chemicals in accordance to OECD 301F guidelines. In this study, the suitability of the OxiTop ® test system for determining the biodegradability of volatile hydrophobic substances has been explored. Experiments in biotic and abiotic systems were conducted with readily biodegradable complex aliphatic hydrocarbons covering a range of volatilities. Results indicated that abiotic losses of test substances were occurring due to sorption of the test substance to plastic components used in the OxiTop ® system. A further 'plastic-free' biodegradation test system was designed using PreSens optical dissolved oxygen (DO) sensors. This significantly improved the measured biodegradation due to reduced abiotic losses and better retention of the test substance. These results highlight the importance of considering the physico-chemical properties of test substances when selecting test methods and equipment. They also highlight the value of incorporating chemical analysis and abiotic controls to improve the interpretation of biodegradation studies. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

40 CFR 799.9110 - TSCA acute oral toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... number. A system to assign animals to test groups and control groups randomly is required. (E) Housing... randomization in assigning animals to test and control groups. (3) Rationale for selection of species, if other... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS...

40 CFR 799.9110 - TSCA acute oral toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... number. A system to assign animals to test groups and control groups randomly is required. (E) Housing... randomization in assigning animals to test and control groups. (3) Rationale for selection of species, if other... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS...

40 CFR 799.9110 - TSCA acute oral toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... number. A system to assign animals to test groups and control groups randomly is required. (E) Housing... randomization in assigning animals to test and control groups. (3) Rationale for selection of species, if other... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS...

40 CFR 799.9110 - TSCA acute oral toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... number. A system to assign animals to test groups and control groups randomly is required. (E) Housing... randomization in assigning animals to test and control groups. (3) Rationale for selection of species, if other... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS...

40 CFR 799.9110 - TSCA acute oral toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... number. A system to assign animals to test groups and control groups randomly is required. (E) Housing... randomization in assigning animals to test and control groups. (3) Rationale for selection of species, if other... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS...

The Prevalence of Substance use and Associated Risk Factors Among University Students in the City of Jahrom, Southern Iran

PubMed Central

Heydari, Seyed Taghi; Izedi, Somayeh; Sarikhani, Yaser; Kalani, Navid; Akbary, Ali; Miri, Abolfazl; Mahmoodi, Mojtaba; Akbari, Maryam

2015-01-01

Background: Substance use among college students in Iran is a serious problem. Determining the pattern of substance use among University students is an important issue for implementing prevention and treatment programs. Objectives: The present survey attempts to determine the prevalence of substance usage and associated risk factors among the students of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences and Islamic Azad University of Jahrom, Jahrom, Iran. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from December 2012 to February 2013 and included 1149 randomly selected students of two Jahrom universities. A standard questionnaire was used for data gathering. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 15 for Windows. T-test and Chi-square T-test and Chi-square and Logestic regression tests were used for data analysis. Results: Tobacco (28.3%), alcohol (13.0%), and cannabis and marijuana (5.2%) were the most common substances used by the students. The prevalence of substance use among the male students was significantly higher (OR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.42 - 2.68, P < 0.001). The risk of at least single episode of substance usage was higher among the students which were living alone (OR: 3.03, 95%CI: 1.74 - 5.28, P < 0.001) The most important motivators for beginning substance use were curiosity, in 46.4%, and seeking pleasure, in 28.8%. Conclusions: Substance usage is considered as a risk factor for students’ health among University students in Iran. Design of educational courses addressing the detrimental effects and dire consequences of substance usage could help to improve control programs. Universities could improve their drug abuse control programs by focusing on the high risk groups determined by relevant studies. PMID:26097836

78 FR 69130 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application; Cerilliant Corporation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-18

... substances for manufacture and distribution to their research and forensic customers conducting drug testing and analysis. Any bulk manufacturer who is presently, or is applying to be, registered with DEA to...

A protocol to evaluate drug-related workplace impairment.

PubMed

Reisfield, Gary M; Shults, Theodore; Demery, Jason; Dupont, Robert

2013-03-01

The dramatic increase in the use and abuse of prescription controlled substances, cannabis, and a rapidly evolving array of legal and illegal psychotropic drugs has led to a growing concern by employers about workplace impairment, incidents, and accidents. The Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs, which serve as a template for most private sector programs, focus on a small group of illicit drugs, but disregard the wider spectrum of legal and illegal psychotropic drugs and prescription controlled substances. We propose a protocol for the evaluation of workplace impairment, based on comprehensive drug and alcohol testing at the time of suspected impairment, followed expeditiously by a comprehensive physician evaluation, including a focused medical history with an emphasis on controlled substance use, physical and mental status examinations, evaluation of employee adherence to prescription medication instructions, additional drug testing if indicated, use of collateral sources of information, and querying of state prescription monitoring databases. Finally, we propose suggestions for optimizing the evaluation of drug-related workplace impairment.

Good self-control as a buffering agent for adolescent substance use: an investigation in early adolescence with time-varying covariates.

PubMed

Wills, Thomas A; Ainette, Michael G; Stoolmiller, Mike; Gibbons, Frederick X; Shinar, Ori

2008-12-01

This study tested the prediction that self-control would have buffering effects for adolescent substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana) with regard to 3 risk factors: family life events, adolescent life events, and peer substance use. Participants were a sample of public school students (N = 1,767) who were surveyed at 4 yearly intervals between 6th grade and 9th grade. Good self-control was assessed with multiple indicators (e.g., planning and problem solving). Results showed that the impact of all 3 risk factors on substance use was reduced among persons with higher scores on good self-control. Buffering was found in cross-sectional analyses with multiple regression and in longitudinal analyses in a latent growth model with time-varying covariates. Implications for addressing self-control in prevention programs are discussed. 2008 APA, all rights reserved

Effects of potentised substances on growth rate of the water plant Lemna gibba L.

PubMed

Scherr, Claudia; Simon, Meinhard; Spranger, Jörg; Baumgartner, Stephan

2009-04-01

This study investigated, whether the growth rate of Lemna gibba L. (duckweed) can be influenced by the application of homeopathic potencies of gibberellic acid, kinetin, argentum nitricum, and lemna minor. Duckweed was grown in either potencies (14x-30x, decimal steps) or water controls (unsuccussed and succussed) over seven days. Frond (leaf-like structure) growth was measured using a non-destructive image analysis system. Growth rates were calculated for three time intervals (0-7, 0-3, 3-7 days). Five to six independent, randomized and blinded experiments were analysed for each of the four tested substances. Water control experiments were performed repeatedly to test the reliability of the experimental set-up (systematic negative controls). The systematic negative control experiments did not yield any significant effects. Hence, false positive results could be excluded. The test system had a low coefficient of variation (1.5%). Out of the four tested substances gibberellic acid had the most pronounced effect (p=0.0002, F-test) on the main outcome parameter frond growth rate (r(area) day 0-7). Potency levels 15x, 17x, 18x, 23x and 24x reduced growth rate of Lemna gibba (p<0.05 against the pooled water control, LSD test). Lemna gibba may be considered as a suitable test organism for further studies on the efficacy of homeopathic potencies. Evidence accumulates, that adjacent potency levels may strongly differ in their biological activity. Potential consequences for therapeutical application might be worth investigating.

Attentional bias and executive control in treatment-seeking substance-dependent adolescents: A cross-sectional and follow-up study.

PubMed

van Hemel-Ruiter, Madelon E; Wiers, Reinout W; Brook, Frank G; de Jong, Peter J

2016-02-01

Research in adults shows that substance dependent individuals demonstrate attentional bias (AB) for substance-related stimuli. This study investigated the role of AB in adolescents diagnosed with alcohol, cannabis, amphetamine or GHB dependency on entering therapy and six months later, and the role of executive control (EC) as a moderator of the relationship between problem severity and AB. Seventy-eight young substance-dependent (SD) patients (mean age=19.5), and 64 healthy controls (HC; mean age=19.0) were tested. Thirty-eight SD patients took part at 6-month follow-up (FU). AB was indexed by a visual probe task, EC by the attention network task, problem severity by the short alcohol (or drug) use disorder identification test and the severity of dependence questionnaire. SD patients demonstrated an AB for substance stimuli presented for 500 ms and 1250 ms, with the latter related to severity of dependence. There was a nonsignificant tendency indicating that EC was higher in HC than SD participants, but EC did not moderate the relationship between AB and dependency. Substance use, dependency, EC and AB remained unchanged in the 6 month FU period. Young SD patients showed a stronger relatively early as well as maintained AB toward substance cues. A stronger maintained attention was related to higher severity of dependence. Further, there were some indications that EC might play a role in adolescent substance use. The finding that at FU AB and problem severity were not decreased, and EC was not increased underlines the persistent character of addiction. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

49 CFR 382.411 - Employer notifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... the results of random, reasonable suspicion and post-accident tests for controlled substances... ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING Handling of Test Results, Records Retention, and Confidentiality § 382.411 Employer notifications. (a) An employer shall notify a driver of the results of a pre-employment controlled...

49 CFR 382.411 - Employer notifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the results of random, reasonable suspicion and post-accident tests for controlled substances... ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING Handling of Test Results, Records Retention, and Confidentiality § 382.411 Employer notifications. (a) An employer shall notify a driver of the results of a pre-employment controlled...

49 CFR 382.411 - Employer notifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... the results of random, reasonable suspicion and post-accident tests for controlled substances... ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING Handling of Test Results, Records Retention, and Confidentiality § 382.411 Employer notifications. (a) An employer shall notify a driver of the results of a pre-employment controlled...

49 CFR 382.411 - Employer notifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... the results of random, reasonable suspicion and post-accident tests for controlled substances... ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING Handling of Test Results, Records Retention, and Confidentiality § 382.411 Employer notifications. (a) An employer shall notify a driver of the results of a pre-employment controlled...

Testing of some assumptions about biodegradability in soil as measured by carbon dioxide evolution

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

El-Din Sharabi, N.; Bartha, R.

1993-04-01

The Toxic Substance Control Act calls for a premanufacturing review of novel chemical substances including their biodegradability. Carbon dioxide evolution, using non-labeled carbon or [sup 14]C, is a common method of testing. This study examines assumptions of carbon dioxide evolution testing. Test substances used included: glucose, adipic acid, benzoic acid, and n-hexadecane. Chemical composition other than carbon content appears to influence minimally the percentages conversion to CO[sub 2]. However, that although CO[sub 2] evolution seemed proportional to the carbon content and concentration of the test substance, at least one-half of the evolved net CO[sub 2] did not come directly frommore » the test substance. Conversion to CO[sub 2] in the soil appeared to depend on carbon content only. In experiments of 1 month or longer, the net CO[sub 2] evolution in response to substrate may be above 100% of the added substrate carbon. Whether this applies to all substrate additions remains to be studied. The authors conclude that net CO[sub 2] and [sup 14]CO[sub 2] evolution measurements are useful as a first-tier tests for assessing biodegradability in soil. 11 refs., 6 figs.« less

77 FR 21065 - Certain High Production Volume Chemicals; Test Rule and Significant New Use Rule; Fourth Group of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-09

... Substances Control Act (TSCA). The test rule would require manufacturers and processors to develop screening... in 40 CFR 799.5090(j) or 40 CFR 721.10228(a) of the proposed rule's regulatory text published in the... petroleum refineries. Processors of one or more of the subject chemical substances (NAICS codes 325 and...

Examination of Substance Use, Risk Factors, and Protective Factors on Student Academic Test Score Performance

PubMed Central

Arthur, Michael W.; Brown, Eric C.; Briney, John S.; Hawkins, J. David; Abbott, Robert D.; Catalano, Richard F.; Becker, Linda; Langer, Michael; Mueller, Martin T.

2016-01-01

BACKGROUND School administrators and teachers face difficult decisions about how best to use school resources in order to meet academic achievement goals. Many are hesitant to adopt prevention curricula that are not focused directly on academic achievement. Yet, some have hypothesized that prevention curricula can remove barriers to learning and, thus, promote achievement. This study examined relationships between school levels of student substance use and risk and protective factors that predict adolescent problem behaviors and achievement test performance in Washington State. METHODS Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models were used to examine predictive associations between school-averaged levels of substance use and risk and protective factors and Washington State students’ likelihood of meeting achievement test standards on the Washington Assessment of Student Learning, statistically controlling for demographic and economic factors known to be associated with achievement. RESULTS Results indicate that levels of substance use and risk/protective factors predicted the academic test score performance of students. Many of these effects remained significant even after controlling for model covariates. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that implementing prevention programs that target empirically identified risk and protective factors have the potential to positively affect students’ academic achievement. PMID:26149305

78 FR 14217 - Control of Alcohol and Drug Use: Addition of Post-Accident Toxicological Testing for Non...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-05

... (post-accident testing) program to test railroad employees who had been involved in serious train... clear that FRA intends to keep the post-accident test results for these non-controlled substances... post-accident tests for alcohol and for certain drugs classified by the Drug Enforcement Administration...

The identification and classification of skin irritation hazard by a human patch test.

PubMed

Basketter, D A; Whittle, E; Griffiths, H A; York, M

1994-08-01

There exist various regulatory instruments the purpose of which is to ensure that the intrinsic toxic hazards associated with substances and preparations are identified. In the context of identification of skin irritation potential, the method is normally the Draize test. Guidance notes provided by the OECD and the EEC expect that corrosive substances will have been screened out by a variety of methods. Substances or preparations which cause a sufficient degree of skin irritation will be classified as skin irritants. The primary motivation behind the present work was to introduce the concept that it is possible to assess the hazard potential of a substance or preparation to produce skin irritation in a human study. In the example presented here, 20% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) has been chosen as the positive control. With the protocol currently devised, occluded patch treatment with 20% SLS for up to 4 hr produces an irritant response in just over half of the panel. An irritant response is taken as a clinically evident and significant increase in erythema, oedema or dryness--a minimum of a+ reaction on the ICDRG scale. At such a level of response with the positive control (both in terms of intensity and in proportion of the panel), it is then possible to judge and/or to determine statistically, whether the test material has produced a level of skin irritation which is similar to, greater, or lower than the positive control. In this way a human patch test protocol can form a fundamental component of a strategy for the replacement of animals in determination of skin irritation and corrosion potential. By use of a careful and progressive protocol and by comparison of test data against a positive control it is both possible and practical to classify substances and preparations in terms of their skin irritation potential using that endpoint in the species of concern, man.

EXPLAINING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GENDER AND SUBSTANCE USE AMONG AMERICAN INDIAN ADOLESCENTS: AN APPLICATION OF POWER-CONTROL THEORY

PubMed Central

Eitle, Tamela McNulty; Eitle, David

2016-01-01

This study evaluates the utility of Hagan’s power-control theory for explaining substance use behaviors for a sample of American Indian adolescent males and females. Consistent with the theory, we found that patriarchal family form and the affective bond between father and daughter were significant predictors of female substance use behaviors. Compared to results from an analysis of non-Hispanic whites, these results reveal the importance of testing generalist explanations of deviant behavior across racial and ethnic groups. Our findings encourage a more in depth consideration of the gendered nature of work, it’s association with socialization and control in American Indian families, and it’s impact on gender differences in substance use and delinquent behaviors. PMID:27313337

[Immunomodulation by herbal agents. A double-blind study in a medical university hospital involving a hepatitis B vaccine adjuvant model].

PubMed

Bostelmann, H C; Bödeker, R H; Dames, W; Henneicke-von Zepelin, H H; Siegers, C P; Stammwitz, U

2002-12-05

Using the hepatitis B vaccination as a model, to investigate the extent to which the herbal immunomodulator, Esberitox N, supports seroconversion. 346 medical students participated in the placebo-controlled, randomized double-blind study. They took 3 x 2 tablets of the test substances daily, beginning 3 days prior to the injection and ending two weeks after it. The target outcomes were seroconversion and the level of the anti-HBs titer. The data of 157 volunteers treated with the test substance, and 161 treated with placebo were analysed. After the first injection, the seroconversion rate was 22% in both test substance and placebo groups, and showed no advantage for the volunteers receiving the test substance. After the second injection, 89% of all members of each group revealed seroconversion. After the first injection, anti-HBs titers were appreciably higher in the test substance group (n = 34) than in the placebo group (n = 36; PWilcoxon = 0.003). The respective median values were 37.0 IU/L (95% CI: 18-68) and 15.5 IU/L (95% CI: 8-30). The immunomodulator tested has negligible influence on seroconversion, but does enhance the immune response of subjects experiencing seroconversion.

40 CFR 797.1600 - Fish early life stage toxicity test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... dilution water or the test solution. (4) “Control” an exposure of test organisms to dilution water only or... (treatment) concentrations of a test substance and one control are required to conduct an early life stage... trays or cups for each test concentration and control (i.e., 30 per embryo cup with 2 replicates); (C...

40 CFR 797.1600 - Fish early life stage toxicity test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... dilution water or the test solution. (4) “Control” an exposure of test organisms to dilution water only or... (treatment) concentrations of a test substance and one control are required to conduct an early life stage... trays or cups for each test concentration and control (i.e., 30 per embryo cup with 2 replicates); (C...

40 CFR 797.1600 - Fish early life stage toxicity test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... dilution water or the test solution. (4) “Control” an exposure of test organisms to dilution water only or... (treatment) concentrations of a test substance and one control are required to conduct an early life stage... trays or cups for each test concentration and control (i.e., 30 per embryo cup with 2 replicates); (C...

Two-Year Outcomes of a Randomized, Family-Based Substance Use Prevention Trial for Asian American Adolescent Girls

PubMed Central

Fang, Lin; Schinke, Steven P.

2014-01-01

Asian Americans have been largely ignored in the prevention outcome literature. In this study, we tested a parent-child program with a sample of Asian American adolescent girls and their mothers, and evaluated the program’s efficacy on decreasing girls’ substance use, and modifying risk and protective factors at individual, family, and peer levels. One hundred and eight Asian American mother-daughter dyads recruited through online advertisements and from community service agencies were randomly assigned to an intervention arm (n = 56) or to a test-only control arm (n = 52). The intervention consisted of a nine-session substance abuse prevention program, delivered entirely online. Guided by family interaction theory, the prevention program aimed to strengthen the quality of girls’ relationships with their mothers while increasing girls’ resilience to resist substance use. Intent-to-treat analyses showed that at 2-year follow-up, intervention-arm dyads had significantly higher levels of mother-daughter closeness, mother-daughter communication, maternal monitoring, and family rules against substance use compared to the control-arm dyads. Intervention-arm girls also showed sustained improvement in self-efficacy and refusal skills, and had lower intentions to use substances in the future. Most important, intervention-arm girls reported fewer instances of alcohol and marijuana use, and prescription drug misuse relative to the control-arm girls. The study suggests that a culturally generic, family-based prevention program was efficacious in enhancing parent-child relationships, improving girls’ resiliency, and preventing substance use behaviors among Asian American girls. PMID:23276322

Two-year outcomes of a randomized, family-based substance use prevention trial for Asian American adolescent girls.

PubMed

Fang, Lin; Schinke, Steven P

2013-09-01

Asian Americans have been largely ignored in the prevention outcome literature. In this study, we tested a parent-child program with a sample of Asian American adolescent girls and their mothers, and evaluated the program's efficacy on decreasing girls' substance use and modifying risk and protective factors at individual, family, and peer levels. A total of 108 Asian American mother-daughter dyads recruited through online advertisements and from community service agencies were randomly assigned to an intervention arm (n = 56) or to a test-only control arm (n = 52). The intervention consisted of a nine-session substance abuse prevention program, delivered entirely online. Guided by family interaction theory, the prevention program aimed to strengthen the quality of girls' relationships with their mothers while increasing girls' resilience to resist substance use. Intent-to-treat analyses showed that at 2-year follow-up, intervention-arm dyads had significantly higher levels of mother-daughter closeness, mother-daughter communication, maternal monitoring, and family rules against substance use compared with the control-arm dyads. Intervention-arm girls also showed sustained improvement in self-efficacy and refusal skills and had lower intentions to use substances in the future. Most important, intervention-arm girls reported fewer instances of alcohol and marijuana use and prescription drug misuse relative to the control-arm girls. The study suggests that a culturally generic, family-based prevention program was efficacious in enhancing parent-child relationships, improving girls' resiliency, and preventing substance use behaviors among Asian American girls. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved.

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 385 - Explanation of Safety Rating Process

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...-employment controlled substance test result (critical). § 382.303(a)Failing to conduct post accident testing... controls in place that function effectively to ensure acceptable compliance with the applicable safety... are those identified as such where noncompliance relates to management and/or operational controls...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 385 - Explanation of Safety Rating Process

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...-employment controlled substance test result (critical). § 382.303(a)Failing to conduct post accident testing... controls in place that function effectively to ensure acceptable compliance with the applicable safety... are those identified as such where noncompliance relates to management and/or operational controls...

40 CFR 795.120 - Gammarid acute toxicity test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... culture container. The control group shall be exposed to the same dilution water, conditions and... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional Environmental Effects Guidelines § 795.120... under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (Pub. L. 94-469, 90 Stat. 2003 (15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq...

40 CFR 795.120 - Gammarid acute toxicity test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... culture container. The control group shall be exposed to the same dilution water, conditions and... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional Environmental Effects Guidelines § 795.120... under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (Pub. L. 94-469, 90 Stat. 2003 (15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq...

40 CFR 795.120 - Gammarid acute toxicity test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... culture container. The control group shall be exposed to the same dilution water, conditions and... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional Environmental Effects Guidelines § 795.120... under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (Pub. L. 94-469, 90 Stat. 2003 (15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq...

40 CFR 795.120 - Gammarid acute toxicity test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... culture container. The control group shall be exposed to the same dilution water, conditions and... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional Environmental Effects Guidelines § 795.120... under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (Pub. L. 94-469, 90 Stat. 2003 (15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq...

40 CFR 795.120 - Gammarid acute toxicity test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... culture container. The control group shall be exposed to the same dilution water, conditions and... CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional Environmental Effects Guidelines § 795.120... under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (Pub. L. 94-469, 90 Stat. 2003 (15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq...

Substance Abuse among Drivers of Motor Vehicle Collisions

PubMed Central

Derakhshanfar, Hojjat; Kalantari Meibodi, Mohamad; Kariman, Hamid; Arhamidolatabadi, Ali; Safari, Saeed

2012-01-01

Background: Motor vehicle collisions (MVC) comprise a majority cause of referral to the emergency department (ED). A large proportion of MVC appear to be preventable, if more effective measures against driving after substance abuse can be implemented. Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of substance abuse among drivers of MVC, following road traffic accidents (RTA). Materials and Methods: This case-control research was conducted from July to October 2007. One hundred MVC drivers admitted in the ED were included as the case group and 110 hospitalized patients, due to nontraumatic causes were used as controls. History of substances abused was obtained and urine samples were tested for opium in both groups. Finally the history and laboratory results of the groups were compared using SPSS 18. Results: Of the 100 patients in the case group, 39 (39%) were positive for substance abuse (100% males). On the other hand, 49 (44.5%) patients in the control group had positive history or laboratory findings of substance abuse (73.9% male). Opioids were the most common agent abused in both groups. There was no significant difference between two groups regarding the prevalence of substance abuse (P = 0.92). Conclusions: The prevalence of substance abuse is high among victims of road traffic injury but in equal proportion to the control group. Health education and counseling is needed to reduce substance abuse in the general population although it was not significantly related to the cause of RTA. PMID:24829889

Targeting children of substance-using parents with the community-based group intervention TRAMPOLINE: A randomised controlled trial - design, evaluation, recruitment issues

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Children of substance-abusing parents are at risk for developing psychosocial development problems. In Germany it is estimated that approx. 2.65 million children are affected by parental substance abuse or dependence. Only ten percent of them receive treatment when parents are treated. To date, no evaluated programme for children from substance-affected families exists in Germany. The study described in this protocol is designed to test the effectiveness of the group programme TRAMPOLINE for children aged 8-12 years with at least one substance-abusing or -dependent caregiver. The intervention is specifically geared to issues and needs of children from substance-affected families. Methods/Design The effectiveness of the manualised nine-session group programme TRAMPOLINE is tested among N = 218 children from substance-affected families in a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Outpatient counselling facilities across the nation from different settings (rural/urban, Northern/Southern/Eastern/Western regions of the country) will deliver the interventions, as they hold the primary access to the target group in Germany. The control condition is a group programme with the same duration that is not addiction-specific. We expect that participants in the intervention condition will show a significant improvement in the use of adaptive coping strategies (in general and within the family) compared to the control condition as a direct result of the intervention. Data is collected shortly before and after as well as six months after the intervention. Discussion In Germany, the study presented here is the first to develop and evaluate a programme for children of substance-abusing parents. Limitations and strengths are discussed with a special focus on recruitment challenges as they appear to be the most potent threat to feasibility in the difficult-to-access target group at hand (Trial registration: ISRCTN81470784). PMID:22439919

Targeting children of substance-using parents with the community-based group intervention TRAMPOLINE: a randomised controlled trial--design, evaluation, recruitment issues.

PubMed

Bröning, Sonja; Wiedow, Annika; Wartberg, Lutz; Ruths, Sylvia; Haevelmann, Andrea; Kindermann, Sally-Sophie; Moesgen, Diana; Schaunig-Busch, Ines; Klein, Michael; Thomasius, Rainer

2012-03-22

Children of substance-abusing parents are at risk for developing psychosocial development problems. In Germany it is estimated that approx. 2.65 million children are affected by parental substance abuse or dependence. Only ten percent of them receive treatment when parents are treated. To date, no evaluated programme for children from substance-affected families exists in Germany. The study described in this protocol is designed to test the effectiveness of the group programme TRAMPOLINE for children aged 8-12 years with at least one substance-abusing or -dependent caregiver. The intervention is specifically geared to issues and needs of children from substance-affected families. The effectiveness of the manualised nine-session group programme TRAMPOLINE is tested among N = 218 children from substance-affected families in a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Outpatient counselling facilities across the nation from different settings (rural/urban, Northern/Southern/Eastern/Western regions of the country) will deliver the interventions, as they hold the primary access to the target group in Germany. The control condition is a group programme with the same duration that is not addiction-specific. We expect that participants in the intervention condition will show a significant improvement in the use of adaptive coping strategies (in general and within the family) compared to the control condition as a direct result of the intervention. Data is collected shortly before and after as well as six months after the intervention. In Germany, the study presented here is the first to develop and evaluate a programme for children of substance-abusing parents. Limitations and strengths are discussed with a special focus on recruitment challenges as they appear to be the most potent threat to feasibility in the difficult-to-access target group at hand (Trial registration: ISRCTN81470784).

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole; Final Test Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is issuing a final test rule, under section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) requiring manufacturers and processors of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT, CAS No. 149—30-4) to perform testing.

The relationship between future orientation and street substance use among Texas alternative school students.

PubMed

Peters, R J; Tortolero, Susan R; Johnson, Regina Jones; Addy, Robert C; Markham, Christine M; Escobar-Chaves, S Liliana; Lewis, Holly; Yacoubian, George S

2005-01-01

Self-reported substance use data were collected from 963 alternative school students in grades 7-12 who were surveyed through the Safer Choices 2 study in Houston, Texas. Data were collected between October 2000 and March 2001. Logistic regression analyses indicated that lower levels of future orientation was significantly associated (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.81-0.97) with thirty-day substance use after controlling for age and gender. In addition, lower levels of future orientation was found to have a significant association with students' lifetime substance use (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.87-.99) after controlling for age, race, and gender. While the relationships tested in this study are exploratory, they provide evidence for an important connection between future orientation and substance use among adolescents attending alternative schools.

Temperament Pathways to Childhood Disruptive Behavior and Adolescent Substance Abuse: Testing a Cascade Model

PubMed Central

Martel, Michelle M.; Pierce, Laura; Nigg, Joel T.; Jester, Jennifer M.; Adams, Kenneth; Puttler, Leon I.; Buu, Anne; Fitzgerald, Hiram; Zucker, Robert A.

2008-01-01

Temperament traits may increase risk for developmental psychopathology like Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behaviors during childhood, as well as predisposing to substance abuse during adolescence. In the current study, a cascade model of trait pathways to adolescent substance abuse was examined. Component hypotheses were that (a) maladaptive traits would increase risk for inattention/hyperactivity, (b) inattention/hyperactivity would increase risk for disruptive behaviors, and (c) disruptive behaviors would lead to adolescent substance abuse. Participants were 674 children (486 boys) from 321 families in an ongoing, longitudinal high risk study that began when children were three years old. Temperament traits assessed were reactive control, resiliency, and negative emotionality, using examiner ratings on the California Q-Sort. Parent, teacher, and self ratings of inattention/hyperactivity, disruptive behaviors, and substance abuse were also obtained. Low levels of childhood reactive control, but not resiliency or negative emotionality, were associated with adolescent substance abuse, mediated by disruptive behaviors. Using a cascade model, family risk for substance abuse was partially mediated by reactive control, inattention/hyperactivity, and disruptive behavior. Some, but not all, temperament traits in childhood were related to adolescent substance abuse; these effects were mediated via inattentive/hyperactive and disruptive behaviors. PMID:18787942

Federal Register notice: Isopropanol; Final Test Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is issuing a final test rule, under section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), requiring manufacturers and processors of isopropanol (CAS No. 87-83-0) to perform testing for health effects.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid; Final Test Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is issuing a final test rule, under section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), requiring manufacturers and processors of 2-ethylhexanoic acid (EHA, CAS No. 149-57-5) to conduct testing.

Sexual behaviour, sexually transmitted infections and attitudes to chlamydia testing among a unique national sample of young Australians: baseline data from a randomised controlled trial

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Chlamydia infection is the most common notifiable sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Australia and mostly affects young people (15 – 25 years). This paper presents baseline data from a randomised controlled trial that aimed to increase chlamydia testing among sexually active young people. The objectives were to identify associations between sexual behaviour, substance use and STI history and explore attitudes to chlamydia testing. Methods This study was conducted in cyberspace. Study recruitment, allocation, delivery of interventions and baseline and follow up data collection all took place online. Participants were 16 – 25 years old and resided in Australia. Substance use correlates of sexual activity; predictors of history of STIs; barriers to and facilitators of chlamydia testing were analysed. Results Of 856 participants (79.1% female), 704 had experienced penetrative intercourse. Sexually active participants were more likely to smoke regularly or daily, to drink alcohol, or to have binge drunk or used marijuana or other illicit substances recently. Risk factors for having a history of any STI were 3 or more sexual partners ever, 6 or more partners in the past 12 months, condom non-use and being 20 years or older. Almost all sexually active participants said that they would have a chlamydia test if their doctor recommended it. Conclusions Sexually active young people are at risk of STIs and may engage in substance use risk behaviours. Where one health risk behaviour is identified, it is important to seek information about others. Chlamydia testing can be facilitated by doctors and nurses recommending it. Primary care providers have a useful role in chlamydia control. Trial Registration Australian and New Zealand Trials Registry ACTRN12607000582459 PMID:24400743

Sexual behaviour, sexually transmitted infections and attitudes to chlamydia testing among a unique national sample of young Australians: baseline data from a randomised controlled trial.

PubMed

Kang, Melissa; Rochford, Arlie; Skinner, S Rachel; Mindel, Adrian; Webb, Marianne; Peat, Jenny; Usherwood, Tim

2014-01-08

Chlamydia infection is the most common notifiable sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Australia and mostly affects young people (15 - 25 years). This paper presents baseline data from a randomised controlled trial that aimed to increase chlamydia testing among sexually active young people. The objectives were to identify associations between sexual behaviour, substance use and STI history and explore attitudes to chlamydia testing. This study was conducted in cyberspace. Study recruitment, allocation, delivery of interventions and baseline and follow up data collection all took place online. Participants were 16 - 25 years old and resided in Australia. Substance use correlates of sexual activity; predictors of history of STIs; barriers to and facilitators of chlamydia testing were analysed. Of 856 participants (79.1% female), 704 had experienced penetrative intercourse. Sexually active participants were more likely to smoke regularly or daily, to drink alcohol, or to have binge drunk or used marijuana or other illicit substances recently. Risk factors for having a history of any STI were 3 or more sexual partners ever, 6 or more partners in the past 12 months, condom non-use and being 20 years or older. Almost all sexually active participants said that they would have a chlamydia test if their doctor recommended it. Sexually active young people are at risk of STIs and may engage in substance use risk behaviours. Where one health risk behaviour is identified, it is important to seek information about others. Chlamydia testing can be facilitated by doctors and nurses recommending it. Primary care providers have a useful role in chlamydia control. Australian and New Zealand Trials Registry ACTRN12607000582459.

40 CFR 799.9370 - TSCA prenatal developmental toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... rabbit. (iv) Number of animals. Each test and control group shall contain a sufficient number of animals... optimal for spacing the dose levels, and the addition of a fourth test group is often preferable to using... group or a vehicle-control group if a vehicle is used in administering the test substance. (B) The...

40 CFR 799.9370 - TSCA prenatal developmental toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... rabbit. (iv) Number of animals. Each test and control group shall contain a sufficient number of animals... optimal for spacing the dose levels, and the addition of a fourth test group is often preferable to using... group or a vehicle-control group if a vehicle is used in administering the test substance. (B) The...

40 CFR 799.9370 - TSCA prenatal developmental toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... rabbit. (iv) Number of animals. Each test and control group shall contain a sufficient number of animals... optimal for spacing the dose levels, and the addition of a fourth test group is often preferable to using... group or a vehicle-control group if a vehicle is used in administering the test substance. (B) The...

40 CFR 799.9370 - TSCA prenatal developmental toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... rabbit. (iv) Number of animals. Each test and control group shall contain a sufficient number of animals... optimal for spacing the dose levels, and the addition of a fourth test group is often preferable to using... group or a vehicle-control group if a vehicle is used in administering the test substance. (B) The...

40 CFR 799.9370 - TSCA prenatal developmental toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... rabbit. (iv) Number of animals. Each test and control group shall contain a sufficient number of animals... optimal for spacing the dose levels, and the addition of a fourth test group is often preferable to using... group or a vehicle-control group if a vehicle is used in administering the test substance. (B) The...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 385 - Explanation of Safety Rating Process

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... substance test result (critical). § 382.303(a)Failing to conduct post accident testing on driver for alcohol... operational controls. These are indicative of breakdowns in a carrier's management controls. An example of a... relates to management and/or operational controls. These are indicative of breakdowns in a carrier's...

Annual banned-substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing.

PubMed

Thevis, Mario; Kuuranne, Tiia; Geyer, Hans; Schänzer, Wilhelm

2015-01-01

Within the mosaic display of international anti-doping efforts, analytical strategies based on up-to-date instrumentation as well as most recent information about physiology, pharmacology, metabolism, etc., of prohibited substances and methods of doping are indispensable. The continuous emergence of new chemical entities and the identification of arguably beneficial effects of established or even obsolete drugs on endurance, strength, and regeneration, necessitate frequent and adequate adaptations of sports drug testing procedures. These largely rely on exploiting new technologies, extending the substance coverage of existing test protocols, and generating new insights into metabolism, distribution, and elimination of compounds prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). In reference of the content of the 2014 Prohibited List, literature concerning human sports drug testing that was published between October 2013 and September 2014 is summarized and reviewed in this annual banned-substance review, with particular emphasis on analytical approaches and their contribution to enhanced doping controls. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Acceptance and relationship context: a model of substance use disorder treatment outcome.

PubMed

Gifford, Elizabeth V; Ritsher, Jennifer B; McKellar, John D; Moos, Rudolf H

2006-08-01

This study presented and tested a model of behavior change in long-term substance use disorder recovery, the acceptance and relationship context (ARC) model. The model specifies that acceptance-based behavior and constructive social relationships lead to recovery, and that treatment programs with supportive, involved relationships facilitate the development of these factors. This study used a prospective longitudinal naturalistic design and controlled for baseline levels of study variables. The model was tested on a sample of 2549 patients in 15 residential substance use disorder treatment programs. Acceptance-based responding (ABR), social relationship quality (SRQ), treatment program alliance (TPA) and substance use-related impairment were assessed using interviews and self-report questionnaires. TPA predicted ABR and SRQ and, in turn, ABR predicted better 2-year and 5-year treatment outcomes. The baseline-controlled model accounted for 41% of the variance in outcome at 2-year follow-up and 28% of the variance in outcome at 5-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Patients from treatment programs with an affiliative relationship network are more likely to respond adaptively to internal states associated previously with substance use, develop constructive social relationships and achieve long-term treatment benefits.

Psychological Dysregulation During Adolescence Mediates the Association of Parent-Child Attachment in Childhood and Substance Use Disorder in Adulthood1

PubMed Central

Zhai, Zu Wei; Kirisci, Levent; Tarter, Ralph E.; Ridenour, Ty A.

2015-01-01

Objective This prospective study tested the hypothesis that psychological dysregulation in mid-adolescence (age 16) mediates the association between parent-child attachment in late childhood (age 10-12) and development of substance use disorder (SUD) in adulthood (age 22). Method The Youth Attachment to Parents Scale (YAPS) was developed in 10-12 year old boys and girls (N = 694) at baseline residing in western Pennsylvania. Psychological dysregulation was measured by the neurobehavior disinhibition trait. Substance use was assessed at ages 10-12, 12-14, 16 and 19. SUD was diagnosed at age 22 using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders. The mediation of parent-child attachment and SUD by neurobehavior disinhibition was tested separately for mothers and fathers while controlling for baseline substance use. Results Psychological dysregulation mediates the association between attachment to mothers and SUD, and partially mediates the association between attachment to fathers and SUD. Significant mediation effects remains after controlling for baseline substance use. Conclusion Optimal prevention of SUD should include ameliorating both psychological dysregulation predisposing to SUD and quality of the parent-child relationship. PMID:24359508

40 CFR 798.5460 - Rodent heritable translocation assays.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... treatment and control groups. (4) Control groups—(i) Concurrent controls. No concurrent positive or negative... control groups. Historical or concurrent controls shall be specified, as well as the randomization... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798.5460 Rodent...

40 CFR 798.5460 - Rodent heritable translocation assays.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... treatment and control groups. (4) Control groups—(i) Concurrent controls. No concurrent positive or negative... control groups. Historical or concurrent controls shall be specified, as well as the randomization... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798.5460 Rodent...

40 CFR 798.5460 - Rodent heritable translocation assays.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... treatment and control groups. (4) Control groups—(i) Concurrent controls. No concurrent positive or negative... control groups. Historical or concurrent controls shall be specified, as well as the randomization... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798.5460 Rodent...

40 CFR 798.5460 - Rodent heritable translocation assays.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... treatment and control groups. (4) Control groups—(i) Concurrent controls. No concurrent positive or negative... control groups. Historical or concurrent controls shall be specified, as well as the randomization... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798.5460 Rodent...

40 CFR 798.5460 - Rodent heritable translocation assays.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... treatment and control groups. (4) Control groups—(i) Concurrent controls. No concurrent positive or negative... control groups. Historical or concurrent controls shall be specified, as well as the randomization... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798.5460 Rodent...

Perceived Sexual Control, Sex-Related Alcohol Expectancies and Behavior Predict Substance-Related Sexual Revictimization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walsh, Kate; Messman-Moore, Terri; Zerubavel, Noga; Chandley, Rachel B.; DeNardi, Kathleen A.; Walker, Dave P.

2013-01-01

Objectives: Although numerous studies have documented linkages between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and later sexual revictimization, mechanisms underlying revictimization, particularly assaults occurring in the context of substance use, are not well-understood. Consistent with Traumagenic Dynamics theory, the present study tested a path model…

Putting Drivers to the Test: Transportation Drug and Alcohol Testing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, John G.

1994-01-01

Outlines what is required of school districts for compliance with new regulations that require employers to test drivers with a commercial driver's license for the illegal use of alcohol and controlled substances. (MLF)

Methyl Ethyl Ketoxime; Final Test Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is issuing this final test rule under section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), requiring manufacturers and processors of methyl ethyl ketoxime (MEKO, CAS No. 96-29-7) to perform testing for health effects.

Reduced substance use as a secondary benefit of an indicated cognitive-behavioral adolescent depression prevention program.

PubMed

Rohde, Paul; Stice, Eric; Gau, Jeff M; Marti, C Nathan

2012-09-01

Our first aim was to test whether a group cognitive-behavioral (CB) depression prevention program reduces substance use escalation over 2-year follow-up relative to two active comparison interventions and a brochure assessment control. Our second aim examined whether reductions in depressive symptoms mediate intervention effects, as posited by the affect-regulation model of substance use. In this indicated prevention trial, 341 high school adolescents at risk for depression because of the presence of elevated depressive symptoms were randomized to a Group CB intervention, group supportive-expressive group intervention, CB bibliotherapy, or educational brochure control condition. Participants in Group CB had significantly lower rates of substance use compared with brochure control participants at both 1- and 2-year follow-up and lower substance use at 2-year follow-up relative to bibliotherapy participants; no other condition differences were significant. Mediational analyses suggested that reductions in depressive symptoms from baseline to posttest accounted for changes in substance use over 2 years for participants in Group CB relative to brochure control participants but did not mediate effects relative to those receiving bibliotherapy. Results suggest that a secondary benefit of this CB group indicated depression prevention program is lower rates of long-term substance use. Findings supported the hypothesis that, relative to a nonactive comparison condition, reductions in depressive symptoms mediated the effects of Group CB prevention on substance use escalation. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved.

Predictive capacity of a non-radioisotopic local lymph node assay using flow cytometry, LLNA:BrdU-FCM: Comparison of a cutoff approach and inferential statistics.

PubMed

Kim, Da-Eun; Yang, Hyeri; Jang, Won-Hee; Jung, Kyoung-Mi; Park, Miyoung; Choi, Jin Kyu; Jung, Mi-Sook; Jeon, Eun-Young; Heo, Yong; Yeo, Kyung-Wook; Jo, Ji-Hoon; Park, Jung Eun; Sohn, Soo Jung; Kim, Tae Sung; Ahn, Il Young; Jeong, Tae-Cheon; Lim, Kyung-Min; Bae, SeungJin

2016-01-01

In order for a novel test method to be applied for regulatory purposes, its reliability and relevance, i.e., reproducibility and predictive capacity, must be demonstrated. Here, we examine the predictive capacity of a novel non-radioisotopic local lymph node assay, LLNA:BrdU-FCM (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-flow cytometry), with a cutoff approach and inferential statistics as a prediction model. 22 reference substances in OECD TG429 were tested with a concurrent positive control, hexylcinnamaldehyde 25%(PC), and the stimulation index (SI) representing the fold increase in lymph node cells over the vehicle control was obtained. The optimal cutoff SI (2.7≤cutoff <3.5), with respect to predictive capacity, was obtained by a receiver operating characteristic curve, which produced 90.9% accuracy for the 22 substances. To address the inter-test variability in responsiveness, SI values standardized with PC were employed to obtain the optimal percentage cutoff (42.6≤cutoff <57.3% of PC), which produced 86.4% accuracy. A test substance may be diagnosed as a sensitizer if a statistically significant increase in SI is elicited. The parametric one-sided t-test and non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test produced 77.3% accuracy. Similarly, a test substance could be defined as a sensitizer if the SI means of the vehicle control, and of the low, middle, and high concentrations were statistically significantly different, which was tested using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis, with post hoc analysis, Dunnett, or DSCF (Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner), respectively, depending on the equal variance test, producing 81.8% accuracy. The absolute SI-based cutoff approach produced the best predictive capacity, however the discordant decisions between prediction models need to be examined further. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Perceived Sexual Control, Sex-Related Alcohol Expectancies and Behavior Predict Substance-Related Sexual Revictimization

PubMed Central

Walsh, Kate; Messman-Moore, Terri; Zerubavel, Noga; Chandley, Rachel B.; DeNardi, Kathleen A.; Walker, Dave P.

2013-01-01

Objectives Although numerous studies have documented linkages between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and later sexual revictimization, mechanisms underlying revictimization, particularly assaults occurring in the context of substance use, are not well-understood. Consistent with Traumagenic Dynamics theory, the present study tested a path model positing that lowered perceptions of sexual control resulting from CSA may be associated with increased sex-related alcohol expectancies and heightened likelihood of risky sexual behavior, which in turn, may predict adult substance-related rape. Methods Participants were 546 female college students who completed anonymous surveys regarding CSA and adult rape, perceptions of sexual control, sex-related alcohol expectancies, and likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behavior. Results The data fit the hypothesized model well and all hypothesized path coefficients were significant and in the expected directions. As expected, sex-related alcohol expectancies and likelihood of risky sexual behavior only predicted substance-related rape, not forcible rape. Conclusions Findings suggested that low perceived sexual control stemming from CSA is associated with increased sex-related alcohol expectancies and a higher likelihood of engaging in sexual behavior in the context of alcohol use. In turn these proximal risk factors heighten vulnerability to substance-related rape. Programs which aim to reduce risk for substance-related rape could be improved by addressing expectancies and motivations for risky sexual behavior in the context of substance use. Implications and future directions are discussed. PMID:23312991

Testing the efficacy of a brief sexual risk reduction intervention among high-risk American Indian adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Chambers, Rachel; Tingey, Lauren; Beach, Anna; Barlow, Allison; Rompalo, Anne

2016-04-29

American Indian adults are more likely to experience co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders than adults of other racial/ethnic groups and are disproportionately burdened by the most common sexually transmitted infections, namely chlamydia and gonorrhea. Several behavioral interventions are proven efficacious in lowering risk for sexually transmitted infection in various populations and, if adapted to address barriers experienced by American Indian adults who suffer from mental health and substance use problems, may be useful for dissemination in American Indian communities. The proposed study aims to examine the efficacy of an adapted evidence-based intervention to increase condom use and decrease sexual risk-taking and substance use among American Indian adults living in a reservation-based community in the Southwestern United States. The proposed study is a randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of an adapted evidence-based intervention compared to a control condition. Participants will be American Indian adults ages 18-49 years old who had a recent episode of binge substance use and/or suicide ideation. Participants will be randomized to the intervention, a two-session risk-reduction counseling intervention or the control condition, optimized standard care. All participants will be offered a self-administered sexually transmitted infection test. Participants will complete assessments at baseline, 3 and 6 months follow-up. The primary outcome measure is condom use at last sex. This is one of the first randomized controlled trials to assess the efficacy of an adapted evidence-based intervention for reducing sexual risk behaviors among AI adults with substance use and mental health problems. If proven successful, there will be an efficacious program for reducing risk behaviors among high-risk adults that can be disseminated in American Indian communities as well as other rural and under-resourced health systems. Clinical Trials NCT02513225.

Prevalence of Drug Testing in the Workplace.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hartwell, Tyler D.; And Others

1996-01-01

Drug testing continues to develop as a popular strategy to control substance abuse in the workplace. The incidence of testing is partially based on the type of worksite, characteristics of employees, and policies of the company. (Author)

Analysis of legal high materials by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry as part of a toxicology vigilance system: what are the most popular novel psychoactive substances in the UK?

PubMed

Ford, Loretta T; Berg, Jonathan D

2017-03-01

Introduction Legal highs also known as novel psychoactive substances mimic the effects of classic drugs of abuse. Challenges to developing screening services for novel psychoactive substances include identifying which novel psychoactive substances are available to target. Using new techniques such as exact mass time of flight can help identify common novel psychoactive substances to target for screening patient samples by routine methods such as tandem mass spectrometry. We demonstrate this strategy working in our own clinical toxicology laboratory after qualitative analysis of 98 suspect materials for novel psychoactive substances by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry. Results From July 2014 to July 2015 we received 98 requests to test a range of different suspect materials for novel psychoactive substances including herbs, tobacco, liquids, pills and powders. Overall, 87% of the suspect materials tested positive for novel psychoactive substances, and 15% for controlled drugs. Three common novel psychoactive substances were present in 74% of the suspect materials: methiopropamine, a methamphetamine analogue; ethylphenidate, a cocaine mimic; and the third generation synthetic cannabinoid 5F-AKB-48. For the 55 branded products we tested only 24% of the stated contents matched exactly the compounds we detected. Conclusion Testing suspect materials using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry has identified three common novel psychoactive substances in use in the UK, simplifying the development of a relevant novel psychoactive substances screening service to our population. By incorporating this into our routine liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry drugs of abuse screen, then offers a clinically relevant novel psychoactive substances service to our users. This strategy ensures our clinical toxicology service continues to remain effective to meet the challenges of the changing drug use in the UK.

Annual banned-substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing.

PubMed

Thevis, Mario; Kuuranne, Tiia; Geyer, Hans; Schänzer, Wilhelm

2017-01-01

There has been an immense amount of visibility of doping issues on the international stage over the past 12 months with the complexity of doping controls reiterated on various occasions. Hence, analytical test methods continuously being updated, expanded, and improved to provide specific, sensitive, and comprehensive test results in line with the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) 2016 Prohibited List represent one of several critical cornerstones of doping controls. This enterprise necessitates expediting the (combined) exploitation of newly generated information on novel and/or superior target analytes for sports drug testing assays, drug elimination profiles, alternative test matrices, and recent advances in instrumental developments. This paper is a continuation of the series of annual banned-substance reviews appraising the literature published between October 2015 and September 2016 concerning human sports drug testing in the context of WADA's 2016 Prohibited List. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

40 CFR 799.9365 - TSCA combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the control and the top dose group for observation of reversibility, persistence or delayed occurrence... toxicity. (2) Dosage. (i) Generally, at least three test groups and a control group should be used. If... administering the test substance, the control group should receive the vehicle in the highest volume used. (ii...

40 CFR 799.9365 - TSCA combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the control and the top dose group for observation of reversibility, persistence or delayed occurrence... toxicity. (2) Dosage. (i) Generally, at least three test groups and a control group should be used. If... administering the test substance, the control group should receive the vehicle in the highest volume used. (ii...

40 CFR 799.9365 - TSCA combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the control and the top dose group for observation of reversibility, persistence or delayed occurrence... toxicity. (2) Dosage. (i) Generally, at least three test groups and a control group should be used. If... administering the test substance, the control group should receive the vehicle in the highest volume used. (ii...

40 CFR 799.9365 - TSCA combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the control and the top dose group for observation of reversibility, persistence or delayed occurrence... toxicity. (2) Dosage. (i) Generally, at least three test groups and a control group should be used. If... administering the test substance, the control group should receive the vehicle in the highest volume used. (ii...

40 CFR 799.9365 - TSCA combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the control and the top dose group for observation of reversibility, persistence or delayed occurrence... toxicity. (2) Dosage. (i) Generally, at least three test groups and a control group should be used. If... administering the test substance, the control group should receive the vehicle in the highest volume used. (ii...

Life history strategy and young adult substance use.

PubMed

Richardson, George B; Chen, Ching-Chen; Dai, Chia-Liang; Swoboda, Christopher M

2014-11-03

This study tested whether life history strategy (LHS) and its intergenerational transmission could explain young adult use of common psychoactive substances. We tested a sequential structural equation model using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. During young adulthood, fast LHS explained 61% of the variance in overall liability for substance use. Faster parent LHS predicted poorer health and lesser alcohol use, greater neuroticism and cigarette smoking, but did not predict fast LHS or overall liability for substance use among young adults. Young adult neuroticism was independent of substance use controlling for fast LHS. The surprising finding of independence between parent and child LHS casts some uncertainty upon the identity of the parent and child LHS variables. Fast LHS may be the primary driver of young adult use of common psychoactive substances. However, it is possible that the young adult fast LHS variable is better defined as young adult mating competition. We discuss our findings in depth, chart out some intriguing new directions for life history research that may clarify the dimensionality of LHS and its mediation of the intergenerational transmission of substance use, and discuss implications for substance abuse prevention and treatment.

76 FR 65385 - Testing of Certain High Production Volume Chemicals; Third Group of Chemicals

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-21

...)(1)(B) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) to require manufacturers, importers, and processors... the regulatory text. Any use of the term ``manufacture'' in this final rule will encompass ``import... substances (NAICS codes 325 and 324110), e.g., chemical manufacturing and petroleum refineries. Processors of...

Evaluation of Yoga for Preventing Adolescent Substance Use Risk Factors in a Middle School Setting: A Preliminary Group-Randomized Controlled Trial

PubMed Central

LoRusso, Amanda; Shin, Sunny H.; Khalsa, Sat Bir S.

2016-01-01

Adolescence is a key developmental period for preventing substance use initiation, however prevention programs solely providing educational information about the dangers of substance use rarely change adolescent substance use behaviors. Recent research suggests that mind–body practices such as yoga may have beneficial effects on several substance use risk factors, and that these practices may serve as promising interventions for preventing adolescent substance use. The primary aim of the present study was to test the efficacy of yoga for reducing substance use risk factors during early adolescence. Seventh-grade students in a public school were randomly assigned by classroom to receive either a 32-session yoga intervention (n = 117) in place of their regular physical education classes or to continue with physical-education-as-usual (n = 94). Participants (63.2 % female; 53.6 % White) completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires assessing emotional self-regulation, perceived stress, mood impairment, impulsivity, substance use willingness, and actual substance use. Participants also completed questionnaires at 6-months and 1-year post-intervention. Results revealed that participants in the control condition were significantly more willing to try smoking cigarettes immediately post-intervention than participants in the yoga condition. Immediate pre- to post-intervention differences did not emerge for the remaining outcomes. However, long-term follow-up analyses revealed a pattern of delayed effects in which females in the yoga condition, and males in the control condition, demonstrated improvements in emotional self-control. The findings suggest that school-based yoga may have beneficial effects with regard to preventing males' and females' willingness to smoke cigarettes, as well as improving emotional self-control in females. However additional research is required, particularly with regard to the potential long-term effects of mind–body interventions in school settings. The present study contributes to the literature on adolescence by examining school-based yoga as a novel prevention program for substance use risk factors. PMID:27246653

Evaluation of Yoga for Preventing Adolescent Substance Use Risk Factors in a Middle School Setting: A Preliminary Group-Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Butzer, Bethany; LoRusso, Amanda; Shin, Sunny H; Khalsa, Sat Bir S

2017-03-01

Adolescence is a key developmental period for preventing substance use initiation, however prevention programs solely providing educational information about the dangers of substance use rarely change adolescent substance use behaviors. Recent research suggests that mind-body practices such as yoga may have beneficial effects on several substance use risk factors, and that these practices may serve as promising interventions for preventing adolescent substance use. The primary aim of the present study was to test the efficacy of yoga for reducing substance use risk factors during early adolescence. Seventh-grade students in a public school were randomly assigned by classroom to receive either a 32-session yoga intervention (n = 117) in place of their regular physical education classes or to continue with physical-education-as-usual (n = 94). Participants (63.2 % female; 53.6 % White) completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires assessing emotional self-regulation, perceived stress, mood impairment, impulsivity, substance use willingness, and actual substance use. Participants also completed questionnaires at 6-months and 1-year post-intervention. Results revealed that participants in the control condition were significantly more willing to try smoking cigarettes immediately post-intervention than participants in the yoga condition. Immediate pre- to post-intervention differences did not emerge for the remaining outcomes. However, long-term follow-up analyses revealed a pattern of delayed effects in which females in the yoga condition, and males in the control condition, demonstrated improvements in emotional self-control. The findings suggest that school-based yoga may have beneficial effects with regard to preventing males' and females' willingness to smoke cigarettes, as well as improving emotional self-control in females. However additional research is required, particularly with regard to the potential long-term effects of mind-body interventions in school settings. The present study contributes to the literature on adolescence by examining school-based yoga as a novel prevention program for substance use risk factors.

40 CFR 89.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... secondarily for operation in water. Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means any element of design that... design which controls or reduces the emission of substances from an engine. Engine, as used in this part... testing, to translation of designs from the test stage to the production stage, or to engine manufacture...

40 CFR 89.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... secondarily for operation in water. Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means any element of design that... design which controls or reduces the emission of substances from an engine. Engine, as used in this part... testing, to translation of designs from the test stage to the production stage, or to engine manufacture...

40 CFR 89.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... secondarily for operation in water. Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means any element of design that... design which controls or reduces the emission of substances from an engine. Engine, as used in this part... testing, to translation of designs from the test stage to the production stage, or to engine manufacture...

Tetrabromobisphenol A; Final Test Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is issuing a final test rule, under section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), requiring manufacturers and processors of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA. CAS No. 79—94—7) to perform testing for chemical fate and environmental effects.

Female adolescents with severe substance and conduct problems have substantially less brain gray matter volume.

PubMed

Dalwani, Manish S; McMahon, Mary Agnes; Mikulich-Gilbertson, Susan K; Young, Susan E; Regner, Michael F; Raymond, Kristen M; McWilliams, Shannon K; Banich, Marie T; Tanabe, Jody L; Crowley, Thomas J; Sakai, Joseph T

2015-01-01

Structural neuroimaging studies have demonstrated lower regional gray matter volume in adolescents with severe substance and conduct problems. These research studies, including ours, have generally focused on male-only or mixed-sex samples of adolescents with conduct and/or substance problems. Here we compare gray matter volume between female adolescents with severe substance and conduct problems and female healthy controls of similar ages. Female adolescents with severe substance and conduct problems will show significantly less gray matter volume in frontal regions critical to inhibition (i.e. dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex), conflict processing (i.e., anterior cingulate), valuation of expected outcomes (i.e., medial orbitofrontal cortex) and the dopamine reward system (i.e. striatum). We conducted whole-brain voxel-based morphometric comparison of structural MR images of 22 patients (14-18 years) with severe substance and conduct problems and 21 controls of similar age using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and voxel-based morphometric (VBM8) toolbox. We tested group differences in regional gray matter volume with analyses of covariance, adjusting for age and IQ at p<0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons at whole-brain cluster-level threshold. Female adolescents with severe substance and conduct problems compared to controls showed significantly less gray matter volume in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, bilateral somatosensory cortex, left supramarginal gyrus, and bilateral angular gyrus. Considering the entire brain, patients had 9.5% less overall gray matter volume compared to controls. Female adolescents with severe substance and conduct problems in comparison to similarly aged female healthy controls showed substantially lower gray matter volume in brain regions involved in inhibition, conflict processing, valuation of outcomes, decision-making, reward, risk-taking, and rule-breaking antisocial behavior.

Corneal Nerve Morphology and Tear Film Substance P in Diabetes.

PubMed

Markoulli, Maria; You, Jingjing; Kim, Juno; Duong, Carmen L; Tolentino, Jonathan B; Karras, Joshua; Lum, Edward

2017-07-01

This work aims to characterize the relationship between tear film neuropeptide substance P and the structural integrity of the sub-basal nerve plexus in diabetes. Seventeen healthy control participants and nine participants with diabetes were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Total protein content and substance P concentrations were determined in the flush tears of participants. Corneal nerve morphology was assessed by capturing the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus using the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph II with the Rostock Corneal Module (Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) in the central cornea. Corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) was measured using ACCMetrics (M.A. Dabbah, Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, Manchester, UK) on eight captured images. Comparisons between groups were made using independent samples t-tests. Correlations between parameters were analyzed using Pearson's correlations. Substance P concentrations were significantly higher in the tears of the control group compared to participants with diabetes (4150 ± 4752 and 1473 ± 1671 pg/mL, respectively, P = .047). There was no significant difference in total protein content between the groups (3.4 ± 1.8 and 2.6 ± 1.7 mg/mL in the control and diabetes groups, respectively, P = .262). CNFD was significantly lower in the participants with diabetes compared to the control group (16.1 ± 5.7 and 21.5 ± 7.0 mm/mm, respectively, P = .041). There was a moderate correlation between substance P and CNFD (r = 0.48, P = .01). Substance P is expressed at a significantly lower level in the tears of people with diabetes compared with healthy controls. The positive correlation between substance P and corneal nerve density indicates that substance P may be a potential biomarker for corneal nerve health.

49 CFR 382.301 - Pre-employment testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING Tests Required § 382.301 Pre-employment testing. (a) Prior to the first time a... 40 of this title, the employer shall conduct a pre-employment controlled substances test. (d) An...: (1) It must conduct a pre-employment alcohol test before the first performance of safety-sensitive...

49 CFR 382.301 - Pre-employment testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING Tests Required § 382.301 Pre-employment testing. (a) Prior to the first time a... 40 of this title, the employer shall conduct a pre-employment controlled substances test. (d) An...: (1) It must conduct a pre-employment alcohol test before the first performance of safety-sensitive...

49 CFR 382.301 - Pre-employment testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING Tests Required § 382.301 Pre-employment testing. (a) Prior to the first time a... 40 of this title, the employer shall conduct a pre-employment controlled substances test. (d) An...: (1) It must conduct a pre-employment alcohol test before the first performance of safety-sensitive...

49 CFR 382.301 - Pre-employment testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING Tests Required § 382.301 Pre-employment testing. (a) Prior to the first time a... 40 of this title, the employer shall conduct a pre-employment controlled substances test. (d) An...: (1) It must conduct a pre-employment alcohol test before the first performance of safety-sensitive...

[Identification of related substances in nicergoline by HPLC-MS].

PubMed

Zeng, Xue-fang; Liu, Jie; Song, Min; Hang, Tai-jun

2015-08-01

To study the related substances in nicergoline, electrospray positive ionization high resolution TOF/MS was used for the determination of the accurate mass and elemental composition of the related substances. Triple quadrupoles tandem MS/MS was employed for the determination of the fragmentations of the parent ions. 16 related substances were detected and identified to be eight synthetic by-products and eight degradation products, by using impurity references matching, product mass spectra fragmentations elucidation, and verified further according to synthetic processes and stress testing results. The results obtained are valuable for nicergoline manufacturing process control and quality assurance.

OIeylamine; Testing Requirements

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is issuing a final rule under section 4(a) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) requiring manufacturers and processors of oleylamine (9-octadecenylamine or ODA, CAS Number 112-90—3) to test this chemical.

Federal Register notice: Propylene Oxide; Testing Requirements

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This final rule promulgated under section 4(a) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) requires manufacturers and processors of propylene oxide (CAS No. 75-58-9) to test this chemical for developmental toxicity.

40 CFR 766.10 - Test standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Test standards. 766.10 Section 766.10 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS/DIBENZOFURANS General Provisions § 766.10 Test standards. Testing required under subpart B...

Perceived sexual control, sex-related alcohol expectancies and behavior predict substance-related sexual revictimization.

PubMed

Walsh, Kate; Messman-Moore, Terri; Zerubavel, Noga; Chandley, Rachel B; Denardi, Kathleen A; Walker, Dave P

2013-05-01

Although numerous studies have documented linkages between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and later sexual revictimization, mechanisms underlying revictimization, particularly assaults occurring in the context of substance use, are not well-understood. Consistent with Traumagenic Dynamics theory, the present study tested a path model positing that lowered perceptions of sexual control resulting from CSA may be associated with increased sex-related alcohol expectancies and heightened likelihood of risky sexual behavior, which in turn, may predict adult substance-related rape. Participants were 546 female college students who completed anonymous surveys regarding CSA and adult rape, perceptions of sexual control, sex-related alcohol expectancies, and likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behavior. The data fit the hypothesized model well and all hypothesized path coefficients were significant and in the expected directions. As expected, sex-related alcohol expectancies and likelihood of risky sexual behavior only predicted substance-related rape, not forcible rape. Findings suggested that low perceived sexual control stemming from CSA is associated with increased sex-related alcohol expectancies and a higher likelihood of engaging in sexual behavior in the context of alcohol use. In turn these proximal risk factors heighten vulnerability to substance-related rape. Programs which aim to reduce risk for substance-related rape could be improved by addressing expectancies and motivations for risky sexual behavior in the context of substance use. Implications and future directions are discussed. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Federal Register notice: Office of Solid Waste Chemicals; Final Test Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is issuing a final test rule, under section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act(TSCA) requiring and/or recommending that manufacturers and processors of 33 chemicals perform testing for human health effects and/or chemical fate.

77 FR 29307 - Control of Alcohol and Drug Use: Addition of Post-Accident Toxicological Testing for Non...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-17

... post-accident testing, FRA routinely conducts tests for alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, phencyclidine (PCP..., as part of its accident investigation program, FRA has conducted post-accident alcohol and drug tests... conduct post-accident tests for any substance (e.g., carbon [[Page 29308

40 CFR 798.5375 - In vitro mammalian cytogenetics.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... metabolic activation system. (5) Control groups. Positive and negative (untreated and/or vehicle) controls... activation is used, the positive control substance shall be known to require such activation. (6) Test... be listed with their numbers and frequencies for experimental and control groups. Data should be...

40 CFR 798.5375 - In vitro mammalian cytogenetics.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... metabolic activation system. (5) Control groups. Positive and negative (untreated and/or vehicle) controls... activation is used, the positive control substance shall be known to require such activation. (6) Test... be listed with their numbers and frequencies for experimental and control groups. Data should be...

40 CFR 798.5375 - In vitro mammalian cytogenetics.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... metabolic activation system. (5) Control groups. Positive and negative (untreated and/or vehicle) controls... activation is used, the positive control substance shall be known to require such activation. (6) Test... be listed with their numbers and frequencies for experimental and control groups. Data should be...

40 CFR 798.5375 - In vitro mammalian cytogenetics.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... metabolic activation system. (5) Control groups. Positive and negative (untreated and/or vehicle) controls... activation is used, the positive control substance shall be known to require such activation. (6) Test... be listed with their numbers and frequencies for experimental and control groups. Data should be...

Annual banned-substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing.

PubMed

Thevis, Mario; Kuuranne, Tiia; Geyer, Hans; Schänzer, Wilhelm

2014-01-01

Monitoring the misuse of drugs and the abuse of substances and methods potentially or evidently improving athletic performance by analytical chemistry strategies is one of the main pillars of modern anti-doping efforts. Owing to the continuously growing knowledge in medicine, pharmacology, and (bio)chemistry, new chemical entities are frequently established and developed, various of which present a temptation for sportsmen and women due to assumed/attributed beneficial effects of such substances and preparations on, for example, endurance, strength, and regeneration. By means of new technologies, expanded existing test protocols, new insights into metabolism, distribution, and elimination of compounds prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), analytical assays have been further improved in agreement with the content of the 2013 Prohibited List. In this annual banned-substance review, literature concerning human sports drug testing that was published between October 2012 and September 2013 is summarized and reviewed with particular emphasis on analytical approaches and their contribution to enhanced doping controls. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Protocol for accuracy of point of care (POC) or in-office urine drug testing (immunoassay) in chronic pain patients: a prospective analysis of immunoassay and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectometry (LC/MS/MS).

PubMed

Manchikanti, Laxmaiah; Malla, Yogesh; Wargo, Bradley W; Cash, Kimberly A; Pampati, Vidyasagar; Damron, Kim S; McManus, Carla D; Brandon, Doris E

2010-01-01

Therapeutic use, overuse, abuse, and diversion of controlled substances in managing chronic non-cancer pain continues to be an issue for physicians and patients. It has been stated that physicians, along with the public and federal, state, and local government; professional associations; and pharmaceutical companies all share responsibility for preventing abuse of controlled prescription drugs. The challenge is to eliminate or significantly curtail abuse of controlled prescription drugs while still assuring the proper treatment of those patients. A number of techniques, instruments, and tools have been described to monitor controlled substance use and abuse. Thus, multiple techniques and tools available for adherence monitoring include urine drug testing in conjunction with prescription monitoring programs and other screening tests. However, urine drug testing is associated with multiple methodological flaws. Multiple authors have provided conflicting results in relation to diagnostic accuracy with differing opinions about how to monitor adherence in a non-systematic fashion. Thus far, there have not been any studies systematically assessing the diagnostic accuracy of immunoassay with laboratory testing. A diagnostic accuracy study of urine drug testing. An interventional pain management practice, a specialty referral center, a private practice setting in the United States. To compare the information obtained by point of care (POC) or in-office urine drug testing (index test) to the information found when all drugs and analytes are tested by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC/MS/MS) reference test in the same urine sample. The study is designed to include 1,000 patients with chronic pain receiving controlled substances. The primary outcome measure is the diagnostic accuracy. Patients will be tested for various controlled substances, including opioids, benzodiazepines, and illicit drugs. The diagnostic accuracy study is performed utilizing the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) initiative which established reporting guidelines for diagnostic accuracy studies to improve the quality of reporting. The prototypical flow diagram of diagnostic accuracy study as described by STARD will be utilized. Results of diagnostic accuracy and correlation of clinical factors in relation to threshold levels, prevalence of abuse, false-positives, false-negatives, influence of other drugs, and demographic characteristics will be calculated. The limitations include lack of availability of POC testing with lower cutoff levels. This article presents a protocol for a diagnostic accuracy study of urine drug testing. The protocol also will permit correlation of various clinical factors in relation to threshold levels, prevalence of abuse, false-positives, false-negatives, influence of other drugs, and demographic characteristics. NCT 01052155.

40 CFR 798.2650 - Oral toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Control groups. A concurrent control group is required. This group shall be an untreated or sham-treated control group or, if a vehicle is used in administering the test substance, a vehicle control group. If... vehicle control groups are required. (3) Satellite group. (Rodent) A satellite group of 20 animals (10...

40 CFR 798.2650 - Oral toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Control groups. A concurrent control group is required. This group shall be an untreated or sham-treated control group or, if a vehicle is used in administering the test substance, a vehicle control group. If... vehicle control groups are required. (3) Satellite group. (Rodent) A satellite group of 20 animals (10...

40 CFR 798.2650 - Oral toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) Control groups. A concurrent control group is required. This group shall be an untreated or sham-treated control group or, if a vehicle is used in administering the test substance, a vehicle control group. If... vehicle control groups are required. (3) Satellite group. (Rodent) A satellite group of 20 animals (10...

40 CFR 798.2650 - Oral toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) Control groups. A concurrent control group is required. This group shall be an untreated or sham-treated control group or, if a vehicle is used in administering the test substance, a vehicle control group. If... vehicle control groups are required. (3) Satellite group. (Rodent) A satellite group of 20 animals (10...

40 CFR 798.2650 - Oral toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Control groups. A concurrent control group is required. This group shall be an untreated or sham-treated control group or, if a vehicle is used in administering the test substance, a vehicle control group. If... vehicle control groups are required. (3) Satellite group. (Rodent) A satellite group of 20 animals (10...

28 CFR 2.204 - Conditions of supervised release.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... if the supervision officer finds that the releasee has tested positive for illegal drugs or has... with drug testing, possessed a firearm, or tested positive for illegal controlled substances more than... releasee's residence, workplace, or vehicle. (v) The releasee shall submit to a drug or alcohol test...

28 CFR 2.204 - Conditions of supervised release.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... if the supervision officer finds that the releasee has tested positive for illegal drugs or has... with drug testing, possessed a firearm, or tested positive for illegal controlled substances more than... releasee's residence, workplace, or vehicle. (v) The releasee shall submit to a drug or alcohol test...

28 CFR 2.204 - Conditions of supervised release.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... if the supervision officer finds that the releasee has tested positive for illegal drugs or has... with drug testing, possessed a firearm, or tested positive for illegal controlled substances more than... releasee's residence, workplace, or vehicle. (v) The releasee shall submit to a drug or alcohol test...

40 CFR 766.20 - Who must test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Who must test. 766.20 Section 766.20 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS/DIBENZOFURANS Specific Chemical Testing/Reporting Requirements § 766.20 Who must test. (a...

Sexual orientation and adolescent substance use: a meta-analysis and methodological review*

PubMed Central

Marshal, Michael P.; Friedman, Mark S.; Stall, Ron; King, Kevin M.; Miles, Jonathan; Gold, Melanie A.; Bukstein, Oscar G.; Morse, Jennifer Q.

2009-01-01

Aims Several decades of research have shown that lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) adults are at high risk for substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs). These problems may often start prior to young adulthood; however, relatively little is known about risk for substance use in LGB adolescents. The primary aims of this paper were to conduct a meta-analysis of the relationship between sexual orientation and adolescent substance use and a systematic review and critique of the methodological characteristics of this literature. Methods Medical and social science journals were searched using Medline and PsychInfo. Studies were included if they tested the relationship between sexual orientation and adolescent substance use. Eighteen published studies were identified. Data analysis procedures followed expert guidelines, and used National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored meta-analysis software. Results LGB adolescents reported higher rates of substance use compared to heterosexual youth (overall odds ratio = 2.89, Cohen's d = 0.59). Effect sizes varied by gender, bisexuality status, sexual orientation definition and recruitment source. None of the studies tested mediation and only one tested moderation. One employed a matched comparison group design, one used a longitudinal design, and very few controlled for possible confounding variables. Conclusions The odds of substance use for LGB youth were, on average, 190% higher than for heterosexual youth and substantially higher within some subpopulations of LGB youth (340% higher for bisexual youth, 400% higher for females). Causal mechanisms, protective factors and alternative explanations for this effect, as well as long-term substance use outcomes in LGB youth, remain largely unknown. PMID:18339100

2-Ethylhexanol; Final Test Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is issuing a final test rule, under section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), requiring manufacturers and processors of 2-ethylhexanol (EH: CAS No. 104-76-7) to conduct a 2-year oncogenicity bioassay.

Testing Consent Order For Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA has issued a Testing Consent Order that incorporates an Enforceable Consent Agreement (ECA) pursuant to the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), with the Dow Chemical Company, Shell Oil Company, and Ciba-Geigy Corporation.

40 CFR 790.55 - Modification of test standards or schedules during conduct of test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Modification of test standards or schedules during conduct of test. 790.55 Section 790.55 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROCEDURES GOVERNING TESTING CONSENT AGREEMENTS AND TEST RULES Implementation,...

40 CFR 790.55 - Modification of test standards or schedules during conduct of test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Modification of test standards or schedules during conduct of test. 790.55 Section 790.55 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROCEDURES GOVERNING TESTING CONSENT AGREEMENTS AND TEST RULES Implementation,...

40 CFR 790.55 - Modification of test standards or schedules during conduct of test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Modification of test standards or schedules during conduct of test. 790.55 Section 790.55 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROCEDURES GOVERNING TESTING CONSENT AGREEMENTS AND TEST RULES Implementation,...

40 CFR 790.55 - Modification of test standards or schedules during conduct of test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Modification of test standards or schedules during conduct of test. 790.55 Section 790.55 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROCEDURES GOVERNING TESTING CONSENT AGREEMENTS AND TEST RULES Implementation,...

40 CFR 790.55 - Modification of test standards or schedules during conduct of test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Modification of test standards or schedules during conduct of test. 790.55 Section 790.55 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROCEDURES GOVERNING TESTING CONSENT AGREEMENTS AND TEST RULES Implementation,...

78 FR 69414 - Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Testing; Receipt of Test Data

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-19

... Chemical Testing; Receipt of Test Data AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces EPA's receipt of test data on 1- propanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-3-(2-propen-1-yloxy)-, sodium salt (1:1). These data were submitted pursuant to a test rule issued by EPA...

Predicting substance-abuse treatment providers' communication with clients about medication assisted treatment: a test of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior.

PubMed

Roberto, Anthony J; Shafer, Michael S; Marmo, Jennifer

2014-01-01

The purpose of this investigation is to determine if the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and theory of planned behavior (TPB) can retrospectively predict whether substance-abuse treatment providers encourage their clients to use medicated-assisted treatment (MAT) as part of their treatment plan. Two-hundred and ten substance-abuse treatment providers completed a survey measuring attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intentions, and behavior. Results indicate that substance-abuse treatment providers have very positive attitudes, neutral subjective norms, somewhat positive perceived behavioral control, somewhat positive intentions toward recommending MAT as part of their clients' treatment plan, and were somewhat likely to engage in the actual behavior. Further, the data fit both the TRA and TPB, but with the TPB model having better fit and predictive power for this target audience and behavior. The theoretical and practical implications for the developing messages for substance-abuse treatment providers and other health-care professionals who provide treatment to patients with substance use disorders are discussed. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Design, synthesis, and herbicidal activity of novel substituted 3-(pyridin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives.

PubMed

Xie, Yong; Chi, Hui-Wei; Guan, Ai-Ying; Liu, Chang-Ling; Ma, Hong-Juan; Cui, Dong-Liang

2014-12-31

A series of novel substituted 3-(pyridin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives were designed and synthesized using 2-phenylpridines as the lead compound by intermediate derivatization methods in an attempt to obtain novel compound candidates for weed control. The herbicidal activity assay in glasshouse tests showed several compounds (II6, II7, II8, II9, II10, II11, III2, III3, III4, and III5) could efficiently control velvet leaf, youth-and-old age, barnyard grass, and foxtail at the 37.5 g/ha active substance. Especially, the activities of II6, II7, III2, and III4 were proved roughly equivalent to the saflufenacil and better than 95% sulcotrione at the same concentration. The result of the herbicidal activity assay in field tests demonstrated that II7 at 60 g/ha active substance could give the same effect as bentazon at 1440 g/ha active substance to control dayflower and nightshade, meanwhile II7 showed better activity than oxyfluorfen to control arrowhead and security to rice. The present work indicates that II7 may be a novel compound candidate for potential herbicide.

Federal Register notice: Testing Requirement; Final Test Standards and Reporting Requirements; 1,2-Dichloropropane

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is issuing a final rule under section 4(a) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) that requires manufacturers and processors of 1,2-dichioropropane (DCP: CAS Number 78—87—5) to conduct tests.

Association Between Substance Use Disorder and Polygenic Liability to Schizophrenia.

PubMed

Hartz, Sarah M; Horton, Amy C; Oehlert, Mary; Carey, Caitlin E; Agrawal, Arpana; Bogdan, Ryan; Chen, Li-Shiun; Hancock, Dana B; Johnson, Eric O; Pato, Carlos N; Pato, Michele T; Rice, John P; Bierut, Laura J

2017-11-15

There are high levels of comorbidity between schizophrenia and substance use disorder, but little is known about the genetic etiology of this comorbidity. We tested the hypothesis that shared genetic liability contributes to the high rates of comorbidity between schizophrenia and substance use disorder. To do this, polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia derived from a large meta-analysis by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium were computed in three substance use disorder datasets: the Collaborative Genetic Study of Nicotine Dependence (ascertained for tobacco use disorder; n = 918 cases; 988 control subjects), the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (ascertained for alcohol use disorder; n = 643 cases; 384 control subjects), and the Family Study of Cocaine Dependence (ascertained for cocaine use disorder; n = 210 cases; 317 control subjects). Phenotypes were harmonized across the three datasets and standardized analyses were performed. Genome-wide genotypes were imputed to the 1000 Genomes reference panel. In each individual dataset and in the mega-analysis, strong associations were observed between any substance use disorder diagnosis and the polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (mega-analysis pseudo-R 2 range 0.8-3.7%; minimum p = 4 × 10 -23 ). These results suggest that comorbidity between schizophrenia and substance use disorder is partially attributable to shared polygenic liability. This shared liability is most consistent with a general risk for substance use disorder rather than specific risks for individual substance use disorders and adds to increasing evidence of a blurred boundary between schizophrenia and substance use disorder. Copyright © 2017 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 720.38 - Exemptions for test marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Exemptions for test marketing. 720.38... CONTROL ACT PREMANUFACTURE NOTIFICATION Applicability § 720.38 Exemptions for test marketing. (a) Any person may apply for an exemption to manufacture or import a new chemical substance for test marketing...

77 FR 10509 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Drug Testing for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-22

... Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Drug Testing for Contract Employees (Renewal) AGENCY... electronic docket, go to www.regulations.gov . Title: Drug Testing for Contract Employees. ICR numbers: EPA..., amphetamines, phencyclidine (PCP), and any other controlled substances. The testing for drugs must be completed...

40 CFR 720.38 - Exemptions for test marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Exemptions for test marketing. 720.38... CONTROL ACT PREMANUFACTURE NOTIFICATION Applicability § 720.38 Exemptions for test marketing. (a) Any person may apply for an exemption to manufacture or import a new chemical substance for test marketing...

40 CFR 720.38 - Exemptions for test marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Exemptions for test marketing. 720.38... CONTROL ACT PREMANUFACTURE NOTIFICATION Applicability § 720.38 Exemptions for test marketing. (a) Any person may apply for an exemption to manufacture or import a new chemical substance for test marketing...

40 CFR 720.38 - Exemptions for test marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Exemptions for test marketing. 720.38... CONTROL ACT PREMANUFACTURE NOTIFICATION Applicability § 720.38 Exemptions for test marketing. (a) Any person may apply for an exemption to manufacture or import a new chemical substance for test marketing...

Alcohol and Drug Use and the Developing Brain

PubMed Central

Gray, Kevin M.

2016-01-01

Adolescence is an important neurodevelopmental period marked by rapidly escalating rates of alcohol and drug use. Over the past decade, research has attempted to disentangle pre- and post-substance use effects on brain development by using sophisticated longitudinal designs. This review focuses on recent, prospective studies and addresses the following important questions: (1) what neuropsychological and neural features predate adolescent substance use, making youth more vulnerable to engage in heavy alcohol or drug use, and (2) how does heavy alcohol and drug use affect normal neural development and cognitive functioning? Findings suggest that pre-existing neural features that relate to increased substance use during adolescence include poorer neuropsychological functioning on tests of inhibition and working memory, smaller gray and white matter volume, changes in white matter integrity, and altered brain activation during inhibition, working memory, reward, and resting state. After substance use is initiated, alcohol and marijuana use are associated with poorer cognitive functioning on tests of verbal memory, visuospatial functioning, psychomotor speed, working memory, attention, cognitive control, and overall IQ. Heavy alcohol use during adolescence is related to accelerated decreases in gray matter and attenuated increases in white matter volume, as well as increased brain activation during tasks of inhibition and working memory, relative to controls. Larger longitudinal studies with more diverse samples are needed to better understand the interactive effects of alcohol, marijuana, and other substances, as well as the role of sex, co-occurring psychopathology, genetics, sleep, and age of initiation on substance use. PMID:26984684

Triethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether; Final Test Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is issuing a final test rule under section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) requiring manufacturers and processors of triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (TGME, CAS No. 112-35-6) to perform developmental neurotoxicity tasting.

Anthraquinone Final Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements and Test Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is issuing a final rule, under section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), requiring manufacturers and processors of 9,10-anthraquinone (CAS No. 84—65—1), hereinafter anthraquinone, to perform testing.

Hydroquinone Testing Requirements

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

On January 4, 1984, the EPA proposed, under section 4(a) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), that manufacturers and processors of hydroquinone (CAS No. 123-31-9) conduct health and environmental effects testing of that chemical (49 FR 438).

40 CFR 792.43 - Test system care facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Test system care facilities. 792.43 Section 792.43 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Facilities § 792.43 Test system care facilities...

40 CFR 792.90 - Animal and other test system care.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Testing Facilities Operation § 792.90 Animal and other test system care. (a) There shall be standard operating procedures for the housing... adult terrestrial amphibians used in laboratory procedures that require manipulations and observations...

40 CFR 792.90 - Animal and other test system care.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Testing Facilities Operation § 792.90 Animal and other test system care. (a) There shall be standard operating procedures for the housing... adult terrestrial amphibians used in laboratory procedures that require manipulations and observations...

40 CFR 792.90 - Animal and other test system care.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Testing Facilities Operation § 792.90 Animal and other test system care. (a) There shall be standard operating procedures for the housing... adult terrestrial amphibians used in laboratory procedures that require manipulations and observations...

40 CFR 792.90 - Animal and other test system care.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Testing Facilities Operation § 792.90 Animal and other test system care. (a) There shall be standard operating procedures for the housing... adult terrestrial amphibians used in laboratory procedures that require manipulations and observations...

40 CFR 792.90 - Animal and other test system care.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Testing Facilities Operation § 792.90 Animal and other test system care. (a) There shall be standard operating procedures for the housing... adult terrestrial amphibians used in laboratory procedures that require manipulations and observations...

40 CFR 798.2250 - Dermal toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... animals scheduled to be sacrificed before completion of the study. (2) Control groups. A concurrent control group is required. This group shall be an untreated or sham-treated control group or, if a vehicle is used in administering the test substance, a vehicle control group. If the toxic properties of the...

40 CFR 798.2250 - Dermal toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... animals scheduled to be sacrificed before completion of the study. (2) Control groups. A concurrent control group is required. This group shall be an untreated or sham-treated control group or, if a vehicle is used in administering the test substance, a vehicle control group. If the toxic properties of the...

40 CFR 798.2250 - Dermal toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... animals scheduled to be sacrificed before completion of the study. (2) Control groups. A concurrent control group is required. This group shall be an untreated or sham-treated control group or, if a vehicle is used in administering the test substance, a vehicle control group. If the toxic properties of the...

40 CFR 798.2250 - Dermal toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... animals scheduled to be sacrificed before completion of the study. (2) Control groups. A concurrent control group is required. This group shall be an untreated or sham-treated control group or, if a vehicle is used in administering the test substance, a vehicle control group. If the toxic properties of the...

40 CFR 798.2250 - Dermal toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... animals scheduled to be sacrificed before completion of the study. (2) Control groups. A concurrent control group is required. This group shall be an untreated or sham-treated control group or, if a vehicle is used in administering the test substance, a vehicle control group. If the toxic properties of the...

40 CFR 799.9630 - TSCA developmental neurotoxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... (2) Control group. A concurrent control group is required. This group must be a sham-treated group or, if a vehicle is used in administering the test substance, a vehicle control group. The vehicle must neither be developmentally toxic nor have effects on reproduction. Animals in the control group must be...

40 CFR 798.5300 - Detection of gene mutations in somatic cells in culture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... (5) Control groups. Positive and negative (untreated and/or vehicle) controls shall be included in.... Data shall be presented in tabular form. Individual colony counts for the treated and control groups... (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798...

40 CFR 798.5300 - Detection of gene mutations in somatic cells in culture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... (5) Control groups. Positive and negative (untreated and/or vehicle) controls shall be included in.... Data shall be presented in tabular form. Individual colony counts for the treated and control groups... (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798...

40 CFR 799.9630 - TSCA developmental neurotoxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... (2) Control group. A concurrent control group is required. This group must be a sham-treated group or, if a vehicle is used in administering the test substance, a vehicle control group. The vehicle must neither be developmentally toxic nor have effects on reproduction. Animals in the control group must be...

40 CFR 798.5300 - Detection of gene mutations in somatic cells in culture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... (5) Control groups. Positive and negative (untreated and/or vehicle) controls shall be included in.... Data shall be presented in tabular form. Individual colony counts for the treated and control groups... (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798...

40 CFR 798.5300 - Detection of gene mutations in somatic cells in culture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... (5) Control groups. Positive and negative (untreated and/or vehicle) controls shall be included in.... Data shall be presented in tabular form. Individual colony counts for the treated and control groups... (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798...

40 CFR 799.9630 - TSCA developmental neurotoxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... (2) Control group. A concurrent control group is required. This group must be a sham-treated group or, if a vehicle is used in administering the test substance, a vehicle control group. The vehicle must neither be developmentally toxic nor have effects on reproduction. Animals in the control group must be...

40 CFR 798.5300 - Detection of gene mutations in somatic cells in culture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... (5) Control groups. Positive and negative (untreated and/or vehicle) controls shall be included in.... Data shall be presented in tabular form. Individual colony counts for the treated and control groups... (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798...

Review on toxicity testing with marine macroalgae and the need for method standardization--exemplified with copper and phenol.

PubMed

Eklund, Britta T; Kautsky, Lena

2003-02-01

Toxic effects on macroalgae have been compiled. Eighty-two articles have been found in literature during 1959-2000. A total of 120 substances were investigated using 65 different macroalgae species. About one-third of the tested compounds were organic substances (33%), another third metal-organic substances (35%), and the last third were oils (14%), metals (8%), detergents (7.5%) and other inorganic chemicals (2.5%). Half of the substances were only tested once on a single species. Likewise, toxicity data has only been reported for one chemical tested on a single occasion for about half of the 65 species. Thus little is known about the toxic effects on marine macroalgae. The objectives of the previous studies undertaken varied and therefore the toxicity data was presented in numerous ways, e.g. using different exposure times, temperature, light intensity, light regime, salinity, and nutrients, which makes a direct comparison of the data difficult. This review also shows that many stages in the lifecycle of macroalgae are often more sensitive to toxic substances than other aquatic organisms. Consequently, tests using macroalgae may discover toxicity earlier, which would in turn also protect the fauna. If toxic compounds have a negative affect on the distribution and growth of structurally and functionally dominating macroalgae, there may indirectly be a large and harmful influence on the whole marine coastal ecosystem. For this reason tests on macroalgae should be included in control programs along the coasts.

Ventilatory response to hypercarbia in newborns of smoking and substance-misusing mothers.

PubMed

Ali, Kamal; Wolff, Kim; Peacock, Janet L; Hannam, Simon; Rafferty, Gerrard F; Bhat, Ravindra; Greenough, Anne

2014-07-01

Infants of mothers who smoked (S) or substance misused (SM) during pregnancy have an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). To test the hypothesis that infants of S and SM mothers compared with infants of non-substance-misusing, nonsmoking mothers (control subjects) would have a reduced ventilatory response to hypercarbia and that any reduction would be greater in the SM infants. Infants were assessed before maternity/neonatal unit discharge. Maternal and infant urine samples were obtained and tested for cotinine, cannabinoids, opiates, amphetamines, methadone, cocaine, and benzodiazepines. Respiratory flow and Vt were measured using a pneumotachograph inserted into a face mask placed over the infant's mouth and nose. The ventilatory responses to three levels of inspired carbon dioxide (0 [baseline], 2, and 4% CO2) were assessed. Twenty-three SM, 34 S, and 22 control infants were assessed. The birth weight of the control subjects was higher than the SM and S infants (P = 0.017). At baseline, SM infants had a higher respiratory rate (P = 0.003) and minute volume (P = 0.007) compared with control subjects and S infants. Both the SM and S infants had a lower ventilatory response to 2% (P < 0.001) and 4% (P < 0.001) CO2 than the control subjects. The ventilatory response to CO2 was lower in the SM infants compared with the S infants (P = 0.009). These results are consistent with infants of smoking mothers and substance misuse/smoking mothers having a dampened ventilatory response to hypercarbia, which is particularly marked in the latter group.

Effectiveness of some substances in the control of carrot and parsley roots against fungal diseases.

PubMed

Nawrocki, Jacek

2007-01-01

Field experiments were carried out in the years 2005 and 2006 on carrot cv. 'Koral' and 'Perfekcja', and parsley cv. 'Berlinska' and 'Cukrowa'. Effectiveness of substances: Biochikol 020 PC (biologically active substances BAS--chitosan 20 g/dm3), Bioczos BR (extract of garlic 10 g/1 brick) and Biosept 33 SL (extract of grapefruit 33%) on seedling roots of carrot and parsley was studied. As the standard fungicide Zaprawa Funaben T (carbendazim 20% + tiuram 45%) was used. Roots of carrot and parsley were treated one of tested substances spring immediately before planting seedling roots. During vegetation period the growth of seedling shoots and setting of seeds, and their infestation by fungal and bacterial pathogens was noticed. Among substances used for spring dressing of carrot and also parsley seedling roots, the best efficacy exhibited Zaprawa Funaben T in both years of observation. The highest yield of carrot seeds had combination roots cv. 'Koral' and parsley seeds roots cvs 'Berlińska' and 'Cukrowa' dressed Zaprawa Funaben T. Effectiveness of biopreparates Biochikol and Biosept was lower in comparison with the standard fungicide, but their protective effect was significantly higher than in control. Bioczos had the lowest control efficacy.

Preventing substance use among early Asian-American adolescent girls: initial evaluation of a web-based, mother-daughter program.

PubMed

Fang, Lin; Schinke, Steven P; Cole, Kristin C A

2010-11-01

This study examined the efficacy and generalizability of a family-oriented, web-based substance use prevention program to young Asian-American adolescent girls. Between September and December 2007, a total of 108 Asian-American girls aged 10-14 years and their mothers were recruited through online advertisements and from community service agencies. Mother-daughter dyads were randomly assigned to an intervention arm or to a test-only control arm. After pretest measurement, intervention-arm dyads completed a 9-session web-based substance use prevention program. Guided by family interaction theory, the program aimed to improve girls' psychological states, strengthen substance use prevention skills, increase mother-daughter interactions, enhance maternal monitoring, and prevent girls' substance use. Study outcomes were assessed using generalized estimating equations. At posttest, relative to control-arm girls, intervention-arm girls showed less depressed mood; reported improved self-efficacy and refusal skills; had higher levels of mother-daughter closeness, mother-daughter communication, and maternal monitoring; and reported more family rules against substance use. Intervention-arm girls also reported fewer instances of alcohol, marijuana, and illicit prescription drug use, and expressed lower intentions to use substances in the future. A family-oriented, web-based substance use prevention program was efficacious in preventing substance use behavior among early Asian-American adolescent girls. Copyright © 2010 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Substance use and drinking outcomes in Personalized Cognitive Counseling randomized trial for episodic substance-using men who have sex with men.

PubMed

Santos, Glenn-Milo; Coffin, Phillip O; Vittinghoff, Eric; DeMicco, Erin; Das, Moupali; Matheson, Tim; Raiford, Jerris L; Carry, Monique; Colfax, Grant; Herbst, Jeffrey H; Dilley, James W

2014-05-01

Non-dependent alcohol and substance use patterns are prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM), yet few effective interventions to reduce their substance use are available for these men. We evaluated whether an adapted brief counseling intervention aimed at reducing HIV risk behavior was associated with secondary benefits of reducing substance use among episodic substance-using MSM (SUMSM). 326 episodic SUMSM were randomized to brief Personalized Cognitive Counseling (PCC) intervention with rapid HIV testing or to rapid HIV testing only control. Both arms followed over 6 months. Trends in substance use were examined using GEE Poisson models with robust standard errors by arm. Reductions in frequency of use were examined using ordered logistic regression. In intent-to-treat analyses, compared to men who received rapid HIV testing only, we found men randomized to PCC with rapid HIV testing were more likely to report abstaining from alcohol consumption (RR=0.93; 95% CI=0.89-0.97), marijuana use (RR=0.84; 95% CI=0.73-0.98), and erectile dysfunction drug use (EDD; RR=0.51; 95% CI=0.33-0.79) over the 6-month follow-up. PCC was also significantly associated with reductions in frequency of alcohol intoxication (OR=0.58; 95% CI=0.36-0.90) over follow-up. Furthermore, we found PCC was associated with significant reductions in number of unprotected anal intercourse events while under the influence of methamphetamine (RR=0.26; 95% CI=0.08-0.84). The addition of adapted PCC to rapid HIV testing may have benefits in increasing abstinence from certain classes of substances previously associated with HIV risk, including alcohol and EDD; and reducing alcohol intoxication frequency and high-risk sexual behaviors concurrent with methamphetamine use. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Does improvement in maternal attachment representations predict greater maternal sensitivity, child attachment security and lower rates of relapse to substance use? A second test of Mothering from the Inside Out treatment mechanisms.

PubMed

Suchman, Nancy E; DeCoste, Cindy; Borelli, Jessica L; McMahon, Thomas J

2018-02-01

In this study, we replicated a rigorous test of the proposed mechanisms of change associated with Mothering from the Inside out (MIO), an evidence-based parenting therapy that aims to enhance maternal reflective functioning and mental representations of caregiving in mothers enrolled in addiction treatment and caring for young children. First, using data from 84 mothers who enrolled in our second randomized controlled trial, we examined whether therapist fidelity to core MIO treatment components predicted improvement in maternal reflective functioning and mental representations of caregiving, even after taking fidelity to non-MIO components into account. Next, we examined whether improvement in directly targeted outcomes (e.g., maternal mentalizing and mental representations of caregiving) led to improvements in the indirectly targeted outcome of maternal caregiving sensitivity, even after controlling for other plausible competing mechanisms (e.g., improvement in maternal psychiatric distress and substance use). Third, we examined whether improvement in targeted parenting outcomes (e.g., maternal mentalizing, mental representations of caregiving and caregiving sensitivity) was associated in improvement in child attachment status, even after controlling for competing mechanisms (e.g., improvement in maternal psychiatric distress and substance use). Finally, we examined whether improvement in maternal mentalizing and caregiving representations was associated with a reduction in relapse to substance use. Support was found for the first three tests of mechanisms but not the fourth. Implications for future research and intervention development are discussed. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Testing Consent Order on Refractory Ceramic Fibers

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This notice announces that EPA has signed signed an enforceable testing consent order under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), 15 U.S.C. section 2601 at seq., with three of the primary producers of refractory ceramic fibers (RCF).

Toothpaste allergy as a cause of cheilitis in Israeli patients.

PubMed

Lavy, Yaron; Slodownik, Dan; Trattner, Akiva; Ingber, Arieh

2009-01-01

Allergic contact cheilitis may appear after exposure to different substances, including dental materials, toothpastes, cosmetics, foods and medications. To compare the rate of toothpaste allergy between patients with and without cheilitis and to examine the yield of our proposed toothpaste patch test kit for use in patients with cheilitis. A patch test kit containing 11 substances used in toothpastes was formed. The study sample consisted of 44 patients, 24 with cheilitis (study group) and 20 with contact dermatitis but without cheilitis (control group). Eleven patients in the study group (45%) were found to be allergic to toothpaste, compared to only one patient (5%) in the control group (p < .05). The rate of toothpaste allergy among patients with cheilitis might be higher than previously reported. Patch-testing with our toothpaste series is recommended in the evaluation of cheilitis.

Reauthorization of Toxic Substances Control Act for fiscal year 1984. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Transportation, and Tourism of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, Ninety-Eighth Congress, First Session, April 21, 1983

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1983-01-01

A hearing to reauthorize the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) reviewed evidence that few new chemicals introduced into the consumer market are tested for toxicity and that no testing rules have been issued in the seven years of TSCA's existence in contrast to the testing record of some European countries. The 13 witnesses represented the Chamber of Commerce, conservation and environmental groups and agencies, and manufacturers of potentially toxic materials. The latter cited the economic burden on small businesses and the constraints on innovation that TSCA has had. Others stressed potential health hazards from untested materials and the poor recordmore » of TSCA implementation. (DCK)« less

Internalized Homonegativity and Substance Use Among U.S. Men Who Have Sex with Men Only (MSMO) and Men Who Have Sex with Men and Women (MSMW).

PubMed

Jeffries, William L; Johnson, Oshea D

2018-03-21

Internalized homonegativity may promote substance use among U.S. men who have sex with men only (MSMO) and men who have sex with men and women (MSMW). However, studies have produced mixed findings, used non-representative samples, and not adequately examined MSMW. We investigated (1) internalized homonegativity in relation to substance use and (2) the extent of temporal change in internalized homonegativity among MSMO and MSMW. Using merged 2002, 2006-2010, and 2011-2013 cycles of the National Survey of Family Growth-a nationally representative U.S. sample of persons aged 15-44 years-we acquired subsamples of MSMO (n = 419) and MSMW (n = 195). Rao-Scott chi-square tests examined internalized homonegativity in relation to past-month binge drinking and use of marijuana. These tests examined past-year use of any illicit substance, cocaine, crack, injection drugs, and methamphetamine. Multivariable logistic regression models controlled for covariates. Rao-Scott chi-square tests examined temporal changes in internalized homonegativity. Among MSMO, internalized homonegativity was associated with increased odds of using any illicit substance, cocaine, and methamphetamine. Among MSMW, however, internalized homonegativity was associated with decreased odds of using any illicit substance, cocaine, crack, injection drugs, and methamphetamine. The proportion of MSMO and MSMW who expressed internalized homonegativity did not significantly change during 2002-2013. Conclusions/Importance: Internalized homonegativity may be positively associated with substance use among MSMO, but negatively associated with substance use among MSMW. Future studies should seek to better understand internalized homonegativity and other determinants of substance use among MSMO and MSMW.

40 CFR 798.5265 - The salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., exogenous glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADH and excess of glucose-6-phosphate. (5) Control groups—(i... (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798... number of spontaneous revertants in an untreated and/or vehicle control culture. (2) Description. Several...

40 CFR 798.5265 - The salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., exogenous glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADH and excess of glucose-6-phosphate. (5) Control groups—(i... (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798... number of spontaneous revertants in an untreated and/or vehicle control culture. (2) Description. Several...

40 CFR 798.5265 - The salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., exogenous glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADH and excess of glucose-6-phosphate. (5) Control groups—(i... (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798... number of spontaneous revertants in an untreated and/or vehicle control culture. (2) Description. Several...

40 CFR 798.5265 - The salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., exogenous glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADH and excess of glucose-6-phosphate. (5) Control groups—(i... (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798... number of spontaneous revertants in an untreated and/or vehicle control culture. (2) Description. Several...

40 CFR 798.5265 - The salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., exogenous glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADH and excess of glucose-6-phosphate. (5) Control groups—(i... (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Genetic Toxicity § 798... number of spontaneous revertants in an untreated and/or vehicle control culture. (2) Description. Several...

Sports drug testing using complementary matrices: Advantages and limitations.

PubMed

Thevis, Mario; Geyer, Hans; Tretzel, Laura; Schänzer, Wilhelm

2016-10-25

Today, routine doping controls largely rely on testing whole blood, serum, and urine samples. These matrices allow comprehensively covering inorganic as well as low and high molecular mass organic analytes relevant to doping controls and are collecting and transferring from sampling sites to accredited anti-doping laboratories under standardized conditions. Various aspects including time and cost-effectiveness as well as intrusiveness and invasiveness of the sampling procedure but also analyte stability and breadth of the contained information have been motivation to consider and assess values potentially provided and added to modern sports drug testing programs by alternative matrices. Such alternatives could be dried blood spots (DBS), dried plasma spots (DPS), oral fluid (OF), exhaled breath (EB), and hair. In this review, recent developments and test methods concerning these alternative matrices and expected or proven contributions as well as limitations of these specimens in the context of the international anti-doping fight are presented and discussed, guided by current regulations for prohibited substances and methods of doping as established by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Focusing on literature published between 2011 and 2015, examples for doping control analytical assays concerning non-approved substances, anabolic agents, peptide hormones/growth factors/related substances and mimetics, β 2 -agonists, hormone and metabolic modulators, diuretics and masking agents, stimulants, narcotics, cannabinoids, glucocorticoids, and beta-blockers were selected to outline the advantages and limitations of the aforementioned alternative matrices as compared to conventional doping control samples (i.e. urine and blood/serum). Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Drug and alcohol abuse: The pattern and magnitude of the problem

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ajayi, P.A.

In the last 12 months, many more cases of alcohol and drug (substance) abuse in the workplace were seen in the Escravos operations of Chevron Nigeria Limited than in previous years. This called the attention to the rising prevalence of drug and alcohol abuse in contradistinction to reports from similar organizations in other parts of the world. Chevron Nigeria has a written Drug and Alcohol Policy which has been dormant for some time because of the apparent rarity of the problem of substance abuse in the workplace. This Policy is being reviewed to broaden its scope and make it moremore » effective. A total of 30 employees were tested for drugs and alcohol .6 exceeded the legal limits of Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and 5 tested positive for drugs. Tests were mainly post-accident, reasonable cause and random. The common substances abused were alcohol, cannabis, cocaine and morphine in that order. The findings are compared with those of similar organizations in UK and USA. Efforts to control substance abuse in the workplace are being put into place.« less

40 CFR 799.9130 - TSCA acute inhalation toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... of the substance in the atmosphere, a vehicle control group should be used when historical data are... system to assign animals to test groups and control groups randomly is required. (2) Control groups. A concurrent untreated control group is not necessary. Where a vehicle other than water is used to generate an...

40 CFR 799.9130 - TSCA acute inhalation toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... of the substance in the atmosphere, a vehicle control group should be used when historical data are... system to assign animals to test groups and control groups randomly is required. (2) Control groups. A concurrent untreated control group is not necessary. Where a vehicle other than water is used to generate an...

40 CFR 799.9130 - TSCA acute inhalation toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... of the substance in the atmosphere, a vehicle control group should be used when historical data are... system to assign animals to test groups and control groups randomly is required. (2) Control groups. A concurrent untreated control group is not necessary. Where a vehicle other than water is used to generate an...

40 CFR 798.5450 - Rodent dominant lethal assay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... germinal tissue of the test species. Dominant lethals are generally accepted to be the result of... methanesulfonate. (d) Test method—(1) Principle. Generally, male animals are exposed to the test substance and... female in the treated group over the dead implants per female in the control group reflects the post...

40 CFR 798.5450 - Rodent dominant lethal assay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... germinal tissue of the test species. Dominant lethals are generally accepted to be the result of... methanesulfonate. (d) Test method—(1) Principle. Generally, male animals are exposed to the test substance and... female in the treated group over the dead implants per female in the control group reflects the post...

40 CFR 798.4350 - Inhalation developmental toxicity study.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Specific Organ/Tissue... million (ppm). (6) “No-observed-effect level” is the maximum concentration in a test which produces no observed adverse effects. A no-observed-effect level is expressed in terms of weight or volume of test...

40 CFR 798.4350 - Inhalation developmental toxicity study.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Specific Organ/Tissue... million (ppm). (6) “No-observed-effect level” is the maximum concentration in a test which produces no observed adverse effects. A no-observed-effect level is expressed in terms of weight or volume of test...

40 CFR 798.4350 - Inhalation developmental toxicity study.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) HEALTH EFFECTS TESTING GUIDELINES Specific Organ/Tissue... million (ppm). (6) “No-observed-effect level” is the maximum concentration in a test which produces no observed adverse effects. A no-observed-effect level is expressed in terms of weight or volume of test...

78 FR 5471 - Center for Substance Abuse Prevention; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-25

... Abuse Prevention (CSAP) Drug Testing Advisory Board (DTAB) will meet on February 11, 2013, from 10:30 a... Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs, the custody and control form, and the medical review officer certification. The meeting also will include federal drug testing updates from the...

INDUCTION OF SKIN PAPILLOMAS IN THE SENCAR MOUSE AS A TIER 2 CARCINOGENESIS BIOASSAY

EPA Science Inventory

The Toxic Substances Control Act mandates the testing of industrial chemicals for which insufficient evidence of safety exists. One of the more critical areas in chemical carcinogenesis testing is a dependable approach to confirmatory tests (tier 2) of identified positives at a s...

40 CFR 798.5450 - Rodent dominant lethal assay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... germinal tissue of the test species. Dominant lethals are generally accepted to be the result of... methanesulfonate. (d) Test method—(1) Principle. Generally, male animals are exposed to the test substance and... female in the treated group over the dead implants per female in the control group reflects the post...

40 CFR 798.5450 - Rodent dominant lethal assay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... germinal tissue of the test species. Dominant lethals are generally accepted to be the result of... methanesulfonate. (d) Test method—(1) Principle. Generally, male animals are exposed to the test substance and... female in the treated group over the dead implants per female in the control group reflects the post...

40 CFR 798.5450 - Rodent dominant lethal assay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... germinal tissue of the test species. Dominant lethals are generally accepted to be the result of... methanesulfonate. (d) Test method—(1) Principle. Generally, male animals are exposed to the test substance and... female in the treated group over the dead implants per female in the control group reflects the post...

76 FR 38170 - Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Testing; Receipt of Test Data

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-29

... photographic identification, pass through a metal detector, and sign the EPA visitor log. All visitor bags are processed through an X-ray machine and subject to search. Visitors will be provided an EPA/DC badge that...

Evaluating a selective prevention program for substance use and comorbid behavioral problems in adolescents with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Schijven, Esmée P; Engels, Rutger C M E; Kleinjan, Marloes; Poelen, Evelien A P

2015-07-22

Substance use and abuse is a growing problem among adolescents with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities (ID). Substance use patterns in general population are similar to patterns among non-disabled peers, but substance use has more negative consequences for adolescents with mild to borderline ID, and they are at an increased risk for developing a substance use disorder. Nevertheless, effective and evidence based prevention programs for this groups are lacking. The study described in this protocol tested the effectiveness of a selective intervention aimed at reducing substance use in adolescents with mild to borderline ID and behavioral problems. In the intervention, participants acquire competences to deal with their high-risk personality traits. A randomized controlled trial will be conducted among 14-21-year old adolescents with mild to borderline ID and behavioral problems admitted to treatment facilities in the Netherlands. Inclusion criteria are previous substance use and personality risk for substance use. Participants will be individually randomized to the intervention (n = 70) or control (n = 70) groups. The intervention group will be exposed to six individual sessions and five group sessions carried out by two qualified trainers over six-week period. Primary outcomes will be the percentage reduction in substance use (for alcohol: percentage decrease of binge drinking, weekly use and problematic use, for cannabis: the percentage decrease of lifetime cannabis use and weekly use and for hard drug: the percentage decrease of lifetime use). Secondary outcomes will be motives for substance use, intention to use, and internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems. All outcome measures will be assessed after two, six, and twelve months after the intervention. This study protocol describes the design of an effectiveness study of a selective prevention program for substance use in adolescents with mild to borderline ID and behavioral problems. We expect a significant reduction in alcohol, cannabis and hard drug use among adolescents in the intervention group compared with the control group. This trial is registered in the Dutch Trial Register (Cochrane Collaboration) as NTR5037 registered at 15 April 2015.

Effectiveness and benefit-cost of peer-based workplace substance abuse prevention coupled with random testing.

PubMed

Miller, Ted R; Zaloshnja, Eduard; Spicer, Rebecca S

2007-05-01

Few studies have evaluated the impact of workplace substance abuse prevention programs on occupational injury, despite this being a justification for these programs. This paper estimates the effectiveness and benefit-cost ratio of a peer-based substance abuse prevention program at a U.S. transportation company, implemented in phases from 1988 to 1990. The program focuses on changing workplace attitudes toward on-the-job substance use in addition to training workers to recognize and intervene with coworkers who have a problem. The program was strengthened by federally mandated random drug and alcohol testing (implemented, respectively, in 1990 and 1994). With time-series analysis, we analyzed the association of monthly injury rates and costs with phased program implementation, controlling for industry injury trend. The combination of the peer-based program and testing was associated with an approximate one-third reduction in injury rate, avoiding an estimated $48 million in employer costs in 1999. That year, the peer-based program cost the company $35 and testing cost another $35 per employee. The program avoided an estimated $1850 in employer injury costs per employee in 1999, corresponding to a benefit-cost ratio of 26:1. The findings suggest that peer-based programs buttressed by random testing can be cost-effective in the workplace.

Treatment of Concurrent Substance Dependence, Child Neglect and Domestic Violence: A Single Case Examination Involving Family Behavior Therapy

PubMed Central

Romero, Valerie; Allen, Daniel N.

2012-01-01

Although child neglect and substance abuse co-occur in greater than 60% of child protective service cases, intervention outcome studies are deplorably lacking. Therefore, a home-based Family Behavior Therapy is described in the treatment of a woman evidencing child neglect, substance dependence, domestic violence and other co-occurring problems. Treatment included contingency management, self control, stimulus control, communication and child management skills training exercises, and financial management components. Results indicated improvements in child abuse potential, home hazards, domestic violence, and drug use, which were substantiated by objective urinalysis testing, and tours of her home. Validity checks indicated the participant was being truthful in her responses to standardized questionnaires, and assessors were “blind” to study intent. Limitations (i.e., lack of experimental control and follow-up data collection) of this case example are discussed in light of these results. PMID:23226920

40 CFR 799.9539 - TSCA mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... randomly assigned to the control and treatment groups. The animals are identified uniquely. The animals are... substance, animals in the control groups should be handled in an identical manner to animals of the treatment groups. (2) Positive controls shall produce micronuclei in vivo at exposure levels expected to...

40 CFR 799.9539 - TSCA mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... randomly assigned to the control and treatment groups. The animals are identified uniquely. The animals are... substance, animals in the control groups should be handled in an identical manner to animals of the treatment groups. (2) Positive controls shall produce micronuclei in vivo at exposure levels expected to...

40 CFR 799.9539 - TSCA mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... randomly assigned to the control and treatment groups. The animals are identified uniquely. The animals are... substance, animals in the control groups should be handled in an identical manner to animals of the treatment groups. (2) Positive controls shall produce micronuclei in vivo at exposure levels expected to...

Impact of prescription drug-monitoring program on controlled substance prescribing in the ED.

PubMed

McAllister, Matthew W; Aaronson, Patrick; Spillane, Joe; Schreiber, Mark; Baroso, Genelyn; Kraemer, Dale; Smotherman, Carmen; Gray-Eurom, Kelly

2015-06-01

In 2009, Florida initiated a statewide prescription drug-monitoring program (PDMP) to encourage safer prescribing of controlled substances and reduce drug abuse and diversion. Data supporting the utility of such programs in the emergency department (ED) is scarce. This study sought to determine the effect of PDMP data on controlled substance prescribing from the ED. In this pre-post study utilizing a historical control, pharmacists in the ED provided prescribers with a summary of the PDMP data for their patients. The number of controlled substances prescribed in the intervention group was compared with that prescribed in the historical control to determine if the intervention resulted in a change in the average number of controlled substance prescribed. Among the 710 patients evaluated, providing prescribers with PDMP data did not alter the average number of controlled substance per patient prescribed (0.23 controlled substances per patient in the historical control compared with 0.28 controlled substances per patient in the intervention group; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.016 to 0.116; P = .125). All prescribers surveyed indicated that having PDMP data altered their controlled substance prescribing and felt more comfortable prescribing controlled substances. Although the results did not demonstrate a change in the average number of controlled substances prescribed when prescribers were provided with PDMP data, results from the survey indicate that prescribers felt the data altered their prescribing of controlled substances, and thus were more contented prescribing controlled substances. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

22 CFR 1008.610 - Controlled substance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Controlled substance. 1008.610 Section 1008.610 Foreign Relations INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 1008.610 Controlled substance. Controlled substance means a controlled substance in...

22 CFR 312.610 - Controlled substance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Controlled substance. 312.610 Section 312.610 Foreign Relations PEACE CORPS GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 312.610 Controlled substance. Controlled substance means a controlled substance in schedules I...

Effects of aerosol-vapor JP-8 jet fuel on the functional observational battery, and learning and memory in the rat.

PubMed

Baldwin, C M; Houston, F P; Podgornik, M N; Young, R S; Barnes, C A; Witten, M L

2001-01-01

To determine whether JP-8 jet fuel affects parameters of the Functional Observational Battery (FOB), visual discrimination, or spatial learning and memory, the authors exposed groups of male Fischer Brown Norway hybrid rats for 28 d to aerosol/vapor-delivered JP-8, or to JP-8 followed by 15 min of aerosolized substance P analogue, or to sham-confined fresh room air. Behavioral testing was accomplished with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Functional Observational Battery. The authors used the Morris swim task to test visual and spatial learning and memory testing. The spatial test included examination of memory for the original target location following 15 d of JP-8 exposure, as well as a 3-d new target location learning paradigm implemented the day that followed the final day of exposure. Only JP-8 exposed animals had significant weight loss by the 2nd week of exposure compared with JP-8 with substance P and control rats; this finding compares with those of prior studies of JP-8 jet fuel. Rats exposed to JP-8 with or without substance P exhibited significantly greater rearing and less grooming behavior over time than did controls during Functional Observational Battery open-field testing. Exposed rats also swam significantly faster than controls during the new target location training and testing, thus supporting the increased activity noted during Functional Observational Battery testing. There were no significant differences between the exposed and control groups' performances during acquisition, retention, or learning of the new platform location in either the visual discrimination or spatial version of the Morris swim task. The data suggest that although visual discrimination and spatial learning and memory were not disrupted by JP-8 exposure, arousal indices and activity measures were distinctly different in these animals.

45 CFR 1155.610 - Controlled substance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Controlled substance. 1155.610 Section 1155.610 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE... ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 1155.610 Controlled substance. Controlled substance means a controlled substance in...

A Simple Approach for Molecular Controlled Release based on Atomic Layer Deposition Hybridized Organic-Inorganic Layers

PubMed Central

Boehler, Christian; Güder, Firat; Kücükbayrak, Umut M.; Zacharias, Margit; Asplund, Maria

2016-01-01

On-demand release of bioactive substances with high spatial and temporal control offers ground-breaking possibilities in the field of life sciences. However, available strategies for developing such release systems lack the possibility of combining efficient control over release with adequate storage capability in a reasonably compact system. In this study we present a new approach to target this deficiency by the introduction of a hybrid material. This organic-inorganic material was fabricated by atomic layer deposition of ZnO into thin films of polyethylene glycol, forming the carrier matrix for the substance to be released. Sub-surface growth mechanisms during this process converted the liquid polymer into a solid, yet water-soluble, phase. This layer permits extended storage for various substances within a single film of only a few micrometers in thickness, and hence demands minimal space and complexity. Improved control over release of the model substance Fluorescein was achieved by coating the hybrid material with a conducting polymer film. Single dosage and repetitive dispensing from this system was demonstrated. Release was controlled by applying a bias potential of ±0.5 V to the polymer film enabling or respectively suppressing the expulsion of the model drug. In vitro tests showed excellent biocompatibility of the presented system. PMID:26791399

Dibasic Esters; Final Enforceable Consent Agreement and Testing Consent Order

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Under section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), EPA has issued a testing consent order (Order) that incorporates an enforceable consent agreement (ECA) with the Aceto Corporation, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, and Solutia Inc.

40 CFR 158.120 - Determining data requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... requirements for biochemical and microbial pest control agents are contained and are described separately...; PAIRA = pure active ingredient, radiolabeled; Choice = choice of several test substances depending on... down the appropriate general use pattern column in the table and note which tests are required (R...

40 CFR 158.120 - Determining data requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... requirements for biochemical and microbial pest control agents are contained and are described separately...; PAIRA = pure active ingredient, radiolabeled; Choice = choice of several test substances depending on... down the appropriate general use pattern column in the table and note which tests are required (R...

40 CFR 158.120 - Determining data requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... requirements for biochemical and microbial pest control agents are contained and are described separately...; PAIRA = pure active ingredient, radiolabeled; Choice = choice of several test substances depending on... down the appropriate general use pattern column in the table and note which tests are required (R...

40 CFR 158.120 - Determining data requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... requirements for biochemical and microbial pest control agents are contained and are described separately...; PAIRA = pure active ingredient, radiolabeled; Choice = choice of several test substances depending on... down the appropriate general use pattern column in the table and note which tests are required (R...

40 CFR 158.120 - Determining data requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... requirements for biochemical and microbial pest control agents are contained and are described separately...; PAIRA = pure active ingredient, radiolabeled; Choice = choice of several test substances depending on... down the appropriate general use pattern column in the table and note which tests are required (R...

Intervention to Increase HIV Testing Among Substance-Using Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Stephenson, Rob; Bonar, Erin E; Carrico, Adam; Hunter, Alexis; Connochie, Daniel; Himmelstein, Rebecca; Bauermeister, Jose

2018-04-30

Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and transgender people in the Detroit Metro Area are the only risk group for whom the incidence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) has increased since 2000, with HIV incidence nearly doubling among youth. Substance use (including alcohol), which is relatively frequent among YMSM and transgender people, creates barriers to the optimal delivery of HIV prevention and care services. Standard HIV counseling, testing, and referral (CTR) is limited in providing strategies to identify and address substance use. Hence, in its current form, CTR may not be serving the prevention needs of substance-using YMSM and transgender people. Brief counseling interventions, grounded in principles of motivational interviewing, may offer a mechanism to meet the HIV prevention and care needs of substance-using YMSM and transgender people. This prospective, 4-arm, factorial randomized controlled trial aims to examine the efficacy of an motivational interviewing-based substance use brief intervention (SUBI) on participants' substance use and engagement in HIV prevention. The research implements a prospective randomized controlled trial (Project Swerve) of 600 YMSM and transgender people recruited both online and in person. Eligibility criteria include participants who (1) are between the ages of 15 to 29 years, (2) live in the Detroit Metro Area, (3) self-identify as a man or transgender man or woman, (4) have had sexual contact with a man in the 6 months before enrollment, (5) self-report binge drinking or any substance use in the 3 months before enrollment, and (6) self-report an unknown or negative HIV status upon enrollment. Participants are randomized to receive, 3-months apart starting at baseline, 2 individual sessions. Sessions are CTR-only, SUBI-only, CTR followed by SUBI, or SUBI followed by CTR. Project Swerve was launched in April 2017 and enrollment is ongoing. Incorporating a SUBI that utilizes the principles of motivational interviewing into HIV CTR provides an opportunity to tailor counseling services for YMSM and transgender people to address additional client barriers to HIV and STI testing. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02945436; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02945436 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6yFyOK57w). ©Rob Stephenson, Erin E Bonar, Adam Carrico, Alexis Hunter, Daniel Connochie, Rebecca Himmelstein, Jose Bauermeister. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 30.04.2018.

77 FR 45688 - Electronic Prescriptions for Controlled Substances Notice of Approved Certification Process

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-01

... Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, often referred to as the Controlled Substances Act... substances, particularly Schedule II controlled substances, which have a significant potential for abuse... Prescriptions for Controlled Substances Notice of Approved Certification Process AGENCY: Drug Enforcement...

Does Problem Behavior Elicit Poor Parenting?: A Prospective Study of Adolescent Girls

PubMed Central

Huh, David; Tristan, Jennifer; Wade, Emily; Stice, Eric

2006-01-01

This study tested the hypothesis that perceived parenting would show reciprocal relations with adolescents' problem behavior using longitudinal data from 496 adolescent girls. Results provided support for the assertion that female problem behavior has an adverse effect on parenting; elevated externalizing symptoms and substance abuse symptoms predicted future decreases in perceived parental support and control. There was less support for the assertion that parenting deficits foster adolescent problem behaviors; initially low parental control predicted future increases in substance abuse, but not externalizing symptoms, and low parental support did not predict future increases in externalizing or substance abuse symptoms. Results suggest that problem behavior is a more consistent predictor of parenting than parenting is of problem behavior, at least for girls during middle adolescence. PMID:16528407

Prospective Effects of Parenting on Substance Use and Problems Across Asian/Pacific Islander and European American Youth: Tests of Moderated Mediation.

PubMed

Luk, Jeremy W; King, Kevin M; McCarty, Carolyn A; McCauley, Elizabeth; Vander Stoep, Ann

2017-07-01

Parental warmth and knowledge are protective factors against substance use, whereas parental psychological control is a risk factor. However, the interpretation of parenting and its effects on developmental outcomes may vary cross-culturally. This study examined direct and indirect effects of three parenting dimensions on substance use across Asian/Pacific Islander (API) and European Americans. A community sample of 97 API and 255 European Americans were followed from Grades 6 to 12. Participants reported on parenting in Grade 7, academic achievement and externalizing behaviors in Grades 7 and 8, and substance use behaviors in Grades 7, 9, and 12. Direct effects of parenting were not moderated by race. Overall, mother psychological control was a risk factor for substance use problems in Grade 9, whereas father knowledge was protective against alcohol use in Grade 9, substance use problems in Grades 9 and 12, and alcohol dependence in Grade 12. Moderated mediation analyses indicated significant mediational links among European Americans only: Mother knowledge predicted fewer externalizing problems in Grade 8, which in turn predicted fewer substance use problems in Grades 9 and 12. Father warmth predicted better academic achievement in Grade 8, which in turn predicted fewer substance use problems in Grades 9 and 12, as well as alcohol and marijuana dependence in Grade 12. Better academic achievement and fewer externalizing behaviors explain how positive parenting reduces substance use risk among European Americans. Promoting father knowledge of adolescents' whereabouts can reduce substance use risk among both European and API Americans.

Concurrent and Prospective Associations Between Substance-Specific Parenting Practices and Child Cigarette, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use.

PubMed

Bailey, Jennifer A; Epstein, Marina; Steeger, Christine M; Hill, Karl G

2018-06-01

The current study aimed to understand whether substance-specific parenting practices predicted the probability of child alcohol, cigarette, or marijuana use beyond known family factors like family management and parental substance use and norms. Data were drawn from the Intergenerational Project, which used an accelerated longitudinal design and included 383 families surveyed seven times between 2002 and 2011. Analyses included 224 families with children ages 10-18 years (49% female). Multilevel models tested both concurrent and lagged (predictors at time t - 1, outcomes at time t) associations between child past year use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana and time-varying measures of substance-specific parenting practices, including permitting child use of alcohol or cigarettes; family rules about alcohol, cigarette, and drug use; and child involvement in family member alcohol or cigarette use (getting, opening, or pouring alcoholic drinks; getting or lighting cigarettes for family members). Demographic controls were included. Child involvement in family member substance use predicted an increased probability of child substance use both concurrently and 1 year later, even when controlling parent substance use, pro-substance norms, and family management. Family rules about substance use and parent provision of alcohol or cigarettes were not consistently related to child alcohol, cigarette, or marijuana use. Family-based preventive interventions to reduce youth substance use should continue to focus on family management and include messaging discouraging parents from allowing children to get, open, or pour drinks or get or light cigarettes for family members. Copyright © 2017 The Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Substance use disorder and ADHD: is ADHD a particularly "specific" risk factor?

PubMed

Kousha, Maryam; Shahrivar, Zahra; Alaghband-Rad, Javad

2012-05-01

To assess the pattern of substance use disorder (SUD) in adolescents with and without history of attention - deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using an Iranian sample in the context of a cultural background and drug availability is differing from Western countries. In this case- control study, the participants were interviewed by a child psychiatrist and the measures included: kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for school age children (K-SADS), Opium Treatment Index (OTI) and Global Assessment Functioning (GAF). Data were analyzed with chi square test and T test and fisher exact test by EPI.6 soft ware. Adolescents with ADHD were younger at the time of starting cigarette smoking, substance use, abuse and dependency (p = 0.0001), a shorter period between their first-time substance use and substance dependence or abuse (p = 0.0001), more severe substance use (for cannabis, heroine, cigarette and drugs such as benzodiazepines p < 0.05) and more functional impairment (p = 0.0007). Average number of co morbid disorders were higher in ADHD group. (p = 0.03) Although the pattern and type of substance use may be different in Iranian culture, our findings about the relationship between ADHD and SUD are similar to other western and non western countries. The presence of ADHD may over-ride cultural barriers and lower availability of drugs to the development of SUD in Iranian adolescents. Early diagnosis and treatment of ADHD may propose with better prognosis of SUD and subsequent decrease in the prevalence of SUD and the costs of SUD-related pathology in this population.

PROMOTING SUPPORTIVE PARENTING IN NEW MOTHERS WITH SUBSTANCE-USE PROBLEMS: A PILOT RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT PLUS AN ATTACHMENT-BASED PARENTING PROGRAM

PubMed Central

BERLIN, LISA J.; SHANAHAN, MEGHAN; CARMODY, KAREN APPLEYARD

2015-01-01

This pilot randomized trial tested the feasibility and efficacy of supplementing residential substance-abuse treatment for new mothers with a brief, yet rigorous, attachment-based parenting program. Twenty-one predominantly (86%) White mothers and their infants living together in residential substance-abuse treatment were randomly assigned to the program (n = 11) or control (n = 10) group. Program mothers received 10 home-based sessions of Dozier’s Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC) intervention. Postintervention observations revealed more supportive parenting behaviors among the randomly assigned ABC mothers. PMID:25424409

Availability of HIV-related health services in adolescent substance abuse treatment programs.

PubMed

Knudsen, H K; Oser, C B

2009-10-01

Given that alcohol and drug abuse heightens the risk of adolescents acquiring HIV, substance abuse treatment programs for youths may represent an important site of HIV prevention. In this research, we explored the adoption of three HIV-related health services: risk assessment during intake, HIV prevention programing, and HIV testing. Data were collection through telephone interviews with 149 managers of adolescent-only substance abuse treatment programs in the USA. About half of these programs had adopted HIV risk assessment and HIV prevention. On-site HIV testing was less widely adopted, with only one in four programs offering this service. At the bivariate level, the availability of on-site primary medical care and the availability of an overnight level of care were positively associated with these three types of services. The association for the measure of an overnight level of care was no longer significant once medical services were controlled. However, in a separate analysis, it was found that programs offering an overnight level of care were much more likely to offer on-site medical care than outpatient-only facilities. There was also evidence that publicly funded treatment programs were more likely to offer HIV prevention and on-site HIV testing, after controlling for other organizational characteristics. Much more research about the adoption of HIV-related services in adolescent substance abuse treatment is needed, particularly to offer greater insight into why certain types of organizations are more likely to adopt these health services.

40 CFR 792.15 - Inspection of a testing facility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Inspection of a testing facility. 792.15 Section 792.15 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS General Provisions § 792.15 Inspection...

Review: Endogenously Produced Volatiles for In Vitro Toxicity Testing Using Cell Lines

EPA Science Inventory

Due to the approximately 86,000 chemicals registered under the Toxic Substances Control Act and increasing ethical concerns regarding animal testing, it is not economically or technically feasible to screen every registered chemical for toxicity using animal-based toxicity assays...

40 CFR 160.195 - Retention of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., terminated, or discontinued. (c) Wet specimens, samples of test, control, or reference substances, and... storage, shall be retained only as long as the quality of the preparation affords evaluation. Specimens obtained from mutagenicity tests, specimens of soil, water, and plants, and wet specimens of blood, urine...

Implementation outcomes of Multidimensional Family Therapy-Detention to Community: a reintegration program for drug-using juvenile detainees.

PubMed

Liddle, Howard A; Dakof, Gayle A; Henderson, Craig; Rowe, Cindy

2011-06-01

Responding to urgent calls for effective interventions to address young offenders' multiple and interconnected problems, a new variant of an existing empirically-validated intervention for drug-using adolescents, Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT)-Detention to Community (DTC) was tested in a two-site controlled trial. This article (a) outlines the rationale and protocol basics of the MDFT-DTC intervention, a program for substance-using juvenile offenders that links justice and substance abuse treatment systems to facilitate adolescents' post-detention community reintegration; (b) presents implementation outcomes, including fidelity, treatment engagement and retention rates, amount of services received, treatment satisfaction, and substance abuse-juvenile justice system collaboration outcomes; and (c) details the implementation and sustainability challenges in a cross-system (substance abuse treatment and juvenile justice) adolescent intervention. Findings support the effectiveness of the MDFT-DTC intervention, and the need to develop a full implementation model in which transfer and dissemination issues could be explored more fully, and tested experimentally.

Role of drug testing as an early warning programme: the experience of the Republic of Korea.

PubMed

Chung, Heesun

2005-01-01

Drug testing plays an important role in the provision of information to health authorities on trends in drug abuse. In the Republic of Korea, the testing of urine and postmortem specimens has been used as part of a programme to monitor and control the abuse of non-controlled drugs, i.e., substances that were not originally included in the lists of controlled substances in that country. Zipeprol, dextromethorphan, carisoprodol and nalbuphine are examples of such drugs, which are widely used as medicines. Increasing levels of abuse of these drugs, including abuse that resulted in fatalities, were confirmed in the Republic of Korea by the results of drug testing. Based on the accumulated data from postmortem specimens, the health authorities in the Republic of Korea subsequently introduced controls on these drugs. A significant drop in fatalities related to the abuse of these non-controlled drugs underlined the importance of timely action for improving community health. In the context of drug testing, the analysis of non-controlled and new drugs always presents a scientific challenge, because specific analytical methods for testing for those drugs are not available. In the Republic of Korea, as part of the drug abuse warning programme, it was necessary to establish methods for the detection and quantification in biological fluids of all four non-controlled drugs and their metabolites in order to monitor the trends in drug abuse. The present paper puts forward epidemiological and clinical data on abuse and fatalities associated with zipeprol, dextromethorphan, carisoprodol and nalbuphine, as well as details of the analytical methods developed.

The sensitivity and reproducibility of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo test for the screening of waste water quality and for testing the toxicity of chemicals.

PubMed

Lahnsteiner, Franz

2008-07-01

The sensitivity of the zebrafish embryo test, a test proposed for routine waste water control, was compared with the acute fish toxicity test, in the determination of six types of waste water and ten different chemicals. The waste water was sampled from the following industrial processes: paper and cardboard production, hide tanning, metal galvanisation, carcass treatment and utilisation, and sewage treatment. The chemicals tested were: dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulphoxide, cadmium chloride, cyclohexane, hydroquinone, mercuric chloride, nickel chloride, nonylphenol, resmethrin and sodium nitrite. For many of the test substances, the zebrafish embryo test and the acute fish toxicity test results showed high correlations. However, there were certain environmentally-relevant substances for which the results of the zebrafish embryo test and the acute fish toxicity test differed significantly, up to 10,000-fold (Hg(2+) > 150-fold difference; NO(2)(-) > 300-fold; Cd(2+) > 200-fold; resmethrin > 10,000-fold). For the investigated waste water samples and chemicals, the survival rate of the zebrafish embryos showed high variations between different egg samples, within the range of the EC50 concentration. Subsequently, 5-6 parallel assays were deemed to be the appropriate number necessary for the precise evaluation of the toxicity of the test substances. Also, it was found that the sensitivities of different ontogenetic stages to chemical exposure differed greatly. During the first 12 hours after fertilisation (4-cell stage to the 5-somite stage), the embryos reacted most sensitively to test substance exposure, whereas the later ontogenetic stages showed only slight or no response, indicating that the test is most sensitive during the first 24 hours post-fertilisation.

Playing video games while using or feeling the effects of substances: associations with substance use problems.

PubMed

Ream, Geoffrey L; Elliott, Luther C; Dunlap, Eloise

2011-10-01

This study tested the hypothesis that playing video games while using or feeling the effects of a substance--referred to herein as "concurrent use"-is related to substance use problems after controlling for substance use frequency, video gaming as an enthusiastic hobby, and demographic factors. Data were drawn from a nationally representative online survey of adult video gamers conducted by Knowledge Networks, valid n = 2,885. Problem video game playing behavior was operationalized using Tejeiro Salguero and Bersabé Morán's 2002 problem video game play (PVP) measure, and measures for substance use problems were taken from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Separate structural equation modeling analyses were conducted for users of caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana. In all four models, concurrent use was directly associated with substance use problems, but not with PVP. Video gaming as an enthusiastic hobby was associated with substance use problems via two indirect paths: through PVP for all substances, and through concurrent use for caffeine, tobacco, and alcohol only. Results illustrate the potential for "drug interaction" between self-reinforcing behaviors and addictive substances, with implications for the development of problem use.

Examining the association of abortion history and current mental health: A reanalysis of the National Comorbidity Survey using a common-risk-factors model.

PubMed

Steinberg, Julia R; Finer, Lawrence B

2011-01-01

Using the US National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), Coleman, Coyle, Shuping, and Rue (2009) published an analysis indicating that compared to women who had never had an abortion, women who had reported an abortion were at an increased risk of several anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders. Here, we show that those results are not replicable. That is, using the same data, sample, and codes as indicated by those authors, it is not possible to replicate the simple bivariate statistics testing the relationship of ever having had an abortion to each mental health disorder when no factors were controlled for in analyses (Table 2 in Coleman et al., 2009). Furthermore, among women with prior pregnancies in the NCS, we investigated whether having zero, one, or multiple abortions (abortion history) was associated with having a mood, anxiety, or substance use disorder at the time of the interview. In doing this, we tested two competing frameworks: the abortion-as-trauma versus the common-risk-factors approach. Our results support the latter framework. In the bivariate context when no other factors were included in models, abortion history was not related to having a mood disorder, but it was related to having an anxiety or substance use disorder. When prior mental health and violence experience were controlled in our models, no significant relation was found between abortion history and anxiety disorders. When these same risk factors and other background factors were controlled, women who had multiple abortions remained at an increased risk of having a substance use disorder compared to women who had no abortions, likely because we were unable to control for other risk factors associated with having an abortion and substance use. Policy, practice, and research should focus on assisting women at greatest risk of having unintended pregnancies and having poor mental health-those with violence in their lives and prior mental health problems. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cognitive impairments in poly-drug ketamine users.

PubMed

Liang, H J; Lau, C G; Tang, A; Chan, F; Ungvari, G S; Tang, W K

2013-11-01

Cognitive impairment has been found to be reversible in people with substance abuse, particularly those using ketamine. Ketamine users are often poly-substance users. This study compared the cognitive functions of current and former ketamine users who were also abusing other psychoactive substances with those of non-users of illicit drugs as controls. One hundred ketamine poly-drug users and 100 controls were recruited. Drug users were divided into current (n = 32) and ex-users (n = 64) according to the duration of abstinence from ketamine (>30 days). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADSA) and the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) were used to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms and the severity of drug use, respectively. The cognitive test battery comprised verbal memory (Wechsler Memory Scale III: Logic Memory and Word List), visual memory (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, ROCF), executive function (Stroop, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Modified Verbal Fluency Test), working memory (Digit Span Backward), and general intelligence (Information, Arithmetic and Digit-Symbol Coding) tests. Current users had higher BDI and HADSA scores than ex-users (p < 0.001 for BDI and p = 0.022 for HADSA) and controls (p < 0.001 for BDI and p = 0.002 for HADSA). Ex-users had higher BDI (p = 0.006) but equal HADSA scores (p = 1.000) compared to controls. Both current and ex-users had lower scores on Logical Memory delayed recall (p = 0.038 for current users and p = 0.032 for ex-users) and ROCF delayed recall (p = 0.033 for current users and p = 0.014 for ex-users) than controls. Current users also performed worse on ROCF recognition than controls (p = 0.002). No difference was found between the cognitive functions of current and ex-users. Ketamine poly-drug users displayed predominantly verbal and visual memory impairments, which persisted in ex-users. The interactive effect of ketamine and poly-drug use on memory needs further investigation. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Increased Resilience is Associated with Positive Treatment Outcomes for Veterans with Comorbid PTSD and Substance Use Disorders.

PubMed

McGuire, Adam P; Mota, Natalie P; Sippel, Lauren M; Connolly, Kevin M; Lyons, Judith A

2018-04-18

Resilience has been associated with less severe psychiatric symptomatology and better treatment outcomes among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders. However, it remains unknown whether resilience increases during psychotherapy within the comorbid PTSD and substance use disorder population with unique features of dual diagnosis, including trauma cue-related cravings. We tested whether veterans seeking psychotherapy for comorbid PTSD and substance use disorder reported increased resilience from pre- to posttreatment. We also tested whether increased resilience was associated with greater decreases in posttreatment PTSD and substance use disorder symptoms. Participants were 29 male veterans (M age = 49.07 years, SD = 11.24 years) receiving six-week residential day treatment including cognitive processing therapy for PTSD and cognitive behavioral therapy for substance use disorder. Resilience, PTSD symptoms, and trauma cue-related cravings were assessed at pre- and posttreatment. Veterans reported a large, significant increase in resilience posttreatment (M diff = 14.24, t = -4.22, p < .001, d = 0.74). Greater increases in resilience were significantly associated with fewer PTSD symptoms (β = -0.37, p = .049, sr = -.36) and trauma-cued cravings (β = -0.39, p = .006, sr = -.38) posttreatment when controlling for pretreatment scores and baseline depressive symptoms. Results suggest that evidence-based psychotherapy for comorbid PTSD and substance use disorder may facilitate strength-based psychological growth, which may further promote sustained recovery.

Tourette syndrome and excitatory substances: is there a connection?

PubMed

Zou, Li-Ping; Wang, Ying; Zhang, Li-Ping; Zhao, Jian-Bo; Lu, Jin-Fang; Liu, Qun; Wang, Hang-Yan

2011-05-01

The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between excitatory substances by testing the urine in children with Tourette syndrome (TS). We performed a control study involving 44 patients with TS and 44 normal children by investigating the children's daily eating habits. We used the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer and liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer from Agilent. Substances for detection included 197 excitatory substances prohibited by the International Olympic Committee and other substances with similar chemical structures or biological functions for urine samples. Forty-four patients who did not take any drugs in the past 2 weeks enrolled in the study. The positive rate in the experiment group was three cases, while it was negative in the control group. The level of 1-testosterone increased in one extremely severe TS patient who ate large amounts of puffed food and drank an average of 350 ml of cola per day. Cathine and other substances with similar chemical constitution or similar biological effects increased in one severe TS patient who ate bags of instant noodles daily, according to the high score of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. An increase in ephedrine type, testosterone, and stimulants may be related to the pathogenesis of TS. Unhealthy food possibly causes TS. The relationship between excitatory substances and TS needs to be explored with the goal of providing more information on diagnosing and treating TS.

Impaired Decision-Making, Higher Impulsivity, and Drug Severity in Substance Dependence and Pathological Gambling.

PubMed

Krmpotich, Theodore; Mikulich-Gilbertson, Susan; Sakai, Joseph; Thompson, Laetitia; Banich, Marie T; Tanabe, Jody

2015-01-01

Substance use disorder is characterized by impaired decision making, impulsivity, and risk taking. Pathological gambling shares many of these characteristics, and having both diagnoses may be associated with greater problems than either diagnosis alone. We investigated whether among substance-dependent individuals, comorbid pathological gambling would be associated with worse decision making, greater impulsivity, risk taking, and drug severity. Ninety-six substance-dependent individuals were recruited from a residential treatment program and divided into 1 of the 2 groups depending on whether they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria for pathological gambling (SDPG, n = 26) or not (SD, n = 70). Ninety-two controls were recruited from the community. Participants completed a decision-making task (modified Iowa Gambling Task), measures of impulsivity (Barratt Impulsivity Scale and Delay Discounting), and risk taking (Balloon Analog Risk Task). Decision making was analyzed using a computational model. We tested for group differences using analysis of covariance or Kruskal-Wallis and appropriate post-hoc tests. The groups differed in decision-making parameters (P < 0.001) and self-reported impulsivity (P < 0.001). All post-hoc comparisons were significant on these measures, and indicated stepwise changes in controls, followed by SD, followed by SDPG, with SDPG performing worse on decision making and being more impulsive. Compared with SD, SDPG had greater drug severity (P < 0.001). No group differences were observed in delay discounting or risk taking. Compared with individuals with substance dependence without pathological gambling, those with both disorders demonstrated worse decision making and significantly more drug-related symptoms. When evaluating patients with substance dependence, clinicians should consider diagnostic assessments for gambling, as the co-occurrence of both disorders may impact clinical characteristics.

10 CFR 607.610 - Controlled substance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Controlled substance. 607.610 Section 607.610 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 607.610 Controlled substance. Controlled substance means a controlled...

20 CFR 439.610 - Controlled substance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Controlled substance. 439.610 Section 439.610 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 439.610 Controlled substance. Controlled substance means a controlled...

22 CFR 1509.610 - Controlled substance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Controlled substance. 1509.610 Section 1509.610 Foreign Relations AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 1509.610 Controlled substance. Controlled substance means a controlled...

Substance abuse: a national survey of Canadian residency program directors and site chiefs at university-affiliated anesthesia departments.

PubMed

Boulis, Sherif; Khanduja, P Kristina; Downey, Kristi; Friedman, Zeev

2015-09-01

The abuse of substances available to anesthesiologists in their workspace is a potentially lethal occupational hazard. Our primary objective was to define the prevalence of substance abuse cases among Canadian anesthesiologists at university-affiliated hospitals. Our secondary aim was to describe the current management of confirmed cases, rehabilitation procedures being offered, and preventative strategies being employed. We conducted a cross-sectional electronic survey of all Canadian anesthesia residency program directors and site chiefs at university-affiliated hospitals. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. The survey response rate was 54% (53/98). Substance abuse was reported as 1.6% for residents and 0.3% for clinical fellows over a ten-year period ending in June 2014. Fentanyl was abused in nine of 24 reported cases. At present, one of 22 respondents (4.5%) reported a formal education program on substance abuse for faculty members, and 72% described mandatory education for residents. The majority of participants did not perceive substance abuse as a growing problem. Seventy-one percent of respondents indicated that methods for controlled-drug handling had changed in the previous ten years; however, 66% did not think that the incidence of controlled substance abuse could be decreased further by more stringent measures. Only 21% of respondents supported the introduction of random urine drug testing. The prevalence of substance abuse among Canadian anesthesiologists and the substances abused appear comparable with data from the United States, with residents being the group most often affected. Early recognition and treatment of chemically dependent anesthesiologists remain imperfect.

Regulation of Controlled Substance Prescribing: An Overview for Certified Nurse-Midwives and Certified Midwives.

PubMed

Osborne, Kathryn

2017-05-01

In addition to the regulation of prescriptive authority and prescribing practices conducted by individual states, the prescription of controlled substances is also regulated at the federal level by the US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). While there are variations in state laws relative to controlled substance prescribing, federal law is uniform across states as established by the Controlled Substances Act (21 United States Code § 801-890) and the DEA Regulations (Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations). The only controlled substance for which states have authorized use that is outside the regulations set forth in the Controlled Substances Act is marijuana for the treatment of certain medical conditions. A review of statutes and administrative rules for all 50 states and the District of Columbia revealed that certified midwives (CMs) are authorized to prescribe controlled substances only in the state of New York, and there are variations across states in the regulation of controlled substance prescribing by certified nurse-midwives (CNMs). The purpose of this article is to examine the federal regulation of controlled substance prescribing by the US DEA and common variations in state regulations relative to controlled substance prescribing. © 2017 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives.

29 CFR 801.21 - Adverse employment action under security service and controlled substance exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... current employee or prospective employee based solely on the analysis of a polygraph test chart or the refusal to take a polygraph test. (b) Analysis of a polygraph test chart or refusal to take a polygraph..., job performance, etc. may be used as a basis for employment decisions. Employment decisions based on...

34 CFR 84.610 - Controlled substance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Controlled substance. 84.610 Section 84.610 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 84.610 Controlled substance. Controlled substance means a controlled...

Antenatal substance misuse and smoking and newborn hypoxic challenge response.

PubMed

Ali, Kamal; Rossor, Thomas; Bhat, Ravindra; Wolff, Kim; Hannam, Simon; Rafferty, Gerrard F; Peacock, Janet L; Greenough, Anne

2016-03-01

Infants of smoking (S) and substance misusing (SM) mothers have an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that infants of SM or S mothers compared with infants of non-SM, non-smoking mothers (controls) would have a poorer ventilatory response to hypoxia, which was particularly marked in the SM infants. Physiological study. Tertiary perinatal centre. 21 SM; 21 S and 19 control infants. Infants were assessed before maternity/neonatal unit discharge. Maternal and infant urine samples were tested for cotinine, cannabinoids, opiates, amphetamines, methadone, cocaine and benzodiazepines. During quiet sleep, the infants were switched from breathing room air to 15% oxygen and changes in minute volume were assessed. The SM infants had a greater mean increase (p=0.028, p=0.034, respectively) and a greater magnitude of decline (p<0.001, p=0.018, respectively) in minute volume than the S infants and the controls. The rate of decline in minute volume was greater in the SM infants (p=0.008) and the S infants (p=0.011) compared with the controls. Antenatal substance misuse and smoking affect the infant's ventilatory response to a hypoxic challenge. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

Playing Video Games While Using or Feeling the Effects of Substances: Associations with Substance Use Problems

PubMed Central

Ream, Geoffrey L.; Elliott, Luther C.; Dunlap, Eloise

2011-01-01

This study tested the hypothesis that playing video games while using or feeling the effects of a substance—referred to herein as “concurrent use”—is related to substance use problems after controlling for substance use frequency, video gaming as an enthusiastic hobby, and demographic factors. Data were drawn from a nationally representative online survey of adult video gamers conducted by Knowledge Networks, valid n = 2,885. Problem video game playing behavior was operationalized using Tejeiro Salguero and Bersabé Morán’s 2002 problem video game play (PVP) measure, and measures for substance use problems were taken from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Separate structural equation modeling analyses were conducted for users of caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana. In all four models, concurrent use was directly associated with substance use problems, but not with PVP. Video gaming as an enthusiastic hobby was associated with substance use problems via two indirect paths: through PVP for all substances, and through concurrent use for caffeine, tobacco, and alcohol only. Results illustrate the potential for “drug interaction” between self-reinforcing behaviors and addictive substances, with implications for the development of problem use. PMID:22073023

Predicting HIV/STD risk level and substance use disorders among incarcerated adolescents.

PubMed

Rowe, Cynthia L; Wang, Wei; Greenbaum, Paul; Liddle, Howard A

2008-12-01

Incarcerated adolescents are among the most vulnerable groups for STD infection, and substance abuse is prevalent in over half of this population. Substance abuse and HIV/STD-associated risk behaviors are closely linked among juvenile justice-involved youth, but it is unclear whether common antecedents explain these different problems. The current study examined predictors of HIV/STD risk level and substance use disorders, and investigated whether family variables added unique predictive variance for these problems among incarcerated youth. The sample included 154 substance-involved youth ages 13 to 17 recruited in detention facilities in Miami and Tampa, FL and was primarily male (82%) and African-American (58%). Using a comprehensive assessment strategy with data obtained from youth report, parent report, and laboratory confirmed STD testing, the results show that delinquency is a consistent predictor of both HIV/STD risk level and substance use disorders, and also that substance use directly predicts HIV/STD risk level among incarcerated adolescents. Consistent with previous research, family conflict is an important predictor of substance use disorders even after controlling for other factors. The results suggest the need for integrated family-based interventions addressing delinquency, substance abuse, and HIV/STD-associated risk factors with juvenile justice-involved adolescents.

Parental consanguinity and susceptibility to drug abuse among offspring, a case-control study.

PubMed

Saadat, Mostafa; Vakili-Ghartavol, Roghayyeh

2010-11-30

Consanguineous marriage is the union of individuals having at least one common ancestor. It is well established that consanguinity is a potential risk factor for many adverse health outcome of offspring. In the present case-control study we tested the hypothesis of an association between parental consanguinity marriages and risk of offspring substance abuse. The study was performed in Shiraz (Fars province, Iran). Here 156 male drug abusers (case group) and 264 randomly selected healthy blood donors, matched for age and gender as control group, were included in the study. The prevalence of parental consanguineous marriages in the studied sample was 39.1 and 28.0% among cases and controls, respectively. The difference was statistically significant. The substance abusers were more smokers and drinkers compared with the control group. There was significant negative linear trend between drug abuse and level of education. The participants stratified using drinking habits and then the analysis was carried out separately for drinker and non-drinker subjects. Among drinkers, neither before nor after adjusting for smoking status and educational level, parental consanguinity did not show association with risk of substance abuse. Among non-drinkers, after adjusting for smoking status and educational level, parental consanguineous marriage was significantly associated with increased risk of substance abuse. Our study supports a significant relationship between parental consanguinity and drug abuse among non-drinker subjects. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

76 FR 38169 - Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Testing; Receipt of Test Data

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-29

... are required to show photographic identification, pass through a metal detector, and sign the EPA visitor log. All visitor bags are processed through an X- ray machine and subject to search. Visitors will... animal tissue, metal- cleaning compounds, hydraulic compression fluids, stripping agent (textiles...

40 CFR 795.231 - Pharmacokinetics of isopropanal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional Health Effects Guidelines § 795... groups and any animal showing signs of ill health shall not be used. In all studies, unless otherwise specified, each test group shall contain at least four animals of each sex for a total of at least eight...

40 CFR 795.231 - Pharmacokinetics of isopropanal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional Health Effects Guidelines § 795... groups and any animal showing signs of ill health shall not be used. In all studies, unless otherwise specified, each test group shall contain at least four animals of each sex for a total of at least eight...

40 CFR 795.231 - Pharmacokinetics of isopropanal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional Health Effects Guidelines § 795... groups and any animal showing signs of ill health shall not be used. In all studies, unless otherwise specified, each test group shall contain at least four animals of each sex for a total of at least eight...

40 CFR 795.231 - Pharmacokinetics of isopropanal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional Health Effects Guidelines § 795... groups and any animal showing signs of ill health shall not be used. In all studies, unless otherwise specified, each test group shall contain at least four animals of each sex for a total of at least eight...

40 CFR 795.231 - Pharmacokinetics of isopropanal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional Health Effects Guidelines § 795... groups and any animal showing signs of ill health shall not be used. In all studies, unless otherwise specified, each test group shall contain at least four animals of each sex for a total of at least eight...

21 CFR 1405.610 - Controlled substance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Controlled substance. 1405.610 Section 1405.610 Food and Drugs OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 1405.610 Controlled substance. Controlled substance means a...

Comparison of biodegradation performance of OECD test guideline 301C with that of other ready biodegradability tests.

PubMed

Kayashima, Takakazu; Taruki, Masanori; Katagiri, Kazuomi; Nabeoka, Ryosuke; Yoshida, Tomohiko; Tsuji, Toshiaki

2014-02-01

The Organisation for Economic Co-operatoin and development (OECD) Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals list 7 types of tests for determining the ready biodegradability of chemical compounds (301A-F and 310). The present study compares the biodegradation performance of test guideline 301C, which is applied in Japan's Chemical Substances Control Law, with the performance of the other 6 ready biodegradability tests (RBTs) listed in the guidelines. Test guideline 301C specifies use of activated sludge precultured with synthetic sewage containing glucose and peptone (301C sludge) as a test inoculum; in the other RBTs, however, activated sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP sludge) is frequently employed. Analysis based on percentage of biodegradation and pass levels revealed that the biodegradation intensity of test guideline 301C is relatively weak compared with the intensities of RBTs using WWTP sludge, and the following chemical compounds are probably not biodegraded under test guideline 301C conditions: phosphorus compounds; secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amines; and branched quaternary carbon compounds. The relatively weak biodegradation intensity of test guideline 301C may be related to the markedly different activities of the 301C and WWTP sludges. These findings will be valuable for evaluating RBT data in relation to Japan's Chemical Substances Control Law. © 2013 SETAC.

The European system for the control of the safety of food-contact materials needs restructuring: a review and outlook for discussion.

PubMed

Grob, Koni

2017-09-01

The present European system to assure the safety of migrates from food-contact materials (FCMs) needs improvement. It is proposed to implement better the self-control by the producers through improved official control and more attractive listing of approved substances and materials (the latter being subject of another discussion paper). The initial concept of a positive list for the substances used, a limit for the overall migration and regulation of compliance testing was recognised as insufficient long ago, as it does not properly cover reaction products (including oligomers) and impurities. It also turned out to be unrealistic to cover all 17 types of FCMs owing to lack of resources by the authorities. Therefore, European Union legislation shifted the focus to the compliance work carried out by the business operators (in-house documentation and declaration of compliance). However, this approach has not been properly implemented. This is partly due to lack or unsuccessful control by authorities. A suitable structure of this control still needs to be built. It is proposed that specialised document-collection centres working with dedicated tools harmonised throughout Europe be created. Further, since most migrating substances are not listed, the toxicological evaluation reported by industry must be checked by risk-assessment authorities. Finally, effective and harmonised measures are needed to react in case of non-compliance. The currently large gap between the legal requirements and reality must be bridged by introducing flexibility: authorised work plans by industry are proposed. It is also proposed to encourage certified private institutes to approve compliance work, driven by the attractive listing of approved materials and exploiting market forces. In the long run, the focus of the authorities might change from evaluating the substances used and regulating migration testing to the evaluation of the compliance work performed by industry, which means moving from legislation supporting industry towards checking self-control.

Effects of working memory load, a history of conduct disorder, and sex on decision making in substance dependent individuals.

PubMed

Fridberg, Daniel J; Gerst, Kyle R; Finn, Peter R

2013-12-01

Substance dependence and antisocial psychopathology, such as a history of childhood conduct disorder (HCCD), are associated with impulsive or disadvantageous decision making and reduced working memory capacity (WMC). Reducing WMC via a working memory load increases disadvantageous decision making in healthy adults, but no previous studies have examined this effect in young adults with substance dependence and HCCD. Young adults with substance dependence (SubDep; n=158, 71 female), substance dependence and HCCD (SubDep+HCCD; n=72, 24 female), and control participants (n=152, 84 female) completed a test of decision making (the Iowa Gambling Task; IGT) with or without a concurrent working memory load intended to tax WMC. Outcomes were (i) net advantageous decisions on the IGT, and (ii) preferences for infrequent- versus frequent-punishment decks. SubDep+HCCD men made fewer advantageous decisions on the IGT than control men without a load, but there were no group differences among women in that condition. Load was associated with fewer advantageous decisions for SubDep+HCCD women and control men, but not for men or women in the other groups. Participants showed greater preference for infrequent-punishment, advantageous decks under load as well. There are gender differences in the effects of substance dependence, HCCD, and working memory load on decision making on the IGT. Decision making by control men and SubDep+HCCD women suffered the most under load. Load increases preferences for less-frequent punishments, similar to a delay discounting effect. Future research should clarify the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying these effects. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

21 CFR 1301.76 - Other security controls for practitioners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... writing, of the theft or significant loss of any controlled substances within one business day of... controlled substances lost in relation to the type of business; (2) The specific controlled substances lost..., (5) Whether the specific controlled substances are likely candidates for diversion; (6) Local trends...

21 CFR 1301.76 - Other security controls for practitioners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... writing, of the theft or significant loss of any controlled substances within one business day of... controlled substances lost in relation to the type of business; (2) The specific controlled substances lost..., (5) Whether the specific controlled substances are likely candidates for diversion; (6) Local trends...

Testing Consent Agreement for N-methylpyrrolidone

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA has signed an Enforceable Consent Agreement (ECA) pursuant to the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq., with Arco Chemical Company, BASF Corporation, and International Specialty Products Company.

40 CFR 721.5310 - Neononanoic acid, ethenyl ester.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... accordance with the most current version of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F739... control technology does not apply. Instead, if the waste stream containing the substance will be treated...

40 CFR 721.4215 - Hexanedioic acid, diethenyl ester.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... in accordance with the most current version of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM... control technology does not apply. Instead, if the waste stream containing the substance will be treated...

40 CFR 721.4215 - Hexanedioic acid, diethenyl ester.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... in accordance with the most current version of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM... control technology does not apply. Instead, if the waste stream containing the substance will be treated...

40 CFR 721.5310 - Neononanoic acid, ethenyl ester.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... accordance with the most current version of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F739... control technology does not apply. Instead, if the waste stream containing the substance will be treated...

Interventions to address parenting and parental substance abuse: conceptual and methodological considerations.

PubMed

Neger, Emily N; Prinz, Ronald J

2015-07-01

Parental substance abuse is a serious problem affecting the well-being of children and families. The co-occurrence of parental substance abuse and problematic parenting is recognized as a major public health concern. This review focuses on 21 outcome studies that tested dual treatment of substance abuse and parenting. A summary of theoretical conceptualizations of the connections between substance abuse and parenting provides a backdrop for the review. Outcomes of the dual treatment studies were generally positive with respect to reduction of parental substance use and improvement of parenting. Research in this area varied in methodological rigor and needs to overcome challenges regarding design issues, sampling frame, and complexities inherent in such a high-risk population. This area of work can be strengthened by randomized controlled trials, use of mixed-methods outcome measures, consideration of parent involvement with child protective services, involvement of significant others in treatment, provision of concrete supports for treatment attendance and facilitative public policies. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Interventions to Address Parenting and Parental Substance Abuse: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations

PubMed Central

Neger, Emily N.; Prinz, Ronald J.

2015-01-01

Parental substance abuse is a serious problem affecting the well-being of children and families. The co-occurrence of parental substance abuse and problematic parenting is recognized as a major public health concern. This review focuses on 21 outcome studies that tested dual treatment of substance abuse and parenting. A summary of theoretical conceptualizations of the connections between substance abuse and parenting provides a backdrop for the review. Outcomes of the dual treatment studies were generally positive with respect to reduction of parental substance use and improvement of parenting. Research in this area varied in methodological rigor and needs to overcome challenges regarding design issues, sampling frame, and complexities inherent in such a high-risk population. This area of work can be strengthened by randomized controlled trials, use of mixed-methods outcome measures, consideration of parent involvement with child protective services, involvement of significant others in treatment, provision of concrete supports for treatment attendance and facilitative public policies. PMID:25939033

Gender Differences in the Effect of Linguistic Acculturation on Substance Use Among Mexican-Origin Youth in the Southwest United States

PubMed Central

Marsiglia, Flavio F.; Kulis, Stephen; Hussaini, Syed Khaleel; Nieri, Tanya A.; Becerra, David

2010-01-01

This study tested for gender differences in the impact of linguistic acculturation on pro-drug norms, substance use intentions, and actual substance use among youth of Mexican heritage in a large metropolitan area in the Southwest United States. The authors analyzed baseline survey data provided by 2,487 middle school students of Mexican heritage who were part of a larger, multiethnic randomized efficacy trial of a drug abuse prevention program. Using multi-group structural equation modeling, the authors found that linguistic acculturation was positively and directly related to adherence to pro-drug norms, substance use intentions, and recent alcohol use, controlling for age, poor grades, and socioeconomic status. In addition, linguistic acculturation had an indirect effect on substance use intentions and recent alcohol use through pro-drug norms. The direct effect of linguistic acculturation on pro-drug norms was stronger for girls than for boys, as was its indirect effect on substance use intentions. PMID:20390972

New type of dry substances content meter using microwaves for application in biogas plants.

PubMed

Nacke, Thomas; Brückner, Kathleen; Göller, Arndt; Kaufhold, Sebastian; Nakos, Xenia; Noack, Stephan; Stöber, Heinrich; Beckmann, Dieter

2005-11-01

Dry substances (DS) are an important index for monitoring and controlling anaerobic co-digestion in biogas plants. We have developed and tested an online meter that measures suspended solids by means of the reflection coefficient of an exiting microwave signal, which is dependent on the dielectric properties of the suspensions. Intelligent models based on partial least squares regression (PLSR) and artificial neural network (ANN) for calibration allow exact and reproducible measurements under different circumstances. This measuring method is appropriate for contactless and online measurements of dry substance contents in biogas plants in a large range from 2-14%.

16 CFR 1500.40 - Method of testing toxic substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... bleeding. (c) Procedures for testing. The sleeve is slipped onto the animal which is then placed in a... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Method of testing toxic substances. 1500.40... testing toxic substances. The method of testing the toxic substances referred to in § 1500.3(c) (1)(ii)(C...

16 CFR 1500.40 - Method of testing toxic substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... bleeding. (c) Procedures for testing. The sleeve is slipped onto the animal which is then placed in a... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Method of testing toxic substances. 1500.40... testing toxic substances. The method of testing the toxic substances referred to in § 1500.3(c) (1)(ii)(C...

16 CFR 1500.40 - Method of testing toxic substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... bleeding. (c) Procedures for testing. The sleeve is slipped onto the animal which is then placed in a... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Method of testing toxic substances. 1500.40... testing toxic substances. The method of testing the toxic substances referred to in § 1500.3(c) (1)(ii)(C...

Mapping biological to clinical phenotypes during the development (21 days) and resolution (21 days) of experimental gingivitis.

PubMed

Scott, Ann E; Milward, Mike; Linden, Gerard J; Matthews, John B; Carlile, Monica J; Lundy, Fionnuala T; Naeeni, Mojgan A; Lorraine Martin, S; Walker, Brian; Kinane, Denis; Brock, Gareth R; Chapple, Iain L C

2012-02-01

To characterize and map temporal changes in the biological and clinical phenotype during a 21-day experimental gingivitis study. Experimental gingivitis was induced over 21 days in healthy human volunteers (n = 56), after which normal brushing was resumed (resolution phase). Gingival and plaque indices were assessed. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from four paired test and contra-lateral control sites in each volunteer during induction (Days 0, 7, 14 and 21) and resolution (Days 28 and 42) of experimental gingivitis. Fluid volumes were measured and a single analyte was quantified from each site-specific, 30s sample. Data were evaluated by analysis of repeated measurements and paired sample tests. Clinical indices and gingival crevicular fluid volumes at test sites increased from Day 0, peaking at Day 21 (test/control differences all p < 0.0001) and decreased back to control levels by Day 28. Levels of four inflammatory markers showed similar patterns, with significant differences between test and control apparent at Day 7 (substance P, cathepsin G, interleukin-1β, elastase: all p < 0.03) and peaking at Day 21 (all p < 0.002). Levels of α-1-antitrypsin showed no pattern. Levels of substance P, cathepsin G, interleukin-1β and neutrophil elastase act as objective biomarkers of gingival inflammation induction and resolution that typically precede phenotypical changes. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

28 CFR 83.610 - Controlled substance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Controlled substance. 83.610 Section 83.610 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) GOVERNMENT-WIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (GRANTS) Definitions § 83.610 Controlled substance. Controlled substance means a...

The NARCONON drug education curriculum for high school students: a non-randomized, controlled prevention trial.

PubMed

Lennox, Richard D; Cecchini, Marie A

2008-03-19

An estimated 13 million youths aged 12 to 17 become involved with alcohol, tobacco and other drugs annually. The number of 12- to 17-year olds abusing controlled prescription drugs increased an alarming 212 percent between 1992 and 2003. For many youths, substance abuse precedes academic and health problems including lower grades, higher truancy, drop out decisions, delayed or damaged physical, cognitive, and emotional development, or a variety of other costly consequences. For thirty years the Narconon program has worked with schools and community groups providing single educational modules aimed at supplementing existing classroom-based prevention activities. In 2004, Narconon International developed a multi-module, universal prevention curriculum for high school ages based on drug abuse etiology, program quality management data, prevention theory and best practices. We review the curriculum and its rationale and test its ability to change drug use behavior, perceptions of risk/benefits, and general knowledge. After informed parental consent, approximately 1000 Oklahoma and Hawai'i high school students completed a modified Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) Participant Outcome Measures for Discretionary Programs survey at three testing points: baseline, one month later, and six month follow-up. Schools assigned to experimental conditions scheduled the Narconon curriculum between the baseline and one-month follow-up test; schools in control conditions received drug education after the six-month follow-up. Student responses were analyzed controlling for baseline differences using analysis of covariance. At six month follow-up, youths who received the Narconon drug education curriculum showed reduced drug use compared with controls across all drug categories tested. The strongest effects were seen in all tobacco products and cigarette frequency followed by marijuana. There were also significant reductions measured for alcohol and amphetamines. The program also produced changes in knowledge, attitudes and perception of risk. The eight-module Narconon curriculum has thorough grounding in substance abuse etiology and prevention theory. Incorporating several historically successful prevention strategies this curriculum reduced drug use among youths.

Construction of mathematical model for measuring material concentration by colorimetric method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Bing; Gao, Lingceng; Yu, Kairong; Tan, Xianghua

2018-06-01

This paper use the method of multiple linear regression to discuss the data of C problem of mathematical modeling in 2017. First, we have established a regression model for the concentration of 5 substances. But only the regression model of the substance concentration of urea in milk can pass through the significance test. The regression model established by the second sets of data can pass the significance test. But this model exists serious multicollinearity. We have improved the model by principal component analysis. The improved model is used to control the system so that it is possible to measure the concentration of material by direct colorimetric method.

In Vivo Volatile Organic Compound Signatures of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

PubMed Central

Bergmann, Andreas; Trefz, Phillip; Fischer, Sina; Klepik, Klaus; Walter, Gudrun; Steffens, Markus; Ziller, Mario; Schubert, Jochen K.; Reinhold, Petra; Köhler, Heike; Miekisch, Wolfram

2015-01-01

Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of a chronic enteric disease of ruminants. Available diagnostic tests are complex and slow. In vitro, volatile organic compound (VOC) patterns emitted from MAP cultures mirrored bacterial growth and enabled distinction of different strains. This study was intended to determine VOCs in vivo in the controlled setting of an animal model. VOCs were pre-concentrated from breath and feces of 42 goats (16 controls and 26 MAP-inoculated animals) by means of needle trap microextraction (breath) and solid phase microextraction (feces) and analyzed by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry. Analyses were performed 18, 29, 33, 41 and 48 weeks after inoculation. MAP-specific antibodies and MAP-specific interferon-γ-response were determined from blood. Identities of all marker-VOCs were confirmed through analysis of pure reference substances. Based on detection limits in the high pptV and linear ranges of two orders of magnitude more than 100 VOCs could be detected in breath and in headspace over feces. Twenty eight substances differed between inoculated and non-inoculated animals. Although patterns of most prominent substances such as furans, oxygenated substances and hydrocarbons changed in the course of infection, differences between inoculated and non-inoculated animals remained detectable at any time for 16 substances in feces and 3 VOCs in breath. Differences of VOC concentrations over feces reflected presence of MAP bacteria. Differences in VOC profiles from breath were linked to the host response in terms of interferon-γ-response. In a perspective in vivo analysis of VOCs may help to overcome limitations of established tests. PMID:25915653

21 CFR 1307.13 - Incidental manufacture of controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Incidental manufacture of controlled substances... MISCELLANEOUS Special Exceptions for Manufacture and Distribution of Controlled Substances § 1307.13 Incidental manufacture of controlled substances. Any registered manufacturer who, incidentally but necessarily...

28 CFR Appendix B to Part 61 - Drug Enforcement Administration Procedures Relating to the Implementation of the National...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... substances Chemical eradication of plant species from which controlled substances may be extracted... substances Storage and destruction of controlled substances Manual eradication of plant species from which... consider environmental documents Eradication of plant species from which controlled substances may be...

Alcohol, psychoactive substances and non-fatal road traffic accidents - a case-control study

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background The prevalence of alcohol and other psychoactive substances is high in biological specimens from injured drivers, while the prevalence of these psychoactive substances in samples from drivers in normal traffic is low. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of alcohol and psychoactive substances in drivers admitted to hospital for treatment of injuries after road traffic accidents with that in drivers in normal traffic, and calculate risk estimates for the substances, and combinations of substances found in both groups. Methods Injured drivers were recruited in the hospital emergency department and drivers in normal conditions were taken from the hospital catchment area in roadside tests of moving traffic. Substances found in blood samples from injured drivers and oral fluid samples from drivers in moving traffic were compared using equivalent cut off concentrations, and risk estimates were calculated using logistic regression analyses. Results In 21.9% of the injured drivers, substances were found: most commonly alcohol (11.5%) and stimulants eg. cocaine or amphetamines (9.4%). This compares to 3.2% of drivers in normal traffic where the most commonly found substances were z-hypnotics (0.9%) and benzodiazepines (0.8%). The greatest increase in risk of being injured was for alcohol combined with any other substance (OR: 231.9, 95% CI: 33.3- 1615.4, p < 0.001), for more than three psychoactive substances (OR: 38.9, 95% CI: 8.2- 185.0, p < 0.001) and for alcohol alone (OR: 36.1, 95% CI: 13.2- 98.6, p < 0.001). Single use of non-alcohol substances was not associated with increased accident risk. Conclusion The prevalence of psychoactive substances was higher among injured drivers than drivers in normal moving traffic. The risk of accident is greatly increased among drivers who tested positive for alcohol, in particular, those who had also ingested one or more psychoactive substances. Various preventive measures should be considered to curb the prevalence of driving under the influence of psychoactive substances as these drivers constitute a significant risk for other road users as well as themselves. PMID:22943663

75 FR 47604 - Guidance for Industry on Drug Substance Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls Information...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-06

...] (formerly 2003D-0571) Guidance for Industry on Drug Substance Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls... Substance Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls Information.'' This guidance provides recommendations on the chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC) information for drug substances that should be...

Prenatal Exposure Effects on Early Adolescent Substance Use: Preliminary Evidence From a Genetically Informed Bayesian Approach.

PubMed

Bidwell, L Cinnamon; Marceau, Kristine; Brick, Leslie A; Karoly, Hollis C; Todorov, Alexandre A; Palmer, Rohan H; Heath, Andrew C; Knopik, Valerie S

2017-09-01

Given the controversy surrounding the question of whether there are direct or causal effects of exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy (SDP) on offspring outcomes such as substance use during the adolescent years, we sought to test, on a preliminary basis, within- and between-family associations of SDP and initiation of substance use early in adolescence (by age 15 years) using a discordant sibling design. We used a sibling-comparison approach in a sample of 173 families drawn from the state of Missouri, wherein mothers were discordant for smoking behaviors between two different pregnancies, to test for associations of SDP and initiation of substance use in a younger adolescent cohort. The discordant sibling comparison approach allows for disentangling familial effects from direct effects of SDP through the purposeful collection of data from siblings within the same family with differential exposure. There were no between- or within-family effects of SDP on initiation of any type of substance use (alcohol, marijuana, smoking, and other drug classes), suggesting that SDP does not exert a direct effect on substance use in early adolescence. Preliminary findings did not support an association of SDP and initiation of substance use in this younger adolescent sample. Studies such as this one can help build a body of evidence to explain whether associations of SDP and adolescent outcomes reflect a direct effect of SPD or may instead be attributable to familial confounders that are controlled in the discordant sibling design.

Liver function in workers exposed of the cosmetics industry.

PubMed

Casale, T; Caciari, T; Rosati, M V; Biagi, M; De Sio, S; Andreozzi, G; Schifano, M P; Capozzella, A; Pimpinella, B; Tomei, G; Tomei, F

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study is to assess whether occupational exposure to substances used in the cosmetic factories may cause effects on the liver and blood counts in exposed workers. The study included 48 exposed workers and 86 unexposed controls. All workers included in the study underwent blood count, white blood count, total, direct and indirect bilirubin, transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase. The differences between the means and frequencies were compared using the Student's t-test and chi-square test with Yates correction and were considered significant when the p value was <0.05. The analysis of the results shows that 35.4% of workers in the cosmetics industry had liver test values above the range. We noted a statistically significant higher prevalence of GPT (p <0.05) and total bilirubin (p <0.05) in the workers of the cosmetics industry compared with the control group. The results obtained suggest that occupational exposure to low doses of substances used in the cosmetic industry is able to influence some liver parameters in occupationally exposed workers.

40 CFR 721.4250 - Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, ethenyl ester.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... accordance with the most current version of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F739... control technology does not apply. Instead, if the waste stream containing the substance will be treated...

40 CFR 721.4250 - Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, ethenyl ester.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... accordance with the most current version of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F739... control technology does not apply. Instead, if the waste stream containing the substance will be treated...

40 CFR 725.150 - Procedural requirements for this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT REPORTING REQUIREMENTS AND REVIEW PROCESSES FOR MICROORGANISMS Microbial... section 5(b) of the Act for the submission of test data. (c) Contents of a MCAN. Each person who submits a...

40 CFR 725.150 - Procedural requirements for this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT REPORTING REQUIREMENTS AND REVIEW PROCESSES FOR MICROORGANISMS Microbial... section 5(b) of the Act for the submission of test data. (c) Contents of a MCAN. Each person who submits a...

Psychiatric comorbidity, continuing care and mutual help as predictors of five-year remission from substance use disorders.

PubMed

Ritsher, Jennifer Boyd; McKellar, John D; Finney, John W; Otilingam, Poorni G; Moos, Rudolf H

2002-11-01

In a cohort of 2,595 male patients in VA intensive treatment programs for substance use disorders (SUD), we tested whether psychiatric comorbidity, outpatient care and mutual help group attendance during the first two follow-up years predicted remission status at Year 5, controlling for covariates. Logistic regression modeling of longitudinal data was used to test the hypotheses. Dual diagnosis patients were less likely to be in remission at Year 5 than SUD-only patients. Outpatient care was at best only weakly related to Year 5 remission status. By contrast, mutual help involvement substantially improved the chances of substance use remission at Year 5 for both SUD-only and dual diagnosis patients. Mutual help involvement did not, however, offset the poorer prognosis for dual diagnosis patients. Because mutual help groups specifically targeted to individuals with comorbid substance use and psychiatric disorders are currently rare, further research is recommended to investigate whether they are more effective than standard SUD mutual help groups in facilitating the recovery of persons with dual diagnoses.

Parainfluenza virus type 3 induced alterations in tachykinin NK1 receptors, substance P levels and respiratory functions in guinea pig airways.

PubMed

Kudlacz, E M; Shatzer, S A; Farrell, A M; Baugh, L E

1994-08-03

We have investigated the effects of parainfluenza virus type 3 (PI-3) on sensory neuropeptide levels, tachykinin receptors and their functions in guinea pig airways during the course of respiratory viral infection. PI-3 infected guinea pigs were hyperresponsive to methacholine and substance P aerosols as determined by earlier onset of dyspnea in these animals as compared with control on post-inoculation day (PID) 7 but not 19. In addition, plasma protein extravasation produced in response to the tachykinin was increased in infected airways during the first week post inoculation. Infected guinea pig trachea did not respond any differently to methacholine when smooth muscle contraction and [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation were measured although the magnitude of substance P effects using in vitro tests was significantly greater than control on post-inoculation day 7 but not 19. Trachea from PI-3 infected animals were characterized by reductions in substance P-like immunoreactivity, tachykinin NK1 receptor number and agonist affinity during the first post-inoculation week. Substance P levels or tachykinin NK1 receptor numbers or affinity were not altered in trachea of guinea pigs 4 days after treatment with lipopolysaccharide. These data suggest substance P release occurs during critical periods of respiratory viral infection which are temporally correlated with airway hyperresponsiveness. Despite apparent down-regulation of tachykinin NK1 receptors, substance P-mediated functions remained enhanced suggesting some alterations in post-receptor mechanisms.

Emotion dysregulation, anticipatory cortisol, and substance use in urban adolescents.

PubMed

Kliewer, Wendy; Riley, Tennisha; Zaharakis, Nikola; Borre, Alicia; Drazdowski, Tess K; Jäggi, Lena

2016-09-01

Anticipatory cortisol is associated with risk for substance use in adolescents. The present study extended prior literature by testing a model linking family emotional climate, emotion dysregulation, anticipatory cortisol, and substance use. Participants were 229 adolescents ( M = 11.94 years, SD = 1.55; 41% male; 92% African American) enrolled in a 4-wave study of stressors, physiological stress responses, and substance use. Caregivers completed measures of family emotional climate at baseline and adolescents' emotion dysregulation one and two years later; adolescents reported on their substance use at baseline and three years later at Wave 4. Adolescents completed a stress task at Wave 4; saliva samples taken immediately prior to the task were analyzed for cortisol. Longitudinal path models revealed that a negative emotional climate at home was associated with elevated emotion dysregulation at subsequent waves for all youth. Emotional dysregulation was prospectively associated with blunted anticipatory cortisol, which in turn was associated with elevated substance use, controlling for baseline substance use and age. However, these associations only were observed for females. This study suggests that helping girls in particular manage their emotional responses to stress more effectively may impact their physiological responses and reduce risk for substance use.

Change in neurocognition by housing type and substance abuse among formerly homeless seriously mentally ill persons.

PubMed

Caplan, Brina; Schutt, Russell K; Turner, Winston M; Goldfinger, Stephen M; Seidman, Larry J

2006-03-01

To test the effect of living in group housing rather than independent apartments on executive functioning, verbal memory and sustained attention among formerly homeless persons with serious mental illness and to determine whether substance abuse modifies this effect. In metropolitan Boston, 112 persons in Department of Mental Health shelters were randomly assigned to group homes ("Evolving Consumer Households", with project facilitator, group meetings, resident decision-making) or independent apartments. All were case managed. A neuropsychological test battery was administered at baseline, at 18 months (Time 2), with an 81% follow-up rate, and at 48 months (Time 3), with a 59% follow-up rate. Hierarchical Linear Modeling was applied to executive functioning--assessed with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Perseverations)-Logical Memory story recall, and an auditory Continuous Performance Test (CPT) for sustained attention. Subject characteristics were controlled. When moved to group homes, subjects without a lifetime substance abuse history improved on Perseverations, while those who moved to independent apartments deteriorated on Perseverations. Across the two housing conditions, subjects showed no change in Perseverations, but improved on Logical Memory story recall and the CPT. Type of housing placement can influence cognitive functioning; notably, socially isolating housing is associated with weakened executive functioning. Substance abuse significantly diminishes environmental effects. These are important factors to consider in housing placement and subsequent treatment.

75 FR 5405 - Sixty-Fifth Report of the TSCA Interagency Testing Committee to the Administrator of the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-02

.... SUMMARY: The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) transmitted its Sixty... manufacture (defined by statute to include import) and/or process TSCA-covered chemicals and you may be identified by the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes 325 and 32411. Because this...

Auricular acupuncture for substance use: a randomized controlled trial of effects on anxiety, sleep, drug use and use of addiction treatment services.

PubMed

Ahlberg, Rickard; Skårberg, Kurt; Brus, Ole; Kjellin, Lars

2016-07-25

A common alternative treatment for substance abuse is auricular acupuncture. The aim of the study was to evaluate the short and long-term effect of auricular acupuncture on anxiety, sleep, drug use and addiction treatment utilization in adults with substance abuse. Of the patients included, 280 adults with substance abuse and psychiatric comorbidity, 80 were randomly assigned to auricular acupuncture according to the NADA protocol, 80 to auricular acupuncture according to a local protocol (LP), and 120 to relaxation (controls). The primary outcomes anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory; BAI) and insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index; ISI) were measured at baseline and at follow-ups 5 weeks and 3 months after the baseline assessment. Secondary outcomes were drug use and addiction service utilization. Complete datasets regarding BAI/ISI were obtained from 37/34 subjects in the NADA group, 28/28 in the LP group and 36/35 controls. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Analysis of Variance, Kruskal Wallis, Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance, Eta square (η(2)), and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests. Participants in NADA, LP and control group improved significantly on the ISI and BAI. There was no significant difference in change over time between the three groups in any of the primary (effect size: BAI, η(2) = 0.03, ISI, η(2) = 0.05) or secondary outcomes. Neither of the two acupuncture treatments resulted in differences in sleep, anxiety or drug use from the control group at 5 weeks or 3 months. No evidence was found that acupuncture as delivered in this study is more effective than relaxation for problems with anxiety, sleep or substance use or in reducing the need for further addiction treatment in patients with substance use problems and comorbid psychiatric disorders. The substantial attrition at follow-up is a main limitation of the study. Clinical Trials NCT02604706 (retrospectively registered).

21 CFR 1302.06 - Sealing of controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Sealing of controlled substances. 1302.06 Section 1302.06 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LABELING AND PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS FOR CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES § 1302.06 Sealing of controlled substances. On each bottle, multiple...

76 FR 12371 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comments Requested: Application...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-07

... Controlled Substances/Export Controlled Substances for Re-Export--DEA Forms 161 and 161r ACTION: 60-Day... Administration (DEA), will submit the following information collection request to the Office of Management and...: Application for Permit to Export Controlled Substances/Export Controlled Substances for Reexport--DEA Forms...

Free radicals and antioxidant enzymes in older adults after regular senior elastic band exercising: an experimental randomized controlled pilot study.

PubMed

Liao, Lin Yu; Chung, Wei Sheng; Chen, Kuei Min

2017-01-01

The aim of this study was to pilot test the effects of regular senior elastic band exercises on the generation of free radicals and antioxidant enzyme activities in older adults. Long-term regular exercises have positive health promotion outcomes. On the contrary, high-intensity, high-speed and short-term exercises in older adults may increase free radicals and cause chronic disease and ageing effect. A prospective randomized controlled pilot study. Data were collected during 2012. Twenty-five older adults were recruited from a community care centre, southern Taiwan and were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. Twenty-two participants completed the study: experimental group (n = 10) and control group (n = 12). The experimental group performed 6-month senior elastic band exercises while the control group kept regular daily routines. Both groups received blood tests (thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances and glutathione peroxidase) 30 minutes before the study began and 1 hour after the final intervention treatment. At the end of the 6-month senior elastic band exercises, no statistically significant differences in thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances and glutathione peroxidase values between the experimental and control groups. No significant differences existed in both thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances and glutathione peroxidase values before and after the 6-month senior elastic band exercises either. Regular senior elastic band exercises did not increase the generation of free radicals and antioxidant enzyme activities. Senior elastic band exercises have the potential to be promoted among older adults in the community as an exercise option without adverse effects on free radicals and have potential for mitigating ageing and increasing disease control. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Communicable Disease Research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

The COSMIC program FITLOS is used regularly by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), for analyzing data from radioimmunoassays, which involve testing human body substances to provide information on how deficits or excesses of those substances affect a body's ability to ward off disease. A liquid scintillation counter's data is analyzed by the FITLOS program. FITLOS data, then aids in establishing reference methods for hospitals and other health laboratories in their radioimmunoassays. CDC's use of this program enabled them to avoid the cost of designing and developing a new program.

Clinical and Public Health Considerations in Urine Drug Testing to Identify and Treat Substance Use.

PubMed

Barthwell, Andrea G

2016-05-11

To expand appropriate use of substance use testing, practitioners must increase their knowledge of the appropriate methodology, scope, and frequency. Yet, there is a current lack of accepted guidelines on clinical testing to identify and treat substance use. This article (1) conveys the importance of substance use testing as a clinical and public health response to trends of prescription drug abuse and increased access to medical and commercialized marijuana; (2) summarizes central features of the rapidly evolving science and the practice of patient-centered substance use testing in a clinical setting; and (3) provides recommendations that balance costs and benefits and serve as a starting point for appropriate testing to prevent, identify, and treat substance use disorders. The author conducted a search of peer-reviewed and government-supported articles and books in electronic databases and used her own knowledge and clinical experience. The author makes recommendations for determining the methodology, scope, and frequency of testing in each stage of care based on clinical considerations and methodological factors. Conclusion/Importance: Integrating sensible substance use testing broadly into clinical health care to identify substance use, diagnose substance use disorders, and guide patients into treatment can improve health outcomes and reduce the costs of substance use and addiction. No single testing regimen is suitable for all clinical scenarios; rather, a multitude of options, as discussed herein, can be adapted to meet a patient's unique needs. Ultimately, the practitioner must combine patient-specific information with knowledge of test technologies, capabilities, limitations, and costs.

PTSD Symptoms Mediate the Relationship Between Sexual Abuse and Substance Use Risk in Juvenile Justice-Involved Youth.

PubMed

Sanders, Jasmyn; Hershberger, Alexandra R; Kolp, Haley M; Um, Miji; Aalsma, Matthew; Cyders, Melissa A

2017-01-01

Juvenile justice-involved youth face disproportionate rates of sexual abuse, which increases the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUDs), both of which are associated with poor long-term outcomes. The present study tested two mediation and moderation models, controlling for age, race, and history of physical abuse, with gender as a moderator, to determine whether PTSD symptoms serve as a risk factor and/or mechanism in the relationship between sexual abuse and substance use. Data were examined for 197 juvenile justice-involved youth (mean age = 15.45, 68.9% non-White, 78.4% male) that completed court-ordered psychological assessments. Results indicated that PTSD symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between sexual abuse and drug (β = 3.44, confidence interval [CI] [0.26, 7.41]; test for indirect effect z = 2.41, p = .02) and alcohol use (β = 1.42, CI [0.20, 3.46]; test for indirect effect z = 2.23, p = .03). PTSD symptoms and gender were not significant moderators. Overall, PTSD symptoms mediate the relationship between sexual abuse and SUDs in juvenile justice-involved youth, which suggests viability of targeting PTSD symptoms as a modifiable risk factor to reduce the effects of sexual abuse on substance use in this high-risk population.

49 CFR 382.305 - Random testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... a safety-sensitive function, other than driving a commercial motor vehicle, at the time of... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY REGULATIONS CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES AND...

Efficacy of "seeking safety" in a Dutch population of traumatized substance-use disorder outpatients: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Kok, Tim; de Haan, Hein A; van der Meer, Margreet; Najavits, Lisa M; DeJong, Cor A J

2013-06-04

Traumatic experiences and, more specifically, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly prevalent among substance use disorder (SUD) patients. This comorbidity is associated with worse treatment outcomes in substance use treatment programs and more crisis interventions. International guidelines advise an integrated approach to the treatment of trauma related problems and SUD. Seeking Safety is an integrated treatment program that was developed in the United States. The aim of the current study is to test the efficacy of this program in the Netherlands in an outpatient SUD population. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be used to test the efficacy of Seeking Safety compared to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in a population of SUD outpatients. Each treatment will consist of 12 group sessions. The primary outcome measure will be substance use severity. Secondary outcome measures are PTSD and trauma symptoms, coping skills, functioning, and cognitions. Questionnaires will be administered at the start of treatment, at the end of treatment (three months after the start of treatment) and at follow-up (six months after the start of treatment). This study protocol presents a RCT in which the efficacy of an integrated treatment for comorbid PTSD and SUD, Seeking Safety, is evaluated in a SUD outpatient population compared to CBT. It is expected that the intervention group will show significantly more improvement in substance use severity compared to the control group at end-of-treatment and at follow-up. Furthermore, a lower drop-out rate is expected for the intervention group. If the intervention proves to be effective, it can be implemented. A cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted to evaluate the two treatments. The protocol for this study is registered with the Netherlands Trial Register with number NTR3084 and approved by the local medical ethical committee (METC\\11270.haa).

Substance use disorders in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a 4-year follow-up study.

PubMed

Groenman, Annabeth P; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Rommelse, Nanda; Franke, Barbara; Roeyers, Herbert; Oades, Robert D; Sergeant, Joseph A; Buitelaar, Jan K; Faraone, Stephen V

2013-08-01

To examine the relationship between a childhood diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with or without oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)/conduct disorder (CD) and the development of later alcohol/drug use disorder [psychoactive substance use disorder (PSUD)] and nicotine dependence in a large European sample of ADHD probands, their siblings and healthy control subjects. Subjects (n = 1017) were participants in the Belgian, Dutch and German part of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study. IMAGE families were identified through ADHD probands aged 5-17 years attending out-patient clinics, and control subjects from the same geographic areas. After a follow-up period (mean: 4.4 years) this subsample was re-assessed at a mean age of 16.4 years. PSUD and nicotine dependence were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Drug Abuse Screening Test and Fagerström test for Nicotine Dependence. The ADHD sample was at higher risk of developing PSUD [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05-3.00] and nicotine dependence (HR = 8.61, 95% CI = 2.44-30.34) than healthy controls. The rates of these disorders were highest for ADHD youth who also had CD, but could not be accounted for by this comorbidity. We did not find an increased risk of developing PSUD (HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.62-2.27) or nicotine dependence (HR = 1.89, 95% CI = 0.46-7.77) among unaffected siblings of ADHD youth. A childhood diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a risk factor for psychoactive substance use disorder and nicotine dependence in adolescence and comorbid conduct disorder, but not oppositional defiant disorder, further increases the risk of developing psychoactive substance use disorder and nicotine dependence. © 2013 Society for the Study of Addiction.

Some aspects of doping and medication control in equine sports.

PubMed

Houghton, Ed; Maynard, Steve

2010-01-01

This chapter reviews drug and medication control in equestrian sports and addresses the rules of racing, the technological advances that have been made in drug detection and the importance of metabolism studies in the development of effective drug surveillance programmes. Typical approaches to screening and confirmatory analysis are discussed, as are the quality processes that underpin these procedures. The chapter also addresses four specific topics relevant to equestrian sports: substances controlled by threshold values, the approach adopted recently by European racing authorities to control some therapeutic substances, anabolic steroids in the horse and LC-MS analysis in drug testing in animal sports and metabolism studies. The purpose of discussing these specific topics is to emphasise the importance of research and development and collaboration to further global harmonisation and the development and support of international rules.

The Effect of Race on Provider Decisions to Test for Illicit Drug Use in the Peripartum Setting

PubMed Central

KUNINS, HILLARY VEDA; BELLIN, ERAN; CHAZOTTE, CYNTHIA; DU, EVELYN; ARNSTEN, JULIA HOPE

2010-01-01

Background Testing for illicit drugs may expose women who test positive to severe legal and social consequences. It is unknown whether racial disparities in drug testing practices underlie observed disparities in legal and social consequences of positive tests. Methods Using administrative hospital and birth certificate data, we analyzed factors associated with both receipt and results of illicit drug testing among women with live births during 2002–2003. We assessed the independent association of race and other sociodemographic factors with both receipt of a drug test by the mother or her newborn infant and positive maternal or neonatal toxicology results, after controlling for obstetrical conditions and birth outcomes associated with maternal substance abuse. Results Of the 8487 women with live births, 244 mother-newborn pairs (3%) were tested for illicit drug use. Black women and their newborns were 1.5 times more likely to be tested for illicit drugs as nonblack women in multivariable analysis. However, race was not independently associated with a positive result. Conclusions We identified racial differences in rates of testing for illicit drug use between black and nonblack women. We found equivalent positivity rates among tested black and nonblack women. The prevalence of drug use among untested women is unknown, however, so although tested women had equivalent rates of substance use detected, whether black and nonblack substance users are equally likely to be identified in the course of peripartum care remains uncertain. PMID:17388741

The effect of race on provider decisions to test for illicit drug use in the peripartum setting.

PubMed

Kunins, Hillary Veda; Bellin, Eran; Chazotte, Cynthia; Du, Evelyn; Arnsten, Julia Hope

2007-03-01

Testing for illicit drugs may expose women who test positive to severe legal and social consequences. It is unknown whether racial disparities in drug testing practices underlie observed disparities in legal and social consequences of positive tests. Using administrative hospital and birth certificate data, we analyzed factors associated with both receipt and results of illicit drug testing among women with live births during 2002-2003. We assessed the independent association of race and other sociodemographic factors with both receipt of a drug test by the mother or her newborn infant and positive maternal or neonatal toxicology results, after controlling for obstetrical conditions and birth outcomes associated with maternal substance abuse. Of the 8487 women with live births, 244 mother-newborn pairs (3%) were tested for illicit drug use. Black women and their newborns were 1.5 times more likely to be tested for illicit drugs as nonblack women in multivariable analysis. However, race was not independently associated with a positive result. We identified racial differences in rates of testing for illicit drug use between black and nonblack women. We found equivalent positivity rates among tested black and nonblack women. The prevalence of drug use among untested women is unknown, however, so although tested women had equivalent rates of substance use detected, whether black and nonblack substance users are equally likely to be identified in the course of peripartum care remains uncertain.

21 CFR 1305.06 - Persons entitled to fill orders for Schedule I and II controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... II controlled substances, whether on a DEA Form 222 or an electronic order, may be filled only by a person registered with DEA as a manufacturer or distributor of controlled substances listed in Schedule I... DEA to dispense the substances, or to export the substances, if he/she is discontinuing business or if...

21 CFR 1305.06 - Persons entitled to fill orders for Schedule I and II controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... II controlled substances, whether on a DEA Form 222 or an electronic order, may be filled only by a person registered with DEA as a manufacturer or distributor of controlled substances listed in Schedule I... DEA to dispense the substances, or to export the substances, if he/she is discontinuing business or if...

Temperament and Externalizing Behavior as Mediators of Genetic Risk on Adolescent Substance Use

PubMed Central

Trucco, Elisa M.; Hicks, Brian M.; Villafuerte, Sandra; Nigg, Joel; Burmeister, Margit; Zucker, Robert A.

2016-01-01

Understanding how specific genes contribute to risk for addiction remains challenging. This study tests whether childhood temperament and externalizing behavior in early adolescence account for a portion of the association between specific genetic variants and substance use problems in late adolescence. The sample consisted of 487 adolescents from the Michigan Longitudinal Study, a high-risk sample (70.2% male, 81.7% European American ancestry). Polymorphisms across serotonergic (SLC6A4, 5-HTTLPR), dopaminergic (DRD4, u-VNTR), noradrenergic (SLC6A2, rs36021), and GABAergic (GABRA2, rs279858; GABRA6, rs3811995) genes were examined given prior support for associations with temperament, externalizing behavior, and substance use problems. The temperament traits behavioral control and resiliency were assessed using interviewer ratings (ages 9-11), and externalizing behavior (ages 12-14) was assessed using teacher ratings. Self-reported substance use outcomes (ages 15-17) included maximum alcoholic beverages consumed in 24 hours, and frequency of past year cigarette and marijuana use. Behavioral control, resiliency, and externalizing behavior accounted for the associations between polymorphisms in noradrenergic and GABAergic genes and substance use in late adolescence. Individual differences in emotional coping and behavioral regulation represent non-specific neurobiological underpinnings for an externalizing pathway to addiction. PMID:26845260

Effects of Homeopathic Arsenicum Album, Nosode, and Gibberellic Acid Preparations on the Growth Rate of Arsenic-Impaired Duckweed (Lemna gibba L.)

PubMed Central

Jäger, Tim; Scherr, Claudia; Simon, Meinhard; Heusser, Peter; Baumgartner, Stephan

2010-01-01

This study evaluated the effects of homeopathically potentized Arsenicum album, nosode, and gibberellic acid in a bioassay with arsenic-stressed duckweed (Lemna gibba L.). The test substances were applied in nine potency levels (17x, 18x, 21x–24x, 28x, 30x, 33x) and compared with controls (unsuccussed and succussed water) regarding their influence on the plant’s growth rate. Duckweed was stressed with arsenic(V) for 48 h. Afterwards, plants grew in either potentized substances or water controls for 6 days. Growth rates of frond (leaf) area and frond number were determined with a computerized image analysis system for different time intervals (days 0–2, 2–6, 0–6). Five independent experiments were evaluated for each test substance. Additionally, five water control experiments were analyzed to investigate the stability of the experimental setup (systematic negative control experiments). All experiments were randomized and blinded. The test system exhibited a low coefficient of variation (≈1%). Unsuccussed and succussed water did not result in any significant differences in duckweed growth rate. Data from the control and treatment groups were pooled to increase statistical power. Growth rates for days 0–2 were not influenced by any homeopathic preparation. Growth rates for days 2–6 increased after application of potentized Arsenicum album regarding both frond area (p < 0.001) and frond number (p < 0.001), and by application of potentized nosode (frond area growth rate only, p < 0.01). Potencies of gibberellic acid did not influence duckweed growth rate. The systematic negative control experiments did not yield any significant effects. Thus, false-positive results can be excluded with high certainty. To conclude, the test system with L. gibba impaired by arsenic(V) was stable and reliable. It yielded evidence for specific effects of homeopathic Arsenicum album preparations and it will provide a valuable tool for future experiments that aim at revealing the mode of action of homeopathic preparations. It may also be useful to investigate the influence of external factors (e.g., heat, electromagnetic radiation) on the effects of homeopathic preparations. PMID:21057725

Individualism-Collectivism, Social Self-Control and Adolescent Substance Use and Risky Sexual Behavior.

PubMed

Pokhrel, Pallav; Bennett, Brooke L; Regmi, Sakshi; Idrisov, Bulat; Galimov, Artur; Akhmadeeva, Leila; Sussman, Steve

2018-06-07

Individualism and collectivism are cultural syndromes that have been associated with adolescent problem behavior in studies conducted in the U.S. and Southeast Asia. However, research investigating the mechanisms of how cultural orientation impacts health risk behaviors has been limited. This study tested a new model explaining the relationship between cultural orientation (i.e., individualism, collectivism) and adolescent problem behavior (i.e., substance use and risky sex) in terms of interpersonal self-regulation (i.e., social self-control). As such, the study is rooted in theories of the role of culture in developing self-regulation. Participants were high school students (N = 716) from the Bashkirtostan Republic of the Russian Federation. Adolescents from the Russian Federation tend to show high prevalence of cigarette smoking and binge drinking. People of the Russian Federation in general are traditionally collectivist in orientation, although increased globalization and post-Soviet capitalism may indicate high individualist values in younger generation Russians. Using path analysis we found that in addition to having direct effects, higher individualism indirectly affected substance use and risky sexual behavior through social self-control and negative life events. Higher collectivism was found to have a direct protective effect on risky sexual behavior and a direct effect on social self-control. However, collectivism was not found to have indirect effects on substance use or risky sexual behavior. Higher individualism appears to function as a risk factor for adolescent problem behavior and this relationship may be mediated by lower social self-control. Culturally-tailored prevention programs utilizing the individualism-collectivism framework may benefit from addressing social self-control.

Toxicology Analysis of Tissue-Mimicking Phantom Made From Gelatin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dolbashid, A. S.; Hamzah, N.; Zaman, W. S. W. K.; Mokhtar, M. S.

2017-06-01

Skin phantom mimics the biological skin tissues as it have the ability to respond to changes in its environment. The development of tissue-mimicking phantom could contributes towards the reduce usage of animal in cosmetics and pharmacokinetics. In this study, the skin phantoms made from gelatin were tested with four different commonly available cosmetic products to determine the toxicity of each substance. The four substances used were; mercury-based whitening face cream, carcinogenic liquid make-up foundation, paraben-based acne cleanser, and organic lip balm. Toxicity test were performed on all of the phantoms. For toxicity testing, topographical and electrophysiological changes of the phantoms were evaluated. The ability of each respective phantom to react with mild toxic substances and its electrical resistance were analysed in to determine the toxicity of all the phantom models. Four-electrode method along with custom made electrical impedance analyser was used to differentiate electrical resistance between intoxicated phantom and non-intoxicated phantom in this study. Electrical resistance values obtained from the phantom models were significantly higher than the control group. The result obtained suggests the phantom as a promising candidate to be used as alternative for toxicology testing in the future.

Annual banned-substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing.

PubMed

Thevis, Mario; Kuuranne, Tiia; Walpurgis, Katja; Geyer, Hans; Schänzer, Wilhelm

2016-01-01

The aim of improving anti-doping efforts is predicated on several different pillars, including, amongst others, optimized analytical methods. These commonly result from exploiting most recent developments in analytical instrumentation as well as research data on elite athletes' physiology in general, and pharmacology, metabolism, elimination, and downstream effects of prohibited substances and methods of doping, in particular. The need for frequent and adequate adaptations of sports drug testing procedures has been incessant, largely due to the uninterrupted emergence of new chemical entities but also due to the apparent use of established or even obsolete drugs for reasons other than therapeutic means, such as assumed beneficial effects on endurance, strength, and regeneration capacities. Continuing the series of annual banned-substance reviews, literature concerning human sports drug testing published between October 2014 and September 2015 is summarized and reviewed in reference to the content of the 2015 Prohibited List as issued by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), with particular emphasis on analytical approaches and their contribution to enhanced doping controls. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bisphenol A; Final Test Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is issuing a final rule, under section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) requiring manufacturers and processors of bisphenol A, hereinafter BPA, (4.4’-isopropylidenediphenol, CAS No. 80-05—7) to conduct a 90-day inhalation study.

40 CFR 721.8160 - Propanoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-, ethenyl ester.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.../min · cm2 after 8 hours of testing in accordance with the most current version of the American Society... will be released will be calculated before the substance enters control technology does not apply...

40 CFR 721.8160 - Propanoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-, ethenyl ester.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.../min · cm2 after 8 hours of testing in accordance with the most current version of the American Society... will be released will be calculated before the substance enters control technology does not apply...

A new alternative method for testing skin irritation using a human skin model: a pilot study.

PubMed

Miles, A; Berthet, A; Hopf, N B; Gilliet, M; Raffoul, W; Vernez, D; Spring, P

2014-03-01

Studies assessing skin irritation to chemicals have traditionally used laboratory animals; however, such methods are questionable regarding their relevance for humans. New in vitro methods have been validated, such as the reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model (Episkin®, Epiderm®). The comparison (accuracy) with in vivo results such as the 4-h human patch test (HPT) is 76% at best (Epiderm®). There is a need to develop an in vitro method that better simulates the anatomo-pathological changes encountered in vivo. To develop an in vitro method to determine skin irritation using human viable skin through histopathology, and compare the results of 4 tested substances to the main in vitro methods and in vivo animal method (Draize test). Human skin removed during surgery was dermatomed and mounted on an in vitro flow-through diffusion cell system. Ten chemicals with known non-irritant (heptylbutyrate, hexylsalicylate, butylmethacrylate, isoproturon, bentazon, DEHP and methylisothiazolinone (MI)) and irritant properties (folpet, 1-bromohexane and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI/MI)), a negative control (sodiumchloride) and a positive control (sodiumlaurylsulphate) were applied. The skin was exposed at least for 4h. Histopathology was performed to investigate irritation signs (spongiosis, necrosis, vacuolization). We obtained 100% accuracy with the HPT model; 75% with the RHE models and 50% with the Draize test for 4 tested substances. The coefficients of variation (CV) between our three test batches were <0.1, showing good reproducibility. Furthermore, we reported objectively histopathological irritation signs (irritation scale): strong (folpet), significant (1-bromohexane), slight (MCI/MI at 750/250ppm) and none (isoproturon, bentazon, DEHP and MI). This new in vitro test method presented effective results for the tested chemicals. It should be further validated using a greater number of substances; and tested in different laboratories in order to suitably evaluate reproducibility. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reduced Cortical Gray Matter Volume In Male Adolescents With Substance And Conduct Problems

PubMed Central

Dalwani, Manish; Sakai, Joseph T.; Mikulich-Gilbertson, Susan K.; Tanabe, Jody; Raymond, Kristen; McWilliams, Shannon K.; Thompson, Laetitia L.; Banich, Marie T.; Crowley, Thomas J.

2011-01-01

Boys with serious conduct and substance problems (“Antisocial Substance Dependence” (ASD)) repeatedly make impulsive and risky decisions in spite of possible negative consequences. Because prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in planning behavior in accord with prior rewards and punishments, structural abnormalities in PFC could contribute to a person's propensity to make risky decisions. Methods We acquired high-resolution structural images of 25 male ASD patients (ages 14–18 years) and 19 controls of similar ages using a 3T MR system. We conducted whole-brain voxel-based morphometric analysis (p<0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons at whole-brain cluster-level) using Statistical Parametric Mapping version-5 and tested group differences in regional gray matter (GM) volume with analyses of covariance, adjusting for total GM volume, age, and IQ; we further adjusted between-group analyses for ADHD and depression. As secondary analyses, we tested for negative associations between GM volume and impulsivity within groups and separately, GM volume and symptom severity within patients using whole-brain regression analyses. Results ASD boys had significantly lower GM volume than controls in left dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), right lingual gyrus and bilateral cerebellum, and significantly higher GM volume in right precuneus. Left DLPFC GM volume showed negative association with impulsivity within controls and negative association with substance dependence severity within patients. Conclusions ASD boys show reduced GM volumes in several regions including DLPFC, a region highly relevant to impulsivity, disinhibition, and decision-making, and cerebellum, a region important for behavioral regulation, while they showed increased GM in precuneus, a region associated with self-referential and self-centered thinking. PMID:21592680

Oxygen Uptake. Operational Control Tests for Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Instructor's Manual [and] Student Workbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wooley, John F.

Biological waste treatment in the activated sludge process is based on the ability of microorganisms to use dissolved oxygen in breaking down soluble organic substances. The oxygen uptake test is a means of measuring the respiration rate of microorganisms in this process. Designed for individuals who have completed National Pollutant Discharge…

14 CFR 120.107 - Substances for which testing must be conducted.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR CARRIERS AND OPERATORS FOR COMPENSATION OR HIRE: CERTIFICATION AND OPERATIONS DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING PROGRAM Drug Testing Program Requirements § 120.107 Substances for which testing... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Substances for which testing must be...

14 CFR 120.107 - Substances for which testing must be conducted.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR CARRIERS AND OPERATORS FOR COMPENSATION OR HIRE: CERTIFICATION AND OPERATIONS DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING PROGRAM Drug Testing Program Requirements § 120.107 Substances for which testing... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Substances for which testing must be...

14 CFR 120.107 - Substances for which testing must be conducted.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR CARRIERS AND OPERATORS FOR COMPENSATION OR HIRE: CERTIFICATION AND OPERATIONS DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING PROGRAM Drug Testing Program Requirements § 120.107 Substances for which testing... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Substances for which testing must be...

14 CFR 120.107 - Substances for which testing must be conducted.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR CARRIERS AND OPERATORS FOR COMPENSATION OR HIRE: CERTIFICATION AND OPERATIONS DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING PROGRAM Drug Testing Program Requirements § 120.107 Substances for which testing... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Substances for which testing must be...

14 CFR 120.107 - Substances for which testing must be conducted.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR CARRIERS AND OPERATORS FOR COMPENSATION OR HIRE: CERTIFICATION AND OPERATIONS DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING PROGRAM Drug Testing Program Requirements § 120.107 Substances for which testing... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Substances for which testing must be...

Religiosity and substance use among Asian American college students: moderated effects of race and acculturation.

PubMed

Luk, Jeremy W; Emery, Rebecca L; Karyadi, Kenny A; Patock-Peckham, Julie A; King, Kevin M

2013-06-01

Religiosity is a well-established protective factor against substance use among Caucasians, but limited research has examined its role among Asian Americans. The purposes of this study were (1) to examine whether the associations between religiosity and substance use outcomes differed across Caucasians and Asian Americans, and (2) to test whether acculturation moderated the associations between religiosity and substance use outcomes among Asian Americans. We utilized a large and diverse cross-sectional sample of 839 college students to test whether race moderated the associations between religiosity and substance use outcomes (Study 1). We then replicated and extended our findings in a separate college sample of 340 Asian Americans, and examined the moderating role of acculturation on the associations between religiosity and substance use outcomes (Study 2). Controlling for age, gender, and paternal education, religiosity was protective against alcohol use, alcohol problems, and marijuana use among Caucasians but was unrelated to these outcomes among Asian Americans in Study 1. In Study 2, religiosity was protective against alcohol problems only at high levels of acculturation. Moreover, religiosity was protective against marijuana use at both high and mean levels of acculturation, but not at low levels of acculturation. The protective effects of religiosity on alcohol use and problems varied across Caucasian and Asian American college students, and religiosity protected against alcohol problems and marijuana use only among more acculturated Asian Americans. These findings underscore the need to examine culturally-specific correlates of substance use outcomes among Asian Americans. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Screening adolescents for substance use-related high-risk sexual behaviors

PubMed Central

Levy, Sharon; Sherritt, Lon; Gabrielli, Joy; Shrier, Lydia A.; Knight, John R.

2010-01-01

Background: This analysis was undertaken to determine whether adolescents who screened positive for high-risk substance use with the CRAFFT questions were also more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors than their peers, and to determine the test-retest reliability of a substance use related sexual risk behaviors inventory. Methods: 12- to 18-year-old clinic patients completed a multi-part questionnaire that included 8 demographic items, the CRAFFT substance use screen, and a 14-item scale assessing sexual behaviors associated with substance use. Participants were invited to return one week later to complete an identical assessment battery. Results: Of the 305 study participants, 49 (16.1%) had a positive CRAFFT screen (score of 2 or greater, indicating high risk for substance abuse/dependence) and 101 (33.9%) reported sexual contact during the past 90 days. After controlling for gender, age, race, and number of parents in household, adolescents with a positive CRAFFT screen had significantly greater odds of having sexual contact after using alcohol or other drugs, of having a sexual partner who used alcohol or other drugs, of having sex without a condom, and of having multiple sexual partners within the past year, compared to their CRAFFT negative peers. The substance use related sexual risk behaviors inventory has acceptable test-retest reliability and the 10 frequency questions have scale-like properties with acceptable internal consistency (standardized Cronbach's Alpha = .79). Conclusion: Clinicians should pay special attention to counseling CRAFFT-positive adolescents regarding use of condoms, and the risks associated with sexual activity with multiple partners, while intoxicated, or with an intoxicated partner. PMID:19837353

The effect of recovery coaches for substance-involved mothers in child welfare: impact on juvenile delinquency.

PubMed

Douglas-Siegel, Jonah A; Ryan, Joseph P

2013-10-01

Despite the documented relationship between parental substance abuse and youth delinquency, the effects of parental interventions on delinquency outcomes are unknown. Such interventions are particularly vital for families in the child welfare system who are at heightened risk for both parental substance involvement and youth delinquency. The current study tested the impact of intensive case management in the form of a recovery coach for substance-involved mothers on youth delinquency outcomes among a randomized sample of 453 families involved in a Title IV-E experimental waiver demonstration in Cook County, Illinois. In comparison to control group participants, families enrolled in the Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse (AODA) waiver demonstration experienced a lower rate of juvenile arrest, net of factors such as demographic characteristics, primary drug of choice, and time spent in substitute care. Findings support efforts to curb delinquency among child-welfare involved youth by providing recovery coaches to their substance abusing or dependent parents. © 2013.

Alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, and caffeine use and symptom distress in schizophrenia.

PubMed

Hamera, E; Schneider, J K; Deviney, S

1995-09-01

The high prevalence of substance use, e.g., alcohol and illegal and nonprescribed drugs, in schizophrenia is widely recognized. One explanation for this high prevalence is that substance use may be a self-initiated method for managing symptoms. To test whether the intake of four substances--alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, and caffeine--would increase with increases in symptom distress, daily self-reports of symptom distress and substance intake over 12 weeks were analyzed with pooled time series analyses. Compliance with neuroleptic medication was added to the analyses to control for any changes in prescribed medication compliance while using nonprescribed drugs or alcohol. Of the four substances studied, only nicotine was significantly related to symptom distress. Higher distress with prodromal symptoms was related to decreases in nicotine use. Analysis of caffeine did not meet the criteria for significance but does provide direction for further research. Higher distress, with neurotic symptoms, was related to increases in caffeine use. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between nicotine and symptoms.

Factors that affect substance users' suicidal behavior: a view from the Addiction Severity Index in Korea.

PubMed

Kwon, Min; Yang, Soo; Park, Kyongran; Kim, Dai-Jin

2013-11-12

In South Korea, it has not been easy to negotiate studies that target drug users who are being punished by law, and accordingly, no study on suicidal ideation among substance users has been accomplished yet. In this study, the factors that affect substance users' suicidal ideation were confirmed. It was based on the data collected from 'The 2009 Study on Substance-Dependent Individuals in Korea' , which was conducted by The Catholic University of Korea in 2010 as a project sponsored by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea. This study targeted 523 former hospital inpatients, prison inmates, and persons under protective supervision who had used substances such as psychotropic drugs, marijuana, and narcotic agents, and were in the recovery stage at various treatment/rehabilitation centers. Student's t and chi-square tests were used, and multivariate analysis was performed to examine the strength of the relationships between suicide ideation and various factors. According to this study, 41% of these substance users planned suicide with suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was confirmed as associated with an unsatisfactory domestic environment, insufficient and unsatisfactory spare time experiences with others, emotional abuse, severe depression, and trouble with controlling violent behavior. Of the substance users who had planned to commit suicide, 56% attempted suicide. Their suicide attempts were shown to have been associated with insufficient protective supervision and the experiences of physical abuse, trouble with controlling violent behavior, and doctors' prescriptions due to psychological or emotional problems. Based on this analysis of the factors that affect suicidal behavior, preventive measures and strategies for substance user were suggested in this study.

Effects of the Communities That Care system on cross-sectional profiles of adolescent substance use and delinquency.

PubMed

Van Horn, M Lee; Fagan, Abigail A; Hawkins, J David; Oesterle, Sabrina

2014-08-01

Adolescent substance use and delinquency are major public health problems. Although community-based prevention strategies have been recommended to produce population-level reductions in rates of substance use and delinquency, few models show evidence of effectiveness. To test the efficacy of a community-based prevention system, Communities That Care (CTC), in reducing community rates of problem behaviors, particularly effects on specific profiles of adolescent substance use and delinquency in eighth- and tenth-graders. Twenty-four communities were randomized to CTC intervention or control groups. Data were collected from 14,099 8th- and 10th-grade students in these communities using anonymous cross-sectional surveys in 2004 and 2010 and analyzed in 2012. Outcomes were four different profiles of self-reported substance use and delinquency in 8th grade and five profiles in 10th grade. In the cross-sectional 2010 data, there was no intervention effect on the probability of experimenting with substances or of substance use coupled with delinquent activities for either grade. However, tenth-graders in intervention communities were significantly less likely to be alcohol users than those in control communities (OR=0.69, CI=0.48, 1.00). Cross-sectional population surveys showed evidence of CTC effects in reducing tenth-grade alcohol users but not experimenters. A community-wide reduction in adolescent alcohol use is important because alcohol is the most commonly used illicit substance during adolescence, and early initiation of alcohol use has been associated with alcohol-related disorders in adulthood. Failure to find hypothesized effects on experimenters qualifies these results. Copyright © 2014 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effectiveness of Multidimensional Family Therapy with Higher Severity Substance-Abusing Adolescents: Report from Two Randomized Controlled Trials

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, Craig E.; Dakof, Gayle A.; Greenbaum, Paul E.; Liddle, Howard A.

2010-01-01

Objective: We used growth mixture modeling to examine heterogeneity in treatment response in a secondary analysis of 2 randomized controlled trials testing multidimensional family therapy (MDFT), an established evidence-based therapy for adolescent drug abuse and delinquency. Method: The first study compared 2 evidence-based adolescent substance…

Preventing Drug Abuse Among Adolescent Girls: Outcome Data from an Internet-Based Intervention

PubMed Central

Schinke, Steven P.; Di Noia, Jennifer

2009-01-01

This study developed and tested an Internet-based gender-specific drug abuse prevention program for adolescent girls. A sample of seventh, eighth, and ninth grade girls (N = 236) from 42 states and 4 Canadian provinces were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. All girls completed an online pretest battery. Following pretest, intervention girls interacted with a 12-session, Internet-based gender-specific drug prevention program. Girls in both groups completed the measurement battery at posttest and 6-month follow-up. Analysis of posttest scores revealed no differences between groups for 30-day reports of alcohol, marijuana, poly drug use, or total substance use (alcohol and drugs). At 6-month follow-up, between-group effects were found on measures of 30-day alcohol use, marijuana use, poly drug use, and total substance use. Relative to girls in the control group, girls exposed to the Internet-based intervention reported lower rates of use for these substances. Moreover, girls receiving the intervention achieved gains over girls in the control group on normative beliefs and self-efficacy at posttest and 6-month follow-up, respectively. PMID:19728091

Drug Resistance and Substance Use Among Male and Female Adolescents in Alternative Secondary Schools in Guanajuato, Mexico

PubMed Central

Kulis, Stephen; Marsiglia, Flavio F.; Ayers, Stephanie L.; Booth, Jaime; Nuño-Gutiérrez, Bertha L.

2012-01-01

Objective: Research is limited on the strategies that Mexican adolescents use to resist use of alcohol, cigarettes, and other drugs. Cultural norms and gender socialization patterns concerning the acceptability of use of various substances by women and men influence Mexican youths in their responses to offers of substances. This study explored the drug-resistance strategies used by youth in the central Mexican state of Guanajuato, how their use predicted patterns of substance use, and how these associations differed by gender. Method: The analysis used cross-sectional survey data from 702 (60% male) students enrolled in eight alternative secondary education school sites in 2007. Participants reported the drug-resistance behaviors they used to deal with offers of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. Past-12-month use of the four drug-resistance strategies employed most often by U.S. youth—refuse, explain, avoid, and leave (R.E.A.L.)—and any other strategies were measured. Composite measures of lifetime and recent use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana were predicted in multivariate ordinary least squares regression analyses. Models were tested with and without controls for the frequency that respondents were offered substances and introduced gender interaction effects. Results: Controlling for substance use offers, more frequent use of a wide repertoire of R.E.A.L. strategies predicted less consumption of alcohol and cigarettes, and using non-R.E.A.L. strategies predicted less marijuana consumption. All of these relationships were either stronger for males than for females or significant for males only. Conclusions: Gender differences exist in the impact of R.E.A.L. strategies on substance use among youth in Mexico. Despite a narrowing gender gap in substance use in Mexico, large exposure to and susceptibility of substance use remains. Developing effective prevention programs in Mexico based on teaching appropriate drug-resistance strategies and enhancing communication skills could aid in reducing substance use among Mexican adolescents. PMID:22152668

Parental control, parental warmth, and psychosocial adjustment in a sample of substance-abusing mothers and their school-aged and adolescent children

PubMed Central

Suchman, Nancy E.; Rounsaville, Bruce; DeCoste, Cindy; Luthar, Suniya

2007-01-01

Parenting interventions for substance-abusing adults have been broadly based on two approaches, one emphasizing parental control as a means to managing children’s behavior and the second emphasizing parental warmth and sensitivity as means to fostering children’s psychological development. In this investigation, we examined associations of parental control and parental warmth, respectively, with children’s behavioral and psychological adjustment in a sample of 98 women enrolled in methadone maintenance and their school-aged and adolescent children. Using collateral data collected during the baseline phase of a randomized clinical trial (Luthar, S. S., Suchman, N. E., & Altomare, M. [in press]. Relational Psychotherapy Mothers Group: A randomized clinical trial for substance abusing mothers [in preparation]), we tested predictions that (a) parental control would be more strongly associated with children’s behavioral adjustment and (b) parental warmth would be more strongly associated with children’s psychological adjustment. Both predictions were generally confirmed, although some crossover among parenting and child dimensions was also evident. Results support the theoretical stance that parental limit setting and autonomy support, as well as nurturance and involvement, are important factors, respectively, in children’s behavioral and psychological adjustment. PMID:17175393

New DEA rules expand options for controlled substance disposal.

PubMed

Peterson, David M

2015-03-01

Prescription drug abuse and overdose are rapidly growing problems in the United States. The United States federal Disposal of Controlled Substances Rule became effective 9 October 2014, implementing the Secure and Responsible Drug Disposal Act of 2010 (Disposal Act). These regulations target escalating prescription drug misuse by reducing accumulation of unused controlled substances that may be abused, diverted or accidentally ingested. Clinical areas that can now participate in collecting unused controlled substances include retail pharmacies, hospitals or clinics with an onsite pharmacy, and narcotic treatment programs. Collection methods include placing a controlled substance collection receptacle or instituting a mail-back program. Because prompt onsite destruction of collected items is required of mail-back programs, collection receptacles are more likely to be used in clinical areas. Retail pharmacies and hospitals or clinics with an onsite pharmacy may also place and maintain collection receptacles at long-term care facilities. The Act and Rule are intended to increase controlled substance disposal methods and expand local involvement in collection of unused controlled substances. Potential barriers to participating in controlled substance collection include acquisition of suitable collection receptacles and liners, lack of available space meeting the necessary criteria, lack of employee time for verification and inventory requirements, and program costs.

Influence of plant-originated gastroproteciive and antiulcer substances on gastric mucosal repair.

PubMed

Zayachkivska, O S; Konturek, S J; Drozdowicz, D; Brzozowski, T; Gzhegotsky, M R

2004-01-01

Fundamental basis of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in mucosal injury and repair in gastrointestinal tract helps to develop new therapeutic approaches to various gut mucosal injury- related diseases. The study was aimed to assess the relations between plant-originated substances and their bioactivity measured in terms of antioxidant, cytoprotective and antiulceric activities and to deteminate if these effects are capable of affecting the gastric mucosal lesions induced by absolute ethanol applied intragastrically. The following plant-originated substances were considered: Solon, capsaicin, grapefruit-seed extract and amaranth. The area of gastric mucosa lesions and gastric blood flow were measured in rats with ethanol-induced lesions without (control) and with one of the tested substances without and with capsaicin denervation of afferent nerves or administration of L-nitro-arginine (L-NNA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). male Wistar rats, weighing 180-220 g fasted for 24 h before the study, 100% ethanol was applied ig to induced gastric lesions, whose area was determined by planimetry. Gastric blood flow was assessed using electrolytic regional blood flowmeter. All tested plant-originated substances afforded gastroprotection against ethanol-induced damage and this was accompanied by an increase in gastric microcirculation, both changes being reversed by pretreatment with neurotoxic dose of capsaicin or by pretreatment-with L-NNA. Plant-originated substances are highly gastroprotective probably due to enhancement of the expression of NOS I, NO release and an increase in gastric microcirculation.

Evidence that anhedonia is a symptom of opioid dependence associated with recent use.

PubMed

Garfield, Joshua B B; Cotton, Sue M; Allen, Nicholas B; Cheetham, Ali; Kras, Marni; Yücel, Murat; Lubman, Dan I

2017-08-01

Anhedonia is prevalent among substance-dependent populations. The hedonic allostasis model suggests this is due to the effects of addictive substances on neural substrates of reward processing. However, previous research may have been confounded by other factors likely to influence anhedonia, including tobacco use, psychopathology, and history of trauma and other stressors. Thus it remains unclear whether elevated anhedonia in substance-dependent populations is caused by substance use itself, or is due to other correlates of substance dependence. Multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted to test whether opioid-dependent participants' anhedonia scores were elevated, relative to a non-dependent control group, after controlling for psychosocial factors likely to influence anhedonia. Correlational analyses within opioid-dependent participants were also conducted to examine whether anhedonia was associated with recent illicit opioid use or duration of abstinence. There was a modest, but significant, elevation in anhedonia in opioid-dependent participants, relative to controls (Partial η 2 =0.034, p=0.041) after controlling for psychosocial variables that were associated with anhedonia. Depressive symptoms and history of post-traumatic stress disorder also remained significantly associated with anhedonia in the adjusted model. Among participants on opioid pharmacotherapy, there were significant associations between frequency of recent illicit opioid use and scores on anhedonia measures (all r s >0.25, p<0.013), but among abstinent opioid-dependent participants, relationships between duration of abstinence and anhedonia were not significant (all r s <0.24, p>0.22). These findings support the hypothesis that use of opioids can cause anhedonia, although other psychosocial factors may also contribute to the high prevalence of anhedonia among opioid-dependent populations. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

13 CFR 147.610 - Controlled substance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Controlled substance. 147.610 Section 147.610 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (NONPROCUREMENT) Definitions § 147.610 Controlled substance. Controlled...

40 CFR 766.12 - Testing guidelines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....12 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT... must be developed using methods equivalent to those described or reviewed in Guidelines for the... this part (Docket No. OPPTS-83002) and are available for inspection in the Non-Confidential Information...

40 CFR 766.12 - Testing guidelines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

....12 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT... must be developed using methods equivalent to those described or reviewed in Guidelines for the... this part (Docket No. OPPTS-83002) and are available for inspection in the Non-Confidential Information...

40 CFR 766.12 - Testing guidelines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....12 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT... must be developed using methods equivalent to those described or reviewed in Guidelines for the... this part (Docket No. OPPTS-83002) and are available for inspection in the Non-Confidential Information...

76 FR 51401 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-18

... Methamphetamine (1105), a basic class of controlled substance listed in schedule II. The above listed controlled... substance. The methamphetamine will not be sold as a commercial product. The company plans to utilize a bulk... substance, and further distribution to its customers. The methamphetamine will not be sold. Any other such...

Prevalence of drug and alcohol use in urban Afghanistan: epidemiological data from the Afghanistan National Urban Drug Use Study (ANUDUS).

PubMed

Cottler, Linda B; Ajinkya, Shaun; Goldberger, Bruce A; Ghani, Mohammad Asrar; Martin, David M; Hu, Hui; Gold, Mark S

2014-10-01

Previous attempts to assess the prevalence of drug use in Afghanistan have focused on subgroups that are not generalisable. In the Afghanistan National Urban Drug Use Study, we assessed risk factors and drug use in Afghanistan through self-report questionnaires that we validated with laboratory test confirmation using analysis of hair, urine, and saliva. The study took place between July 13, 2010, to April 25, 2012, in 11 Afghan provinces. 2187 randomly selected households completed a survey, representing 19 025 household members. We completed surveys with the female head of the household about past and current drug use among members of their household. We also obtained hair, urine, and saliva samples from 5236 people in these households and tested them for metabolites of 13 drugs. Of 2170 households with biological samples tested, 247 (11·4%) tested positive for any drug. Overall, opioids were the most prevalent drug in the biological samples (5·6%), although prescription drugs (prescription pain pills, sedatives, and tranquilliser) were the most commonly reported in the past 30 days in the questionnaires (7·6%). Of individuals testing positive for at least one substance, opioids accounted for more than 50% of substance use in women and children, but only a third of substances in men, who predominantly tested positive for cannabinoids. After controlling for age with direct standardisation, individual prevalence of substance use (from laboratory tests) was 7·2% (95% CI 6·1-8·3) in men and 3·1% (2·5-3·7) in women-with a national prevalence of 5·1% (4·4-5·8) and a prevalence of 5·0% (4·1-5·8) in Kabul. Concordance between laboratory test results and self-reports was high. These data suggest the female head of household to be a knowledgeable informant for household substance use. They also might provide insight into new avenues for targeted behavioural interventions and prevention messages. Copyright © 2014 Cottler et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY-NC-ND. Published by .. All rights reserved.

19 CFR 162.62 - Permissible controlled substances on vessels, aircraft, and individuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Controlled Substances, Narcotics, and Marihuana § 162.62 Permissible controlled substances on vessels... medicine chests and first aid packets. (c) By an individual where lawfully obtained for personal medical...

77 FR 38086 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application; Chemica

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-26

... bulk manufacturer of Methamphetamine (1105), a basic class of controlled substance listed in schedule... schedule III non-narcotic controlled substance. The methamphetamine will not be sold as a commercial...

Worldwide legislative challenges related to psychoactive drugs.

PubMed

Negrei, Carolina; Galateanu, Bianca; Stan, Miriana; Balalau, Cristian; Dumitru, Mircea Lucian Bogdan; Ozcagli, Eren; Fenga, Concettina; Kovatsi, Leda; Fragou, Domniki; Tsatsakis, Aristidis

2017-06-02

The discovery of a "new" psychoactive substance is a relatively exceptional event, while the regulatory response usually involved the assessment of risks to public health and inclusion of the novel substance in the national list of controlled substances. However, in recent years we have witnessed the rapid emergence of new chemical substances, which elude international control and pose a challenge to existing processes and a threat to the credibility of control systems. We currently review and present characteristics of these legal and illegal new substances and issues regarding their global monitoring and regulatory measures already taken, or in the process of being taken, for their control. The concept of prohibition applied in active substance-related legislation is rather hazard ridden as balance is required between the ban on substances of potential therapeutic use and the access on the market of high-risk substances. Current and future laws regarding psychoactive compounds.

Extending Previous cG×I Findings on 5-HTTLPR's Moderation of Intervention Effects on Adolescent Substance Misuse Initiation.

PubMed

Schlomer, Gabriel L; Cleveland, H Harrington; Feinberg, Mark E; Wolf, Pedro S A; Greenberg, Mark T; Spoth, Richard L; Redmond, Cleve; Tricou, Eric P; Vandenbergh, David J

2017-11-01

This study addresses replication in candidate gene × environment interaction (cG×E) research by investigating if the key findings from Brody, Beach, Philibert, Chen, and Murry (2009) can be detected using data (N = 1,809) from the PROSPER substance use preventive intervention delivery system. Parallel to Brody et al., this study tested the hypotheses that substance misuse initiation would increase faster from age 11 to age 14 and be higher at age 14 among: (a) 5-HTTLPR short carrier adolescents versus long homozygotes, (b) control versus intervention adolescents, and (c) 5-HTTLPR short carriers in the control condition versus all other participants. The hypotheses were generally supported and results were consistent with Brody et al.'s cG×I finding. Results are discussed in light of replication issues in cG×E research and implications for intervention. © 2016 The Authors. Child Development © 2016 Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.

School Bonds and the Onset of Substance Use among Korean Youth: An Examination of Social Control Theory

PubMed Central

Han, Yoonsun; Kim, Heejoo; Ma, Julie

2015-01-01

This study examined the association between school bonds and the onset of substance use among adolescents in South Korea. Based on Hirschi’s social control theory, this study tested the roles of teacher attachment, educational aspiration, extracurricular activities, and rule internalization—four elements of social bonds within the school setting—in delayed initiation of alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking. Discrete-time logistic regression was used to analyze five waves of the Korea Youth Panel Survey (N = 3449 at baseline), a nationally representative sample of Korean youth. Stronger teacher attachment, higher educational aspiration, and higher rule internalization were correlated with delayed onset of alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking. On the other hand, participation in school extracurricular activities was positively associated with the onset of alcohol drinking, but not statistically significantly linked with the onset of cigarette smoking. These findings suggest that early prevention strategies for youth substance use should specifically target school-related factors that represent social bonds developed among youth. PMID:25761170

78 FR 38355 - Center for Substance Abuse Prevention; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-26

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration... given that the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's (SAMHSA) Center for Substance... methodologies; proficiency testing; best practices experiences; and hair drug testing data. The public is...

40 CFR 82.11 - Exports of class I controlled substances to Article 5 Parties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... substances to Article 5 Parties. 82.11 Section 82.11 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Controls § 82.11 Exports of class I controlled substances to Article 5 Parties. (a) If apportioned Article... substances) to foreign states listed in appendix E to this subpart (Article 5 countries). (1) A person must...

40 CFR 792.83 - Reagents and solutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Reagents and solutions. 792.83 Section 792.83 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Testing Facilities Operation § 792.83 Reagents and...

40 CFR 792.41 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true General. 792.41 Section 792.41 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Facilities § 792.41 General. Each testing facility shall be of...

40 CFR 795.225 - Dermal pharmacokinetics of DGBE and DGBA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Dermal pharmacokinetics of DGBE and DGBA. 795.225 Section 795.225 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional Health Effects...

40 CFR 795.225 - Dermal pharmacokinetics of DGBE and DGBA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Dermal pharmacokinetics of DGBE and DGBA. 795.225 Section 795.225 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional Health Effects...

40 CFR 795.225 - Dermal pharmacokinetics of DGBE and DGBA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Dermal pharmacokinetics of DGBE and DGBA. 795.225 Section 795.225 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional Health Effects...

40 CFR 795.225 - Dermal pharmacokinetics of DGBE and DGBA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Dermal pharmacokinetics of DGBE and DGBA. 795.225 Section 795.225 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) PROVISIONAL TEST GUIDELINES Provisional Health Effects...

Polyhalogenated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/ Dibenzofurans; Testing and Reporting Requirements; Final Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This document promulgates regulations under sections 4 and 8 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). 15 U.S.C. 2603 and 2607 for chemicals which may be contaminated with chlorinated and brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (HDDs) and dibenzofurans (HDFs)

75 FR 62570 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-12

... methamphetamine (1105), a basic class of controlled substance listed in schedule II. The above-listed controlled... substance. The methamphetamine will not be sold as a commercial product in the domestic market. A comment...

The impact of substance abuse on osteoporosis screening and risk of osteoporosis in women with psychotic disorders.

PubMed

Kelly, D L; Myers, C S; Abrams, M T; Feldman, S; Park, J; McMahon, R P; Shim, J-C

2011-04-01

Review of the 1-year prevalence of screening for osteoporosis and of osteoporosis or idiopathic fracture in Maryland Medicaid administrative records found that screening rates did not differ among women in the control population, women with psychosis, and women with major mood disorders, but were reduced compared to controls in women with substance use disorder, with or without psychosis. Prevalence of osteoporosis was increased compared to controls in women with major mood disorders or women over 55 dually diagnosed with psychosis and substance use disorder. Osteoporosis is a major public health concern. Substance abuse and psychosis may be risk factors, however, frequency of screening and disease risk in women with psychotic disorders and substance use disorder (SUD) remains unknown. This study examined rates (FY 2005) of osteoporosis screening and disease risk in Medicaid enrolled women aged 50 to 64 (N = 18,953). Four diagnostic groups were characterized: (1) psychosis, (2) SUD, (3) major mood disorder, and (4) controls. The interaction of psychosis and SUD on screening and disease prevalence of osteoporosis was tested. The prevalence of osteoporosis across the entire population was 6.7%. Four percent of those without an osteoporosis diagnosis received osteoporosis screening with no notable differences between psychosis and controls. Those with SUD, however, had a significant reduction in screening compared to controls (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.40-0.91, p = 0.016). Women with a major mood disorder were more likely to have osteoporosis in their administrative record (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.03-1.70, p = 0.028) compared to controls. Those who were dually diagnosed (SUD and psychosis) in the oldest ages (55-64 years) had a markedly higher prevalence of osteoporosis compared to controls (OR = 6.4 CI = 1.51-27.6, p = 0.012), whereas this interaction (SUD and psychosis) was not significant in the entire population over age 49. Osteoporosis screening in the Medicaid population is significantly lower for women with SUD, after adjusting for age, race, and Medicaid enrollment category. The prevalence of osteoporosis appears markedly elevated in those with major mood disorders and those over age 55 dually diagnosed with schizophrenia and SUD.

Influenza infection causes airway hyperresponsiveness by decreasing enkephalinase.

PubMed

Jacoby, D B; Tamaoki, J; Borson, D B; Nadel, J A

1988-06-01

Ferret tracheal segments were infected with human influenza virus A/Taiwan/86 (H1N1) in vitro. After 4 days, the smooth muscle contractile responses to acetylcholine and to substance P were measured. The response to substance P was markedly accentuated, with a threefold increase in force of contraction at a substance P concentration of 10(-5) M, the highest concentration tested. In contrast, the response to acetylcholine was not affected by viral infection. Histological examination of tissues revealed extensive epithelial desquamation. Activity of enkephalinase (neutral metallo-endopeptidase, EC.3.4.24.11), an enzyme that degrades substance P, was decreased by 50% in infected tissues. Inhibiting enkephalinase activity by pretreating with thiorphan (10(-5) M) increased the response to substance P to the same final level in both infected and control tissues. Inhibiting other substance P-degrading enzymes including kininase II (angiotensin-converting enzyme), serine proteases, and aminopeptidases did not affect the response to substance P. Inhibiting cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activity using indomethacin and BW 755c did not affect hyperresponsiveness to substance P. Pretreating tissues with antagonists of alpha-adrenoceptors, beta-adrenoceptors, and H1 histamine receptors (phentolamine 10(-5) M, propranolol 5 X 10(-6) M, and pyrilamine 10(-5) M, respectively) had no effect on substance P-induced contraction. These results demonstrate that infection of ferret airway tissues with influenza virus increases the contractile response of airway smooth muscle to substance P. This effect is caused by decreased enkephalinase activity in infected tissues.

Effectiveness of a universal internet-based prevention program for ecstasy and new psychoactive substances: a cluster randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Champion, Katrina E; Newton, Nicola C; Stapinski, Lexine A; Teesson, Maree

2016-08-01

To evaluate the effectiveness of an online school-based prevention program for ecstasy (MDMA) and new psychoactive substances (NPS). Cluster randomized controlled trial with two groups (intervention and control). Eleven secondary schools in Australia. A total of 1126 students (mean age: 14.9 years). The internet-based Climate Schools: Ecstasy and Emerging Drugs module uses cartoon storylines to convey information about harmful drug use. It was delivered once weekly, during a 4-week period, during health education classes. Control schools received health education as usual. Primary outcomes were self-reported intentions to use ecstasy and NPS at 12 months. Secondary outcomes were ecstasy and NPS knowledge and life-time use of ecstasy and NPS. Surveys were administered at baseline, post-intervention and 6 and 12 month post-baseline. At 12 months, the proportion of students likely to use NPS was significantly greater in the control group (1.8%) than the intervention group [0.5%; odds ratio (OR) = 10.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.31-78.91]. However, students' intentions to use ecstasy did not differ significantly between groups (control = 2.1%, intervention = 1.6%; OR = 5.91, 95% CI = 1.01-34.73). There was a significant group difference in the change from baseline to post-test for NPS knowledge (β = -0.42, 95% CI = -0.62 to -0.21, Cohen's d = 0.77), with controls [mean = 2.78, standard deviation (SD = 1.48] scoring lower than intervention students (mean = 3.85, SD = 1.49). There was also evidence of a significant group difference in ecstasy knowledge at post-test (control: mean = 9.57, SD = 3.31; intervention: mean = 11.57, SD = 3.61; β = -0.54, 95% CI = -0.97 to -0.12, P = 0.01, d = 0.73). The Climate Schools: Ecstasy and Emerging Drugs module, a universal online school-based prevention program, appeared to reduce students' intentions to use new psychoactive substances and increased knowledge about ecstasy and new psychoactive substances in the short term. © 2016 Society for the Study of Addiction.

48 CFR 245.7310-5 - Controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... (Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs) to buy controlled substances as a medical practitioner, dealer... hallucinogenic drugs, shall be subject to the following special conditions: (a) Controlled Substances. Bids will... represents and warrants that it is registered under The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act...

[New psychoactive substances abuse among patients with access to methadone maintenance treatment in Jiangsu province: a case-control study].

PubMed

Cheng, Z; Chen, G H; Dai, M M; Luo, W; Lyu, P; Cao, X B

2018-05-10

Objective: To explore the reasons and factors associated with new psychoactive substances abuse among patients with access to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Methods: A well-developed questionnaire and urine tests were used to collect information about demographic characteristics, condition of MMT and drug abuse, family and social support of MMT clients. A 1∶1 matched case-control study was conducted, and conditional logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with new psychoactive substances abuse. Results: A total of 212 (106 pairs) clients receiving MMT were recruited, and most of them were males (78.3 % , 166/212), married or cohabitant (48.6 % , 103/212) and unemployed (63.2 % , 134/212). The average age of the clients was (45.1±7.2) years. The main types of abused new psychoactive substances were benzodiazepine (62.3 % , 66/106) and methamphetamine (39.6 % , 42/106). The proportion of abusing multi new psychoactive substances was 8.5 % (9/106). Results from multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that using opioid drug during the past 6 months of MMT treatment might increase the risk of abusing new psychoactive substances ( OR =3.25, 95 %CI : 1.35-7.79), benzodiazepine ( OR =3.25, 95 %CI : 1.11- 9.47) and methamphetamine ( OR =13.31, 95 %CI : 1.12-158.01). Moreover, MMT for more than9 years reduced the risk of abuse of new psychoactive substances ( OR =0.03, 95 %CI : 0.01-0.21), benzodiazepine ( OR =0.02, 95 %CI : 0.00-0.36) and methamphetamine ( OR =0.02, 95 %CI : 0.00-0.69). Conclusion: Less new psychoactive substances abuse might be associated with longer duration of MMT treatment. And inappropriate support from family and friends might increase the risk of abusing new psychoactive substances in MMT clients, especially in clients who used opioid.

21 CFR 310.103 - New drug substances intended for hypersensitivity testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... testing. 310.103 Section 310.103 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... § 310.103 New drug substances intended for hypersensitivity testing. (a) The Food and Drug... testing is not promoted by the manufacturer or distributor. (2) The new drug substance requested is an...

21 CFR 310.103 - New drug substances intended for hypersensitivity testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... testing. 310.103 Section 310.103 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... § 310.103 New drug substances intended for hypersensitivity testing. (a) The Food and Drug... testing is not promoted by the manufacturer or distributor. (2) The new drug substance requested is an...

21 CFR 310.103 - New drug substances intended for hypersensitivity testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... testing. 310.103 Section 310.103 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... § 310.103 New drug substances intended for hypersensitivity testing. (a) The Food and Drug... testing is not promoted by the manufacturer or distributor. (2) The new drug substance requested is an...

21 CFR 310.103 - New drug substances intended for hypersensitivity testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... testing. 310.103 Section 310.103 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... § 310.103 New drug substances intended for hypersensitivity testing. (a) The Food and Drug... testing is not promoted by the manufacturer or distributor. (2) The new drug substance requested is an...

21 CFR 310.103 - New drug substances intended for hypersensitivity testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... testing. 310.103 Section 310.103 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... § 310.103 New drug substances intended for hypersensitivity testing. (a) The Food and Drug... testing is not promoted by the manufacturer or distributor. (2) The new drug substance requested is an...