Special type culvert headwall, Culvert No. 109 Outlet, oblique view, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Special type culvert headwall, Culvert No. 109 Outlet, oblique view, view to southeast - Route No. 1-Overton-Lake Mead Road, Culverts and Headwalls, 6 miles south of Overton, Overton, Clark County, NV

North concrete portal of Culvert No. 1423, Purslane Run Culvert, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

North concrete portal of Culvert No. 1423, Purslane Run Culvert, which connects to C&O Canal Culvert No. 211, looking east. - Western Maryland Railway, Cumberland Extension, Pearre to North Branch, from WM milepost 125 to 160, Pearre, Washington County, MD

1. STONE PORTAL AND CULVERT UNDER SOUTHSIDE DRIVE 30 YDS. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. STONE PORTAL AND CULVERT UNDER SOUTHSIDE DRIVE 30 YDS. EAST OF JUNCTION WITH WAWONA ROAD (HIGHWAY 49), SOUTH ELEVATION. NOTE STONE FLOORING OUTSIDE OF CULVERT, CONCRETE LINING INSIDE CULVERT. - Bridalveil Fall Culverts, Spanning small watercourses on Southside Drive, Yosemite Village, Mariposa County, CA

64. Paynes Creek Culvert. This concrete box culvert is a ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

64. Paynes Creek Culvert. This concrete box culvert is a typical example of a concrete box culvert finished with rusticated stone. Its arches reflect the rigid frame structures. Looking west. - Blue Ridge Parkway, Between Shenandoah National Park & Great Smoky Mountains, Asheville, Buncombe County, NC

Turtles and culverts, and alternative energy development: an unreported but potentially significant mortality threat to the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lovich, J.E.; Ennen, J.R.; Madrak, S.; Grover, B.

2011-01-01

Culverts are often used to increase the permeability of roaded landscapes for wildlife, including turtles. Although the benefits of culverts as safe passages for turtles are well documented, under some conditions culverts can entrap them and cause mortality. Here we report a culvert-related mortality in the federally threatened desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) at a wind energy facility in California and offer simple recommendations to mitigate the negative effects of culverts for wildlife in general.

Simulation of heat losses and ground temperatures for district-heating culverts. Comparison with field experiments for well-insulated, damaged, and extra-insulated culverts

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hagentoft, C.E.

1986-01-01

Many old district-heating culverts are in bad condition due to the entry of water into the thermal insulation. The thermal conductivity, and thereby the heat loss from the culvert, is much larger for a wet than a dry thermal insulation. The high energy prices make it interesting and necessary to find the water-damaged parts of the district-heating culvert and improve the thermal insulation so that a reduction in the heat losses is obtained. The aim of the project is to develop a simple field method to determine the heat loss and the condition of the culvert. The method is basedmore » on the measurement of the temperature on the top of the culvert and a classification of the soil. The classification of the soil gives an estimation of its thermal conductivity. The heat loss and the reduction in heat loss due to an extra insulation is estimated from these data. Five different types of culverts were tested: two types of asbestos cement culverts, one concrete culvert, and two aerated concrete culverts. The comparison of the measured temperatures and the temperatures obtained from the simulations is reported in the study.« less

4. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING INDIAN CREEK (FOREGROUND) AND CULVERT. AQUEDUCT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING INDIAN CREEK (FOREGROUND) AND CULVERT. AQUEDUCT PASSES ABOVE CULVERT. - Old Croton Aqueduct, Indian Creek Culvert, Reservoir & Quaker Bridge Roads, Crotonville, Ossining, Westchester County, NY

Computation of peak discharge at culverts

USGS Publications Warehouse

Carter, Rolland William

1957-01-01

Methods for computing peak flood flow through culverts on the basis of a field survey of highwater marks and culvert geometry are presented. These methods are derived from investigations of culvert flow as reported in the literature and on extensive laboratory studies of culvert flow. For convenience in computation, culvert flow has been classified into six types, according to the location of the control section and the relative heights of the head-water and tail-water levels. The type of flow which occurred at any site can be determined from the field data and the criteria given in this report. A discharge equation has been developed for each flow type by combining the energy and continuity equations for the distance between an approach section upstream from the culvert and a terminal section within the culvert barrel. The discharge coefficient applicable to each flow type is listed for the more common entrance geometries. Procedures for computing peak discharge through culverts are outlined in detail for each of the six flow types.

Evaluation of safety treatments for roadside culverts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-04-24

Roadside cross-drainage culverts have been found to impact vehicle accident injury levels. : Designers have commonly used three safety treatments to protect errant drivers from culvert accidents. : These treatments have included: culvert extension, g...

Research notes : retrofitting culverts for fish.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-01-01

Culverts are a well established method to pass a roadway over a waterway. Standard design criteria exist for meeting the hydraulic requirements for moving the water through the culverts. However, the hydraulic conditions resulting from many culvert d...

Enhanced culvert inspections - best practices guidebook : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-06-01

Culvert inspection is a key enabler that allows MnDOT to manage the states highway culvert system. When quantitative detail on culvert condition is required, an inspector will need to use enhanced inspection technologies. Enhanced inspection techn...

Movement and survival of an amphibian in relation to sediment and culvert design

USGS Publications Warehouse

Honeycutt, R.K; Lowe, W.H.; Hossack, Blake R.

2016-01-01

Habitat disturbance from stream culverts can affect aquatic organisms by increasing sedimentation or forming barriers to movement. Land managers are replacing many culverts to reduce these negative effects, primarily for stream fishes. However, these management actions are likely to have broad implications for many organisms, including amphibians in small streams. To assess the effects of culverts on movement and survival of the Idaho giant salamander (Dicamptodon aterrimus), we used capture-mark-recapture surveys and measured sediment in streams with 2 culvert types (i.e., unimproved culverts, improved culverts) and in streams without culverts (i.e., reference streams). We predicted culverts would increase stream sediment levels, limit movement, and reduce survival of Idaho giant salamanders. We also determined the effect of sediment levels on survival of salamanders because although sediment is often associated with distribution and abundance of stream amphibians, links with vital rates remain unclear. To estimate survival, we used a spatial Cormack–Jolly–Seber (CJS) model that explicitly incorporated information on movement, eliminating bias in apparent survival estimated from traditional (i.e., non-spatial) CJS models caused by permanent emigration beyond the study area. To demonstrate the importance of using spatial data in studies of wildlife populations, we compared estimates from the spatial CJS to estimates of apparent survival from a traditional CJS model. Although high levels of sediment reduced survival of salamanders, culvert type was unrelated to sediment levels or true survival of salamanders. Across all streams, we documented only 15 movement events between study reaches. All movement events were downstream, and they occurred disproportionately in 1 stream, which precluded measuring the effect of culvert design on movement. Although movement was low overall, the variance among streams was high enough to bias estimates of apparent survival compared to true survival. Our results suggest that where sedimentation occurs from roads and culverts, survival of the Idaho giant salamander could be reduced. Though culverts clearly do not completely block downstream movements of Idaho giant salamanders, the degree to which culvert improvements affect movements under roads in comparison to unimproved culverts remains unclear, especially for rare, but potentially important, upstream movements.

3. AERIAL VIEW OF SAW MILL RIVER CULVERT. NEPPERHAN AVENUE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. AERIAL VIEW OF SAW MILL RIVER CULVERT. NEPPERHAN AVENUE IS AT LEFT, SLIGHTLY FILLED SAW MILL RIVER CULVERT IS ON RIGHT. - Old Croton Aqueduct, Saw Mill River Culvert, Spanning Nepperhan Avenue, Yonkers, Westchester County, NY

Feasibility of applying cathodic protection to underground culverts : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-01-01

The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development uses coated metal culverts throughout the state. Once placed, all coated metal culverts start to experience corrosion. The extent of corrosion taking place on these culverts range from slight...

Size and Placement of Metal Culverts Critical on Peatland Woods Roads

Treesearch

J.H. Stoeckeler

1967-01-01

Culverts too small in diameter or poorly placed were major causes of timber flooding and tree damage. Placement problems were poor culvert slope, poor hydraulic approach, lack of gravel bedding, and too little soil covering the culverts.

A study of bankfull culvert design effectiveness.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-06-01

As part of the certification under the Clean Water Act 404 Nationwide Permit, the Ohio EPA mandated that the Ohio DOT install bankfull culverts in all new culvert installations subject to the permit. In addition, by embedding the culvert, the bottom ...

Culvert designs for aquatic organism passage : culvert design practices incorporating sediment transport.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-03-01

The design of culverts to accommodate aquatic organism passage (AOP) requires an understanding of organism habitat : requirements, swimming ability and migration needs, as well as an understanding of how a culvert design will perform in a : specific ...

Making Culverts Great Again: Modeling Road Culvert Vulnerability to Assist Prioritization of Local Infrastructure Investment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gold, D.; Walter, M. T.; Watkins, L.; Kaufman, Z.; Meyer, A.; Mahaney, M.

2016-12-01

The concurrent threats posed by climate change and aging infrastructure have become of increasing concern in recent years. In the Northeastern US, storms such as Hurricane Irene and Super Storm Sandy have highlighted the vulnerability of infrastructure to extreme weather events, which are projected to become more frequent under future climate change scenarios. Road culverts are one type of infrastructure that is particularly vulnerable to such threats. Culverts allow roads to safely traverse small streams or drainage ditches, and their proper design is critical to ensuring a safe and reliable transportation network. Much of the responsibility for designing and maintaining road culverts lies at the local level, but many local governments lack the resources to quantify the vulnerability of their culverts to major storms. This study contributes a model designed to assist local governments in rapidly assessing the vulnerability of large numbers of culverts and identifies common characteristics of vulnerable culverts. Model inputs include culvert geometry and location data collected by trained local field teams. The model uses custom tools created in ArcGIS and Python to determine the maximum return period storm that each culvert can safely convey under current and projected future rainfall regimes. As a demonstration, over 1000 culverts in New York State were modeled. It was found that a significant percentage of modeled culverts failed to convey the current 5 year return period storm event (deemed a failure) and this percentage increased under projected future rainfall conditions. The model results were analyzed to determine correlations between culvert characteristics and failure. Characteristics investigated included watershed size, road type (state, county or local), affluence of the surrounding area and suitability for aquatic organism passage. Results from this study can be used by local governments to quantify and characterize the vulnerability of current infrastructure and prioritize future infrastructure investment.

South stone portal of C&O Canal Culvert No. 211, which ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

South stone portal of C&O Canal Culvert No. 211, which connects to WM Culvert No. 1423, Purslane Run Culvert, looking west. - Western Maryland Railway, Cumberland Extension, Pearre to North Branch, from WM milepost 125 to 160, Pearre, Washington County, MD

Cathodic protection of culverts-field application and expert system : technical summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-06-01

Louisiana used metal culverts throughout the state for drainage purposes. Culverts made of concrete were also used, but large concrete culverts were more expensive and the foundation had to be able to bear their weight. However, the use of metal culv...

Cathodic protection of culverts : field application and expert system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-06-01

Coated metal culverts are used throughout the state of Louisiana. These culverts are susceptible to both internal and external corrosion once they are placed in the ground. It is simply a matter of time before all of the culverts in the state corrode...

1. View east at west facade of culvert outlet headwall, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. View east at west facade of culvert outlet headwall, above which part of the canal bank has been removed. Foreground to background: streambed and coffer dam (mound in center) that was used in dewatering the culvert; intake pipes (extreme left and right) for dewatering pumps; deteriorated culvert outlet headwall with upper portion of wall fallen away; horizontal masonry cutoff wall extending above the culvert outlet partially up the canal bank (cutoff wall was exposed by removal of part of canal bank); towpath at top of canal bank. - Delaware & Raritan Canal, Six Mile Run Culvert, .2 mile South of Blackwells Mills Road, East Millstone, Somerset County, NJ

Sediment concentration and turbidity changes during culvert removals.

PubMed

Foltz, Randy B; Yanosek, Kristina A; Brown, Timothy M

2008-05-01

The concentrations of sediment and turbidity in stream water were monitored during culvert removals to determine the short term effects of road obliteration. Sediment concentration was measured at 11 stream crossings among two locations in Idaho and one in Washington. Sediment concentration immediately below the culvert outlet exceeded levels above the culvert outlet by at least three orders of magnitude at all stream crossings. Sediment yields ranged from 170 to less than 1kg in the 24-h period following culvert removal. Turbidity exceeded the regulatory limits during culvert removal at all locations monitored in this study and remained above the limits beyond the monitoring periods of 24h at four of the locations. Sediment concentrations 100m downstream of the culvert outlet were reduced by an order of magnitude, but did not change the turbidity values sufficiently to meet regulatory limits. Sediment concentrations an average of 810m downstream of the culvert outlet were similar to sediment concentrations above the culvert for the entire excavation period and turbidity regulations were met. Mitigation consisting of two straw bales placed in the stream caused a significant reduction in sediment yield from an average of 67kg to an average of 1.6kg.

Energy dissipation in thirty-foot broken-back culverts using laboratory models.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-09-01

This research investigates the reduction in scour downstream of a broken-back culvert by forming a hydraulic jump : inside the culvert. A broken-back culvert is used in areas of high relief and steep topography as it has one or more breaks in profile...

Study on Calculation Model of Culvert Soil Pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Jing; Tian, Xiao-yan; Gao, Xiao-mei

2017-09-01

Culvert diseases are prevalent in highway engineering. There are many factors involved in the occurrence of the disease, and the problem is complex. However, the design cannot accurately determine the role of the soil pressure on the culvert is the main reason to the disease. Based on the theoretical analysis and field test, this paper studies the characteristics of the stress and deformation of the culvert-soil structure. According to the theory of soil mechanics, the calculation model of vertical soil pressure at the top of culvert is determined, and the formula of vertical soil pressure at the top of culvert is deduced. Through the field test of the vertical soil pressure at the top of culvert of several engineering examples, the calculation formula of this paper is verified, which can provide reference for future practical engineering.

MONITORING CULVERT PASSAGE OF JUVENILE SALMONIDS WITH PIT TAGS AND STATIONARY AND PORTABLE PIT-TAG READERS

EPA Science Inventory

Federal land management agencies in the PNW face increasing pressure to replace culverts that do not pass all life history stages of anadromous salmon and trout. Prioritization of culverts for replacement is often based on the physical parameters of culverts, and not on how fish...

Evaluating the Effects of Culvert Designs on Ecosystem Processes in Northern Wisconsin Streams

Treesearch

J. C. Olson; A. M. Marcarelli; A.L. Timm; S.L. Eggert; R.K. Kolka

2017-01-01

Culvert replacements are commonly undertaken to restore aquatic organism passage and stream hydrologic and geomorphic conditions, but their effects on ecosystem processes are rarely quantified. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of two culvert replacement designs on stream ecosystem processes. The stream simulation design, where culverts...

Sediment concentration and turbidity changes during culvert removals

Treesearch

Randy B. Foltz; Kristina A. Yanosek; Timothy M. Brown

2008-01-01

The concentrations of sediment and turbidity in stream water were monitored during culvert removals to determine the short term effects of road obliteration. Sediment concentration was measured at 11 stream crossings among two locations in Idaho and one in Washington. Sediment concentration immediately below the culvert outlet exceeded levels above the culvert outlet...

Measurement of earth pressures on concrete box culverts under highway embankments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, M.Z.; Drumm, E.C.; Bennett, R.M.

1999-07-01

To obtain a better understanding of the stresses acting on cast-in-place concrete box culverts, and to investigate the conditions which resulted in a culvert failure under about 12 meters of backfill, two sections of a new culvert were instrumented. The measured earth pressure distribution was found to depend upon the height of the embankment over the culvert. For low embankment heights (less than one-half the culvert width), the average measured vertical earth pressures, weighted by tributary length, were about 30% greater than the recommended AASHTO pressures. The measured lateral pressures were slightly greater than the AASHTO pressures. As the embankmentmore » height increased, the measured weighted average vertical stress exceeded the AASHTO pressures by about 20%. Lateral pressures which exceeded the vertical pressures were recorded at the bottom of the culvert walls, and small lateral pressures were recorded on the upper locations of the wall. The high lateral pressures at the base of the wall are consistent with the results from finite element analyses with high density (modulus) backfill material placed around the culvert.« less

Surface-Water Exchange through Culverts beneath State Road 9336 within Everglades National Park, 2004-05

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schaffranek, Raymond W.; Stewart, Marc A.; Nowacki, Daniel J.

2008-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey collected hydrologic data between June 2004 and December 2005 to investigate the temporal and spatial nature of flow exchanges through culverts beneath State Road 9336 within Everglades National Park. Continuous data collected during the study measured flow velocity, water level, salinity, conductivity, and water-temperature in or near seven culverts between Pa-hay-okee Overlook access road and Nine Mile Pond. The two culverts east of Pa-hay-okee Overlook access road flowed into Taylor Slough Basin from 87 to 96 percent of the study period, whereas flows through five culverts between Pa-hay-okee Overlook access road and Nine Mile Pond flowed into Shark River Slough Basin from 70 to 99 percent of the study period. Synoptic flow discharges measured at all culverts during three intensive field efforts revealed a net discharge into Taylor Slough Basin from Shark River Slough Basin through culverts between Royal Palm Road and Pa-hay-okee Overlook access road, and into Shark River Slough Basin from Taylor Slough Basin through culverts between Pa-hay-okee Overlook access road and Nine Mile Pond. Data collected during the study and presented in this report provided additional knowledge of the magnitude, direction, and nature of flow exchanges through the road culverts.

7 CFR 301.74-3 - Quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...; then west on West County House Road to Maple Ridge Road; then west on Maple Ridge Road to Culvert Road; then north on Culvert Road to Telegraph Road; then west on Telegraph Road to Beales Road; then north on Beales Road to Portage Road; then east on Portage Road to Culvert Rd; then north on Culvert Road to Route...

7 CFR 301.74-3 - Quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...; then west on West County House Road to Maple Ridge Road; then west on Maple Ridge Road to Culvert Road; then north on Culvert Road to Telegraph Road; then west on Telegraph Road to Beales Road; then north on Beales Road to Portage Road; then east on Portage Road to Culvert Rd; then north on Culvert Road to Route...

7 CFR 301.74-3 - Quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...; then west on West County House Road to Maple Ridge Road; then west on Maple Ridge Road to Culvert Road; then north on Culvert Road to Telegraph Road; then west on Telegraph Road to Beales Road; then north on Beales Road to Portage Road; then east on Portage Road to Culvert Rd; then north on Culvert Road to Route...

4. View southeast at culvert outlet with part of the ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. View southeast at culvert outlet with part of the canal bank removed. Right to left: dewatered streambed and coffer dam; tops of culvert barrels and curved wingwalls exposed; horizontal masonry cutoff wall partially up the canal bank. - Delaware & Raritan Canal, Six Mile Run Culvert, .2 mile South of Blackwells Mills Road, East Millstone, Somerset County, NJ

7 CFR 301.74-3 - Quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...; then west on West County House Road to Maple Ridge Road; then west on Maple Ridge Road to Culvert Road; then north on Culvert Road to Telegraph Road; then west on Telegraph Road to Beales Road; then north on Beales Road to Portage Road; then east on Portage Road to Culvert Rd; then north on Culvert Road to Route...

Criticality assessment of TRU burial ground culverts

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Winn, W.G.

1990-09-26

An effort to assess the criticality risks of {sup 239}Pu in TRU Burial Ground Culverts has been underway for several years. The concern arose from discrepancies in two types of monitors that have been used to assay the {sup 239}Pu waste prior to storage in 55-gallon drums that are placed in the culverts. One type is the solid waste monitor (SWM), which is based on gamma-ray measurements; the other is the neutron coincidence monitor, which is based on neutron measurements. The NCC was put into routine service after 1985 and has generally yielded higher 239 Pu assays than the SWM.more » Culverts with pre-1986 waste only had SWM assays of {sup 239}Pu; thus, it was questioned whether their actual {sup 239}Pu loadings could be high enough to pose criticality concerns. Studies to characterize the culvert criticality potential have included appraisal of NCC vs SWM, neutron measurements atop the culverts, gamma-ray measurements atop the culverts, and probabilistic risk analyses. Overall, these studies have implied that the culverts are critically safe; however, their results have not been examined collectively. The present report uses the collective information of the preceding studies to arrive at a more complete assessment of the culvert criticality aspects. A conservative k{sub eff} is estimated for an individual suspicious culvert and a PRA is evaluated for its {open_quotes}worst{close_quotes} drum. These two pieces of information form the basis of the appraisal, but other evidence is also included as support.« less

Hydraulic Evaluation of Marmet Lock Filling and Emptying System, Kanawha River, West Virginia

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-01

the culvert system was considered important because the lock design is a new In-chamber Longitudinal Culvert System (ILCS) that is found only on...emptying system during locking operations. A numerical model of the lock culvert system was developed to provide velocity and pressure information...35 6.1.3 Pressure on Inside of Culvert Bend

Assessing Juvenile Salmonid Passage Through Culverts: Field Research in Support of Protocol Development

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Williams, Greg D.; Evans, Nathan R.; Pearson, Walter H.

2001-10-30

The primary goal of our research this spring/ summer was to refine techniques and examine scenarios under which a standardized protocol could be applied to assess juvenile coho salmon (O. kisutch) passage through road culverts. Field evaluations focused on capture-mark- recapture methods that allowed analysis of fish movement patterns, estimates of culvert passability, and potential identification of cues inducing these movements. At this stage, 0+ age coho salmon fry 30 mm to 65 mm long (fork length) were the species and age class of interest. Ultimately, the protocol will provide rapid, statistically rigorous methods for trained personnel to perform standardizedmore » biological assessments of culvert passability to a number of juvenile salmon species. Questions to be addressed by the research include the following: ? Do hydraulic structures such as culverts restrict habitat for juvenile salmonids? ? How do existing culverts and retrofits perform relative to juvenile salmonid passage? ? Do some culvert characteristics and hydraulic conditions provide better passage than others? ? Does the culvert represent a barrier to certain size classes of fish? Recommendations addressed issues of study site selection, initial capture, marking, recapture/observations, and estimating movement.« less

High resolution gamma-ray spectrometry of culverts containing transuranic waste at the Savannah River Site

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hofstetter, K.J.; Sigg, R.

1990-12-31

A number of concrete culverts used to retrievably store drummed, dry, radioactive waste at the Savannah River Site (SRS), were suspected of containing ambiguous quantities of transuranic (TRU) nuclides. These culverts were assayed in place for Pu-239 content using thermal and fast neutron counting techniques. High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy on 17 culverts, having neutron emission rates several times higher than expected, showed characteristic gamma-ray signatures of neutron emitters other than Pu-239 (e.g., Pu-238, Pu/Be, or Am/Be neutron sources). This study confirmed the Pu-239 content of the culverts with anomalous neutron rates and established limits on the Pu-239 mass in eachmore » of the 17 suspect culverts by in-field, non-intrusive gamma-ray measurements.« less

High resolution gamma-ray spectrometry of culverts containing transuranic waste at the Savannah River Site

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hofstetter, K.J.; Sigg, R.

1990-01-01

A number of concrete culverts used to retrievably store drummed, dry, radioactive waste at the Savannah River Site (SRS), were suspected of containing ambiguous quantities of transuranic (TRU) nuclides. These culverts were assayed in place for Pu-239 content using thermal and fast neutron counting techniques. High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy on 17 culverts, having neutron emission rates several times higher than expected, showed characteristic gamma-ray signatures of neutron emitters other than Pu-239 (e.g., Pu-238, Pu/Be, or Am/Be neutron sources). This study confirmed the Pu-239 content of the culverts with anomalous neutron rates and established limits on the Pu-239 mass in eachmore » of the 17 suspect culverts by in-field, non-intrusive gamma-ray measurements.« less

Culvert flow in small drainages in montane tropical forests: observations from the Luquillo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico.

Treesearch

F. N. Scatena

1990-01-01

This paper describe the hydraulics of unsubmerged flow for 5 culverts in the Luiquillo Esperimental Forest of Puerto Rico. A General equation based on empirical data is presented to estimate culvert discharge during unsubmerged conditions. Large culverts are needed in humid tropical montane areas than in humid temperatute watersheds and are usually appropriate only...

Application of a multistate model to estimate culvert effects on movement of small fishes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Norman, J.R.; Hagler, M.M.; Freeman, Mary C.; Freeman, B.J.

2009-01-01

While it is widely acknowledged that culverted road-stream crossings may impede fish passage, effects of culverts on movement of nongame and small-bodied fishes have not been extensively studied and studies generally have not accounted for spatial variation in capture probabilities. We estimated probabilities for upstream and downstream movement of small (30-120 mm standard length) benthic and water column fishes across stream reaches with and without culverts at four road-stream crossings over a 4-6-week period. Movement and reach-specific capture probabilities were estimated using multistate capture-recapture models. Although none of the culverts were complete barriers to passage, only a bottomless-box culvert appeared to permit unrestricted upstream and downstream movements by benthic fishes based on model estimates of movement probabilities. At two box culverts that were perched above the water surface at base flow, observed movements were limited to water column fishes and to intervals when runoff from storm events raised water levels above the perched level. Only a single fish was observed to move through a partially embedded pipe culvert. Estimates for probabilities of movement over distances equal to at least the length of one culvert were low (e.g., generally ???0.03, estimated for 1-2-week intervals) and had wide 95% confidence intervals as a consequence of few observed movements to nonadjacent reaches. Estimates of capture probabilities varied among reaches by a factor of 2 to over 10, illustrating the importance of accounting for spatially variable capture rates when estimating movement probabilities with capture-recapture data. Longer-term studies are needed to evaluate temporal variability in stream fish passage at culverts (e.g., in relation to streamflow variability) and to thereby better quantify the degree of population fragmentation caused by road-stream crossings with culverts. ?? American Fisheries Society 2009.

5. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING CULVERT. BUTTRESSING ON LEFT AND RIGHT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING CULVERT. BUTTRESSING ON LEFT AND RIGHT WAS ADDED AT A LATER DATE. - Old Croton Aqueduct, Indian Creek Culvert, Reservoir & Quaker Bridge Roads, Crotonville, Ossining, Westchester County, NY

Confirming criticality safety of TRU waste with neutron measurements and risk analyses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Winn, W.G.; Hochel, R.D.

1992-04-01

The criticality safety of {sup 239}Pu in 55-gallon drums stored in TRU waste containers (culverts) is confirmed using NDA neutron measurements and risk analyses. The neutron measurements yield a {sup 239}Pu mass and k{sub eff} for a culvert, which contains up to 14 drums. Conservative probabilistic risk analyses were developed for both drums and culverts. Overall {sup 239}Pu mass estimates are less than a calculated safety limit of 2800 g per culvert. The largest measured k{sub eff} is 0.904. The largest probability for a critical drum is 6.9 {times} 10{sup {minus}8} and that for a culvert is 1.72 {times} 10{supmore » {minus}7}. All examined suspect culverts, totaling 118 in number, are appraised as safe based on these observations.« less

Waterfowl productivity and use of nesting structures in the prairie pothole region

USGS Publications Warehouse

Johnson, Rex R.; Higgins, Kenneth F.; Ball, I.J.; Kohn, Stan C.

1994-01-01

Over-water duck nests are usually more successful than upland nests. We evaluated mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and giant Canada goose (Branta canadensis maxima) use of nest baskets, straw and hay bales, and earth-filled culverts and determined nesting success rates by structure type during 1987-1989. Mallards used bales and culverts more than baskets, whereas Canada geese used baskets more than bales or culverts. Nesting success was greatest for baskets and culverts (>80%) and lowest for bales (58.3%). Logistics aside, culverts appear to be the most valuable nesting structures for mallards, and baskets are the most valuable structures for Canada geese.

Settlement at culverts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-05-01

Past construction methods have resulted in the need for leveling : wedges of asphaltic cement concrete or mud jacking at locations where a : reinforced concrete box culvert was replaced with a pipe culvert . : With the restraint of limited funds, mor...

Storage effects at culverts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-05-01

Temporary ponding of water on the upstream side of a culvert serves to reduce the peak discharge that the culvert : must convey. In most cases the discharge reduction resulting from detention storage is minor and can be neglected in : design. However...

Culvert roughness elements for native Utah fish passage : phase II.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-04-01

Native fishes have become an increasingly important concern when designing fish passable culverts. Many operational culverts constrict waterways which increase velocities and prevent upstream passage of small fish species. The current method to ensur...

Feasibility of applying cathodic protection to underground culverts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1991-06-01

The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development uses metal culverts in various parts of the state. This study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of applying cathodic protection both externally and internally to metal culverts to prev...

71. Meadow Creek Culvert. This is an example of a ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

71. Meadow Creek Culvert. This is an example of a triple arch concrete box culvert with stone facing mimicking rigid frame structures. - Blue Ridge Parkway, Between Shenandoah National Park & Great Smoky Mountains, Asheville, Buncombe County, NC

Hydraulics of Iowa DOT slope-tapered pipe culverts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-06-01

This report updates the Iowa Department of Transportation design procedures for circular, slope-tapered concrete culverts. The current practice is to use the design coefficients for a square-edged, circular concrete culvert with a headwall that are f...

Fish passage through retrofitted culverts : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-11-01

Long term and short term studies of fish movement were conducted at several retrofitted culverts within Oregon. This was done to assess the effectiveness of retrofitting culverts with baffles to improve fish passage. The long term results showed that...

Culvert rating guide : August 2009.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-08-01

The purpose of this Culvert Rating Guide is to present a clear, repeatable and valid procedure for Texas : Department of Transportation (TxDOT) engineers and their consultants to use for load rating culverts in the TxDOT : roadway system. : The Ameri...

ECOLOGICAL CRITERIA FOR PRIORITIZATION OF CULVERT REPLACEMENT

EPA Science Inventory

Culvert passage issues are gaining national and international focus, because they are implicated in the decline of particular species and in the more general loss of biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems. In the Pacific Northwest, inadequate fish passage at culverts is recognized...

30 CFR 817.151 - Primary roads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the regulatory authority; (2) Drainage pipes and culverts shall be installed as designed, and... and embankment; (4) Culverts shall be installed and maintained to sustain the vertical soil pressure... crossings shall be made using bridges, culverts, low-water crossings, or other structures designed...

30 CFR 817.151 - Primary roads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the regulatory authority; (2) Drainage pipes and culverts shall be installed as designed, and... and embankment; (4) Culverts shall be installed and maintained to sustain the vertical soil pressure... crossings shall be made using bridges, culverts, low-water crossings, or other structures designed...

30 CFR 817.151 - Primary roads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the regulatory authority; (2) Drainage pipes and culverts shall be installed as designed, and... and embankment; (4) Culverts shall be installed and maintained to sustain the vertical soil pressure... crossings shall be made using bridges, culverts, low-water crossings, or other structures designed...

3. View southwest at dewatered culvert outlet headwall, with part ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. View southwest at dewatered culvert outlet headwall, with part of canal bank removed in back (left) of headwall. - Delaware & Raritan Canal, Ten Mile Run Culvert, 1.5 miles South of Blackwells Road, East Millstone, Somerset County, NJ

Scour at culvert outlets in mixed bed materials.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-09-01

"The study of localized scour at culvert outlets has been on-going to control and manage erosion along highway embankments. Herein is presented an investigation of scour at culvert outlets which refines and extends the state-of-the-art of predicting ...

Instrumentation of culvert pipe under deep fill.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-01-01

This report summarizes the results of studies conducted to date on the instrumentation of two pipe culverts under deep fill on Interstate 77 near Fancy Gap, Carroll County, Virginia. At this writing, both culvert pipes and essentially all of the inst...

Culvert Length and Interior Lighting Impacts to Topeka Shiner Passage

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-11-01

Culverts can act as barriers to fish passage for a number of reasons including insufficient water depth or excess velocity. In addition, concern is being raised over behavioral barriers where culvert conditions elicit an avoidance response that deter...

Use of ultra-lightweight geofoam to reduce stresses in highway culvert extensions.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-10-01

Culvert extension under highway embankment construction is a regular and important practice when roadway widening occurs. At some existing sites, concrete thickness and reinforcing steel of culvert tops and walls were stepped-down in sections of the ...

An Analysis of Stream Culvert Fish Passage on the Navy Railroad Line between Bremerton and Shelton, Washington

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

May, Christopher W.; Miller, Martin C.; Southard, John A.

2004-10-25

The Navy railroad service line runs between Shelton, Bremerton, and Silverdale, and is used by the Navy to transfer freight to its facilities. It is also used by commercial clients to ship service items and bulk cargo for municipalities along portions of the route. Culverts of various size and construction convey streams and stormwater runoff under the railroad line. These allow transfer of water and, in some cases allow for passage of juvenile and adult salmon into waters upstream of the culverts. As part of this project, 21 culverts along a 34-mile reach (Shelton to Bremerton) of this railroad weremore » surveyed to evaluate their function and ability to allow salmon to utilize the streams. The culverts and attached watersheds were evaluated using criteria developed by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife to assign a Priority Index (PI) to barriers present on each fish-bearing stream. The PI is a relative numeric rating indicator, assigned using consistent criteria related to the degree of potential habitat gained by removing barriers and improving the function of the watershed. Of the 21 culverts evaluated, five were found to be complete fish-passage barriers and six were found to be partial barriers, primarily to juvenile salmon. Three of these culverts had PI ratings above 10 and five others had ratings between 7 and 10. Corrective action can be taken based on any PI rating, but the WDFW normally assigns lower priority to projects with PI scores lower than 15. Several of the stream and culverts had previously been evaluated for structural integrity and function and have been scheduled for repair. A narrative indicating the condition of the culvert has been prepared as well as a table indicating the PI scores and a summary of recommendations for action for each culvert.« less

The effects of road crossings on prairie stream habitat and function

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bouska, Wesley W.; Keane, Timothy; Paukert, Craig P.

2010-01-01

Improperly designed stream crossing structures may alter the form and function of stream ecosystems and habitat and prohibit the movement of aquatic organisms. Stream sections adjoining five concrete box culverts, five low-water crossings (concrete slabs vented by one or multiple culverts), and two large, single corrugated culvert vehicle crossings in eastern Kansas streams were compared to reference reaches using a geomorphologic survey and stream classification. Stream reaches were also compared upstream and downstream of crossings, and crossing measurements were used to determine which crossing design best mimicked the natural dimensions of the adjoining stream. Four of five low-water crossings, three of five box culverts, and one of two large, single corrugated pipe culverts changed classification from upstream to downstream of the crossings. Mean riffle spacing upstream at low-water crossings (8.6 bankfull widths) was double that of downstream reaches (mean 4.4 bankfull widths) but was similar upstream and downstream of box and corrugated pipe culverts. There also appeared to be greater deposition of fine sediments directly upstream of these designs. Box and corrugated culverts were more similar to natural streams than low-water crossings at transporting water, sediments, and debris during bankfull flows.

Water quality implications of culvert repair options : cementitious and polyurea spray-on liners.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-11-01

Many commonly used culvert rehabilitation technologies entail the use of a resin or coating that cures to form a rigid : liner within the damaged culvert. However, the potential environmental impacts of leaching or release of contaminants during : no...

Construct and test scale model box culvert design project.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-11-01

The research team at the University of New Mexicos (UNM) hydraulics lab designed, constructed, and : tested a 1:20 scale physical model of a proposed culvert in Jemez Springs, New Mexico. The culvert : design was developed by the New Mexico Depart...

Development of self-cleaning box culvert designs : final report, June 2009.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-06-01

The main function of a roadway culvert is to effectively convey drainage flow during normal and extreme hydrologic conditions. This function is often impaired due to the sedimentation blockage of the culvert. This research sought to understand the me...

Hydraulic Evaluation of Culvert Valves at Eisenhower and Snell Locks, St. Lawrence Seaway

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

ER D C/ CH L TR -1 5- 7 Hydraulic Evaluation of Culvert Valves at Eisenhower and Snell Locks, St. Lawrence Seaway Co as ta l a nd H...client/default. ERDC/CHL TR-15-7 June 2015 Hydraulic Evaluation of Culvert Valves at Eisenhower and Snell Locks, St. Lawrence Seaway...filling valve well of the Snell Lock’s south-wall culvert . The new vertical-frame valve operated at a slower rate than the double-skin-plate valve

Swimming behaviour and ascent paths of brook trout in a corrugated culvert

USGS Publications Warehouse

Goerig, Elsa; Bergeron, Normand E.; Castro-Santos, Theodore R.

2017-01-01

Culverts may restrict fish movements under some hydraulic conditions such as shallow flow depths or high velocities. Although swimming capacity imposes limits to passage performance, behaviour also plays an important role in the ability of fish to overcome velocity barriers. Corrugated metal culverts are characterized by unsteady flow and existence of low‐velocity zones, which can improve passage success. Here, we describe swimming behaviour and ascent paths of 148 wild brook trout in a 1.5‐m section of a corrugated metal culvert located in Raquette Stream, Québec, Canada. Five passage trials were conducted in mid‐August, corresponding to specific mean cross‐sectional flow velocities ranging from 0.30 to 0.63 m/s. Fish were individually introduced to the culvert and their movements recorded with a camera located above the water. Lateral and longitudinal positions were recorded at a rate of 3 Hz in order to identify ascent paths. These positions were related to the distribution of flow depths and velocities in the culvert. Brook trout selected flow velocities from 0.2 to 0.5 m/s during their ascents, which corresponded to the available flow velocities in the culvert at the low‐flow conditions. This however resulted in the use of low‐velocity zones at higher flows, mainly located along the walls of the culvert. Some fish also used the corrugations for sheltering, although the behaviour was marginal and did not occur at the highest flow condition. This study improves knowledge on fish behaviour during culvert ascents, which is an important aspect for developing reliable and accurate estimates of fish passage ability.

30 CFR 816.151 - Primary roads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., or greater event as specified by the regulatory authority; (2) Drainage pipes and culverts shall be... drainage over the road surface and embankment; (4) Culverts shall be installed and maintained to sustain... intermittent stream channel crossings shall be made using bridges, culverts, low-water crossings, or other...

30 CFR 816.151 - Primary roads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., or greater event as specified by the regulatory authority; (2) Drainage pipes and culverts shall be... drainage over the road surface and embankment; (4) Culverts shall be installed and maintained to sustain... intermittent stream channel crossings shall be made using bridges, culverts, low-water crossings, or other...

30 CFR 816.151 - Primary roads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., or greater event as specified by the regulatory authority; (2) Drainage pipes and culverts shall be... drainage over the road surface and embankment; (4) Culverts shall be installed and maintained to sustain... intermittent stream channel crossings shall be made using bridges, culverts, low-water crossings, or other...

Safety performance evaluation of weak-post, w-beam guardrail attached to culvert.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-02-01

A new W-beam guardrail system for use on low-fill culverts was developed and evaluated. The system was adapted from : the MGS bridge railing for attachment to the outside face of culvert headwalls. Four attachment concepts were developed : and evalua...

Monitoring of Duromaxx pipes installed on Manhead road in Rich County, Utah.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-09-01

This report documents the performance of two different culvert materials in an installation in northern Utah. The culverts are described as a DuroMaxx pipe made by CONTECH Construction Products, Inc. and an N-12 HDPE culvert made by ADS Corporation. ...

Live load effect in reinforced concrete box culverts under soil fill.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

Live load effects in box culverts generally diminish with soil fill thickness. In addition, the effect of : the live load may be nearly negligible compared to the dead loads when significant fill is placed above the : crown of the culvert. The object...

Water quality implications of culvert repair options : vinyl ester based and ultraviolet cured-in-place pipe liners.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-11-01

Specifications of the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) allow for the use of several trenchless pipe or : culvert repair technologies whereby existing underground culverts are repaired in place rather than by the use of the conventio...

Hydrodynamic Regimes and Structures in Sloped Weir Baffled Culverts and Their Influence on Juvenile Salmon Passage.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-07-01

The purpose of this study was to determine what hydraulic characteristics enhance or diminish : upstream juvenile salmon passage within a sloped-weir baffled culvert. The culvert slope, baffle : spacing, and baffle height were varied to observe flow ...

Brook trout passage performance through culverts

USGS Publications Warehouse

Goerig, Elsa; Castro-Santos, Theodore R.; Bergeron, Normand

2016-01-01

Culverts can restrict access to habitat for stream-dwelling fishes. We used passive integrated transponder telemetry to quantify passage performance of >1000 wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) attempting to pass 13 culverts in Quebec under a range of hydraulic and environmental conditions. Several variables influenced passage success, including complex interactions between physiology and behavior, hydraulics, and structural characteristics. The probability of successful passage was greater through corrugated metal culverts than through smooth ones, particularly among smaller fish. Trout were also more likely to pass at warmer temperatures, but this effect diminished above 15 °C. Passage was impeded at higher flows, through culverts with steep slopes, and those with deep downstream pools. This study provides insight on factors influencing brook trout capacity to pass culverts as well as a model to estimate passage success under various conditions, with an improved resolution and accuracy over existing approaches. It also presents methods that could be used to investigate passage success of other species, with implications for connectivity of the riverscape.

Insights into the origin and characteristics of the sedimentation process at multi-barrel culverts in Iowa : technical transfer summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-06-01

The present study is an integral part of a : broader study focused on the design and : implementation of self-cleaning culverts, i.e., : configurations that prevent the formation of : sediment deposits after culvert construction or : cleaning. Sedime...

Laboratory modeling of energy dissipation in broken-back culverts - phase II.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-05-01

This report represents Phase II of broken-back culverts with a drop of 6 feet. The first phase of this research was performed for a drop of 24 feet. This research investigates the reduction in scour downstream of a broken-back culvert by forming a hy...

TR-596 insights into the origin and characteristics of the sedimentation process at multi-barrel culverts in Iowa.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-06-01

The present study is an integral part of a broader study focused on the design and implementation of self-cleaning culverts, i.e., : configurations that prevent the formation of sediment deposits after culvert construction or cleaning. Sediment depos...

A new algorithm for grid-based hydrologic analysis by incorporating stormwater infrastructure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Yosoon; Yi, Huiuk; Park, Hyeong-Dong

2011-08-01

We developed a new algorithm, the Adaptive Stormwater Infrastructure (ASI) algorithm, to incorporate ancillary data sets related to stormwater infrastructure into the grid-based hydrologic analysis. The algorithm simultaneously considers the effects of the surface stormwater collector network (e.g., diversions, roadside ditches, and canals) and underground stormwater conveyance systems (e.g., waterway tunnels, collector pipes, and culverts). The surface drainage flows controlled by the surface runoff collector network are superimposed onto the flow directions derived from a DEM. After examining the connections between inlets and outfalls in the underground stormwater conveyance system, the flow accumulation and delineation of watersheds are calculated based on recursive computations. Application of the algorithm to the Sangdong tailings dam in Korea revealed superior performance to that of a conventional D8 single-flow algorithm in terms of providing reasonable hydrologic information on watersheds with stormwater infrastructure.

49 CFR 1242.15 - Roadway, tunnels and subways, bridges and culverts, ties, rails, other track material, ballast...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Roadway, tunnels and subways, bridges and culverts, ties, rails, other track material, ballast, track laying and surfacing, and road property damaged... culverts, ties, rails, other track material, ballast, track laying and surfacing, and road property damaged...

30 CFR 942.816 - Performance standards-Surface mining activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... primary roads. In no case shall there by any pitch grade over fifteen (15) percent. (ii) Culvert spacing... ten (10) percent, and three hundred (300) feet on grades of ten (10) percent or greater. Culverts.... Culverts may be constructed at greater intervals than the maximum indicated in this part if approved by the...

49 CFR 1242.15 - Roadway, tunnels and subways, bridges and culverts, ties, rails, other track material, ballast...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Roadway, tunnels and subways, bridges and culverts, ties, rails, other track material, ballast, track laying and surfacing, and road property damaged... culverts, ties, rails, other track material, ballast, track laying and surfacing, and road property damaged...

49 CFR 1242.15 - Roadway, tunnels and subways, bridges and culverts, ties, rails, other track material, ballast...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Roadway, tunnels and subways, bridges and culverts, ties, rails, other track material, ballast, track laying and surfacing, and road property damaged... culverts, ties, rails, other track material, ballast, track laying and surfacing, and road property damaged...

30 CFR 942.817 - Performance standards-Underground mining activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... (ii) Culvert spacing shall not exceed one thousand (1,000) feet on grades of zero (0) to three (3... or greater. Culverts shall be installed at closer intervals than the maximum in this part if required... intersecting drainages. Culverts may be constructed at greater intervals than the maximum indicated in this...

30 CFR 942.816 - Performance standards-Surface mining activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... primary roads. In no case shall there by any pitch grade over fifteen (15) percent. (ii) Culvert spacing... ten (10) percent, and three hundred (300) feet on grades of ten (10) percent or greater. Culverts.... Culverts may be constructed at greater intervals than the maximum indicated in this part if approved by the...

30 CFR 942.817 - Performance standards-Underground mining activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... (ii) Culvert spacing shall not exceed one thousand (1,000) feet on grades of zero (0) to three (3... or greater. Culverts shall be installed at closer intervals than the maximum in this part if required... intersecting drainages. Culverts may be constructed at greater intervals than the maximum indicated in this...

8. VIEW OF A THIRD CULVERT ALONG THE RAILROAD GRADE, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. VIEW OF A THIRD CULVERT ALONG THE RAILROAD GRADE, LOOKING WEST. THERE ARE NUMEROUS CULVERTS IN THE GRADE ACCORDING TO THE 1933 AS-BUILT PLANS, BUT NO OTHERS WERE OBVIOUS IN A DRIVE-THROUGH OF THE AREA. - Great Northern Railroad Bed, From Big Sandy to Verona, Fort Benton, Chouteau County, MT

30 CFR 942.816 - Performance standards-Surface mining activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... primary roads. In no case shall there by any pitch grade over fifteen (15) percent. (ii) Culvert spacing... ten (10) percent, and three hundred (300) feet on grades of ten (10) percent or greater. Culverts.... Culverts may be constructed at greater intervals than the maximum indicated in this part if approved by the...

30 CFR 942.817 - Performance standards-Underground mining activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... (ii) Culvert spacing shall not exceed one thousand (1,000) feet on grades of zero (0) to three (3... or greater. Culverts shall be installed at closer intervals than the maximum in this part if required... intersecting drainages. Culverts may be constructed at greater intervals than the maximum indicated in this...

49 CFR 1242.15 - Roadway, tunnels and subways, bridges and culverts, ties, rails, other track material, ballast...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Roadway, tunnels and subways, bridges and culverts, ties, rails, other track material, ballast, track laying and surfacing, and road property damaged... culverts, ties, rails, other track material, ballast, track laying and surfacing, and road property damaged...

New methods in hydrologic modeling and decision support for culvert flood risk under climate change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosner, A.; Letcher, B. H.; Vogel, R. M.; Rees, P. S.

2015-12-01

Assessing culvert flood vulnerability under climate change poses an unusual combination of challenges. We seek a robust method of planning for an uncertain future, and therefore must consider a wide range of plausible future conditions. Culverts in our case study area, northwestern Massachusetts, USA, are predominantly found in small, ungaged basins. The need to predict flows both at numerous sites and under numerous plausible climate conditions requires a statistical model with low data and computational requirements. We present a statistical streamflow model that is driven by precipitation and temperature, allowing us to predict flows without reliance on reference gages of observed flows. The hydrological analysis is used to determine each culvert's risk of failure under current conditions. We also explore the hydrological response to a range of plausible future climate conditions. These results are used to determine the tolerance of each culvert to future increases in precipitation. In a decision support context, current flood risk as well as tolerance to potential climate changes are used to provide a robust assessment and prioritization for culvert replacements.

The effectiveness of a barrier wall and underpasses in reducing wildlife mortality on a heavily traveled highway in Florida

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dodd, C.K.; Barichivich, W.J.; Smith, L.L.

2004-01-01

Because of high numbers of animals killed on Paynes Prairie State Preserve, Alachua County, Florida, the Florida Department of Transportation constructed a barrier wall-culvert system to reduce wildlife mortality yet allow for passage of some animals across the highway. During a one year study following construction, we counted only 158 animals, excluding hylid treefrogs, killed in the same area where 2411 road kills were recorded in the 12 months prior to the construction of the barrier wall-culvert system. Within the survey area lying directly in Paynes Prairie basin, mortality was reduced 65% if hylid treefrogs are included, and 93.5% with hylid treefrogs excluded. Sixty-four percent of the wildlife kills observed along the barrier wall-culvert system occurred at a maintenance road access point and along 300 m of type-A fence bordering private property. The 24 h kill rate during the post-construction survey was 4.9 compared with 13.5 during the pre-construction survey. We counted 1891 dead vertebrates within the entire area surveyed, including the ecotone between the surrounding uplands and prairie basin which did not include the barrier wall and culverts. Approximately 73% of the nonhylid road kills occurred in the 400 m section of road beyond the extent of the barrier wall-culvert system. We detected 51 vertebrate species, including 9 fish, using the 8 culverts after the construction of the barrier wall-culvert system, compared with 28 vertebrate species in the 4 existing culverts prior to construction. Capture success in culverts increased 10-fold from the pre-construction survey to the post-construction survey. Barrier wall trespass was facilitated by overhanging vegetation, maintenance road access, and by the use of the type-A fence. Additional problems resulted from siltation, water holes, and human access. These problems could be corrected using design modifications and by routine, periodic maintenance.

7. VIEW OF A DOUBLE CULVERT IN RAILROAD GRADE, LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. VIEW OF A DOUBLE CULVERT IN RAILROAD GRADE, LOOKING WEST. THIS CULVERT HAS BEEN IN PLACE SINCE 1933, WHEN IT WAS MARKED ON MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS AS-BUILT PLANS. IT LOOKS LIKE THE PIPE ON THE RIGHT (NORTH) IS NOT ORIGINAL. - Great Northern Railroad Bed, From Big Sandy to Verona, Fort Benton, Chouteau County, MT

1. View southeast at northwest facade of dewatered culvert outlet ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. View southeast at northwest facade of dewatered culvert outlet headwall, above which part of the canal bank has been removed. Buttresses and upper portion of headwall (above arches) are nineteenth-century additions to the lower, original headwall. - Delaware & Raritan Canal, Ten Mile Run Culvert, 1.5 miles South of Blackwells Road, East Millstone, Somerset County, NJ

Operational forest stream crossings effects on water quality in the Virginia Piedmont

Treesearch

Wallace M. Aust; Matthew B. Carroll; M. Chad Bolding; Andy Dolloff

2011-01-01

Water quality indices were examined for paired upstream and downstream samples for 23 operational stream crossings and approaches during four periods. Stream crossings were (1) portable bridges (BRIDGE), (2) culverts backfilled with poles (POLE), (3) culverts with earth backfill (CULVERT), and (4) reinforced fords (FORD). The four operational periods were (1) prior to...

Turbidity changes during culvert to bridge upgrades at Carmen Creek, Idaho

Treesearch

Randy B. Foltz; Breann Westfall; Ben Kopyscianski

2012-01-01

Carmen Creek, a tributary to the Salmon River in Idaho, was the site of two culvert to bridge upgrade operations in September and October 2011. Both locations were upgraded from multiple, large diameter culverts to bridge crossings. Turbidity readings measured at the end of the mixing zone during the nearly three weeks of upgrade construction activities did not exceed...

6. VIEW OF A RUSTED, HEAVYGAUGE METAL CULVERT (TY31776) PLACED ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. VIEW OF A RUSTED, HEAVY-GAUGE METAL CULVERT (TY-3177-6) PLACED AT A SMALL DRAW WHERE KINGS CANYON ROAD WILL BE INSLOPED AND THE CULVERT WILL BE REMOVED. LOCATED AT MILEPOST 0.05 (ACCORDING TO THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE RECORD FOR TY-3177). FACING SOUTH 76ø WEST (256ø). - Kings Canyon Road, Carson City, Carson City, NV

Investigation of culvert hydraulics related to juvenile fish passage. Final research report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barber, M.E.; Downs, R.C.

1996-01-01

Culverts often create barriers to the upstream migration of juvenile fish. The objective of this study was to determine hydraulic characteristics of culverts with different flow conditions. Methods of predicting flow profiles were developed by both Chiu and Mountjoy. Two equations were compared to experimental results. An area of flow corresponding to a predetermined allowable velocity can be calculated using Mountjoy equation. This can then be used in the design of culverts as fish passage guidelines. The report contains a summary of background information, experimental methodology, the results of experimental tests, and an analysis of both the Chiu and Mountjoymore » equations.« less

Estimates for Pu-239 loadings in burial ground culverts based on fast/slow neutron measurements

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Winn, W.G.; Hochel, R.C.; Hofstetter, K.J.

1989-08-15

This report provides guideline estimates for Pu-239 mass loadings in selected burial ground culverts. The relatively high recorded Pu-239 contents of these culverts have been appraised as suspect relative to criticality concerns, because they were assayed only with the solid waste monitor (SWM) per gamma-ray counting. After 1985, subsequent waste was also assayed with the neutron coincidence counter (NCC), and a comparison of the assay methods showed that the NCC generally yielded higher assays than the SWM. These higher NCC readings signaled a need to conduct non-destructive/non-intrusive nuclear interrogations of these culverts, and a technical team conducted scoping measurements tomore » illustrate potential assay methods based on neutron and/or gamma counting. A fast/slow neutron method has been developed to estimate the Pu-239 in the culverts. In addition, loading records include the SWM assays of all Pu-239 cuts of some of the culvert drums and these data are useful in estimating the corresponding NCC drum assays from NCC vs SWM data. Together, these methods yield predictions based on direct measurements and statistical inference.« less

Reconstruction and numerical modelling of a flash flood event: Atrani 2010

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ciervo, F.; Papa, M. N.; Medina, V.; Bateman, A.

2012-04-01

The work intends to reproduce the flash-flood event that occurred in Atrani (Amalfi Coast - Southern Italy) on the 9 September 2010. In the days leading up to the event, intense low pressure system affected the North Europe attracting hot humid air masses from the Mediterranean areas and pushing them to the southern regions of Italy. These conditions contributed to the development of strong convective storm systems, Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS) type. The development of intense convective rain cells, over an extremely confined areas, leaded to a cumulative daily rainfall of 129.2 mm; the maximum precipitation in 1hr was 19.4mm. The Dragone river is artificially forced to flow underneath the urban estate of Atrani through a culvert until it finally flows out into the sea. In correspondence of the culvert inlet a minor fraction of the water discharge (5.9m^3/s), skimming over the channel cover, flowed on the street and invaded the village. The channelized flow generated overpressure involving the breaking of the cover of culvert slab and caused a new discharge inlet (20 m^3/s) on the street modifying the downstream flood dynamics. Information acquired, soon after the event, through the local people interviews and the field measurements significantly contributed to the rainfall event reconstruction and to the characterization of the induced effects. In absence of hydrometric data, the support of the amateur videos was of crucial importance for the hydraulic model development and calibration. A geomorphology based rainfall-runoff model, WFIUH type (Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph Width Function), is implemented to extract the hydrograph of the hydrological event. All analysis are performed with GIS support basing on a Digital Terrain System (DTM) 5x5m. Two parameters have been used to calibrate the model: the average watershed velocity (Vmean = 0.08m/s) and hydrodynamic diffusivity (D=10E^-6 m^2/s). The model is calibrated basing on the peak discharge assessed value (98.5 m^3/s) and the observed hydrological response time (1hr). The flood hydrograph, thus obtained, constituted the upstream boundary condition for the simulation of the propagation processes in the urban area. The flow propagation has been simulated through 2D FLATModel code. FLATModel is a numerical code for solving the 2D system shallow-water equations; it belongs to the family of explicit Godunov schemes. In this work the code is tested on unstructured mesh. The unstructured mesh is particularly useful for detailed analysis and small scale hydraulic studies; it allows the adapting of digital surface to complex urban real estate improving significantly the resolution of the simulation results. The use of unstructured meshes also entails a significant reduction of the computational burden allowing the thickening of the cell domain where a better resolution is required. The results of simulations are in good agreement with the field observations, therefore the implemented approach seems suitable for the simulation and prediction of possible future flash flood events in similar context areas.

Evaluation of a small diameter baffled culvert for passing juvenile salmonids.

Treesearch

Mason D. Bryant

1981-01-01

A 90-cm-diameter culvert with off-set baffles was set at a 10-percent gradient in an artificial stream channel on Admiralty Island, Alaska. Coho salmon, Dolly Varden char, and cutthroat trout, all less than 120-mm fork length, were able to move up the 9-m culvert. Additional work is needed to determine an upper discharge limit and to evaluate field installations.

Best practices for assessing culvert health and determining appropriate rehabilitation methods : a research project in support of operational requirements for the South Carolina Department of Transportation : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-11-01

Due to the invisibility of buried culverts from the surface, they often get ignored until a : problem such as road settlement or flooding arises. Many of the existing culverts in the US : are in a deteriorated state having reached the end of their us...

Analysis of brook trout spatial behavior during passage attempts in corrugated culverts using near-infrared illumination video imagery

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bergeron, Normand E.; Constantin, Pierre-Marc; Goerig, Elsa; Castro-Santos, Theodore R.

2016-01-01

We used video recording and near-infrared illumination to document the spatial behavior of brook trout of various sizes attempting to pass corrugated culverts under different hydraulic conditions. Semi-automated image analysis was used to digitize fish position at high temporal resolution inside the culvert, which allowed calculation of various spatial behavior metrics, including instantaneous ground and swimming speed, path complexity, distance from side walls, velocity preference ratio (mean velocity at fish lateral position/mean crosssectional velocity) as well as number and duration of stops in forward progression. The presentation summarizes the main results and discusses how they could be used to improve fish passage performance in culverts.

Effect of Culverts on Predator-Prey Interactions in a Tropical Stream.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hein, C. L.; Kikkert, D. A.; Crowl, T. A.

2005-05-01

As part of a biocomplexity project in Puerto Rico, we use river and road networks as a platform to understand the interactions between stream biota, the physical environment, and human activity. Specifically, we ask if humans affect aquatic organisms through road building and recreational activities. Culverts have been documented to impede or slow migration of aquatic biota. This is especially important in these streams because all of the freshwater, stream species have diadramous life cycles. If culverts do act as bottlenecks to shrimp migrations, we expect altered predator-prey interactions downstream through density-dependent predation dynamics. In order to determine how roads may affect predation rates on upstream migrating shrimp, we parameterized functional response curves for mountain mullet (Agonostomus monticola) consuming shrimp (Xiphocaris sp.) using artificial mesocosm experiments. We then used data obtained from underwater videography to determine how culverts decrease the rate and number of shrimp moving upstream. These data were combined in a predator-prey model to quantify the effects of culverts on localized shrimp densities and fish predation.

Marmet Locks and Dam, Kanawha River, West Virginia

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-01

emptying system has a through-the-sill intake, an in-chamber longitudinal culvert system, and Stoney gate valves. The lock was monitored using time... culvert system experienced peak average velocities of 18 feet per second, although no adverse pressures were found. A remotely operated vehicle...inspection indicated the walls of the culverts were in good condition. The Stoney gate valves are performing well and not showing any signs of unusual

Road crossing designs and their impact on fish assemblages of Great Plains streams

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bouska, Wesley W.; Paukert, Craig P.

2010-01-01

A mark-recapture field study was conducted to determine fish passage at 5 concrete box culverts and 5 low-water crossings (concrete slabs vented by culverts) as well as 10 control sites (below a natural riffle) in Flint Hills streams of northeastern Kansas. Additionally, we tested the upstream passage of four fish species native to Great Plains streams (Topeka shiner Notropis topeka, green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, red shiner Cyprinella lutrensis, and southern redbelly dace Phoxinus erythrogaster) through three simulated crossing designs (box culverts, round corrugated culverts, and natural rock riffles) at water velocities of 0.1 to 1.1 m/s in an experimental stream. The field study indicated that cyprinids were twice as likely to move upstream of box culverts than low-water crossings and 1.4 times as likely to move upstream of control reaches than any crossing type. The best models indicated that the proportion of cyprinids that moved upstream increased with decreased culvert slope and length, perching, and increased culvert width. Our controlled experiment indicated that fish can move through velocities up to 1.1 m/s in a 1.86-m simulated stream and that the proportion of fish that moved upstream did not differ among crossing designs for southern redbelly dace, green sunfish, or Topeka shiner; however, natural rock riffles had lower proportional movements (mean = 0.19) than the box (0.38) or corrugated culvert designs (0.43) for red shiners. Water velocity did not affect the proportional upstream movement of any species except that of Topeka shiners, which increased with water velocity. Crossing design alone may not determine fish passage, and water velocities up to 1.1 m/s may not affect the passage of many Great Plains fishes. Barriers to fish movement may be the result of other factors (e.g., perching, slope, and crossing length). The use of properly designed and installed crossings has promise in conserving Great Plains stream fishes.

Feasibility of culvert IED detection using thermal neutron activation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Faust, Anthony A.; McFee, John E.; Clifford, Edward T. H.; Andrews, Hugh Robert; Mosquera, Cristian; Roberts, William C.

2012-06-01

Bulk explosives hidden in culverts pose a serious threat to the Canadian and allied armies. Culverts provide an opportunity to conceal insurgent activity, avoid the need for detectable surface disturbances, and limit the applicability of conventional sub-surface sensing techniques. Further, in spite of the large masses of explosives that can be employed, the large sensor{target separation makes detection of the bulk explosive content challeng- ing. Defence R&D Canada { Sueld and Bubble Technology Industries have been developing thermal neutron activation (TNA) sensors for detection of buried bulk explosives for over 15 years. The next generation TNA sensor, known as TNA2, incorporates a number of improvements that allow for increased sensor-to-target dis- tances, making it potentially feasible to detect large improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in culverts using TNA. Experiments to determine the ability of TNA2 to detect improvised explosive devices in culverts are described, and the resulting signal levels observed for relevant quantities of explosives are presented. Observations conrm that bulk explosives detection using TNA against a culvert-IED is possible, with large charges posing a detection challenge at least as dicult as that of a deeply buried anti-tank landmine. Because of the prototype nature of the TNA sensor used, it is not yet possible to make denitive statements about the absolute sensitivity or detection time. Further investigation is warranted.

44 CFR 72.3 - Fee schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... previously; (6) Requests for LOMRs and PMRs based on projects involving bridges, culverts, or channels, or... involving new hydrologic information, bridges, culverts, or channels, or combinations thereof; and (11...

44 CFR 72.3 - Fee schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... previously; (6) Requests for LOMRs and PMRs based on projects involving bridges, culverts, or channels, or... involving new hydrologic information, bridges, culverts, or channels, or combinations thereof; and (11...

44 CFR 72.3 - Fee schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... previously; (6) Requests for LOMRs and PMRs based on projects involving bridges, culverts, or channels, or... involving new hydrologic information, bridges, culverts, or channels, or combinations thereof; and (11...

44 CFR 72.3 - Fee schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... previously; (6) Requests for LOMRs and PMRs based on projects involving bridges, culverts, or channels, or... involving new hydrologic information, bridges, culverts, or channels, or combinations thereof; and (11...

Using Fish Population Metrics to Compare the Effects of Artificial Reef Density.

PubMed

Froehlich, Catheline Y M; Kline, Richard J

2015-01-01

Artificial reefs continue to be added as habitat throughout the world, yet questions remain about how reef design affects fish diversity and abundance. In the present study, the effects of reef density were assessed for fish communities and sizes of economically valuable Lutjanus campechanus 13 km off Port Mansfield, Texas, at a reef composed of more than 4000 concrete culverts. The study spanned from May to June in 2013 and 2014, and sites sampled included natural reefs, bare areas, and varying culvert patch density categories, ranging from 1-190 culverts. Abundances of adults and species evenness of juvenile populations differed between the years. Fish communities did not significantly differ among density categories; however, highest species richness and total abundances were observed at intermediate culvert densities and at natural reefs. Whereas the abundance of L. campechanus did not differ among density categories, mean total lengths of L. campechanus were greatest at the lower density. Our findings suggest that reefs should be deployed with intermediate patch density of 71-120 culverts in a 30-m radius to yield the highest fish abundances.

Using Fish Population Metrics to Compare the Effects of Artificial Reef Density

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Artificial reefs continue to be added as habitat throughout the world, yet questions remain about how reef design affects fish diversity and abundance. In the present study, the effects of reef density were assessed for fish communities and sizes of economically valuable Lutjanus campechanus 13 km off Port Mansfield, Texas, at a reef composed of more than 4000 concrete culverts. The study spanned from May to June in 2013 and 2014, and sites sampled included natural reefs, bare areas, and varying culvert patch density categories, ranging from 1–190 culverts. Abundances of adults and species evenness of juvenile populations differed between the years. Fish communities did not significantly differ among density categories; however, highest species richness and total abundances were observed at intermediate culvert densities and at natural reefs. Whereas the abundance of L. campechanus did not differ among density categories, mean total lengths of L. campechanus were greatest at the lower density. Our findings suggest that reefs should be deployed with intermediate patch density of 71–120 culverts in a 30-m radius to yield the highest fish abundances. PMID:26422472

Is motivation important to brook trout passage through culverts?

USGS Publications Warehouse

Goerig, Elsa; Castro-Santos, Theodore R.

2017-01-01

Culverts can restrict movement of stream-dwelling fish. Motivation to enter and ascend these structures is an essential precursor for successful passage. However, motivation is challenging to quantify. Here, we use attempt rate to assess motivation of 447 brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) entering three culverts under a range of hydraulic, environmental, and biological conditions. A passive integrated transponder system allowed for the identification of passage attempts and success of individual fish. Attempt rate was quantified using time-to-event analysis allowing for time-varying covariates and recurrent events. Attempt rate was greatest during the spawning period, at elevated discharge, at dusk, and for longer fish. It decreased during the day and with increasing number of conspecifics downstream of the culvert. Results also show a positive correlation between elevated motivation and successful passage. This study enhances understanding of factors influencing brook trout motivation to ascend culverts and shows that attempt rate is a dynamic phenomenon, variable over time and among individuals. It also presents methods that could be used to investigate other species’ motivation to pass natural or anthropogenic barriers.

3. View east at south end of west facade of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. View east at south end of west facade of culvert outlet headwall with part of canal bank removed. Foreground to background: dewatered streambed with coffer dam (left) and pump intake (right); outlet headwall with partially intact voussoirs; horizontal masonry cutoff wall extending above the culvert outlet partially up the canal bank (exposed in trenches to left and right). - Delaware & Raritan Canal, Six Mile Run Culvert, .2 mile South of Blackwells Mills Road, East Millstone, Somerset County, NJ

Alternative methods to trench backfill.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-04-30

Conduit structures dealing with hydraulic drainage needs in the Louisiana highway system include pipe culverts, pipe arch culverts, storm drains, sewers, etc. Although the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LADOTD) has standard s...

Contextual view showing drainage culvert in foreground boarding east side ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Contextual view showing drainage culvert in foreground boarding east side of knoll with eucalyptus windbreak. Camera facing 278" southwest. - Goerlitz House, 9893 Highland Avenue, Rancho Cucamonga, San Bernardino County, CA

9. STONE SLAB CULVERT UNDER CARRIAGE ROAD AT HORSESHOE CURVE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. STONE SLAB CULVERT UNDER CARRIAGE ROAD AT HORSESHOE CURVE NEAR GIANT SLIDE TRAIL MARKER ON AROUND-THE-MOUNTAIN LOOP. - Rockefeller Carriage Roads, Mount Desert Island, Bar Harbor, Hancock County, ME

Protect and Restore Lolo Creek Watershed, 2003-2004 Annual Report.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McRoberts, Heidi

2004-06-01

The Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Watershed Division approaches watershed restoration with a ridge-top to ridge-top approach. Watershed restoration projects within the Lolo Creek watershed are coordinated with the Clearwater National Forest and Potlatch Corporation. The Nez Perce Tribe began watershed restoration projects within the Lolo Creek watershed of the Clearwater River in 1996. Fencing to exclude cattle for stream banks, stream bank stabilization, decommissioning roads, and upgrading culverts are the primary focuses of this project. Riparian enhancement through planning of riparian trees continues. Culvert inventory is on-going and will be completed in 2004 for the entiremore » Lolo Creek drainage. High priority culverts are being replaced and passage blocking log culverts are being removed. Tribal crews completed maintenance to the previously built fence.« less

33 CFR 203.21 - Disaster preparedness responsibilities of non-Federal interests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...., culverts) of the project. (b) Procurement/stockpiling. Procurement and stockpiling of sandbags, pumps, and..., contingency plans must be made when needed to address short term situations. For instance, if a culvert...

33 CFR 203.21 - Disaster preparedness responsibilities of non-Federal interests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...., culverts) of the project. (b) Procurement/stockpiling. Procurement and stockpiling of sandbags, pumps, and..., contingency plans must be made when needed to address short term situations. For instance, if a culvert...

33 CFR 203.21 - Disaster preparedness responsibilities of non-Federal interests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...., culverts) of the project. (b) Procurement/stockpiling. Procurement and stockpiling of sandbags, pumps, and..., contingency plans must be made when needed to address short term situations. For instance, if a culvert...

33 CFR 203.21 - Disaster preparedness responsibilities of non-Federal interests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...., culverts) of the project. (b) Procurement/stockpiling. Procurement and stockpiling of sandbags, pumps, and..., contingency plans must be made when needed to address short term situations. For instance, if a culvert...

Criteria for a WYDOT culvert selection policy.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-12-01

This report discusses geotechnical and material considerations for culvert design and selection. The purpose of this report is to present the : Wyoming Department of Transportation with information in order to alter, improve, and incorporate changes ...

Best practices for quality management of stormwater pipe construction.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-02-01

Stormwater pipe systems are integral features of transportation construction projects. Pipe culverts : direct stormwater away from roadway structures and towards designated discharge areas. The improper : installation of a pipe culvert can result in ...

Outlet diffusers to increase culvert capacity.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-06-01

Aging infrastructure and changing weather patterns present the need to increase the capacity of existing highway culverts. This research approaches this challenge through the use of diffuser outlet systems to increase pipe capacity and reduce outlet ...

Nonanadromous fish passage in highway culverts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-01-01

Highway culverts may hinder the normal migrations of various trout species in wild trout streams, due to increased flow velocity, shallow water depths, increased turbulence, and perching. This can impede migrational movements, affecting the genetic d...

Corrugated steel culvert pipe deterioration : final report, August 2009.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-08-01

This research provides the basis for developing a comprehensive plan for inspection, cleaning, condition assessment and : prediction of remaining service life of CSCP (Corrugated Steel Culvert Pipe). Inspection frequency guidelines were developed : t...

Evaluation of flood inundation in Crystal Springs Creek, Portland, Oregon

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stonewall, Adam; Hess, Glen

2016-05-25

Efforts to improve fish passage have resulted in the replacement of six culverts in Crystal Springs Creek in Portland, Oregon. Two more culverts are scheduled to be replaced at Glenwood Street and Bybee Boulevard (Glenwood/Bybee project) in 2016. Recently acquired data have allowed for a more comprehensive understanding of the hydrology of the creek and the topography of the watershed. To evaluate the impact of the culvert replacements and recent hydrologic data, a Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System hydraulic model was developed to estimate water-surface elevations during high-flow events. Longitudinal surface-water profiles were modeled to evaluate current conditions and future conditions using the design plans for the culverts to be installed in 2016. Additional profiles were created to compare with the results from the most recent flood model approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency for Crystal Springs Creek and to evaluate model sensitivity.Model simulation results show that water-surface elevations during high-flow events will be lower than estimates from previous models, primarily due to lower estimates of streamflow associated with the 0.01 and 0.002 annual exceedance probability (AEP) events. Additionally, recent culvert replacements have resulted in less ponding behind crossings. Similarly, model simulation results show that the proposed replacement culverts at Glenwood Street and Bybee Boulevard will result in lower water-surface elevations during high-flow events upstream of the proposed project. Wider culverts will allow more water to pass through crossings, resulting in slightly higher water-surface elevations downstream of the project during high-flows than water-surface elevations that would occur under current conditions. For the 0.01 AEP event, the water-surface elevations downstream of the Glenwood/Bybee project will be an average of 0.05 ft and a maximum of 0.07 ft higher than current conditions. Similarly, for the 0.002 AEP event, the water-surface elevations will be an average of 0.04 ft and a maximum of 0.19 ft higher than current conditions.

Evaluation of box culvert maintenance methods.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-02-01

Traditional methods, such as using a vactor truck, for clearing culverts greater than 48 inches : of debris and accumulated sediment may be inefficient and costly. A survey of states outside : of Ohio has shown several regularly use remote controlled...

2. TEN MILE RIVER CULVERT WITH DODGEVILLE MILL IN BACKGROUND. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. TEN MILE RIVER CULVERT WITH DODGEVILLE MILL IN BACKGROUND. DODGEVILLE, BRISTOL CO., MA. Sec. 4116, MP 195.55. - Northeast Railroad Corridor, Amtrak Route between RI/MA State Line & South Station, Boston, Suffolk County, MA

In-situ culvert rehabilitation : synthesis study and field evaluation.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-06-01

This synthesis study evaluated culvert rehabilitation (repair) methods involving trenchless technologies that may be appropriate for use in Utah. This report is not intended as a replacement for installation manuals provided by the manufacturers but ...

Software development to implement the TxDOT culvert rating guide.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-05-01

This implementation project created CULVLR: Culvert Load Rating, Version 1.0.0, a Windows-based : desktop application software package that automates the process by which Texas Department of Transportation : (TxDOT) engineers and their consultants ...

Dry stone masonry culvert restoration.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-05-01

A damaged dry stone masonry culvert on KY 1268 Jessamine County was restored by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. The work was performed by the Dry Stone Conservancy, a non-profit agency promoting dry stone masonry. The work included replacement o...

An investigation of the hydraulic performance of culvert grates.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1990-11-01

An experimental investigation of the hydraulic performance of culvert endsections is reported. Of particular concern is the effect on performance that the addition of safety gratings may have. The head-discharge characteristics for various model inle...

Fish Passage in Large Culverts with Low Flows

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-08-01

A series of physical and numerical modeling runs were completed to support the development of a design procedure for characterizing the variation in velocity within non-embedded and embedded culverts. Physical modeling of symmetrical half-section cir...

Bend losses in rectangular culverts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-09-01

This study investigated bend losses for open channel flow in rectangular channels or culverts. Laboratory experiments were performed for sub-critical flow in rectangular channels with abrupt bends. Bend angles of approximately 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 d...

Culvert management case studies : Vermont, Oregon, Ohio and Los Angeles county.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-04-01

Transportation agencies a re responsible for the operation and maintenance of hydraulic control structures including culverts, drop : systems, and storm drains. It is difficult for transportation agencies to develop accurate and effective performance...

Fish movement ecology in high gradient headwater streams: Its relevance to fish passage restoration through stream culvert barriers

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hoffman, Robert L.; Dunham, Jason B.

2007-01-01

Restoration of fish passage through culvert barriers has emerged as a major issue in the Pacific Northwest and nationwide, in part, because of their potential influence on fish movement. Movement is an essential mechanism by which mobile animals acquire the resources necessary for the successful completion of their life-cycles. In this report, we provide a brief review of some essential characteristics of animal movement and examples from a focal group of fishes in Washington State: salmon, trout, and char. We begin by outlining some basic characteristics of animal movement and then apply that foundation to the case of salmonid fishes. Next we consider the consequences of disrupting fish movement with human-constructed barriers, such as culverts. Finally, this body of evidence is summarized, and we propose a short list of what we view as high priority information needs to support more effective restoration of fish passage through culverts.

Navigation lock for Bonneville Dam, Columbia River, Oregon. Volume II. Appendix A. Pressures during lock operations. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stockstill, R.L.; George, J.F.

1996-09-01

Tests were conducted on two different 1:25-scale models of the New Bonneville Lock located on the Columbia River in Oregon. The lock models were built to study the filling and emptying systems, which consisted of designs utilizing bottom longitudinal floor culverts. The first design studied, defined as the H-H pattern system, consisted of four longitudinal flood culverts in each end of the lock chamber. The second system studied had two longitudinal floor culverts in each end of the lock chamber and was defined as the H pattern system. In the H-H pattern system, the filling culverts, which were located undermore » the lock chamber floor, connected to a crossover culvert with a horizontal splitter wall dividing the flow to upstream and downstream splitter manifolds were equal divisions led into four longitudinal flood culverts in each end of the lock chamber. With the type 6 (recommended) design and a 1-min valve opening time, the lock chamber filled in 8.7 min and emptied in 12.1 min. Due to differences in friction losses, the prototype can be expected to fill and empty about 20 percent faster than the model (7.0 min and 9.7 min, respectively). Modifications involving installing a slope in the lower sill and a v-notch design in the high sill were significant factors that resulted in fast filling and emptying times, low hawser forces, and only minor movement with various tow arrangements for different operating scenarios.« less

Surveying drainage culvert use by carnivores: sampling design and cost-benefit analyzes of track-pads vs. video-surveillance methods.

PubMed

Mateus, Ana Rita A; Grilo, Clara; Santos-Reis, Margarida

2011-10-01

Environmental assessment studies often evaluate the effectiveness of drainage culverts as habitat linkages for species, however, the efficiency of the sampling designs and the survey methods are not known. Our main goal was to estimate the most cost-effective monitoring method for sampling carnivore culvert using track-pads and video-surveillance. We estimated the most efficient (lower costs and high detection success) interval between visits (days) when using track-pads and also determined the advantages of using each method. In 2006, we selected two highways in southern Portugal and sampled 15 culverts over two 10-day sampling periods (spring and summer). Using the track-pad method, 90% of the animal tracks were detected using a 2-day interval between visits. We recorded a higher number of crossings for most species using video-surveillance (n = 129) when compared with the track-pad technique (n = 102); however, the detection ability using the video-surveillance method varied with type of structure and species. More crossings were detected in circular culverts (1 m and 1.5 m diameter) than in box culverts (2 m to 4 m width), likely because video cameras had a reduced vision coverage area. On the other hand, carnivore species with small feet such as the common genet Genetta genetta were detected less often using the track-pad surveying method. The cost-benefit analyzes shows that the track-pad technique is the most appropriate technique, but video-surveillance allows year-round surveys as well as the behavior response analyzes of species using crossing structures.

9. VIEW OF THE PRESSURE CULVERT STILLING BASIN, LOOKING NORTH. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. VIEW OF THE PRESSURE CULVERT STILLING BASIN, LOOKING NORTH. NOTE THE LEVEE TO THE RIGHT. - Wyoming Valley Flood Control System, Woodward Pumping Station, East of Toby Creek crossing by Erie-Lackawanna Railroad, Edwardsville, Luzerne County, PA

A computerized method for the hydrologic design of culverts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-02-01

Nationwide, about five cents of each highway construction dollar is : spent on culverts. In Iowa, average annual construction costs on the : interstate, primary, and federal-aid secondary systems are about : $120,000,000. Assuming the national figure...

A study of bankfull culvert design effectiveness : executive summary report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-05-16

As part of the certification under the Clean : Water Act 404 Nationwide Permit (NWP) in 2002, : the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency : (OEPA) mandated that the Ohio Department of : Transportation (ODOT) install bankfull culverts in : all new culv...

Culvert information management system : demonstration project, final report, August 2009.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-08-01

The overall objective of the research was to develop a pilot scale Culvert Information Management System (CIMS) that will : comply with both requirements stipulated by the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB-34) and new federal : storm wate...

8. VIEW OF DOWNSTREAM OUTLET CULVERT AND WING RETAINING WALLS, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. VIEW OF DOWNSTREAM OUTLET CULVERT AND WING RETAINING WALLS, LOOKING NORTHWEST - High Mountain Dams in Upalco Unit, Twin Pots Dam, Ashley National Forest, 10.1 miles North of Mountain Home, Mountain Home, Duchesne County, UT

A laboratory investigation on three-sided structures.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-02-01

Egyptian Concrete Co. has recently developed a three-sided structure that adopts the advantages of both flat-top and arch-top threesided : culverts: (1) more convenient and lower cost of manufacturing flat-top culverts and (2) capability of the relat...

An investigation into the use of road drainage structures by wildlife in Maryland.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-08-01

The research team documented culvert use by 57 species of vertebrates with both infra-red motion detecting digital : game cameras and visual sightings. Species affiliations with culvert characteristics were analyzed using 2 : statistics, Canonical ...

An evaluation of bituminized fiber pipe culverts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1970-01-01

This report describes the results to date in a limited study, including laboratory tests and field evaluations, of the suitability of bituminized fiber pipe for use as highway culverts. Crushing strength data obtained from three-edge bearing tests in...

24. WEST CONFEDERATE AVENUE, DOUBLE CULVERT APPEARS TO BE "BOX", ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

24. WEST CONFEDERATE AVENUE, DOUBLE CULVERT APPEARS TO BE "BOX", BUT IS PIPE WITH SQUARE HEAD WALL OPENING. NOTE ARCHED TOP STYLE USED BY CCC. VIEW SE. - Gettysburg National Military Park Tour Roads, Gettysburg, Adams County, PA

Imaging Buried Culverts Using Ground Penetrating Radar: Comparing 100 MHZ Through 1 GHZ Antennae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdul Aziz, A.; Stewart, R. R.; Green, S. L.

2013-12-01

*Aziz, A A aabdulaziz@uh.edu Allied Geophysical Lab, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA Stewart, R R rrstewart@uh.edu Allied Geophysical Lab, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA *Green, S L slgreen@yahoo.com Allied Geophysical Lab, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA A 3D ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey, using three different frequency antennae, was undertaken to image buried steel culverts at the University of Houston's La Marque Geophysical Observatory 30 miles south of Houston, Texas. The four culverts, under study, support a road crossing one of the area's bayous. A 32 m by 4.5 m survey grid was designed on the road above the culverts and data were collected with 100 MHz, 250 MHz, and 1 GHz antennae. We used an orthogonal acquisition geometry for the three surveys. Inline sampling was from 1.0 cm to 10 cm (from 1 GHz to 100 MHz antenna) with inline and crossline spacings ranging from 0.2 m to 0.5 m. We used an initial velocity of 0.1 m/ns (from previous CMP work at the site) for the display purposes. The main objective of the study was to analyze the effect of different frequency antennae on the resultant GPR images. We are also interested in the accuracy and resolution of the various images, in addition to developing an optimal processing flow.The data were initially processed with standard steps that included gain enhancement, dewow and temporal-filtering, background suppression, and 2D migration. Various radar velocities were used in the 2D migration and ultimately 0.12 m/ns was used. The data are complicated by multipathing from the surface and between culverts (from modeling). Some of this is ameliorated via deconvolution. The top of each of the four culverts was evident in the GPR images acquired with the 250 MHz and 100 MHz antennas. For 1 GHz, the top of the culvert was not clear due to the signal's attenuation. The 250 MHz shielded antenna provides a vertical resolution of about 0.1 m and is the choice to image the culverts. The 100 MHz antenna provided an increment in depth of penetration, but at the expense of a substantially diminished resolution (0.25 m).

11. VIEW OF FLOOD GATE FOR THE PRESSURE CULVERT AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. VIEW OF FLOOD GATE FOR THE PRESSURE CULVERT AND THE SOUTH AND EAST ELEVATIONS, LOOKING NORTHWEST. - Wyoming Valley Flood Control System, Woodward Pumping Station, East of Toby Creek crossing by Erie-Lackawanna Railroad, Edwardsville, Luzerne County, PA

Unit 3, STA. 158+40 RB, Hinckson Run culvert context ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Unit 3, STA. 158+40 RB, Hinckson Run culvert context - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

25 CFR Appendix A to Subpart G - List of Activities Eligible for Funding Under BIA Transportation Facility Maintenance Program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Maintenance Program. The list is not all-inclusive. 1. Cleaning and repairing ditches and culverts. 2... additional culverts to prevent roadway and adjoining property damage. 4. Repairing, replacing or installing...

25 CFR Appendix A to Subpart G - List of Activities Eligible for Funding Under BIA Transportation Facility Maintenance Program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Maintenance Program. The list is not all-inclusive. 1. Cleaning and repairing ditches and culverts. 2... additional culverts to prevent roadway and adjoining property damage. 4. Repairing, replacing or installing...

25 CFR Appendix A to Subpart G - List of Activities Eligible for Funding Under BIA Transportation Facility Maintenance Program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Maintenance Program. The list is not all-inclusive. 1. Cleaning and repairing ditches and culverts. 2... additional culverts to prevent roadway and adjoining property damage. 4. Repairing, replacing or installing...

The flow of water through culverts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1926-06-01

This paper presents the results of 3,301 experiments on the flow of water through short conduits such as pipe and box culverts and sluiceways under levees. The experiments were conducted by the Bureau of Public Roads, U.S. Department of Agriculture, ...

Development of a Nebraska culvert aquatic organism passage screening tool.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-12-01

Culverts channelize water relative to natural stream reaches, which can increase the velocity of water passing through them. Increased water velocities can alter stream morphology and create a possible barrier or obstacle to fish passage, which may a...

PVA fiber reinforced shotcrete for rehabilitation and preventative maintenance of aging culverts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-12-01

The goal of this project was to investigate the potential for using PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) fiber : reinforced mortar for the rehabilitation and preventative maintenance of aging metal highway : drainage culverts using a spray-on liner application ap...

Research notes : drainage facility asset management : more than an inventory of pipes.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-04-01

The primary objectives for the research project were twofold: 1) To develop and implement an Oregon-specific system for inventorying and evaluating the condition of pipes, culverts, and stormwater facilities based on the FHWA Culvert Management Syste...

Developing short-span alternatives to reinforced concrete box culvert structures in Kansas.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-07-01

Concrete box culvert floor slabs are known to have detrimental effects on river and stream hydraulics. : Consequences include an aquatic environment less friendly to the passage of fish and other organisms. This has : prompted environmental regulatio...

15. Culvert and corrugated pipe with place of a thousand ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. Culvert and corrugated pipe with place of a thousand drips in background looking S. - Great Smoky Mountains National Park Roads & Bridges, Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail, Between Cherokee Orchard Road & U.S. Route 321, Gatlinburg, Sevier County, TN

Assessment of ODOT culvert load rating spreadsheets for use in Michigan.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-01-01

The project Assessment of ODOT Culvert Load Rating Spreadsheets for use in Michigan was : a short time-frame project funded by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) : through the Center for Structural Durability (CSD) at Michigan Tec...

Increased span length for the MGS long-span guardrail system.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-12-01

Long-span guardrail systems have been recognized as an effective means of shielding low-fill culverts while : minimizing construction efforts and limiting culvert damage and repair. The current MGS long-span design provided the : capability to span u...

Developing short-span alternatives to reinforced concrete box culvert structures in Kansas : [technical summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-07-01

Concrete box culvert floor slabs are known to have detrimental effects on river and stream hydraulics. Consequences include an aquatic environment less friendly to the passage of fish and other organisms. This has prompted environmental regulations r...

Identification of techniques to meet pH standard during in-stream construction.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-03-01

Many of Marylands tributaries traverse highway infrastructure via culverts that are managed : and maintained by SHA. These culverts are often made of galvanized steel and over time are : subjected to scour. Concrete grout is often used as a repair...

Computational study of fish passage through circular culverts in Northeast Ohio.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-11-01

An investigation has been carried out in Northeast Ohio to determine the percentage of culverts that act : as barriers for fish passage and to identify the design parameters that can be associated with passage : success through stream simulation in t...

Determination of entrance loss coefficients for pre-cast reinforced concrete box culverts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-12-01

There is an increased interest in constructing Pre-Cast (PC) Twin and Triple Reinforced Concrete Box (RCB) culverts : in Iowa due to the efficiency associated with their production in controlled environment and decrease of the construction : time at ...

Research on the upstream passage of juvenile salmon through culverts : retrofit baffles

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-04-01

This report provides data from biological tests conducted November 2005 through January 2006 by Battelle for the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) at the Culvert Test Bed Facility located at the Washington Department of Fish and W...

6. VIEW OF WEST GATE ROAD CULVERT OF LOWER DIAGONAL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. VIEW OF WEST GATE ROAD CULVERT OF LOWER DIAGONAL NO. 1 DRAIN, LOOKING 2502 EAST OF NORTH. - Truckee-Carson Irrigation District, Lower Diagonal No. 1 Drain, Bounded by West Gate Road & Weapons Delivery Road, Naval Air Station Fallon, Fallon, Churchill County, NV

7. VIEW OF WEAPONS DELIVERY ROAD CULVERT OF LOWER DIAGONAL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. VIEW OF WEAPONS DELIVERY ROAD CULVERT OF LOWER DIAGONAL NO. 1 DRAIN, LOOKING 522 EAST OF NORTH. - Truckee-Carson Irrigation District, Lower Diagonal No. 1 Drain, Bounded by West Gate Road & Weapons Delivery Road, Naval Air Station Fallon, Fallon, Churchill County, NV

5. VIEW OF WEST GATE ROAD CULVERT OF LOWER DIAGONAL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. VIEW OF WEST GATE ROAD CULVERT OF LOWER DIAGONAL NO. 1 DRAIN, LOOKING 323' EAST OF NORTH. - Truckee-Carson Irrigation District, Lower Diagonal No. 1 Drain, Bounded by West Gate Road & Weapons Delivery Road, Naval Air Station Fallon, Fallon, Churchill County, NV

DETAIL OF WING WALL ON OUTLET SIDE OF CULVERT. NOTE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

DETAIL OF WING WALL ON OUTLET SIDE OF CULVERT. NOTE THE INCLUSIONS IN THE CONCRETE. OBLIQUE VIEW TO THE SOUTH-SOUTHWEST. 21 - Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad, Cajon Subdivision, Structure 58.1X, Between Cajon Summit and Keenbrook, Devore, San Bernardino County, CA

Identification of techniques to meet pH standard during in-stream construction : research summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-03-01

Many of Marylands tributaries traverse highway infrastructure via culverts that are managed : and maintained by SHA. These culverts are often made of galvanized steel and over time are : subjected to scour. Concrete grout is often used as a repair...

Re-examination of the 1994 and subsequent sewer and culvert installations of various pipe types, sizes and depths.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-02-01

In 1994 the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) initiated a sewer and culvert : condition research conducted at various locations throughout Southeast and Southwest : Michigan to review the performance of concrete, plastic and metal pipe tha...

Characteristics of roost sites used by burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) wintering in Southern Texas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Williford, D.L.; Woodin, M.C.; Skoruppa, M.K.; Hickman, G.C.

2007-01-01

The western burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) is threatened in Mexico, endangered in Canada, and declining in most of the western United States. Most previous research has focused on burrowing owl breeding biology, and little is known about its winter ecology. We determined characteristics of roost sites used by western burrowing owls in southern Texas during winter. Data on 46 winter roost sites were collected from 15 November 2001 to 15 February 2002. Of these roost sites, 87% were located on agricultural land, 80% were along roads, and 74% were concrete, steel, or cast-iron culverts. Mean diameter (??SE) of roost site openings was 22 ?? 1.5 cm. Most roost sites (70%) were located on inaccessible private lands. Bare ground comprised 61% of ground cover within a 10-m radius of roost sites. We recommend that landowners and public-land managers should be encouraged to use smaller-diameter culverts when building roads or replacing old or damaged culverts and to graze livestock or mow around these culverts during winter.

A comparative study of aluminum and steel culverts : progress report no. 4.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-01-01

The results of a comparative study of aluminum and steel culverts at six test sites throughout Virginia indicate that satisfactory durability can be expected of aluminum pipe under exposure to most of the soil and water conditions in the state. The p...

Evaluation of the flood risk factor in the design of box culverts, volume 1 : theoretical development.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-09-01

"The work presented in this report represents a preliminary effort to integrate economic factors with the physics of highway drainage. Conventional culvert design rests on the selection of a flood peak flow having a particular return period; for exam...

Post weld and epoxy anchorage variations for w-beam guardrail attached to low-rill culverts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

The research effort consisted of two objectives for dealing with alterations to the W-beam guardrail system developed : for attachment to the top of low-fill culverts. This effort included: (1) investigation of an alternative weld detail to simplify ...

35. Photo of concrete arch culvert constructed by Puget Sound ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

35. Photo of concrete arch culvert constructed by Puget Sound Construction Company, 1911, for the Northern Pacific Railroad, over flume. Photo by Brian C. Morris, Puget Power, 1989. - Puget Sound Power & Light Company, White River Hydroelectric Project, 600 North River Avenue, Dieringer, Pierce County, WA

14. Fifth Melan Bridge on tour route, Union Avenue near ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. Fifth Melan Bridge on tour route, Union Avenue near Park Boundary, elevation view to the north, showing Culvert beyond park boundary. (bridge has now been replaced with box culvert). - Vicksburg National Military Park Roads & Bridges, Melan Arch Bridges, Spanning various tributaries at Confederate Avenue, Vicksburg, Warren County, MS

206. Big Witch Road grade separation structure. This concrete box ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

206. Big Witch Road grade separation structure. This concrete box culvert, built in 1950, is unusual in that the culvert's concrete bottom extends beyond the structure to the ends of its perpendicular wing walls. Facing northeast. - Blue Ridge Parkway, Between Shenandoah National Park & Great Smoky Mountains, Asheville, Buncombe County, NC

Energy dissipation in twelve-foot broken-back culverts using laboratory models : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-09-01

This report represents Phase IV of broken-back culverts with a drop of 12 feet. The first phase of this research was performed with a drop of 24 feet, the second phase of this research was carried with for a drop of 6 feet, and the third phase of thi...

How is a stream impacted by burial? Examining the spatial variation within urban buried streams in Cincinnati, OH

EPA Science Inventory

While the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems have been well-documented, little is known regarding the impact of burying streams within culverts. Our project aims to explore the ecological impacts of stream burial at a fine spatial scale. Two culverted urban streams in C...

Remaining Sites Verification Package for the 100-F-50 Stormwater Runoff Culvert, Waste Site Reclassification Form 2007-001

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

J. M. Capron

2008-04-15

The 100-F-50 waste site, part of the 100-FR-2 Operable Unit, is a steel stormwater runoff culvert that runs between two railroad grades in the south-central portion of the 100-F Area. The culvert exiting the west side of the railroad grade is mostly encased in concrete and surrounded by a concrete stormwater collection depression partially filled with soil and vegetation. The drain pipe exiting the east side of the railroad grade embankment is partially filled with soil and rocks. The 100-F-50 stormwater diversion culvert confirmatory sampling results support a reclassification of this site to no action. The current site conditions achievemore » the remedial action objectives and corresponding remedial action goals established in the Remaining Sites ROD. The results of confirmatory sampling show that residual contaminant concentrations do not preclude any future uses and allow for unrestricted use of shallow zone soils. The results also demonstrate that residual contaminant concentrations are protective of groundwater and the Columbia River.« less

Successful remediation of four uranium calibration pits at Technical Area II, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Conway, R.; Wade, M.; Tharp, T.

1994-12-31

The first remediation of an Environmental Restoration (ER) Project site at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) was successfully conducted in May and June 1994 at Technical Area II. The removal action involved four Uranium Calibration Pits (UCPs) filled with radioactive or hazardous materials. The concrete culvert pits were used to test and calibrate borehole radiometric logging tools for uranium exploration. The removal action consisted of excavating and containerizing the pit contents and contaminated soil beneath the culverts, removing the four culverts, and backfilling the excavation. Each UCP removal had unique complexities. Sixty 208-L drums of solid radioactive waste and eight 208-Lmore » drums of liquid hazardous waste were generated during the VCM. Two of the concrete culverts will be disposed as radioactive waste and two as solid waste. Uranium-238 was detected in UCP-2 ore material at 746 pci/g, and at 59 pci/g in UCP-1 silica sand. UCP-4 was empty; sludge from UCP-3 contained 122 mg/L (ppm) chromium.« less

No effect of artificial light of different colors on commuting Daubenton's bats (Myotis daubentonii) in a choice experiment.

PubMed

Spoelstra, Kamiel; Ramakers, Jip J C; van Dis, Natalie E; Visser, Marcel E

2018-05-29

Progressive illumination at night poses an increasing threat to species worldwide. Light at night is particularly problematic for bats as most species are nocturnal and often cross relatively large distances when commuting between roosts and foraging grounds. Earlier studies have shown that illumination of linear structures in the landscape disturbs commuting bats, and that the response of bats to light may strongly depend on the light spectrum. Here, we studied the impact of white, green, and red light on commuting Daubenton's bats (Myotis daubentonii). We used a unique location where commuting bats cross a road by flying through two identical, parallel culverts underneath. We illuminated the culverts with white, red, and green light, with an intensity of 5 lux at the water surface. Bats had to choose between the two culverts, each with a different lighting condition every night. We presented all paired combinations of white, green, and red light and dark control in a factorial design. Contrary to our expectations, the number of bat passes through a culvert was unaffected by the presence of light. Furthermore, bats did not show any preference for light color. These results show that the response of commuting Daubenton's bats to different colors of light at night with a realistic intensity may be limited when passing through culverts. © The Authors. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A semi-automated tool for reducing the creation of false closed depressions from a filled LIDAR-derived digital elevation model

USGS Publications Warehouse

Waller, John S.; Doctor, Daniel H.; Terziotti, Silvia

2015-01-01

Closed depressions on the land surface can be identified by ‘filling’ a digital elevation model (DEM) and subtracting the filled model from the original DEM. However, automated methods suffer from artificial ‘dams’ where surface streams cross under bridges and through culverts. Removal of these false depressions from an elevation model is difficult due to the lack of bridge and culvert inventories; thus, another method is needed to breach these artificial dams. Here, we present a semi-automated workflow and toolbox to remove falsely detected closed depressions created by artificial dams in a DEM. The approach finds the intersections between transportation routes (e.g., roads) and streams, and then lowers the elevation surface across the roads to stream level allowing flow to be routed under the road. Once the surface is corrected to match the approximate location of the National Hydrologic Dataset stream lines, the procedure is repeated with sequentially smaller flow accumulation thresholds in order to generate stream lines with less contributing area within the watershed. Through multiple iterations, artificial depressions that may arise due to ephemeral flow paths can also be removed. Preliminary results reveal that this new technique provides significant improvements for flow routing across a DEM and minimizes artifacts within the elevation surface. Slight changes in the stream flow lines generally improve the quality of flow routes; however some artificial dams may persist. Problematic areas include extensive road ditches, particularly along divided highways, and where surface flow crosses beneath road intersections. Limitations do exist, and the results partially depend on the quality of data being input. Of 166 manually identified culverts from a previous study by Doctor and Young in 2013, 125 are within 25 m of culverts identified by this tool. After three iterations, 1,735 culverts were identified and cataloged. The result is a reconditioned elevation dataset, which retains the karst topography for further analysis, and a culvert catalog.

Quantifying fish habitat associated with stream simulation design culverts in northern Wisconsin

Treesearch

A. Timm; D. Higgins; J. Stanovick; R. Kolka; S. Eggert

2017-01-01

This study investigated the effects of culvert replacement design on fish habitat and fish weight by comparing substrate diversity and weight at three stream simulation (SS)-design and three bankfull and backwater (BB)-design sites on the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Wisconsin. Stream channel cross-sections, Wolman substrate particle counts, and single-pass...

What We Know--and Don't Know--About Water Quality at Stream Crossings

Treesearch

Steven E. Taylor; Robert B. Rummer; Kyung H. Yoo; Richard A. Welch; Jason D. Thompson

1999-01-01

Forest road stream crossings including fords, culverts, and bridges, are primary contributors of sediment to forest streams. Information on the water quality impacts form each type for crossings is limited, but the available literature indicates that signicifacent amounts of sediment are produced during installation fo fords and culverts; construction and use of...

49 CFR 1242.15 - Roadway, tunnels and subways, bridges and culverts, ties, rails, other track material, ballast...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Roadway, tunnels and subways, bridges and culverts, ties, rails, other track material, ballast, track laying and surfacing, and road property damaged... RAILROADS 1 Operating Expenses-Way and Structures § 1242.15 Roadway, tunnels and subways, bridges and...

Culvert analysis program for indirect measurement of discharge

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fulford, Janice M.; ,

1993-01-01

A program based on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) methods for indirectly computing peak discharges through culverts allows users to employ input data formats used by the water surface profile program (WSPRO). The program can be used to compute discharge rating surfaces or curves that describe the behavior of flow through a particular culvert or to compute discharges from measurements of upstream of the gradually varied flow equations and has been adapted slightly to provide solutions that minimize the need for the user to determine between different flow regimes. The program source is written in Fortran 77 and has been run on mini-computers and personal computers. The program does not use or require graphics capability, a color monitor, or a mouse.

Turbidity changes during culvert to bridge upgrades at Carmen Creek, Idaho

Treesearch

Randy B. Foltz; Breann Westfall; Ben Kopyscianski

2013-01-01

Forest Service, BLM, and state forest roads provide access for timber harvest and recreational use. Culverts used on these roads were historically designed to convey water under the road with little attention given to passage of aquatic organisms. In the past decade or so, driven largely by the Endangered Species Act listing of various salmonids in the Pacific...

126. Moses H. Cone Memorial Park. View of barbed wire ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

126. Moses H. Cone Memorial Park. View of barbed wire fence along carriage trail with a concrete box culvert for the carriage trail in the background. It is the only culvert on the parkway with stone veneer finished with a roman arch. It was constructed in 1960. Looking south-southeast. - Blue Ridge Parkway, Between Shenandoah National Park & Great Smoky Mountains, Asheville, Buncombe County, NC

Field Experience with Lock Culvert Valves

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

factors pertaining to valves such as the hoist loads, cavitation parameter, and effects of venting. To reduce the surge in the navigation channel...2 min 15 sec, filling-and-emptying valve opening time) ensures that adequate air is drawn into the culvert to cushion the cavitation implosions...shape can have adverse hydrodynamic loading consequences. The USACE, Mobile District (SAM) is in the process of designing replacement valves that are

Supplement Analysis for the Watershed Management Program EIS (DOE/EIS-0265/SA-155) - Blind Slough Restoration Project

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wittpenn, Nancy A.

2004-07-09

This project proposes to restore tidal connection between the Columbia River Estuary and Blind Slough through the replacement and/or installation of culverts, installation of water control devices, breaching of dikes, and channel enhancement. These enhancements would restore connectivity to approximately ten (10) miles of slough channels previously isolated from tidal influence due to dikes, road crossings, and constrained culverts.

25. Otter Creek Bridge #2. View of the stone facing ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

25. Otter Creek Bridge #2. View of the stone facing common on nearly all concrete box culverts. The stone faced arch mimics rigid frame structures. Culverts were used for a variety of purposes from small stream crossings to grade separation structures for farmers whose land was split by the parkway. Looking northeast. - Blue Ridge Parkway, Between Shenandoah National Park & Great Smoky Mountains, Asheville, Buncombe County, NC

Flood Frequenices and Bridge and Culvert Sizes for Forested Mountains of North Carolina

Treesearch

James E. Douglass

1974-01-01

A method is presented for predicting flood discharge from the forested Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina for storms at recurrence intervals of 2.33, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 years. These predictions are based on area and maximum elevation of the drainage. Once storm discharge has been estimated, the proper size of culvert can be determined from tables which list...

Are motorway wildlife passages worth building? Vertebrate use of road-crossing structures on a Spanish motorway.

PubMed

Mata, C; Hervás, I; Herranz, J; Suárez, F; Malo, J E

2008-08-01

Numerous road and railway construction projects include costly mitigation measures to offset the barrier effect produced on local fauna, despite the scarcity of data on the effectiveness of such mitigation measures. In this study, we evaluate the utility of different types of crossing structures. Vertebrate use of 43 transverse crossing structures along the A-52 motorway (north-western Spain) was studied during spring 2001. Research centered on wildlife passages (9), wildlife-adapted box culverts (7), functional passages (6 overpasses, 7 underpasses) and culverts (14), with marble dust being used to record animal tracks. A total of 424 track-days were recorded, with most of the larger vertebrate groups present in the area being detected. All crossing structure types were used by animals, although the intensity of use varied significantly among them (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.05); culverts were used less frequently than other structures. Crossing structure type and width were identified as the most important factors in their selection for use. Wildlife passages and adapted culverts allowed crossing by certain species (wild boar, roe deer, Eurasian badger), which do not tend to cross elsewhere. These results highlight the importance of using both mixed-type structures and wildlife passages in reducing the barrier effect of roads.

Stability evaluation of modernized bank protections in a culvert construction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cholewa, Mariusz; Plesiński, Karol; Kamińska, Katarzyna; Wójcik, Izabela

2018-02-01

The paper presents stability evaluation of the banks of the Wilga River on a chosen stretch in Koźmice Wielkie, Małopolska Province. The examined stretch included the river bed upstream from the culvert on a district road. The culvert construction, built over four decades ago, was disassembled in 2014. The former construction, two pipes that were 1.4 m in diameter, was entirely removed. The investor decided to build a new construction in the form of insitu poured reinforced concrete with a 4 x 2 m cross section. Change of geometry and different location in relation to the river current caused increase in the flow velocity and, as a consequence, erosion of both protected and natural banks. Groundwater conditions were determined based on the geotechnical tests that were carried out on soil samples taken from the banks and the river bed. Stability calculations of natural slopes of the Wilga River and the ones protected with riprap indicate mistakes in the design project concerning construction of the river banks. The purpose of the study was to determine the stability of the Wilga River banks on a selected section adjacent to the rebuilt culvert. Stability of a chosen cross section was analysed in the paper. Presented conclusions are based on the results of geotechnical tests and numerical calculations.

Lock Culvert Valves; Hydraulic Design Considerations

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

gate.” Musical note shape seals are also not suitable as sill seals although they appear to be in use. Lewin (1995) also warns that particular...of the tailwater rather than the high water surface maintained with a reverse tainter valve. Air entrainment through the valve well, which would...the valve. The air vent is located such that the air drawn into the culvert is entrained in the form of very small bubbles, avoiding large air pockets

Protect and Restore Lolo Creek Watershed, 2004-2005 Annual Report.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McRoberts, Heidi

2005-12-01

The Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Watershed Division approaches watershed restoration with a ridge-top to ridge-top approach. Watershed restoration projects within the Lolo Creek watershed are coordinated with the Clearwater National Forest and Potlatch Corporation. The Nez Perce Tribe began watershed restoration projects within the Lolo Creek watershed of the Clearwater River in 1996. Fencing to exclude cattle for stream banks, stream bank stabilization, decommissioning roads, and upgrading culverts are the primary focuses of this project. Riparian enhancement through planting of riparian trees and streambank bioengineering was completed. Culvert inventory was completed in 2004 on US Forestmore » Service and Potlatch Corporation lands in the Lolo Creek drainage. Two high priority culverts were replaced, and are now accessible for fish species. Four miles of road was decommissioned. Tribal crews completed maintenance to the previously built fence.« less

Open top culverts as an alternative drainage system to minimize ecological effects in earth roads.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

García, Jose L.; Elorrieta, Jose; Robredo, Jose C.; García, Ricardo; García, Fernando; Gimenez, Martin C.

2013-04-01

During the last fifteen years a research team from School of Forestry at the Technical University of Madrid (Spain) has developed several competitive research projects regarding forest roads and open top culverts. A first approach was established with a prototype of 7 meters length in a hydraulic channel at the laboratory determining main parameters of different open top culverts in relation to different sizes of gravels and the self washing properties relationship with different slopes up to 8 %. The curves obtained may help to properly install these drainage systems avoiding maintenance costs. In addition more targeted pilot studies were developed in different forest earth roads in center and north Spain. The construction of the stations under study was financed by the U.P.M and the R&D National Plan. The main outcomes relates the low variation of humidity in a 20 m. wide range at both sides of the open top culverts and several considerations relating the angle of installation, the spacing of such drainage systems and the benefits against rilling along the roads. Also the erosion produced downhill was established and some construction methods to avoid adverse ecological effects. The diffusion of results includes congresses and a small booklet with a great acceptance in forestry services. Also a patent (ES 2 262 437) of an advanced model has been registered.

Substrate roughening improves swimming performance in two small-bodied riverine fishes: implications for culvert remediation and design

PubMed Central

Rodgers, Essie M.; Heaslip, Breeana M.; Cramp, Rebecca L.; Riches, Marcus; Gordos, Matthew A.

2017-01-01

Abstract Worldwide declines in riverine fish abundance and diversity have been linked to the fragmentation of aquatic habitats through the installation of instream structures (e.g. culverts, dams, weirs and barrages). Restoring riverine connectivity can be achieved by remediating structures impeding fish movements by, for example, replacing smooth substrates of pipe culverts with naturalistic substrates (i.e. river stones; culvert roughening). However, empirical evaluations of the efficacy of such remediation efforts are often lacking despite the high economic cost. We assessed the effectiveness of substrate roughening in improving fish swimming performance and linked this to estimates of upstream passage success. Critical swimming speeds (Ucrit) of two small-bodied fish, purple-spotted gudgeon (Mogurnda adspersa; 7.7–11.6 cm total length, BL) and crimson-spotted rainbowfish (Melanotaenia duboulayi; 4.2–8.7 cm BL) were examined. Swimming trials were conducted in a hydraulic flume fitted with either a smooth acrylic substrate (control) or a rough substrate with fixed river stones. Swimming performance was improved on the rough compared to the smooth substrate, with Mo. adspersa (Ucrit-smooth = 0.28 ± 0.0 m s−1, 2.89 ± 0.1 BL s−1, Ucrit-rough = 0.36 ± 0.02 m s−1, 3.66 ± 0.22 BL s−1, mean ± s.e) and Me. duboulayi (Ucrit-smooth = 0.46 ± 0.01 m s−1, 7.79 ± 0.33 BL s−1; Ucrit-rough = = 0.55 ± 0.03 m s−1, 9.83 ± 0.67 BL s−1, mean ± s.e.) both experiencing a 26% increase in relative Ucrit. Traversable water velocity models predicted maximum water speeds allowing successful upstream passage of both species to substantially increase following roughening remediation. Together these findings suggest culvert roughening may be a solution which allows hydraulic efficiency goals to be met, without compromising fish passage. PMID:28567285

Substrate roughening improves swimming performance in two small-bodied riverine fishes: implications for culvert remediation and design.

PubMed

Rodgers, Essie M; Heaslip, Breeana M; Cramp, Rebecca L; Riches, Marcus; Gordos, Matthew A; Franklin, Craig E

2017-01-01

Worldwide declines in riverine fish abundance and diversity have been linked to the fragmentation of aquatic habitats through the installation of instream structures (e.g. culverts, dams, weirs and barrages). Restoring riverine connectivity can be achieved by remediating structures impeding fish movements by, for example, replacing smooth substrates of pipe culverts with naturalistic substrates (i.e. river stones; culvert roughening). However, empirical evaluations of the efficacy of such remediation efforts are often lacking despite the high economic cost. We assessed the effectiveness of substrate roughening in improving fish swimming performance and linked this to estimates of upstream passage success. Critical swimming speeds ( U crit ) of two small-bodied fish, purple-spotted gudgeon ( Mogurnda adspersa ; 7.7-11.6 cm total length, BL) and crimson-spotted rainbowfish ( Melanotaenia duboulayi ; 4.2-8.7 cm BL) were examined. Swimming trials were conducted in a hydraulic flume fitted with either a smooth acrylic substrate (control) or a rough substrate with fixed river stones. Swimming performance was improved on the rough compared to the smooth substrate, with Mo. adspersa ( U crit-smooth = 0.28 ± 0.0 m s -1 , 2.89 ± 0.1 BL s -1 , U crit-rough = 0.36 ± 0.02 m s -1 , 3.66 ± 0.22 BL s -1 , mean ± s.e) and Me. duboulayi ( U crit-smooth = 0.46 ± 0.01 m s -1 , 7.79 ± 0.33 BL s -1 ; U crit-rough = = 0.55 ± 0.03 m s -1 , 9.83 ± 0.67 BL s -1 , mean ± s.e.) both experiencing a 26% increase in relative U crit . Traversable water velocity models predicted maximum water speeds allowing successful upstream passage of both species to substantially increase following roughening remediation. Together these findings suggest culvert roughening may be a solution which allows hydraulic efficiency goals to be met, without compromising fish passage.

2. View east at north end of west facade of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. View east at north end of west facade of culvert outlet headwall with part of canal bank removed. Foreground to background: dewatered streambed with pump intake (left) and coffer dam (right); outlet headwall with partially intact voussoirs; partially removed canal bank revealing horizontal masonry cutoff wall (exposed in trenches to left and right); towpath at top of canal bank. - Delaware & Raritan Canal, Six Mile Run Culvert, .2 mile South of Blackwells Mills Road, East Millstone, Somerset County, NJ

24. CULVERT WITH CONCRETE HEADWALL AND SIDEWALLS CARRYING THE LATERAL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

24. CULVERT WITH CONCRETE HEADWALL AND SIDEWALLS CARRYING THE LATERAL UNDER 8TH AVENUE. - Highline Canal, Sand Creek Lateral, Beginning at intersection of Peoria Street & Highline Canal in Arapahoe County (City of Aurora), Sand Creek lateral Extends 15 miles Northerly through Araphoe County, City & County of Denver, & Adams County to its end point, approximately 1/4 mile Southest of intersectioin of D Street & Ninth Avenue in Adams County (Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City Vicinity), Commerce City, Adams County, CO

Protect and Restore Mill Creek Watershed; Annual Report 2004-2005.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McRoberts, Heidi

2005-12-01

The Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Watershed Division approaches watershed restoration with a ridge-top to ridge-top approach. The Nez Perce Tribe and the Nez Perce National Forest (NPNF) have formed a partnership in completing watershed restoration activities, and through this partnership, more work is accomplished by sharing funding and resources in our effort. The Nez Perce Tribe began watershed restoration projects within the Mill Creek watershed of the South Fork Clearwater River in 2000. Progress has been made in restoring the watershed through excluding cattle from critical riparian areas through fencing. Starting in FY 2002, continuing intomore » 2004, trees were planted in riparian areas in the meadow of the upper watershed. In addition, a complete inventory of culverts at road-stream crossings was completed. Culverts have been prioritized for replacement to accommodate fish passage throughout the watershed, and one high priority culvert was replaced in 2004. Maintenance to the previously built fence was also completed.« less

Protect and Restore Mill Creek Watershed; Annual Report 2003-2004.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McRoberts, Heidi

2004-06-01

The Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Watershed Division approaches watershed restoration with a ridge-top to ridge-top approach. The Nez Perce Tribe and the Nez Perce National Forest have formed a partnership in completing watershed restoration activities, and through this partnership, more work is accomplished by sharing funding and resources in our effort. The Nez Perce Tribe began watershed restoration projects within the Mill Creek watershed of the South Fork Clearwater River in 2000. Progress has been made in restoring the watershed through excluding cattle from critical riparian areas through fencing. Starting in FY 2002, continuing into 2004,more » trees were planted in riparian areas in the meadow of the upper watershed. In addition, a complete inventory of culverts at road-stream crossings was completed. Culverts have been prioritized for replacement to accommodate fish passage throughout the watershed, and designs completed on two of the high priority culverts. Maintenance to the previously built fence was also completed.« less

Unusual subterranean aggregations of the California Giant Salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fellers, Gary M.; Wood, Leslie L.; Carlisle, Sarah; Pratt, David

2010-01-01

Larval Dicamptodon are one of the most abundant vertebrates in headwater streams in the Pacific Northwest. Their numbers and biomass can exceed those of all other amphibians, and of salmonid fishes. By contrast, metamorphosed Dicamptodon are only found infrequently, usually during formal surveys using pitfall traps, cover boards, or time constrained surveys However, we found two aggregations (23 and 27 individuals) of metamorphosed Dicamptodon ensatus during a culvert removal project at Point Reyes National Seashore, California. Furthermore, we found an additional 23 terrestrial D. ensatus in terrestrial habitat adjacent to the culverts. We did not expect these aggregations because metamorphosed individuals are so rarely encountered, and aggregations are likely to increase competition and predation in a species known to feed regularly on vertebrate prey. Deteriorating culverts might provide an unusually high-quality habitat that leads to aggregations such as we describe. Our observations may provide insight into the natural haunts of D. ensatus—underground burrows or caverns—and if so, then aggregations may be normal, but rarely seen.

Protect and Restore Mill Creek Watershed : Annual Report CY 2005.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McRoberts, Heidi

2006-03-01

The Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Watershed Division approaches watershed restoration with a ridge-top to ridge-top approach. The Nez Perce Tribe and the Nez Perce National Forest (NPNF) have formed a partnership in completing watershed restoration activities, and through this partnership, more work is accomplished by sharing funding and resources in our effort. The Nez Perce Tribe began watershed restoration projects within the Mill Creek watershed of the South Fork Clearwater River in 2000. Progress has been made in restoring the watershed through excluding cattle from critical riparian areas through fencing. Starting in FY 2002, continuing intomore » 2004, trees were planted in riparian areas in the meadow of the upper watershed. In addition, a complete inventory of culverts at road-stream crossings was completed. Culverts have been prioritized for replacement to accommodate fish passage throughout the watershed, and one high priority culvert was replaced in 2004. Maintenance to the previously built fence was also completed.« less

Hydrogen sulfide removal from sediment and water in box culverts/storm drains by iron-based granules.

PubMed

Sun, J L; Shang, C; Kikkert, G A

2013-01-01

A renewable granular iron-based technology for hydrogen sulfide removal from sediment and water in box culverts and storm drains is discussed. Iron granules, including granular ferric hydroxide (GFH), granular ferric oxide (GFO) and rusted waste iron crusts (RWIC) embedded in the sediment phase removed aqueous hydrogen sulfide formed from sedimentary biological sulfate reduction. The exhausted iron granules were exposed to dissolved oxygen and this regeneration process recovered the sulfide removal capacities of the granules. The recovery is likely attributable to the oxidation of the ferrous iron precipitates film and the formation of new reactive ferric iron surface sites on the iron granules and sand particles. GFH and RWIC showed larger sulfide removal capacities in the sediment phase than GFO, likely due to the less ordered crystal structures on their surfaces. This study demonstrates that the iron granules are able to remove hydrogen sulfide from sediment and water in box culverts and storm drains and they have the potential to be regenerated and reused by contacting with dissolved oxygen.

First record of invasive Burmese Python oviposition and brooding inside an anthropogenic structure

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hanslowe, Emma; Falk, Bryan; Collier, Michelle A. M.; Josimovich, Jillian; Rahill, Thomas; Reed, Robert

2016-01-01

We discovered an adult female Python bivittatus (Burmese Python) coiled around a clutch of 25 eggs in a cement culvert in Flamingo, FL, in Everglades National Park. To our knowledge, this is the first record of an invasive Burmese Python laying eggs and brooding inside an anthropogenic structure in Florida. A 92% hatch-success rate suggests that the cement culvert provided suitable conditions for oviposition, embryonic development, and hatching. Given the plenitude of such anthropogenic structures across the landscape, available sites for oviposition and brooding may not be limiting for the invasive Burmese Python population.

Improvised Explosive Devices: Unclear Whether Culvert Denial Systems to Protect Troops are Functioning or Were Ever Installed

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-07-23

Regional Command-South. At least 4 of the contracts awarded by RCC-Kandahar were blanket purchase agreements ( BPA ) with multiple task orders against them...for the construction of culvert denial systems. Of the BPAs that we reviewed, both W91B4L-11-A-0031 (82 task orders) and W91B4L-11-A-0034 (14 task...orders) are no longer active. However, W91B4L-11-A-0033 (currently 117 task orders) and W91B4L-11-A-0037 (currently 198 task orders) are active BPAs

PONDCALC - A Tool to Estimate Discharge from the Alviso Salt Ponds, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Shellenbarger, Gregory; Schoellhamer, David H.; Lionberger, Megan A.

2007-01-01

Former commercial salt ponds in Alviso, California, now are operated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to provide habitat for birds. The USFWS has modified the operation of the ponds to prevent exceedingly high salinity. Ponds that were formerly hydraulically isolated from South San Francisco Bay and adjacent sloughs now are managed as flow-through ponds, and some are allowed to discharge to the Bay and sloughs. This discharge is allowed under a permit issued by the Regional Water Quality Control Board. As a requirement of the permit, the USFWS must estimate the amount of discharge from each discharge pond for the period May through November of each year. To facilitate the accurate estimation of pond discharge, a calculation methodology (hereafter referred to as 'calculator' or PONDCALC) for the discharging Alviso ponds has been developed as a Microsoft Excel file and is presented in this report. The presence of flap gates on one end of the discharge culverts, which allow only outflow from a pond, complicates the hydraulic analysis of flow through the culverts. The equation typically used for culvert flow contains an energy loss coefficient that had to be determined empirically using measured water discharge and head at the discharge structure of one of the ponds. A standard weir-flow equation is included in PONDCALC for discharge calculation in the ponds having weir box structures in addition to culverts. The resulting methodology is applicable only to the five Alviso ponds (A2W, A3W, A7, A14, and A16) that discharge to South San Francisco Bay or adjacent sloughs under the management practices for 2005.

Water-balance wodel of a wetland on the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota

USGS Publications Warehouse

Vining, Kevin C.

2007-01-01

A numerical water-balance model was developed to simulate the responses of a wetland on the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota, to historical and possible extreme hydrological inputs and to changes in hydrological inputs that might occur if a proposed refinery is built on the reservation. Results from model simulations indicated that the study wetland would likely contain water during most historical and extreme-precipitation events with the addition of maximum potential discharges of 0.6 acre-foot per day from proposed refinery holding ponds. Extended periods with little precipitation and above-normal temperatures may result in the wetland becoming nearly dry, especially if potential holding-pond discharges are near zero. Daily simulations based on the historical-enhanced climate data set for May and June 2005, which included holding-pond discharges of 0.6 acre-foot per day, indicated that the study-wetland maximum simulated water volume was about 16.2 acre-feet and the maximum simulated water level was about 1.2 feet at the outlet culvert. Daily simulations based on the extreme summer data set, created to represent an extreme event with excessive June precipitation and holding-pond discharges of 0.6 acre-foot per day, indicated that the study-wetland maximum simulated water volume was about 38.6 acre-feet and the maximum simulated water level was about 2.6 feet at the outlet culvert. A simulation performed using the extreme winter climate data set and an outlet culvert blocked with snow and ice resulted in the greatest simulated wetland water volume of about 132 acre-feet and the greatest simulated water level, which would have been about 6.2 feet at the outlet culvert, but water was not likely to overflow an adjacent highway.

The use of three-parameter rating table lookup programs, RDRAT and PARM3, in hydraulic flow models

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sanders, C.L.

1995-01-01

Subroutines RDRAT and PARM3 enable computer programs such as the BRANCH open-channel unsteady-flow model to route flows through or over combinations of critical-flow sections, culverts, bridges, road- overflow sections, fixed spillways, and(or) dams. The subroutines also obstruct upstream flow to simulate operation of flapper-type tide gates. A multiplier can be applied by date and time to simulate varying numbers of tide gates being open or alternative construction scenarios for multiple culverts. The subroutines use three-parameter (headwater, tailwater, and discharge) rating table lookup methods. These tables may be manually prepared using other programs that do step-backwater computations or compute flow through bridges and culverts or over dams. The subroutine, therefore, precludes the necessity of incorporating considerable hydraulic computational code into the client program, and provides complete flexibility for users of the model for routing flow through almost any affixed structure or combination of structures. The subroutines are written in Fortran 77 language, and have minimal exchange of information with the BRANCH model or other possible client programs. The report documents the interpolation methodology, data input requirements, and software.

Stormwater chemical contamination caused by cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) infrastructure rehabilitation activities.

PubMed

Tabor, Matthew L; Newman, Derrick; Whelton, Andrew J

2014-09-16

Cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) is becoming a popular U.S. stormwater culvert rehabilitation method. Several State transportation agencies have reported that CIPP activities can release styrene into stormwater, but no other contaminants have been monitored. CIPP's stormwater contamination potential and that of its condensate waste was characterized. Condensate completely dissolved Daphnia magna within 24 h. Condensate pH was 6.2 and its chemical oxygen demand (COD) level was 36,000 ppm. D. magna mortality (100%) occurred in 48 h, even when condensate was diluted by a factor of 10,000 and styrene was present at a magnitude less than its LC50. Condensate and stormwater contained numerous carcinogenic solvents used in resin synthesis, endocrine disrupting contaminants such as plasticizers, and initiator degradation products. For 35 days, COD levels at the culvert outlets and downstream ranged from 100 to 375 ppm and styrene was 0.01 to 7.4 ppm. Although contaminant levels generally reduced with time, styrene levels were greatest 50 ft downstream, not at the culvert outlet. Cured CIPP extraction tests confirmed that numerous contaminants other than styrene were released into the environment and their persistence and toxicity should be investigated. More effective contaminant containment and cleaner installation processes must be developed to protect the environment.

Geology and ground-water resources in the Zebulon area, Georgia

USGS Publications Warehouse

Chapman, M.J.; Milby, B.J.; Peck, M.F.

1993-01-01

The current (1991) surface-water source of drinking-water supply for the city of Zebulon, Pike County, Georgia, no longer provides an adequate water supply and periodically does not meet water-quality standards. The hydrogeology of crystalline rocks in the Zebulon area was evaluated to assess the potential of ground-water resources as a supplemental or alternative source of water to present surface-water supplies. As part of the ground-water resource evaluation, well location and construction data were compiled, a geologic map was constructed, and ground water was sampled and analyzed. Three mappable geologic units delineated during this study provide a basic understanding of hydrogeologic settings in the Zebulon area. Rock types include a variety of aluminosilicate schists, granitic rocks, amphibolites/honblende gneisses, and gondites. Several geologic features that may enhance ground-water availability were identified in the study area. These features include contacts between contrasting rock types, where a high degree of differential weathering has occurred, and well-developed structural features, such as foliation and jointing are present. High-yielding wells (greater than 25 gallons per minute) and low-yielding wells (less than one gallon per minute) were located in all three geologic units in a variety of topographic settings. Well yields range from less than one gallon per minute to 250 gallons per minute. The variable total depths and wide ranges of casing depths of the high-yielding wells are indicative of variations in depths to water-bearing zones and regolith thicknesses, respectively. The depth of water-bearing zones is highly variable, even on a local scale. Analyses of ground-water samples indicate that the distribution of iron concentration is as variable as well yield in the study area and does not seem to be related to a particular rock type. Iron concentrations in ground-water samples ranged from 0.02 to 5.3 milligrams per liter. Both iron concentration and well yield vary substantially over a relatively small area. Implementation and Verification of a One-Dimensional, Unsteady-Flow Model for Spring Brook near Warrenville, Illinois By Mary J. Turner, Anthony P. Pulokas, and Audrey L. Ishii Abstract A one-dimensional, unsteady-flow model, Full EQuations (FEQ) model, based on de Saint-Venant equations for dynamic flow in open channels, was calibrated and verified for a 0.75-mile reach of Spring Brook, a tributary to the West Branch Du Page River, near Warrenville in northeastern Illinois. The model was used to simulate streamflow in a small urban stream reach with two short culverts, one with overbank flow around the culvert during high flows. Streamflow data were collected on the reach during three high-flow periods. Data from one period were used to calibrate the model, and data from the other two periods were used to verify the model. Stages and discharges over the periods were simulated, and the results were compared graphically with stage and discharge data collected at 10 sites in the study reach. Errors in simulated stage and discharge were small except when debris, not represented in the model, clogged the culvert. The effects of changes in physical and computational model parameters also were studied. The model was insensit'lve to replacement of measured cross sections with interpolated cross sections, especially if the measured thalweg elevation was preserved. Variation of the roughness, slope, and length of the culvert over-bank section, as well as the chosen representative measured cross section, caused only slight changes in the simulated peak stage and discharge. Changes in the modeled culvert area caused large differences in the simulated highflows in the vicinity of the culvert, whereas simulated low flows were unaffected. At all flows, the misrepresentation of the culvert area caused the simulated water-surface elevations to deviate from the measured elevations, especially on the falling

Savannah River Site Operating Experience with Transuranic (TRU) Waste Retrieval

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stone, K.A.; Milner, T.N.

2006-07-01

Drums of TRU Waste have been stored at the Savannah River Site (SRS) on concrete pads from the 1970's through the 1980's. These drums were subsequently covered with tarpaulins and then mounded over with dirt. Between 1996 and 2000 SRS ran a successful retrieval campaign and removed some 8,800 drums, which were then available for venting and characterization for WIPP disposal. Additionally, a number of TRU Waste drums, which were higher in activity, were stored in concrete culverts, as required by the Safety Analysis for the Facility. Retrieval of drums from these culverts has been ongoing since 2002. This papermore » will describe the operating experience and lessons learned from the SRS retrieval activities. (authors)« less

Supplement Analysis for the Watershed Management Program EIS, (DOE/EIS-0265/SA-69) - Improvement of Anadromous Fish Habitat and Passage in Omak Creek

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Spiering, Colleen

2001-11-15

BPA proposes to fund a project with the Colville Confederated Tribes that will improve spawning and rearing specifically for summer steelhead in the Omak Creek Watershed. Efforts to achieve this objective include improved livestock and forestry management and barrier removal. These techniques include exclusionary fencing, spring developments, hardened-rock crossings, road decommissioning, culvert removal and placement, riparian vegetation planting and installation of instream structures. The result of implementing these techniques will reduce fine sediment delivered to the stream channel which will result in increased hatching success of summer steelhead. Also, reestablishing riparian vegetation will provide canopy and enclose the stream channelmore » resulting in reduced stream temperatures. Two “on-the-ground” projects are proposed for this year. One project consists of installing three instream structures and planting riparian vegetation to provide bank stability along approximately 200’ of privately owned stream bank of Omak Creek. Also a fence will be constructed to exclude the landowner’s horses. The second project consists of removal of an inadequate sized culvert (5’ diameter) and replacement with a larger bottomless arch (6’ x 12’). This project will also include seven instream structures to stabilize the stream bank both upstream and downstream of the culvert and direct flows through the center of the bottomless arch.« less

Protect and Restore Mill Creek Watershed; Annual Report 2002-2003.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McRoberts, Heidi

2004-01-01

The Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Watershed Division approaches watershed restoration with a ridge-top to ridge-top approach. Watershed restoration projects within the Mill Creek watershed are coordinated with the Nez Perce National Forest. The Nez Perce Tribe began watershed restoration projects within the Mill Creek watershed of the South Fork Clearwater River in 2000. Progress has been made in restoring the watershed through excluding cattle from critical riparian areas through fencing. During the FY 2002, trees were planted in riparian areas in the meadow of the upper watershed. In addition, a complete inventory of culverts at road-streammore » crossings was completed. Culverts have been prioritized for replacement to accommodate fish passage throughout the watershed. Maintenance to the previously built fence was also completed.« less

Protect and Restore Lolo Creek Watershed : Annual Report CY 2005.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McRoberts, Heidi

2006-03-01

The Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Watershed Division approaches watershed restoration with a ridge-top to ridge-top approach. Watershed restoration projects within the Lolo Creek watershed are coordinated with the Clearwater National Forest and Potlatch Corporation. The Nez Perce Tribe began watershed restoration projects within the Lolo Creek watershed of the Clearwater River in 1996. Fencing to exclude cattle for stream banks, stream bank stabilization, decommissioning roads, and upgrading culverts are the primary focuses of this effort. The successful completion of the replacement and removal of several passage blocking culverts represent a major improvement to the watershed. Thesemore » projects, coupled with other recently completed projects and those anticipated in the future, are a significant step in improving habitat conditions in Lolo Creek.« less

18 CFR 1304.1 - Scope and intent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., bridges, aerial cables, culverts, pipelines, fish attractors, shoreline stabilization projects, channel... subjacent to TVA reservoirs and exercises its land rights to carry out the purposes and policies of the Act...

Ecologically aware design of waterway-encapsulating structures.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-08-01

Aquatic organism passage (AOP) in waterways-encapsulating structures, particularly culverts, is of growing concern to environmental : regulatory agencies, and the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) is seeking systematic responses to this co...

Performance of buried pipe installation.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-05-01

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of geometric and mechanical parameters : characterizing the soil structure interaction developed in a buried pipe installation located under : roads/highways. The drainage pipes or culverts instal...

Watertight pipe joint survey : final report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-04-01

Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) has been specifying watertight pipes for storm sewer and some culvert pipe installations. The ODOT designer is responsible for specifying the watertight requirement, but there is no currently accepted standa...

1. Photocopied December, 1977, from loose original engineering drawing, Jervis ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Photocopied December, 1977, from loose original engineering drawing, Jervis Library. SECTIONS OF INDIAN BROOK CLUVERT - Old Croton Aqueduct, Indian Creek Culvert, Reservoir & Quaker Bridge Roads, Crotonville, Ossining, Westchester County, NY

Restore McComas Meadows; Meadow Creek Watershed, 2003-2004 Annual Report.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McRoberts, Heidi

2006-08-01

The Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Watershed Division approaches watershed restoration with a ridge-top to ridge-top approach. Watershed restoration projects within the Meadow Creek watershed are coordinated and cost shared with the Nez Perce National Forest. The Nez Perce Tribe began watershed restoration projects within the Meadow Creek watershed of the South Fork Clearwater River in 1996. Progress has been made in restoring the watershed by excluding cattle from critical riparian areas through fencing, planting trees in riparian areas within the meadow and its tributaries, prioritizing culverts for replacement to accommodate fish passage, and decommissioning roads tomore » reduce sediment input. Designs for culvert replacements are being coordinated with the Nez Perce National Forest. 20 miles of roads were decommissioned. Tribal crews completed maintenance to the previously built fence.« less

Performance evaluation of buried pipe installation.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-05-01

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of geometric and mechanical parameters characterizing the soil structure interaction developed in a buried pipe installation located under roads/highways. The drainage pipes or culverts installed ...

Research notes : beaver bafflers.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-05-01

Historically, highway maintenance forces have had to remove beaver dams from roadside culverts each year. The dams can create significant pools, saturating and weakening the roadway structure. If not removed, the water behind the dam can cover the hi...

78 FR 5715 - Construction and Maintenance-Culvert Pipe Selection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-28

... Register's home page at: http://www.archives.gov/federal-register and the Government Printing Office's Web... the market had changed to the extent that Appendix A no longer adequately encompassed the universe of...

Geo-infrastructure damage assessment, repair and mitigation strategies.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-09-01

The 2011 Missouri River flooding caused significant damage to many geo-infrastructure systems including levees, bridge : abutments/foundations, paved and unpaved roadways, culverts, and embankment slopes in western Iowa. The flooding resulted in : cl...

Corrosion of Spiral Rib Aluminized Pipe

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-08-01

Large diameter, corrugated steel pipes are a common sight in the culverts that run alongside many Florida roads. Spiral-ribbed aluminized pipe (SRAP) has been widely specified by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) for runoff drainage. Th...

ELEVATION FROM EAST, SHOWING INTEGRAL RETAINING WALL EXTENDING TO NORTH. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

ELEVATION FROM EAST, SHOWING INTEGRAL RETAINING WALL EXTENDING TO NORTH. - Brick Arch Culvert over Master Street, Spanning dirt slope of Master Street at Thirty-third Street (U.S. Route 13), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

33. HISTORIC PLAQUE MARKING WHERE JOHNSTON DIED, ADJACENT TO PATHWAY ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

33. HISTORIC PLAQUE MARKING WHERE JOHNSTON DIED, ADJACENT TO PATHWAY WITH CONCRETE CULVERT LEADING NORTH OUT OF RAVINE TOWARD JOHNSTON MEMORIAL SITE. VIEW NW. - Shiloh National Military Park Tour Roads, Shiloh, Hardin County, TN

Corrosion of Spiral Rib Aluminized Pipe : [Summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-01-01

Large diameter, corrugated steel pipes are a common sight in the culverts that run alongside many Florida roads. Spiral-ribbed aluminized pipe (SRAP) has been widely specified by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) for runoff drainage. Th...

30 CFR 715.14 - Backfilling and grading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... required to— (i) Retain all overburden and spoil on the solid portion of existing or new benches; and (ii... case may highwalls be left as part of terraces. (iv) Culverts and underground rock drains shall be used...

The impact of a shallow biobarrier on water recharge patterns in a semi-arid environment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Laundre, J.W.

1997-12-31

This study attempted to measure the effect of a shallow biobarrier of gravel and cobble on water flow patterns during spring snow melt and recharge. The design consisted of 30 metal culverts 3 m in diameter and 1.6 m long, positioned on end. Test culverts contained 50-cm biobarrier of gravel or cobble and then an additional 50 cm of soil placed above the barrier layer. A neutron probe was used to measure soil moisture above and below the barrier. Measurements were made in the fall and again immediately after snow melt in the spring. During recharge, the biobarriers provided amore » capillary break which resulted in a pooling of water above the barrier layer. With sufficient snowmelt, the water can penetrate the break and possibly penetrate deeper than in the absence of the barrier layer.« less

Unit 3, STA. 158+ 40 RB, Hinckson Run culvertdetail ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Unit 3, STA. 158+ 40 RB, Hinckson Run culvert-detail - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

10. VIEW OF THE SOUTH ELEVATION AND THE FLOOD GATE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. VIEW OF THE SOUTH ELEVATION AND THE FLOOD GATE ON THE PRESSURE CULVERT, LOOKING NORTH. - Wyoming Valley Flood Control System, Woodward Pumping Station, East of Toby Creek crossing by Erie-Lackawanna Railroad, Edwardsville, Luzerne County, PA

MGS dynamic deflections and working widths at lower speeds.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-09-01

The Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) has been full-scale crash tested in many configurations, including : installations adjacent to slopes, with different types of wood posts, with and without blockouts, for culvert and bridge : applications, and at hi...

Design for fish passage at roadway-stream crossings : synthesis report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-06-01

Cataloging and synthesizing existing methods for the design of roadway-stream crossings for fish passage began in : January 2005 with an extensive literature review covering the topics of culvert design and assessment to facilitate : fish passage. A ...

Culvert rehabilitation & invert lining using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-06-01

As part of the state of Maine bridge funding initiative, MaineDOT has partnered with the University of : Maines AEWC Advanced Structures and Composite Center and the Maine composites industry to : incorporate composite technologies into bridge con...

Determining wildlife use of wildlife crossing structures under different scenarios.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-05-01

This research evaluated Utahs wildlife crossing structures to help UDOT and the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources assess crossing efficacy. In this study, remote motion-sensed cameras were used at 14 designated wildlife crossing culverts and bri...

Corrosion Map for Metal Pipes in Coastal Louisiana

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-12-01

Transportation agencies often allow metal pipes as an option for cross drains under/along roads and highways. Metal culverts can corrode over time at various rates based on their environmental conditions (e.g., corrosive nature of coastal soils, high...

Culvert roughness elements for native Utah fish passage : phase I.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-01

Laboratory flume testing of native Utah non-salmonid fish was performed to observe how : they use altered flow around obstacles to swim upstream. Three experimental setups included : a bare Plexiglas flume, vertical cylinders, and natural substrate p...

Final report on the maintenance asset management project : phase II.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-07-01

Iowa Department of Transportation (IA DOT) is finalizing research to streamline field inventory/inspection of culverts by Maintenance and Construction staff while maximizing the use of tablet technologies. The project began in 2011 to develop some ne...

Geo-infrastructure post-flood damage assessment, repair and mitigation strategies : tech transfer summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-09-01

The 2011 Missouri river flooding caused damage to many geoinfrastructure : systems including levees, bridge abutments/foundations, : paved and unpaved roadways, culverts, and embankment slopes in : western Iowa. The total reported direct cost to repa...

Durability Analysis of Aluminized Type 2 Corrugated Metal Pipe

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-01-01

The Literature Review and Field Studies portion of this investigation were completed by August 1995. Both revealed myriad factors affecting culvert durability. The literature review considered more than 140 research papers on or relating to the topic...

Durability Analysis of Aluminized Type 2 Corrugated Metal Pipe

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-01-01

The literature review and field studies portion of this investigation were completed by August 1995. Both revealed myriad factors affecting culvert durability. The literature review considered more than 140 research papers on or relating to the topic...

Analysis of projected replacement and costs for potential aquatic barriers maintained by MaineDOT.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-02-01

Recent discussions around State and federal stream crossing regulations have focused on resolving existing barriers : to fish movement created by pipe culverts associated with transportation infrastructure. Approximately 30% of : Maine has been surve...

Metal pipe coupling study : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-11-01

The specific aims of the study were: (1) to establish a standard design for the watertight coupling systems for the various kinds of metal culvert pipe and to evaluate the test method for determining watertight systems, (2) to evaluate seam connectio...

Effect of the implementation of the fluvial performance standard on maintenance of bridges and culverts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

The objective of this project was to determine what factors influence maintenance cost of Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) stream-crossing structures. Data acquired for the project included structure characteristics, stream characteristics,...

Juvenile and resident salmonid movement and passage through culverts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-07-01

An outcome of the Washington State Department of Transportation's Juvenile Fish Passage Workshop on September 24, 1997, was agreement that a literature review was necessary to determine the state of knowledge about juvenile salmonid movement and pass...

BATS IN AMERICAN BRIDGES: RESOURCE PUBLICATION NO. 4

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

Bridges and culverts were evaluated as bat roosting habitat in 25 states at elevations from sea level to 10,000 feet. Field surveys were conducted at 2,421 highway structures. Scientific literature was reviewed, and local biologists and engineers wer...

Monitoring culvert load with shallow filling under Geofoam areas.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-08-01

Geofoam and the "Imperfect Ditch" method can be used effectively on embankment projects to reduce pressures on underground structures when sufficient fill height is available to create an arching effect. When the fill height is too shallow the archin...

23 CFR 668.109 - Eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... damages consisting primarily of eroded shoulders, filled ditches and culverts, pavement settlement, mud..., not related to the increased traffic volumes, such as mowing, maintaining drainage, pavement signing... limited in ER reimbursement to the cost of a new facility to current design standards of comparable...

23 CFR 668.109 - Eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... damages consisting primarily of eroded shoulders, filled ditches and culverts, pavement settlement, mud..., not related to the increased traffic volumes, such as mowing, maintaining drainage, pavement signing... limited in ER reimbursement to the cost of a new facility to current design standards of comparable...

23 CFR 668.109 - Eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... damages consisting primarily of eroded shoulders, filled ditches and culverts, pavement settlement, mud..., not related to the increased traffic volumes, such as mowing, maintaining drainage, pavement signing... limited in ER reimbursement to the cost of a new facility to current design standards of comparable...

23 CFR 668.109 - Eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... damages consisting primarily of eroded shoulders, filled ditches and culverts, pavement settlement, mud..., not related to the increased traffic volumes, such as mowing, maintaining drainage, pavement signing... limited in ER reimbursement to the cost of a new facility to current design standards of comparable...

23 CFR 668.109 - Eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... damages consisting primarily of eroded shoulders, filled ditches and culverts, pavement settlement, mud..., not related to the increased traffic volumes, such as mowing, maintaining drainage, pavement signing... limited in ER reimbursement to the cost of a new facility to current design standards of comparable...

Forensic investigation of pavement distress : Old Airport Road in Bristol, Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-01-01

A few years after Old Airport Road in Bristol, Virginia, was reconstructed, inordinate distortions of remarkable uniformity began to appear in the paved asphalt surface directly above concrete pipe culverts, which were buried beneath and across the r...

Methods for estimating magnitude and frequency of peak flows for small watersheds in Utah.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-06-01

Determining discharge in a stream is important to the design of culverts, bridges, and other structures pertaining to : transportation systems. Currently in Utah regression equations exist to estimate recurrence flood year discharges for : rural wate...

ASSESSING LONGITUDINAL THERMAL CONNECTIVITY FOR PACIFIC SALMONIDS

EPA Science Inventory

Water temperature is a key driver of ecological processes in aquatic environments and can influence biological connectivity among riverine habitats. Riverine fish and other mobile aquatic species often must navigate a variety of physical barriers such as dams and culverts. For Pa...

Site investigation of bridges on and over the parkways in Western Kentucky.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-06-01

Determination of the seismic risk of the bridges on and over the parkways in Western Kentucky requires evaluating the current condition of the individual elements of the bridges. Except for culverts, all bridges were visually inspected, photographed ...

Investigation of the Carrs Creek geofoam project.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-08-01

The I88 culvert crossing of Carrs Creek in Sidney, NY collapsed during the record setting Mid : Atlantic States Flood of June 2006. Rapid construction with geofoam as lightweight fill enabled : partial reopening of I88 by Labor Day 2006. Shortly a...

39. Y&D Drawing 216456 (1943), 'General Arrangement Section JJ', longitudinal ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

39. Y&D Drawing 216456 (1943), 'General Arrangement Section J-J', longitudinal view through pump room and discharge culvert. - Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, Drydock No. 4, East terminus of Palou Avenue, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA

36. From Final Construction Report on the Haleakala Road ProjectNR7, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

36. From Final Construction Report on the Haleakala Road Project--NR-7, Hawaii National Park, Island of Maui, Territory of Hawaii. TYPICAL RUBBLE MASONRY HEADWALL AND BOX CULVERT. - Haleakala National Park Roads, Pukalani, Maui County, HI

Understanding the environmental implications of cured-in-place pipe rehabilitation technology.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-01-01

Cured-in-place (CIPP) rehabilitation is a commonly used technology for pipe repair, and transportation agencies are using CIPP technology to repair damaged pipe culverts. In typical CIPP applications, a lining tube saturated with a thermosetting resi...

Low water stream crossings in Iowa : a selection and design guide.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-02-01

Most Iowa counties maintain low volume roads with at least one bridge or culvert that is structurally : deficient or obsolete. In some counties the percentage of deficient drainage structures may be as : high as 62%. Replacement with structures of si...

14. Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail, Place of a thousand ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail, Place of a thousand drips, view with three culvert pipes. - Great Smoky Mountains National Park Roads & Bridges, Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail, Between Cherokee Orchard Road & U.S. Route 321, Gatlinburg, Sevier County, TN

Seismic retrofitting manual for highway structures. Part 2, Retaining structures, slopes, tunnels, culverts, and roadways

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-08-01

This report is the second of a two-part publication entitled "Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Structures". Part 2 includes new procedures for determining the seismic vulnerability of other important highway system structures, namely, retainin...

Developing a National Stream Morphology Data Exchange: Needs, Challenges, and Opportunities.

EPA Science Inventory

Stream morphology data, primarily consisting of channel and foodplain geometry and bed material size measurements, historically have had a wide range of applications and uses including culvert/ bridge design, rainfall- runoff modeling, food inundation mapping (e.g., U.S. Federal ...

System of GIS-Based Hydrologic and Hydraulic Applications for Highway Engineering: Summary Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-10-01

A significant part of the cost of most highway projects is attributable to drainage facilities, such as bridges, highway culverts, storm drains, and water quality and quantity control structures. Design of these facilities involves a hydrologic analy...

4. EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING EAST. WATER IN THE AQUEDUCT CAN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING EAST. WATER IN THE AQUEDUCT CAN CAN BE DIVERTED AT THE WASTE WEIR TO BE DISCHARGED INTO THE CULVERT IN FOREGROUND. - Old Croton Aqueduct, Northern Waste Weir, Snowden Avenue & Van Wick Street, Ossining, Westchester County, NY

Total Mercury and Methylmercury Response in Water, Sediment, and Biota to Destratification of the Great Salt Lake, Utah, United States.

PubMed

Valdes, Carla; Black, Frank J; Stringham, Blair; Collins, Jeffrey N; Goodman, James R; Saxton, Heidi J; Mansfield, Christopher R; Schmidt, Joshua N; Yang, Shu; Johnson, William P

2017-05-02

Measurements of chemical and physical parameters made before and after sealing of culverts in the railroad causeway spanning the Great Salt Lake in late 2013 documented dramatic alterations in the system in response to the elimination of flow between the Great Salt Lake's north and south arms. The flow of denser, more-saline water through the culverts from the north arm (Gunnison Bay) to the south arm (Gilbert Bay) previously drove the perennial stratification of the south arm and the existence of oxic shallow brine and anoxic deep brine layers. Closure of the causeway culverts occurred concurrently with a multiyear drought that resulted in a decrease in the lake elevation and a concomitant increase in top-down erosion of the upper surface of the deep brine layer by wind-forced mixing. The combination of these events resulted in the replacement of the formerly stratified water column in the south arm with one that was vertically homogeneous and oxic. Total mercury concentrations in the deep waters of the south arm decreased by approximately 81% and methylmercury concentrations in deep waters decreased by roughly 86% due to destratification. Methylmercury concentrations decreased by 77% in underlying surficial sediment, whereas there was no change observed in total mercury. The dramatic mercury loss from deep waters and methylmercury loss from underlying sediment in response to causeway sealing provides new understanding of the potential role of the deep brine layer in the accumulation and persistence of methylmercury in the Great Salt Lake. Additional mercury measurements in biota appear to contradict the previously implied connection between elevated methylmercury concentrations in the deep brine layer and elevated mercury in avian species reported prior to causeway sealing.

Research Notes : ODOT and USGS join forces to ask, how low can you flow?

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-06-01

Likewise in Oregon, hundreds of river reaches are home to endangered or threatened aquatic species. Water handling structures, such as culverts, need to be designed to accommodate aquatic life over most of the range of flows they experience. : Tempor...

Behavior of rigid and flexible culvert pipes under deep fill.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-01-01

Along a section of Interstate 77 in Carroll County, in the mountainous region of southwestern Virginia, it was necessary to construct a fill approximately 258 ft (78 m) deep. The flow of a mountain stream had to be carried through this massive embank...

7. VIEW SHOWING DOWNSTREAM FACE AND TOE OF DAM, WITH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. VIEW SHOWING DOWNSTREAM FACE AND TOE OF DAM, WITH OUTLET CULVERT AND WING RETAINING WALLS, LOOKING NORTH - High Mountain Dams in Upalco Unit, Twin Pots Dam, Ashley National Forest, 10.1 miles North of Mountain Home, Mountain Home, Duchesne County, UT

Reduction of stresses on buried rigid highway structures using the imperfect ditch method and expanded polystyrene (Geofoam).

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-04-01

The study of earth pressure distribution on buried structures has a great practical importance in constructing highway embankments above pipes and culverts. Based on Spanglers research, the supporting strength of a conduit depends primarily on thr...

Potential problems on I-77 concrete culvert.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-01-01

Along a section of Interstate 77 in Carroll County, it was necessary to construct a fill approximately 256 ft deep. The flow of a mountain stream had to be carried through this massive embankment and, because of the nature of the terrain, it was deci...

Evaluation of New or Emerging Remote Inspection Technologies for Conduits Ranging From 12" to 120" Spans

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-12-01

Traditionally, highway agencies relied mainly on man-entry approach for assessing in-service conditions of their culverts. And, this direct approach left many drainage structures unapproachable and uninspected. This is because a large number of drain...

Fish passage at road crossings: an annotated bibliography.

Treesearch

Lynette Anderson; Mason Bryant

1980-01-01

A report of special interest to fishery biologists, resource managers, hydrologists, and road engineers, this bibliography lists publications pertinent to road crossings of salmon and trout streams. Topics include bridge and culvert installation, design criteria, mechanics, hydraulics, and economics, as well as their biological effects.

Final report on the maintenance asset management project : phase I.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-07-01

This project resulted in the development of a proof of concept for a features inventory process to be used by field staff. The resulting concept is adaptable for different asset classes (e.g. culverts, guardrail) and able to leverage existing DOT res...

Floods of June 4 and 12, 1976, at Culbertson, Montana

USGS Publications Warehouse

Johnson, M.V.

1978-01-01

Runoff from rainfall caused flooding in the town of Culbertson, Montana, on June 4 and 12, 1976. Flood damage was mostly to business and residential structures within Culberston. Two small drainage contributed the peak flows, which at one site exceeded 1,200 cubic feet per second per square mile of contributing area. Flow from the Missouri River tributary No 5 at Culbertson consisted of flow through a pipe-arch at the State Highway 16 crossing and flow that overtopped the right bank of the main channel. Maximum combined pipe-arch and bypass flow for the June 12 flood was 1,30030 cubic feet per second. Flow from Diamond Creek consisted of flow through a culvert at the U.S. Highway 2 crossing west of Culbertson and flow that overtopped a road. Maximum combined culvert and bypass flow for the June 4 flood was 1,320 cubic feet per second. Failure of small dam increased the flow volume of the flood.

Study of the use of truck tire beads as drainage pipe and analysis of the economics of tire disposal in Oklahoma. Part 1. Culverts. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Everett, J.W.; Gattis, J.L.

1994-07-01

In an attempt to find alternate ways of dealing with waste truck tires, a private tire recycling company developed a pipe from the tire bead and sidewall. The tire-pipe has seen limited use as a roadway drainage culvert. To encourage wider use of this product, an evaluation of pipe performance was performed. The evaluation consisted of (1) inspections of existing installations; (2) structural tests; and (3) leakage tests. The study found that the majority of installations were performing well. Compared with corrugated steel and fiberglass pipes, the tire-pipe exhibited favorable structural performance. An individual tire-pipe section was found to bemore » watertight. However, when tested in the open-air (not in the ground), the tire-pipe joints were found to leak. Development of an improved end connection would improve the utility of the tire-pipe.« less

Restore McComas Meadows; Meadow Creek Watershed, 2005-2006 Annual Report.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McRoberts, Heidi

2006-07-01

The Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Watershed Division approaches watershed restoration with a ridge-top to ridge-top approach. Watershed restoration projects within the Meadow Creek watershed are coordinated and cost shared with the Nez Perce National Forest. The Nez Perce Tribe began watershed restoration projects within the Meadow Creek watershed of the South Fork Clearwater River in 1996. Progress has been made in restoring the watershed by excluding cattle from critical riparian areas through fencing, planting trees in riparian areas within the meadow and its tributaries, prioritizing culverts for replacement to accommodate fish passage, and decommissioning roads tomore » reduce sediment input. During this contract period work was completed on two culvert replacement projects; Doe Creek and a tributary to Meadow Creek. Additionally construction was also completed for the ditch restoration project within McComas Meadows. Monitoring for project effectiveness and trends in watershed conditions was also completed. Road decommissioning monitoring, as well as stream temperature, sediment, and discharge were completed.« less

The Model Experiments and Finite Element Analysis on Deformation and Failure by Excavation of Grounds in Foregoing-roof Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sotokoba, Yasumasa; Okajima, Kenji; Iida, Toshiaki; Tanaka, Tadatsugu

We propose the trenchless box culvert construction method to construct box culverts in small covering soil layers while keeping roads or tracks open. When we use this construction method, it is necessary to clarify deformation and shear failure by excavation of grounds. In order to investigate the soil behavior, model experiments and elasto-plactic finite element analysis were performed. In the model experiments, it was shown that the shear failure was developed from the end of the roof to the toe of the boundary surface. In the finite element analysis, a shear band effect was introduced. Comparing the observed shear bands in model experiments with computed maximum shear strain contours, it was found that the observed direction of the shear band could be simulated reasonably by the finite element analysis. We may say that the finite element method used in this study is useful tool for this construction method.

Gopherus agassizii (desert tortoise). Burrow collapse

USGS Publications Warehouse

Loughran, Caleb L.; Ennen, Joshua; Lovich, Jeffrey E.

2011-01-01

In the deserts of the southwestern U.S., burrows are utilized by the Desert Tortoise to escape environmental extremes (reviewed by Ernst and Lovich 2009. Turtles of the United States and Canada. 2nd ed. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 827 pp.). However, the potential for mortality through burrow collapse and entrapment is poorly documented. Nicholson and Humphreys (1981. Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council, pp. 163−194) suggested that collapse due to livestock trampling may cause mortality. In addition, Lovich et al. (2011. Chelon. Cons. Biol. 10[1]:124–129) documented a Desert Tortoise that used a steel culvert as a burrow surrogate. The culvert filled completely with sediment following a significant rain event, entombing the animal and ultimately resulting in its death. We note that this mortality was associated with an anthropogenic structure; because tortoises are prodigious diggers, one might hypothesize that they have the ability to dig out of collapsed natural burrows in most situations. Circumstances described here presented us with an opportunity to test this hypothesis.

Informing watershed connectivity barrier prioritization decisions: A synthesis

USGS Publications Warehouse

McKay, S. K.; Cooper, A. R.; Diebel, M.W.; Elkins, D.; Oldford, G.; Roghair, C.; Wieferich, Daniel J.

2017-01-01

Water resources and transportation infrastructure such as dams and culverts provide countless socio-economic benefits; however, this infrastructure can also disconnect the movement of organisms, sediment, and water through river ecosystems. Trade-offs associated with these competing costs and benefits occur globally, with applications in barrier addition (e.g. dam and road construction), reengineering (e.g. culvert repair), and removal (e.g. dam removal and aging infrastructure). Barrier prioritization provides a unique opportunity to: (i) restore and reconnect potentially large habitat patches quickly and effectively and (ii) avoid impacts prior to occurrence in line with the mitigation hierarchy (i.e. avoid then minimize then mitigate). This paper synthesizes 46 watershed-scale barrier planning studies and presents a procedure to guide barrier prioritization associated with connectivity for aquatic organisms. We focus on practical issues informing prioritization studies such as available data sets, methods, techniques, and tools. We conclude with a discussion of emerging trends and issues in barrier prioritization and key opportunities for enhancing the body of knowledge.

Design and Analysis Tools for Supersonic Inlets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Slater, John W.; Folk, Thomas C.

2009-01-01

Computational tools are being developed for the design and analysis of supersonic inlets. The objective is to update existing tools and provide design and low-order aerodynamic analysis capability for advanced inlet concepts. The Inlet Tools effort includes aspects of creating an electronic database of inlet design information, a document describing inlet design and analysis methods, a geometry model for describing the shape of inlets, and computer tools that implement the geometry model and methods. The geometry model has a set of basic inlet shapes that include pitot, two-dimensional, axisymmetric, and stream-traced inlet shapes. The inlet model divides the inlet flow field into parts that facilitate the design and analysis methods. The inlet geometry model constructs the inlet surfaces through the generation and transformation of planar entities based on key inlet design factors. Future efforts will focus on developing the inlet geometry model, the inlet design and analysis methods, a Fortran 95 code to implement the model and methods. Other computational platforms, such as Java, will also be explored.

Support for the Elimination of Roadside Hazards : Evaluating Roadside Collision Data and Clear Zone Requirements

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-09-01

Over a three year period (2004-2006), there were more than 60,000 crashes involving fixed objects (trees, utility poles, : culverts, bridge piers, etc.) located within South Carolina roadsides. These fixed object crashes accounted for 20% of all cras...

Using remote data collection to identify bridges and culverts susceptible to blockage during flooding events : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-12-14

The objectives of this project were to pilot test the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to gather stereo imagery of streambeds upstream of crossing structures, and develop a process of rapidly transmitting actionable information about potential...

Accelerated corrosion test for metal drainage pipes : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1987-06-01

This study represents an attempt to develop an accelerated test which would assist the highway engineer in evaluating the usefulness of a new type of coated steel culvert. The test method was to be short in duration (in the order of days), and the re...

33 CFR 203.21 - Disaster preparedness responsibilities of non-Federal interests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... burrowing animals, and longer term activities such as repair or replacement of structural components (e.g., culverts) of the project. (b) Procurement/stockpiling. Procurement and stockpiling of sandbags, pumps, and... control projects during crisis situations is a non-Federal responsibility. Specific plans should be...

Flow monitoring along the western Tamiami Trail between County Road 92 and State Road 29 in support of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, 2007-2010

USGS Publications Warehouse

Booth, Amanda C.; Soderqvist, Lars E.; Berry, Marcia C.

2014-01-01

The construction of U.S. Highway 41 (Tamiami Trail), the Southern Golden Gate Estates development, and the Barron River Canal has altered the flow of freshwater to the Ten Thousand Islands estuary of Southwest Florida. Two restoration projects, the Picayune Strand Restoration Project and the Tamiami Trail Culverts Project, both associated with the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, were initiated to address this issue. Quantifying the flow of freshwater to the estuary is essential to assessing the effectiveness of these projects. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study between March 2006 and September 2010 to quantify the freshwater flowing under theTamiami Trail between County Road 92 and State Road 29 in southwest Florida, excluding the Faka Union Canal (which is monitored by South Florida Water Management District). The study period was after the completion of the Tamiami Trail Culverts Project and prior to most of the construction related to the Picayune Restoration Project. The section of the Tamiami Trail that was studied contains too many structures (35 bridges and 16 culverts) to cost-effectively measure each structure on a continuous basis, so the area was divided into seven subbasins. One bridge within each of the subbasins was instrumented with an acoustic Doppler velocity meter. The index velocity method was used to compute discharge at the seven instrumented bridges. Periodic discharge measurements were made at all structures, using acoustic Doppler current profilers at bridges and acoustic Doppler velocity meters at culverts. Continuous daily mean values of discharge for the uninstrumented structures were calculated on the basis of relations between the measured discharge at the uninstrumented stations and the discharge and stage at the instrumented bridge. Estimates of daily mean discharge are available beginning in 2006 or 2007 through September 2010 for all structures. Subbasin comparison is limited to water years 2008–2010. The Faka Union Canal contributed more than half (on average 60 percent) of the flow under the Tamiami Trail between State Road 29 and County Road 92 during water years 2008–2010. During water years 2008–2010, an average 9 percent of the flow through the study area came from west of the Faka Union Canal and an average 31 percent came from east of the Faka Union Canal. Flow data provided by this study serve as baseline information about the seasonal and spatial distribution of freshwater flow under the Tamiami Trail between County Road 92 and State Road 29, and study results provide data to evaluate restoration efforts.

Top-mounted inlet system feasibility for transonic-supersonic fighter aircraft. [V/STOL aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, T. L.; Hunt, B. L.; Smeltzer, D. B.; Nelms, W. P.

1981-01-01

The more salient findings are presented of recent top inlet performance evaluations aimed at assessing the feasibility of top-mounted inlet systems for transonic-supersonic fighter aircraft applications. Top inlet flow field and engine-inlet performance test data show the influence of key aircraft configuration variables-inlet longitudinal position, wing leading-edge extension planform area, canopy-dorsal integration, and variable incidence canards-on top inlet performance over the Mach range of 0.6 to 2.0. Top inlet performance data are compared with those or more conventional inlet/airframe integrations in an effort to assess the viability of top-mounted inlet systems relative to conventional inlet installations.

78 FR 24718 - Nez Perce-Clearwater National Forests; Idaho; Lolo Insect & Disease Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-26

... portions of the project area. Road decommissioning, culvert replacements, road improvements, and soils... to be cost-effective and provide maximum protection of soil and water quality. Big game, primarily... watershed restoration in the Lolo Creek drainage is associated with roads and soil improvement. Existing...

Long-term bed degradation in Maryland streams (phase 3, part I) : urban streams in the Piedmont Plateau province, [research summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-09-01

Estimation of potential long-term down-cutting of the stream bed is necessary for evaluation and design of bridges for scour and culverts for fish passage. Existing guidelines for assessing this potential long-term bed degradation (LTBD) in Maryland ...

Development of low-water crossing design guidelines for very low ADT routes in Illinois.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-11-01

The Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) and local agencies monitor and regulate the 146,764 mi of roadway that are : open to public travel in the State of Illinois. There are many old and aging bridges, culverts, and low-water crossings on r...

Aerial mulching techniques-trough fire

Treesearch

Robert Faust

2008-01-01

The Trough fire occurred in August 2001 on the Mendocino National Forest of northern California. A burned area emergency rehabilitation team evaluated the fire effects on the watershed. Concerns were soil from the denuded slopes moving into streams affecting fishery values, reservoir sedimentation and storm runoff plugging culverts leading to road wash outs. Past...

1. VIEW OF WEST PORTION OF LOWER DIAGONAL NO. 1 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. VIEW OF WEST PORTION OF LOWER DIAGONAL NO. 1 DRAIN LOOKING TOWARDS THE WEST GATE ROAD CULVERT, LOOKING 3052 EAST OF NORTH. - Truckee-Carson Irrigation District, Lower Diagonal No. 1 Drain, Bounded by West Gate Road & Weapons Delivery Road, Naval Air Station Fallon, Fallon, Churchill County, NV

Informing Watershed Connectivity Barrier Prioritization Decisions: A Synthesis

Treesearch

S. K. McKay; A. R. Cooper; M. W. Diebel; D. Elkins; G. Oldford; Craig Roghair; D. Wieferich

2016-01-01

Water resources and transportation infrastructure such as dams and culverts provide countless socio-economic benefits; however, this infrastructure can also disconnect the movement of organisms, sediment, and water through river ecosystems. Trade-offs associated with these competing costs and benefits occur globally, with applications in barrier addition (e.g...

Long-term bed degradation in Maryland streams (phase 2) : Blue Ridge and western Piedmont provinces [research summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-03-01

Problem: : Estimation of potential long-term down-cutting of the stream bed is necessary for evaluation and design of bridges for scour and culverts for fish passage. Existing guidelines for assessing this potential long-term bed degradation (LTBD) i...

Long-term bed degradation in Maryland streams (phase 2) : Blue Ridge and Western Piedmont provinces.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-03-01

Estimation of potential long-term down-cutting of the stream bed is necessary for evaluation and design of bridges for scour and culverts for fish passage. The purpose of this study has been to improve predictions of this potential long-term bed degr...

Mach 4 Test Results of a Dual-Flowpath, Turbine Based Combined Cycle Inlet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Albertson, Cindy w.; Emami, Saied; Trexler, Carl A.

2006-01-01

An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a turbine based combined cycle (TBCC) inlet concept, consisting of a low speed turbojet inlet and high speed dual-mode scramjet inlet. The main objectives of the study were (1) to identify any interactions between the low and the high speed inlets during the mode transition phase in which both inlets are operating simultaneously and (2) to determine the effect of the low speed inlet operation on the performance of the high speed inlet. Tests were conducted at a nominal freestream Mach number of 4 using an 8 percent scale model representing a single module of a TBCC inlet. A flat plate was installed upstream of the model to produce a turbulent boundary layer which simulated the full-scale vehicle forebody boundary layer. A flowmeter/back pressure device, with remote actuation, was attached aft of the high speed inlet isolator to simulate the back pressure resulting from dual-mode scramjet combustion. Results indicate that the inlets did not interact with each other sufficiently to affect inlet operability. Flow spillage resulting from a high speed inlet unstart did not propagate far enough upstream to affect the low speed inlet. Also, a low speed inlet unstart did not cause the high speed inlet to unstart. The low speed inlet improved the performance of the high speed inlet at certain conditions by diverting a portion of the boundary layer generated on the forebody plate.

Harmonic engine

DOEpatents

Bennett, Charles L.; Sewall, Noel; Boroa, Carl

2014-08-19

An engine based on a reciprocating piston engine that extracts work from pressurized working fluid. The engine includes a harmonic oscillator inlet valve capable of oscillating at a resonant frequency for controlling the flow of working fluid into of the engine. In particular, the inlet valve includes an inlet valve head and a spring arranged together as a harmonic oscillator so that the inlet valve head is moveable from an unbiased equilibrium position to a biased closed position occluding an inlet. Upon releasing the inlet valve the inlet valve head undergoes a single oscillation past the equilibrium positio to a maximum open position and returns to a biased return position close to the closed position to choke the flow and produce a pressure drop across the inlet valve causing the inlet valve to close. Protrusions carried either by the inlet valve head or piston head are used to bump open the inlet valve from the closed position and initiate the single oscillation of the inlet valve head, and protrusions carried either by the outlet valve head or piston head are used to close the outlet valve ahead of the bump opening of the inlet valve.

Experimental and Computational Evaluation of Flush-Mounted, S-Duct Inlets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berrier, Bobby L.; Allan, Brian G.

2004-01-01

A new high Reynolds number test capability for boundary layer ingesting inlets has been developed for the NASA Langley Research Center 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel. Using this new capability. an experimental investigation of four S-duct inlet configurations was conducted. A computational study of one of the inlets was also conducted using a Navier-Stokes solver. The objectives of this investigation were to: 1) develop a new high Reynolds number inlet test capability for flush-mounted inlets; 2) provide a database for CFD tool validation; 3) evaluate the performance of S-duct inlets with large amounts of boundary layer ingestion; and 4) provide a baseline inlet for future inlet flow-control studies. Tests were conducted at Mach numbers from 0.25 to 0.83. Reynolds numbers (based on duct exit diameter) from 5.1 million to a full-scale value of 13.9 million, and inlet mass-flow ratios from 0.39 to 1.58 depending on Mach number. Results of the experimental study indicate that inlet pressure recovery generally decreased and inlet distortion generally increased with increasing Mach number. Except at low Mach numbers, increasing inlet mass-flow increased pressure recovery and increased distortion. Increasing the amount of boundary layer ingestion or ingesting a boundary layer with a distorted profile decreased pressure recovery and increased distortion. Finally, increasing Reynolds number had almost no effect on inlet distortion but increased inlet recovery by about one-half percent at a Mach number near cruise. The computational results captured the inlet pressure recovery and distortion trends with Mach number and inlet mass-flow well: the reversal of the pressure recovery trend with increasing inlet mass-flow at low and high Mach numbers was predicted by CFD. However, CFD results were generally more pessimistic (larger losses) than measured experimentally.

Comparison of the Aeroacoustics of Two Small-Scale Supersonic Inlets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ng, Wing

1996-01-01

An aerodynamic and acoustic investigation was performed on two small-scale supersonic inlets to determine which inlet would be more suitable for a High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) aircraft during approach and takeoff flight conditions. The comparison was made between an axisymmetric supersonic P inlet and a bifurcated two-dimensional supersonic inlet. The 1/14 scale model supersonic inlets were used in conjunction with a 4.1 in (10.4 cm) turbofan engine simulator. A bellmouth was utilized on each inlet to eliminate lip separation commonly associated with airplane engine inlets that are tested under static conditions. Steady state measurements of the aerodynamic flowfield and acoustic farfield were made in order to evaluate the aeroacoustic performance of the inlets. The aerodynamic results show the total pressure recovery of the two inlets to be nearly identical, 99% at the approach condition and 98% at the takeoff condition. At the approach fan speed (60% design speed), there was no appreciable difference in the acoustic performance of either inlet over the entire 0 deg to 110 deg farfield measurement sector. The inlet flow field results at the takeoff fan speed (88% design speed), show the average inlet throat Mach number for the P inlet (Mach 0.52) to be approximately 2 times that of the 2D inlet (Mach 0.26). The difference in the throat Mach number is a result of the smaller throughflow area of the P inlet. This reduced area resulted in a 'soft choking' of the P inlet which lowered the tone and overall sound pressure levels of the simulator in the forward sector by an average of 9 dB and 3 dB, respectively, when compared to the 2D inlet.

Low-speed performance of an axisymmetric, mixed-compression, supersonic inlet with auxiliary inlets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trefny, C. J.; Wasserbauer, J. W.

1986-01-01

A test program was conducted to determine the aerodynamic performance and acoustic characteristics associated with the low-speed operation of a supersonic, axisymmetric, mixed-compression inlet with auxiliary inlets. Blow-in-auxiliary doors were installed on the NASA Ames P inlet. One door per quadrant was located on the cowl in the subsonic diffuser selection of the inlet. Auxiliary inlets with areas of 20 and 40 percent of the inlet capture area were tested statically and at free-stream Mach numbers of 0.1 and 0.2. The effects of boundary layer bleed inflow were investigated. A JT8D fan simulator driven by compressed air was used to pump inlet flow and to provide a characteristic noise signature. Baseline data were obtained at static free-stream conditions with the sharp P-inlet cowl lip replaced by a blunt lip. Auxiliary inlets increased overall total pressure recovery of the order of 10 percent.

Cloud-Droplet Ingestion in Engine Inlets with Inlet Velocity Ratios of 1.0 and 0.7

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brun, Rinaldo J

1957-01-01

The paths of cloud droplets into two engine inlets have been calculated for a wide range of meteorological and flight conditions. The amount of water in droplet form ingested by the inlets and the amount and distribution of water impinging on the inlet walls are obtained from these droplet-trajectory calculations. In both types of inlet, a prolate ellipsoid of revolution represents either part or all of the forebody at the center of an annular inlet to an engine. The configurations can also represent a fuselage of an airplane with side ram-scoop inlets. The studies were made at an angle of attack of 0 degree. The principal difference between the two inlets studied is that the inlet-air velocity of one is 0.7 that of the other. The studies of the two velocity ratios lead to some important general concepts of water ingestion in inlets.

Off-Design Performance of a Streamline-Traced, External-Compression Supersonic Inlet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Slater, John W.

2017-01-01

A computational study was performed to explore the aerodynamic performance of a streamline-traced, external-compression inlet designed for Mach 1.664 at off-design conditions of freestream Mach number, angle-of-attack, and angle-of-sideslip. Serious degradation of the inlet performance occurred for negative angles-of-attack and angles-of-sideslip greater than 3 degrees. At low subsonic speeds, the swept leading edges of the inlet created a pair of vortices that propagated to the engine face. Increasing the bluntness of the cowl lip showed no real improvement in the inlet performance at the low speeds, but did improve the inlet performance at the design conditions. Reducing the inlet flow rate improved the inlet performance, but at the likely expense of reduced thrust of the propulsion system. Deforming the cowl lip for low-speed operation of the inlet increased the inlet capture area and improved the inlet performance.

Long-term bed degradation in Maryland streams (phase 3, part I) : urban streams in the Piedmont Plateau province.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-05-01

Estimation of potential long-term down-cutting of the stream bed is necessary for evaluation and design of bridges for scour and culverts for fish passage. The purpose of this study has been to improve predictions of this potential long-term bed degr...

Military Curriculum Materials for Vocational and Technical Education. Drainage, 3-5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

This individualized, self-paced course for independent study in water drainage was adapted from military curriculum materials for use in vocational education. The course provides basic information for the design of simple drainage structures for roads and airfields. Some job skills included are designing and constructing ditches and culverts;…

Forest roads, chronic turbidity, and salmon

Treesearch

L. M. Reid

1998-01-01

Certain impacts of forest roads on habitats used by anadromous salmonids are widely recognized and well-understood: road-related landslides increase sediment loads and modify channel morphology, and culverts restrict access to parts of the channel network. Other influences are less obvious, but may be even more pervasive. For example, road-related erosion significantly...

Sediment production from forest roads in western Oregon

Treesearch

Charlie Luce; Thomas A. Black

1999-01-01

Prevention and estimation of soil erosion from forest roads requires an understanding of how road design and maintenance affect sediment production. Seventy-four plots were installed on forest roads in the Oregon Coast Range to examine the relationship between sediment production and road attributes such as distance between culverts, road slope, soil texture,...

Effects of road obliteration on stream water quality

Treesearch

Randy B. Foltz; Kristina A. Yanosek

2005-01-01

The Nez Perce National Forest and the Rocky Mountain Research Station are conducting a long-term study of road obliteration that includes measurements of sediment generated during obliteration activities. Three culvert locations in the Horse Creek drainage of Idaho were monitored during road obliteration activity. Sediment yields varied from 2 to 170 kg. Yields...

Reduction of stresses on buried rigid highway structures using the imperfect ditch method and expanded polysterene : geofoam.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

This study provides strong evidences from both numerical model analysis and in-situ test data to indicate that geofoam is an ideal elasto-plastic material to reduce vertical load on top of rigid culvert resting on a rigid foundation. The load on the ...

19. Dry Dock No. 4. Details of Drainage and Filling ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. Dry Dock No. 4. Details of Drainage and Filling Culverts (Frederic R. Harris, Inc., November 1, 1941). In Files of Cushman & Wakefield, Building No. 501, Philadelphia Naval Business Center. - Naval Base Philadelphia-Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Dry Dock No. 4, Broad Street south of Government Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

77 FR 68790 - Program Comment Issued for Streamlining Section 106 Review for Actions Affecting Post-1945...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-16

... the National Historic Preservation Act to consider the effects of undertakings on common bridges and... properties and consideration of effects of the undertaking on historic properties other than the common... of undertakings on common bridges and culverts constructed of concrete or steel after 1945. The ACHP...

NCHRP report 350 test 3-11 of the modified T8 bridge rail.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-04-01

A new flexible bridge rail system, referred to as the T8 rail, was designed as a replacement for the T6 rail in high-speed applications on culverts and thin deck structures. The T8 rail failed a crash test when the breakaway posts failed the thin dec...

Effects of selected design variables on three ramp, external compression inlet performance. [boundary layer control bypasses, and mass flow rate

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kamman, J. H.; Hall, C. L.

1975-01-01

Two inlet performance tests and one inlet/airframe drag test were conducted in 1969 at the NASA-Ames Research Center. The basic inlet system was two-dimensional, three ramp (overhead), external compression, with variable capture area. The data from these tests were analyzed to show the effects of selected design variables on the performance of this type of inlet system. The inlet design variables investigated include inlet bleed, bypass, operating mass flow ratio, inlet geometry, and variable capture area.

Effect of inlet modelling on surface drainage in coupled urban flood simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jang, Jiun-Huei; Chang, Tien-Hao; Chen, Wei-Bo

2018-07-01

For a highly developed urban area with complete drainage systems, flood simulation is necessary for describing the flow dynamics from rainfall, to surface runoff, and to sewer flow. In this study, a coupled flood model based on diffusion wave equations was proposed to simulate one-dimensional sewer flow and two-dimensional overland flow simultaneously. The overland flow model provides details on the rainfall-runoff process to estimate the excess runoff that enters the sewer system through street inlets for sewer flow routing. Three types of inlet modelling are considered in this study, including the manhole-based approach that ignores the street inlets by draining surface water directly into manholes, the inlet-manhole approach that drains surface water into manholes that are each connected to multiple inlets, and the inlet-node approach that drains surface water into sewer nodes that are connected to individual inlets. The simulation results were compared with a high-intensity rainstorm event that occurred in 2015 in Taipei City. In the verification of the maximum flood extent, the two approaches that considered street inlets performed considerably better than that without street inlets. When considering the aforementioned models in terms of temporal flood variation, using manholes as receivers leads to an overall inefficient draining of the surface water either by the manhole-based approach or by the inlet-manhole approach. Using the inlet-node approach is more reasonable than using the inlet-manhole approach because the inlet-node approach greatly reduces the fluctuation of the sewer water level. The inlet-node approach is more efficient in draining surface water by reducing flood volume by 13% compared with the inlet-manhole approach and by 41% compared with the manhole-based approach. The results show that inlet modeling has a strong influence on drainage efficiency in coupled flood simulation.

Bidirectional piston valve

DOEpatents

Fischer, Harry C.

1977-01-01

This invention is a reversing valve having an inlet, an outlet, and an inlet-outlet port. The valve is designed to respond to the introduction of relatively high-pressure fluid at its inlet or, alternatively, of lower-pressure fluid at its inlet-outlet port. The valve includes an axially slidable assembly which is spring-biased to a position where it isolates the inlet and connects the inlet-outlet port to the outlet. The admission of high-pressure fluid to the inlet displaces the slidable assembly to a position where the outlet is isolated and the inlet is connected to the inlet-outlet port. The valve is designed to minimize pressure drops and leakage. It is of a reliable and comparatively simple design.

Evaluation of Flush-Mounted, S-Duct Inlets With Large Amounts of Boundary Layer Ingestion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berrier, Bobby L.; Morehouse, Melissa B.

2003-01-01

A new high Reynolds number test capability for boundary layer ingesting inlets has been developed for the NASA Langley Research Center 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel. Using this new capability, an experimental investigation of four S-duct inlet configurations with large amounts of boundary layer ingestion (nominal boundary layer thickness of about 40% of inlet height) was conducted at realistic operating conditions (high subsonic Mach numbers and full-scale Reynolds numbers). The objectives of this investigation were to 1) develop a new high Reynolds number, boundary-layer ingesting inlet test capability, 2) evaluate the performance of several boundary layer ingesting S-duct inlets, 3) provide a database for CFD tool validation, and 4) provide a baseline inlet for future inlet flow-control studies. Tests were conducted at Mach numbers from 0.25 to 0.83, Reynolds numbers (based on duct exit diameter) from 5.1 million to a fullscale value of 13.9 million, and inlet mass-flow ratios from 0.39 to 1.58 depending on Mach number. Results of this investigation indicate that inlet pressure recovery generally decreased and inlet distortion generally increased with increasing Mach number. Except at low Mach numbers, increasing inlet mass-flow increased pressure recovery and increased distortion. Increasing the amount of boundary layer ingestion (by decreasing inlet throat height and increasing inlet throat width) or ingesting a boundary layer with a distorted profile decreased pressure recovery and increased distortion. Finally, increasing Reynolds number had almost no effect on inlet distortion but increased inlet recovery by about one-half percent at a Mach number near cruise.

Performance and surge limits of a TF30-P-3 turbofan engine/axisymmetric mixed-compression inlet propulsion system at Mach 2.5

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wasserbauer, J. F.; Neumann, H. E.; Shaw, R. J.

1985-01-01

Steady-state performance and inlet-engine compatibility were investigated with a low-bleed inlet. The inlet had minimum internal contraction, consistent with high total pressure recovery and low cowl drag. The inlet-engine combination displayed good performance with only about 2% of inlet performance bleed. The inlet-engine combination had 5.58 deg angle-of-attack capability with 6% bleed.

The Total-Pressure Recovery and Drag Characteristics of Several Auxiliary Inlets at Transonic Speeds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dennard, John S.

1959-01-01

Several flush and scoop-type auxiliary inlets have been tested for a range of Mach numbers from 0.55 to 1.3 to determine their transonic total-pressure recovery and drag characteristics. The inlet dimensions were comparable with the thickness of the boundary layer in which they were tested. Results indicate that flush inlets should be inclined at very shallow angles with respect to the surface for optimum total-pressure recovery and drag characteristics. Deep, narrow inlets have lower drag than wide shallow ones at Mach numbers greater than 0.9 but at lower Mach numbers the wider inlets proved superior. Inlets with a shallow approach ramp, 7 deg, and diverging ramp walls which incorporated boundary-layer bypass had lower drag than any other inlet tested for Mach numbers up to 1.2 and had the highest pressure recovery of all of the flush inlets. The scoop inlets, which operated in a higher velocity flow than the flush inlets, had higher drag coefficients. Several of these auxiliary inlets projected multiple, periodic shock waves into the stream when they were operated at low mass-flow ratios.

A Double-Blinded, Randomized Comparison of Medetomidine-Tiletamine-Zolazepam and Dexmedetomidine-Tiletamine-Zolazepam Anesthesia in Free-Ranging Brown Bears (Ursus Arctos)

PubMed Central

Cattet, Marc; Zedrosser, Andreas; Stenhouse, Gordon B.; Küker, Susanne; Evans, Alina L.; Arnemo, Jon M.

2017-01-01

We compared anesthetic features, blood parameters, and physiological responses to either medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam or dexmedetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam using a double-blinded, randomized experimental design during 40 anesthetic events of free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) either captured by helicopter in Sweden or by culvert trap in Canada. Induction was smooth and predictable with both anesthetic protocols. Induction time, the need for supplemental drugs to sustain anesthesia, and capture-related stress were analyzed using generalized linear models, but anesthetic protocol did not differentially affect these variables. Arterial blood gases and acid-base status, and physiological responses were examined using linear mixed models. We documented acidemia (pH of arterial blood < 7.35), hypoxemia (partial pressure of arterial oxygen < 80 mmHg), and hypercapnia (partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide ≥ 45 mmHg) with both protocols. Arterial pH and oxygen partial pressure were similar between groups with the latter improving markedly after oxygen supplementation (p < 0.001). We documented dose-dependent effects of both anesthetic protocols on induction time and arterial oxygen partial pressure. The partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide increased as respiratory rate increased with medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam, but not with dexmedetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam, demonstrating a differential drug effect. Differences in heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature among bears could not be attributed to the anesthetic protocol. Heart rate increased with increasing rectal temperature (p < 0.001) and ordinal day of capture (p = 0.002). Respiratory rate was significantly higher in bears captured by helicopter in Sweden than in bears captured by culvert trap in Canada (p < 0.001). Rectal temperature significantly decreased over time (p ≤ 0.05). Overall, we did not find any benefit of using dexmedetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam instead of medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam in the anesthesia of brown bears. Both drug combinations appeared to be safe and reliable for the anesthesia of free-ranging brown bears captured by helicopter or by culvert trap. PMID:28118413

A life-cycle model for wave-dominated tidal inlets along passive margin coasts of North America

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seminack, Christopher T.; McBride, Randolph A.

2018-03-01

A regional overview of 107 wave-dominated tidal inlets along the U.S. Atlantic coast, U.S. Gulf of Mexico coast, and Canadian Gulf of St. Lawrence coast yielded a generalized wave-dominated tidal inlet life-cycle model that recognized the rotational nature of tidal inlets. Tidal inlets are influenced by concurrently acting processes transpiring over two timescales: short-term, event-driven processes and long-term, evolutionary processes. Wave-dominated tidal inlets are classified into three rotational categories based on net longshore sediment transport direction and rotation direction along the landward (back-barrier) portion of the inlet channel: downdrift channel rotation, updrift channel rotation, or little-to-no channel rotation. Lateral shifting of the flood-tidal delta depocenter in response to available estuarine accommodation space appears to control inlet channel rotation. Flood-tidal delta deposits fill accommodation space locally within the estuary (i.e., creating bathymetric highs), causing the tidal-inlet channel to rotate. External influences, such as fluvial discharge, pre-existing back-barrier channels, and impeding salt marsh will also influence inlet-channel rotation. Storm events may rejuvenate the tidal inlet by scouring sediment within the flood-tidal delta, increasing local accommodation space. Wave-dominated tidal inlets are generally unstable and tend to open, concurrently migrate laterally and rotate, infill, and close. Channel rotation is a primary reason for wave-dominated tidal inlet closure. During rotation, the inlet channel lengthens and hydraulic efficiency decreases, thus causing tidal prism to decrease. Tidal prism, estuarine accommodation space, and sediment supply to the flood-tidal delta are the primary variables responsible for tidal inlet rotation. Stability of wave-dominated tidal inlets is further explained by: stability (S) = tidal prism (Ω) + estuarine accommodation space (V) - volume of annual sediment supply (Mt). Rotating wave-dominated tidal inlets follow a six-stage evolutionary model; whereas wave-dominated tidal inlets that exhibit little-to-no rotation follow a five-stage evolutionary model.

Injector Element which Maintains a Constant Mean Spray Angle and Optimum Pressure Drop During Throttling by Varying the Geometry of Tangential Inlets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trinh, Huu P. (Inventor); Myers, William Neill (Inventor)

2014-01-01

A method for determining the optimum inlet geometry of a liquid rocket engine swirl injector includes obtaining a throttleable level phase value, volume flow rate, chamber pressure, liquid propellant density, inlet injector pressure, desired target spray angle and desired target optimum delta pressure value between an inlet and a chamber for a plurality of engine stages. The tangential inlet area for each throttleable stage is calculated. The correlation between the tangential inlet areas and delta pressure values is used to calculate the spring displacement and variable inlet geometry. An injector designed using the method includes a plurality of geometrically calculated tangential inlets in an injection tube; an injection tube cap with a plurality of inlet slots slidably engages the injection tube. A pressure differential across the injector element causes the cap to slide along the injection tube and variably align the inlet slots with the tangential inlets.

Methodology for the Design of Streamline-Traced External-Compression Supersonic Inlets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Slater, John W.

2014-01-01

A design methodology based on streamline-tracing is discussed for the design of external-compression, supersonic inlets for flight below Mach 2.0. The methodology establishes a supersonic compression surface and capture cross-section by tracing streamlines through an axisymmetric Busemann flowfield. The compression system of shock and Mach waves is altered through modifications to the leading edge and shoulder of the compression surface. An external terminal shock is established to create subsonic flow which is diffused in the subsonic diffuser. The design methodology was implemented into the SUPIN inlet design tool. SUPIN uses specified design factors to design the inlets and computes the inlet performance, which includes the flow rates, total pressure recovery, and wave drag. A design study was conducted using SUPIN and the Wind-US computational fluid dynamics code to design and analyze the properties of two streamline-traced, external-compression (STEX) supersonic inlets for Mach 1.6 freestream conditions. The STEX inlets were compared to axisymmetric pitot, two-dimensional, and axisymmetric spike inlets. The STEX inlets had slightly lower total pressure recovery and higher levels of total pressure distortion than the axisymmetric spike inlet. The cowl wave drag coefficients of the STEX inlets were 20% of those for the axisymmetric spike inlet. The STEX inlets had external sound pressures that were 37% of those of the axisymmetric spike inlet, which may result in lower adverse sonic boom characteristics. The flexibility of the shape of the capture cross-section may result in benefits for the integration of STEX inlets with aircraft.

Electrically heated particulate matter filter with recessed inlet end plugs

DOEpatents

Gonze, Eugene V [Pinckney, MI; Ament, Frank [Troy, MI

2012-02-21

A particulate matter (PM) filter includes filter walls having inlet ends and outlet ends. First adjacent pairs of the filter walls define inlet channels. Second adjacent pairs of the filter walls define outlet channels. Outlet end plugs are arranged in the inlet channels adjacent to the output ends. Inlet end plugs arranged in the outlet channels spaced from the inlet ends.

Ultra high bypass Nacelle aerodynamics inlet flow-through high angle of attack distortion test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Larkin, Michael J.; Schweiger, Paul S.

1992-01-01

A flow-through inlet test program was conducted to evaluate inlet test methods and determine the impact of the fan on inlet separation when operating at large angles of attack. A total of 16 model configurations of approximately 1/6 scale were tested. A comparison of these flow-through results with powered data indicates the presence of the fan increased separation operation 3 degrees to 4 degrees over the flow through inlet. Rods and screens located at the fan face station, that redistribute the flow, achieved simulation of the powered-fan results for separation angle of attack. Concepts to reduce inlet distortion and increase angle of attack capability were also evaluated. Vortex generators located on the inlet surface increased inlet angle of attack capability up to 2 degrees and reduced inlet distortion in the separated region. Finally, a method of simulating the fan/inlet aerodynamic interaction using blockage sizing method has been defined. With this method, a static blockage device used with a flow-through model will approximate the same inlet onset of separation angle of attack and distortion pattern that would be obtained with an inlet model containing a powered fan.

Experimental investigation of inlet-combustor isolators for a dual-mode scramjet at a Mach number of 4

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Emami, Saied; Trexler, Carl A.; Auslender, Aaron H.; Weidner, John P.

1995-01-01

This report details experimentally derived operational characteristics of numerous two-dimensional planar inlet-combustor isolator configurations at a Mach number of 4. Variations in geometry included (1) inlet cowl length; (2) inlet cowl rotation angle; (3) isolator length; and (4) utilization of a rearward-facing isolator step. To obtain inlet-isolator maximum pressure-rise data relevant to ramjet-engine combustion operation, configurations were mechanically back pressured. Results demonstrated that the combined inlet-isolator maximum back-pressure capability increases as a function of isolator length and contraction ratio, and that the initiation of unstart is nearly independent of inlet cowl length, inlet cowl contraction ratio, and mass capture. Additionally, data are presented quantifying the initiation of inlet unstarts and the corresponding unstart pressure levels.

Evaluation of Flush-Mounted, S-Duct Inlets with Large Amounts of Boundary Layer Ingestion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berrier, Bobby L.; Morehouse, Melissa B.

2003-01-01

A new high Reynolds number test capability for boundary layer ingesting inlets has been developed for the NASA Langley Research Center 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel. Using this new capability, an experimental investigation of four S-duct inlet configurations with large amounts of boundary layer ingestion (nominal boundary layer thickness of about 40% of inlet height) was conducted at realistic operating conditions (high subsonic Mach numbers and full-scale Reynolds numbers). The objectives of this investigation were to 1) provide a database for CFD tool validation on boundary layer ingesting inlets operating at realistic conditions and 2) provide a baseline inlet for future inlet flow-control studies. Tests were conducted at Mach numbers from 0.25 to 0.83, Reynolds numbers (based on duct exit diameter) from 5.1 million to a full-scale value of 13.9 million, and inlet mass-flow ratios from 0.39 to 1.58 depending on Mach number. Results of this investigation indicate that inlet pressure recovery generally decreased and inlet distortion generally increased with increasing Mach number. Except at low Mach numbers, increasing inlet mass-flow increased pressure recovery and increased distortion. Increasing the amount of boundary layer ingestion (by decreasing inlet throat height) or ingesting a boundary layer with a distorted (adverse) profile decreased pressure recovery and increased distortion. Finally, increasing Reynolds number had almost no effect on inlet distortion but increased inlet recovery by about one-half percent at a Mach number near cruise.

The operation and maintenance of a crest-stage gaging station

USGS Publications Warehouse

Friday, John

1965-01-01

Rigid datum controls must be maintained at the gage site throughout the period of record. Physical changes of the site resulting from flood flows or manmade alterations must be evaluated. If a drainage structure such as a culvert is part of the site features, free-flow conditions must be maintained or obstructions carefully documented.

Compound Walls For Vacuum Chambers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frazer, Robert E.

1988-01-01

Proposed compound-wall configuration enables construction of large high-vacuum chambers without having to use thick layers of expensive material to obtain necessary strength. Walls enclose chambers more than 1 m in diameter and several kilometers long. Compound wall made of strong outer layer of structural-steel culvert pipe welded to thin layer of high-quality, low-outgassing stainless steel.

Long-term bed degradation in Maryland streams (Phase III Part 2) : urban streams in the Piedmont Plateau Province : research report : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-02-01

Estimation of potential long-term down-cutting of the stream bed is necessary for evaluation and design of bridges for scour and culverts for fish passage. The purpose of this study has been to improve predictions of this potential long-term bed degr...

Giving greater consideration to cross-drainage discharge from forest roads

Treesearch

Pamela J. Edwards; Gregory L. Evans

2004-01-01

Erosion below the outlets of cross drains (e.g., culverts'and broad-based dips) on forest roads in the central Appalachians is common but controllable. Erosion control below cross drains must take the form of reduced water discharged through each cross-drainage structure, slowed release of water, and/or adequate roughness for energy dissipation and water...

57. LOOKING UP TAILRACE OF PLANE 2 EAST. WATER DISCHARGING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

57. LOOKING UP TAILRACE OF PLANE 2 EAST. WATER DISCHARGING FROM CULVERT ON LEFT HAD JUST PASSED THROUGH THE FLUME AND POWER HOUSE IN ORDER TO OPERATE THE LIFT MACHINERY. TAILRACE ON RIGHT IS A BYPASS FLUME SO THAT LEVEL OF CANAL BELOW PLANE 2 EAST CAN BE MAINTAINED. - Morris Canal, Phillipsburg, Warren County, NJ

76 FR 7807 - Thorne Bay Ranger District; Alaska; Big Thorne Project Environmental Impact Statement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-11

... whether or not to authorize timber harvest and associated road construction on Prince of Wales Island in... include the repair of road culverts that do not meet current standards for the passage of fish; recreation... timber sales. Approximately 37 miles of National Forest System and temporary roads would be constructed...

Effectiveness of Chain Link Turtle Fence and Culverts in Reducing Turtle Mortality and Providing Connectivity along U.S. Hwy 83, Valentine National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska, USA

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-12-01

We evaluated the effectiveness of existing turtle fences through collecting and analyzing turtle mortality data along U.S. Hwy 83, in and around Valentine National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska, USA. We also investigated the level of connectivity for tur...

Investigation of REST-Class Hypersonic Inlet Designs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gollan, Rowan; Ferlemann, Paul G.

2011-01-01

Rectangular-to-elliptical shape-transition (REST) inlets are of interest for use on scramjet engines because they are efficient and integrate well with the forebody of a planar vehicle. The classic design technique by Smart for these inlets produces an efficient inlet but the complex three-dimensional viscous effects are only approximately included. Certain undesirable viscous features often occur in these inlets. In the present work, a design toolset has been developed which allows for rapid design of REST-class inlet geometries and the subsequent Navier-Stokes analysis of the inlet performance. This gives the designer feedback on the complex viscous effects at each design iteration. This new tool is applied to design an inlet for on-design operation at Mach 8. The tool allows for rapid investigation of design features that was previously not possible. The outcome is that the inlet shape can be modified to affect aspects of the flow field in a positive way. In one particular example, the boundary layer build-up on the bodyside of the inlet was reduced by 20% of the thickness associated with the classically designed inlet shape.

Reconstruction of paleo-inlet dynamics using sedimentologic analyses, geomorphic features, and benthic foraminiferal assemblages: former ephemeral inlets of Cedar Island, Virginia, USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McBride, R.; Wood, E. T.

2017-12-01

Cedar Island, VA is a low-profile, washover-dominated barrier island that has breached at least three times in the past sixty years. Cedar Island Inlet, a former wave-dominated tidal inlet, was open for the following time periods: 1) 1956-1962, 2) 1992-1997, and 3) 1998-2007. Air photos, satellite imagery, and geomorphic features (i.e., relict flood tidal deltas, recurved-spit ridges) record the spatial and temporal extent of the three ephemeral inlets. Based on three sediment vibracores, benthic foraminiferal and sedimentologic analyses offer high resolution insights of inlet dynamics and lifecycle evolution. Four foraminiferal biofacies are completely dominated by Elphidium excavatum (54-100%) and contain unique assemblages of accessory species based on cluster analyses: tidal inlet floor (low abundance estuarine and shelf species; 23% Haynesina germanica); flood tidal delta/inlet fill (high abundance estuarine and shelf species; 2% Buccella frigida, 2% Ammonia parkinsoniana, and 2% Haynesina germanica); high-energy inlet fill (low abundance, low diversity shelf species; 9% Elphidium gunteri); and washover/beach/aeolian (low abundance, predominantly shelf species; 3% Buccella frigida and 3% Ammonia parkinsoniana). The estuarine biofacies is barren of all foraminifera. Grain size trends indicate a first order coarsening-upward succession with second order coarsening- and fining-upwards packages in inlet throat deposits, while a first order fining-upward succession is observed in flood tidal delta deposits with two second order coarsening-upward packages in the proximal flood tidal delta. Contrary to typical wave-dominated tidal inlets that open, migrate laterally in the direction of net longshore transport, and close, the 1998-2007 tidal inlet, and possibly the 1956-1962 inlet, migrated laterally and rotated, whereas the 1992-1997 inlet remained stationary and did not rotate. In the vicinity of the vibracores, preserved deposits are attributed to the 1956-1962 and 1998-2007 tidal inlets and not to the 1992-1997 inlet. Additionally, a previously undocumented older inlet deposit was discovered. Thus, each ephemeral inlet has undergone a unique lifecycle where tidal prism, accommodation space, and flood tidal delta morphology influenced the degree of migration and rotation.

Benthic marine debris, with an emphasis on fishery-related items, surrounding Kodiak Island, Alaska, 1994-1996

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hess, N.A.; Ribic, C.A.; Vining, I.

1999-01-01

Composition and abundance of benthic marine debris were investigated during three bottom trawl surveys in inlet and offshore locations surrounding Kodiak Island, Alaska, 1994-1996. Debris items were primarily plastic and metal regardless of trawl location. Plastic bait jars, fishing line, and crab pots were the most common fishery-related debris items and were encountered in large amounts in inlets (20-25 items km-2), but were less abundant outside of inlets (4.5-11 items km-2). Overall density of debris was also significantly greater in inlets than outside of inlets. Plastic debris densities in inlets ranged 22-31.5 items km-2, 7.8-18.8 items km-2 outside of inlets. Trawls in inlets contained almost as much metal debris as plastic debris. Density of metal debris ranged from 21.2 to 23.7 items km-2 in inlets, a maximum of 2.7 items km-2 outside of inlets. Inlets around the town of Kodiak had the highest densities of fishery-related and total benthic debris. Differences in benthic debris density between inlets and outside of inlets and differences by area may be due to differences in fishing activity and water circulation patterns. At the current reduced levels of fishing activity, however, yearly monitoring of benthic debris appears unnecessary. Copyright (C) 1999.

IPAC-Inlet Performance Analysis Code

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barnhart, Paul J.

1997-01-01

A series of analyses have been developed which permit the calculation of the performance of common inlet designs. The methods presented are useful for determining the inlet weight flows, total pressure recovery, and aerodynamic drag coefficients for given inlet geometric designs. Limited geometric input data is required to use this inlet performance prediction methodology. The analyses presented here may also be used to perform inlet preliminary design studies. The calculated inlet performance parameters may be used in subsequent engine cycle analyses or installed engine performance calculations for existing uninstalled engine data.

Additional testing of the inlets designed for a tandem fan V/STOL nacelle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ybarra, A. H.

1981-01-01

The wind tunnel testing of a scale model of a tandem fan nacelle designed for a type (subsonic cruise) V/STOL aircraft configuration is discussed. The performance for the isolated front inlet and for the combined front and aft inlets is reported. Model variables include front and aft inlets with aft inlet variations of short and long aft inlet cowls, with a shaft simulator and diffuser vortex generators, cowl lip fillets, and nacelle strakes. Inlet pressure recovery, distortion, and inlet angle-to-attack separation limits were evaluated at tunnel velocity from 0 to 240 knots, angles-of-attack from -10 to +40 degrees and inlet flow rates corresponding to throat Mach number from 0.0 to 0.6. Combined nacelle pitch and yaw runs up to 30 deg. were also made.

Harmonic uniflow engine

DOEpatents

Bennett, Charles L.

2016-03-22

A reciprocating-piston uniflow engine includes a harmonic oscillator inlet valve capable of oscillating at a resonant frequency for controlling the flow of working fluid into the engine. In particular, the inlet valve includes an inlet valve head and a spring arranged together as a harmonic oscillator so that the inlet valve head is moveable from an unbiased equilibrium position to a biased closed position occluding an inlet. When released, the inlet valve head undergoes a single oscillation past the equilibrium position to a maximum open position and returns to a biased return position close to the closed position to choke the flow and produce a pressure drop across the inlet valve causing the inlet valve to close. In other embodiments, the harmonic oscillator arrangement of the inlet valve enables the uniflow engine to be reversibly operated as a uniflow compressor.

Inlet Geomorphology Evolution

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-01

APR 2015 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2015 to 00-00-2015 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Inlet Geomorphology Evolution 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b...Std Z39-18 Coastal Inlets Research Program Inlet Geomorphology Evolution The Inlet Geomorphology Evolution work unit of the CIRP evaluates

Hydraulic efficiency of grate and curb-opening inlets under clogging effect.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-04-01

The goal of this project is to investigate the hydraulic efficiencies of Type 13 (bar inlets), Type 16 : (vane inlets), and Type R (curb-opening inlets) for street and roadway drainage. Although these inlets : have been widely used in many metropolit...

Axisymmetric inlet minimum weight design method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nadell, Shari-Beth

1995-01-01

An analytical method for determining the minimum weight design of an axisymmetric supersonic inlet has been developed. The goal of this method development project was to improve the ability to predict the weight of high-speed inlets in conceptual and preliminary design. The initial model was developed using information that was available from inlet conceptual design tools (e.g., the inlet internal and external geometries and pressure distributions). Stiffened shell construction was assumed. Mass properties were computed by analyzing a parametric cubic curve representation of the inlet geometry. Design loads and stresses were developed at analysis stations along the length of the inlet. The equivalent minimum structural thicknesses for both shell and frame structures required to support the maximum loads produced by various load conditions were then determined. Preliminary results indicated that inlet hammershock pressures produced the critical design load condition for a significant portion of the inlet. By improving the accuracy of inlet weight predictions, the method will improve the fidelity of propulsion and vehicle design studies and increase the accuracy of weight versus cost studies.

Experimental investigation of a 0.15 scale model of a conformal variable-ramp inlet for the F-16 airplane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hawkins, J. E.

1980-01-01

A 0.15 scale model of a proposed conformal variable-ramp inlet for the Multirole Fighter was tested from Mach 0.8 to 2.2 at a wide range of angles of attack and sideslip. Inlet ramp angle was varied to optimize ramp angle as a function of engine airflow, Mach number, angle of attack, and angle of sideslip. Several inlet configuration options were investigated to study their effects on inlet operation and to establish the final flight configuration. These variations were cowl sidewall cutback, cowl lip bluntness, boundary layer bleed, and first-ramp leading edge shape. Diagnostic and engine face instrumentation were used to evaluate inlet operation at various inlet stations and at the inlet/engine interface. Pressure recovery and stability of the inlet were satisfactory for the proposed application. On the basis of an engine stability audit of the worst-case instantaneous distortion patterns, no inlet/engine compatibility problems are expected for normal operations.

Experimental Research on Optimizing Inlet Airflow of Wet Cooling Towers under Crosswind Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, You Liang; Shi, Yong Feng; Hao, Jian Gang; Chang, Hao; Sun, Feng Zhong

2018-01-01

A new approach of installing air deflectors around tower inlet circumferentially was proposed to optimize the inlet airflow and reduce the adverse effect of crosswinds on the thermal performance of natural draft wet cooling towers (NDWCT). And inlet airflow uniformity coefficient was defined to analyze the uniformity of circumferential inlet airflow quantitatively. Then the effect of air deflectors on the NDWCT performance was investigated experimentally. By contrast between inlet air flow rate and cooling efficiency, it has been found that crosswinds not only decrease the inlet air flow rate, but also reduce the uniformity of inlet airflow, which reduce NDWCT performance jointly. After installing air deflectors, the inlet air flow rate and uniformity coefficient increase, the uniformity of heat and mass transfer increases correspondingly, which improve the cooling performance. In addition, analysis on Lewis factor demonstrates that the inlet airflow optimization has more enhancement of heat transfer than mass transfer, but leads to more water evaporation loss.

New Ebb-Tidal Delta at an Old Inlet, Shark River Inlet, New Jersey

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

examine interacting beach and inlet processes and to test numerical simulation models for predicting morphology change at inlets. This study was...intertidal, oyster-encrusted Figure 4. A) Shark River Inlet, February-March 1920, post early construction (1915), but during rehabilitation of...the original State-built, curved jetties; B) Shark River Inlet, 23 January 1933, post construction of curved jetties and land reclamation of the flood

Combustion-gas recirculation system

DOEpatents

Baldwin, Darryl Dean

2007-10-09

A combustion-gas recirculation system has a mixing chamber with a mixing-chamber inlet and a mixing-chamber outlet. The combustion-gas recirculation system may further include a duct connected to the mixing-chamber inlet. Additionally, the combustion-gas recirculation system may include an open inlet channel with a solid outer wall. The open inlet channel may extend into the mixing chamber such that an end of the open inlet channel is disposed between the mixing-chamber inlet and the mixing-chamber outlet. Furthermore, air within the open inlet channel may be at a pressure near or below atmospheric pressure.

Method for Determining Optimum Injector Inlet Geometry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Myers, W. Neill (Inventor); Trinh, Huu P. (Inventor)

2015-01-01

A method for determining the optimum inlet geometry of a liquid rocket engine swirl injector includes obtaining a throttleable level phase value, volume flow rate, chamber pressure, liquid propellant density, inlet injector pressure, desired target spray angle and desired target optimum delta pressure value between an inlet and a chamber for a plurality of engine stages. The method calculates the tangential inlet area for each throttleable stage. The method also uses correlation between the tangential inlet areas and delta pressure values to calculate the spring displacement and variable inlet geometry of a liquid rocket engine swirl injector.

On the question of starting conditions for frontal axisymmetric inlets tested in hot-shot wind tunnels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gounko, Yu. P.; Mazhul, I. I.

2017-05-01

The work presents the results of an analysis of starting conditions for some frontal axisymmetric inlets of internal compression tested at freestream Mach numbers M = 3-8.4 in the hot-shot wind tunnels based at Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (ITAM). The results of these inlets test are compared with the data of numerical computations of inviscid, laminar, and turbulent flows carried out by the pseudo-unsteady method. There were determined the inlet throat areas limiting either with regard to the inlet starting or with regard to providing the maximally possible degree of geometric compression of the inlet-captured supersonic airstream at its deceleration in the already started inlet. Reshaping of computed flow patterns in the inlets depending on the variation of the minimal cross section of the inlet internal duct is analyzed.

Digital integrated control of a Mach 2.5 mixed-compression supersonic inlet and an augmented mixed-flow turbofan engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Batterton, P. G.; Arpasi, D. J.; Baumbick, R. J.

1974-01-01

A digitally implemented integrated inlet-engine control system was designed and tested on a mixed-compression, axisymmetric, Mach 2.5, supersonic inlet with 45 percent internal supersonic area contraction and a TF30-P-3 augmented turbofan engine. The control matched engine airflow to available inlet airflow. By monitoring inlet terminal shock position and over-board bypass door command, the control adjusted engine speed so that in steady state, the shock would be at the desired location and the overboard bypass doors would be closed. During engine-induced transients, such as augmentor light-off and cutoff, the inlet operating point was momentarily changed to a more supercritical point to minimize unstarts. The digital control also provided automatic inlet restart. A variable inlet throat bleed control, based on throat Mach number, provided additional inlet stability margin.

Forward velocity effects on fan noise and the suppression characteristics of advanced inlets as measured in the NASA Ames 40 by 80 foot wind tunnel: Acoustic data report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, M. T.

1981-01-01

Forward velocity effects on the forward radiated fan noise and on the suppression characteristics of three advanced inlets relative to a baseline cylindrical inlet were measured in a wind tunnel. A modified JT15D turbofan engine in a quiet nacelle was the source of fan noise; the advanced inlets were a CTOL hybrid inlet, an STOL hybrid inlet, and a treated deflector inlet. Also measured were the static to flight effects on the baseline inlet noise and the effects on the fan noise of canting the baseline inlet 4 deg downward to simulate typical wing mounted turbofan engines. The 1/3 octave band noise data from these tests are given along with selected plots of 1/3 octave band spectra and directivity and full scale PNL directivities. The test facilities and data reduction techniques used are also described.

Aerodynamic Design of a Dual-Flow Mach 7 Hypersonic Inlet System for a Turbine-Based Combined-Cycle Hypersonic Propulsion System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sanders, Bobby W.; Weir, Lois J.

2008-01-01

A new hypersonic inlet for a turbine-based combined-cycle (TBCC) engine has been designed. This split-flow inlet is designed to provide flow to an over-under propulsion system with turbofan and dual-mode scramjet engines for flight from takeoff to Mach 7. It utilizes a variable-geometry ramp, high-speed cowl lip rotation, and a rotating low-speed cowl that serves as a splitter to divide the flow between the low-speed turbofan and the high-speed scramjet and to isolate the turbofan at high Mach numbers. The low-speed inlet was designed for Mach 4, the maximum mode transition Mach number. Integration of the Mach 4 inlet into the Mach 7 inlet imposed significant constraints on the low-speed inlet design, including a large amount of internal compression. The inlet design was used to develop mechanical designs for two inlet mode transition test models: small-scale (IMX) and large-scale (LIMX) research models. The large-scale model is designed to facilitate multi-phase testing including inlet mode transition and inlet performance assessment, controls development, and integrated systems testing with turbofan and scramjet engines.

Forward velocity effects on fan noise and the suppression characteristics of advanced inlets as measured in the NASA-Ames 40 by 80 foot wind tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, M. T.

1980-01-01

Forward velocity effects on the forward radiated fan noise and on the suppression characteristics of three advanced inlets relative to a baseline cylindrical inlet were measured in the NASA Ames Research Center 40 x 80 foot Wind Tunnel. A modified JT15D turbofan engine in a quiet nacelle was the source of fan noise; the advanced inlets were a Conventional Takeoff/Landing (CTOL) hybrid inlet, a Short Takeoff/Landing (STOL) hybrid inlet, and a treated deflector inlet. Also measured were the static to flight effects on the fan noise of canting the baseline inlet 4 deg downward to simulate typical wing mounted turbofan engines. The CTOL hybrid inlet suppressed the high tip speed fan noise as much as 18 PNdB on a 61 m (200 ft) sideline scaled to a CF6 size engine while the STOL hybrid inlet suppressed the low tip speed fan noise as much as 13 PNdB on a 61 m (200 ft) sideline scaled to a OCSEE size engine. The deflector inlet suppressed the high tip speed fan noise as much as 13 PNdB at 61 m (200 ft) overhead scaled to a CF6 size engine. No significant changes in fan noise suppression for the CTOL and STOL hybrid inlets occurred for forward velocity changes above 21 m/s (68 ft/s) or for angle of attack changes up to 15 deg. However, changes in both forward velocity and angle of attack changed the deflector inlet noise unpredictably due to the asymmetry of the inlet flow field into the fan.

The Origin of Inlet Buzz in a Mach 1.7 Low Boom Inlet Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anderson, Bernhard H.; Weir, Lois

2014-01-01

Supersonic inlets with external compression, having a good level performance at the critical operating point, exhibit a marked instability of the flow in some subcritical operation below a critical value of the capture mass flow ratio. This takes the form of severe oscillations of the shock system, commonly known as "buzz". The underlying purpose of this study is to indicate how Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) analysis of supersonic inlets will alter how we envision unsteady inlet aerodynamics, particularly inlet buzz. Presented in this paper is a discussion regarding the physical explanation underlying inlet buzz as indicated by DES analysis. It is the normal shock wave boundary layer separation along the spike surface which reduces the capture mass flow that is the controlling mechanism which determines the onset of inlet buzz, and it is the aerodynamic characteristics of a choked nozzle that provide the feedback mechanism that sustains the buzz cycle by imposing a fixed mean corrected inlet weight flow. Comparisons between the DES analysis of the Lockheed Martin Corporation (LMCO) N+2 inlet and schlieren photographs taken during the test of the Gulfstream Large Scale Low Boom (LSLB) inlet in the NASA 8x6 ft. Supersonic Wind Tunnel (SWT) show a strong similarity both in turbulent flow field structure and shock wave formation during the buzz cycle. This demonstrates the value of DES analysis for the design and understanding of supersonic inlets.

Investigation of normal shock inlets for highly maneuverable aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, A. W.

1977-01-01

Concepts are investigated for obtaining both low cowl drag and good inlet performance at high angles of attack. The effect of a canard on inlet performance for a kidney shaped inlet in each of two vertical locations is discussed along with a sharp lip two dimensional inlet on a canardless forebody.

Evaluation of panel code predictions with experimental results of inlet performance for a 17-inch ducted prop/fab simulator operating at Mach 0.2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boldman, D. R.; Iek, C.; Hwang, D. P.; Jeracki, R. J.; Larkin, M.; Sorin, G.

1991-01-01

An axisymmetric panel code was used to evaluate a series of ducted propeller inlets. The inlets were tested in the Lewis 9 by 15 Foot Low Speed Wind Tunnel. Three basic inlets having ratios of shroud length to propeller diameter of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.5 were tested with the Pratt and Whitney ducted prop/fan simulator. A fourth hybrid inlet consisting of the shroud from the shortest basic inlet coupled with the spinner from the largest basic inlet was also tested. This later configuration represented the shortest overall inlet. The simulator duct diameter at the propeller face was 17.25 inches. The short and long spinners provided hub-to-tip ratios of 0.44 at the propeller face. The four inlets were tested at a nominal free stream Mach number of 0.2 and at angles of attack from 0 degrees to 35 degrees. The panel code method incorporated a simple two-part separation model which yielded conservative estimates of inlet separation.

SUPIN: A Computational Tool for Supersonic Inlet Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Slater, John W.

2016-01-01

A computational tool named SUPIN is being developed to design and analyze the aerodynamic performance of supersonic inlets. The inlet types available include the axisymmetric pitot, three-dimensional pitot, axisymmetric outward-turning, two-dimensional single-duct, two-dimensional bifurcated-duct, and streamline-traced inlets. The aerodynamic performance is characterized by the flow rates, total pressure recovery, and drag. The inlet flow-field is divided into parts to provide a framework for the geometry and aerodynamic modeling. Each part of the inlet is defined in terms of geometric factors. The low-fidelity aerodynamic analysis and design methods are based on analytic, empirical, and numerical methods which provide for quick design and analysis. SUPIN provides inlet geometry in the form of coordinates, surface angles, and cross-sectional areas. SUPIN can generate inlet surface grids and three-dimensional, structured volume grids for use with higher-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Capabilities highlighted in this paper include the design and analysis of streamline-traced external-compression inlets, modeling of porous bleed, and the design and analysis of mixed-compression inlets. CFD analyses are used to verify the SUPIN results.

Inlet design for high-speed propfans

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Little, B. H., Jr.; Hinson, B. L.

1982-01-01

A two-part study was performed to design inlets for high-speed propfan installation. The first part was a parametric study to select promising inlet concepts. A wide range of inlet geometries was examined and evaluated - primarily on the basis of cruise thrust and fuel burn performance. Two inlet concepts were than chosen for more detailed design studies - one apropriate to offset engine/gearbox arrangements and the other to in-line arrangements. In the second part of this study, inlet design points were chosen to optimize the net installed thrust, and detailed design of the two inlet configurations was performed. An analytical methodology was developed to account for propfan slipstream effects, transonic flow efects, and three-dimensional geometry effects. Using this methodology, low drag cowls were designed for the two inlets.

Small inlet optical panel and a method of making a small inlet optical panel

DOEpatents

Veligdan, James T.; Slobodin, David

2001-01-01

An optical panel having a small inlet, and a method of making a small inlet optical panel, are disclosed, which optical panel includes a individually coating, stacking, and cutting a first plurality of stacked optical waveguides to form an outlet face body with an outlet face, individually coating, stacking, and cutting a second plurality of stacked optical waveguides to form an inlet face body with an inlet face, and connecting an optical coupling element to the first plurality and to the second plurality, wherein the optical coupling element redirects light along a parallel axis of the inlet face to a parallel axis of the outlet face. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inlet face is disposed obliquely with and askew from the outlet face.

Status of an inlet configuration trade study for the Douglas HSCT

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Jay R.; Welge, H. Robert

1992-01-01

An inlet concept integration trade study for an HSCT is being conducted under contract to NASA LeRC. The HSCT mission has a supersonic cruise Mach number of 2.4 and a subsonic cruise Mach number of 0.95. The engine selected for this study is the GE VCE (variable cycle engine) with FLADE (fan on blade). Six inlet configurations will be defined. Inlet configurations will be axisymmetric and rectangular mixed-compression inlets in single-engine nacelles. Airplane performance for each inlet configuration will be estimated and then compared. The most appropriate inlet configuration for this airplane/engine combination will be determined by Sep. 1991.

Contaminate Control Device

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howe, Robert H. (Inventor); Flynn, Kenneth P. (Inventor); Stapleton, Thomas J. (Inventor)

2014-01-01

A contaminate control device for filtering contaminates from a gas such as air is provided. The device includes a housing having a first inlet and a first outlet. An axial flow filter is fluidly coupled between the first inlet and the first outlet, the axial flow filter has a second inlet and a second outlet. A second filter disposed about the axial flow filter and is fluidly coupled between the first inlet and the first outlet, the second filter having a third inlet on an inner diameter and a third outlet disposed on an outer diameter. A flow restrictor is fluidly coupled between the second inlet and the first inlet.

Atmospheric effects on inlets for supersonic cruise aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cole, G. L.

1977-01-01

Mixed-compression inlet dynamic behavior in the vicinity of unstart, was simulated and analyzed to investigate time response of an inlet's normal shock to independent disturbances in ambient temperature and pressure and relative velocity (longitudinal gust), with and without inlet controls active. The results indicate that atmospheric disturbances may be more important than internal disturbances in setting inlet controls requirements because they are usually not anticipated and because normal shock response to rapid atmospheric disturbances is not attenuated by the inlet, as it is for engine induced disturbances. However, before inlet control requirements can be fully assessed, more statistics on extreme atmospheric disturbances are needed.

Effects of passage barriers on demographics and stability properties of a virtual trout populations

Treesearch

Bret Harvey; Steven Railsback

2011-01-01

Habitat fragmentation is widely assumed to have negative effects on populations and communities, but some effects of fragmentation are subtle, difficult to measure and not always negative. For stream fish, barriers to upstream passage, such as waterfalls or culverts with perched outlets, are a common cause of fragmentation. We explored the effects of barriers on a...

Road crossings as barriers to small-stream fish movement

Treesearch

Melvin L. Warren; Mitzi G. Pardew

1998-01-01

The authors used mark-recapture techniques to examine the effects of four types of road crossings on fish movement during spring base flows and summer low flows in small streams of the Ouachita Mountains, west-central Arkansas. The authors assessed movement for 21 fish species in seven families through culvert, slab, open-box, and ford crossings and through natural...

Rehabilitate Newsome Creek Watershed, 2007-2008 Annual Report.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bransford, Stephanie

2009-05-01

The Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Watershed Division approaches watershed restoration with a ridge-top to ridgetop approach. The Nez Perce Tribe (NPT) and the Nez Perce National Forest (NPNF) have formed a partnership in completing watershed restoration activities, and through this partnership more work is accomplished by sharing funding and resources in our effort. The Nez Perce Tribe began watershed restoration projects within the Newsome Creek watershed of the South Fork Clearwater River in 1997. Progress has been made in restoring the watershed through road decommissioning and culvert replacement. Starting in FY 2001 and continuing into themore » present, a major stream restoration effort on the mainstem of Newsome Creek has been pursued. From completing a watershed assessment to a feasibility study of 4 miles of mainstem rehabilitation to carrying that forward into NEPA and a final design, we will begin the effort of restoring the mainstem channel of Newsome Creek to provide spawning and rearing habitat for anadromous and resident fish species. Roads have been surveyed and prioritized for removal or improvement as well as culverts being prioritized for replacement to accommodate fish passage throughout the watershed.« less

Restore McComas Meadows; Meadow Creek Watershed, 2004-2005 Annual Report.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McRoberts, Heidi

2005-12-01

The Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Watershed Division approaches watershed restoration with a ridge-top to ridge-top approach. Watershed restoration projects within the Meadow Creek watershed are coordinated and cost shared with the Nez Perce National Forest. The Nez Perce Tribe began watershed restoration projects within the Meadow Creek watershed of the South Fork Clearwater River in 1996. Progress has been made in restoring the watershed by excluding cattle from critical riparian areas through fencing, planting trees in riparian areas within the meadow and its tributaries, prioritizing culverts for replacement to accommodate fish passage, and decommissioning roads tomore » reduce sediment input. During this contract period, bids were solicited and awarded for two culvert replacement projects on Doe Creek, and a tributary to Meadow Creek. Additionally, NEPA and permits were completed for the ditch restoration project within McComas Meadows. Due to delays in cultural resource surveys, the contract was not awarded for the performance of the ditch restoration. It will occur in 2005. Monitoring for project effectiveness and trends in watershed conditions was also completed. Road decommissioning monitoring, as well as stream temperature, sediment, and discharge were completed.« less

Estimating flow rates to optimize winter habitat for centrarchid fish in Mississippi River (USA) backwaters

USGS Publications Warehouse

Johnson, Barry L.; Knights, Brent C.; Barko, John W.; Gaugush, Robert F.; Soballe, David M.; James, William F.

1998-01-01

The backwaters of large rivers provide winter refuge for many riverine fish, but they often exhibit low dissolved oxygen levels due to high biological oxygen demand and low flows. Introducing water from the main channel can increase oxygen levels in backwaters, but can also increase current velocity and reduce temperature during winter, which may reduce habitat suitability for fish. In 1993, culverts were installed to introduce flow to the Finger Lakes, a system of six backwater lakes on the Mississippi River, about 160 km downstream from Minneapolis, Minnesota. The goal was to improve habitat for bluegills and black crappies during winter by providing dissolved oxygen concentrations >3 mg/L, current velocities <1 cm/s, and temperatures >1°C. To achieve these conditions, we used data on lake volume and oxygen demand to estimate the minimum flow required to maintain 3 mg/L of dissolved oxygen in each lake. Estimated flows ranged from 0.02 to 0.14 m3/s among lakes. Data gathered in winter 1994 after the culverts were opened, indicated that the estimated flows met habitat goals, but that thermal stratification and lake morphometry can reduce the volume of optimal habitat created.

“Sapsan”-carriages defrosting station of Nizhniy Novgorod railway service enterprise and its surface waste water purification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Strelkov, Alexander; Teplykh, Svetlana; Gorshkalev, Pavel; Bystranova, Anastasia

2017-10-01

Surface water disposal is one of the most relevant problems for Nizhniy Novgorod railway service enterprises. Waste water must be quickly removed with special drainage devices and water drainage facilities (culverts, slope drains, pipes, ditches, etc.). During “Sapsan”-carriages defrosting watse water is aggregated on railroad tracks. It leads to track bed structure sagging, roadbed washaway and damages to point switches. In this paper the authors describe a concrete system of waste water disposal from railway service enterprises. This system is realized through culverts readjusted at the foot of ballast section. Thereafter, the collected water is pumped into a water collector and to local sewage waste-disposal plants. For railway stations with three or more tracks surface runoff diversion scheme depends on topography, railway tracks types, flow discharge and is compiled individually for each object. This paper examines “Sapsan”-carriages defrosting station of Nizhniy Novgorod railway service enterprise. It presents a technology scheme and equipment consisting of Sand catcher LOS-P, Oil catcher LOS-N, pressure-tight flotation unit; drain feed pump; solution-consuming tank of the coagulant, the solution-consuming tank of flocculant. The proposed technology has been introduced into the project practice.

Modular assembly for supporting, straining, and directing flow to a core in a nuclear reactor

DOEpatents

Pennell, William E.

1977-01-01

A reactor core support arrangement for supporting, straining, and providing fluid flow to the core and periphery of a nuclear reactor during normal operation. A plurality of removable inlet modular units are contained within permanent liners in the lower supporting plate of the reactor vessel lower internals. During normal operation (1) each inlet modular unit directs main coolant flow to a plurality of core assemblies, the latter being removably supported in receptacles in the upper portion of the modular unit and (2) each inlet modular unit may direct bypass flow to a low pressure annular region of the reactor vessel. Each inlet modular unit may include special fluid seals interposed between mating surfaces of the inlet modular units and the core assemblies and between the inlet modular units and the liners, to minimize leakage and achieve an hydraulic balance. Utilizing the hydraulic balance, the modular units are held in the liners and the assemblies are held in the modular unit receptacles by their own respective weight. Included as part of the permanent liners below the horizontal support plate are generally hexagonal axial debris barriers. The axial debris barriers collectively form a bottom boundary of a secondary high pressure plenum, the upper boundary of which is the bottom surface of the horizontal support plate. Peripheral liners include radial debris barriers which collectively form a barrier against debris entry radially. During normal operation primary coolant inlet openings in the liner, below the axial debris barriers, pass a large amount of coolant into the inlet modular units, and secondary coolant inlet openings in the portion of the liners within the secondary plenum pass a small amount of coolant into the inlet modular units. The secondary coolant inlet openings also provide alternative coolant inlet flow paths in the unlikely event of blockage of the primary inlet openings. The primary inlet openings have characteristics which limit the entry of debris and minimize the potential for debris entering the primary inlets blocking the secondary inlets from inside the modular unit.

30 CFR 77.303 - Hot gas inlet chamber dropout doors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Hot gas inlet chamber dropout doors. 77.303... COAL MINES Thermal Dryers § 77.303 Hot gas inlet chamber dropout doors. Thermal dryer systems which employ a hot gas inlet chamber shall be equipped with drop-out doors at the bottom of the inlet chamber...

30 CFR 77.303 - Hot gas inlet chamber dropout doors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Hot gas inlet chamber dropout doors. 77.303... COAL MINES Thermal Dryers § 77.303 Hot gas inlet chamber dropout doors. Thermal dryer systems which employ a hot gas inlet chamber shall be equipped with drop-out doors at the bottom of the inlet chamber...

30 CFR 77.303 - Hot gas inlet chamber dropout doors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Hot gas inlet chamber dropout doors. 77.303... COAL MINES Thermal Dryers § 77.303 Hot gas inlet chamber dropout doors. Thermal dryer systems which employ a hot gas inlet chamber shall be equipped with drop-out doors at the bottom of the inlet chamber...

30 CFR 77.303 - Hot gas inlet chamber dropout doors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Hot gas inlet chamber dropout doors. 77.303... COAL MINES Thermal Dryers § 77.303 Hot gas inlet chamber dropout doors. Thermal dryer systems which employ a hot gas inlet chamber shall be equipped with drop-out doors at the bottom of the inlet chamber...

Euler Calculations at Off-Design Conditions for an Inlet of Inward Turning RBCC-SSTO Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Takashima, N.; Kothari, A. P.

1998-01-01

The inviscid performance of an inward turning inlet design is calculated computationally for the first time. Hypersonic vehicle designs based on the inward turning inlets have been shown analytically to have increased effective specific impulse and lower heat load than comparably designed vehicles with two-dimensional inlets. The inward turning inlets are designed inversely from inviscid stream surfaces of known flow fields. The computational study is performed on a Mach 12 inlet design to validate the performance predicted by the design code (HAVDAC) and calculate its off-design Mach number performance. The three-dimensional Euler equations are solved for Mach 4, 8, and 12 using a software package called SAM, which consists of an unstructured mesh generator (SAMmesh), a three-dimensional unstructured mesh flow solver (SAMcfd), and a CAD-based software (SAMcad). The computed momentum averaged inlet throat pressure is within 6% of the design inlet throat pressure. The mass-flux at the inlet throat is also within 7 % of the value predicted by the design code thereby validating the accuracy of the design code. The off-design Mach number results show that flow spillage is minimal, and the variation in the mass capture ratio with Mach number is comparable to an ideal 2-D inlet. The results from the inviscid flow calculations of a Mach 12 inward turning inlet indicate that the inlet design has very good on and off-design performance which makes it a promising design candidate for future air-breathing hypersonic vehicles.

Investigation of Aerodynamic and Icing Characteristics of a Flush Alternate Inlet Induction System Air Scoop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewis, James P.

1953-01-01

An investigation has been made in the NACA Lewis icing research tunnel to determine the aerodynamic and icing characteristics of a full-scale induction-system air-scoop assembly incorporating a flush alternate inlet. The flush inlet was located immediately downstream of the offset ram inlet and included a 180 deg reversal and a 90 deg elbow in the ducting between inlet and carburetor top deck. The model also had a preheat-air inlet. The investigation was made over a range of mass-air- flow ratios of 0 to 0.8, angles of attack of 0 and 4 deg airspeeds of 150 to 270 miles per hour, air temperatures of 0 and 25 F various liquid-water contents, and droplet sizes. The ram inlet gave good pressure recovery in both clear air and icing but rapid blockage of the top-deck screen occurred during icing. The flush alternate inlet had poor pressure recovery in both clear air and icing. The greatest decreases in the alternate-inlet pressure recovery were obtained at icing conditions of low air temperature and high liquid-water content. No serious screen icing was observed with the alternate inlet. Pressure and temperature distributions on the carburetor top deck were determined using the preheat-air supply with the preheat- and alternate-inlet doors in various positions. No screen icing occurred when the preheat-air system was operated in combination with alternate-inlet air flow.

CFD application to supersonic/hypersonic inlet airframe integration. [computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benson, Thomas J.

1988-01-01

Supersonic external compression inlets are introduced, and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes and tests needed to study flow associated with these inlets are outlined. Normal shock wave turbulent boundary layer interaction is discussed. Boundary layer control is considered. Glancing sidewall shock interaction is treated. The CFD validation of hypersonic inlet configurations is explained. Scramjet inlet modules are shown.

Incidence angle bounds for lip flow separation of three 13.97-centimeter-diameter inlets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Luidens, R. W.; Abbott, J. M.

1976-01-01

Low speed wind tunnel tests were conducted to establish a procedure for determining inlet-lip flow separation and to make preliminary examination of the incidence angle bounds for lip flow separation on inlets intended for the nacelles of STOL (short takeoff and landing) aircraft. Three inlets were tested. Two of the inlets had short centerbodies with lower lip area contraction ratios of 1.30 and 1.44. The third inlet had a cylindrical centerbody extended forward into the inlet throat with a lower lip area contraction ratio of 1.44. The inlets were sized to fit a 13.97 centimeter-diameter fan. For inlet throat Mach numbers less than about 0.43, the lip flow separation angle was increased by either increasing the ratio of throat velocity to freestream velocity (Vt/Vo) or by increasing the lower lip area contraction ratio. For throat Mach numbers greater than a certain value (ranging from 0.43 to 0.52), increasing throat Mach number in some cases resulted in a decrease in the lip flow separation angle. Extending a cylindrical centerbody into the inlet throat increased the flow separation angle for nearly all values of Vt/Vo.

Hypersonic Combustor Model Inlet CFD Simulations and Experimental Comparisons

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Venkatapathy, E.; TokarcikPolsky, S.; Deiwert, G. S.; Edwards, Thomas A. (Technical Monitor)

1995-01-01

Numerous two-and three-dimensional computational simulations were performed for the inlet associated with the combustor model for the hypersonic propulsion experiment in the NASA Ames 16-Inch Shock Tunnel. The inlet was designed to produce a combustor-inlet flow that is nearly two-dimensional and of sufficient mass flow rate for large scale combustor testing. The three-dimensional simulations demonstrated that the inlet design met all the design objectives and that the inlet produced a very nearly two-dimensional combustor inflow profile. Numerous two-dimensional simulations were performed with various levels of approximations such as in the choice of chemical and physical models, as well as numerical approximations. Parametric studies were conducted to better understand and to characterize the inlet flow. Results from the two-and three-dimensional simulations were used to predict the mass flux entering the combustor and a mass flux correlation as a function of facility stagnation pressure was developed. Surface heat flux and pressure measurements were compared with the computed results and good agreement was found. The computational simulations helped determine the inlet low characteristics in the high enthalpy environment, the important parameters that affect the combustor-inlet flow, and the sensitivity of the inlet flow to various modeling assumptions.

Theoretical evaluation of engine auxiliary inlet design for supersonic V/STOL aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boles, Michael A.; Heavner, Richard L.

1988-01-01

A higher order panel method is used to evaluate the potential flow of a two dimensional supersonic V/STOL inlet. A non-symmetric analytical inlet model is developed to closely match a wind tunnel model. The analytical inlet is analyzed for flow characteristics around the lower cowl lip and auxiliary inlets. The results are obtained from the output of a computer program that is based on the Hess Panel Method which determines source strengths of panels distributed over a three dimensional body. The analytical model was designed for the implementation of drooped/translated cowl lip and auxiliary inlets as flow improvement concepts. A 40 or 70 degree droop lip can be incorporated on the inlet to determine if these geometry modifications result in flow improvements which may reduce the propensity for flow separation on the interior portion of the lip. Auxiliary inlets are employed to decrease the mass flow over the inlet lip. Thus, the peak flow velocity is reduced at the lip which also lessens the likelihood of flow separation on the interior portion of the lip. A 2, 4, and 6 inch translated lip can be employed to also decrease mass flow over the inlet lower lip in the same manner as the auxiliary inlet. The performance results of the flow improvement concepts show that three possible inlet configurations provide a situation where separation is less likely to occur. A 70 degree droop lip maintains flow conditions such that attached flow over the lower cowl lip may exist for the entire angle of attack range studied. A 0 degree droop and translated lip combination provides similar results for the angle of attack range. The third configuration consists of a 0 degree droop and auxiliary inlet combination. This configuration provides slightly less favorable results than the other two, but still allows for conditions favorable to attached flow within the inlet.

Parametric Data from a Wind Tunnel Test on a Rocket-Based Combined-Cycle Engine Inlet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fernandez, Rene; Trefny, Charles J.; Thomas, Scott R.; Bulman, Mel J.

2001-01-01

A 40-percent scale model of the inlet to a rocket-based combined-cycle (RBCC) engine was tested in the NASA Glenn Research Center 1- by 1-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel (SWT). The full-scale RBCC engine is scheduled for test in the Hypersonic Tunnel Facility (HTF) at NASA Glenn's Plum Brook Station at Mach 5 and 6. This engine will incorporate the configuration of this inlet model which achieved the best performance during the present experiment. The inlet test was conducted at Mach numbers of 4.0, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0. The fixed-geometry inlet consists of an 8 deg.. forebody compression plate, boundary layer diverter, and two compressive struts located within 2 parallel sidewalls. These struts extend through the inlet, dividing the flowpath into three channels. Test parameters investigated included strut geometry, boundary layer ingestion, and Reynolds number (Re). Inlet axial pressure distributions and cross-sectional Pitot-pressure surveys at the base of the struts were measured at varying back-pressures. Inlet performance and starting data are presented. The inlet chosen for the RBCC engine self-started at all Mach numbers from 4 to 6. Pitot-pressure contours showed large flow nonuniformity on the body-side of the inlet. The inlet provided adequate pressure recovery and flow quality for the RBCC cycle even with the flow separation.

Unstart coupling mechanism analysis of multiple-modules hypersonic inlet.

PubMed

Hu, Jichao; Chang, Juntao; Wang, Lei; Cao, Shibin; Bao, Wen

2013-01-01

The combination of multiplemodules in parallel manner is an important way to achieve the much higher thrust of scramjet engine. For the multiple-modules scramjet engine, when inlet unstarted oscillatory flow appears in a single-module engine due to high backpressure, how to interact with each module by massflow spillage, and whether inlet unstart occurs in other modules are important issues. The unstarted flowfield and coupling characteristic for a three-module hypersonic inlet caused by center module II and side module III were, conducted respectively. The results indicate that the other two hypersonic inlets are forced into unstarted flow when unstarted phenomenon appears on a single-module hypersonic inlet due to high backpressure, and the reversed flow in the isolator dominates the formation, expansion, shrinkage, and disappearance of the vortexes, and thus, it is the major factor of unstart coupling of multiple-modules hypersonic inlet. The coupling effect among multiple modules makes hypersonic inlet be more likely unstarted.

Effect of inlet disturbances on fan inlet noise during a static test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bekofske, K. L.; Sheer, R. E., Jr.; Wang, J. C. F.

1977-01-01

Measurements of fan rotor inlet noise taken during static test situations are at variance with aircraft engine flight data. In particular, static tests generally yield a significantly higher tone at blade passage frequency than that measured during flight. To explain this discrepancy, the extent of the influence of inlet ground vortices and large-scale inlet turbulence on the forward-radiated fan noise measured at a static test facility was investigated. While such inlet disturbances were generated intentionally in an anechoic test chamber, far-field acoustic measurements and inlet flow-field hot-film mappings of a fan rotor were obtained. Experimental results indicate that the acoustic effect of such disturbances appears to be less severe for supersonic than for subsonic tip speeds. Further, a reverse flow that occurs on the exterior cowl in static test facilities appears to be an additional prime candidate for creating inlet disturbances and causing variance between flight and static acoustic data.

Experimental Investigation of a Large-Scale Low-Boom Inlet Concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hirt, Stefanie M.; Chima, Rodrick V.; Vyas, Manan A.; Wayman, Thomas R.; Conners, Timothy R.; Reger, Robert W.

2011-01-01

A large-scale low-boom inlet concept was tested in the NASA Glenn Research Center 8- x 6- foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel. The purpose of this test was to assess inlet performance, stability and operability at various Mach numbers and angles of attack. During this effort, two models were tested: a dual stream inlet designed to mimic potential aircraft flight hardware integrating a high-flow bypass stream; and a single stream inlet designed to study a configuration with a zero-degree external cowl angle and to permit surface visualization of the vortex generator flow on the internal centerbody surface. During the course of the test, the low-boom inlet concept was demonstrated to have high recovery, excellent buzz margin, and high operability. This paper will provide an overview of the setup, show a brief comparison of the dual stream and single stream inlet results, and examine the dual stream inlet characteristics.

Investigation of the effects of inlet shapes on fan noise radiation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clark, T. L.; Slotboom, D. R.; Vaidya, P. G.

1981-01-01

The effect of inlet shape on forward radiated fan tone noise directivities was investigated under experimentally simplified zero flow conditions. Simulated fan tone noise was radiated to the far field through various shaped zero flow inlets. Baseline data were collected for the simplest baffled and unbaffled straight pipe inlets. These data compared well with prediction. The more general inlet shapes tested were the conical, circular, and exponential surfaces of revolution and an asymmetric inlet achieved by cutting a straight pipe inlet at an acute angle. Approximate theories were developed for these general shapes and some comparisons with data are presented. The conical and exponential shapes produced directivities that differed considerably from the baseline data while the circular shape produced directivities similar to the baseline data. The asymmetric inlet produced asymmetric directivities with significant reductions over the straight pipe data for some angles.

Containment vessel drain system

DOEpatents

Harris, Scott G.

2018-01-30

A system for draining a containment vessel may include a drain inlet located in a lower portion of the containment vessel. The containment vessel may be at least partially filled with a liquid, and the drain inlet may be located below a surface of the liquid. The system may further comprise an inlet located in an upper portion of the containment vessel. The inlet may be configured to insert pressurized gas into the containment vessel to form a pressurized region above the surface of the liquid, and the pressurized region may operate to apply a surface pressure that forces the liquid into the drain inlet. Additionally, a fluid separation device may be operatively connected to the drain inlet. The fluid separation device may be configured to separate the liquid from the pressurized gas that enters the drain inlet after the surface of the liquid falls below the drain inlet.

Modular fuel-cell stack assembly

DOEpatents

Patel, Pinakin

2010-07-13

A fuel cell assembly having a plurality of fuel cells arranged in a stack. An end plate assembly abuts the fuel cell at an end of said stack. The end plate assembly has an inlet area adapted to receive an exhaust gas from the stack, an outlet area and a passage connecting the inlet area and outlet area and adapted to carry the exhaust gas received at the inlet area from the inlet area to the outlet area. A further end plate assembly abuts the fuel cell at a further opposing end of the stack. The further end plate assembly has a further inlet area adapted to receive a further exhaust gas from the stack, a further outlet area and a further passage connecting the further inlet area and further outlet area and adapted to carry the further exhaust gas received at the further inlet area from the further inlet area to the further outlet area.

40 CFR 91.424 - Dilute sampling procedure-CVS calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... temperature at CVS pump inlet PTI °C ±1.11 °C Pressure depression at CVS pump inlet PPI kPa ±0.055 kPa...) Reset the restrictor valve to a more restricted condition in an increment of pump inlet depression that...=Absolute pump inlet pressure, kPa. =PP−PPI Where: PP=barometric pressure, kPa. PPI=Pump inlet depression, k...

40 CFR 91.424 - Dilute sampling procedure-CVS calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... temperature at CVS pump inlet PTI °C ±1.11 °C Pressure depression at CVS pump inlet PPI kPa ±0.055 kPa...) Reset the restrictor valve to a more restricted condition in an increment of pump inlet depression that...=Absolute pump inlet pressure, kPa. =PP−PPI Where: PP=barometric pressure, kPa. PPI=Pump inlet depression, k...

40 CFR 91.424 - Dilute sampling procedure-CVS calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... temperature at CVS pump inlet PTI °C ±1.11 °C Pressure depression at CVS pump inlet PPI kPa ±0.055 kPa...) Reset the restrictor valve to a more restricted condition in an increment of pump inlet depression that...=Absolute pump inlet pressure, kPa. =PP−PPI Where: PP=barometric pressure, kPa. PPI=Pump inlet depression, k...

40 CFR 91.424 - Dilute sampling procedure-CVS calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... temperature at CVS pump inlet PTI °C ±1.11 °C Pressure depression at CVS pump inlet PPI kPa ±0.055 kPa...) Reset the restrictor valve to a more restricted condition in an increment of pump inlet depression that...=Absolute pump inlet pressure, kPa. =PP−PPI Where: PP=barometric pressure, kPa. PPI=Pump inlet depression, k...

40 CFR 91.424 - Dilute sampling procedure-CVS calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... temperature at CVS pump inlet PTI °C ±1.11 °C Pressure depression at CVS pump inlet PPI kPa ±0.055 kPa...) Reset the restrictor valve to a more restricted condition in an increment of pump inlet depression that...=Absolute pump inlet pressure, kPa. =PP−PPI Where: PP=barometric pressure, kPa. PPI=Pump inlet depression, k...

An investigation of several NACA 1-series nose inlets with and without protruding central bodies at high-subsonic Mach numbers and at a Mach number of 1.2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pendley, Robert E; Robinson, Harold L

1950-01-01

An investigation of three NACA 1-series nose inlets, two of which were fitted with protruded central bodies, was conducted in the Langley 8-foot high-speed tunnel. An elliptical-nose body, which had a critical Mach number approximately equal to that of one of the nose inlets, was also tested. Tests were made near zero angle of attack for a Mach number range from 0.4 to 0.925 and for the supersonic Mach number of 1.2. The inlet-velocity-ratio range extended from zero to a maximum value of 1.34. Measurements included pressure distribution, external drag, and total-pressure loss of the internal flow near the inlet. Drag was not measured for the tests at the supersonic Mach number. Over the range of inlet-velocity ratio investigated, the calculated external pressure-drag coefficient at a Mach number of 1.2 was consecutively lower for the nose inlets of higher critical Mach number, and the pressure-drag coefficient of the longest nose inlet was in the range of pressure-drag coefficient for two solid noses of fineness ratio 2.4 and 6.0. For Mach numbers below the Mach number of the supercritical drag rise, extrapolation of the test data indicated that the external drag of the nose inlets was little affected by the addition of central bodies at or slightly below the minimum inlet-velocity ratio for unseparated central-body flow. The addition of central bodies to the nose inlets also led to no appreciable effects on either the Mach number of the supercritical drag rise, or, for inlet-velocity ratios high enough to avoid a pressure peak at the inlet lip, on the critical Mach number. The total-pressure recovery of the inlets tested, which were of a subsonic type, was sensibly unimpaired at the supersonic Mach number of 1.2 Low-speed measurements of the minimum inlet-velocity ratio for unseparated central-body flow appear to be applicable for Mach numbers extending to 1.2.

Chronostratigraphic Analysis of Geomorphic Features within the Former Sinepuxent Inlet: A Wave-Dominated Tidal Inlet along Assateague Island, MD, USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seminack, C.; McBride, R.; Petruny, L. M.

2017-12-01

The former Sinepuxent Inlet, located along the mixed-energy, wave-dominated Assateague Island, MD-VA, USA, contains some of the most robust recurved-spit ridges along the span of the barrier island. In addition, this former tidal inlet exhibits a poorly developed flood-tidal delta containing at least two sets of curvilinear ridges known as "washarounds". Historical maps and nautical charts indicate that the former Sinepuxent Inlet was open from 1755 to 1832. However, previous studies conducted at the former Sinepuxent Inlet hypothesized that the site was exposed to episodic breaching events because of the extensive width of the former inlet throat, constrained by the northern and southern recurved-spit ridges. A total of 16 sediment cores, 10 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) samples, and three 14C samples (mixed benthic foraminifera and eastern mud snail [Ilyanassa obsolete]) were collected from the former Sinepuxent Inlet to place morphostratigraphic units into a chronological context. Six OSL samples were collected from the northern and southern recurved-spit ridges at mean sea level (MSL) to constrain genesis ages. Southern recurved-spit ages varied more than their northern counterparts, ranging from 1640 to 1990 AD. The northern recurved-spit ridges varied in age from 1770 to 1900 AD. Two OSL samples collected from flood-tidal delta ridges yielded ages from 1680 to 2000 AD. In addition, two 14C samples collected at 128 and 101 cm below MSL within the inlet throat yielded ages between 1720 and post-1950 AD. Ultimately, these dates overlap with the inlet activity phase as indicated in historical documents. Conversely, two OSL samples (155 and 201 cm below MSL) and one 14C sample (134 cm below MSL) collected from the inlet throat returned ages between 760 and 1465 AD. The contrast in ages between the older inlet throat and subaerial ridge samples supports the hypothesis that the former Sinepuxent Inlet was reactivated numerous times. Thus, the three age groupings of geomorphic features (1. older inlet throat, 2. southern recurved-spit ridges & flood-tidal delta ridges, and 3. northern recurved-spit ridges & younger inlet throat) at the former Sinepuxent Inlet likely record the response of Assateague Island to at least three intense storms over the past 1,200 years.

A preliminary investigation of inlet unstart effects on a high-speed civil transport concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Domack, Christopher S.

1991-01-01

Vehicle motions resulting from a supersonic mixed-compression inlet unstart were examined to determine if the unstart constituted a hazard severe enough to warrant rejection of mixed-compression inlets on high-speed civil transport (HSCT) concepts. A simple kinematic analysis of an inlet unstart during cruise was performed for a Mach 2, 4, 250-passenger HSCT concept using data from a wind-tunnel test of a representative configuration with unstarted inlets simulated. A survey of previously published research on inlet unstart effects, including simulation and flight test data for the YF-12, XB-70, and Concorde aircraft, was conducted to validate the calculated results. It was concluded that, when countered by suitable automatic propulsion and flight control systems, the vehicle dynamics induced by an inlet unstart are not severe enough to preclude the use of mixed-compression inlets on an HSCT from a passenger safety standpoint. The ability to provide suitable automatic controls appears to be within the current state of the art. However, the passenger startle and discomfort caused by the noise, vibration, and cabin motions associated with an inlet unstart remain a concern.

High Reynolds Number Investigation of a Flush-Mounted, S-Duct Inlet With Large Amounts of Boundary Layer Ingestion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berrier, Bobby L.; Carter, Melissa B.; Allan, Brian G.

2005-01-01

An experimental investigation of a flush-mounted, S-duct inlet with large amounts of boundary layer ingestion has been conducted at Reynolds numbers up to full scale. The study was conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel. In addition, a supplemental computational study on one of the inlet configurations was conducted using the Navier-Stokes flow solver, OVERFLOW. Tests were conducted at Mach numbers from 0.25 to 0.83, Reynolds numbers (based on aerodynamic interface plane diameter) from 5.1 million to 13.9 million (full-scale value), and inlet mass-flow ratios from 0.29 to 1.22, depending on Mach number. Results of the study indicated that increasing Mach number, increasing boundary layer thickness (relative to inlet height) or ingesting a boundary layer with a distorted profile decreased inlet performance. At Mach numbers above 0.4, increasing inlet airflow increased inlet pressure recovery but also increased distortion. Finally, inlet distortion was found to be relatively insensitive to Reynolds number, but pressure recovery increased slightly with increasing Reynolds number.

The NASA Ames Hypersonic Combustor-Model Inlet CFD Simulations and Experimental Comparisons

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Venkatapathy, E.; Tokarcik-Polsky, S.; Deiwert, G. S.; Edwards, Thomas A. (Technical Monitor)

1995-01-01

Computations have been performed on a three-dimensional inlet associated with the NASA Ames combustor model for the hypersonic propulsion experiment in the 16-inch shock tunnel. The 3-dimensional inlet was designed to have the combustor inlet flow nearly two-dimensional and of sufficient mass flow necessary for combustion. The 16-inch shock tunnel experiment is a short duration test with test time of the order of milliseconds. The flow through the inlet is in chemical non-equilibrium. Two test entries have been completed and limited experimental results for the inlet region of the combustor-model are available. A number of CFD simulations, with various levels of simplifications such as 2-D simulations, 3-D simulations with and without chemical reactions, simulations with and without turbulent conditions, etc., have been performed. These simulations have helped determine the model inlet flow characteristics and the important factors that affect the combustor inlet flow and the sensitivity of the flow field to these simplifications. In the proposed paper, CFD modeling of the hypersonic inlet, results from the simulations and comparison with available experimental results will be presented.

Design of Modular, Shape-transitioning Inlets for a Conical Hypersonic Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gollan, Rowan J.; Smart, Michael K.

2010-01-01

For a hypersonic vehicle, propelled by scramjet engines, integration of the engines and airframe is highly desirable. Thus, the forward capture shape of the engine inlet should conform to the vehicle body shape. Furthermore, the use of modular engines places a constraint on the shape of the inlet sidewalls. Finally, one may desire a combustor cross- section shape that is different from that of the inlet. These shape constraints for the inlet can be accommodated by employing a streamline-tracing and lofting technique. This design technique was developed by Smart for inlets with a rectangular-to-elliptical shape transition. In this paper, we generalise that technique to produce inlets that conform to arbitrary shape requirements. As an example, we show the design of a body-integrated hypersonic inlet on a winged-cone vehicle, typical of what might be used in a three-stage orbital launch system. The special challenge of inlet design for this conical vehicle at an angle-of-attack is also discussed. That challenge is that the bow shock sits relatively close to the vehicle body.

Multi-tube fuel nozzle with mixing features

DOEpatents

Hughes, Michael John

2014-04-22

A system includes a multi-tube fuel nozzle having an inlet plate and a plurality of tubes adjacent the inlet plate. The inlet plate includes a plurality of apertures, and each aperture includes an inlet feature. Each tube of the plurality of tubes is coupled to an aperture of the plurality of apertures. The multi-tube fuel nozzle includes a differential configuration of inlet features among the plurality of tubes.

Spiral inlets for steam turbines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Škach, Radek; Uher, Jan

2017-09-01

This paper deals with the design process of special nozzle blades for spiral inlets. Spiral inlets are used for the first stages of high pressure and intermediate pressure steam turbines with both reaction and impulse blades when throttling or sliding pressure control is applied. They improve the steam flow uniformity from the inlet pipe and thus decrease the aerodynamic losses. The proposed evaluation of the inlet angle is based on the free vortex law.

Subsonic Scarf Inlets Investigated

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abbott, John M.

2005-01-01

A computational investigation is underway at the NASA Glenn Research Center to determine the aerodynamic performance of subsonic scarf inlets. These inlets are characterized as being longer over the lower portion of the inlet, as shown in the preceding figure. One of the key variables being investigated in the research is the circumferential extent of the longer portion of the inlet. It shows two specific geometries that are being examined: one in which the length of the inlet transitions from long-to-short over the full 180 deg. from bottom to top, and a second in which the length transitions over 67.5 deg.

Water-tunnel investigation of concepts for alleviation of adverse inlet spillage interactions with external stores

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Neuhart, Dan H.; Rhode, Matthew N.

1990-01-01

A test was conducted in the NASA Langley 16- by 24-Inch Water Tunnel to study alleviation of the adverse interactions of inlet spillage flow on the external stores of a fighter aircraft. A 1/48-scale model of a fighter aircraft was used to simulate the flow environment around the aircraft inlets and on the downstream underside of the fuselage. A controlled inlet mass flow was simulated by drawing water into the inlets. Various flow control devices were used on the underside of the aircraft model to manipulate the vortical inlet spillage flow.

Evaluation of road approaches to four different types of stream crossings in the Virginia Piedmont

Treesearch

Matthew B. Carroll; W. Michael Aust; C. Andrew Dolloff; Robert M. Shaffer

2013-01-01

Erosion potential was estimated for road approaches during 4 phases of a timber harvesting scheduled for 23 stream crossings in the Virginia Piedmont. The objectives of this study were to: (1) examine four different types of stream crossing structures (steel bridges, pole bridges, standard culverts, and reenforced fords) in order to determine if the type of stream...

The effects of stream crossings on total suspended sediment in North Carolina Piedmont forests

Treesearch

Johnny Boggs; Ge Sun; Steve McNulty

2017-01-01

This study determined total suspended sediment (TSS) at six stream crossings that represented a range of site conditions and forest operations in the Piedmont of North Carolina. Two wood and three steel bridgemats and one culvert were installed to cross the streams. The road classes for the crossings included four temporary skid trails and two permanent forest haul...

16. Wayne Chandler, Photographer, May 2000 Photographic copy of engineering ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. Wayne Chandler, Photographer, May 2000 Photographic copy of engineering drawings, dated 1915, by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Drawing in possession of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. Filling and emptying culvert butterfly valve and hydraulic piston. - St. Mary's Falls Canal, Soo Locks, Sabin Lock Subcomplex, Sabin Lock, St. Mary's River at Falls, Sault Ste. Marie, Chippewa County, MI

9. Wayne Chandler, Photographer, May 2000 Photographic copy of engineering ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Wayne Chandler, Photographer, May 2000 Photographic copy of engineering drawings, dated 1912, by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Drawing in possession of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. Filling and emptying culvert butterfly valve and hydraulic piston. - St. Mary's Falls Canal, Soo Locks, Davis Lock Subcomplex, Davis Lock, St. Mary's River at Falls, Sault Ste. Marie, Chippewa County, MI

Watts Bar Lock Valve Model Study

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-01

stream of the valve, and cavitation potential for various valve openings. Design modifications to improve performance were to be recommended. The...operation schedule to avoid gate openings with cavitation problems. This report provides results of the recent model experiments performed on the...the mid range openings. The noise is caused by cavitation in the culvert downstream of the filling valves. The vapor cavities that form from the low

Cavitation in centrifugal pump with rotating walls of axial inlet device

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moloshnyi, O.; Sotnyk, M.

2017-08-01

The article deals with the analysis of cavitation processes in the flowing part of the double entry centrifugal pump. The analysis is conducted using numerical modeling of the centrifugal pump operating process in the software environment ANSYS CFX. Two models of the axial inlet device is researched. It is shaped by a cylindrical section and diffuser section in front of the impeller, which includes fairing. The walls of the axial inlet device rotate with the same speed as the pump rotor. The numerical experiment is conducted under the condition of the flow rate change and absolute pressure at the inlet. The analysis shows that the pump has the average statistical cavitation performance. The occurrence of the cavitation in the axial inlet device is after narrowing the cross-section of flow channel and at the beginning of the diffuser section. Additional sudden expansion at the outlet of the axial inlet diffuser section does not affect the cavitation characteristics of the impeller, however, improves cavitation characteristics of the axial inlet device. For considered geometric parameters of the axial inlet device the cavitation in the impeller begins earlier than in the axial inlet device. That is, the considered design of the axial inlet device will not be subjected to destruction at the ensuring operation without cavitation in the impeller.

Shock Position Control for Mode Transition in a Turbine Based Combined Cycle Engine Inlet Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Csank, Jeffrey T.; Stueber, Thomas J.

2013-01-01

A dual flow-path inlet for a turbine based combined cycle (TBCC) propulsion system is to be tested in order to evaluate methodologies for performing a controlled inlet mode transition. Prior to experimental testing, simulation models are used to test, debug, and validate potential control algorithms which are designed to maintain shock position during inlet disturbances. One simulation package being used for testing is the High Mach Transient Engine Cycle Code simulation, known as HiTECC. This paper discusses the development of a mode transition schedule for the HiTECC simulation that is analogous to the development of inlet performance maps. Inlet performance maps, derived through experimental means, describe the performance and operability of the inlet as the splitter closes, switching power production from the turbine engine to the Dual Mode Scram Jet. With knowledge of the operability and performance tradeoffs, a closed loop system can be designed to optimize the performance of the inlet. This paper demonstrates the design of the closed loop control system and benefit with the implementation of a Proportional-Integral controller, an H-Infinity based controller, and a disturbance observer based controller; all of which avoid inlet unstart during a mode transition with a simulated disturbance that would lead to inlet unstart without closed loop control.

High Reynolds Number Investigation of a Flush Mounted, S-Duct Inlet With Large Amounts of Boundary Layer Ingestion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berrier, Bobby L.; Carter, Melissa B.; Allan, Brian G.

2005-01-01

An experimental investigation of a flush-mounted, S-duct inlet with large amounts of boundary layer ingestion has been conducted at Reynolds numbers up to full scale. The study was conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel. In addition, a supplemental computational study on one of the inlet configurations was conducted using the Navier-Stokes flow solver, OVERFLOW. Tests were conducted at Mach numbers from 0.25 to 0.83, Reynolds numbers (based on aerodynamic interface plane diameter) from 5.1 million to 13.9 million (full-scale value), and inlet mass-flow ratios from 0.29 to 1.22, depending on Mach number. Results of the study indicated that increasing Mach number, increasing boundary layer thickness (relative to inlet height) or ingesting a boundary layer with a distorted profile decreased inlet performance. At Mach numbers above 0.4, increasing inlet airflow increased inlet pressure recovery but also increased distortion. Finally, inlet distortion was found to be relatively insensitive to Reynolds number, but pressure recovery increased slightly with increasing Reynolds number.This CD-ROM supplement contains inlet data including: Boundary layer data, Duct static pressure data, performance-AIP (fan face) data, Photos, Tunnel wall P-PTO data and definitions.

Experimental and analytical evaluation of the effects of simulated engine inlets on the blade vibratory stresses of the SR-3 model prop-fan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bansal, Prem N.

1985-01-01

A cooperative wind tunnel test program, referred to as GUN-3, had been conducted previously to assess the effect of inlet configuration and location on the inlet face pressure recovery and inlet drag in the presence of a high-speed advanced turboprop. These tests were conducted with the inlets located just downstream of the SR-3 model Prop-Fan, a moderately swept, eight-bladed 62.2 cm (24.5 inch) diameter advanced, high-speed turboprop model fabricated from titanium. During these tests, two blades of the SR-3 model Prop-Fan were strain gaged to measure the vibratory blade stresses occurring during the inlet aerodynamic test program. The purpose of the effort reported herein was to reduce and analyze the test results related to the vibratory strain gage measurements obtained. Three inlet configurations had been tested. These were: (1) single scoop, (2) twin scoop, and (3) annular. Each of the three inlets was tested at a position just behind the rotor. The single scoop inlet was also tested at a position further aft. Tests were also done without an inlet. These results emphasize the importance of avoiding critical speeds in the continuous operating range.

CFD Models of a Serpentine Inlet, Fan, and Nozzle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chima, R. V.; Arend, D. J.; Castner, R. S.; Slater, J. W.; Truax, P. P.

2010-01-01

Several computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes were used to analyze the Versatile Integrated Inlet Propulsion Aerodynamics Rig (VIIPAR) located at NASA Glenn Research Center. The rig consists of a serpentine inlet, a rake assembly, inlet guide vanes, a 12-in. diameter tip-turbine driven fan stage, exit rakes or probes, and an exhaust nozzle with a translating centerbody. The analyses were done to develop computational capabilities for modeling inlet/fan interaction and to help interpret experimental data. Three-dimensional Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) calculations of the fan stage were used to predict the operating line of the stage, the effects of leakage from the turbine stream, and the effects of inlet guide vane (IGV) setting angle. Coupled axisymmetric calculations of a bellmouth, fan, and nozzle were used to develop techniques for coupling codes together and to investigate possible effects of the nozzle on the fan. RANS calculations of the serpentine inlet were coupled to Euler calculations of the fan to investigate the complete inlet/fan system. Computed wall static pressures along the inlet centerline agreed reasonably well with experimental data but computed total pressures at the aerodynamic interface plane (AIP) showed significant differences from the data. Inlet distortion was shown to reduce the fan corrected flow and pressure ratio, and was not completely eliminated by passage through the fan

An Investigation of the Drag and Pressure Recovery of a Submerged Inlet and a Nose Inlet in the Transonic Flight Range with Free-fall Models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Selna, James; Schlaff, Bernard A

1951-01-01

The drag and pressure recovery of an NACA submerged-inlet model and an NACA series I nose-inlet model were investigated in the transonic flight range. The tests were conducted over a mass-flow-ratio range of 0.4 to 0.8 and a Mach number range of about 0.8 to 1.10 employing large-scale recoverable free-fall models. The results indicate that the Mach number of drag divergence of the inlet models was about the same as that of a basic model without inlets. The external drag coefficients of the nose-inlet model were less than those of the submerged-inlet model throughout the test range. The difference in drag coefficient based on the maximum cross-sectional area of the models was about 0.02 at supersonic speeds and about 0.015 at subsonic speeds. For a hypothetical airplane with a ratio of maximum fuselage cross-sectional area to wing area of 0.06, the difference in airplane drag coefficient would be relatively small, about 0.0012 at supersonic speeds and about 0.0009 at subsonic speeds. Additional drag comparisons between the two inlet models are made considering inlet incremental and additive drag.

Numerical Modeling of Flow Control in a Boundary-Layer-Ingesting Offset Inlet Diffuser at Transonic Mach Numbers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allan, Brian G.; Owens, Lewis R.

2006-01-01

This paper will investigate the validation of the NASA developed, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) flow solver, OVERFLOW, for a boundary-layer-ingesting (BLI) offset (S-shaped) inlet in transonic flow with passive and active flow control devices as well as a baseline case. Numerical simulations are compared to wind tunnel results of a BLI inlet experiment conducted at the NASA Langley 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel. Comparisons of inlet flow distortion, pressure recovery, and inlet wall pressures are performed. The numerical simulations are compared to the BLI inlet data at a free-stream Mach number of 0.85 and a Reynolds number of approximately 2 million based on the fanface diameter. The numerical simulations with and without tunnel walls are performed, quantifying tunnel wall effects on the BLI inlet flow. A comparison is made between the numerical simulations and the BLI inlet experiment for the baseline and VG vane cases at various inlet mass flow rates. A comparison is also made to a BLI inlet jet configuration for varying actuator mass flow rates at a fixed inlet mass flow rate. Overall, the numerical simulations were able to predict the baseline circumferential flow distortion, DPCP avg, very well within the designed operating range of the BLI inlet. A comparison of the average total pressure recovery showed that the simulations were able to predict the trends but had a negative 0.01 offset when compared to the experimental levels. Numerical simulations of the baseline inlet flow also showed good agreement with the experimental inlet centerline surface pressures. The vane case showed that the CFD predicted the correct trends in the circumferential distortion levels for varying inlet mass flow but had a distortion level that was nearly twice as large as the experiment. Comparison to circumferential distortion measurements for a 15 deg clocked 40 probe rake indicated that the circumferential distortion levels are very sensitive to the symmetry of the flow and that a misalignment of the vanes in the experiment could have resulted in this difference. The numerical simulations of the BLI inlet with jets showed good agreement with the circumferential inlet distortion levels for a range of jet actuator mass flow ratios at a fixed inlet mass flow rate. The CFD simulations for the jet case also predicted an average total pressure recovery offset that was 0.01 lower than the experiment as was seen in the baseline. Comparisons of the flow features for the jet cases revealed that the CFD predicted a much larger vortex at the engine fan-face when compare to the experiment.

Controls on sediment cover in bedrock-alluvial channels of the Henry Mountains, Utah

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hodge, R. A.; Yager, E.; Johnson, J. P.; Tranmer, A.

2017-12-01

The location and extent of sediment cover in bedrock-alluvial channels influences sediment transport rates, channel incision and instream ecology. However, factors affecting sediment cover and how it responds to changes in relative sediment supply have rarely been quantitatively evaluated in field settings. Using field surveys and SFM analysis of channel reach topography, we quantified sediment cover and channel properties including slope, width, grain size distributions, and bedrock and alluvial roughness in North Wash and Chelada Creek in the Henry Mountains, Utah. Along reaches where upstream sediment supply does not appear to be restricted, we find that the fraction of local bedrock exposure increases as a function of local relative transport capacity . In a downstream section of Chelada Creek, decadal-scale sediment supply has been restricted by an upstream culvert that has caused a backwater effect and corresponding upstream deposition. In this section, alluvial cover is uncorrelated with local stream power. To test the impact of relative sediment supply on sediment cover, a 1D sediment transport model was used to predict the equilibrium sediment cover in Chelada Creek under varying flow and sediment supply conditions. Sediment transport in each model section was predicted using the partial cover model of Johnson (2015), which accounts for differences in bedrock and alluvial roughness on critical shear stress and flow resistance. Model runs in which sediment supply was approximately equal to mean transport capacity produced a pattern of sediment cover which best matched the field observations upstream of the culvert. However, runs where sediment supply was under-capacity produced the pattern most similar to field observations downstream of the culvert, consistent with our field-based interpretations. Model results were insensitive to initial sediment cover, and equilibrium was relatively quickly reached, suggesting that the channel is responsive to changes in imposed conditions. Overall, our results suggest that alluvial cover fractions may be predictable at spatial scales relevant for landscape evolution modelling, but that local bed roughness and thresholds in relative sediment supply may need to be accounted for.

Evaluation of Floodplain Modifications to Reduce the Effect of Floods Using a Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Model of the Flint River at Albany, Georgia

USGS Publications Warehouse

Musser, Jonathan W.

2008-01-01

Potential flow characteristics of future flooding along a 4.8-mile reach of the Flint River in Albany, Georgia, were simulated using recent digital-elevation-model data and the U.S. Geological Survey finite-element surface-water modeling system for two-dimensional flow in the horizontal plane (FESWMS-2DH). The model was run at four water-surface altitudes at the Flint River at Albany streamgage (02352500): 181.5-foot (ft) altitude with a flow of 61,100 cubic feet per second (ft3/s), 184.5-ft altitude with a flow of 75,400 ft3/s, 187.5-ft altitude with a flow of 91,700 ft3/s, and 192.5-ft altitude with a flow of 123,000 ft3/s. The model was run to measure changes in inundated areas and water-surface altitudes for eight scenarios of possible modifications to the 4.8-mile reach on the Flint River. The eight scenarios include removing a human-made peninsula located downstream from Oglethorpe Boulevard, increasing the opening under the Oakridge Drive bridge, adding culverts to the east Oakridge Drive bridge approach, adding culverts to the east and west Oakridge Drive bridge approaches, adding an overflow across the oxbow north of Oakridge Drive, making the overflow into a channel, removing the Oakridge Drive bridge, and adding a combination of an oxbow overflow and culverts on both Oakridge Drive bridge approaches. The modeled inundation and water-surface altitude changes were mapped for use in evaluating the river modifications. The most effective scenario at reducing inundated area was the combination scenario. At the 187.5-ft altitude, the inundated area decreased from 4.24 square miles to 4.00 square miles. The remove-peninsula scenario was the least effective with a reduction in inundated area of less than 0.01 square miles. In all scenarios, the inundated area reduction increased with water-surface altitude, peaking at the 187.5-ft altitude. The inundated area reduction then decreased at the gage altitude of 192.5 ft.

An experimental study of the effects of bodyside compression on forward swept sidewall compression inlets ingesting a turbulent boundary layer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rodi, Patrick E.

1993-01-01

Forward swept sidewall compression inlets have been tested in the Mach 4 Blowdown Facility at the NASA Langley Research Center to study the effects of bodyside compression surfaces on inlet performance in the presence of an incoming turbulent boundary layer. The measurements include mass flow capture and mean surface pressure distributions obtained during simulated combustion pressure increases downstream of the inlet. The kerosene-lampblack surface tracer technique has been used to obtain patterns of the local wall shear stress direction. Inlet performance is evaluated using starting and unstarting characteristics, mass capture, mean surface pressure distributions and permissible back pressure limits. The results indicate that inlet performance can be improved with selected bodyside compression surfaces placed between the inlet sidewalls.

Terminal shock position and restart control of a Mach 2.7, two-dimensional, twin duct mixed compression inlet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cole, G. L.; Neiner, G. H.; Baumbick, R. J.

1973-01-01

Experimental results of terminal shock and restart control system tests of a two-dimensional, twin-duct mixed compression inlet are presented. High-response (110-Hz bandwidth) overboard bypass doors were used, both as the variable to control shock position and as the means of disturbing the inlet airflow. An inherent instability in inlet shock position resulted in noisy feedback signals and thus restricted the terminal shock position control performance that was achieved. Proportional-plus-integral type controllers using either throat exit static pressure or shock position sensor feedback gave adequate low-frequency control. The inlet restart control system kept the terminal shock control loop closed throughout the unstart-restart transient. The capability to restart the inlet was non limited by the inlet instability.

Computational effects of inlet representation on powered hypersonic, airbreathing models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huebner, Lawrence D.; Tatum, Kenneth E.

1993-01-01

Computational results are presented to illustrate the powered aftbody effects of representing the scramjet inlet on a generic hypersonic vehicle with a fairing, to divert the external flow, as compared to an operating flow-through scramjet inlet. This study is pertinent to the ground testing of hypersonic, airbreathing models employing scramjet exhaust flow simulation in typical small-scale hypersonic wind tunnels. The comparison of aftbody effects due to inlet representation is well-suited for computational study, since small model size typically precludes the ability to ingest flow into the inlet and perform exhaust simulation at the same time. Two-dimensional analysis indicates that, although flowfield differences exist for the two types of inlet representations, little, if any, difference in surface aftbody characteristics is caused by fairing over the inlet.

Method of making a small inlet optical panel

DOEpatents

Veligdan, James T.; Slobodin, David E.

2004-02-03

An optical panel having a small inlet, and a method of making a small inlet optical panel, are disclosed, which optical panel includes a individually coating, stacking, and cutting a first plurality of stacked optical waveguides to form an outlet face body with an outlet face, individually coating, stacking, and cutting a second plurality of stacked optical waveguides to form an inlet face body with an inlet face, and connecting an optical coupling element to the first plurality and second plurality of stacked optical waveguides, wherein the optical coupling element redirects light along a parallel axis of the inlet face to a parallel axis of the outlet face. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inlet face is disposed obliquely with and askew from the outlet face.

Terminal-shock and restart control of a Mach 2.5, axisymmetric, mixed compression inlet with 40 percent internal contraction. [wind tunnel tests

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baumbick, R. J.

1974-01-01

Results of experimental tests conducted on a supersonic, mixed-compression, axisymmetric inlet are presented. The inlet is designed for operation at Mach 2.5 with a turbofan engine (TF-30). The inlet was coupled to either a choked orifice plate or a long duct which had a variable-area choked exit plug. Closed-loop frequency responses of selected diffuser static pressures used in the terminal-shock control system are presented. Results are shown for Mach 2.5 conditions with the inlet coupled to either the choked orifice plate or the long duct. Inlet unstart-restart traces are also presented. High-response inlet bypass doors were used to generate an internal disturbance and also to achieve terminal-shock control.

Development of Wing Inlets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Racisz, Stanley F.

1946-01-01

Lift, drag, internal flow, and pressure distribution measurements were made on a low-drag airfoil incorporating various air inlet designs. Two leading-edge air inlets are developed which feature higher lift coefficients and critical Mach than the basic airfoil. Higher lift coefficients and critical speeds are obtained for leading half of these inlet sections but because of high suction pressures near exist, slightly lower critical speeds are obtained for the entire inlet section than the basic airfoil.

46 CFR 7.45 - Cape Henlopen, DE to Cape Charles, VA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... extremity of Indian River Inlet North Jetty to latitude 38°36.5′ N. longitude 75°02.8′ W. (Indian River Inlet Lighted Gong Buoy “1”); thence to Indian River Inlet South Jetty Light. (b) A line drawn from Ocean City Inlet Light “6” to latitude 38°19.4′ N. longitude 75°05.0′ W. (Ocean City Inlet Entrance...

Effects of inlet flow field conditions on the performance of centrifugal compressor diffusers: Part 1 -- Discrete-passage diffuser

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Filipenco, V.G.; Deniz, S.; Johnston, J.M.

2000-01-01

This is Part 1 of a two-part paper considering the performance of radial diffusers for use in a high-performance centrifugal compressor. Part 1 reports on discrete-passage diffusers, while Part 2 describes a test of a straight-channel diffuser designed for equivalent duty. Two builds of discrete-passage diffuser were tested, with 30 and 38 separate passages. Both the 30 and 38 passage diffusers investigated showed comparable range of unstalled operation and similar level of overall diffuser pressure recovery. The paper concentrates on the influence of inlet flow conditions on the pressure recovery and operating range of radial diffusers for centrifugal compressor stages.more » The flow conditions examined include diffuser inlet Mach number, flow angle, blockage, and axial flow nonuniformity. The investigation was carried out in a specially built test facility, designed to provide a controlled inlet flow field to the test diffusers. The facility can provide a wide range of diffuser inlet velocity profile distortion and skew with Mach numbers up to unity and flow angles of 63 to 75 deg from the radical direction. The consequences of different averaging methods for the inlet total pressure distributions, which are needed in the definition of diffuser pressure recovery coefficient for nonuniform diffuser inlet conditions, were also assessed. The overall diffuser pressure recovery coefficient, based on suitably averaged inlet total pressure, was found to correlate well with the momentum-averaged flow angle into the diffuser. It is shown that the generally accepted sensitivity of diffuser pressure recovery performance to inlet flow distortion and boundary layer blockage can be largely attributed to inappropriate quantification of the average dynamic pressure at diffuser inlet. Use of an inlet dynamic pressure based on availability or mass-averaging in combination with definition of inlet flow angle based on mass average of the radial and tangential velocity at diffuser inlet removes this sensitivity.« less

Analytical investigation of chord size and cooling methods on turbine blade cooling requirements. Book 1: Sections 1 through 8 and appendixes A through I

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Faulkner, F. E.

1971-01-01

A study was conducted to determine the effect of chord size on air cooled turbine blades. In the preliminary design phase, eight turbine blade cooling configurations in 0.75-in., 1.0-in., and 1.5-in. chord sizes were analyzed to determine the maximum turbine inlet temperature capabilities. A pin fin convection cooled configuration and a film-impingement cooled configuration were selected for a final design analysis in which the maximum turbine inlet temperature was determined as a function of the cooling air inlet temperature and the turbine inlet total pressure for each of the three chord sizes. The cooling air flow requirements were also determined for a varying cooling air inlet temperature with a constant turbine inlet temperature. It was determined that allowable turbine inlet temperature increases with increasing chord for the convection cooled and transpiration cooled designs, however, the film-convection cooled designs did not have a significant change in turbine inlet temperature with chord.

Study of Gas Solid Flow Characteristics in Cyclone Inlet Ducts of A300Mwe CFB Boiler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, J. Y.; Lu, X. F.; Lai, J.; Liu, H. Z.

Gas solid flow characteristics in cyclone's inlet duct of a 300MW CFB boiler were studied in a cold circulating fluidized bed (CFB) experimental setup according to a 410t/h CFB boiler with a scale of 10∶1. Tracer particles were adopted in the experiment and their motion trajectories in the two kinds of cyclone's inlet ducts were photographed by a high-speed camera. By analyzing the motion trajectories of tracer particles, acceleration performance of particle phases in the two inlet ducts was obtained. Results indicate that the acceleration performance of particles in the long inlet duct is better than that in the short inlet duct, but the pressure drop of the long inlet duct is higher. Meanwhile, under the same operating conditions, both the separation efficiency and the pressure drop of the cyclone are higher when the cyclone is connected with the long inlet duct. Figs 11, Tabs 4 and refs 10.

Unstart Coupling Mechanism Analysis of Multiple-Modules Hypersonic Inlet

PubMed Central

Wang, Lei; Cao, Shibin

2013-01-01

The combination of multiplemodules in parallel manner is an important way to achieve the much higher thrust of scramjet engine. For the multiple-modules scramjet engine, when inlet unstarted oscillatory flow appears in a single-module engine due to high backpressure, how to interact with each module by massflow spillage, and whether inlet unstart occurs in other modules are important issues. The unstarted flowfield and coupling characteristic for a three-module hypersonic inlet caused by center module II and side module III were, conducted respectively. The results indicate that the other two hypersonic inlets are forced into unstarted flow when unstarted phenomenon appears on a single-module hypersonic inlet due to high backpressure, and the reversed flow in the isolator dominates the formation, expansion, shrinkage, and disappearance of the vortexes, and thus, it is the major factor of unstart coupling of multiple-modules hypersonic inlet. The coupling effect among multiple modules makes hypersonic inlet be more likely unstarted. PMID:24348146

A new approach for the design of hypersonic scramjet inlets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raj, N. Om Prakash; Venkatasubbaiah, K.

2012-08-01

A new methodology has been developed for the design of hypersonic scramjet inlets using gas dynamic relations. The approach aims to find the optimal inlet geometry which has maximum total pressure recovery at a prescribed design free stream Mach number. The design criteria for inlet is chosen as shock-on-lip condition which ensures maximum capture area and minimum intake length. Designed inlet geometries are simulated using computational fluid dynamics analysis. The effects of 1D, 2D inviscid and viscous effects on performance of scramjet inlet are reported here. A correction factor in inviscid design is reported for viscous effects to obtain shock-on-lip condition. A parametric study is carried out for the effect of Mach number at the beginning of isolator for the design of scramjet inlets. Present results show that 2D and viscous effects are significant on performance of scramjet inlet. Present simulation results are matching very well with the experimental results available from the literature.

Classifier utility modeling and analysis of hypersonic inlet start/unstart considering training data costs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Juntao; Hu, Qinghua; Yu, Daren; Bao, Wen

2011-11-01

Start/unstart detection is one of the most important issues of hypersonic inlets and is also the foundation of protection control of scramjet. The inlet start/unstart detection can be attributed to a standard pattern classification problem, and the training sample costs have to be considered for the classifier modeling as the CFD numerical simulations and wind tunnel experiments of hypersonic inlets both cost time and money. To solve this problem, the CFD simulation of inlet is studied at first step, and the simulation results could provide the training data for pattern classification of hypersonic inlet start/unstart. Then the classifier modeling technology and maximum classifier utility theories are introduced to analyze the effect of training data cost on classifier utility. In conclusion, it is useful to introduce support vector machine algorithms to acquire the classifier model of hypersonic inlet start/unstart, and the minimum total cost of hypersonic inlet start/unstart classifier can be obtained by the maximum classifier utility theories.

Ram-recovery Characteristics of NACA Submerged Inlets at High Subsonic Speeds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, Charles F; Frank, Joseph L

1948-01-01

Results are presented of an experimental investigation of the characteristics of NACA submerged inlets on a model of a fighter airplane for Mach numbers from 0.30 to 0.875. The effects on the ram-recovery ratio at the inlets of Mach number, angle of attack, boundary-layer thickness on the fuselage, inlet location, and boundary-layer deflectors are shown. The data indicate only a slight decrease in ram-recovery ratio for the inlets ahead of or just behind the wing leading edge as Mach number increased, but showed large decreases at high Mach numbers for the inlets aft of the point of maximum thickness of the wing.

A Combined Experimental/Computational Investigation of a Rocket Based Combined Cycle Inlet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smart, Michael K.; Trexler, Carl A.; Goldman, Allen L.

2001-01-01

A rocket based combined cycle inlet geometry has undergone wind tunnel testing and computational analysis with Mach 4 flow at the inlet face. Performance parameters obtained from the wind tunnel tests were the mass capture, the maximum back-pressure, and the self-starting characteristics of the inlet. The CFD analysis supplied a confirmation of the mass capture, the inlet efficiency and the details of the flowfield structure. Physical parameters varied during the test program were cowl geometry, cowl position, body-side bleed magnitude and ingested boundary layer thickness. An optimum configuration was determined for the inlet as a result of this work.

Apparatus for purifying exhaust gases of internal combustion engines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kakinuma, A.; Oya, H.

1980-06-03

Apparatus for purifying the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines is disclosed that is comprised of a pair of upstream exhaust pipes, a catalytic converter, and a downstream exhaust pipe. The catalytic converter comprises a cylindrical shell having an inlet chamber, a catalyst chamber, an outlet chamber, and a monolithic catalyst element in the catalyst chamber. The inlet chamber has inlet ports communicating with the upstream exhaust pipes respectively and axial lines of the inlet ports cross each other in the inlet chamber. In the inlet chamber, a diffusion means is provided to diffuse the exhaust gas for uniformly distributingmore » it to the catalyst element.« less

Analysis of results from wind tunnel tests of inlets for an advanced turboprop nacelle installation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hancock, J. P.; Lyman, V.; Pennock, A. P.

1986-01-01

Inlets for tractor installations of advanced turboprop propulsion systems were tested in three phases, covering a period from November, 1982 to January, 1984. Nacelle inlet configuration types included single scoop, twin scoop, and annular arrangements. Tests were performed with and without boundary layer diverters and several different diverter heights were tested for the single scoop inlet. This same inlet was also tested at two different axial positions. Test Mach numbers ranged from Mach 0.20 to 0.80. Types of data taken were: (1) internal and external pressures, including inlet throat recoveries; (2) balance forces, including thrust-minus-drag; and (3) propellar blade stresses.

External-Compression Supersonic Inlet Design Code

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Slater, John W.

2011-01-01

A computer code named SUPIN has been developed to perform aerodynamic design and analysis of external-compression, supersonic inlets. The baseline set of inlets include axisymmetric pitot, two-dimensional single-duct, axisymmetric outward-turning, and two-dimensional bifurcated-duct inlets. The aerodynamic methods are based on low-fidelity analytical and numerical procedures. The geometric methods are based on planar geometry elements. SUPIN has three modes of operation: 1) generate the inlet geometry from a explicit set of geometry information, 2) size and design the inlet geometry and analyze the aerodynamic performance, and 3) compute the aerodynamic performance of a specified inlet geometry. The aerodynamic performance quantities includes inlet flow rates, total pressure recovery, and drag. The geometry output from SUPIN includes inlet dimensions, cross-sectional areas, coordinates of planar profiles, and surface grids suitable for input to grid generators for analysis by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. The input data file for SUPIN and the output file from SUPIN are text (ASCII) files. The surface grid files are output as formatted Plot3D or stereolithography (STL) files. SUPIN executes in batch mode and is available as a Microsoft Windows executable and Fortran95 source code with a makefile for Linux.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aceves, Salvador M.; Ledesma-Orozco, Elias Rigoberto; Espinosa-Loza, Francisco

A pressure vessel apparatus for cryogenic capable storage of hydrogen or other cryogenic gases at high pressure includes an insert with a parallel inlet duct, a perpendicular inlet duct connected to the parallel inlet. The perpendicular inlet duct and the parallel inlet duct connect the interior cavity with the external components. The insert also includes a parallel outlet duct and a perpendicular outlet duct connected to the parallel outlet duct. The perpendicular outlet duct and the parallel outlet duct connect the interior cavity with the external components.

Aerothermodynamic flow phenomena of the airframe-integrated supersonic combustion ramjet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walton, James T.

1992-01-01

The unique component flow phenomena is discussed of the airframe-integrated supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjet) in a format geared towards new players in the arena of hypersonic propulsion. After giving an overview of the scramjet aerothermodynamic cycle, the characteristics are then covered individually of the vehicle forebody, inlet, combustor, and vehicle afterbody/nozzle. Attention is given to phenomena such as inlet speeding, inlet starting, inlet spillage, fuel injection, thermal choking, and combustor-inlet interaction.

Apparatus and Method for Measuring Air Temperature Ahead of an Aircraft for Controlling a Variable Inlet/Engine Assembly

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gary, Bruce L. (Inventor)

2001-01-01

The apparatus and method employ remote sensing to measure the air temperature a sufficient distance ahead of the aircraft to allow time for a variable inlet/engine assembly to be reconfigured in response to the measured temperature, to avoid inlet unstart and/or engine compressor stall. In one embodiment, the apparatus of the invention has a remote sensor for measuring at least one air temperature ahead of the vehicle and an inlet control system for varying the inlet. The remote sensor determines a change in temperature value using at least one temperature measurement and prior temperature measurements corresponding to the location of the aircraft. The control system uses the change in air temperature value to vary the inlet configuration to maintain the position of the shock wave during the arrival of the measured air in the inlet. In one embodiment, the method of the invention includes measuring at least one air temperature ahead of the vehicle, determining an air temperature at the vehicle from prior air temperature measurements, determining a change in temperature value using the air temperature at the vehicle and the at least one air temperature measurement ahead of the vehicle, and using the change in temperature value to-reposition the airflow inlet, to cause the shock wave to maintain substantially the same position within the inlet as the airflow temperature changes within the inlet.

Compression-ignition Engine Performance at Altitudes and at Various Air Pressures and Temperatures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, Charles S; Collins, John H

1937-01-01

Engine test results are presented for simulated altitude conditions. A displaced-piston combustion chamber on a 5- by 7-inch single cylinder compression-ignition engine operating at 2,000 r.p.m. was used. Inlet air temperature equivalent to standard altitudes up to 14,000 feet were obtained. Comparison between performance at altitude of the unsupercharged compression-ignition engine compared favorably with the carburetor engine. Analysis of the results for which the inlet air temperature, inlet air pressure, and inlet and exhaust pressure were varied indicates that engine performance cannot be reliably corrected on the basis of inlet air density or weight of air charge. Engine power increases with inlet air pressure and decreases with inlet air temperatures very nearly as straight line relations over a wide range of air-fuel ratios. Correction factors are given.

Design of a very-low-bleed Mach 2.5 mixed-compression inlet with 45 percent internal contraction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wasserbauer, J. F.; Shaw, R. J.; Neumann, H. E.

1975-01-01

A full-scale, mixed-compression inlet was designed for operation with the TF30-P-3 turbofan engine and tested at Mach numbers of 2.5 and 2.0. The two-cone axisymmetric inlet had minimum internal contraction consistent with high total pressure recovery and low cowl drag. At Mach 2.5, inlet recovery was 0.906 with only 0.021 centerbody bleed mass-flow ratio and no cowl bleed. Increased centerbody bleed gave a maximum inlet unstart angle of attack of 6.85 deg. At Mach 2.0, inlet recovery was 0.94 with only 0.014 centerbody bleed mass-flow ratio and no cowl bleed. Inlet performance and angle-of-attack tolerance is presented for operation at Mach numbers of 2.5 and 2.0.

The Influence of Directed Air Flow on Combustion in Spark-Ignition Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rothrock, A M; Spencer, R C

1939-01-01

The air movement within the cylinder of the NACA combustion apparatus was regulated by using shrouded inlet valves and by fairing the inlet passage. Rates of combustion were determined at different inlet-air velocities with the engine speed maintained constant and at different engine speeds with the inlet-air velocity maintained approximately constant. The rate of combustion increased when the engine speed was doubled without changing the inlet-air velocity; the observed increase was about the same as the increase in the rate of combustion obtained by doubling the inlet-air velocity without changing the engine speed. Certain types of directed air movement gave great improvement in the reproducibility of the explosions from cycle to cycle, provided that other variables were controlled. Directing the inlet air past the injection valve during injection increased the rate of burning.

Boundary-layer-ingesting inlet flow control system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Owens, Lewis R. (Inventor); Allan, Brian G. (Inventor)

2010-01-01

A system for reducing distortion at the aerodynamic interface plane of a boundary-layer-ingesting inlet using a combination of active and passive flow control devices is disclosed. Active flow control jets and vortex generating vanes are used in combination to reduce distortion across a range of inlet operating conditions. Together, the vortex generating vanes can reduce most of the inlet distortion and the active flow control jets can be used at a significantly reduced control jet mass flow rate to make sure the inlet distortion stays low as the inlet mass flow rate varies. Overall inlet distortion, measured and described as average SAE circumferential distortion descriptor, was maintained at a value of 0.02 or less. Advantageous arrangements and orientations of the active flow control jets and the vortex generating vanes were developed using computational fluid dynamics simulations and wind tunnel experimentations.

Exploratory Investigation of the Effects of Boundary-Layer Control on the Pressure-Recovery Characteristics of a Circular Internal-Contraction Inlet with Translating Centerbody at Mach Numbers of 2.00 and 2.35

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, Norman J.

1959-01-01

Exploratory tests of a circular internal-contraction inlet were made at Mach numbers of 2.00 and 2.35 to determine the effect of a cowl-type boundary-layer control located downstream of the inlet throat. The inlet was designed for a Mach number of 2.5. Tests were also made of the inlet modified to correspond to design Mach numbers of 2.35 and 2.25. Surveys near the minimum area section of the inlet without boundary-layer control indicated maximum averaged pressure recoveries between 0.90 and 0.92 at a free-stream Mach number, M(sub infinity), of 2.35 for the inlets. Farther downstream, after partial subsonic diffusion, a maximum pressure recovery of 0.842 was obtained with the inlet at M(sub infinity) = 2.35. The pressure recovery of the inlet was increased by 0.03 at a Mach number of 2.35 and decreased by 0.02 at a Mach number of 2.00 by the application of cowl-type boundary-layer control. Further investigation with the inlet without bleed demonstrated that an increase of angle of attack from 0 deg to 3 deg reduced the pressure recovery 0.04. The effect of Reynolds number was to increase pressure recovery 0.07 (from 0.785 to 0.855) with an increase in Reynolds number (based on inlet diameter) from 0.79 x 10(exp 6) to 3.19 x 10(exp 6).

Preliminary Results of the Determination of Inlet-Pressure Distortion Effects on Compressor Stall and Altitude Operating Limits of the J57-P-1 Turbojet Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wallner, L. E.; Lubick, R. J.; Chelko, L. J.

1955-01-01

During an investigation of the J57-P-1 turbojet engine in the Lewis altitude wind tunnel, effects of inlet-flow distortion on engine stall characteristics and operating limits were determined. In addition to a uniform inlet-flow profile, the inlet-pressure distortions imposed included two radial, two circumferential, and one combined radial-circumferential profile. Data were obtained over a range of compressor speeds at an altitude of 50,000 and a flight Mach number of 0.8; in addition, the high- and low-speed engine operating limits were investigated up to the maximum operable altitude. The effect of changing the compressor bleed position on the stall and operating limits was determined for one of the inlet distortions. The circumferential distortions lowered the compressor stall pressure ratios; this resulted in less fuel-flow margin between steady-state operation and compressor stall. Consequently, the altitude operating Limits with circumferential distortions were reduced compared with the uniform inlet profile. Radial inlet-pressure distortions increased the pressure ratio required for compressor stall over that obtained with uniform inlet flow; this resulted in higher altitude operating limits. Likewise, the stall-limit fuel flows required with the radial inlet-pressure distortions were considerably higher than those obtained with the uniform inlet-pressure profile. A combined radial-circumferential inlet distortion had effects on the engine similar to the circumferential distortion. Bleeding air between the two compressors eliminated the low-speed stall limit and thus permitted higher altitude operation than was possible without compressor bleed.

49 CFR 178.337-8 - Openings, inlets, and outlets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... used to transport chlorine. The requirements for inlets and outlets on chlorine cargo tanks are in... dioxide, helium, krypton, neon, nitrogen, and xenon, or mixtures thereof. (6) In addition to the internal... equalization of pressure. (b) Inlets and discharge outlets on chlorine tanks. The inlet and discharge outlets...

49 CFR 178.337-8 - Openings, inlets, and outlets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... used to transport chlorine. The requirements for inlets and outlets on chlorine cargo tanks are in... dioxide, helium, krypton, neon, nitrogen, and xenon, or mixtures thereof. (6) In addition to the internal... equalization of pressure. (b) Inlets and discharge outlets on chlorine tanks. The inlet and discharge outlets...

40 CFR 81.54 - Cook Inlet Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Cook Inlet Intrastate Air Quality...) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) DESIGNATION OF AREAS FOR AIR QUALITY PLANNING PURPOSES Designation of Air Quality Control Regions § 81.54 Cook Inlet Intrastate Air Quality Control Region. The Cook Inlet...

40 CFR 81.54 - Cook Inlet Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Cook Inlet Intrastate Air Quality...) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) DESIGNATION OF AREAS FOR AIR QUALITY PLANNING PURPOSES Designation of Air Quality Control Regions § 81.54 Cook Inlet Intrastate Air Quality Control Region. The Cook Inlet...

40 CFR 81.54 - Cook Inlet Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Cook Inlet Intrastate Air Quality...) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) DESIGNATION OF AREAS FOR AIR QUALITY PLANNING PURPOSES Designation of Air Quality Control Regions § 81.54 Cook Inlet Intrastate Air Quality Control Region. The Cook Inlet...

40 CFR 81.54 - Cook Inlet Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Cook Inlet Intrastate Air Quality...) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) DESIGNATION OF AREAS FOR AIR QUALITY PLANNING PURPOSES Designation of Air Quality Control Regions § 81.54 Cook Inlet Intrastate Air Quality Control Region. The Cook Inlet...

A Numerical Study of Hypersonic Forebody/Inlet Integration Problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kumar, Ajay

1991-01-01

A numerical study of hypersonic forebody/inlet integration problem is presented in the form of the view-graphs. The following topics are covered: physical/chemical modeling; solution procedure; flow conditions; mass flow rate at inlet face; heating and skin friction loads; 3-D forebogy/inlet integration model; and sensitivity studies.

40 CFR 81.54 - Cook Inlet Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Cook Inlet Intrastate Air Quality...) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) DESIGNATION OF AREAS FOR AIR QUALITY PLANNING PURPOSES Designation of Air Quality Control Regions § 81.54 Cook Inlet Intrastate Air Quality Control Region. The Cook Inlet...

76 FR 24513 - Public Land Order No. 7765; Partial Revocation Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse Withdrawal; Florida

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-02

...] Public Land Order No. 7765; Partial Revocation Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse Withdrawal; Florida AGENCY... as part of the Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse Outstanding Natural Area. DATES: Effective Date: May 2, 2011... U.S.C. 1787), which created the Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse Outstanding Natural Area, and which...

Numerical simulation of supersonic inlets using a three-dimensional viscous flow analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anderson, B. H.; Towne, C. E.

1980-01-01

A three dimensional fully viscous computer analysis was evaluated to determine its usefulness in the design of supersonic inlets. This procedure takes advantage of physical approximations to limit the high computer time and storage associated with complete Navier-Stokes solutions. Computed results are presented for a Mach 3.0 supersonic inlet with bleed and a Mach 7.4 hypersonic inlet. Good agreement was obtained between theory and data for both inlets. Results of a mesh sensitivity study are also shown.

Inlet-engine matching for SCAR including application of a bicone variable geometry inlet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wasserbauer, J. F.; Gerstenmaier, W. H.

1978-01-01

Airflow characteristics of variable cycle engines (VCE) designed for Mach 2.32 can have transonic airflow requirements as high as 1.6 times the cruise airflow. This is a formidable requirement for conventional, high performance, axisymmetric, translating centerbody mixed compression inlets. An alternate inlet is defined, where the second cone of a two cone center body collapses to the initial cone angle to provide a large off-design airflow capability, and incorporates modest centerbody translation to minimize spillage drag. Estimates of transonic spillage drag are competitive with those of conventional translating centerbody inlets. The inlet's cruise performance exhibits very low bleed requirements with good recovery and high angle of attack capability.

Rock gabion, rip-rap, and culvert treatments: Successes and failures in post-fire erosion mitigation, Schultz Fire 2010

Treesearch

Daniel G. Neary; Karen A. Koestner

2011-01-01

Following the Schultz Fire in June of 2010, several erosion mitigation efforts were undertaken to reduce the impacts of post-fire flooding expected during the 2010 monsoon. One treatment consisted of the placement of large rock rip-rap on targeted fill slopes of a high elevation forest road that contains a buried pipeline supplying water to the city of Flagstaff....

A Survey of Road Construction and Maintenance Problems in Central Alaska.

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-10-01

recent natural disasters, such as the earthquake of 1964 and the Fairbanks flood in 1967, seriously set back the Alaskan highway program for several...problems as classifica- tion of natural road building materials, prevention of culvert icing, measurement of subgrade temperature, maintenance of slopes...Scarcity of clays or other material suitable for use as a binder in gravel surfacings poses additional problems throughout Alaska. Dust and stones

Survival and growth of larval coastal giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) in streams in the Oregon Coast Range.

Treesearch

J.P. Sagar; D.H. Olson; R.A. Schmitz

2007-01-01

The purpose of this study was to estimate the variation in growth and survival that occur during the larval stage of Dicamptodon tenebrosus. We used mark-recapture to assess the rates of apparent survival and growth for two larval age classes (first-years and second/third-years), in winter and summer seasons and in the presence of culverts. By...

Protect and Restore Red River Watershed, 2007-2008 Annual Report.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bransford, Stephanie

2009-05-04

The Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Watershed Division approaches watershed restoration with a ridge-top to ridge-top approach. The Nez Perce Tribe (NPT) and the Nez Perce National Forest (NPNF) have formed a partnership in completing watershed restoration activities, and through this partnership more work is accomplished by sharing funding and resources in our effort. The Nez Perce Tribe began watershed restoration projects within the Red River Watershed of the South Fork Clearwater River in 2001. Progress has been made in restoring the watershed through road decommissioning and culvert replacement. From completing a watershed assessment to two NEPAmore » efforts and a final stream restoration design, we will begin the effort of restoring the mainstem channel of Red River to provide spawning and rearing habitat for anadromous and resident fish species. Roads have been surveyed and prioritized for removal or improvement as well as culverts being prioritized for replacement to accommodate fish passage throughout the watershed. Another major, and extremely, important component of this project is the Red River Meadow Conservation Easement. We have begun the process of pursuing a conservation easement on approximately 270 acres of prime meadow habitat (Red River runs through this meadow and is prime spawning and rearing habitat).« less

Predicting Vulnerability of the Integrity and Connectivity Associated with Culverts in Low Order Streams of Northern Michigan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

King, C. H.; Wagenbrenner, J.; Fedora, M.; Watkins, D.; Watkins, M. K.; Huckins, C.

2017-12-01

The Great Lakes Region of North America has experienced more frequent extreme precipitation events in recent decades, resulting in a large number of stream crossing failures. While there are accepted methods for designing stream crossings to accommodate peak storm discharges, less attention has been paid to assessing the risk of failure. To evaluate failure risk and potential impacts, coarse-resolution stream crossing surveys were completed on 51 stream crossings and dams in the North Branch Paint River watershed in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. These inventories determined stream crossing dimensions along with stream and watershed characteristics. Eleven culverts were selected from the coarse surveys for high resolution hydraulic analysis to estimate discharge conditions expected at crossing failure. Watershed attributes upstream of the crossing, including area, slope, and storage, were acquired. Sediment discharge and the economic impact associated with a failure event were also estimated for each stream crossing. Impacts to stream connectivity and fish passability were assessed from the coarse-level surveys. Using information from both the coarse and high-resolution surveys, we also developed indicators to predict failure risk without the need for complex hydraulic modeling. These passability scores and failure risk indicators will help to prioritize infrastructure replacement and improve the overall connectivity of river systems throughout the upper Great Lakes Region.

Geometry and starvation effects in hydrodynamic lubrication

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brewe, D.; Hamrock, B. J.

1982-01-01

Numerical methods were used to detemine the effects of lubricant starvation on the minimum film thickness under conditions of a hydrodynamic point contact. Starvation was effected by varying the fluid inlet level. The Reynolds boundary conditions were applied at the cavitation boundary and zero pressure was stipulated at the meniscus or inlet boundary. A minimum film thickness equation as a function of both the ratio of dimensionless load to dimensionless speed and inlet supply level was determined. By comparing the film generated under the starved inlet condition with the film generated from the fully flooded inlet, an expression for the film reduction factor was obtained. Based on this factor a starvation threshold was defined as well as a critically starved inlet. The changes in the inlet pressure buildup due to changing the available lubricant supply are presented in the form of three dimensional isometric plots and also in the form of contour plots.

On the inlet vortex system. [preventing jet engine damage caused by debris pick-up

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bissinger, N. C.; Braun, G. W.

1974-01-01

The flow field of a jet engine with an inlet vortex, which can pick up heavy debris from the ground and damage the engine, was simulated in a small water tunnel by means of the hydrogen bubble technique. It was found that the known engine inlet vortex is accompained by a vortex system, consisting of two inlet vortices (the ground based and the trailing one), secondary vortices, and ground vortices. Simulation of the ground effect by an inlet image proved that the inlet vortex feeds on free stream vorticity and can exist without the presence of a ground boundary layer. The structural form of the inlet vortex system was explained by a simple potential flow model, which showed the number, location, and the importance of the stagnation points. A retractable horizontal screen or an up-tilt of the engine is suggested as countermeasure against debris ingestion.

An Interactive, Design and Educational Tool for Supersonic External-Compression Inlets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benson, Thomas J.

1994-01-01

A workstation-based interactive design tool called VU-INLET was developed for the inviscid flow in rectangular, supersonic, external-compression inlets. VU-INLET solves for the flow conditions from free stream, through the supersonic compression ramps, across the terminal normal shock region and the subsonic diffuser to the engine face. It calculates the shock locations, the capture streamtube, and the additive drag of the inlet. The inlet geometry can be modified using a graphical user interface and the new flow conditions recalculated interactively. Free stream conditions and engine airflow can also be interactively varied and off-design performance evaluated. Flow results from VU-INLET can be saved to a file for a permanent record, and a series of help screens make the simulator easy to learn and use. This paper will detail the underlying assumptions of the models and the numerical methods used in the simulator.

Hypersonic Inlet for a Laser Powered Propulsion System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harrland, Alan; Doolan, Con; Wheatley, Vincent; Froning, Dave

2011-11-01

Propulsion within the lightcraft concept is produced via laser induced detonation of an incoming hypersonic air stream. This process requires suitable engine configurations that offer good performance over all flight speeds and angles of attack to ensure the required thrust is maintained. Stream traced hypersonic inlets have demonstrated the required performance in conventional hydrocarbon fuelled scramjet engines, and has been applied to the laser powered lightcraft vehicle. This paper will outline the current methodology employed in the inlet design, with a particular focus on the performance of the lightcraft inlet at angles of attack. Fully three-dimensional turbulent computational fluid dynamics simulations have been performed on a variety of inlet configurations. The performance of the lightcraft inlets have been evaluated at differing angles of attack. An idealized laser detonation simulation has also been performed to validate that the lightcraft inlet does not unstart during the laser powered propulsion cycle.

Aerodynamic and acoustic behavior of a YF-12 inlet at static conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bangert, L. H.; Feltz, E. P.; Godby, L. A.; Miller, L. D.

1981-01-01

An aeroacoustic test program to determine the cause of YF-12 inlet noise suppression was performed with a YF-12 aircraft at ground static conditions. Data obtained over a wide range of engine speeds and inlet configurations are reported. Acoustic measurements were made in the far field and aerodynamic and acoustic measurements were made inside the inlet. The J-58 test engine was removed from the aircraft and tested separately with a bellmouth inlet. The far field noise level was significantly lower for the YF-12 inlet than for the bellmouth inlet at engine speeds above 5500 rpm. There was no evidence that noise suppression was caused by flow choking. Multiple pure tones were reduced and the spectral peak near the blade passing frequency disappeared in the region of the spike support struts at engine speeds between 6000 and 6600 rpm.

Analysis of starvation effects on hydrodynamic lubrication in nonconforming contacts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brewe, D. E.; Hamrock, B. J.

1981-01-01

Numerical methods were used to determine the effects of lubricant starvation on the minimum film thickness under conditions of a hydrodynamic point contact. Starvation was effected by varying the fluid inlet level. The Reynolds boundary conditions were applied at the cavitation boundary and zero pressure was stipulated at the meniscus or inlet boundary. A minimum-fill-thickness equation as a function of both the ratio of dimensionless load to dimensionless speed and inlet supply level was determined. By comparing the film generated under the starved inlet condition with the film generated from the fully flooded inlet, an expression for the film reduction factor was obtained. Based on this factor a starvation threshold was defined as well as a critically starved inlet. The changes in the inlet pressure buildup due to changing the available lubricant supply are presented in the form of three dimensional isometric plots and also in the form of contour plots.

Geometry and starvation effects in hydrodynamic lubrication

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brewe, D. E.; Hamrock, B. J.

1982-01-01

Numerical methods were used to determine the effects of lubricant starvation on the minimum film thickness under conditions of a hydrodynamic point contact. Starvation was effected by varying the fluid inlet level. The Reynolds boundary conditions were applied at the cavitation boundary and zero pressure was stipulated at the meniscus or inlet boundary. A minimum-film-thickness equation as a function of both the ratio of dimensionless load to dimensionless speed and inlet supply level was determined. By comparing the film generated under the starved inlet condition with the film generated from the fully flooded inlet, an expression for the film reduction factor was obtained. Based on this factor a starvation threshold was defined as well as a critically starved inlet. The changes in the inlet pressure buildup due to changing the available lubricant supply are presented in the form of three dimensional isometric plots and also in the form of contour plots.

Application of CFD to the analysis and design of high-speed inlets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rose, William C.

1995-01-01

Over the past seven years, efforts under the present Grant have been aimed at being able to apply modern Computational Fluid Dynamics to the design of high-speed engine inlets. In this report, a review of previous design capabilities (prior to the advent of functioning CFD) was presented and the example of the NASA 'Mach 5 inlet' design was given as the premier example of the historical approach to inlet design. The philosophy used in the Mach 5 inlet design was carried forward in the present study, in which CFD was used to design a new Mach 10 inlet. An example of an inlet redesign was also shown. These latter efforts were carried out using today's state-of-the-art, full computational fluid dynamics codes applied in an iterative man-in-the-loop technique. The potential usefulness of an automated machine design capability using an optimizer code was also discussed.

40 CFR 63.2263 - Initial compliance demonstration for a dry rotary dryer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... inlet moisture content of less than or equal to 30 percent (by weight, dry basis) and operates with a... dry rotary dryer. You must record the inlet furnish moisture content (dry basis) and inlet dryer... days. You must submit the highest recorded 24-hour average inlet furnish moisture content and the...

40 CFR 63.2263 - Initial compliance demonstration for a dry rotary dryer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... inlet moisture content of less than or equal to 30 percent (by weight, dry basis) and operates with a... dry rotary dryer. You must record the inlet furnish moisture content (dry basis) and inlet dryer... days. You must submit the highest recorded 24-hour average inlet furnish moisture content and the...