d3 d4 d5: Topics by Science.gov

Sample records for d3 d4 d5

Aldolase as a Chirality Intersection of L-Amino Acids and D-Sugars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Munegumi, Toratane

2015-06-01

Aldolase plays an important role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis to produce D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (D-FBP) from dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHP) and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (D-GAP). This reaction is stereoselective and retains the D-GAP 2R configuration and yields D-FBP (with the configuration: 3S, 4S, 5R). The 3- and 4-position carbons are the newly formed chiral carbons because the 5-position carbon of D-FBP comes from the 2-position of D-GAP. Although four diastereomeric products, ( 3S, 4R, 5R), ( 3R, 4R, 5R), ( 3R, 4S, 5R), ( 3S, 4S, 5R), are expected in the nonenzymatic reaction, only the ( 3S, 4S, 5R) diastereomer (D-FBP) is obtained. Therefore, the chirality in the 3- and 4-positions is induced by the chirality of the enzyme composed of L-amino acid residues. D-Glucose-6-phosphate (D-G6P), which is generated from D-FBP in the gluconeogenesis pathway, produces D-ribose-5-phosphate (D-R5P) in the pentose phosphate pathway. D-R5P is converted to PRPP (5-phosphoribosyl-α-pyrophosphate), which is used for the de novo synthesis of nucleotides. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) uses the nucleotides as building blocks. The configurations of the 4R-carbon and of the 3S-carbon are retained. The stereochemical structure of RNA is based on 3S as well as 4R (D). The consideration above suggests that aldolase is a key enzyme that determines the 3S configuration in D-R5P. It is thus a chirality intersection between amino acids and sugars, because the sugar chirality is determined by the chiral environment of an L-amino acid protein, aldolase, to produce D-FBP.
Synthesis of 4-O-glycosylated 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose and of 1,5-anhydro-D-tagatose from a common intermediate 2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-fructose.

PubMed

Agoston, Károly; Dékány, Gyula; Lundt, Inge

2009-05-26

Four novel disaccharides of glycosylated 1,5-anhydro-D-ketoses have been prepared: 1,5-anhydro-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose, 1,5-anhydro-4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-fructose, 1,5-anhydro-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-tagatose, and 1,5-anhydro-4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-tagatose. The common intermediate, 1,5-anhydro-2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose, was prepared from D-fructose and was converted into the D-tagatose derivative by oxidation followed by stereoselective reduction to the 4-epimer. The anhydroketoses thus prepared were glycosylated and deprotected to give the disaccharides.
Phenolic and lignan glycosides from the butanol extract of Averrhoa carambola L. root.

PubMed

Wen, Qingwei; Lin, Xing; Liu, Yeqi; Xu, Xiaohui; Liang, Tao; Zheng, Ni; Kintoko; Huang, Renbin

2012-10-19

Fifteen compounds, which included six chiral lignans and nine phenolic glycosides, were separated from the butanol fraction of Averrhoa carambola L. root and identified. All of the compounds, namely 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, benzyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, (+)-5'-methoxyisolariciresinol 3α-O-β-D-gluco-pyranoside, (+)-isolariciresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, koaburaside, (+)-lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, (-)-lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, (-)-5'-methoxyisolariciresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, (-)-isolariciresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl 1-O-β-apiofuranosyl (1''→6')-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 1-O-β-apiofuranosyl (1''→6')-β-gluco-pyranoside, methoxyhydroquinone-4-β-D-glucopyranoside, (2S)-2-O-β-D-gluco-pyranosyl-2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenol 1-O-β-D-apio-furanosyl-(1''→6')-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenol 1-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1''→6')-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Temperature dependence of laser-induced fluorescence of Tb3+Tb3+ in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

C., E.; -E., Jung | S.; | W., Bae; Cha | I., A.; Bae | Y., J.; | K., Park; Song

2011-01-01

Fluorescence spectra and lifetimes originated from both 5D3 →7FJ and 5D4 →7FJ transitions of Tb3+ were measured using time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy in order to investigate the excited state relaxation in a molten salt medium. A cross-relaxation energy transfer of 5D3 →5D4 resulted in rise and decay behaviors in fluorescence signal waveforms of 5D4 →7FJ transitions. The fluorescence intensity ratios of 5D4 →7F5 to 5D3 →7F4 decreased drastically when the temperature of molten salt increased. This result suggests that the cross-relaxation effect becomes weakened with increasing temperature. In addition, a strong increase of the 5D4 emission over the 5D3 emission was observed at high Tb3+ concentration.
NASA TEERM Hexavalent Chrome Alternatives Projects

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-18

1 N2-2 N3-2 N4-2 N5-2 N6-2 N7-2 N8-2 N9-2 N10-2 N11-2 N12-2 N13-2 H H2-1 H3-1 H4-1 H5-1 H6-1 H7-1 H8-1 H9-1 H10-1 H11-1 H12-1 H13 -1 H2-2 H3-2 H4-2...H5-2 H6-2 H7-2 H8-2 H9-2 H10-2 H11-2 H12-2 H13 -2 D D2-1 D3-1 D4-1 D5-1 D6-1 D7-1 D8-1 D9-1 D10-1 D11-1 D12-1 D13-1 D2-2 D3-2 D4-2 D5-2 D6-2 D7-2...Color, Adhesion, Impact , Flexibility, Fluid Resistance, Filiform Corrosion, Salt-Spray Corrosion, Artificial Weathering, Stripability, Restoration
[Accommodation to monochromatic targets in people with different color vision statuses].

PubMed

Qian, Yishan; Huang, Jia; Chu, Renyuan

2015-01-01

To compare the accommodation response (AR) to monochromatic targets in subjects with different color vision statuses, and to investigate the role of color vision in the control of accommodation and emmetropization. It was a case-control study. Accommodation was measured with a dynamic infrared optometer while subjects [17 protans, 47 deutans, and 23 normals; mean age: (20.0 ± 4.4) years] viewed a (1) red on black or (2) green on black vertical square-wave gratings of iso-luminance (3 cycles/deg; 0.9 contrast) in a Badal optic system. The grating stepped 1.00 D towards the eye from an initial position of 0 D until 5.00 D. With red-black targets, the AR in the protans (AR = 1.98 D) was worse than that in the normals (AR = 2.55 D) when the accommodation stimulus (AS) was 4.00 D (LSD, P = 0.031). The AR in the deutans were worse than that in the normals when the AS was 3.00, 4.00, and 5.00 D (3.00 D: 1.23 D vs. 1.69 D, P = 0.002; 4.00 D: 1.89 D vs. 2.55 D, P = 0.002; 5.00 D: 2.40 D vs. 3.17 D, P = 0.003). With green-black targets, the AR in the protans were worse than that in the normals when the AS was 3.00 and 4.00 D (3.00 D: 1.13 D vs. 1.61 D, P = 0.004; 4.00 D: 1.80 D vs. 2.34 D, P = 0.021). In the deutans, the AR was worse with stimuli of 3.00, 4.00, and 5.00 D (3.00 D: 1.21 D vs. 1.61 D, P = 0.003; 4.00 D: 1.65 D vs. 2.34 D, P < 0.001; 5.00 D: 2.36 D vs. 2.93 D, P = 0.007). No significant differences between the protans and deutans were found for all the stimulus conditions. In the protans, accommodation to red-black targets was better than that to green-black targets when the stimulus was 2.00, 3.00, and 5.00 D (2.00 D: t = -2.81, P = 0.013; 3.00 D: t = -4.55, P < 0.001; 5.00 D: t = -3.15, P = 0.006). In the deutans, accommodation to red-black targets was better than that to green-black targets when the stimulus was 4.00 D (t = -2.19, P = 0.034). In the normals, accommodation to red-black targets were better than that to green-black targets when the stimulus was 2.00, 4.00, and 5.00 D (2.00 D: t = -2.57, P = 0.017; 4.00 D, t = -2.67, P = 0.014; 5.00 D: t = -2.15, P = 0.043). Individuals with a color vision deficiency tend to have a larger accommodative lag than normals. Red targets tend to induce better accommodation response than green ones. Color vision may play a role in the control of accommodation and emmetropization.
New pregnane and steroidal glycosides from Tribulus terrestris L.

PubMed

Liu, Tao; Chen, Gang; Yi, Guo-Qing; Xu, Jian-Kun; Zhang, Tian-Long; Hua, Hui-Ming; Pei, Yue-Hu

2010-03-01

Three new steroidal saponins were isolated from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris L. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical analysis as 16beta-(4'-methyl-5'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-pentanoxy)-5alpha-pregn-3beta-ol-12,20-dione-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1), 2alpha,3beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-pregn-16-en-20-one 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (2) and 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5alpha-furostan-20(22)-en-2alpha,3beta,26-triol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (3).
Discovery of 4-anilino-N-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines and 4-anilino-N-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines as potent apoptosis inducers.

PubMed

Kemnitzer, William; Sirisoma, Nilantha; May, Chris; Tseng, Ben; Drewe, John; Cai, Sui Xiong

2009-07-01

We report the discovery of N-((benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methyl)-6-phenylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amine (2a) as an apoptosis inducer using our proprietary cell- and caspase-based ASAP HTS assay, and SAR study of HTS hit 2a which led to the discovery of 4-anilino-N-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines and 4-anilino-N-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines as potent apoptosis inducers. Compounds 5d and 5e were the most potent with EC(50) values of 0.008 and 0.004microM in T47D human breast cancer cells, respectively. Compound 5d was found to be highly active in the MX-1 breast cancer model. Functionally, compounds 5d and 5e both induced apoptosis through inhibition of tubulin polymerization.
High-pressure synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of KSbO3-type 5d oxides K0.84OsO3 and Bi2.93Os3O11

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, Yahua; Feng, Hai L.; Shi, Youguo; Tsujimoto, Yoshihiro; Belik, Alexei A.; Matsushita, Yoshitaka; Arai, Masao; He, Jianfeng; Tanaka, Masahiko; Yamaura, Kazunari

2014-12-01

5d Solid-state oxides K0.84OsO3 (Os5.16+; 5d 2.84) and Bi2.93Os3O11 (Os4.40+; 5d 3.60) were synthesized under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions (6 GPa and 1500-1700 °C). Their crystal structures were determined by synchrotron x-ray diffraction and their 5d electronic properties and tunnel-like structure motifs were investigated. A KSbO3-type structure with a space group of Im-3 and Pn-3 was determined for K0.84OsO3 and Bi2.93Os3O11, respectively. The magnetic and electronic transport properties of the polycrystalline compounds were compared with those obtained theoretically. It was revealed that the 5d tunnel-like structures are paramagnetic with metallic charge conduction at temperatures above 2 K. This was similar to what was observed for structurally relevant 5d oxides, including Bi3Re3O11 (Re4.33+; 5d 2.66) and Ba2Ir3O9 (Ir4.66+; 5d 4.33). The absence of long-range magnetic order seems to be common among 5d KSbO3-like oxides, regardless of the number of 5d electrons (between 2.6 and 4.3 per 5d atom).
Five new triterpene saponins, polygalasaponins XXVIII-XXXII from the root of Polygala japonica Houtt.

PubMed

Zhang, D; Miyase, T; Kuroyanagi, M; Umehara, K; Ueno, A

1996-04-01

Five new oleanane-type saponins, polygalasaponins XXVIII-XXXII, along with one known saponin, polygalasaponin XXIV, and one known acylated sucrose, tenuifoliside C, were isolated from the root of Polygala japonica. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl pesenegenin 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1-->5)-beta-D-apiofuranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamno-pyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-[4-O-p-methoxycinnamoyl]-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->3)]-beta-D-fucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->4)-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl (1-->3)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-[4-O-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyl]-beta-D-fucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl persenegenin 28-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->4)-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl (1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-[4-O-p-methoxycinnamoyl]-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->3)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl ester, respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.
Comparative conformational studies of 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-2-deoxyhex-1-enitols at the DFT level.

PubMed

Nowacki, Andrzej; Liberek, Beata

2018-06-15

B3LYP and M06-2X optimization and MP2 single point calculations are reported for the 4 H 5 and 5 H 4 conformations of 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-allal, 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-galactal, 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal, and 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-gulal. Significant discrepancies in predictions of relative energies and conformers' population for B3LYP and M06-2X optimized geometries are observed. Generally, B3LYP overestimates the conformers' energies with respect to MP2, whereas M06-2X slightly underestimates the conformers' energies. B3LYP failed to estimate the 4 H 5 ⇄ 5 H 4 conformational equilibrium for 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-galactal and 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal. The M06-2X functional showed good agreement with experimental results for all glycals studied. The 4 H 5 ⇄ 5 H 4 conformational equilibrium for 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-allal and 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-gulal is governed by the vinylogous anomeric effect (VAE), whereas competition between the VAE and quasi 1,3-diaxial interactions influence this equilibrium for 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-galactal and 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal. The orientation of the 4-OAc group influences the strength of the quasi 1,3-diaxial interactions between the 3-OAc and 5-CH 2 OAc groups. AIM analysis shows weak bonding interaction between the 3-OAc and 5-CH 2 OAc groups. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Revised and extended analysis of Br IV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Riyaz, A.; Rahimullah, K.; Tauheed, A.

2014-01-01

The spectrum of three-times ionized bromine Br IV has been studied in the 319-2350 Å wavelength region. The spectrum was recorded on a 3-m normal incidence vacuum spectrograph at the St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish (Canada) and 6.65-m grazing incidence spectrograph at the Zeeman laboratory (Amsterdam). The light sources used were a triggered spark and sliding spark, respectively. The ground configuration of Br IV 3d104s24p2, the excited configurations 3d104s4p3+3d104s24p (4d+5d+6d+5s+6s+7s) in the odd parity system and 3d104s24p (5p+4f+5f)+3d104s4p2 (4d+5s)+3d104p4 in the even parity system have been studied. Relativistic Hartree-Fock (HFR) and least squares fitted (LSF) parametric calculations were used to interpret the observed spectrum. 120 Levels of Br IV have now been established, 58 being new. Among 424 spectral lines, 277 are newly classified. The levels 4s4p35S2, 4s24p4d 3F4 and 4p5p (3P0, 1, 3D1, 2, 3S1) are revised. We estimate the accuracy of our measured wavelength for sharp and unblended lines to be ±0.005 Å. The ionization limit is determined as 385,390±100 cm-1 (47.782±0.012 eV).
Evaluating the electronic structure of formal Ln II ions in Ln II(C 5H 4SiMe 3) 3 1– using XANES spectroscopy and DFT calculations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fieser, Megan E.; Ferrier, Maryline Ghislaine; Su, Jing

Here, the isolation of [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Ln(C 5H 4SiMe 3) 3], formally containing LnII, for all lanthanides (excluding Pm) was surprising given that +2 oxidation states are typically regarded as inaccessible for most 4f-elements. Herein, X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), ground-state density functional theory (DFT), and transition dipole moment calculations are used to investigate the possibility that Ln(C 5H 4SiMe 3) 3 1– (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu) compounds represented molecular Ln II complexes. Results from the ground-state DFT calculations were supported by additional calculations that utilized complete-active-space multi-configuration approach with second-ordermore » perturbation theoretical correction (CASPT2). Through comparisons with standards, Ln(C 5H 4SiMe 3) 3 1– (Ln = Sm, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y) are determined to contain 4f 6 5d 0 (Sm II), 4f 13 5d 0 (Tm II), 4f 14 5d 0 (Yb II), 4f 14 5d 1 (Lu II), and 4d 1 (Y II) electronic configurations. Additionally, our results suggest that Ln(C 5H 4SiMe 3) 3 1– (Ln = Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er) also contain Ln II ions, but with 4f n 5d 1 configurations (not 4f n +1 5d 0). In these 4f n 5d 1 complexes, the C 3h-symmetric ligand environment provides a highly shielded 5d-orbital of a' symmetry that made the 4f n 5d 1 electronic configurations lower in energy than the more typical 4f n+1 5d 0 configuration.« less
Evaluating the electronic structure of formal Ln II ions in Ln II(C 5H 4SiMe 3) 3 1– using XANES spectroscopy and DFT calculations

DOE PAGES

Fieser, Megan E.; Ferrier, Maryline Ghislaine; Su, Jing; ...

2017-06-30

Here, the isolation of [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Ln(C 5H 4SiMe 3) 3], formally containing LnII, for all lanthanides (excluding Pm) was surprising given that +2 oxidation states are typically regarded as inaccessible for most 4f-elements. Herein, X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), ground-state density functional theory (DFT), and transition dipole moment calculations are used to investigate the possibility that Ln(C 5H 4SiMe 3) 3 1– (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu) compounds represented molecular Ln II complexes. Results from the ground-state DFT calculations were supported by additional calculations that utilized complete-active-space multi-configuration approach with second-ordermore » perturbation theoretical correction (CASPT2). Through comparisons with standards, Ln(C 5H 4SiMe 3) 3 1– (Ln = Sm, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y) are determined to contain 4f 6 5d 0 (Sm II), 4f 13 5d 0 (Tm II), 4f 14 5d 0 (Yb II), 4f 14 5d 1 (Lu II), and 4d 1 (Y II) electronic configurations. Additionally, our results suggest that Ln(C 5H 4SiMe 3) 3 1– (Ln = Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er) also contain Ln II ions, but with 4f n 5d 1 configurations (not 4f n +1 5d 0). In these 4f n 5d 1 complexes, the C 3h-symmetric ligand environment provides a highly shielded 5d-orbital of a' symmetry that made the 4f n 5d 1 electronic configurations lower in energy than the more typical 4f n+1 5d 0 configuration.« less
[4D-CT-based plan target volume (PTV) definition compared with conventional PTV definition using general margin in radiotherapy for lung cancer].

PubMed

Ju, Xiao; Li, Minghui; Zhou, Zongmei; Zhang, Ke; Han, Wei; Fu, Guishan; Cao, Ying; Wang, Lyuhua

2014-01-01

To investigate the dosimetric benefit of 4D-CT in the planning target volume (PTV) definition process compared with conventional PTV definition using general margin in radiotherapy of lung cancer. A set of 4D-CT images and multiphase helical CT scans were obtained in 10 patients with lung cancer. The radiotherapeutic plans based on PTV determined by 4D-CT and in addition of general margin were performed, respectively. The 3D motion of the centroid of GTV and the 3D spatial motion vectors were calculated. The differences of the two kinds of PTVs, mean lung dose (MLD), V5,V10,V15,V20 of total lung, mean heart dose (MHD), V30 and V40 of heart, D99 and D95 were compared, and the correlation between them and the 3D spatial motion vector was analyzed. The PTV4D in eight patients were smaller than PTVconv, with a mean reduction of (13.0 ± 8.0)% (P = 0.018). In other two patients, whose respiration motion was great, PTV4D was larger than PTVconv. The mean 3D spatial motion vector of GTV centroid was (0.78 ± 0.72)cm. By using 4D-CT, the mean reduction of MLD was (8.6 ± 9.9)% (P = 0.037). V5, V10, V15, V20 of total lung were decreased averagely by (7.2 ± 10.5)%, (5.5 ± 8.9)%, (6.5 ± 8.4)% and (5.7 ± 7.4)%, respectively (P < 0.05 for all). There was a significant positive correlation between PTV4D/PTVconv and the 3D spatial motion vector of the GTV centroid (P = 0.008). A significant inverse correlation was found between D994D/D99conv and the 3D spatial motion vector of the GTV centroid (P = 0.002). D994D/D99conv, (MLDconv-MLD4D) /MLDconv, total lung (V5conv-V54D)/V5conv, total lung (V10conv-V104D)/V10conv, (MHDconv-MHD4D)/MHDconv, heart (V30conv-V304D)/V30conv were inversely correlated with PTV4D/PTVconv (P < 0.05 for all). 4D-CT can be used to evaluate the respiration motion of lung tumor accurately. The 4D-CT-based PTV definition and radiotherapeutic planing can reduce the volume of PTV in patients with small respiration motion, increase the intra-target dose, and decrease the dose of normal tissue sequentially. For patients with large respiration motion, especially those more than 1.5-2 cm, this method can avoid target miss, meanwhile, not increase the dose of normal tissue significantly.
[Effects of micro-sprinkling hose length and width on wheat field water condition and flag leaf chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in different sampling districts].

PubMed

Xu, Ji Kun; Yu, Zhen Wen; Shi, Yu; Zhao, Jun Ye; Wang, Xi Zhi; Wang, Yu Qiu

2017-11-01

A two-year field experiment was conducted in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 wheat growing seasons to study the effects of micro-sprinkling hose length and width on field water condition, and flag leaf chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in different sampling districts (D 1 to D 6 along with the hose laying direction). Six micro-sprinkling hose treatments were set: 60 m (T 1 ), 80 m (T 2 ) and 100 m (T 3 ) lengths under 65 mm width; 60 m (T 4 ), 80 m (T 5 ) and 100 m (T 6 ) lengths under 80 mm width. The results showed that after irrigation at jointing, the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (C u ) of T 1 was significantly higher than T 2 and T 3 under 65 mm hose width. Under 80 mm hose width, T 4 and T 5 had the highest C u compared to T 6 . After irrigation at anthesis, the C u showed T 1 >T 2 >T 3 under 65 mm hose width, and T 4 >T 5 >T 6 under 80 mm hose width. Under 65 mm hose width, the average relative soil water content of 0-40 cm soil layers after irrigation at anthesis, flag leaf Φ PSII , NPQ and ETR at 20 and 30 d after anthesis and the grain yield of different sampling district did not differ in T 1 ; T 2 showed the order of D 1 , D 2 >D 3 >D 4 >D 5 ; T 3 showed D 1 , D 2 >D 3 >D 4 >D 5 , D 6 . The average Φ PSII , NPQ and ETR at 20 and 30 d after anthesis, and the average dry matter at maturity of different sampling districts were presented as T 1 >T 2 , T 3 . Under 85 mm hose width, no significant differences were observed in the average relative soil water content of 0-40 cm soil layers after irrigation at ahthesis, flag leaf Φ PSII , NPQ and ETR at 20 and 30 d after anthesis and the grain yield of different sampling districts in T 4 ; in T 5 , the indexes mentioned above in D 1 , D 2 and D 3 sampling districts were significantly higher than those in D 4 and D 5 ; in T 6 , the decreasing order was D 1 , D 2 , D 3 >D 4 >D 5 >T 6 . The average Φ PSII , NPQ and ETR at 20 and 30 d after anthesis, and the average dry matter at maturity of different districts showed the order of T 4 , T 5 >T 6 . The ave-rage grain yield and water use efficiency of T 1 , T 4 and T 5 were significantly higher than those in T 2 , T 3 and T 6 , T 1 and T 4 had a better irrigation benefit than T 5 . Under this experimental condition, T 1 treatment under 65 mm hose width, T 4 treatment under 80 mm hose width were the most recommendable treatments considering high yield and water saving, and T 5 treatment was also recommendable under 80 mm hose width.
A novel four-dimensional radiotherapy planning strategy from a tumor-tracking beam's eye view

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Guang; Cohen, Patrice; Xie, Huchen; Low, Daniel; Li, Diana; Rimner, Andreas

2012-11-01

To investigate the feasibility of four-dimensional radiotherapy (4DRT) planning from a tumor-tracking beam's eye view (ttBEV) with reliable gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation, realistic normal tissue representation, high planning accuracy and low clinical workload, we propose and validate a novel 4D conformal planning strategy based on a synthesized 3.5D computed tomographic (3.5DCT) image with a motion-compensated tumor. To recreate patient anatomy from a ttBEV in the moving tumor coordinate system for 4DRT planning (or 4D planning), the centers of delineated GTVs in all phase CT images of 4DCT were aligned, and then the aligned CTs were averaged to produce a new 3.5DCT image. This GTV-motion-compensated CT contains a motionless target (with motion artifacts minimized) and motion-blurred normal tissues (with a realistic temporal density average). Semi-automatic threshold-based segmentation of the tumor, lung and body was applied, while manual delineation was used for other organs at risk (OARs). To validate this 3.5DCT-based 4D planning strategy, five patients with peripheral lung lesions of small size (<5 cm3) and large motion range (1.2-3.5 cm) were retrospectively studied for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) using 3D conformal radiotherapy planning tools. The 3.5DCT-based 4D plan (3.5DCT plan) with 9-10 conformal beams was compared with the 4DCT-based 4D plan (4DCT plan). The 4DCT plan was derived from multiple 3D plans based on all phase CT images, each of which used the same conformal beam configuration but with an isocenter shift to aim at the moving tumor and a minor beam aperture and weighting adjustment to maintain plan conformality. The dose-volume histogram (DVH) of the 4DCT plan was created with two methods: one is an integrated DVH (iDVH4D), which is defined as the temporal average of all 3D-phase-plan DVHs, and the other (DVH4D) is based on the dose distribution in a reference phase CT image by dose warping from all phase plans using the displacement vector field (DVF) from a free-form deformable image registration (DIR). The DVH3.5D (for the 3.5DCT plan) was compared with both iDVH4D and DVH4D. To quantify the DVH difference between the 3.5DCT plan and the 4DCT plan, two methods were used: relative difference (%) of the areas underneath the DVH curves and the volumes receiving more than 20% (V20) and 50% (V50) of prescribed dose of these 4D plans. The volume of the delineated GTV from different phase CTs varied dramatically from 24% to 112% among the five patients, whereas the GTV from 3.5DCT deviated from the averaged GTV in 4DCT by only -6%±6%. For planning tumor volume (PTV) coverage, the difference between the DVH3.5D and iDVH4D was negligible (<1% area), whereas the DVH3.5D and DVH4D were quite different, due to DIR uncertainty (˜2 mm), which propagates to PTV dose coverage with a pronounced uncertainty for small tumors (0.3-4.0 cm3) in stereotactic plans with sharp dose falloff around PTV. For OARs, such as the lung, heart, cord and esophagus, the three DVH curves (DVH3.5D, DVH4D and iDVH4D) were found to be almost identical for the same patients, especially in high-dose regions. For the tumor-containing lung, the relative difference of the areas underneath the DVH curves was found to be small (5.3% area on average), of which 65% resulted from the low-dose region (D < 20%). The averaged V20 difference between the two 4D plans was 1.2% ± 0.8%. For the mean lung dose (MLD), the 3.5DCT plan differed from the 4DCT plan by -1.1%±1.3%. GTV-motion-compensated CT (3.5DCT) produces an accurate and reliable GTV delineation, which is close to the mean GTV from 4DCT. The 3.5DCT plan is equivalent to the 4DCT plan with <1% dose difference to the PTV and negligible dose difference in OARs. The 3.5DCT approach simplifies 4D planning and provides accurate dose calculation without a substantial increase of clinical workload for motion-tracking delivery to treat small peripheral lung tumors with large motion.
SU-E-J-154: Image Quality Assessment of Contrast-Enhanced 4D-CT for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma in Radiotherapy Simulation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Choi, W; Xue, M; Patel, K

2015-06-15

Purpose: This study presents quantitative and qualitative assessment of the image qualities in contrast-enhanced (CE) 3D-CT, 4D-CT and CE 4D-CT to identify feasibility for replacing the clinical standard simulation with a single CE 4D-CT for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDA) in radiotherapy simulation. Methods: Ten PDA patients were enrolled and underwent three CT scans: a clinical standard pair of CE 3D-CT immediately followed by a 4D-CT, and a CE 4D-CT one week later. Physicians qualitatively evaluated the general image quality and regional vessel definitions and gave a score from 1 to 5. Next, physicians delineated the contours of the tumor (T) andmore » the normal pancreatic parenchyma (P) on the three CTs (CE 3D-CT, 50% phase for 4D-CT and CE 4D-CT), then high density areas were automatically removed by thresholding at 500 HU and morphological operations. The pancreatic tumor contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) and conspicuity (C, absolute difference of mean enhancement levels in P and T) were computed to quantitatively assess image quality. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare these quantities. Results: In qualitative evaluations, CE 3D-CT and CE 4D-CT scored equivalently (4.4±0.4 and 4.3±0.4) and both were significantly better than 4D-CT (3.1±0.6). In quantitative evaluations, the C values were higher in CE 4D-CT (28±19 HU, p=0.19 and 0.17) than the clinical standard pair of CE 3D-CT and 4D-CT (17±12 and 16±17 HU, p=0.65). In CE 3D-CT and CE 4D-CT, mean CNR (1.8±1.4 and 1.8±1.7, p=0.94) and mean SNR (5.8±2.6 and 5.5±3.2, p=0.71) both were higher than 4D-CT (CNR: 1.1±1.3, p<0.3; SNR: 3.3±2.1, p<0.1). The absolute enhancement levels for T and P were higher in CE 4D-CT (87, 82 HU) than in CE 3D-CT (60, 56) and 4DCT (53, 70). Conclusions: The individually optimized CE 4D-CT is feasible and achieved comparable image qualities to the clinical standard simulation. This study was supported in part by Philips Healthcare.« less
A convenient synthesis of 6-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one and related 4,6-disubstituted pyrazolopyrimidine nucleosides.

PubMed Central

Cottam, H B; Revankar, G R; Robins, R K

1983-01-01

The glycosylation of 4,6-dichloropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and 4-chloro-6-methylthiopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine via the corresponding trimethylsilyl intermediate and tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranose in the presence of trimethylsilyl triflate as a catalyst, gave selective glycosylation at N1 as the only nucleoside product. The intermediates 4,6-dichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidine 7 and 4-chloro-6-methylthio-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidine 13 gave new and convenient synthetic routes to the inosine analog 1, the guanosine analog 2, the adenosine analog 3, and the isoguanosine analog 16. Glycosylation of the trimethylsilyl derivative of 6-chloropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4-one unexpectedly gave the N2-glycosyl isomer 20 as the major product. A number of new 4,6-disubstituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine nucleosides were prepared from these glycosyl intermediates. PMID:6835838
Rotigotine is a potent agonist at dopamine D1 receptors as well as at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors.

PubMed

Wood, Martyn; Dubois, Vanessa; Scheller, Dieter; Gillard, Michel

2015-02-01

Rotigotine acts as a dopamine receptor agonist with high affinity for the dopamine D2, D3, D4 and D5 receptors but with a low affinity for the dopamine D1 receptor. We have investigated this further in radioligand binding and functional studies and compared the profile of rotigotine with that of other drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). The binding of rotigotine to human dopamine D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 receptors was determined in radioligand binding studies using [(3)H]rotigotine and compared with that of standard antagonist radioligands. Functional interactions of rotigotine with human dopamine receptors was also determined. [(3)H]rotigotine can be used as an agonist radioligand to label all dopamine receptor subtypes and this can be important to derive agonist affinity estimates. Rotigotine maintains this high affinity in functional studies at all dopamine receptors especially D1, D2 and D3 receptors and, to a lesser extent, D4 and D5 receptors. Rotigotine, like apomorphine but unlike ropinirole and pramipexole, was a potent agonist at all dopamine receptors. Rotigotine is a high-potency agonist at human dopamine D1, D2 and D3 receptors with a lower potency at D4 and D5 receptors. These studies differentiate rotigotine from conventional dopamine D2 agonists, used in the treatment of PD, such as ropinirole and pramipexole which lack activity at the D1 and D5 receptors, but resembles that of apomorphine which has greater efficacy in PD than other dopamine agonists but has suboptimal pharmacokinetic properties. © 2014 The British Pharmacological Society.

Rotigotine is a potent agonist at dopamine D1 receptors as well as at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors

PubMed Central

Wood, Martyn; Dubois, Vanessa; Scheller, Dieter; Gillard, Michel

2015-01-01

Background and Purpose Rotigotine acts as a dopamine receptor agonist with high affinity for the dopamine D2, D3, D4 and D5 receptors but with a low affinity for the dopamine D1 receptor. We have investigated this further in radioligand binding and functional studies and compared the profile of rotigotine with that of other drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Experimental Approach The binding of rotigotine to human dopamine D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 receptors was determined in radioligand binding studies using [3H]rotigotine and compared with that of standard antagonist radioligands. Functional interactions of rotigotine with human dopamine receptors was also determined. Key Results [3H]rotigotine can be used as an agonist radioligand to label all dopamine receptor subtypes and this can be important to derive agonist affinity estimates. Rotigotine maintains this high affinity in functional studies at all dopamine receptors especially D1, D2 and D3 receptors and, to a lesser extent, D4 and D5 receptors. Rotigotine, like apomorphine but unlike ropinirole and pramipexole, was a potent agonist at all dopamine receptors. Conclusions and Implications Rotigotine is a high-potency agonist at human dopamine D1, D2 and D3 receptors with a lower potency at D4 and D5 receptors. These studies differentiate rotigotine from conventional dopamine D2 agonists, used in the treatment of PD, such as ropinirole and pramipexole which lack activity at the D1 and D5 receptors, but resembles that of apomorphine which has greater efficacy in PD than other dopamine agonists but has suboptimal pharmacokinetic properties. PMID:25339241
Three New Sesquiterpene Glycosides from the Rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii.

PubMed

Yang, Jie; Yang, Yin-Jun; Sun, Xin-Guang; Zhang, Jie; Zhao, Yang; Wang, Bei; Ding, Qian-Zhi; Guo, Bao-Lin; Ma, Bai-Ping

2017-08-02

Three new sesquiterpene glycosides, possessing a rare aglycone with a sulfonyl between C-1 and C-15 positions, named 3-(3' E -7' R ,8'-dihydroxy-4',8'-dimethyl-3'-nonenyl)-2,5-dihydro-1,1-dioxo-thiophen 7'- O -β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)- O -β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)- O -β-d-glucopyranoside ( 1 ), 3-(3' E -7' R ,8'-dihydroxy-4',8'-dimethyl-3'-nonenyl)-2,5-dihydro-1,1-dioxo-thiophen 7'- O -β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)- O -β-d-glucopyranoside ( 2 ), and 3-(3' E -7' R ,8'-dihydroxy-4',8'-dimethyl-3'-nonenyl)-2,5-dihydro-1,1-dioxo-thiophen 7'- O -β-d-glucopyranosyl-6'- O -acetyl-(1→4)- O -β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)- O -β-d-glucopyranoside ( 3 ), respectively, were isolated from the rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii . Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data, including HR-ESI-MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR. The cytotoxic properties of the three compounds were investigated using human hepatic L02 cells.
Six new C21 steroidal glycosides from Asclepias curassavica L.

PubMed

Li, Jun-Zhu; Liu, Hai-Yang; Lin, Yi-Ju; Hao, Xiao-Jiang; Ni, Wei; Chen, Chang-Xiang

2008-07-01

Six new C(21) steroidal glycosides, named curassavosides A-F (3-8), were obtained from the aerial parts of Asclepias curassavica (Asclepiadaceae), along with two known oxypregnanes, 12-O-benzoyldeacylmetaplexigenin (1) and 12-O-benzoylsarcostin (2). By spectroscopic methods, the structures of the six new compounds were determined as 12-O-benzoyldeacylmetaplexigenin 3-O-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-digitoxopyranoside (3), 12-O-benzoylsarcostin 3-O-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-digitoxopyranoside (4), sarcostin 3-O-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-canaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-digitoxopyranoside (5), sarcostin 3-O-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-canaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-canaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-digitoxopyranoside (6), 12-O-benzoyldeacylmetaplexigenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-canaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-d-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-digitoxopyranoside (7), and 12-O-benzoylsarcostin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-d-canaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-digitoxopyranoside (8), respectively. All compounds (1-8) were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity; only compound 3 showed weak inhibitory activity against Raji and AGZY cell lines.
Identification of 4,5-didemethyl-4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosylsimmondsin and pinitol alpha-D-galactosides in jojoba seed meal (Simmondsia chinensis).

PubMed

Van Boven, M; Leyssen, T; Busson, R; Holser, R; Cokelaere, M; Flo, G; Decuypere, E

2001-09-01

The isolation and identification of two pinitol alpha-D-galactosides from jojoba meal are described. The products were isolated by a combination of preparative HPLC on silica gel and TLC on amino silica gel and were identified by MS, NMR spectroscopy, and chemical derivatization as 5-O-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl-D-chiro-inositol or 5-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-pinitol and 2-O-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl-D-chiro-inositol or 2-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-pinitol. The same preparative HPLC method on silica gel allowed a new simmondsin derivative to be isolated and identified as 4,5-didemethyl-4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosylsimmondsin mainly by NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry.
Investigation of Extensions to the Distorted Born Approximation in Strong Fluctuation Theory

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-10-01

9316I * where D = 3/4[bop+b# J+ l/4b;) D = 1/4[ bpp +bo | (35)n12 b -bo( I D 13 =l/ 2 [Cppzz +C4zzI n Here -1 0~ o , bus(z,z)= (271) u I dl )acs (zl) am...that FXW = 1- 2X + 32. + 1 2(X) = 2 - 23 + + ... (-5 F (X) = 2 3 3 42 3 ’ + VX +.. D5 F3 (X) = 2/X + 3 gn X + ... Using (D-4) and (D-5) as guides for...showed that the rational approximations to Fir F2, F3 have maximum errors of .06%, .03%, and .06%, respectively. The integrals in (C-5) are completely
Refractive errors in low-income preschoolers.

PubMed

Brody, Barbara L; Roch-Levecq, Anne-Catherine; Klonoff-Cohen, Hillary S; Brown, Stuart I

2007-01-01

To estimate the overall prevalence of refractive errors in a study population of low-income preschoolers in San Diego County. The study sample included 507 preschool children selected from a study population of all 3-5 year-old children in Head Start and San Diego Unified School District preschools (74% Latino). The sample was examined by optometrists in the mobile clinic of the University of California, San Diego, Department of Ophthalmology with retinoscopy under cycloplegia to assess the presence of refractive errors defined as myopia >or=2D in 3-4 year-olds and >or=1D in > 4 year-olds; hyperopia >or=4D in 3-4 year-olds and >or=3D in > 4 year-olds; and astigmatism >or=1.75D in 3-4 year-olds and >or=1.5D in > 4 year-olds. Anisometropia was defined as >or=1.25D difference between the eyes. Emmetropia was defined as refractive errors below these levels. A total of 16% (n = 81 children) (95% confidence interval: 15.4-16.5) met study definitions of refractive errors in at least one eye. Myopia was found in 3%, (OD Mean Sphere = 2.4D); hyperopia in 7.5% (OD Mean Sphere = 3.8D); astigmatism in 5.5% (OD Mean Cylinder = 2.3D); and 84% were emmetropic (OD Mean Sphere = 1.3D). Hyperopia and astigmatism were the most frequent refractive errors in this sample of low-income preschoolers, most of whom were Latino.
[Studies on chemical constituents from rhizome of Anemone flaccida].

PubMed

Zhang, Lan-tian; Takaishi, Yoshihisa; Zhang, Yan-wen; Duan, Hong-quan

2008-07-01

To study the chemical constituents from Anemone flaccida. Chemical constituents were isolated by repeated column chromatography (silica gel, Toyopearl HW-40C and preparative HPLC). The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data analysis. Twelve triterpenes were isolated and their structures were identified as follow: oleanolic acid (1), oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glccopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-xylopyranoside (2), eleutheroside K (3), oleanolic acid 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-xylopyranoside (4), oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glccopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinofurnoside (5), oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glccuronopyranose (6), oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glccuronopyranose methyl ester (7), oleanolic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-glccopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glccopyranosyl (8), oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glccuronopyranose 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-glccopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glccopyranoside (9), oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glccopyranosyl methyl ester 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-glccopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glccopyranoside (10), oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glccopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-glccopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glccopyranoside (11), oleanolic acid 3-O-alpha-L-rh-amnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyrnosyl-28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-glccopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glccopyranoside (12). compounds 5-8, 10, 12 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 2, 5 and 11 showed positive anti-tumor activities.
SU-E-T-202: Comparison of 4D-Measurement-Guided Dose Reconstructions (MGDR) with COMPASS and OCTAVIUS 4D System

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leung, R; Wong, M; Lee, V

2015-06-15

Purpose: To cross-validate the MGDR of COMPASS (IBA dosimetry, GmbH, Germany) and OCTAVIUS 4D system (PTW, Freiburg, Germany). Methods: Volumetric-modulated arc plans (5 head-and-neck and 3 prostate) collapsed to 40° gantry on the OCTAVIUS 4D phantom in QA mode on Monaco v5.0 (Elekta, CMS, Maryland Heights, MO) were delivered on a Elekta Agility linac. This study was divided into two parts: (1) error-free measurements by gantry-mounted EvolutionXX 2D array were reconstructed in COMPASS (IBA dosimetry, GmbH, Germany), and by OCTAVIUS 1500 array in Versoft v6.1 (PTW, Freiburg, Germany) to obtain the 3D doses (COM4D and OCTA4D). COM4D and OCTA4D weremore » compared to the raw measurement (OCTA3D) at the same detector plane for which OCTAVIUS 1500 was perpendicular to 0° gantry axis while the plans were delivered at gantry 40°; (2) beam steering errors of energy (Hump=-2%) and symmetry (2T=+2%) were introduced during the delivery of 5 plans to compare the MGDR doses COM4D-Hump (COM4D-2T), OCTA4D-Hump (OCTA4D-2T), with raw doses OCTA3D-Hump (OCTA3D-2T) and with OCTA3D to assess the error reconstruction and detection ability of MGDR tools. All comparisons used Υ-criteria of 2%(local dose)/2mm and 3%/3mm. Results: Averaged Υ passing rates were 85% and 96% for COM4D,and 94% and 99% for OCTA4D at 2%/2mm and 3%/3mm criteria respectively. For error reconstruction, COM4D-Hump (COM4D-2T) showed 81% (93%) at 2%/2mm and 94% (98%) at 3%/3mm, while OCTA4D-Hump (OCTA4D-2T) showed 96% (96%) at 2%/2mm and 99% (99%) at 3%/3mm. For error detection, OCTA3D doses were compared to COM4D-Hump (COM4D-2T) showing Υ passing rates of 93% (93%) at 2%/2mm and 98% (98%), and to OCTA4D-Hump (OCTA4D -2T) showing 94% (99%) at 2%/2mm and 81% (96%) at 3%/3mm, respectively. Conclusion: OCTAVIUS MGDR showed better agreement to raw measurements in both error- and error-free comparisons. COMPASS MGDR deviated from the raw measurements possibly owing to beam modeling uncertainty.« less
Synthesis of 7-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-D-erythro-3-hydroxy-5-heptanolide, 6-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-D-erythro-2,4-dihydroxyhexane-1-sulfonic acid, and 6-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-D-erythro-2,4-dihydroxyhexylphosphonic acid.

PubMed

Hodosi, G; Galambos, G; Podányi, B; Kuszmann, J

1992-03-02

6-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-D-erythro-1,2,4-hexanetriol, synthesised from D-glucose, was partially silylated, then reacted with 2-methoxypropene to afford 1-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-6-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-2,4-O-isopropylidene-D-erythro-1,2,4-hexanetriol (17). Desilylation of 17 gave 6-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2,4-O-isopropylidene-D- erythro-1,2,4-hexanetriol, which was converted into the 1-tosylate 18 and the 1-bromo derivative 19. Reaction of 18 with potassium thiolbenzoate gave, after debenzoylation, oxidation, and deprotection, 6-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-D-erythro-2,4-dihydroxyhexane-1-sulfonic acid (4). Reaction of 18 or 19 with triethyl phosphite gave, after deprotection, 6-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-D-erythro-2,4-dihydroxyhexyl-phosphonic acid (5), and reaction of 19 with potassium cyanide gave, after subsequent hydrolysis and deprotection, 7-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-D-erythro-3-hydroxy-5-heptanolide (3).
40 CFR 86.528-78 - Transmissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...: Shift Speed 1st to 2d gear 19 km/h (11.8 mi/h). 2d to 3d gear 33 km/h (20.5 mi/h). 3d to 4th gear 44 km/h (27.3 mi/h). 4th to 5th gear 53 km/h (32.9 mi/h). (2) For Class III motorcycles: Shift Speed 1st to 2d gear 30 km/h (18.6 mi/h). 2d to 3d gear 45 km/h (28.0 mi/h). 3d to 4th gear 60 km/h (37.3 mi/h...
40 CFR 86.528-78 - Transmissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...: Shift Speed 1st to 2d gear 19 km/h (11.8 mi/h). 2d to 3d gear 33 km/h (20.5 mi/h). 3d to 4th gear 44 km/h (27.3 mi/h). 4th to 5th gear 53 km/h (32.9 mi/h). (2) For Class III motorcycles: Shift Speed 1st to 2d gear 30 km/h (18.6 mi/h). 2d to 3d gear 45 km/h (28.0 mi/h). 3d to 4th gear 60 km/h (37.3 mi/h...
40 CFR 86.528-78 - Transmissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...: Shift Speed 1st to 2d gear 19 km/h (11.8 mi/h). 2d to 3d gear 33 km/h (20.5 mi/h). 3d to 4th gear 44 km/h (27.3 mi/h). 4th to 5th gear 53 km/h (32.9 mi/h). (2) For Class III motorcycles: Shift Speed 1st to 2d gear 30 km/h (18.6 mi/h). 2d to 3d gear 45 km/h (28.0 mi/h). 3d to 4th gear 60 km/h (37.3 mi/h...
40 CFR 86.528-78 - Transmissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...: Shift Speed 1st to 2d gear 19 km/h (11.8 mi/h). 2d to 3d gear 33 km/h (20.5 mi/h). 3d to 4th gear 44 km/h (27.3 mi/h). 4th to 5th gear 53 km/h (32.9 mi/h). (2) For Class III motorcycles: Shift Speed 1st to 2d gear 30 km/h (18.6 mi/h). 2d to 3d gear 45 km/h (28.0 mi/h). 3d to 4th gear 60 km/h (37.3 mi/h...
40 CFR 86.528-78 - Transmissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...: Shift Speed 1st to 2d gear 19 km/h (11.8 mi/h). 2d to 3d gear 33 km/h (20.5 mi/h). 3d to 4th gear 44 km/h (27.3 mi/h). 4th to 5th gear 53 km/h (32.9 mi/h). (2) For Class III motorcycles: Shift Speed 1st to 2d gear 30 km/h (18.6 mi/h). 2d to 3d gear 45 km/h (28.0 mi/h). 3d to 4th gear 60 km/h (37.3 mi/h...
3D-QSAR studies on 1,2,4-triazolyl 5-azaspiro [2.4]-heptanes as D3R antagonists

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xin; Zhang, Hui

2018-07-01

Dopamine D3 receptor has become an attractive target in the treatment of abused drugs. 3D-QSAR studies were performed on a novel series of D3 receptor antagonists, 1,2,4-triazolyl 5-azaspiro [2.4]-heptanes, using CoMFA and CoMSIA methods. Two predictive 3D-QSAR models have been generated for the modified design of D3R antagonists. Based on the steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic and hydrogen-bond acceptor information of contour maps, key structural factors affecting the bioactivity were explored. This work gives helpful suggestions on the design of novel D3R antagonists with increased activities.
1D helix, 2D brick-wall and herringbone, and 3D interpenetration d10 metal-organic framework structures assembled from pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid N-oxide.

PubMed

Wen, Li-Li; Dang, Dong-Bin; Duan, Chun-Ying; Li, Yi-Zhi; Tian, Zheng-Fang; Meng, Qing-Jin

2005-10-03

Five novel interesting d(10) metal coordination polymers, [Zn(PDCO)(H2O)2]n (PDCO = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid N-oxide) (1), [Zn2(PDCO)2(4,4'-bpy)2(H2O)2.3H2O]n (bpy = bipyridine) (2), [Zn(PDCO)(bix)]n (bix = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene) (3), [Zn(PDCO)(bbi).0.5H2O]n (bbi = 1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(imidazole)) (4), and [Cd(PDCO)(bix)(1.5).1.5H2O]n (5), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized. Polymer 1 possesses a one-dimensional (1D) helical chainlike structure with 4(1) helices running along the c-axis with a pitch of 10.090 Angstroms. Polymer 2 has an infinite chiral two-dimensional (2D) brick-wall-like layer structure in the ac plane built from achiral components, while both 3 and 4 exhibit an infinite 2D herringbone architecture, respectively extended in the ac and ab plane. Polymer 5 features a most remarkable and unique three-dimensional (3D) porous framework with 2-fold interpenetration related by symmetry, which contains channels in the b and c directions, both distributed in a rectangular grid fashion. Compounds 1-5, with systematic variation in dimensionality from 1D to 2D to 3D, are the first examples of d(10) metal coordination polymers into which pyridinedicarboxylic acid N-oxide has been introduced. In addition, polymers 1, 4, and 5 display strong blue fluorescent emissions in the solid state. Polymer 3 exhibits a strong SHG response, estimated to be approximately 0.9 times that of urea.
A new synthesis of certain 7-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl) and 7-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl) derivatives of 3-deazaguanine via the sodium salt glycosylation procedure.

PubMed Central

Gupta, P K; Robins, R K; Revankar, G R

1985-01-01

A facile synthesis of 7-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-3-deazaguanine (1) and certain 8-substituted derivatives of 1 via the sodium salt glycosylation method has been developed. Glycosylation of the sodium salt of methyl 2-chloro(or methylthio)-4(5)-cyanomethylimidazole-5(4)-carboxylate (5 and 13b) with 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-D-ribofuranosyl bromide (6) gave exclusively methyl 2-chloro(or methylthio)-4-cyanomethyl-1-(2,3, 5-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-5-carboxylate (7 and 14a), respectively. Ammonolysis of 7 and 14a provided 6-amino-2-chloro(or methylthio)-3-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazo-[4,5-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one (11 and 17), which on subsequent dehalogenation (or dethiation) gave 1. Similarly, reaction of the sodium salt of 5 and 13b with 1-chloro-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-alpha-D-erythro-pentofuranose (8), and ammonolysis of the glycosylated imidazole precursors (9 and 16) gave 6-amino-2-chloro(or methylthio)-3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl) imidazo[4,5-c]-pyridin-4(5H)-one (10a and 15), respectively. Dehalogenation of 10a or dethiation of 15 gave 2'-deoxy-7-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-3-deazaguanine (10b). This procedure provided a direct method of obtaining 10b without the contaminating 9-glycosyl isomer 4. PMID:4022783
Individually optimized contrast-enhanced 4D-CT for radiotherapy simulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

PubMed Central

Xue, Ming; Lane, Barton F.; Kang, Min Kyu; Patel, Kruti; Regine, William F.; Klahr, Paul; Wang, Jiahui; Chen, Shifeng; D’Souza, Warren; Lu, Wei

2016-01-01

Purpose: To develop an individually optimized contrast-enhanced (CE) 4D-computed tomography (CT) for radiotherapy simulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDA). Methods: Ten PDA patients were enrolled. Each underwent three CT scans: a 4D-CT immediately following a CE 3D-CT and an individually optimized CE 4D-CT using test injection. Three physicians contoured the tumor and pancreatic tissues. Image quality scores, tumor volume, motion, tumor-to-pancreas contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were compared in the three CTs. Interobserver variations were also evaluated in contouring the tumor using simultaneous truth and performance level estimation. Results: Average image quality scores for CE 3D-CT and CE 4D-CT were comparable (4.0 and 3.8, respectively; P = 0.082), and both were significantly better than that for 4D-CT (2.6, P < 0.001). Tumor-to-pancreas contrast results were comparable in CE 3D-CT and CE 4D-CT (15.5 and 16.7 Hounsfield units (HU), respectively; P = 0.21), and the latter was significantly higher than in 4D-CT (9.2 HU, P = 0.001). Image noise in CE 3D-CT (12.5 HU) was significantly lower than in CE 4D-CT (22.1 HU, P = 0.013) and 4D-CT (19.4 HU, P = 0.009). CNRs were comparable in CE 3D-CT and CE 4D-CT (1.4 and 0.8, respectively; P = 0.42), and both were significantly better in 4D-CT (0.6, P = 0.008 and 0.014). Mean tumor volumes were significantly smaller in CE 3D-CT (29.8 cm3, P = 0.03) and CE 4D-CT (22.8 cm3, P = 0.01) than in 4D-CT (42.0 cm3). Mean tumor motion was comparable in 4D-CT and CE 4D-CT (7.2 and 6.2 mm, P = 0.17). Interobserver variations were comparable in CE 3D-CT and CE 4D-CT (Jaccard index 66.0% and 61.9%, respectively) and were worse for 4D-CT (55.6%) than CE 3D-CT. Conclusions: CE 4D-CT demonstrated characteristics comparable to CE 3D-CT, with high potential for simultaneously delineating the tumor and quantifying tumor motion with a single scan. PMID:27782710
Synthesis, molecular properties estimations, and dual dopamine D2 and D3 receptor activities of Benzthiazole-based ligands.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schübler, Moritz; Sadek, Bassem; Kottke, Tim; Weizel, Lilia; Stark, Holger

2017-09-01

Neurleptic drugs, e.g. aripiprazole, targeting the dopamine D2s and D3 receptors (D2sR and D3R) in the central nervous system are widely used in the treatment of several psychotic and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, a new series of benz[d]thiazole-based ligands (1-18) was synthesized by applying the bioisosteric approach derived from the selective D3Rs ligand BP-897 and its structurally related benz[d]imidazole derivatives. Herein, introduction of the benz[d]thiazole moiety was well tolerated by D2sR and D3R binding sites leading to antagonist affinities in the low nanomolar concentration range at both receptor subtypes. Further exploration of different substitution patterns at the benz[d]thiazole heterocycle and the basic 4-phenylpiperazine resulted in the discovery of high dually acting D2sR and D3R ligands. Moreover, the methoxy substitution at 2-position of 4-phenylpiperazine resulted in significantly (22-fold) increased D2sR binding affinity as compared to the parent ligand BP-897, and improved physicochemical and drug-likeness properties of ligands 1-9. However, the latter structural modifications failed to improve the drug-able properties in ligands having un-substituted 4-phenylpiperazine analogues (10-18). Accordingly, compound 7 showed in addition to high dual affinity at the D2sR and D3R (Ki (hD2SR) = 2.8 ± 0.8 nM; Ki (hD3R) = 3.0 ± 1.6 nM), promising clogS, clogP, LE (hD2sR, hD3R), LipE (hD2sR, hD3R), and drug-likeness score values of -4.7, 4.2, (0.4, 0.4), (4.4, 4.3), and 0.7, respectively. Also, the deaminated analogue 8 (Ki (hD2SR) = 3.2 ± 0.4 nM; Ki (hD3R) = 8.5 ± 2.2 nM) revealed clogS, clogP, LE (hD2sR, hD3R), LipE (hD2sR, hD3R) and drug-likeness score values of -4.7, 4.2, (0.4, 0.4), (3.9, 3.5), and 0.4, respectively. The results observed for the newly developed benz[d]thiazole-based ligands 1-18 provide clues for the diversity in structure activity relationships (SARs) at the D2sR and D3R subtypes.
Integration of Defocus by Dual Power Fresnel Lenses Inhibits Myopia in the Mammalian Eye

PubMed Central

McFadden, Sally A.; Tse, Dennis Y.; Bowrey, Hannah E.; Leotta, Amelia J.; Lam, Carly S.; Wildsoet, Christine F.; To, Chi-Ho

2014-01-01

Purpose. Eye growth compensates in opposite directions to single vision (SV) negative and positive lenses. We evaluated the response of the guinea pig eye to Fresnel-type lenses incorporating two different powers. Methods. A total of 114 guinea pigs (10 groups with 9–14 in each) wore a lens over one eye and interocular differences in refractive error and ocular dimensions were measured in each of three experiments. First, the effects of three Fresnel designs with various diopter (D) combinations (−5D/0D; +5D/0D or −5D/+5D dual power) were compared to three SV lenses (−5D, +5D, or 0D). Second, the ratio of −5D and +5D power in a Fresnel lens was varied (50:50 compared with 60:40). Third, myopia was induced by 4 days of exposure to a SV −5D lens, which was then exchanged for a Fresnel lens (−5D/+5D) or one of two SV lenses (+5D or −5D) and ocular parameters tracked for a further 3 weeks. Results. Dual power lenses induced an intermediate response between that to the two constituent powers (lenses +5D, +5D/0D, 0D, −5D/+5D, −5D/0D and −5D induced +2.1 D, +0.7 D, +0.1 D, −0.3 D, −1.6 D and −5.1 D in mean intraocular differences in refractive error, respectively), and changing the ratio of powers induced responses equal to their weighted average. In already myopic animals, continued treatment with SV negative lenses increased their myopia (from −3.3 D to −4.2 D), while switching to SV positive lenses or −5D/+5D Fresnel lenses reduced their myopia (by 2.9 D and 2.3 D, respectively). Conclusions. The mammalian eye integrates competing defocus to guide its refractive development and eye growth. Fresnel lenses, incorporating positive or plano power with negative power, can slow ocular growth, suggesting that such designs may control myopia progression in humans. PMID:24398103

Integration of defocus by dual power Fresnel lenses inhibits myopia in the mammalian eye.

PubMed

McFadden, Sally A; Tse, Dennis Y; Bowrey, Hannah E; Leotta, Amelia J; Lam, Carly S; Wildsoet, Christine F; To, Chi-Ho

2014-02-14

Eye growth compensates in opposite directions to single vision (SV) negative and positive lenses. We evaluated the response of the guinea pig eye to Fresnel-type lenses incorporating two different powers. A total of 114 guinea pigs (10 groups with 9-14 in each) wore a lens over one eye and interocular differences in refractive error and ocular dimensions were measured in each of three experiments. First, the effects of three Fresnel designs with various diopter (D) combinations (-5D/0D; +5D/0D or -5D/+5D dual power) were compared to three SV lenses (-5D, +5D, or 0D). Second, the ratio of -5D and +5D power in a Fresnel lens was varied (50:50 compared with 60:40). Third, myopia was induced by 4 days of exposure to a SV -5D lens, which was then exchanged for a Fresnel lens (-5D/+5D) or one of two SV lenses (+5D or -5D) and ocular parameters tracked for a further 3 weeks. Dual power lenses induced an intermediate response between that to the two constituent powers (lenses +5D, +5D/0D, 0D, -5D/+5D, -5D/0D and -5D induced +2.1 D, +0.7 D, +0.1 D, -0.3 D, -1.6 D and -5.1 D in mean intraocular differences in refractive error, respectively), and changing the ratio of powers induced responses equal to their weighted average. In already myopic animals, continued treatment with SV negative lenses increased their myopia (from -3.3 D to -4.2 D), while switching to SV positive lenses or -5D/+5D Fresnel lenses reduced their myopia (by 2.9 D and 2.3 D, respectively). The mammalian eye integrates competing defocus to guide its refractive development and eye growth. Fresnel lenses, incorporating positive or plano power with negative power, can slow ocular growth, suggesting that such designs may control myopia progression in humans.
Comparison of sedation and mechanical antinociception induced by intravenous administration of acepromazine and four dose rates of dexmedetomidine in donkeys.

PubMed

Lizarraga, Ignacio; Castillo-Alcala, Fernanda; Robinson, Lauren S

2017-05-01

To assess and compare the sedative and antinociceptive effects of four dosages of dexmedetomidine in donkeys. Randomized, controlled, crossover, Latin-square, blinded study. Six healthy, castrated, adult, standard donkeys. Dexmedetomidine (2, 3, 4 and 5 μg kg -1 ; D2, D3, D4 and D5), acepromazine (0.1 mg kg -1 ) and saline were administered intravenously to each donkey and a 1 week interval was allowed between successive trials on each animal. Sedation scores (SS) and head heights above ground (HHAG) were used to assess sedation and mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) testing to assess antinociception over 120 minutes post-treatment. Areas under the curve (AUC) for 0-30, 30-60 and 60-120 minutes were computed to compare the effect of treatments. SS-AUC 0-30 values were larger for D4 and D5, and SS-AUC 30-60 values were larger for D5 than for saline. All dexmedetomidine treatments produced lower HHAG-AUC 0-30 and HHAG-AUC 30-60 values, and acepromazine produced lower HHAG AUC 60-120 values than did saline. For MNT, D3, D4 and D5 increased AUC 0-30 and AUC 30-60 values compared with saline and also AUC 0-30 values compared with D2 and acepromazine. Smaller MNT-AUC 30-60 values were obtained with D2 than with D4 and D5, with D3 than with D5, and with acepromazine than with D4 and D5. Dexmedetomidine induced sedation and dosage-dependent mechanical antinociception. Larger dexmedetomidine dose rates were required to induce antinociception than sedation. Furthermore, the antinociception induced by dexmedetomidine was of shorter duration than its sedation. For minor painful procedures on standing donkeys, D5 may be clinically useful to provide sedation and analgesia. Copyright © 2017 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Target localization of 3D versus 4D cone beam computed tomography in lipiodol-guided stereotactic radiotherapy of hepatocellular carcinomas.

PubMed

Chan, Mark; Chiang, Chi Leung; Lee, Venus; Cheung, Steven; Leung, Ronnie; Wong, Matthew; Lee, Frankle; Blanck, Oliver

2017-01-01

Aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the accuracy of respiration-correlated (4D) and uncorrelated (3D) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in localizing lipiodolized hepatocellular carcinomas during stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). 4D-CBCT scans of eighteen HCCs were acquired during free-breathing SBRT following trans-arterial chemo-embolization (TACE) with lipiodol. Approximately 1320 x-ray projections per 4D-CBCT were collected and phase-sorted into ten bins. A 4D registration workflow was followed to register the reconstructed time-weighted average CBCT with the planning mid-ventilation (MidV) CT by an initial bone registration of the vertebrae and then tissue registration of the lipiodol. For comparison, projections of each 4D-CBCT were combined to synthesize 3D-CBCT without phase-sorting. Using the lipiodolized tumor, uncertainties of the treatment setup estimated from the absolute and relative lipiodol position to bone were analyzed separately for 4D- and 3D-CBCT. Qualitatively, 3D-CBCT showed better lipiodol contrast than 4D-CBCT primarily because of a tenfold increase of projections used for reconstruction. Motion artifact was observed to subside in 4D-CBCT compared to 3D-CBCT. Group mean, systematic and random errors estimated from 4D- and 3D-CBCT agreed to within 1 mm in the cranio-caudal (CC) and 0.5 mm in the anterior-posterior (AP) and left-right (LR) directions. Systematic and random errors are largest in the CC direction, amounting to 4.7 mm and 3.7 mm from 3D-CBCT and 5.6 mm and 3.8 mm from 4D-CBCT, respectively. Safety margin calculated from 3D-CBCT and 4D-CBCT differed by 2.1, 0.1 and 0.0 mm in the CC, AP, and LR directions. 3D-CBCT is an adequate alternative to 4D-CBCT when lipoid is used for localizing HCC during free-breathing SBRT. Similar margins are anticipated with 3D- and 4D-CBCT.
Electronic structure of Rh and Ru doped Sr2IrO4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chikara, Shalinee; Fabbris, Gilberto; Terzic, Jasminka; Qi, Tongfei; Butrouna, Kamal; Veiga, Larissa; Souza Neto, Narcizo; Cao, Gang; Haskel, Daniel

2014-03-01

Sr2IrO4 is a spin-orbit interaction(SOI) assisted insulator. It has been proposed that the weaker SOI in the 4 d -substituted Sr2Ir1-x(Ru, Rh)xO4 closes the insulating gap, rendering it a paramagnetic metal. Rh(4d5) is isoelectronic to Ir(5d5) whereas Ru(4d4) has one less electron in the 4 d -band. The AFM-I/PM-M transition takes place at lower x for Ru than Rh, presumably due to the effect of hole doping. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements at the Ir L2 , 3 edges show that < L . S > is non-zero and independent of x. This is indicative of a strong local 5 d spin orbit interaction that is rather insensitive to the 4 d doping. In contrast, measurements at the L2 , 3 edges of Ru and Rh show < L . S > ~ 0 for all x. The results point to the importance of local 4 d / 5 d - 2 p hybridization as opposed to 4 d - 5 d band formation in the Rh and Ru doped Sr2IrO4.
Thermal inactivation of avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus in a fat-free egg product.

PubMed

Chmielewski, Revis A; Beck, Joan R; Swayne, David E

2011-07-01

High-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus, low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus, virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) and low-virulent Newcastle disease virus (lNDV) can be present on the eggshell surface, and HPAI viruses and vNDV can be present in the internal contents of chicken eggs laid by infected hens. With the increase in global trade, egg products could present potential biosecurity problems and affect international trade in liquid and dried egg products. Therefore, the generation of survival curves to determine decimal reduction times (D(T)-values) and change in heat resistance of the viruses (z(D)-value) within fat-free egg product could provide valuable information for development of risk reduction strategies. Thermal inactivation studies using A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/83 (H5N2) HPAI virus resulted in D(55)-, D(56)-, D(56.7)-, D(57)-, D(58)-, and D(59)-values of 18.6, 8.5, 3.6, 2.5, 0.4, and 0.4 min, respectively. The z(D)-value was 4.4 °C. LPAI virus A/chicken/New York/13142/94 (H7N2) had D(55)-, D(56.7)-, D(57)-, D(58)-, D(59)-, and D(60)-values of 2.9, 1.4, 0.8, 0.7, 0.7, and 0.5 min, respectively, and a z-value of 0.4 °C. vNDV avian paramyxoviruses of serotype 1 (AMPV-1)/chicken/California/212676/2002 had D(55)-, D(56)-, D(56.7)-, D(57)-, D(58)-, and D(59)-values of 12.4, 9.3, 6.2, 5, 3.7, and 1.7 min, respectively. The z(D)-value was 4.7 °C. lNDV AMPV-1/chicken/United States/B1/1948 had D(55)-, D(57)-, D(58)-, D(59)-, D(61)-, and D(63)-values of 5.3, 2.2, 1.1, 0.55, 0.19, and 0.17 min, respectively, and a z(D)-value of 1.0 °C. Use of these data in developing egg pasteurization standards for AI and NDV-infected countries should allow safer trade in liquid egg products. Copyright ©, International Association for Food Protection
New steroidal glycosides from Tribulus terrestris L.

PubMed

Chen, Gang; Liu, Tao; Lu, Xuan; Wang, Hai-Feng; Hua, Hui-Ming; Pei, Yue-Hu

2012-01-01

Two new steroidal glycosides were isolated from Tribulus terrestris L. Their structures were elucidated as 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5α-furostan-12-one-20(22)-ene-3β,23,26-triol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-β-D-galactopyranoside (1) and 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5α-furostan-20(22)-ene-3β,23,26-triol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-β-D-galactopyranoside (2) by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR experiments.
2'-Deoxy-3,7-dideazaguanosine and related compounds. Synthesis of 6-amino-1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl) and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one via direct glycosylation of a pyrrole precursor.

PubMed Central

Girgis, N S; Cottam, H B; Larson, S B; Robins, R K

1987-01-01

The synthesis of two new analogs of 2'-deoxyguanosine, 6-amino-1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c] pyridin-4(5H)-one (8) and 6-amino-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]-pyridin-4(5H)-one (13) has been accomplished by glycosylation of the sodium salt of ethyl 2-cyanomethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (4c) using 1-chloro-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-alpha-D-erythro-pentofuranose( 5) and 1-chloro-2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D-arabinofuranose (9), respectively. The resulting blocked nucleosides, ethyl 2-cyanomethyl-1-(2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-beta-D-erythro- pentofuranosyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (6) and ethyl 2-cyanomethyl-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)- 1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate, were ring closed with hydrazine to form 5-amino-6-hydrazino-1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-1H- pyrrolo[3,2-c]-pyridin-4(5H)-one (7) and 5,6-diamino-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-1H- pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one (11), respectively. Treatment of 7 with Raney nickel provided the 2'-deoxyguanosine analog 8 while reaction of 11 with Raney nickel followed by palladium hydroxide/cyclohexene treatment gave the 2'-deoxyguanosine analog 13. The anomeric configuration of 8 was assigned as beta by proton NMR, while that of 13 was confirmed as beta by single-crystal X-ray analysis of the deblocked precursor ethyl 2-cyanomethyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (10a). PMID:3593477
Tuning different kinds of entangled metal-organic frameworks by modifying the spacer group of aliphatic dicarboxylate ligands and the reactant ratio.

PubMed

Yang, Jin-Xia; Zhai, Ji-Quan; Zhang, Xin; Qin, Ye-Yan; Yao, Yuan-Gen

2016-01-14

Taking advantage of the conformational flexibility of the bpp ligand and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, six interesting entangled coordination polymers, {[Cd(fum)(bpp)(H2O)]·(H2O)}n (), {[Cd(fum)(bpp)2]·(H2O)5}n (), {[Cd2(suc)1.5(bpp)2(NO3)(H2O)2]·6H2O}n (), {[Cd(suc)(bpp)2]·(H2O)1.5}n (), {[Cd2(glu)2(bpp)3]·10H2O}n (), and {Cd(adp)(bpp)(H2O)}n () have been prepared and structurally characterized (bpp = 1,3-bi(4-pyridyl)propane, fum = fumaric, suc = succinate, glu = glutaric, adp = adipic). Compounds and are comprised of undulated 2D 4(4)-sql networks. In the structure of compound , two identical undulated layers are parallelly interpenetrated with each other to give a 2D → 2D interpenetrating framework. For , the dangling arms projected from 2D layers are intercalated into the neighboring sheets, producing a 2D → 3D polythreading framework. Compound shows a rare example of a 2D self-penetrating framework with a (3,4)-connected (4(2)·6(3)·8)(4(2)·6) topology. Compound presents an unusual 2D self-threading network with a novel 4-connected {4(2)·6(3)·8} topology. Compound displays a 3D self-penetrating system based on a 2D → 3D parallel polycatenation array. Compound exhibits an unprecedented 3D self-penetrating structure having both 1D + 1D → 1D polycatenation and 3D + 3D → 3D interpenetration characteristics. A comparison of these six compounds demonstrates that both the different spacer lengths of the aliphatic dicarboxylates and reactant ratios appear to play a significant role in the assembly of entangled frameworks. In addition, thermal stabilities and photoluminescence properties of have been examined in the solid state at room temperature.
The novel antidyskinetic drug sarizotan elicits different functional responses at human D2-like dopamine receptors.

PubMed

Kuzhikandathil, Eldo V; Bartoszyk, Gerd D

2006-09-01

Sarizotan (EMD 128130) is a chromane derivative that exhibits affinity at serotonin and dopamine receptors. Sarizotan effectively suppresses levodopa-induced dyskinesia in primate and rodent models of Parkinson's disease, and tardive dyskinesia in a rodent model. Results from clinical trials suggest that sarizotan significantly alleviates levodopa-induced dyskinesia. The functional effects of sarizotan on individual dopamine receptor subtypes are not known. Here we report the functional effects of sarizotan on human D2-like dopamine receptors (D2S, D2L, D3, D4.2 and D4.4) individually expressed in the AtT-20 neuroendocrine cell line. Using the coupling of D2-like dopamine receptors to G-protein coupled inward rectifier potassium channels we determined that sarizotan is a full agonist at D3 and D4.4 receptors (EC50=5.6 and 5.4 nM, respectively) but a partial agonist at D2S, D2L and D4.2 receptors (EC50=29, 23 and 4.5 nM, respectively). Consistent with its partial agonist property, sarizotan is an antagonist at D2S and D2L receptors (IC50=52 and 121 nM, respectively). Using the coupling of D2-like dopamine receptors to adenylyl cyclase we determined that sarizotan is a full agonist at D2L, D3, D4.2 and D4.4 receptors (EC50=0.51, 0.47, 0.48 and 0.23 nM, respectively) but a partial agonist at D2S receptors (EC50=0.6 nM).
New chemical constituents from Oryza sativa straw and their algicidal activities against blue-green algae.

PubMed

Ahmad, Ateeque; Kim, Seung-Hyun; Ali, Mohd; Park, Inmyoung; Kim, Jin-Seog; Kim, Eun-Hye; Lim, Ju-Jin; Kim, Seul-Ki; Chung, Ill-Min

2013-08-28

Five new constituents, 5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavone-4'-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-2a-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-2b-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-2c-octadecanoate (1), 5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavone-4'-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-2a-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-2b-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-2c-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-2d-octadecanoate (2), kaempferol-3-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-2a-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-2b-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-2c-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-2d-hexadecanoate (3), methyl salicylate-2-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-2a-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-2b-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-2c-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-2d-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(2e→1f)-2e-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(2f→1g)-2f-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(2g→1h)-2g-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-2h-geranilan-8',10'-dioic acid-1'-oate (4), and oleioyl-β-D-arabinoside (5), along with eight known compounds, were isolated from a methanol extract of Oryza sativa straw. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopies in combination with IR, ESI/MS, and HR-ESI/FTMS. In bioassays with blue-green algae, the efficacies of the algicidal activities of the five new compounds (1-5) were evaluated at concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 mg/L. Compound 5 had the highest growth inhibition (92.6 ± 0.3%) for Microcystis aeruginosa UTEX 2388 at a concentration of 100 ppm (mg/L). Compound 5 has high potential for the ecofriendly control of weeds and algae harmful to water-logged rice.
Molecular Beam Epitaxy on Gas Cluster Ion Beam Prepared GaSb Substrates: Towards Improved Surfaces and Interfaces

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-12-14

20.20 Ga (3d 5 2 ) in Ga2O3 21.00 Sb (4d 5 2 ) in GaSb 31.94 Sb (4d 5 2 ) 33.44 Sb (4d 5 2 ) in Sb2O3 34.50 Sb (4d 5 2 ) in Sb2O5 35.70 GaSb Sb2O3...growth. Once again, only Ga2O3 was observed at the interface. TXPS measurements revealed the presence of the F 1s peak up to substrate temperatures of...with a GaBr3 peak at 22.7 eV. Again, there is no published data for GaBr3 in this region but it is consistentGa2O3 Ga 3d GaSb Ga2O3 GaSb Ga 25 20 15 25
Genetic and physical mapping of the Treacher Collins syndrome locus with respect to loci in the chromosome 5q3 region

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jabs, E.W.; Li, Xiang; Coss, C.

Treacher Collins syndrome is an autosomal dominant, craniofacial developmental disorder, and its locus (TCOF1) has been mapped to chromosome 5q3. To refine the location of the gene within this region, linkage analysis was performed among the TCOF1 locus and 12 loci (IL9, FGFA, GRL, D5S207, D5S210, D5S376, CSF1R, SPARC, D5S119, D5S209, D5S527, FGFR4) in 13 Treacher Collins syndrome families. The highest maximum lod score was obtained between loci TCOF1 and D5S210 (Z = 10.52; [theta] = 0.02 [+-] 0.07). The best order, IL9-GRL-D5S207/D5S210-CSF1R-SPARC-D5S119, and genetic distances among these loci were determined in the 40 CEPH families by multipoint linkage analysis.more » YAC clones were used to establish the order of loci, centromere-5[prime]GRL3[prime]-D5S207-D5S210-D5S376-CSF1R-SPARC-D5S119-telomere. By combining known physical mapping data with ours, the order of chromosome 5q3 markers is centomere-IL9-FGFA-5[prime]GRL3[prime]-D5s207-D5S210-D5S376-CSF1R-SPARC-D5S119-D5S209-FGFR4-telomere. Based on this order, haplotype analysis suggests that the TCOF1 locus resides distal CSF1R and proximal to SPARC within a region less than 1 Mb in size. 29 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.« less
TH-EF-BRA-04: Individually Optimized Contrast-Enhanced 4D-CT for Radiotherapy Simulation in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Choi, W; Xue, M; Lane, B

Purpose: To develop an individually optimized contrast-enhanced (CE) 4D-CT for radiotherapy simulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDA). Methods: Ten PDA patients were enrolled. Each underwent 3 CT scans: a 4D-CT immediately following a CE 3D-CT and an individually optimized CE 4D-CT using test injection. Three physicians contoured the tumor and pancreatic tissues. We compared image quality scores, tumor volume, motion, tumor-to-pancreas contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in the 3 CTs. We also evaluated interobserver variations in contouring the tumor using simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE). Results: Average image quality scores for CE 3DCT and CE 4D-CT were comparablemore » (4.0 and 3.8, respectively; P=0.47), and both were significantly better than that for 4D-CT (2.6, P<0.001). Tumor-to-pancreas contrast results were comparable in CE 3D-CT and CE 4D-CT (15.5 and 16.7 HU, respectively; P=0.71), and the latter was significantly higher than in 4D-CT (9.2 HU, P=0.03). Image noise in CE 3D-CT (12.5 HU) was significantly lower than in CE 4D-CT (22.1 HU, P<0.001) and 4D-CT (19.4 HU, P=0.005). CNRs were comparable in CE 3D-CT and CE 4DCT (1.4 and 0.8, respectively; P=0.23), and the former was significantly better than in 4D-CT (0.6, P = 0.04). Mean tumor volumes were smaller in CE 3D-CT (29.8 cm{sup 3}) and CE 4D-CT (22.8 cm{sup 3}) than in 4D-CT (42.0 cm{sup 3}), although these differences were not statistically significant. Mean tumor motion was comparable in 4D-CT and CE 4D-CT (7.2 and 6.2 mm, P=0.23). Interobserver variations were comparable in CE 3D-CT and CE 4D-CT (Jaccard index 66.0% and 61.9%, respectively) and were worse for 4D-CT (55.6%) than CE 3D-CT. Conclusion: CE 4D-CT demonstrated characteristics comparable to CE 3D-CT, with high potential for simultaneously delineating the tumor and quantifying tumor motion with a single scan. Supported in part by Philips Healthcare.« less
Synthesis of C-5 Substituted Tubercidin Derivatives.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-01

2 invoked bromination of 4- chloro -7-( 2 ’, 3 ’,5’-tri-O-acetyl-r-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo- [2,3...Gerster, J.F.; Robins, R.K.; Townsend, L.B. J. Heterocyclic Chem. 1969, 6, 215-21. 6. 4- Chloro -7-( 2 ’, 3 ’,5’-tri-O-acetyl--D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d...3,3,3-Trifluoropropenyl )tubercidin .. .. ... ........ 2 C. 5-( 3 -Aaninopropyl)tubercidin .. .. ... ..... .... ... 2 D.
40 CFR 86.1313-2007 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... D93 120 130 (°C) (48.9) (54.4) (viii) Viscosity centistokes D445 1.6-2.0 2.0-3.2 (3) Petroleum Diesel...) Flashpoint, min °F D93 130 130 (°C) (54.4) (54.4) (vii) Viscosity centistokes D445 1.2-2.2 1.5-4.5 (b)(4...
40 CFR 86.1313-2007 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... D93 120 130 (°C) (48.9) (54.4) (viii) Viscosity centistokes D445 1.6-2.0 2.0-3.2 (3) Petroleum Diesel...) Flashpoint, min °F D93 130 130 (°C) (54.4) (54.4) (vii) Viscosity centistokes D445 1.2-2.2 1.5-4.5 (b)(4...
New metal-organic complexes based on bis(tetrazole) ligands: Synthesis, structures and properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Ceng-Ceng; Fan, Jian-Zhong; Wang, Xin-Fang; Zhou, Sheng-Bin; Wang, Duo-Zhi

2017-04-01

In this paper, a series of new complexes, [Zn2(HL1)2(H2O)4]·H2O (1), [Co2(HL1)2]·TEA (2), [Co3(HL1)2(H2L1)2(H2O)4]n (3), [Cu(HL1)(H2O)2]n (4), {[Cu5(HL2)2(OH)4(ClO4)2]·4H2O}n (5) and [Cu2(L3)]n (6) were successfully prepared by utilizing three bis(tetrazole) ligands [bis-(1H-tetrazol-5-ylmethyl)-amine (H3L1), bis-(1H-tetrazol-5-ylethyl)-amine (H3L2) and 1,5-bis(5-tetrazolo)-3-thiapentane (H2L3)], all of which have been characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analyses as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses showing different dimensionalities (0D, 1D and 3D). Complexes 1 and 2 are 0D structures, 1 shows a dinuclear structure, 2 displays two crystallographically different mononuclear structures, 1 and 2 are further assembled to form 3D supramolecular framework and 2D supramolecular network by hydrogen-bonding interactions, respectively. Complexes 3, 4 and 5 are 1D structures, 3 features a mononuclear unit and a 1D chain, which are arranged into 3D supramolecular architecture by hydrogen-bonding interactions, 4 presents a zigzag chain, 5 shows an infinite chain structure constructed from pentanuclear Cu(II) subunits and ClO4- anions. Complex 6 exhibits a 3D coordination framework based on cyclic [Cu4(L3)2] dimmer subunits as nodes possessing an 8-connected network topology with the point symbol {424·64}. Further, semiconductor behaviors, the solid-state luminescent properties of the complexes 1-3 and 6 were measured and studied seriously at room temperature.
[D2 lymph node dissection in gastric cancer surgery: long term results--analysis of an experience with 227 patients].

PubMed

Vasilescu, C; Herlea, V; Tidor, S; Ivanov, B; Stănciulea, Oana; Mănuc, M; Gheorghe, C; Ionescu, M; Diculescu, M; Popescu, I

2006-01-01

The main objective of the study was to evaluate the postoperative mortality and 5 year survival in gastric cancer patients undergoing a minimum of D2 lymphadenectomy. A retrospective study was conducted on 1170 patients operated for gastric adenocarcinoma in the Department of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation of Fundeni Clinical Institute, between 1997 and April 2005. Only 443 patients underwent a curative resection, from which 216 patients had D1 resection and in 227 cases a D2 or D3/D4 lymphadenectomy was performed. Information about survival was available for 189 patients of those who had a D1 resection and for 210 of those who underwent a D2 or D3/D4 lymphadenectomy. Postoperative mortality was 6.5% in the group of curative resection, with 9.2% for D1 and 3.9% for D2/D3 D4. Five year survival according to Kaplan Meier curves was 32 % in the D1 group vs. 51,8% in D2/D3-D4 (p <0.0001). Significant differences were noted in the median survival-- D2/D3-D4 group 63 months vs. 28 months in D1 group. Our data support the gastric resection with a minimum of D2 lymphadenectomy in the radical surgery of gastric cancer. However, an accurate interpretation of the statistical interpretation between the different groups of patients is difficult, mainly because of the retrospective character of the study.
Uncovering the Hidden Molecular Signatures of Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-01

0389$&0>!1&! :79).3$$7! ,3D&! 0/8&! )56/%83:)/5! %&=3%*)5=! 93:)&5:! .$)5).3$! 3::%)4(:&0! )5.$(*)5=! :(8/%! =%3*&>! 0:3=&>! HFI ! 0:3:(0>! N&%A! 0:3:(0...5! :,&! 93%:).($3%! ’(&0:)/5! 4&)5=! 302&*! /6! :,&! 93:)&5:! *3:30&:;! P/%! &G389$&>! =)D&5! 3! :%350.%)9:)/53$! 0)=53:(%&! /6! HFI ! 3.:)D3:)/5! B:,3...0>! :,&!=&5&!0&:!./%%&09/5*)5=!:/! :%350.%)9:0! :,3:!3%&!*)66&%&5:)3$$7!&G9%&00&*! 1,&5! HFI ! )0! /D&%R&G9%&00&*E>! 93:)&5:0! 3%&! /%*&%&*! 3
Vitamin D3 supplementation during weight loss: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Mason, Caitlin; Xiao, Liren; Imayama, Ikuyo; Duggan, Catherine; Wang, Ching-Yun; Korde, Larissa; McTiernan, Anne

2014-05-01

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with obesity; whether repletion supports weight loss and changes obesity-related biomarkers is unknown. We compared 12 mo of vitamin D3 supplementation with placebo on weight, body composition, insulin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in postmenopausal women in a weight-loss intervention. A total of 218 overweight/obese women (50-75 y of age) with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] ≥10 ng/mL but <32 ng/mL were randomly assigned to weight loss + 2000 IU oral vitamin D3/d or weight loss + daily placebo. The weight-loss intervention included a reduced-calorie diet (10% weight loss goal) and 225 min/wk of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic activity. Mean 12-mo changes in weight, body composition, serum insulin, CRP, and 25(OH)D were compared between groups (intent-to-treat) by using generalized estimating equations. A total of 86% of participants completed the 12-mo measurements. The mean (95% CI) change in 25(OH)D was 13.6 (11.6, 15.4) ng/mL in the vitamin D3 arm compared with -1.3 (-2.6, -0.3) ng/mL in the placebo arm (P < 0.0001). Changes in weight [-7.1 (-8.7, -5.7) compared with -7.4 (-8.1, -5.4) kg], body mass index (in kg/m(2): both -2.8), waist circumference [-4.9 (-6.7, -2.9) compared with -4.5 (-5.6, -2.6) cm], percentage body fat [-4.1 (-4.9, -2.9) compared with -3.5 (-4.5, -2.5)], trunk fat [-4.1 (-4.7, -3.0) compared with -3.7 (-4.3, -2.9) kg], insulin [-2.5 (-3.4, -1.7) compared with -2.4 (-3.3, -1.4) μU/mL], and CRP [-0.9 (-1.2, -0.6) compared with -0.79 (-0.9, -0.4) mg/L] [corrected] were similar between groups (all P > 0.05). Compared with women who achieved 25(OH)D <32 ng/mL, women randomly assigned to vitamin D who became replete (ie, 25(OH)D ≥32 ng/mL) lost more weight [-8.8 (-11.1, -6.9) compared with -5.6 (-7.2, -5.0) kg; P = 0.05], waist circumference [-6.6 (-9.3, -4.3) compared with -2.5 (-4.6, -2.0) cm; P = 0.02], and percentage body fat [-4.7 (-6.1, -3.5) compared with -2.6 (-3.9, -2.2); P = 0.04]. Among women with complete pill counts (97% adherence), the mean decrease in CRP was 1.18 mg/mL (46%) in the vitamin D arm compared with 0.46 mg/mL (25%) in the placebo arm (P = 0.03). Vitamin D3 supplementation during weight loss did not increase weight loss or associated factors compared with placebo; however, women who became replete experienced greater improvements. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01240213.

[Study on triterpenoid saponins in the rhizome of Anemone hofengensis].

PubMed

Han, Lin-Tao; Li, Ming-Ming; Huang, Fang; Hou, An-Wei

2013-10-01

To study the triterpenoid saponins in the rhizome of Anemone hofengensis. The constituents were separated with various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectral data. Five compounds were isolated and identified as 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-alpha-L-arabino-pyranosyl-oleanolic acid (1), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-oleanolic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 4) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2) [beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-oleanolic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-gluco-pyranoside (3), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), oleanolic acid-28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyra-nosyl-(1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5). Compound 1 - 5 are isolated from this plant for the first time.
Two-electron oxidation of deoxyguanosine by a Ru(III) complex without involving oxygen molecules through disproportionation.

PubMed

Choi, Sunhee; Ryu, DaWeon; DellaRocca, Joseph G; Wolf, Matthew W; Bogart, Justin A

2011-07-18

Among the many mechanisms for the oxidation of guanine derivatives (G) assisted by transition metals, Ru(III) and Pt(IV) metal ions share basically the same principle. Both Ru(III)- and Pt(IV)-bound G have highly positively polarized C8-H's that are susceptible to deprotonation by OH(-), and both undergo two-electron redox reactions. The main difference is that, unlike Pt(IV), Ru(III) is thought to require O(2) to undergo such a reaction. In this study, however, we report that [Ru(III)(NH(3))(5)(dGuo)] (dGuo = deoxyguanosine) yields cyclic-5'-O-C8-dGuo (a two-electron G oxidized product, cyclic-dGuo) without O(2). In the presence of O(2), 8-oxo-dGuo and cyclic-dGuo were observed. Both [Ru(II)(NH(3))(5)(dGuo)] and cyclic-dGuo were produced from [Ru(III)(NH(3))(5)(dGuo)] accelerated by [OH(-)]. We propose that [Ru(III)(NH(3))(5)(dGuo)] disproportionates to [Ru(II)(NH(3))(5)(dGuo)] and [Ru(IV)(NH(3))(4)(NH(2)(-))(dGuo)], followed by a 5'-OH attack on C8 in [Ru(IV)(NH(3))(4)(NH(2)(-))(dGuo)] to initiate an intramolecular two-electron transfer from dGuo to Ru(IV), generating cyclic-dGuo and Ru(II) without involving O(2).
SU-F-BRD-01: A Novel 4D Robust Optimization Mitigates Interplay Effect in Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy for Lung Cancer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, W; Shen, J; Stoker, J

2015-06-15

Purpose: To compare the impact of interplay effect on 3D and 4D robustly optimized intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plans to treat lung cancer. Methods: Two IMPT plans were created for 11 non-small-cell-lung-cancer cases with 6–14 mm spots. 3D robust optimization generated plans on average CTs with the internal gross tumor volume density overridden to deliver 66 CGyE in 33 fractions to the internal target volume (ITV). 4D robust optimization generated plans on 4D CTs with the delivery of prescribed dose to the clinical target volume (CTV). In 4D optimization, the CTV of individual 4D CT phases received non-uniform doses tomore » achieve a uniform cumulative dose. Dose evaluation software was developed to model time-dependent spot delivery to incorporate interplay effect with randomized starting phases of each field per fraction. Patient anatomy voxels were mapped from phase to phase via deformable image registration to score doses. Indices from dose-volume histograms were used to compare target coverage, dose homogeneity, and normal-tissue sparing. DVH indices were compared using Wilcoxon test. Results: Given the presence of interplay effect, 4D robust optimization produced IMPT plans with better target coverage and homogeneity, but slightly worse normal tissue sparing compared to 3D robust optimization (unit: Gy) [D95% ITV: 63.5 vs 62.0 (p=0.014), D5% - D95% ITV: 6.2 vs 7.3 (p=0.37), D1% spinal cord: 29.0 vs 29.5 (p=0.52), Dmean total lung: 14.8 vs 14.5 (p=0.12), D33% esophagus: 33.6 vs 33.1 (p=0.28)]. The improvement of target coverage (D95%,4D – D95%,3D) was related to the ratio RMA3/(TVx10−4), with RMA and TV being respiratory motion amplitude (RMA) and tumor volume (TV), respectively. Peak benefit was observed at ratios between 2 and 10. This corresponds to 125 – 625 cm3 TV with 0.5-cm RMA. Conclusion: 4D optimization produced more interplay-effect-resistant plans compared to 3D optimization. It is most effective when respiratory motion is modest compared to TV. NIH/NCI K25CA168984; Eagles Cancer Research Career Development; The Lawrence W. and Marilyn W. Matteson Fund for Cancer Research; Mayo ASU Seed Grant; The Kemper Marley Foundation.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Yazhen; Musser, Sarah K.; Saleh, Sam

1,N{sup 2}-Propanodeoxyguanosine (PdG) is a stable structural analogue for the 3-(2'-deoxy-{beta}-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-?]purin-10(3H)-one (M{sub 1}dG) adduct derived from exposure of DNA to base propenals and to malondialdehyde. The structures of ternary polymerase-DNA-dNTP complexes for three template-primer DNA sequences were determined, with the Y-family Sulfolobus solfataricus DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4), at resolutions between 2.4 and 2.7 {angstrom}. Three template 18-mer-primer 13-mer sequences, 5'-d(TCACXAAATCCTTCCCCC)-3'{center_dot}5'-d(GGGGGAAGGATTT)-3' (template I), 5'-d(TCACXGAATCCTTCCCCC)-3'{center_dot}5'-d(GGGGGAAGGATTC)-3' (template II), and 5'-d(TCATXGAATCCTTCCCCC)-3'{center_dot}5'-d(GGGGGAAGGATTC)-3' (template III), where X is PdG, were analyzed. With templates I and II, diffracting ternary complexes including dGTP were obtained. The dGTP did not pair with PdG, but instead with the 5'-neighboring templatemore » dC, utilizing Watson-Crick geometry. Replication bypass experiments with the template-primer 5?-TCACXAAATCCTTACGAGCATCGCCCCC-3'{center_dot}5'-GGGGGCGATGCTCGTAAGGATTT-3', where X is PdG, which includes PdG in the 5'-CXA-3' template sequence as in template I, showed that the Dpo4 polymerase inserted dGTP and dATP when challenged by the PdG adduct. For template III, in which the template sequence was 5'-TXG-3', a diffracting ternary complex including dATP was obtained. The dATP did not pair with PdG, but instead with the 5'-neighboring T, utilizing Watson-Crick geometry. Thus, all three ternary complexes were of the 'type II' structure described for ternary complexes with native DNA [Ling, H., Boudsocq, F., Woodgate, R., and Yang, W. (2001) Cell 107, 91--102]. The PdG adduct remained in the anti conformation about the glycosyl bond in each of these threee ternary complexes. These results provide insight into how -1 frameshift mutations might be generated for the PdG adduct, a structural model for the exocylic M{sub 1}dG adduct formed by malondialdehyde.« less
Recognition of O6-benzyl-2′-deoxyguanosine by a perimidinone-derived synthetic nucleoside: a DNA interstrand stacking interaction

PubMed Central

Kowal, Ewa A.; Lad, Rahul R.; Pallan, Pradeep S.; Dhummakupt, Elizabeth; Wawrzak, Zdzislaw; Egli, Martin; Sturla, Shana J.; Stone, Michael P.

2013-01-01

The 2′-deoxynucleoside containing the synthetic base 1-[(2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1H-perimidin-2(3H)-one] (dPer) recognizes in DNA the O6-benzyl-2′-deoxyguanosine nucleoside (O6-Bn-dG), formed by exposure to N-benzylmethylnitrosamine. Herein, we show how dPer distinguishes between O6-Bn-dG and dG in DNA. The structure of the modified Dickerson–Drew dodecamer (DDD) in which guanine at position G4 has been replaced by O6-Bn-dG and cytosine C9 has been replaced with dPer to form the modified O6-Bn-dG:dPer (DDD-XY) duplex [5′-d(C1G2C3X4A5A6T7T8Y9G10C11G12)-3′]2 (X = O6-Bn-dG, Y = dPer) reveals that dPer intercalates into the duplex and adopts the syn conformation about the glycosyl bond. This provides a binding pocket that allows the benzyl group of O6-Bn-dG to intercalate between Per and thymine of the 3′-neighbor A:T base pair. Nuclear magnetic resonance data suggest that a similar intercalative recognition mechanism applies in this sequence in solution. However, in solution, the benzyl ring of O6-Bn-dG undergoes rotation on the nuclear magnetic resonance time scale. In contrast, the structure of the modified DDD in which cytosine at position C9 is replaced with dPer to form the dG:dPer (DDD-GY) [5′-d(C1G2C3G4A5A6T7T8Y9G10C11G12)-3′]2 duplex (Y = dPer) reveals that dPer adopts the anti conformation about the glycosyl bond and forms a less stable wobble pairing interaction with guanine. PMID:23748954
Novel Analogues of (R)-5-(Methylamino)-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[4,5,1-ij]quinolin-2(1H)-one (Sumanirole) Provide Clues to Dopamine D2/D3 Receptor Agonist Selectivity

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Novel 1-, 5-, and 8-substituted analogues of sumanirole (1), a dopamine D2/D3 receptor (D2R/D3R) agonist, were synthesized. Binding affinities at both D2R and D3R were higher when determined in competition with the agonist radioligand [3H]7-hydroxy-N,N-dipropyl-2-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) than with the antagonist radioligand [3H]N-methylspiperone. Although 1 was confirmed as a D2R-preferential agonist, its selectivity in binding and functional studies was lower than previously reported. All analogues were determined to be D2R/D3R agonists in both GoBRET and mitogenesis functional assays. Loss of efficacy was detected for the N-1-substituted analogues at D3R. In contrast, the N-5-alkyl-substituted analogues, and notably the n-butyl-arylamides (22b and 22c), all showed improved affinity at D2R over 1 with neither a loss of efficacy nor an increase in selectivity. Computational modeling provided a structural basis for the D2R selectivity of 1, illustrating how subtle differences in the highly homologous orthosteric binding site (OBS) differentially affect D2R/D3R affinity and functional efficacy. PMID:27035329
Calcium affecting protein expression in longan under simulated acid rain stress.

PubMed

Pan, Tengfei; Li, Yongyu; Ma, Cuilan; Qiu, Dongliang

2015-08-01

Longan (Dimocarpus longana Lour. cv. Wulongling) of uniform one-aged seedlings grown in pots were selected to study specific proteins expressed in leaves under simulated acid rain (SiAR) stress and exogenous Ca(2+) regulation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results showed that there was a protein band specifically expressed under SiAR of pH 2.5 stress for 15 days with its molecular weight of about 23 kD. A 17 kD protein band specifically expressed after SiAR stress 5 days. Compared with pH 2.5, the pH 3.5 of SiAR made a less influence to protein expression. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) results showed that six new specific proteins including C4 (20.2 kD pI 6.0), F (24 kD pI 6.35), B3 (22.3 kD pI 6.35), B4 (23.5 kD pI 6.5), C5 (21.8 kD pI 5.6), and C6 (20.2 kD pI 5.6) specifically expressed. C4 always expressed during SiAR stress. F expressed under the stress of pH 2.5 for 15 days and expressed in all pH SiAR stress for 20 days. The expression of proteins including B3, C5, and C6 was related to pH value and stress intensity of SiAR. The expression of B4 resulted from synergistic effects of SiAR and Ca. The expression of G1 (Mr 19.3 kD, pI 4.5), G2 (Mr 17.8 kD, pI 4.65), G3 (Mr 16.6 kD, pI 4.6), and G4 (Mr 14.7 kD, pI 4.4) enhanced under the treatment of 5 mM ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and 2 mM chlorpromazine (CPZ). These proteins showed antagonistic effects and might be relative to the Ca-calmodulin (Ca-CaM) system of longan in response to SiAR stress.
Steroidal saponins from Tribulus terrestris.

PubMed

Kang, Li-Ping; Wu, Ke-Lei; Yu, He-Shui; Pang, Xu; Liu, Jie; Han, Li-Feng; Zhang, Jie; Zhao, Yang; Xiong, Cheng-Qi; Song, Xin-Bo; Liu, Chao; Cong, Yu-Wen; Ma, Bai-Ping

2014-11-01

Sixteen steroidal saponins, including seven previously unreported compounds, were isolated from Tribulus terrestris. The structures of the saponins were established using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and chemical methods. They were identified as: 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-4-en-2α,3β,22α,26-tetrol-12-one (terrestrinin C), 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-4-en-22α,26-diol-3,12-dione (terrestrinin D), 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-furost-4-en-22α,26-diol-3,6,12-trione (terrestrinin E), 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5α-furostan-3β,22α,26-triol-12-one (terrestrinin F), 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-4-en-12β,22α,26-triol-3-one (terrestrinin G), 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-4-en-22α,26-diol-3,12-dione (terrestrinin H), and 24-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5α-spirostan-3β,24β-diol-12-one-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-galactopyranoside (terrestrinin I). The isolated compounds were evaluated for their platelet aggregation activities. Three of the known saponins exhibited strong effects on the induction of platelet aggregation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Formation of Fused-Ring 2′-Deoxycytidine Adducts from 1-Chloro-3-buten-2-one, an in Vitro 1,3-Butadiene Metabolite, under in Vitro Physiological Conditions

PubMed Central

Sun, Liang; Pelah, Avishay; Zhang, Dong-Ping; Zhong, Yu-Fang; An, Jing; Yu, Ying-Xin; Zhang, Xin-Yu; Elfarra, Adnan A.

2013-01-01

1-Chloro-3-buten-2-one (CBO) is a potential metabolite of 1,3-butadiene (BD), a carcinogenic air pollutant. CBO is a bifunctional alkylating agent that readily reacts with glutathione (GSH) to form mono-GSH and di-GSH adducts. Recently, CBO and its precursor 1-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-butene (CHB) were found to be cytotoxic and genotoxic in human liver cells in culture with CBO being approximately 100-fold more potent than CHB. In the present study, CBO was shown to react readily with 2′-deoxycytidine (dC) under in vitro physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37 °C) to form four dC adducts with the CBO moieties forming fused rings with the N3 and N4 atoms of dC. The four products were structurally characterized as 2-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-7-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahy dro-6-oxo-6H,7H-pyrimido[1,6-a]pyrimidin-5-ium (dC-1 and dC-2, a pair of diastereomers), 4-chloromethyl-4-hydroxy-7-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydr o-6-oxo-6H,7H-pyrimido[1,6-a]pyrimidin-5-ium (dC-3), and 2-chloromethyl-2-hydroxy-7-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydr o-6-oxo-6H,7H-pyrimido[1,6-a]pyrimidin-5-ium (dC-4). Interestingly, dC-1 and dC-2 were stable under our experimental conditions (pH 7.4, 37 °C, 6 h) and existed in equilibrium as indicated by HPLC analysis, whereas dC-3 and dC-4 were labile with the half-lives being 3.0 ± 0.36 and 1.7 ± 0.06 h, respectively. Decomposition of dC-4 produced both dC-1 and dC-2, whereas acid hydrolysis of dC-1/dC-2 and dC-4 in 1 M HCl at 100 °C for 30 min yielded the deribosylated adducts dC-1H/dC-2H and dC-4H, respectively. Because fused-ring dC adducts of other chemicals are mutagenic, the characterized CBO-dC adducts could be mutagenic and play a role in the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CBO and its precursors, CHB and BD. The CBO-dC adducts may also be used as standards to characterize CBO-DNA adducts and to develop potential biomarkers for CBO formation in vivo. PMID:24020501
Clinical utility of simultaneous quantitation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D by LC-MS/MS involving derivatization with DMEQ-TAD.

PubMed

Kaufmann, Martin; Gallagher, J Christopher; Peacock, Munro; Schlingmann, Karl-Peter; Konrad, Martin; DeLuca, Hector F; Sigueiro, Rita; Lopez, Borja; Mourino, Antonio; Maestro, Miguel; St-Arnaud, René; Finkelstein, Joel S; Cooper, Donald P; Jones, Glenville

2014-07-01

The discovery of hypercalcemic diseases due to loss-of-function mutations in 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase has placed a new demand for sensitive and precise assays for 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25-(OH)2D]. We describe a novel liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry-based method involving derivatization with DMEQ-TAD {4-[2-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinoxalinyl)ethyl]-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione} to simultaneously assay multiple vitamin D metabolites including 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) and 24,25-(OH)2D using 100 μL of serum with a 5-minute run time. The assay uses a newly synthesized internal standard d6-24,25-(OH)2D3 enabling the quantitation of 24,25-(OH)2D3 as well as the determination of the ratio of 25-OH-D3 to 24,25-(OH)2D3, a physiologically useful parameter. We report data on more than 1000 normal and disease samples involving vitamin D deficiency or hypercalcemia in addition to studies involving knockout mouse models. The assay showed good correlation with samples from quality assurance schemes for 25-OH-D (25-OH-D2 and 25-OH-D3) determination (-2% to -5% bias) and exhibited low inter- and intraassay coefficients of variation (4%-7%) and lower limits of quantitation of 0.25-0.45 nmol/L. In clinical studies, we found a strong correlation between serum levels of 25-OH-D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 (r(2) = 0.80) in subjects over a broad range of 25-OH-D3 values and a marked lack of production of 24,25-(OH)2D3 below 25 nmol/L of 25-OH-D. The ratio of 25-OH-D3 to 24,25-(OH)2D3, which remained less than 25 in vitamin D-sufficient subjects (serum 25-OH-D < 50 nmol/L) but was greatly elevated (80-100) in patients with idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia. The new method showed good utility in clinical settings involving vitamin D deficiency; supplementation with vitamin D and idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia, as well as in animal models with ablation of selected cytochrome P450-containing enzymes involved in vitamin D metabolism.
The cryoablation of lung tissue using liquid nitrogen in gel and in the ex vivo pig lung.

PubMed

Nomori, Hiroaki; Yamazaki, Ikuo; Kondo, Toshiya; Kanno, Masaya

2017-02-01

To examine the efficiency of cryoablation using liquid nitrogen in lung tissue, we measured the size and temperature distribution of the frozen area (iceball) in gel and in the ex vivo pig lungs. Cryoprobes with diameters of 2.4 and 3.4 mm (2.4D and 3.4D, respectively) were used. Three temperature sensors were positioned at the surface of the cryoprobe and at distances of 0.5 and 1.5 cm from the cryoprobe. The ex vivo pig lungs were perfused with 37 °C saline and inflated using ventilator to simulate in vivo lung conditions. In gel, the 2.4D and 3.4D probes made iceballs of 3.9 ± 0.1 and 4.8 ± 0.3 cm in diameter, respectively, and the temperature at 1.5 cm from those probes reached -32 ± 8 and -53 ± 5 °C, respectively. In the pig lung, the 2.4D and 3.4D probes made iceballs of 5.2 ± 0.1 and 5.5 ± 0.4 cm in diameter, respectively, and the temperature at 1.5 cm from these probes reached -49 ± 5 and -58 ± 3 °C, respectively. Liquid nitrogen cryoablation using both 2.4D and 3.4D probes made iceballs that were of sufficient size, and effective temperatures were reached in both gel and the ex vivo pig lung.
40 CFR 86.1313-2007 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., min °F D93 120 130 ( °C) (48.9) (54.4) (viii) Viscosity centistokes D445 1.6-2.0 2.0-3.2 (3) Petroleum...) Flashpoint, min °F D93 130 130 ( °C) (54.4) (54.4) (vii) Viscosity centistokes D445 1.2-2.2 1.5-4.5 (b)(4...
Synthetic mucin fragments: synthesis of O-sulfo and O-methyl derivatives of allyl O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D- galactopyranoside as potential compounds for sulfotransferases.

PubMed

Jain, R K; Piskorz, C F; Matta, K L

1995-10-02

Allyl 2-acetamido-4,6-O-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galact opy ranoside (1) was condensed with either 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl bromide (2) or 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-6-O-bromoacetyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl bromide (14) in the presence of mercuric cyanide. Selective substitution with methyl, sulfo or both at desired positions, followed by the removal of protecting groups, afforded allyl O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-methyl-alpha -D- galactopyranoside (5), allyl O-(6-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranosyl sodium salt)-(1-->3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6- O-methyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (10), allyl O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-alpha- D- galactopyranoside sodium salt (13), allyl O-(6-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranosyl sodium salt)-(1-->3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy- alpha-D-galactopyranoside (17) and allyl O-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranosyl sodium salt)-(1-->3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy- alpha-D-galactopyranoside (22). The structures of compounds 5, 10, 13, 17 and 22 were established by 13C NMR and FAB mass spectroscopy.
Comparative studies on performance of CCC and preparative RP-HPLC in separation and purification of steroid saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright

PubMed Central

Zhang, Xinxin; Liang, Jinru; Zhang, Yongmin; Liu, Jianli; Sun, Wenji; Ito, Yoichiro

2015-01-01

Steroid saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright were separated for the first time using two chromatographic methods for comparison: counter-current chromatography (CCC) coupled with evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) and preparative reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with an ultraviolet detector. Ethyl acetate-n-butanol-methanol-water (4:1:2:4, v/v) was chosen as the two-phase solvent system for CCC, while the acetonitrile-water (25:75 for the first step and15:85 for the second step, v/v) was used as the mobile phase in the preparative RP-HPLC. The following five steroid saponins were purified by theses two chromatographic methods, in one-step operation by CCC and by two-step operation in preparative RP-HPLC: 1) 26-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-en-3β, 22ζ, 26-triol-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound A), 2) 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-en-3β, 22ζ, 4) 26-triol-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound B), 3) 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-en-3β, 22ζ, 26-triol-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound C), 4) 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5, 20(22)-diene-3β, 26-diol-3-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]}-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound D) and 5) 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5, 20(22)-diene-3β, 26-diol-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosy-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound E). The purities of these five steroid saponins separated by both methods were over 95%, and structural identification of these compounds was performed by ESI-MS, and 13C NMR. Comparison of these two established approaches revealed that CCC required a longer separation time but with less solvent consumption, whereas preparative RP-HPLC gave a shorter separation time but with higher solvent consumption. These results demonstrated that either of these two methods of different separation mechanism is feasible, economical and efficient for rapid preparative isolation and purification of steroid saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright. PMID:26726306
Comparative studies on performance of CCC and preparative RP-HPLC in separation and purification of steroid saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright.

PubMed

Zhang, Xinxin; Liang, Jinru; Zhang, Yongmin; Liu, Jianli; Sun, Wenji; Ito, Yoichiro

2015-03-01

Steroid saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright were separated for the first time using two chromatographic methods for comparison: counter-current chromatography (CCC) coupled with evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) and preparative reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with an ultraviolet detector. Ethyl acetate-n-butanol-methanol-water (4:1:2:4, v/v) was chosen as the two-phase solvent system for CCC, while the acetonitrile-water (25:75 for the first step and15:85 for the second step, v/v) was used as the mobile phase in the preparative RP-HPLC. The following five steroid saponins were purified by theses two chromatographic methods, in one-step operation by CCC and by two-step operation in preparative RP-HPLC: 1) 26-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-en-3β, 22ζ, 26-triol-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside ( compound A ), 2) 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-en-3β, 22ζ, 4) 26-triol-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside ( compound B ), 3) 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-en-3β, 22ζ, 26-triol-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside ( compound C ), 4) 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5, 20(22)-diene-3β, 26-diol-3-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]}-β-D-glucopyranoside ( compound D ) and 5) 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5, 20(22)-diene-3β, 26-diol-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosy-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside ( compound E ). The purities of these five steroid saponins separated by both methods were over 95%, and structural identification of these compounds was performed by ESI-MS, and 13 C NMR. Comparison of these two established approaches revealed that CCC required a longer separation time but with less solvent consumption, whereas preparative RP-HPLC gave a shorter separation time but with higher solvent consumption. These results demonstrated that either of these two methods of different separation mechanism is feasible, economical and efficient for rapid preparative isolation and purification of steroid saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright.
Novel selective human melanocortin-3 receptor ligands: Use of the 4-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2-benzazepin-3-one (Aba) scaffold

PubMed Central

Ballet, Steven; Mayorov, Alexander V.; Cai, Minying; Tymecka, Dagmara; Chandler, Kevin B.; Palmer, Erin S.; Van Rompaey, Karolien; Misicka, Aleksandra; Tourwé, Dirk; Hruby, Victor J.

2008-01-01

In search of new selective antagonists and/or agonists for the human melanocortin receptor subtypes hMC1R to hMC5R to elucidate the specific biological roles of each GPCR, we modified the structures of the superagonist MT-II (Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2) and the hMC3R/hMC4R antagonist SHU9119 (Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-D-Nal(2′)-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2) by replacing the His-D-Phe and His-D-Nal(2′) fragments in MT-II and SHU9119, respectively, with Aba-Xxx (4-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2-benzazepin-3-one-Xxx) dipeptidomimetics (Xxx = D-Phe/pCl-D-Phe/D-Nal(2′)). Employment of the Aba mimetic yielded novel selective high affinity hMC3R and hMC3R/hMC5R antagonists. PMID:17314042
The Human Side of Cyber Conflict: Organizing, Training, and Equipping the Air Force Cyber Workforce

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

Breakdown of the 17D community as of 31 March 2014. (Reproduced from 17D Officer Assignment Team, Cyberspace Operations “Spread the Word” briefing, 9– 11 ...surety 3D0X4 Computer systems programs 3D1X1 Client systems 3D1X2 Cyber transport 3D1X3 Radio frequency transport 3D1X4 Spectrum operations 3D1X5 Radar...Computer systems programs 3D1X1 Client systems 3D1X2 Cyber transport systems 3D1X3 Radio frequency transmissionsystems FORCE DEVELOPMENT │ 123 Table 8
Vitamin D4 in mushrooms.

PubMed

Phillips, Katherine M; Horst, Ronald L; Koszewski, Nicholas J; Simon, Ryan R

2012-01-01

An unknown vitamin D compound was observed in the HPLC-UV chromatogram of edible mushrooms in the course of analyzing vitamin D(2) as part of a food composition study and confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to be vitamin D(4) (22-dihydroergocalciferol). Vitamin D(4) was quantified by HPLC with UV detection, with vitamin [(3)H] itamin D(3) as an internal standard. White button, crimini, portabella, enoki, shiitake, maitake, oyster, morel, chanterelle, and UV-treated portabella mushrooms were analyzed, as four composites each of a total of 71 samples from U.S. retail suppliers and producers. Vitamin D(4) was present (>0.1 µg/100 g) in a total of 18 composites and in at least one composite of each mushroom type except white button. The level was highest in samples with known UV exposure: vitamin D enhanced portabella, and maitake mushrooms from one supplier (0.2-7.0 and 22.5-35.4 µg/100 g, respectively). Other mushrooms had detectable vitamin D(4) in some but not all samples. In one composite of oyster mushrooms the vitamin D(4) content was more than twice that of D(2) (6.29 vs. 2.59 µg/100 g). Vitamin D(4) exceeded 2 µg/100 g in the morel and chanterelle mushroom samples that contained D(4), but was undetectable in two morel samples. The vitamin D(4) precursor 22,23-dihydroergosterol was found in all composites (4.49-16.5 mg/100 g). Vitamin D(4) should be expected to occur in mushrooms exposed to UV light, such as commercially produced vitamin D enhanced products, wild grown mushrooms or other mushrooms receiving incidental exposure. Because vitamin D(4) coeluted with D(3) in the routine HPLC analysis of vitamin D(2) and an alternate mobile phase was necessary for resolution, researchers analyzing vitamin D(2) in mushrooms and using D(3) as an internal standard should verify that the system will resolve vitamins D(3) and D(4).
Spatiotemporal characteristics of regional drought occurrence in East Asia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oh, Su-Bin; Byun, Hi-Ryong; Kim, Do-Woo

2014-07-01

Droughts in the East Asian region (105-150°E, 20-50°N) are quantified using the effective drought index (EDI) over a period of 43 years, from 1962 to 2004, and the East Asian region was classified into six subregions on the basis of similarity in drought climate: (D1) South China; (D2) lower region of the Yangtze River, South Korea, and Central/South Japan; (D3) Central China and North Korea; (D4) Northwest China and middle region of the Yangtze River; (D5) North China; and (D6) Northeast China and North Japan. The EDI time series was then summarized for the different drought subregions and a drought map was created that shows the spatiotemporal characteristics of regional drought occurrence in East Asia. The map shows that in subregions, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, and D6, there were 50 (11.63 per decade), 36 (8.37 per decade), 30 (6.98 per decade), 28 (6.51 per decade), 29 (6.74 per decade), and 33 (7.67 per decade) drought occurrences, respectively. The most common characteristic of droughts in the subregions is that short-term droughts (<200 days) which mainly occur in spring and summer, whereas long-term droughts (≥200 days) mainly occur in autumn and winter. D1 shows the highest frequency of short-term droughts. Short-term droughts occur more frequently than long-term droughts in D2 and D3, but D4 and D6 showed a higher frequency of long-term droughts than short-term droughts. D5 showed a similar frequency of short- and long-term droughts. Drought onset dates are evenly distributed throughout the year for D1, D2, and D3, but distributed mostly in spring and summer in D4, D5, and D6. All the differences are linked to variations in the precipitation cycle of each subregion. In terms of annual variations in drought occurrence, D2 showed weakening droughts (the annual lowest EDI shows a positive trend), whereas the other subregions showed intensifying droughts (the annual lowest EDI shows a negative trend). The greatest intensifying trend was observed in D5, followed by D3, D6, D4, and D1.
Synthesis of methyl 2-O- and 3-O-alpha-D-talopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside.

PubMed

Rana, S S; Matta, K L

1986-09-01

Methyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-O-[6-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-alpha-D- mannopyranosyl]-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (2) was synthesized by treatment of methyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside with tert-butylchlorodiphenylsilane in the presence of imidazole. Isopropylidenation, followed by oxidation with pyridinium chlorochromate, and stereoselective reduction with sodium borohydride, converted 2 into methyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-O-[6-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-2,3-O-isopro pylidene- alpha-D-talopyranosyl]-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (5). Treatment of 5 with a molar solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride in dry oxolane produced a diol which, on O-de-isopropylidenation followed by catalytic hydrogenolysis, afforded the disaccharide glycoside methyl 2-O-alpha-D-talopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside. Synthesis of methyl 3-O-alpha-D-talopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside was accomplished by a similar reaction-sequence. The structures of the final disaccharides, and of various other intermediates, were established by 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cao, Lingyun; Lin, Zekai; Shi, Wenjie

The dimensionality dependency of resonance energy transfer is of great interest due to its importance in understanding energy transfer on cell membranes and in low-dimension nanostructures. Light harvesting two-dimensional metal–organic layers (2D-MOLs) and three-dimensional metal–organic frameworks (3D-MOFs) provide comparative models to study such dimensionality dependence with molecular accuracy. Here we report the construction of 2D-MOLs and 3D-MOFs from a donor ligand 4,4',4''-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tris(ethyne-2,1-diyl))tribenzoate (BTE) and a doped acceptor ligand 3,3',3''-nitro-4,4',4''-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tris(ethyne-2,1-diyl))tribenzoate (BTE-NO2). These 2D-MOLs and 3D-MOFs are connected by similar hafnium clusters, with key differences in the topology and dimensionality of the metal–ligand connection. Energy transfer from donors to acceptors through themore » 2D-MOL or 3D-MOF skeletons is revealed by measuring and modeling the fluorescence quenching of the donors. We found that energy transfer in 3D-MOFs is more efficient than that in 2D-MOLs, but excitons on 2D-MOLs are more accessible to external quenchers as compared with those in 3D-MOFs. These results not only provide support to theoretical analysis of energy transfer in low dimensions, but also present opportunities to use efficient exciton migration in 2D materials for light-harvesting and fluorescence sensing.« less
The Results of Toric Intraocular Lens Implantation in Patients With Cataract and High Astigmatism After Penetrating Keratoplasty.

PubMed

Müftüoğlu, İlkay Klç; Akova, Yonca Aydn; Egrilmez, Sait; Yilmaz, Suzan Guven

2016-03-01

To evaluate the results of toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with cataract and postpenetrating keratoplasty astigmatism. Seven eyes of 7 patients with cataract and more than 3.5 diopters (D) astigmatism following penetrating keratoplasty were included in this retrospective case series study. All of the eyes underwent phacoemulsification and Acrysof toric IOL (t5-t9) implantation at least 6 months later than the complete suture removal. Corrected visual acuity (CVA), manifest astigmatism, the keratometry measurements, and complications were assessed. The mean preoperative CVA significantly increased (0.7±0.3 [range: 0.3-1.3] logMAR to 0.1±0.04 [range: 0.05-0.15] logMAR; P<0.05) at mean 8.71±4.11 months after the surgery. The mean preoperative corneal astigmatism and the average manifest refractive astigmatism at the last visit were 5.4±0.9 D (range: 4.25-7 D) and 1.6±0.6 D (range: 0.5-2.5 D), respectively. The mean attempted cylinder correction at spectacle plane was 4.3±0.9 D (range: 2.4-4.7 D) whereas the mean cylinder correction was 4.6±0.5 D (range: 3.9-5.9 D), showing a slightly tendency for overcorrection. All eyes (100%) were within 1 D of predicted residual astigmatism. No complication occurred during the follow-up. Toric IOL implantation seems to be an effective, predictable, and safe procedure in patients with cataract formation and high astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty.
Alcohol Consumption and the Risk for Developing Pancreatitis: A Case-Control Study in Japan.

PubMed

Kume, Kiyoshi; Masamune, Atsushi; Ariga, Hiroyuki; Shimosegawa, Tooru

2015-01-01

This study aimed to estimate the association of alcohol consumption and pancreatitis in Japan. We performed a nationwide case-control study, which included 982 patients (574 patients with acute pancreatitis and 408 patients with chronic pancreatitis) and 1015 controls who were individually matched for sex, age, hospital, and time of their first hospital visit. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the association of alcohol consumption and smoking with pancreatitis. The patients had a mean (SD) age of 57.6 (17.0) years; 71.8% were male. Compared with nondrinkers, alcohol consumption of less than 20 g/d was not associated with the risk for total pancreatitis (odds ratio [OR], 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7-1.4). In patients with acute pancreatitis, the ORs (95% CI) for alcohol consumption of 20 ≤ ∼ < 40 g/d, 40 ≤ ∼ < 60 g/d, 60 ≤ ∼ < 80 g/d, 80 ≤ ∼ < 100 g/d, and 100 g/d or greater were 1.7 (0.9-3.0), 3.1 (1.6-5.9), 4.2 (2.1-8.2), 5.3 (2.4-12.0), and 6.4 (3.4-12.4), respectively. In patients with chronic pancreatitis, the ORs (95% CI) for alcohol consumption of 20 ≤ ∼ < 40 g/d, 40 ≤ ∼ < 60 g/d, 60 ≤ ∼ < 80 g/d, 80 ≤ ∼ < 100 g/d, and 100 g/d or greater were 2.6 (1.2-5.5), 3.2 (1.5-7.1), 9.2 (4.1-20.3), 13.0 (5.3-31.6), and 19.6 (8.2-46.8), respectively. Our study precisely measured the quantitative effect of alcohol on the risk for developing pancreatitis.
The Henry reaction of (1R)-(1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-mannitol-2-yl)-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-fructose 5,5'-dinitrate. Different reactive features of nitromethane to nitroethane.

PubMed

Liu, Feng-Wu; Wang, Zhen-Ji; Song, Xiao-Ping; Zhang, Sai-Yang; Liu, Hong-Min

2009-12-14

Henry reactions of a novel higher sugar derivative, (1R)-(1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-mannitol-2-yl)-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-fructose 5,5'-dinitrate (Alternate nomenclature: (1R)-(isomannid-2-yl)-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-fructose 5,5'-dinitrate), with nitromethane and nitroethane were studied. The kinetic and thermodynamic reactions with nitromethane under different conditions were carried out to afford (2S)- and (2R)-beta-nitroalcohols, respectively. But when using nitroethane the reaction gave a (2S)-beta-nitroalcohol with an inverted configuration at vicinal carbon C-1. Two stereogenic centers were generated, and one was altered in the reaction.
Synthesis and luminescence properties of Ca3Ga2Si3O12:RE3+ (RE = Eu/Tb) powder phosphors.

PubMed

Reddy, M Bhushana; Sailaja, S; Raju, K Vemasevana; Raju, C Nageswara; Giridhar, P; Rao, B Vengala; Reddy, B Sudhakar

2011-01-01

Rare earth ions (Eu(3+) or Tb(3+) )-activated Ca(3) Ga(2) Si(3) O(12) (CaGaSi) phosphors were synthesized by using a sol-gel method. Photoluminescence spectra of Eu(3+):CaGaSi phosphors exhibited five emission bands at 578, 592, 612, 652 and 701 nm, which were assigned to the transitions ((5)D(0) → (7)F(0), (7)F(1,)(7)F(2), (7)F(3) and (7)F(4)), respectively, with an excitation wavelength of λ(exci) = 392 nm. Among these, the transition (5) D(0) → (7) F(2) (612 nm) displayed bright red emission. In the case of Tb(3+):CaGaSi phosphors, four emission bands were observed at 488 ((5)D(4) → (7)F(6)), 543 ((5)D(4) → (7)F(5)), 584 ((5)D(4) → (7)F(4)) and 614 nm ((5)D(4) → (7) F(3) ) from the measurement of PL spectra with λ(exci) = 376 nm. Among these, the transition (5)D(4) → (7) F(5) at 543 nm displayed bright green emission. The structure and morphology of the phosphors were studied from the measurements of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using mechanisms of hydrolysis and sorption to reduce siloxanes occurrence in biogas of anaerobic sludge digesters.

PubMed

Gatidou, Georgia; Arvaniti, Olga S; Stasinakis, Athanasios S; Thomaidis, Nikolaos S; Andersen, Henrik R

2016-12-01

Hydrolysis of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) and dodecamethylcyclohexasilane (D6_silane) and their sorption to digested sludge was studied in batch experiments. Hydrolysis was affected by the type of the compound and the applied temperature, while the relevant half-life values ranged between 0.07±0.01d (D3, 55°C) and 48.4±17.1d (D6_silane, 4°C). D5 showed the greatest affinity for sorption to digested sludge (logK d : 3.84±3.42), the lowest LogK d value was found for D3 (1.46±0.95). Prediction of investigated compounds' fate in a single-stage anaerobic digestion system indicated that volatilization seems to be the major fate in both mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The addition of a pre-digester with 3d retention time would significantly decrease the expected concentrations of all siloxanes in biogas, enhancing their removal through hydrolysis and sorption to sludge. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence and Predictors in Early Pregnancy among Arab Women

PubMed Central

Al-Musharaf, Sara; Fouda, Mona A.; Turkestani, Iqbal Z.; Al-Ajlan, Abdulrahman; Sabico, Shaun; Alnaami, Abdullah M.; Hussain, Syed Danish; Alraqebah, Buthaynah; Al-Serehi, Amal; Alshingetti, Naemah M.; Al-Daghri, Nasser; McTernan, Philip G; Wimalawansa, Sunil J.

2018-01-01

Data regarding the prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency during early pregnancy are limited. This study aims to fill this gap. A total of 578 Saudi women in their 1st trimester of pregnancy were recruited between January 2014 and December 2015 from three tertiary care antenatal clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Information collected includes socio-economic, anthropometric, and biochemical data, including serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, intake of calcium and vitamin D, physical activity, and sun exposure indices. Pregnant women with 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L were considered vitamin D deficient. The majority of participants (n = 468 (81%)) were vitamin D deficient. High levels of indoor activity, whole body clothing, multiparity, total cholesterol/HDL ratio(>3.5), low HDL-cholesterol, and living in West Riyadh were significant independent predictors for vitamin D deficiency, with odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval) of 25.4 (5.5–117.3), 17.8 (2.3–138.5), 4.0 (1.7–9.5), 3.3 (1.4–7.9), 2.8 (1.2–6.4), and 2.0 (1.1–3.5), respectively. Factors like increased physical activity, sun exposure at noon, sunrise or sunset, high educational status, and residence in North Riyadh were protective against vitamin D deficiency with ORs 0.2 (0.1–0.5); 0.2 (0.1–0.6); 0.3 (0.1–0.9); and 0.4 (0.2–0.8), respectively. All ORs were adjusted for age, BMI, sun exposure, parity, summer season, vitamin D intake, multivitamin intake, physical activity, education, employment, living in the north, and coverage with clothing. In conclusion, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Saudi women during early pregnancy was high (81%). Timely detection and appropriate supplementation with adequate amounts of vitamin D should reduce the risks of vitamin D deficiency and its complications during pregnancy. PMID:29662044
Suppressed decays of D(s)(+) mesons to two pseudoscalar mesons.

PubMed

Adams, G S; Anderson, M; Cummings, J P; Danko, I; Hu, D; Moziak, B; Napolitano, J; He, Q; Insler, J; Muramatsu, H; Park, C S; Thorndike, E H; Yang, F; Artuso, M; Blusk, S; Khalil, S; Li, J; Menaa, N; Mountain, R; Nisar, S; Randrianarivony, K; Sia, R; Skwarnicki, T; Stone, S; Wang, J C; Bonvicini, G; Cinabro, D; Dubrovin, M; Lincoln, A; Asner, D M; Edwards, K W; Naik, P; Briere, R A; Ferguson, T; Tatishvili, G; Vogel, H; Watkins, M E; Rosner, J L; Adam, N E; Alexander, J P; Cassel, D G; Duboscq, J E; Ehrlich, R; Fields, L; Gibbons, L; Gray, R; Gray, S W; Hartill, D L; Heltsley, B K; Hertz, D; Jones, C D; Kandaswamy, J; Kreinick, D L; Kuznetsov, V E; Mahlke-Krüger, H; Mohapatra, D; Onyisi, P U E; Patterson, J R; Peterson, D; Riley, D; Ryd, A; Sadoff, A J; Shi, X; Stroiney, S; Sun, W M; Wilksen, T; Athar, S B; Patel, R; Yelton, J; Rubin, P; Eisenstein, B I; Karliner, I; Lowrey, N; Selen, M; White, E J; Wiss, J; Mitchell, R E; Shepherd, M R; Besson, D; Pedlar, T K; Cronin-Hennessy, D; Gao, K Y; Hietala, J; Kubota, Y; Klein, T; Lang, B W; Poling, R; Scott, A W; Zweber, P; Dobbs, S; Metreveli, Z; Seth, K K; Tomaradze, A; Ernst, J; Ecklund, K M; Severini, H; Love, W; Savinov, V; Lopez, A; Mehrabyan, S; Mendez, H; Ramirez, J; Ge, J Y; Miller, D H; Sanghi, B; Shipsey, I P J; Xin, B

2007-11-09

Using data collected near the D{s}{*+}D{s}{-} peak production energy E_{cm}=4170 MeV by the CLEO-c detector, we study the decays of D{s}{+} mesons to two pseudoscalar mesons. We report on searches for the singly Cabibbo-suppressed D{s}{+} decay modes K{+}eta, K{+}eta', pi{+}K{S}{0}, K{+}pi{0}, and the isospin-forbidden decay mode D{s}{+}-->pi{+}pi{0}. We normalize with respect to the Cabibbo-favored D{s}{+} modes pi{+}eta, pi{+}eta', and K{+}K{S}{0}, and obtain ratios of branching fractions: B(D{s}{+}-->K{+}eta)/B(D{s}{+}-->pi{+}eta)=(8.9+/-1.5+/-0.4)%, B(D{s}{+}-->K{+}eta')/B(D{s}{+}-->pi{+}eta')=(4.2+/-1.3+/-0.3)%, B(D{s}{+}-->pi{+}K{S}{0})/B(D{s}{+}-->K{+}K{S}{0})=(8.2+/-0.9+/-0.2)%, B(D{s}{+}-->K{+}pi{0})/B(D{s}{+}-->K{+}K{S}{0})=(5.5+/-1.3+/-0.7)%, and B(D{s}{+}-->pi{+}pi{0})/B(D{s}{+}-->K{+}K{S}{0})<4.1% at 90% C.L., where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.
Functional Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Assay to Characterize Dopamine D2 and D3 Autoreceptors in the Mouse Striatum

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Dopamine D2 and D3 autoreceptors are located on presynaptic terminals and are known to control the release and synthesis of dopamine. Dopamine D3 receptors have a fairly restricted pattern of expression in the mammalian brain. Their localization in the nucleus accumbens core and shell is of particular interest because of their association with the rewarding properties of drugs of abuse. Using background subtracted fast scan cyclic voltammetry, we investigated the effects of dopamine D2 and D3 agonists on electrically stimulated dopamine release and uptake rates in the mouse caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens core and shell. The dopamine D2 agonists (−)-quinpirole hydrochloride and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-(2-propen-1-yl)-4H-thiazolo[4,5-d]azepin-2-amine dihydrochloride (B-HT 920) had the same dopamine release inhibition effects on caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens (core and shell) on the basis of their EC50 values and efficacies. This suggests that the dopamine D2 autoreceptor functionality is comparable in all three striatal regions investigated. The dopamine D3 agonists (4aR,10bR)-3,4a,4,10b-tetrahydro-4-propyl-2H,5H-[1]benzopyrano-[4,3-b]-1,4-oxazin-9-ol hydrochloride ((+)-PD 128907) and (±)-7-Hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin hydrobromide (7-OH-DPAT) had a significantly greater effect on dopamine release inhibition in the nucleus accumbens shell than in the caudate putamen. This study confirms that, the dopamine D3 autoreceptor functionality is greater in the nucleus accumbens shell followed by the nucleus accumbens core, with the caudate putamen having the least. Neither dopamine D2 nor D3 agonists affected the uptake rates in nucleus accumbens but concentrations greater than 0.1 μM lowered the uptake rate in caudate putamen. To validate our method of evaluating dopamine D2 and D3 autoreceptors, sulpiride (D2 antagonist) and nafadotride (D3 antagonist) were used to reverse the effects of the dopamine agonists to approximately 100% of the preagonist dopamine release concentration. Finally, these results demonstrate a functional voltammetric assay that characterizes dopamine D2-like agonists as either D2- or D3-preferring agonists by taking advantage of the unique receptor density within the striatum. PMID:20567609
Deuterated Methane and Ethane in the Atmosphere of Jupiter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parkinson, C. D.; Yung, Y. L.; Lee, A. Y.; Crisp, D.

2003-12-01

CH3D and C2H5D are isotopic tracers in the deep Jovian atmosphere and susceptible to transport and chemical effects. It is expected that the tropospheric ([D]/[H])CH4 ratios determined from the various observations made should be relatively invariable, yet previous determinations of this quantity for Jupiter have given results inconsistent with experimental error bars. This suggests that there may be a problem with the interpretion of some of the observations, or that the apparent CH3D column abundance is variable. We report on the effects of varying important parameters over this pressure regime on the CH3D and C2H5D mixing ratios, CH3D and C2H5D fractionation, the ([D]/[H])CH4, ([D]/[H])C2H_6 and D/H (= ([D]/[H])H2) ratios and compare with the various CH3D and HD observations. Our results show that since the CH3D and C2H5D mixing ratios are strongly dependent upon K(z) in the region of interest where temporal or latitudinal variations in K(z) could significantly impact the measured ([D]/[H])CH4 ratio. The K(z) adopted represents complex upward convection and downdraft mixing that occurs in the Jovian atmosphere as evidenced by recent observations (Gierasch et al., 2000; Ingersoll et al., 2000; Roos-Serote et al., 2000; Vincent et al., 2000). Using our technique allows for the first time a way to explain the discrepancies in the ([D]/[H])CH4 ratio observations by offering a plausible link between the CH3D and C2H5D observations and upper tropospheric dynamical processes. In any case our calculations show how ([D]/[H])CH4 and ([D]/[H])C2H_6 can be used as a diagnostic tracer to constrain K(z) and to better understand the dynamics of the atmosphere in this pressure regime. Additionally, we have made calculations of the C2H5D in the thermosphere of Jupiter. The principal reactions determining the D abundance appear to be generation by reaction of H with vibrationally hot HD and loss by reaction of D with H2(v=0,1) and CH3. The H, CH3D and C2H5D distributions have been calculated using the Caltech/JPL KINETICS 1-D photochemistry-diffusion model with the column H constrained using the H lyman-alpha airglow. Reactions involving C2H5D are described by Parkinson (2002). Performing sensitivity studies, we have found an enhancement of greater than two orders of magnitude in C2H5D due to the vibrational chemistry, which is significantly larger than that for CH3D enhancement reported by Parkinson et al (2003). This is of great interest and suggests that C2H5D should be detectable in the lower thermosphere: we propose that observations of this species should be made. Enhancement of deuterated hydrocarbons indicates that there may be exchange of these species between the statosphere and troposphere and further show their usefulness as isotopic tracers in the Jovian atmosphere.
Synthesis of fagopyritols A1 and B1 from D-chiro-inositol.

PubMed

Cid, M Belén; Alfonso, Francisco; Martín-Lomas, Manuel

2004-09-13

Fagopyritol A1 (3-O-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-d-chiro-inositol) and fagopyritol B1 (2-O-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-d-chiro-inositol) have been synthesized by glycosylation of the diequatorial diol 1,4,5,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-d-chiro-inositol, readily obtained from d-chiro-inositol, with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-d-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate.
Enzymatic Biosynthesis of Novel Resveratrol Glucoside and Glycoside Derivatives

PubMed Central

Pandey, Ramesh Prasad; Parajuli, Prakash; Shin, Ju Yong; Lee, Jisun; Lee, Seul; Hong, Young-Soo; Park, Yong Il; Kim, Joong Su

2014-01-01

A UDP glucosyltransferase from Bacillus licheniformis was overexpressed, purified, and incubated with nucleotide diphosphate (NDP) d- and l-sugars to produce glucose, galactose, 2-deoxyglucose, viosamine, rhamnose, and fucose sugar-conjugated resveratrol glycosides. Significantly higher (90%) bioconversion of resveratrol was achieved with α-d-glucose as the sugar donor to produce four different glucosides of resveratrol: resveratrol 3-O-β-d-glucoside, resveratrol 4′-O-β-d-glucoside, resveratrol 3,5-O-β-d-diglucoside, and resveratrol 3,5,4′-O-β-d-triglucoside. The conversion rates and numbers of products formed were found to vary with the other NDP sugar donors. Resveratrol 3-O-β-d-2-deoxyglucoside and resveratrol 3,5-O-β-d-di-2-deoxyglucoside were found to be produced using TDP-2-deoxyglucose as a donor; however, the monoglycosides resveratrol 4′-O-β-d-galactoside, resveratrol 4′-O-β-d-viosaminoside, resveratrol 3-O-β-l-rhamnoside, and resveratrol 3-O-β-l-fucoside were produced from the respective sugar donors. Altogether, 10 diverse glycoside derivatives of the medically important resveratrol were generated, demonstrating the capacity of YjiC to produce structurally diverse resveratrol glycosides. PMID:25239890
Antioxidant chalcone glycosides and flavanones from Maclura (Chlorophora) tinctoria.

PubMed

Cioffi, Giuseppina; Morales Escobar, Luis; Braca, Alessandra; De Tommasi, Nunziatina

2003-08-01

Four chalcone glycosides (1-4), including three new natural products, and three flavanones (5-7) were isolated from the methanol extract of stem bark of Maclura tinctoria. The new compounds have been characterized as 4'-O-beta-D-(2' '-p-coumaroyl)glucopyranosyl-4,2',3'-trihydroxychalcone (1), 4'-O-beta-D-(2' '-p-coumaroyl-6' '-acetyl)glucopyranosyl-4,2',3'-trihydroxychalcone (2), and 3'-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4,2'-dihydroxychalcone (3); the known derivatives were elucidated as 4'-O-beta-D-(2' '-acetyl-6' '-cinnamoyl)glucopyranosyl-4,2',3'-trihydroxychalcone (4), eriodictyol 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), naringenin (6), and naringenin 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7). Their structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR and ESIMS. The antioxidant activity of all the isolated compounds was determined by measuring free-radical-scavenging effects using two different assays, namely, the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay and the coupled oxidation of beta-carotene and linoleic acid (autoxidation assay). The results showed that compound 3 was the most active in both antioxidant assays.
Bioactive constituents from Chinese natural medicines. XXXII. aminopeptidase N and aldose reductase inhibitors from Sinocrassula indica: structures of sinocrassosides B(4), B(5), C(1), and D(1)-D(3).

PubMed

Morikawa, Toshio; Xie, Haihui; Wang, Tao; Matsuda, Hisashi; Yoshikawa, Masayuki

2008-10-01

From the methanolic extract of the whole plant of Sinocrassula indica (Crassulaceae), six new flavonol glycosides, sinocrassosides B(4) (1), B(5) (2), C(1) (3), D(1) (4), D(2) (5), and D(3) (6), were isolated together with 30 compounds. The structures of 1-6 were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. In addition, several constituents were found to show inhibitory effects on aminopeptidase N and aldose reductase.
Synthesis of High-Speed Digital Systems.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-11-08

1 (sub2 sub 16 2 (sub3 sub 16) 3 (sub4 sub 16) 4 (eub5 sub 16) 5 (sub6 sub 16) 6 ( sub7 sub 16) 7 (addi add 16) 8 (add2 add 16) 9 (add3 add 16) 10...seB uub5 J2 16 se5) 15 (se6 sub6 JI 16 soO) 18 (se7 sub7 J5 16 se7) 17 (aol addi Dl 16 aol) 18 (a921 add2 add7 18 a02) 19 (&922 add2 add5 16 a02) 20...de4l D4 add4 16 de4) 33 Wd942 D4 sub4 16 de4) 34 (de~i D5 sub7 16 de5) 35 (deS2 D5 add8 16 deS) 36 (jell Ji add7 16 jel) 37 (je12 JI D5 16 jel) 38 (je2
Measurement of branching fractions and CP-violating charge asymmetries for B-meson decays to D{sup (*)}D{sup (*)}, and implications for the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angle {gamma}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aubert, B.; Barate, R.; Bona, M.

2006-06-01

We present measurements of the branching fractions and charge asymmetries of B decays to all D{sup (*)}D{sup (*)} modes. Using 232x10{sup 6} BB pairs recorded on the {upsilon}(4S) resonance by the BABAR detector at the e{sup +}e{sup -} asymmetric B factory PEP-II at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, we measure the branching fractions B(B{sup 0}{yields}D*{sup +}D*{sup -})=(8.1{+-}0.6{+-}1.0)x10{sup -4}, B(B{sup 0}{yields}D*{sup {+-}}D{sup {+-}})=(5.7{+-}0.7{+-}0.7)x10{sup -4}, B(B{sup 0}{yields}D{sup +}D{sup -})=(2.8{+-}0.4{+-}0.5)x10{sup -4}, B(B{sup +}{yields}D*{sup +}D*{sup 0})=(8.1{+-}1.2{+-}1.2)x10{sup -4}, B(B{sup +}{yields}D*{sup +}D{sup 0})=(3.6{+-}0.5{+-}0.4)x10{sup -4}, B(B{sup +}{yields}D{sup +}D*{sup 0})=(6.3{+-}1.4{+-}1.0)x10{sup -4}, and B(B{sup +}{yields}D{sup +}D{sup 0})=(3.8{+-}0.6{+-}0.5)x10{sup -4}, where in each case the first uncertainty is statistical and themore » second systematic. We also determine the limits B(B{sup 0}{yields}D*{sup 0}D*{sup 0})<0.9x10{sup -4}, B(B{sup 0}{yields}D*{sup 0}D{sup 0})<2.9x10{sup -4}, and B(B{sup 0}{yields}D{sup 0}D{sup 0})<0.6x10{sup -4}, each at 90% confidence level. All decays above denote either member of a charge-conjugate pair. We also determine the CP-violating charge asymmetries A(B{sup 0}{yields}D*{sup {+-}}D{sup {+-}})=0.03{+-}0.10{+-}0.02, A(B{sup +}{yields}D*{sup +}D*{sup 0})=-0.15{+-}0.11{+-}0.02, A(B{sup +}{yields}D*{sup +}D{sup 0})=-0.06{+-}0.13{+-}0.02, A(B{sup +}{yields}D{sup +}D*{sup 0})=0.13{+-}0.18{+-}0.04, and A(B{sup +}{yields}D{sup +}D{sup 0})=-0.13{+-}0.14{+-}0.02. Additionally, when we combine these results with information from time-dependent CP asymmetries in B{sup 0}{yields}D{sup (*)+}D{sup (*)-} decays and world-averaged branching fractions of B decays to D{sub s}{sup (*}}D{sup (*)} modes, we find the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa phase {gamma} is favored to lie in the range (0.07-2.77) radians (with a +0 or +{pi} radians ambiguity) at 68% confidence level.« less
[Studies on chemical constituents from herbs of Taraxacum mongolicum].

PubMed

Shi, Shu-Yun; Zhou, Chang-Xin; Xu, Yan; Tao, Qiao-Feng; Bai, Hua; Lu, Fu-Sheng; Lin, Wen-Yan; Chen, Hai-Yong; Zheng, Wei; Wang, Li-Wei; Wu, Yi-Hang; Zeng, Su; Huang, Ke-Xin; Zhao, Yu; Li, Xiao-Kun; Qu, Jia

2008-05-01

To investigate the chemical constituents of the herbs of Taraxacum mongolicum. The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and their structures elucidated mainly by NMR and MS evidences. Forty-four components were obtained and identified were as artemetin (1), quercetin (2), quercetin-3', 4', 7-trime-thyl ether (3), luteolin (4), luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), luteolin-7-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (6), genkwanin (7), isoetin (8), hesperetin (9), genkwanin-4'-O-beta-D-lutinoside (10), hesperidin (11), quercetin-7-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6) -beta-D-glucopyranoside (12), quercetin-3, 7-O-beta-D-diglucopyranoside (13), isoetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- 2'-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (14), isoetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2'-O-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (15), isoetin-7- O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2'-O-beta-D-xyloypyranoside (16), caffeic acid (17), furulic acid (18), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (19), 3, 5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (20), 3, 4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (21), 4, 5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (22), 1-hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxy-phenyl-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (23), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (24), p-coumaric acid (25), 3, 5-dihydroxylbenzoic acid (26), gallic acid (27), gallicin (28), syringic acid (29), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (30), caffeic acid ethyl ester (31), esculetin (32), rufescidride (33), mongolicumin A [6, 9, 10-trihydroxy-benzoxanthene-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid] (34), mongolicumin B [1 l-hydroxy-2-oxo-guaia-1 (10), 3, 5-trien-8, 12-lactone] (35), isodonsesquitin A (36), taraxacin (37), sesquiterpene ketolactone (38), taraxasteryl acetate (39), phi-taraxasteryl acetate (40) and lupenol acetate (41), palmitic acid (42), beta-sitosterol (43), and stigmasterol (44). Four compounds (14, 15, 34 and 35) were new compounds, compounds 1, 3, 6-13, 20-22, 30 and 31 were isolated from this genus for the first time, while compounds 18, 23-29, 32 and 37-42 were obtained from this species for the first time.
Asymptotic M5-brane entropy from S-duality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Seok; Nahmgoong, June

2017-12-01

We study M5-branes compactified on S 1 from the D0-D4 Witten index in the Coulomb phase. We first show that the prepotential of this index is S-dual, up to a simple anomalous part. This is an extension of the well-known S-duality of the 4d N=4 theory to the 6d (2, 0) theory on finite T 2. Using this anomalous S-duality, we find that the asymptotic free energy scales like N 3 when various temperature-like parameters are large. This shows that the number of 5d Kaluza-Klein fields for light D0-brane bound states is proportional to N 3. We also compute some part of the asymptotic free energy from 6d chiral anomalies, which precisely agrees with our D0-D4 calculus.
Characteristics of a Plasma-Injection-Controlled Discharge for CO2 Mixing Lasers,

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-04-01

D=9,11 D=911 130 D-6,9 D-911,14 F3 F4 F5 F10 F11 D=6,8 D=11 D - 11 D-9,11,14 D=9,14 F6 F7 F 12 F13 F14 10 D=11 D =11 10D=9,1,14 F8 F9 F1 5 190 D...Representative (4 copies) Director, Defence Research Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Exchange Section, British Library, U.K. Periodicals Recording Section
Fortification of Yogurts with Vitamin D and Calcium Enhances the Inhibition of Serum Parathyroid Hormone and Bone Resorption Markers: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial in Women over 60 Living in a Community Dwelling Home.

PubMed

Bonjour, J-P; Benoit, V; Atkin, S; Walrand, S

2015-05-01

To evaluate whether fortification of yogurts with vitamin D and calcium exerts an additional lowering effect on serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone resorption markers (BRM) as compared to iso-caloric and iso-protein dairy products in aged white women at risk of fragility fractures. A randomized double-blind controlled trial. A community dwelling home. Forty-eight women over 60 years (mean age 73.4). Consumption during 84 days of two 125 g servings of either vitamin D and calcium-fortified yogurts (FY) at supplemental levels of 10 µg vitamin D3/d and 520 mg/d of calcium (total=800 mg/d), or non fortified control yogurts (CY) providing 280 mg/d of calcium. Serum changes from baseline (D0) to D28, D56 and D84 in 25OHD, PTH and in two BRM: Tartrate-resistant-acid-phosphatase-isoform-5b (TRAP5b) and carboxy-terminal-cross-linked-telopeptide of type-I-collagen (CTX). The 10 years risk of major and hip fractures were 13.1 and 5.0%, and 12.9 and 4.2 %, in FY and CY groups, respectively. From D0 to D84, serum 25OHD increased (mean±SE) from 34.3±2.4 to 56.3±2.4 nmol/L in FY (n=24) and from 35.0±2.5 to 41.3±3.0 nmol/L in CY (n=24), (P=0.00001). The corresponding changes in PTH were from 64.1±5.1 to 47.4±3.8 ng/L in FY and from 63.5±4.6 to 60.7±4.2 ng/L in CY (P=0.0011). After D84, TRAP5b was reduced significantly (P=0.0228) and CTX fell though not significantly (P=0.0773) in FY compared to CY. This trial in aged white women living in a community dwelling home at risk for osteoporotic fractures confirms that fortification of dairy products with vitamin D3 and calcium should provide a greater prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism and accelerated bone resorption as compared to non-fortified equivalent foods.

Two new furostanol saponins from Tribulus terrestris.

PubMed

Xu, Ya-Juan; Xu, Tun-Hai; Zhou, Hai-Ou; Li, Bo; Xie, Sheng-Xu; Si, Yun-Shan; Liu, Yue; Liu, Tong-Hua; Xu, Dong-Ming

2010-05-01

Two new furostanol saponins were isolated from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris L. Their structures were established as 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5alpha-furost-20(22)-en-3beta,26-diol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1) and 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5alpha-furost-20(22)-en-12-one-3beta,26-diol-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (2) on the basis of spectroscopic data as well as chemical evidence.
Performance tests for ray-scan 64 PET/CT based on NEMA NU-2 2007

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Suying; Zhou, Kun; Zhang, Qiushi; Zhang, Jinming; Yang, Kun; Xu, Baixuan; Ren, Qiushi

2015-03-01

This paper focuses on evaluating the performance of the Ray-Scan 64 PET/CT system, a newly developed PET/CT in China. It combines a 64 slice helical CT scanner with a high resolution PET scanner based on BGO crystals assembled in 36 rings. The energy window is 350~ 650 keV, and the coincidence window is set at 12 ns in both 2D and 3D mode. The transaxial field of view (FOV) is 600 mm in diameter, and the axial FOV is 163 mm. Method: Performance measurements were conducted focusing on PET scanners based on NEMA NU-2 2007 standard. We reported the full characterization (spatial resolution, sensitivity, count rate performance, scatter fraction, accuracy of correction, and image quality) in both 2D and 3D mode. In addition, the clinical images from two patients of different types of tumor were presented to further demonstrate this PET/CT system performance in clinical application. Results: using the NEMA NU-2 2007 standard, the main results: (1) the transaxial resolution at 1cm from the gantry center for 2D and 3D was both 4.5mm (FWHM), and at 10cm from the gantry center, the radial (tangential) resolution were 5.6mm (5.3mm) and 5.4mm (5.2mm) in 2D and 3D mode respectively. The axial resolution at 1cm and 10cm off axis was 3.4mm (4.8mm) and 5.5mm (5.8mm) in 2D (3D) mode respectively; (2) the sensitivity for the radial position R0(r=0mm) and R100(r=100mm) were 1.741 kcps/MBq and 1.767 kcps/MBq respectively in 2D mode and 7.157 kcps/MBq and 7.513 kcps/MBq in 3D mode; (3) the scatter fraction was calculated as 18.36% and 42.92% in 2D and 3D mode, respectively; (4) contrast of hot spheres in the image quality phantom in 2D mode was 50.33% (52.87%), 33.34% (40.86%), 20.64% (26.36%), and 10.99% (15.82%), respectively, in N=4 (N=8). Besides, in clinical study, the diameter of lymph tumor was about 2.4 cm, and the diameter of lung cancer was 4.2 cm. This PET/CT system can distinguish the position of cancer easily. Conclusion: The results show that the performance of the newly developed PET/CT system is of high resolution, and low scatter characteristics, and is suitable for clinical applications.
Distribution characteristics of volatile methylsiloxanes in Tokyo Bay watershed in Japan: Analysis of surface waters by purge and trap method.

PubMed

Horii, Yuichi; Minomo, Kotaro; Ohtsuka, Nobutoshi; Motegi, Mamoru; Nojiri, Kiyoshi; Kannan, Kurunthachalam

2017-05-15

Surface waters including river water and effluent from sewage treatment plants (STPs) were collected from Tokyo Bay watershed, Japan, and analyzed for seven cyclic and linear volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs), i.e., D3, D4, D5, D6, L3, L4, and L5 by an optimized purge and trap extraction method. The total concentrations of seven VMSs (ΣVMS) in river water ranged from <4.9 to 1700ng/L (mean: 220ng/L). The individual mean concentrations of cyclic VMSs in surface waters were; 10ng/L for D3, 13ng/L for D4, 180ng/L for D5, and 18ng/L for D6. The concentrations of ΣVMS determined in STP effluents varied widely from 99 to 2500ng/L and the individual mean concentrations were 21ng/L for D3, 27ng/L for D4, 540ng/L for D5, and 45ng/L for D6. D5, which is widely used in personal-care products, was found to be the most abundant compound in both river water and STP effluent. Linear VMSs were detected at much lower frequency and concentrations than those of cyclic VMSs. The measured concentrations of D4 were below the no-observed effect concentration (NOEC). The annual emission of ΣVMS through STPs into Tokyo Bay watershed was estimated at 2300kg. Our results indicate widespread distribution of VMSs in Tokyo Bay watershed and the influence of domestic wastewater discharges as a source of VMSs in the aquatic environment. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Fluorescent Silicate Materials for the Detection of Paraoxon

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-19

1108-1115. 31. Brandhuber , D .; Peterlik, H.; Huesing, N. Facile Self-Assembly Processes to Phenylene-Bridged Silica Monoliths with Four Levels of...2320 Relative Pressure (P/P 0) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 N 2 A ds or be d (c m 3 / g ST P) 100 A. N2 Sorption...Isotherms C. XRD Spectra 2 1 2 3 4 In te ns ity 0E0 5E4 1E5 2E5 1E3 4E3 Pore Diameter () 0 50 100 150 200 dV / d lo g( D ) ( cm 3 / g) 0 1 2 3 B. Pore
Facile construction of substituted pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidones by transformation of enaminouracil

PubMed Central

Hamama, Wafaa S.; Ismail, Mohamed A.; Al-Saman, Hanaa A.; Zoorob, Hanafi H.

2012-01-01

The reaction of 6-amino-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (1) as a binucleophile with primary aromatic or heterocyclic amines and formaldehyde or aromatic (heterocyclic) aldehydes in a molar ratio (1:1:2) gave the pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2,4-dione ring systems 2–5. Treatment of 1 with diamines and formalin in molar ratio (2:1:4) gave the bis-pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2,4-diones 6–8. Furthermore, substituted pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2,4-diones with uracil derivative 11 or spiro indole 16 were synthesized. Synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2,4-diones with different substitution at C-5 and C-7 was achieved to give 13 and 18, respectively. PMID:25685408
A series of divalent metal coordination polymers based on isomeric tetracarboxylic acids: synthesis, structures and magnetic properties.

PubMed

Han, Min-Le; Duan, Ya-Ping; Li, Dong-Sheng; Xu, Guo-Wang; Wu, Ya-Pan; Zhao, Jun

2014-12-14

Five new coordination polymers, namely, [Mn(2,2′-bipy)(H2O)2(H2L1)]n (1), {[Co(btb)(H2O)2(H2L1)]·0.5H2O}n (2), [Co(bib)(H2O)2(H2L1)]n (3), [Ni2(bpm)(H2O)3(L2)]n (4), and {[Co2(H2O)3(OH)(HL2)]·H2O}n (5), (H4L1 = 1,1′:2′,1′′-terphenyl-4,4′,4′′,5′-tetracarboxylic acid, H4L2 = 1,1′:2′,1′′-terphenyl-3,3′′,4′,5′-tetracarboxylic acid, 2,2′-bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine, btb = 1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane, bib = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)butane, bpm = bis(4-pyridyl)amine), have been obtained under hydrothermal conditions. Complex 1 exhibits a 3D supramolecular framework based on 1D chains. Both complexes 2 and 3 are 3D supramolecular frameworks constructed from 1D zig-zag chains. Complex 4 features a 3D tetra-nodal (3,4,4,5)-connected architecture containing 1D μ-COO bridged chains with (5(2)·6(2)·7.9)(5(2)·6(4)·7(3)·8)2(5(2)·6)2(6(3)·7(2)·9) topology. Complex 5 shows a 3D penta-nodal (3,4,4,6,6)-connected net containing 1D μ-OH/μ-COO bridged chains and mononuclear Co(II) nodes with a (4(2)·6(3)·8)(4(3))2(4(4)·6(2))2(4(4)·6(6)·8(5))2(4(4)·6(7)·8(4)) topology. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal that complexes 2 and 3 show antiferromagnetic interactions between the adjacent Co(II) ions, whereas 4 is a ferromagnetic system.
Deoxyfluoroketohexoses: 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-sorbose and -tagatose and 5-deoxy-5-fluoro-L-sorbose.

PubMed

Rao, G V; Que, L; Hall, L D; Fondy, T P

1975-04-01

4-Deoxy-4-fluoro-alpha-D-sorbose (6) was prepared in crystalline form by the action of potassium hydrogen fluoride on 3,4-anhydro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-psicopyranose (3) followed by deacetonation. Under identical conditions, 3,4-anhydro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-tagatopyranose (7) underwent epoxide migration to give 4,5-anhydro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose (12), which after deacetonation yielded 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-tagatose (15) and 5-deoxy-5-fluoro-alpha-L-sorbopyranose (16), the latter as the crystalline, free sugar. The action of glycol-cleavage reagents on the isopropylidene acetals of the deoxyfluoro sugars was consistent with the assigned structures. The structures were established by 13-C n.m.r. studies of the free deoxyfluoro sugars 6 and 16 and of the isopropylidene acetal 13, and by 1-H n.m.r. studies on the acetylated isopropylidene acetals 5 diacetate, 13 diacetate, and 14 diacetate. 5-Deoxy-5-fluoro-L-sorbose (16) was biologically active, producing in mice effects characteristic of deoxyfluorotrioses and of fluoroacetate. 4-Deoxy-4-fluoro-D-tagatose (15) and 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-sorbose (6) produced no apparent effects in mice up to a dose of 500mg/kg. The implications of these findings with respect to transport, phosphorylation, and the action of aldolase on ketohexoses are discussed.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Zhi-Hao; Zhao, Yue; Chen, Shui-Sheng

Seven new coordination polymers [Zn(H{sub 2}L)(mbdc)] (1), [Zn(H{sub 3}L)(btc)] (2), [Zn(H{sub 2}L)(Hbtc)] (3), [Zn(H{sub 2}L)(Hbtc)]·H{sub 2}O (4), [Zn{sub 2}(H{sub 2}L)(btc)(μ{sub 2}-OH)] (5), [Cd(H{sub 2}L)(mbdc)] (6) and [Cd{sub 3}(H{sub 2}L){sub 2}(btc){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O)]·5H{sub 2}O (7) were synthesized by reactions of the corresponding metal salt with rigid ligand 1,3-di(1H-imidazol-4-yl)benzene (H{sub 2}L) and different carboxylic acids of 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H{sub 2}mbdc) and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H{sub 3}btc), respectively. The results of X-ray crystallographic analysis indicate that complex 1 is 1D chain while 2 is a (3,3)-connected 2D network with Point (Schläfli) symbol of (4,8{sup 2}). Complexes 3 and 6 are 2D networks, 4 ismore » a 3-fold interpenetrating 3D framework with Point (Schläfli) symbol of (6{sup 5},8) and 5 is a (3,8)-connected 2D network with Point (Schläfli) symbol of (3,4{sup 2}){sub 2}(3{sup 4},4{sup 6},5{sup 6},6{sup 8},7{sup 3},8), while 7 is a (3,10)-connected 3D net with Schläfli symbol of (3,4,5){sub 2}(3{sup 4},4{sup 8},5{sup 18},6{sup 12},7{sup 2},8). The thermal stability and photoluminescence of the complexes were investigated. Furthermore, DFT calculations were performed for 2–4 to discuss the temperature controlled self-assembly of the complexes. - Graphical abstract: Seven new coordination polymers with multicarboxylate and rigid ditopic 4-imidazole containing ligands have been obtained and found to show different structures and topologies. - Highlights: • Metal complexes with diverse structures of 1D chain, 2D network and 3D framework. • Mixed ligands of 1,3-di(1H-imidazol-4-yl)benzene and multicarboxylate. • Photoluminescence property.« less
Clinical Utility of Simultaneous Quantitation of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D by LC-MS/MS Involving Derivatization With DMEQ-TAD

PubMed Central

Kaufmann, Martin; Gallagher, J. Christopher; Peacock, Munro; Schlingmann, Karl-Peter; Konrad, Martin; DeLuca, Hector F.; Sigueiro, Rita; Lopez, Borja; Mourino, Antonio; Maestro, Miguel; St-Arnaud, René; Finkelstein, Joel S.; Cooper, Donald P.

2014-01-01

Context: The discovery of hypercalcemic diseases due to loss-of-function mutations in 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase has placed a new demand for sensitive and precise assays for 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25-(OH)2D]. Objective: We describe a novel liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry-based method involving derivatization with DMEQ-TAD {4-[2-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinoxalinyl)ethyl]-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione} to simultaneously assay multiple vitamin D metabolites including 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) and 24,25-(OH)2D using 100 μL of serum with a 5-minute run time. Design: The assay uses a newly synthesized internal standard d6-24,25-(OH)2D3 enabling the quantitation of 24,25-(OH)2D3 as well as the determination of the ratio of 25-OH-D3 to 24,25-(OH)2D3, a physiologically useful parameter. Setting: We report data on more than 1000 normal and disease samples involving vitamin D deficiency or hypercalcemia in addition to studies involving knockout mouse models. Results: The assay showed good correlation with samples from quality assurance schemes for 25-OH-D (25-OH-D2 and 25-OH-D3) determination (−2% to −5% bias) and exhibited low inter- and intraassay coefficients of variation (4%–7%) and lower limits of quantitation of 0.25–0.45 nmol/L. In clinical studies, we found a strong correlation between serum levels of 25-OH-D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 (r2 = 0.80) in subjects over a broad range of 25-OH-D3 values and a marked lack of production of 24,25-(OH)2D3 below 25 nmol/L of 25-OH-D. The ratio of 25-OH-D3 to 24,25-(OH)2D3, which remained less than 25 in vitamin D-sufficient subjects (serum 25-OH-D < 50 nmol/L) but was greatly elevated (80–100) in patients with idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia. Conclusions: The new method showed good utility in clinical settings involving vitamin D deficiency; supplementation with vitamin D and idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia, as well as in animal models with ablation of selected cytochrome P450-containing enzymes involved in vitamin D metabolism. PMID:24670084
M5-brane and D-brane scattering amplitudes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heydeman, Matthew; Schwarz, John H.; Wen, Congkao

2017-12-01

We present tree-level n-particle on-shell scattering amplitudes of various brane theories with 16 conserved supercharges. These include the world-volume theory of a probe D3-brane or D5-brane in 10D Minkowski spacetime as well as a probe M5-brane in 11D Minkowski spacetime, which describes self interactions of an abelian tensor supermultiplet with 6D (2, 0) supersymmetry. Twistor-string-like formulas are proposed for tree-level scattering amplitudes of all multiplicities for each of these theories. The R symmetry of the D3-brane theory is shown to be SU(4) × U(1), and the U(1) factor implies that its amplitudes are helicity conserving. Each of 6D theories (D5-brane and M5-brane) reduces to the D3-brane theory by dimensional reduction. As special cases of the general M5-brane amplitudes, we present compact formulas for examples involving only the self-dual B field with n = 4, 6, 8.
High-Dose Intramuscular Vitamin D Provides Long-Lasting Moderate Increases in Serum 25-Hydroxvitamin D Levels and Shorter-Term Changes in Plasma Calcium.

PubMed

Gorman, Shelley; Zafirau, Mark Zafir; Lim, Ee Mun; Clarke, Michael W; Dhamrait, Gursimran; Fleury, Naomi; Walsh, John P; Kaufmann, Martin; Jones, Glenville; Lucas, Robyn M

2017-09-01

The best management of vitamin D deficiency, defined as a 25-hydroxyvitamin D [(25(OH)D] level <50 nM, is unclear. Intramuscular (IM) injection of a large bolus of vitamin D (≥100 000 IU) is used, but its safety is uncertain. In 10 adults given an IM injection of 600 000IU vitamin D3, we measured at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks postinjection the serum levels of vitamin D3, 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, total 25(OH)D, 3-epi-25(OH)D3, and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] using a standardized LC with tandem MS (MS/MS) assay; serum levels of 25(OH)D using the Abbott ARCHITECT i2000 immunoassay; and markers of bone metabolism. Bone markers and 25(OH)D (immunoassay) were remeasured at 24 weeks. All participants had baseline total 25(OH)D levels >50 nM. Serum 25(OH)D levels increased at 3, 4, and 24 weeks postinjection, peaking at 4 weeks [mean ± SEM of 126 ± 7.9 nM (immunoassay) and 100 ± 5.5 nM (LC-MS/MS)] but generally remained <125 nM, the upper limit recommended by the U.S. Institute of Medicine. Serum 24,25(OH)2D3 levels increased at 3 and 4 weeks postinjection. Serum ionized calcium levels were higher than baseline at 1, 3, and 4 weeks postinjection but remained within the clinically normal range. Other biochemical parameters, including other vitamin D metabolites, plasma alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone levels, were unchanged. IM injection of a large bolus of vitamin D effectively increases serum 25(OH)D levels without evidence of metabolic abnormality.
SU-F-J-158: Respiratory Motion Resolved, Self-Gated 4D-MRI Using Rotating Cartesian K-Space Sampling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Han, F; Zhou, Z; Yang, Y

Purpose: Dynamic MRI has been used to quantify respiratory motion of abdominal organs in radiation treatment planning. Many existing 4D-MRI methods based on 2D acquisitions suffer from limited slice resolution and additional stitching artifacts when evaluated in 3D{sup 1}. To address these issues, we developed a 4D-MRI (3D dynamic) technique with true 3D k-space encoding and respiratory motion self-gating. Methods: The 3D k-space was acquired using a Rotating Cartesian K-space (ROCK) pattern, where the Cartesian grid was reordered in a quasi-spiral fashion with each spiral arm rotated using golden angle{sup 2}. Each quasi-spiral arm started with the k-space center-line, whichmore » were used as self-gating{sup 3} signal for respiratory motion estimation. The acquired k-space data was then binned into 8 respiratory phases and the golden angle ensures a near-uniform k-space sampling in each phase. Finally, dynamic 3D images were reconstructed using the ESPIRiT technique{sup 4}. 4D-MRI was performed on 6 healthy volunteers, using the following parameters (bSSFP, Fat-Sat, TE/TR=2ms/4ms, matrix size=500×350×120, resolution=1×1×1.2mm, TA=5min, 8 respiratory phases). Supplemental 2D real-time images were acquired in 9 different planes. Dynamic locations of the diaphragm dome and left kidney were measured from both 4D and 2D images. The same protocol was also performed on a MRI-compatible motion phantom where the motion was programmed with different amplitude (10–30mm) and frequency (3–10/min). Results: High resolution 4D-MRI were obtained successfully in 5 minutes. Quantitative motion measurements from 4D-MRI agree with the ones from 2D CINE (<5% error). The 4D images are free of the stitching artifacts and their near-isotropic resolution facilitates 3D visualization and segmentation of abdominal organs such as the liver, kidney and pancreas. Conclusion: Our preliminary studies demonstrated a novel ROCK 4D-MRI technique with true 3D k-space encoding and respiratory motion self-gating. The technique leads to high-resolution and artifacts-free 4D images for improved abdominal organ motion studies. K.S acknowledges funding support from NIH R01CA188300.« less
Vitamin D3 and calcidiol are not equipotent.

PubMed

Navarro-Valverde, Cristina; Sosa-Henríquez, Manuel; Alhambra-Expósito, Maria Rosa; Quesada-Gómez, José Manuel

2016-11-01

Despite the discussion on the optimal threshold of 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum level continues, there is now consensus on the fact that post-menopausal and elderly populations have inadequate Vitamin D serum levels worldwide. The adjustment of these levels is necessary to improve both bone and general health, as it is to optimize bone response to antiresortive treatments. It is recommended, as endorsed by international clinical guides, to use Vitamin D 3 , the physiological form of Vitamin D, in a dose range between 600-2000IU. It should be administered on a daily basis or on its weekly or monthly equivalents. In Spain, the use of calcidiol (25(OH)D 3 ) at the same dose than Vitamin D 3 is the most extended prescription, notwithstanding the available evidence stating that they are not equipotent. This may lead to over-dosage. In order to provide evidence on this circumstance, a convenience study was performed. Four groups of ten post-menopausal osteoporotic women each (average age 67), deficient in Vitamin D ((25(OH)D 37.5±10 nmol/L)) were enrolled. Each group followed a different treatment regimen: (G1) vitamin D 3 20μg/day [800IU/day]; (G2) 25 (OH)D 3 20μg/day; (G3) 25(OH)D 3 266μg/week and (G4) 25(OH)D 3 0.266mg every two weeks. 25(OH)D levels were measured for each group at 0, 6 and 12 months, with the following results: G1 (40.5±4.7;80.0±2; 86.2±23.7), G2 (37,2±4.2; 161±21.7;188.0±24.0), G3 (38±3.7;213.5±80.0; 233.0±81.2), G4 (39.5±4;164.5±41,7;210.5±22.2). These data reveal that both metabolites are not equipotent. Calcidiol is faster and 3-6 times more potent to obtain serum levels of 25(OH)D in the medium to long term. This circumstance must be assessed and included in the therapeutic prescription guides for Osteoporosis, since it should be of concern when planning and prescribing treatments to normalize serum levels of 25(OH)D 3 and avoid potential adverse impacts. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Furostanol saponins from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris.

PubMed

Chen, Gang; Su, Lan; Feng, Sheng-Guang; Lu, Xuan; Wang, Haifeng; Pei, Yue-Hu

2013-01-01

Two new steroidal saponins were isolated from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris. Their structures were assigned by spectroscopic analysis and colour reaction as 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5α-furostane-12-one-3β,22α,26-triol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1 → 4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (1); 26-O-β- D-glucopyranosyl-25(R)-5α-furostan-12-one-3β,22α,26-triol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-D-galactopyranoside (2).
30 CFR 902.15 - Approval of Alaska regulatory program amendments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...), .185(a)(3), (4), (5), .207(c)(5)(C), .213(g), (h), .323(a) through (d), .325(b), (c), (d)(1), (2), (3...), .349(2)(A), .353(a)(1), (2), (3), .371(d)(1) through (4), .373(b), (c), (d), .375(b), (e) through (h...), .491(a), (1), (6), (7), (8), (c)(4) through (8), (e), (f), .901(e), .907(c) through (h), (j). December...
30 CFR 902.15 - Approval of Alaska regulatory program amendments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...), .185(a)(3), (4), (5), .207(c)(5)(C), .213(g), (h), .323(a) through (d), .325(b), (c), (d)(1), (2), (3...), .349(2)(A), .353(a)(1), (2), (3), .371(d)(1) through (4), .373(b), (c), (d), .375(b), (e) through (h...), .491(a), (1), (6), (7), (8), (c)(4) through (8), (e), (f), .901(e), .907(c) through (h), (j). December...
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Matney, Jason; Park, Peter C.; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas

Purpose: To quantify and compare the effects of respiratory motion on paired passively scattered proton therapy (PSPT) and intensity modulated photon therapy (IMRT) plans; and to establish the relationship between the magnitude of tumor motion and the respiratory-induced dose difference for both modalities. Methods and Materials: In a randomized clinical trial comparing PSPT and IMRT, radiation therapy plans have been designed according to common planning protocols. Four-dimensional (4D) dose was computed for PSPT and IMRT plans for a patient cohort with respiratory motion ranging from 3 to 17 mm. Image registration and dose accumulation were performed using grayscale-based deformable imagemore » registration algorithms. The dose–volume histogram (DVH) differences (4D-3D [3D = 3-dimensional]) were compared for PSPT and IMRT. Changes in 4D-3D dose were correlated to the magnitude of tumor respiratory motion. Results: The average 4D-3D dose to 95% of the internal target volume was close to zero, with 19 of 20 patients within 1% of prescribed dose for both modalities. The mean 4D-3D between the 2 modalities was not statistically significant (P<.05) for all dose–volume histogram indices (mean ± SD) except the lung V5 (PSPT: +1.1% ± 0.9%; IMRT: +0.4% ± 1.2%) and maximum cord dose (PSPT: +1.5 ± 2.9 Gy; IMRT: 0.0 ± 0.2 Gy). Changes in 4D-3D dose were correlated to tumor motion for only 2 indices: dose to 95% planning target volume, and heterogeneity index. Conclusions: With our current margin formalisms, target coverage was maintained in the presence of respiratory motion up to 17 mm for both PSPT and IMRT. Only 2 of 11 4D-3D indices (lung V5 and spinal cord maximum) were statistically distinguishable between PSPT and IMRT, contrary to the notion that proton therapy will be more susceptible to respiratory motion. Because of the lack of strong correlations with 4D-3D dose differences in PSPT and IMRT, the extent of tumor motion was not an adequate predictor of potential dosimetric error caused by breathing motion.« less
Separated and Nonseparated Turbulent Flows about Axisymmetric Nozzle Afterbodies. Part II. Detailed Flow Measurements

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-10-01

total pressures and the model static pressures were converted to a d-c electrical signal by one of two Scanivalve ®, Druck Model PDCR22, 0- to l0...31 3d 33 3+ 3’:, 3~ 3~ ~d ~ 4 4 b 4 h ,.,.9 50 0 , 0 0 + 0 . 0 9 9 n . 0 1 4 0.019 0 , 0 ~ 4 0 . 0 2 9 C . 0 3 ~ ~ . 0 3...1 ° 5 8 5 £ 02 0 .322 - 1 ° 2 5 b £ O~ 0,3~2 - 9 . f i ~ 3 £ t)l 0 ,36~ - 7 , b P ~ £ 01 0 . 3d ~ - 5 , ~ 3 9 £ Ol 0 , ~ 0 ~ - ~ ° 5 1
[Clinical analysis of 942 cases of Kawasaki disease].

PubMed

Zhang, Wei; Li, Qiu; Zhao, Xiao-dong; Tang, Xue-mei; Wang, Xiao-gang; Wang, Mo; Wu, Dao-qi; Ou, Qian; Yang, Xi-qiang

2006-05-01

The study was designed to investigate the clinical characteristics and the effects of therapeutic proposal on Kawasaki disease (KD). Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment for totally 942 patients with KD hospitalized during Jan, 2000 to Dec, 2004 were reviewed. Clinical features of typical and incomplete KD were compared. Also, influential factors for KD resistant to intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) therapy were analyzed. Five hundred and ten cases were followed up for analyzing the prognosis of coronary artery lesion (CAL). (1) 774 cases were diagnosed as typical KD, and 168 cases as incomplete KD. The incidence of infants with incomplete KD was higher than that of infants with typical KD (18.5% vs. 10.1%, P < 0.01). As compared with typical KD, the cases of incomplete KD had a long duration of fever before final diagnosis [(7.7 +/- 2.9) d vs. (7.0 +/- 2.4) d, P < 0.01], high hemoglobin level [Hb, (106.6 +/- 13.4) g/L vs. (103.5 +/- 12.3) g/L, P < 0.01], high hematocrit [Hct, (32.0 +/- 4.3)% vs. (31.0 +/- 4.0)%, P < 0.01], and high prevalence of CAL (23.8% vs. 16.8%, P < 0.05), respectively. The occurrence rate and emerging time of clinical manifestations in incomplete KD and in typical KD were presented, respectively: non-exudative conjunctivitis [occurrence rate, 64.9% vs. 93.5%; emerging time, (4.4 +/- 1.4) d vs. (4.0 +/- 1.6) d, respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01)], erythema and cracking of lips [occurrence rate, 50.6% vs. 94.8%; emerging time, (4.9 +/- 1.4) d vs. (4.5 +/- 1.6) d, respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01)], rash [occurrence rate, 35.1% vs. 87.7%; emerging time, (3.9 +/- 1.9) d vs. (3.4 +/- 1.7) d, respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01)], erythema and edema of extremity [occurrence rate, 26.8% vs. 71.4%; emerging time, (6.7 +/- 1.5) d vs. (5.3 +/- 1.7) d, respectively (P < 0.01)], cervical lymphadenopathy [occurrence rate, 34.5% vs. 68.0%; emerging time, (4.3 +/- 2.5) d vs. (3.6 +/- 2.2) d, respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01)], strawberry tongue [occurrence rate, 31.0% vs. 59.8%; emerging time, (5.6 +/- 2.2) d vs. (4.9 +/- 1.8) d, respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01)], membranous desquamation of fingertips [occurrence rate, 34.5% vs. 56.3%; emerging time, (11.7 +/- 3.3) d vs. (10.3 +/- 2.7) d, respectively (P < 0.01)], and desquamation peri-anus [occurrence rate, 42.9% vs. 50.0%; emerging time, (6.7 +/- 2.7) d vs. (6.9 +/- 2.5) d, respectively (P > 0.05)]. Except for peri-anus desquamation, other clinical manifestations in incomplete KD were sporadical as compared to typical KD. (2) Six per cent (51/857) of cases were resistant to the IVIG therapy. As compared to the group responding to IVIG therapy, high prevalence of CAL (31.4% vs. 17.1%, P < 0.05), long fever duration [(10.6 +/- 3.9) d vs. (7.5 +/- 2.3) d, P < 0.01], low Hb level [(99.9 +/- 14.1) g/L vs. (104.3 +/- 12.4) g/L, P < 0.01], low Hct [(30.1 +/- 4.5)% vs. (31.2 +/- 4.0)%, P < 0.05], low platelet [PLT, (256.9 +/- 142.4) x 10(9)/L vs. (309.7 +/- 131.5) x 10(9)/L, P < 0.05], and low albumin level [ALB, (27.8 +/- 8.4) g/L vs. (33.5 +/- 6.7) g/L, P < 0.01] were found in the group resistant to IVIG therapy, respectively. (3) In patients who received IVIG 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg, the recovery rates from CAL were 83.1% and 89.7% (P > 0.05), respectively. The prevalence of CAL in those without CAL in acute and subacute stages was 0.9% and 3.5% (P > 0.05), respectively, during 2 year-follow-up period. (1) Infants appeared to have more chances to suffer from incomplete KD. Incomplete KD had high prevalence of CAL. The peri-anus desquamation might be an important clue for early diagnosis of incomplete KD. (2) In acute stage, the influential factors for KD resistance to IVIG therapy included prolonged fever, non-elevated PLT, and persistent decrease in Hb, Hct and ALB levels. (3) Children receiving IVIG 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg had the similar effects on recovery and prevention from CAL within the first two years after KD onset.
Does Vitamin D Mediate the Protective Effects of Time Outdoors On Myopia? Findings From a Prospective Birth Cohort

PubMed Central

Guggenheim, Jeremy A.; Williams, Cathy; Northstone, Kate; Howe, Laura D.; Tilling, Kate; St Pourcain, Beate; McMahon, George; Lawlor, Debbie A.

2014-01-01

Purpose. More time outdoors is associated with a lesser risk of myopia, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that 25-hydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D) mediates the protective effects of time outdoors against myopia. Methods. We analyzed data for children participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) population-based birth cohort: noncycloplegic autorefraction at age 7 to 15 years; maternal report of time outdoors at age 8 years and serum vitamin D2 and D3 at age 10 years. A survival analysis hazard ratio (HR) for incident myopia was calculated for children spending a high- versus low-time outdoors, before and after controlling for vitamin D level (N = 3677). Results. Total vitamin D and D3, but not D2, levels were higher in children who spent more time outdoors (mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] vitamin D in nmol/L: Total, 60.0 [59.4–60.6] vs. 56.9 [55.0–58.8], P = 0.001; D3, 55.4 [54.9–56.0] vs. 53.0 [51.3–54.9], P = 0.014; D2, 5.7 [5.5–5.8] vs. 5.4 [5.1–5.8], P = 0.23). In models including both time outdoors and sunlight-exposure–related vitamin D, there was no independent association between vitamin D and incident myopia (Total, HR = 0.83 [0.66–1.04], P = 0.11; D3, HR = 0.89 [0.72–1.10], P = 0.30), while time outdoors retained the same strong negative association with incident myopia as in unadjusted models (HR = 0.69 [0.55–0.86], P = 0.001). Conclusions. Total vitamin D and D3 were biomarkers for time spent outdoors, however there was no evidence they were independently associated with future myopia. PMID:25406278

Syntheses, structures and characterizations of three novel vanadium selenites with organically bonded copper/nickel complex

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Qian, Cheng; State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002; Kong, Fang

2016-06-15

A series of vanadium selenites covalently bonded with metal-organic complex, namely, Ni(2,2-bipy){sub 2}V{sub 2}O{sub 4}(SeO{sub 3}){sub 2} (1), Cu(2,2-bipy)V{sub 2}O{sub 4}(SeO{sub 3}){sub 2}·0.5H{sub 2}O (2) and Cu{sub 2}(2,2-bipy){sub 2}V{sub 5}O{sub 12}(SeO{sub 3}){sub 2} (3) (2,2-bipy=2,2-bipyridine) have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. They exhibit three different structural dimensions, from 0D cluster, 1D chain to 2D layer. Compound 1 features a 0D {Ni(2,2-bipy)_2V_2O_4(SeO_3)_2}{sub 2} dimeric cluster composed of two {Ni(2,2-bipy)_2}{sup 2+} moieties connected by the {V_4O_8(SeO_3)_4}{sup 4-} cluster. Compound 2 shows a 1D {Cu(2,2-bipy)V_2O_4(SeO_3)_2}{sub n} chain in which the {Cu_2(2,2-bipy)_2}{sup 4+} moieties are bridged by the {V_4O_8(SeO_3)_4}{sup 4−} clusters. Compound 3more » displays a 2D structure consisted of mixed valence vanadium selenites layers {V"I"VV"V_4Se"I"V_2O_1_8}{sub n}{sup 4−} and {Cu(2,2-bipy)}{sup 2+} complex moieties. The adjacent layers are further interconnected via π-π interactions between the 2,2-bipy ligands exhibiting an interesting 3D supramolecular architecture. Both compound 1 and 2 contain a new {V_4O_8(SeO_3)_4}{sup 4−} cluster and compound 3 exhibits the first 2D vanadate polyhedral layer in vanadium selenites/tellurites with organic moieties. - Graphical abstract: We got three new vanadium selenites with organically linked copper/nickel complex, namely, Ni(2,2-bipy){sub 2}V{sub 2}O{sub 4}(SeO{sub 3}){sub 2} (1), Cu(2,2-bipy)V{sub 2}O{sub 4}(SeO{sub 3}){sub 2}·0.5H{sub 2}O (2) and Cu{sub 2}(2,2-bipy){sub 2}V{sub 5}O{sub 12}(SeO{sub 3}){sub 2} (3) by hydrothermally syntheses. They display three different structural dimensions, from 0D cluster, to 1D chain and 2D layer. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Three new compounds display three different structural dimensions, from 0D cluster, to 1D chain and 2D layer. • The Tetranuclear {V_4O_8(SeO_3)_4}{sup 4−} cluster and the vanadate {V_5O_1_7}{sub n} 2D layer are observed firstly. • Optical Properties and Magnetic Properties of three compounds are reported.« less
Mutants of feline immunodeficiency virus resistant to 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine.

PubMed Central

Zhu, Y Q; Remington, K M; North, T W

1996-01-01

We selected mutants of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) that are resistant to 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine (d4T). Two mutants were selected in cultured cells with a stepwise increase in d4T concentration, resulting in mutants able to replicate in 100 microM d4T. These mutants were three- to sixfold more resistant to d4T than wild-type FIV. They were also cross-resistant to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), 3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine, 2',3'-dideoxycytidine, 2',3'-dideoxyinosine, and 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, and they were highly resistant to phosphonoformic acid (PFA). Plaque-purified mutants were isolated from each of the mutant populations. The mutant phenotype was stable, because both of the plaque-purified mutants remained d4T resistant even after three passages in the absence of d4T. One of the plaque-purified mutants, designated D4R-3c, was further characterized. Compared with wild-type reverse transcriptase (RT), RT purified from D4R-3c was 3-fold resistant to inhibition by the 5'-triphosphate of d4T, 10-fold resistant to inhibition by the 5'-triphosphate of AZT, and 6-fold resistant to PFA. D4R-3c had a single point mutation in the RT-encoding region of the pol gene at position 2474, resulting in a Val to Ile mutation at codon 47 of the FIV RT. The role of this mutation in d4T resistance was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. PMID:8878567
Evaluation of biological activities of new LH-RH antagonists (T-series) in male and female rats.

PubMed

Pinski, J; Yano, T; Janaky, T; Nagy, A; Juhasz, A; Bokser, L; Groot, K; Schally, A V

1993-01-01

A series of new highly potent LH-RH antagonists (T-series) has been synthesized in our laboratory. Among these analogs, antagonists [Ac-D-Nal(2), D-Phe(4Cl)2, D-Pal(3)3, D-Lys(A2pr(Car)2)6, D-Ala10]LH-RH (T-140); [Ac-D-Nal(2)1, D-Phe(4Cl)2, D-Pal(3)3, D-Lys(A2pr(Ac)2)6, D-Ala10]LH-RH (T-148); [Ac-D-Nal(2)1, D-Phe(4Cl)2, D-Pal(3)3, D-Lys(A2pr(For)2)6, D-Ala10]LH-RH (T-151) and [Ac-D-Nal(2)1, D-Phe(4Cl)2, D-Pal(3)3, D-Lys(A2bu(For)2)6, D-Ala10]LH-RH (T-159) were the most powerful. Antagonists T-140, T-148 and T-151 produced a complete blockade of ovulation in normal cycling rats at a dose of 1.5 micrograms/rat and antagonist T-159 at a dose of only 0.75 micrograms/rat. The inhibitory effects of compounds T-148, T-151 and T-159 on gonadotropin and sex steroid secretion were investigated in male and female rats. To determine their effect on LH levels in castrated male and ovariectomized female rats, T-148, T-151 and T-159 were injected subcutaneously in doses of 0.625 and 2.5 micrograms/rat. Blood samples were taken at different intervals for 48 h. All three compounds at either dose caused a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in LH levels for more than 6 h. Significant (P < 0.01) inhibition of LH lasted for more than 24 h following a dose of 2.5 micrograms sc of all 3 antagonists in both male and female rats. Serum FSH levels were also suppressed significantly for more than 48 h in castrated male rats by all three antagonists at a dose of 5 micrograms/rat sc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comprehensive study on compositional modification of Tb3+ doped zinc phosphate glass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yaacob, S. N. S.; Sahar, M. R.; Sazali, E. S.; Mahraz, Zahra Ashur; Sulhadi, K.

2018-07-01

Series of glass composition (60-x) P2O5 -40 ZnO -(x) Tb2O3 where x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mol % are prepared by conventional melt quenching technique. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), FTIR, UV-Vis-NIR and the photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy are used to characterize the physical, structural and optical behavior of the glass sample. The XRD pattern confirms the amorphous nature and DTA verified the thermal stability of all the glass samples. Glass with 1.5 mol % of Tb2O3 possesses the highest thermal stability. Glass density is found to increase proportionally with increasing amount of Tb3+ while the molar volume behaves reversely. Six main IR absorption bands centered at about 540, 748, 891, 1085 and 1294 cm- 1 are evidenced. The UV-Vis NIR absorption spectra reveals the absorption center band at about 540, 376, 488 and 1920 nm corresponding to the absorption from 7F6 ground state to various excited state of Tb3+ ion. The optical band gaps for direct and indirect transition are in the range 4.53-5.07 eV and 4.30 eV-4.56 eV respectively. The Urbach energy decreases with the increasing concentration of Tb2O3. The PL emission spectra reveals several prominent peaks at 413, 435, 457, 488, 540, 585 and 620 nm due to electronic transition from 5D3→7F5, 5D3→7F4, 5D3→7F3, 5D4→7F6, 5D4→7F5, 5D4→7F3 and 5D4→7F5 respectively.
Revision and extension to the analysis of the third spectrum of bromine: Br III

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jabeen, S.; Tauheed, A.

2015-03-01

The spectrum of doubly ionized bromine (Br III) has been investigated in the vacuum ultraviolet wavelength region. Br2+ is an As-like ion with ground configuration of 4s24p3, thus a 3-electron system possessing a complex structure. The theoretical prediction was made using Cowan's quasi-relativistic Hartree-Fock code with superposition of configurations involving the 4s4p4, 4s24p2 (4d+5d+6d+5s+6s+7s), 4s4p3 (5p+4f), 4p4(4d+5s), 4s24p5s5p, 4s4p2 (4d2+5s2), 4s4p24f2 configurations for the even parity matrix and the 4s24p3, 4s24p2 (5p+6p+4f+5f) configurations for the odd parity matrix. Several previously reported levels of Br III have been revised, and new configurations have been added to the analysis. The spectrum used for this work was recorded on a 3-m normal incidence spectrograph in the wavelength region of 400-1326 Å using a triggered vacuum spark source. One hundred and two energy levels belonging to the 4s24p3, 4s4p4, 4s24p2 (4d+5d+6d+5s+6s +7s) configurations have been established, eighty-six being new. Two hundred and seventy-eight lines have been identified in this spectrum. The accuracy of our wavelength measurements for sharp and unblended lines is ±0.006 Å. The ionization potential of Br III was found to be 281,250±100 cm-1 (34.870±0.012 eV).
A precursor to the beta-pyranosides of 3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose (mycosamine).

PubMed

Alais, J; David, S

1992-06-04

SN2-type reaction of 3-O-(1-imidazyl)sulfonyl-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-gluco furanose with benzoate gave the 3-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-allo derivative 2, which was hydrolysed to give the 5,6-diol 3. Compound 3 was converted into the 6-deoxy-6-iodo derivative 4 which was reduced with tributylstannane, and then position 5 was protected by benzyloxymethylation, to give 3-O-benzoyl-5-O-benzyloxymethyl-6-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha -D- allofuranose (6). Debenzoylation of 6 gave 7, (1-imidazyl)sulfonylation gave 8, and azide displacement gave 3-azido-5-O-benzyloxymethyl-3,6-dideoxy- 1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranose (9, 85%). Acetolysis of 9 gave 1,2,4-tri-O-acetyl-3-azido-3,6-dideoxy-alpha,beta-D-glucopyranose (10 and 11). Selective hydrolysis of AcO-1 in the mixture of 10 and 11 with hydrazine acetate (----12), followed by conversion into the pyranosyl chloride 13, treatment with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide, and benzylation gave 3-azido-4-O-benzyl-3,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-(1-methoxyethylidene)-alpha-D -glucopyranose (15). Treatment of 15 with dry acetic acid gave 1,2-di-O-acetyl-3-azido-4-O-benzyl-3,6-dideoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose (16, 86% yield) that was an excellent glycosyl donor in the presence of trimethylsilyl triflate, allowing the synthesis of cyclohexyl 2-O-acetyl-3-azido-4-O-benzyl-3,6-dideoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside (17, 90%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Performance Analysis of Polymorphous Computing Architectures

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-01-01

G H F Proc 5 : 4 : 3 11 1 Figure 3. Self-timed execution. D C B F G H E D B H EA CG...F D C B F G H E D B H EA CG F AProc 1 Proc 2 Proc 3 Proc 4 Proc 5 185 cution pattern when the application graph in Figure 2 is executed in a self...transform, a quadra- E Figure 10. Self-timed execution with first-iteration actors denoted by T. D B H E CG F D C B F G H E D B H EA CG F A 18 T T T
Measurement of the CP asymmetry in B - → D s - D 0 and B - → D - D 0 decays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aaij, R.; Adeva, B.; Adinolfi, M.; Ajaltouni, Z.; Akar, S.; Albicocco, P.; Albrecht, J.; Alessio, F.; Alexander, M.; Alfonso Albero, A.; Ali, S.; Alkhazov, G.; Alvarez Cartelle, P.; Alves, A. A.; Amato, S.; Amerio, S.; Amhis, Y.; An, L.; Anderlini, L.; Andreassi, G.; Andreotti, M.; Andrews, J. E.; Appleby, R. B.; Archilli, F.; d'Argent, P.; Arnau Romeu, J.; Artamonov, A.; Artuso, M.; Aslanides, E.; Atzeni, M.; Auriemma, G.; Bachmann, S.; Back, J. J.; Baker, S.; Balagura, V.; Baldini, W.; Baranov, A.; Barlow, R. J.; Barsuk, S.; Barter, W.; Baryshnikov, F.; Batozskaya, V.; Battista, V.; Bay, A.; Beddow, J.; Bedeschi, F.; Bediaga, I.; Beiter, A.; Bel, L. J.; Beliy, N.; Bellee, V.; Belloli, N.; Belous, K.; Belyaev, I.; Ben-Haim, E.; Bencivenni, G.; Benson, S.; Beranek, S.; Berezhnoy, A.; Bernet, R.; Berninghoff, D.; Bertholet, E.; Bertolin, A.; Betancourt, C.; Betti, F.; Bettler, M. O.; van Beuzekom, M.; Bezshyiko, Ia.; Bifani, S.; Billoir, P.; Birnkraut, A.; Bizzeti, A.; Bjørn, M.; Blake, T.; Blanc, F.; Blusk, S.; Bocci, V.; Boente Garcia, O.; Boettcher, T.; Bondar, A.; Bondar, N.; Borghi, S.; Borisyak, M.; Borsato, M.; Bossu, F.; Boubdir, M.; Bowcock, T. J. V.; Bowen, E.; Bozzi, C.; Braun, S.; Brodski, M.; Brodzicka, J.; Brundu, D.; Buchanan, E.; Burr, C.; Bursche, A.; Buytaert, J.; Byczynski, W.; Cadeddu, S.; Cai, H.; Calabrese, R.; Calladine, R.; Calvi, M.; Calvo Gomez, M.; Camboni, A.; Campana, P.; Campora Perez, D. H.; Capriotti, L.; Carbone, A.; Carboni, G.; Cardinale, R.; Cardini, A.; Carniti, P.; Carson, L.; Carvalho Akiba, K.; Casse, G.; Cassina, L.; Cattaneo, M.; Cavallero, G.; Cenci, R.; Chamont, D.; Chapman, M. G.; Charles, M.; Charpentier, Ph.; Chatzikonstantinidis, G.; Chefdeville, M.; Chen, S.; Chitic, S.-G.; Chobanova, V.; Chrzaszcz, M.; Chubykin, A.; Ciambrone, P.; Cid Vidal, X.; Ciezarek, G.; Clarke, P. E. L.; Clemencic, M.; Cliff, H. V.; Closier, J.; Coco, V.; Cogan, J.; Cogneras, E.; Cogoni, V.; Cojocariu, L.; Collins, P.; Colombo, T.; Comerma-Montells, A.; Contu, A.; Coombs, G.; Coquereau, S.; Corti, G.; Corvo, M.; Costa Sobral, C. M.; Couturier, B.; Cowan, G. A.; Craik, D. C.; Crocombe, A.; Cruz Torres, M.; Currie, R.; D'Ambrosio, C.; Da Cunha Marinho, F.; Da Silva, C. L.; Dall'Occo, E.; Dalseno, J.; Danilina, A.; Davis, A.; De Aguiar Francisco, O.; De Bruyn, K.; De Capua, S.; De Cian, M.; De Miranda, J. M.; De Paula, L.; De Serio, M.; De Simone, P.; Dean, C. T.; Decamp, D.; Del Buono, L.; Delaney, B.; Dembinski, H.-P.; Demmer, M.; Dendek, A.; Derkach, D.; Deschamps, O.; Dettori, F.; Dey, B.; Di Canto, A.; Di Nezza, P.; Didenko, S.; Dijkstra, H.; Dordei, F.; Dorigo, M.; Dosil Suárez, A.; Douglas, L.; Dovbnya, A.; Dreimanis, K.; Dufour, L.; Dujany, G.; Durante, P.; Durham, J. M.; Dutta, D.; Dzhelyadin, R.; Dziewiecki, M.; Dziurda, A.; Dzyuba, A.; Easo, S.; Egede, U.; Egorychev, V.; Eidelman, S.; Eisenhardt, S.; Eitschberger, U.; Ekelhof, R.; Eklund, L.; Ely, S.; Ene, A.; Escher, S.; Esen, S.; Evans, H. M.; Evans, T.; Falabella, A.; Farley, N.; Farry, S.; Fazzini, D.; Federici, L.; Fernandez, G.; Fernandez Declara, P.; Fernandez Prieto, A.; Ferrari, F.; Ferreira Lopes, L.; Ferreira Rodrigues, F.; Ferro-Luzzi, M.; Filippov, S.; Fini, R. A.; Fiorini, M.; Firlej, M.; Fitzpatrick, C.; Fiutowski, T.; Fleuret, F.; Fontana, M.; Fontanelli, F.; Forty, R.; Franco Lima, V.; Frank, M.; Frei, C.; Fu, J.; Funk, W.; Färber, C.; Gabriel, E.; Gallas Torreira, A.; Galli, D.; Gallorini, S.; Gambetta, S.; Gandelman, M.; Gandini, P.; Gao, Y.; Garcia Martin, L. M.; Garcia Plana, B.; García Pardiñas, J.; Garra Tico, J.; Garrido, L.; Gascon, D.; Gaspar, C.; Gavardi, L.; Gazzoni, G.; Gerick, D.; Gersabeck, E.; Gersabeck, M.; Gershon, T.; Ghez, Ph.; Gianí, S.; Gibson, V.; Girard, O. G.; Giubega, L.; Gizdov, K.; Gligorov, V. V.; Golubkov, D.; Golutvin, A.; Gomes, A.; Gorelov, I. V.; Gotti, C.; Govorkova, E.; Grabowski, J. P.; Graciani Diaz, R.; Granado Cardoso, L. A.; Graugés, E.; Graverini, E.; Graziani, G.; Grecu, A.; Greim, R.; Griffith, P.; Grillo, L.; Gruber, L.; Gruberg Cazon, B. R.; Grünberg, O.; Gushchin, E.; Guz, Yu.; Gys, T.; Göbel, C.; Hadavizadeh, T.; Hadjivasiliou, C.; Haefeli, G.; Haen, C.; Haines, S. C.; Hamilton, B.; Han, X.; Hancock, T. H.; Hansmann-Menzemer, S.; Harnew, N.; Harnew, S. T.; Hasse, C.; Hatch, M.; He, J.; Hecker, M.; Heinicke, K.; Heister, A.; Hennessy, K.; Henry, L.; van Herwijnen, E.; Heß, M.; Hicheur, A.; Hill, D.; Hopchev, P. H.; Hu, W.; Huang, W.; Huard, Z. C.; Hulsbergen, W.; Humair, T.; Hushchyn, M.; Hutchcroft, D.; Ibis, P.; Idzik, M.; Ilten, P.; Ivshin, K.; Jacobsson, R.; Jalocha, J.; Jans, E.; Jawahery, A.; Jiang, F.; John, M.; Johnson, D.; Jones, C. R.; Joram, C.; Jost, B.; Jurik, N.; Kandybei, S.; Karacson, M.; Kariuki, J. M.; Karodia, S.; Kazeev, N.; Kecke, M.; Keizer, F.; Kelsey, M.; Kenzie, M.; Ketel, T.; Khairullin, E.; Khanji, B.; Khurewathanakul, C.; Kim, K. E.; Kirn, T.; Klaver, S.; Klimaszewski, K.; Klimkovich, T.; Koliiev, S.; Kolpin, M.; Kopecna, R.; Koppenburg, P.; Kotriakhova, S.; Kozeiha, M.; Kravchuk, L.; Kreps, M.; Kress, F.; Krokovny, P.; Krupa, W.; Krzemien, W.; Kucewicz, W.; Kucharczyk, M.; Kudryavtsev, V.; Kuonen, A. K.; Kvaratskheliya, T.; Lacarrere, D.; Lafferty, G.; Lai, A.; Lanfranchi, G.; Langenbruch, C.; Latham, T.; Lazzeroni, C.; Le Gac, R.; Leflat, A.; Lefrançois, J.; Lefèvre, R.; Lemaitre, F.; Lenisa, P.; Leroy, O.; Lesiak, T.; Leverington, B.; Li, P.-R.; Li, T.; Li, Z.; Liang, X.; Likhomanenko, T.; Lindner, R.; Lionetto, F.; Lisovskyi, V.; Liu, X.; Loh, D.; Loi, A.; Longstaff, I.; Lopes, J. H.; Lucchesi, D.; Lucio Martinez, M.; Lupato, A.; Luppi, E.; Lupton, O.; Lusiani, A.; Lyu, X.; Machefert, F.; Maciuc, F.; Macko, V.; Mackowiak, P.; Maddrell-Mander, S.; Maev, O.; Maguire, K.; Maisuzenko, D.; Majewski, M. W.; Malde, S.; Malecki, B.; Malinin, A.; Maltsev, T.; Manca, G.; Mancinelli, G.; Marangotto, D.; Maratas, J.; Marchand, J. F.; Marconi, U.; Marin Benito, C.; Marinangeli, M.; Marino, P.; Marks, J.; Martellotti, G.; Martin, M.; Martinelli, M.; Martinez Santos, D.; Martinez Vidal, F.; Massafferri, A.; Matev, R.; Mathad, A.; Mathe, Z.; Matteuzzi, C.; Mauri, A.; Maurice, E.; Maurin, B.; Mazurov, A.; McCann, M.; McNab, A.; McNulty, R.; Mead, J. V.; Meadows, B.; Meaux, C.; Meier, F.; Meinert, N.; Melnychuk, D.; Merk, M.; Merli, A.; Michielin, E.; Milanes, D. A.; Millard, E.; Minard, M.-N.; Minzoni, L.; Mitzel, D. S.; Mogini, A.; Molina Rodriguez, J.; Mombächer, T.; Monroy, I. A.; Monteil, S.; Morandin, M.; Morello, G.; Morello, M. J.; Morgunova, O.; Moron, J.; Morris, A. B.; Mountain, R.; Muheim, F.; Mulder, M.; Müller, D.; Müller, J.; Müller, K.; Müller, V.; Naik, P.; Nakada, T.; Nandakumar, R.; Nandi, A.; Nasteva, I.; Needham, M.; Neri, N.; Neubert, S.; Neufeld, N.; Neuner, M.; Nguyen, T. D.; Nguyen-Mau, C.; Nieswand, S.; Niet, R.; Nikitin, N.; Nogay, A.; O'Hanlon, D. P.; Oblakowska-Mucha, A.; Obraztsov, V.; Ogilvy, S.; Oldeman, R.; Onderwater, C. J. G.; Ossowska, A.; Otalora Goicochea, J. M.; Owen, P.; Oyanguren, A.; Pais, P. R.; Palano, A.; Palutan, M.; Panshin, G.; Papanestis, A.; Pappagallo, M.; Pappalardo, L. L.; Parker, W.; Parkes, C.; Passaleva, G.; Pastore, A.; Patel, M.; Patrignani, C.; Pearce, A.; Pellegrino, A.; Penso, G.; Pepe Altarelli, M.; Perazzini, S.; Pereima, D.; Perret, P.; Pescatore, L.; Petridis, K.; Petrolini, A.; Petrov, A.; Petruzzo, M.; Pietrzyk, B.; Pietrzyk, G.; Pikies, M.; Pinci, D.; Pisani, F.; Pistone, A.; Piucci, A.; Placinta, V.; Playfer, S.; Plo Casasus, M.; Polci, F.; Poli Lener, M.; Poluektov, A.; Polukhina, N.; Polyakov, I.; Polycarpo, E.; Pomery, G. J.; Ponce, S.; Popov, A.; Popov, D.; Poslavskii, S.; Potterat, C.; Price, E.; Prisciandaro, J.; Prouve, C.; Pugatch, V.; Puig Navarro, A.; Pullen, H.; Punzi, G.; Qian, W.; Qin, J.; Quagliani, R.; Quintana, B.; Rachwal, B.; Rademacker, J. H.; Rama, M.; Ramos Pernas, M.; Rangel, M. S.; Ratnikov, F.; Raven, G.; Ravonel Salzgeber, M.; Reboud, M.; Redi, F.; Reichert, S.; dos Reis, A. C.; Remon Alepuz, C.; Renaudin, V.; Ricciardi, S.; Richards, S.; Rinnert, K.; Robbe, P.; Robert, A.; Rodrigues, A. B.; Rodrigues, E.; Rodriguez Lopez, J. A.; Rogozhnikov, A.; Roiser, S.; Rollings, A.; Romanovskiy, V.; Romero Vidal, A.; Rotondo, M.; Rudolph, M. S.; Ruf, T.; Ruiz Vidal, J.; Saborido Silva, J. J.; Sagidova, N.; Saitta, B.; Salustino Guimaraes, V.; Sanchez Mayordomo, C.; Sanmartin Sedes, B.; Santacesaria, R.; Santamarina Rios, C.; Santimaria, M.; Santovetti, E.; Sarpis, G.; Sarti, A.; Satriano, C.; Satta, A.; Savrina, D.; Schael, S.; Schellenberg, M.; Schiller, M.; Schindler, H.; Schmelling, M.; Schmelzer, T.; Schmidt, B.; Schneider, O.; Schopper, A.; Schreiner, H. F.; Schubiger, M.; Schune, M. H.; Schwemmer, R.; Sciascia, B.; Sciubba, A.; Semennikov, A.; Sepulveda, E. S.; Sergi, A.; Serra, N.; Serrano, J.; Sestini, L.; Seyfert, P.; Shapkin, M.; Shcheglov, Y.; Shears, T.; Shekhtman, L.; Shevchenko, V.; Siddi, B. G.; Silva Coutinho, R.; Silva de Oliveira, L.; Simi, G.; Simone, S.; Skidmore, N.; Skwarnicki, T.; Smith, I. T.; Smith, M.; Soares Lavra, l.; Sokoloff, M. D.; Soler, F. J. P.; Souza De Paula, B.; Spaan, B.; Spradlin, P.; Stagni, F.; Stahl, M.; Stahl, S.; Stefko, P.; Stefkova, S.; Steinkamp, O.; Stemmle, S.; Stenyakin, O.; Stepanova, M.; Stevens, H.; Stone, S.; Storaci, B.; Stracka, S.; Stramaglia, M. E.; Straticiuc, M.; Straumann, U.; Strokov, S.; Sun, J.; Sun, L.; Swientek, K.; Syropoulos, V.; Szumlak, T.; Szymanski, M.; T'Jampens, S.; Tang, Z.; Tayduganov, A.; Tekampe, T.; Tellarini, G.; Teubert, F.; Thomas, E.; van Tilburg, J.; Tilley, M. J.; Tisserand, V.; Tobin, M.; Tolk, S.; Tomassetti, L.; Tonelli, D.; Tourinho Jadallah Aoude, R.; Tournefier, E.; Traill, M.; Tran, M. T.; Tresch, M.; Trisovic, A.; Tsaregorodtsev, A.; Tully, A.; Tuning, N.; Ukleja, A.; Usachov, A.; Ustyuzhanin, A.; Uwer, U.; Vacca, C.; Vagner, A.; Vagnoni, V.; Valassi, A.; Valat, S.; Valenti, G.; Vazquez Gomez, R.; Vazquez Regueiro, P.; Vecchi, S.; van Veghel, M.; Velthuis, J. J.; Veltri, M.; Veneziano, G.; Venkateswaran, A.; Verlage, T. A.; Vernet, M.; Vesterinen, M.; Viana Barbosa, J. V.; Vieira, D.; Vieites Diaz, M.; Viemann, H.; Vilasis-Cardona, X.; Vitkovskiy, A.; Vitti, M.; Volkov, V.; Vollhardt, A.; Voneki, B.; Vorobyev, A.; Vorobyev, V.; Voß, C.; de Vries, J. A.; Vázquez Sierra, C.; Waldi, R.; Walsh, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, M.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Z.; Ward, D. R.; Wark, H. M.; Watson, N. K.; Websdale, D.; Weiden, A.; Weisser, C.; Whitehead, M.; Wicht, J.; Wilkinson, G.; Wilkinson, M.; Williams, M. R. J.; Williams, M.; Williams, T.; Wilson, F. F.; Wimberley, J.; Winn, M.; Wishahi, J.; Wislicki, W.; Witek, M.; Wormser, G.; Wotton, S. A.; Wyllie, K.; Xiao, D.; Xie, Y.; Xu, A.; Xu, M.; Xu, Q.; Xu, Z.; Xu, Z.; Yang, Z.; Yang, Z.; Yao, Y.; Yin, H.; Yu, J.; Yuan, X.; Yushchenko, O.; Zarebski, K. A.; Zavertyaev, M.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Zhelezov, A.; Zheng, Y.; Zhu, X.; Zhukov, V.; Zonneveld, J. B.; Zucchelli, S.

2018-05-01

The CP asymmetry in B - → D s - D 0 and B - → D - D 0 decays is measured using LHCb data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb-1, collected in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The results are A^{CP}({B}-\\to {D}_s-{D}^0)=(-0.4± 0.5± 0.5) and A^{CP}({B}-\\to {D}-{D}^0)=(2.3± 2.7± 0.4)% , where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. This is the first measurement of A^{CP}({B}-\\to {D}_s-{D}^0) and the most precise determination of A^{CP}({B}-\\to {D}-{D}^0) . Neither result shows evidence of CP violation. [Figure not available: see fulltext.
Synthesis of 2,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-d][1,3]thiazole-4,9-diones and 2,3-dihydroanthra[2,3-d][1,3]thiazole-4,11-diones and novel ring contraction and fusion reaction of 3H-spiro[1,3-thiazole-2,1'-cyclohexanes] into 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-6,11-diones

PubMed Central

Konstantinova, Lidia S; Lysov, Kirill A; Souvorova, Ljudmila I

2013-01-01

Summary Treatment of N-substituted 2-(methylamino)naphthoquinones 3 and -anthracene-1,4-diones 4 with S2Cl2 and DABCO in chlorobenzene gave the corresponding 2,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-d][1,3]thiazole-4,9-diones 1 and 2,3-dihydroanthra[2,3-d][1,3]thiazole-4,11-diones 2 by triethylamine addition, in high to moderate yields. The DABCO replacement for N-ethyldiisopropylamine in the reaction of anthracene-1,4-diones 4 led unexpectedly to the corresponding 2-thioxo-2,3-dihydroanthra[2,3-d][1,3]thiazole-4,11-diones 10. The reaction of 3H-spiro[1,3-thiazole-2,1'-cyclohexanes] 1d, 2d with Et3N in chlorobenzene under reflux yielded 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-6,11-diones 15, 16, i.e., ring contraction and fusion products. A plausible mechanism was proposed for the formation of the products. PMID:23616798
Validation and comparison of the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L instruments in Greece.

PubMed

Yfantopoulos, John N; Chantzaras, Athanasios E

2017-05-01

To validate and compare the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-3L with the EQ-5D-5L classification systems in Greece. Participants (n = 2279) over 40 years old, sampled from the greater area of Athens using a multistage stratified quota sampling method, completed both EQ-5D versions, while information was also collected on socio-demographics and health-related characteristics. The EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D-3L were evaluated in terms of agreement, ceiling effects, redistribution and inconsistency, informativity, and convergent and known-groups validity. The agreement between the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L was high (ICC = 0.85). Ceiling effects decreased significantly in the EQ-5D-5L in all domains (P < 0.001), with "usual activities" (-21.4 %) and "self-care" (-20.1 %) showing the highest absolute and "anxiety/depression" the highest relative reduction (-32.46 %). Inconsistency was low (5.7 %). The increase in prevalence of problems was larger than the decrease in their severity, resulting in a lower mean health utility for the EQ-5D-5L. Overall absolute and relative informativity improved by 70.5 % and 16.4 %, respectively, in the EQ-5D-5L. Both instruments exhibited good convergent and known-groups validity, with evidence of a considerably better convergent performance and discriminatory ability of the EQ-5D-5L. Both EQ-5D versions demonstrated good construct validity and had consistent redistribution. The EQ-5D-5L system may be preferable to the EQ-5D-3L, as it exhibited superior performance in terms of lower ceiling effects, higher absolute and relative informativity, and improved convergent and known-groups validity efficiency.
The Traveling Wave Amplifier as a Bistable Oscillator

DTIC Science & Technology

1956-01-01

2n)t + 5/4 e V m Vtt Cos(m-2n)t + 5/16 e vm VA Gos(m+4n)t + 5/16 e vm Vtt Cos(m-4n)t Again Collecting Terms E 0 = 1/2 b Vrt +l/2bVfi + 3/8 d Vrft...3 ( ~ c V ft + 5/8 e VA + 15/4 e V ~ V J ’ + 15/8 e V in V n) + Cos2mt (1/2 b Vfn + 1/2 d Vrt + 3/2 d V~ V~) III-3 Again Collecting Terms (Cont’d
Effect of rare earth doping on optical and spectroscopic characteristics of BaZrO3:Eu3+,Tb3+ perovskites.

PubMed

Katyayan, Shambhavi; Agrawal, Sadhana

2018-04-04

This paper reports structural investigations of rare earth doped BaZrO 3 phosphors synthesized by Solid state reaction technique with varying concentrations of Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ from 0 mol% to 2 mol%. The synthesized phosphors show enhanced variable emissions in the visible region corresponding to different hypersensitive electronic transitions of Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ ions. With cubic structure confirmed in XRD analysis, the FESEM images show uniform grain connectivity and homogeneity of prepared samples. The TEM micrographs of the synthesized phosphors show agglomerated irregular structures. The synthesized phosphors were also subjected to FTIR, Raman, EDXS analysis along with studies of thermoluminescent and photoluminescent characteristics. On subjecting to 229 nm (UV) excitation, the phosphors show enhanced PL emissions corresponding to 571 nm ( 5 D 0 - 7 F 0 ), 591 nm ( 5 D 0 - 7 F 1 ), 615 nm ( 5 D 0 - 7 F 2 ) and 678 nm ( 5 D 0 - 7 F 4 ) hypersensitive transitions of Eu 3+ ions and emission peaks at 489 nm ( 5 D 4 - 7 F 6 ), 539 nm ( 5 D 4 - 7 F 5 ), 589 nm ( 5 D 4 - 7 F 4 ) and 632 nm ( 5 D 4 - 7 F 3 ) accounting for electronic transitions of Tb 3+ ions respectively. The computed average PL lifetime is 14.014 s. In the TL analysis, the second order of kinetics with the activation energy varying from 5.0 × 10 -1 eV to 6.6 × 10 -1 eV is reported. The maximum TL lifetime is estimated as 19.4985 min in the TL lifetime analysis.
Effect of rare earth doping on optical and spectroscopic characteristics of BaZrO3:Eu3+,Tb3+ perovskites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Katyayan, Shambhavi; Agrawal, Sadhana

2018-06-01

This paper reports structural investigations of rare earth doped BaZrO3 phosphors synthesized by Solid state reaction technique with varying concentrations of Eu3+ and Tb3+ from 0 mol% to 2 mol%. The synthesized phosphors show enhanced variable emissions in the visible region corresponding to different hypersensitive electronic transitions of Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions. With cubic structure confirmed in XRD analysis, the FESEM images show uniform grain connectivity and homogeneity of prepared samples. The TEM micrographs of the synthesized phosphors show agglomerated irregular structures. The synthesized phosphors were also subjected to FTIR, Raman, EDXS analysis along with studies of thermoluminescent and photoluminescent characteristics. On subjecting to 229 nm (UV) excitation, the phosphors show enhanced PL emissions corresponding to 571 nm (5D0-7F0), 591 nm (5D0-7F1), 615 nm (5D0-7F2) and 678 nm (5D0-7F4) hypersensitive transitions of Eu3+ ions and emission peaks at 489 nm (5D4-7F6), 539 nm (5D4-7F5), 589 nm (5D4-7F4) and 632 nm (5D4-7F3) accounting for electronic transitions of Tb3+ ions respectively. The computed average PL lifetime is 14.014 s. In the TL analysis, the second order of kinetics with the activation energy varying from 5.0 × 10‑1 eV to 6.6 × 10‑1 eV is reported. The maximum TL lifetime is estimated as 19.4985 min in the TL lifetime analysis.
Comparison of Bispectral Index™ values during the flotation restricted environmental stimulation technique and results for stage I sleep: a prospective pilot investigation.

PubMed

Dunham, C Michael; McClain, Jesse V; Burger, Amanda

2017-11-29

To determine whether Bispectral Index™ values obtained during flotation-restricted environment stimulation technique have a similar profile in a single observation compared to literature-derived results found during sleep and other relaxation-induction interventions. Bispectral Index™ values were as follows: awake-state, 96.6; float session-1, 84.3; float session-2, 82.3; relaxation-induction, 82.8; stage I sleep, 86.0; stage II sleep, 66.2; and stages III-IV sleep, 45.1. Awake-state values differed from float session-1 (%difference 12.7%; Cohen's d = 3.6) and float session-2 (%difference 14.8%; Cohen's d = 4.6). Relaxation-induction values were similar to float session-1 (%difference 1.8%; Cohen's d = 0.3) and float session-2 (%difference 0.5%; Cohen's d = 0.1). Stage I sleep values were similar to float session-1 (%difference 1.9%; Cohen's d = 0.4) and float session-2 (%difference 4.3%; Cohen's d = 1.0). Stage II sleep values differed from float session-1 (%difference 21.5%; Cohen's d = 4.3) and float session-2 (%difference 19.6%; Cohen's d = 4.0). Stages III-IV sleep values differed from float session-1 (%difference 46.5%; Cohen's d = 5.6) and float session-2 (%difference 45.2%; Cohen's d = 5.4). Bispectral Index™ values during flotation were comparable to those found in stage I sleep and nadir values described with other relaxation-induction techniques.
Composition and production rate of pharmaceutical and chemical waste from Xanthi General Hospital in Greece.

PubMed

Voudrias, Evangelos; Goudakou, Lambrini; Kermenidou, Marianthi; Softa, Aikaterini

2012-07-01

The objective of this work was to determine the composition and production rates of pharmaceutical and chemical waste produced by Xanthi General Hospital in Greece (XGH). This information is important to design and cost management systems for pharmaceutical and chemical waste, for safety and health considerations and for assessing environmental impact. A total of 233 kg pharmaceutical and 110 kg chemical waste was collected, manually separated and weighed over a period of five working weeks. The total production of pharmaceutical waste comprised 3.9% w/w of the total hazardous medical waste produced by the hospital. Total pharmaceutical waste was classified in three categories, vial waste comprising 51.1%, syringe waste with 11.4% and intravenous therapy (IV) waste with 37.5% w/w of the total. Vial pharmaceutical waste only was further classified in six major categories: antibiotics, digestive system drugs, analgesics, hormones, circulatory system drugs and "other". Production data below are presented as average (standard deviation in parenthesis). The unit production rates for total pharmaceutical waste for the hospital were 12.4 (3.90) g/patient/d and 24.6 (7.48) g/bed/d. The respective unit production rates were: (1) for vial waste 6.4 (1.6) g/patient/d and 13 (2.6) g/bed/d, (2) for syringe waste 1.4 (0.4) g/patient/d and 2.8 (0.8) g/bed/d and (3) for IV waste 4.6 (3.0) g/patient/d and 9.2 (5.9) g/bed/d. Total chemical waste was classified in four categories, chemical reagents comprising 18.2%, solvents with 52.3%, dyes and tracers with 18.2% and solid waste with 11.4% w/w of the total. The total production of chemical waste comprised 1.8% w/w of the total hazardous medical waste produced by the hospital. Thus, the sum of pharmaceutical and chemical waste was 5.7% w/w of the total hazardous medical waste produced by the hospital. The unit production rates for total chemical waste for the hospital were 5.8 (2.2) g/patient/d and 1.1 (0.4) g/exam/d. The respective unit production rates were: (1) for reagents 1.7 (2.4) g/patient/d and 0.3 (0.4) g/examination/d, (2) for solvents 248 (127) g/patient/d and 192 (101) g/examination/d, (3) for dyes and tracers 4.7 (1.4) g/patient/d and 2.5 (0.9) g/examination/d and (4) for solid waste 54 (28) g/patient/d and 42 (22) g/examination/d. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Supplemental progesterone and timing of resynchronization on pregnancy outcomes in lactating dairy cows.

PubMed

Bilby, T R; Bruno, R G S; Lager, K J; Chebel, R C; Moraes, J G N; Fricke, P M; Lopes, G; Giordano, J O; Santos, J E P; Lima, F S; Stevenson, J S; Pulley, S L

2013-01-01

The objective was to determine the effect of exogenous progesterone (P4) in a timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol initiated at 2 different times post-AI on pregnancies per AI (P/AI) in lactating dairy cows. Cows (n=1,982) in 5 dairy herds were assigned randomly at a nonpregnancy diagnosis 32 ± 3 d post-AI to 1 of 4 resynchronization (RES) treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design using the Ovsynch-56 (GnRH, 7d later PGF2α, 56 h later GnRH, 16 h later TAI) protocol. Treatments were as follows: cows initiating RES 32 ± 3 d after AI with no supplemental P4 (d 32 RES-CON; n=516); same as d 32 RES-CON plus a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) insert containing P4 at the onset of Ovsynch-56 (d 32 RES-CIDR; n=503); cows initiating RES 39 ± 3 d after AI (d 39 RES-CON; n=494); and same as d 39 RES-CON plus a CIDR (d 39 RES-CIDR; n=491). Cows were inseminated if observed in estrus before TAI. The P/AI was determined 32 and 60 d after TAI. In a subgroup of cows (n=1,152), blood samples were collected and ovarian structures examined by ultrasonography on the days of the first GnRH (G1) and PGF2α of Ovsynch-56. Percentage of cows with a corpus luteum (CL) at G1 was unaffected by timing of treatments, but percentage of cows with a CL at PGF2α was greater for d 32 than for d 39 cows (87.9 vs. 79.4%). In addition, percentage of cows with P4 ≥ 1 ng/mL at G1 was unaffected by timing of treatments, but was increased for d 32 compared with d 39 RES cows on the day of the PGF2α of the RES protocols (86.5 vs. 74.3%). Treatment did not affect ovulation to G1 or P/AI 32 d after RES TAI (d 32 RES-CON=30.1%, d 32 RES-CIDR=28.8%, d 39 RES-CON=27.5%, d 39 RES-CIDR=30.5%). A greater percentage of d 39 RES cows underwent premature luteolysis during the RES protocol compared with d 32 RES cows. An interaction was detected between day of RES initiation and CIDR treatment, in which the CIDR increased P/AI 60 d after TAI for d 39 (CON=23.7% vs. CIDR=28.0%), but not for d 32 (CON=26.9% and CIDR=24.2%) cows. Pregnancy loss was unaffected by treatment. In addition, cows had improved P/AI 60 d after TAI when they received a CIDR and did not have a CL (CON-CL=28.2%, CON-No CL=19.2%, CIDR-CL=27.0%, and CIDR-No CL=26.5%) or had P4 <1 ng/mL (CON-High P4=27.8%, CON-Low P4=15.0%, CIDR-High P4=25.0%, and CIDR-Low P4=29.4%) at G1, but not if a CL was present or P4 was ≥ 1 ng/mL at G1. In conclusion, addition of a CIDR insert to supplement P4 during the RES protocol increased P/AI for cows initiating RES 39 ± 3 d after AI but not 32 ± 3 d after AI. Copyright © 2013 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Phenolic constituents from the root bark of Morus alba L. and their cardioprotective activity in vitro.

PubMed

Zheng, Xiao-Ke; Cao, Yan-Gang; Ke, Ying-Ying; Zhang, Yan-Li; Li, Fang; Gong, Jian-Hong; Zhao, Xuan; Kuang, Hai-Xue; Feng, Wei-Sheng

2017-03-01

A flavanone C-glycoside, steppogenin-5'-C-β-D-glucopyranoside, six prenylated 2-arylbenzofuran derivatives, moracin O-3″-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, moracin O-3'-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, moracin P-2″-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, moracin P-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, moracin P-3'-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside and moracin P-3'-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside, two phenolic acids, 2,4-dihydroxy-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl) benzoic acid and 2,4-dihydroxy-5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl) benzoic acid, as well as three known compounds, moracinoside C, moracin O, and moracin P were isolated from the root bark of Morus alba L. Their structures were ascertained on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. The protective effects of the compounds against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in H9c2 cells was investigated in vitro. Of all of the isolated compounds, moracin P-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, moracin O and moracin P had a strong protective influence against doxorubicin-induced cell death with EC 50 values of 9.5 ± 2.6, 4.5 ± 1.3, and 8.8 ± 2.4 μM, respectively. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of two-chambered bicarbonate lactate-buffered peritoneal dialysis fluids on peripheral blood mononuclear cell and polymorphonuclear cell function in vitro.

PubMed

Sundaram, S; Cendoroglo, M; Cooker, L A; Jaber, B L; Faict, D; Holmes, C J; Pereira, B J

1997-11-01

Low pH, high osmolality, increasing glucose concentration, and glucose degradation products (GDP) formed during heat sterilization of conventional peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids have been shown to have a detrimental effect on cells involved in peritoneal host defense. The two-chambered PD fluid bag in which glucose at pH approximately 3 is separated from a bicarbonate (25 mmol/L)-lactate (15 mmol/L) buffer during heat sterilization permits PD fluids with lower GDP to be delivered to the patient at neutral pH. To establish the possible benefit of two-chambered bag PD fluids on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell function, we compared conventional 1.5% Dianeal (1.5%D) with 1.5% two-chambered bag bicarbonate-lactate (1.5%D-B), and conventional 4.25% Dianeal (4.25%D) with 4.25% two-chambered bag bicarbonate-lactate (4.25%D-B). Furthermore, to study the effect of the sterilization process on PBMC and PMN function, we compared filter-sterilized 4.25%D (4.25%D-F) with 4.25%D and 4.25%D-B. PBMC were harvested by Ficoll-Hypaque separation, and 2.5 x 10(6) cells in RPMI were incubated with an equal volume of the test fluids for 4 hours, pelleted, and resuspended in RPMI containing 10 ng endotoxin for a further 20 hours. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production by endotoxin-stimulated PBMC was not significantly different (P = 0.10) between 1.5%D-B and 1.5%D, but was significantly higher (P = 0.01) with 4.25%D-B compared with 4.25%D. PBMC exposed to filter-sterilized fluid (4.25%D-F) showed significantly higher endotoxin-stimulated TNF-alpha production compared with 4.25%D (P = 0.02), but was not significantly different from 4.25%D-B (P = 0.40). PMN were harvested by Ficoll-Hypaque separation and 10 x 10(6) cells incubated with test fluids for 30 minutes. After incubation, phagocytosis (phagocytosis index) was determined by the uptake of 14C-labeled Staphylococcus aureus, oxidative burst by reduction of ferricytochrome C to ferrocytochrome C on stimulation with PMA, and enzyme release by measurement of endotoxin-stimulated bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI). Bicarbonate-lactate two-chambered fluids of similar osmolality and glucose concentration conferred a significant improvement in phagocytosis (P = 0.02 for 1.5%D-B and P < 0.001 for 4.25%D-B). Oxidative burst and BPI release were significantly higher in 4.25%D-B compared with 4.25%D (P < 0.001). Filter-sterilized 4.25%D-F conferred a significant improvement in phagocytosis and oxidative burst compared with 4.25%D (P < 0.001) or 4.25%D-B (P < 0.001). Furthermore, conventional 4.25%D was associated with significantly lower BPI release compared with 4.25%D-F (P = 0.01). GDP's acetaldehyde and 5-HMF were analyzed in 4.25%D-B, 4.25%D, and 4.25%D-F. Acetaldehyde was below the lower limit (0.79 ppm) of the standard curve in 4.25%D-B and 4.25%D-F fluids but was detected (3.76 to 5.12 ppm) in all of the 4.25%D fluids. Relative levels of 5-HMF in the 4.25%D-B (0.032 to 0.041 Abs @ 284 nm) and 4.25%D (0.031 to 0.036 Abs @ 284 nm) were similar. The lowest levels (0.001 Abs @ 284 nm) were observed in the filter-sterilized 4.25%D-F. The beneficial effects of two-chambered bicarbonate lactate-buffered PD fluids on PBMC and PMN function are probably related to reduction of GDP from heat sterilization of glucose in a separate chamber at a lower pH. This improvement in biocompatibility could have a beneficial affect on peritoneal defenses.
More Fluorous Surface Modifier Makes it Less Oleophobic: Fluorinated-Siloxane Copolymer/PDMS Coatings

PubMed Central

Zhang, Wei; Zheng, Ying; Orsini, Lorenzo; Morelli, Andrea; Galli, Giancarlo; Chiellini, Emo; Carpenter, Everett E.; Wynne, Kenneth J.

2010-01-01

A copolyacrylate with semifluorinated and polydimethylsiloxane side chains (D5-3) was used as a surface modifier for a condensation cured PDMS coating. The decyl fluorous group is represented by “D”; “5” is a 5 kDa silicone, and “3” the mole ratio of fluorous to silicone side chain. Wetting behavior was assessed by dynamic contact angle (DCA) analysis using isopropanol, which differentiates silicone and fluorous wetting behavior. Interestingly, a maximum in surface oleophobicity was found at low D5-3 concentration (0.4 wt%). Higher concentrations result in decreased oleophobicity reflected in decreased contact angles. To understand this unexpected observation, dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies were initiated on a model system consisting of hydroxyl-terminated PDMS (18 kDa) containing varying amounts of D5-3. DLS revealed D5-3 aggregation as a function of temperature and concentration. A model is proposed by which D5-3 surface concentration is depleted via phase separation favoring D5-3 aggregation at concentrations >0.4 wt%, that is, the CMC. This model suggests increasing aggregate / micelle concentrations at increased D5-3 concentration. Bulk morphologies studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) support this model by showing increased aggregate concentrations with increased D5-3 >0.4 wt%. PMID:20000339
Rate Constants and Activation Energies for Gas‐Phase Reactions of Three Cyclic Volatile Methyl Siloxanes with the Hydroxyl Radical

PubMed Central

Safron, Andreas; Strandell, Michael; Kierkegaard, Amelie

2015-01-01

ABSTRACT Reaction with hydroxyl radicals (OH) is the major pathway for removal of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) from air. We present new measurements of second‐order rate constants for reactions of the cVMS octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) with OH determined at temperatures between 313 and 353 K. Our measurements were made using the method of relative rates with cyclohexane as a reference substance and were conducted in a 140‐mL gas‐phase reaction chamber with online mass spectrometry analysis. When extrapolated to 298 K, our measured reaction rate constants of D4 and D5 with the OH radical are 1.9 × 10−12 (95% confidence interval (CI): (1.7–2.2) × 10−12) and 2.6 × 10−12 (CI: (2.3–2.9) × 10−12) cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively, which are 1.9× and 1.7× faster than previous measurements. Our measured rate constant for D6 is 2.8 × 10−12 (CI: (2.5–3.2) × 10−12) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and to our knowledge there are no comparable laboratory measurements in the literature. Reaction rates for D5 were 33% higher than for D4 (CI: 30–37%), whereas the rates for D6 were only 8% higher than for D5 (CI: 5–10%). The activation energies of the reactions of D4, D5, and D6 with OH were not statistically different and had a value of 4300 ± 2800 J/mol. PMID:27708500

Rate Constants and Activation Energies for Gas-Phase Reactions of Three Cyclic Volatile Methyl Siloxanes with the Hydroxyl Radical.

PubMed

Safron, Andreas; Strandell, Michael; Kierkegaard, Amelie; Macleod, Matthew

2015-07-01

Reaction with hydroxyl radicals (OH) is the major pathway for removal of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) from air. We present new measurements of second-order rate constants for reactions of the cVMS octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D 4 ), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D 5 ), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D 6 ) with OH determined at temperatures between 313 and 353 K. Our measurements were made using the method of relative rates with cyclohexane as a reference substance and were conducted in a 140-mL gas-phase reaction chamber with online mass spectrometry analysis. When extrapolated to 298 K, our measured reaction rate constants of D 4 and D 5 with the OH radical are 1.9 × 10 -12 (95% confidence interval (CI): (1.7-2.2) × 10 -12 ) and 2.6 × 10 -12 (CI: (2.3-2.9) × 10 -12 ) cm 3 molecule -1 s -1 , respectively, which are 1.9× and 1.7× faster than previous measurements. Our measured rate constant for D 6 is 2.8 × 10 -12 (CI: (2.5-3.2) × 10 -12 ) cm 3 molecule -1 s -1 and to our knowledge there are no comparable laboratory measurements in the literature. Reaction rates for D 5 were 33% higher than for D 4 (CI: 30-37%), whereas the rates for D 6 were only 8% higher than for D 5 (CI: 5-10%). The activation energies of the reactions of D 4 , D 5 , and D 6 with OH were not statistically different and had a value of 4300 ± 2800 J/mol.
Systematic and quantitative assessment of the effect of chronic kidney disease on CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5

PubMed Central

Yoshida, K; Sun, B; Zhang, L; Zhao, P; Abernethy, DR; Nolin, TD; Rostami‐Hodjegan, A; Zineh, I

2016-01-01

Recent reviews suggest that chronic kidney disease (CKD) can affect the pharmacokinetics of nonrenally eliminated drugs, but the impact of CKD on individual elimination pathways has not been systematically evaluated. In this study we developed a comprehensive dataset of the effect of CKD on the pharmacokinetics of CYP2D6‐ and CYP3A4/5‐metabolized drugs. Drugs for evaluation were selected based on clinical drug–drug interaction (CYP3A4/5 and CYP2D6) and pharmacogenetic (CYP2D6) studies. Information from dedicated CKD studies was available for 13 and 18 of the CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5 model drugs, respectively. Analysis of these data suggested that CYP2D6‐mediated clearance is generally decreased in parallel with the severity of CKD. There was no apparent relationship between the severity of CKD and CYP3A4/5‐mediated clearance. The observed elimination‐route dependency in CKD effects between CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5 may inform the need to conduct clinical CKD studies with nonrenally eliminated drugs for optimal use of drugs in patients with CKD. PMID:26800425
A Quantification of the 3D Modeling Capabilities of the Kinectfusion Algorithm

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-27

Based on the documentation, this is based on the idea that the majority GPU cards on the market will not have the memory required to support more than...5.0 4.4 4N 520 7.9 0.4 8.6 8.2 8.0 7.6 6.6 4P 520 6.2 0.3 6.9 6.4 6.2 6.0 5.5 4Q 520 7.1 0.4 8.0 7.3 7.1 6.8 6.1 5D 520 6.4 0.4 7.0 6.6 6.4 6.1 5.5 5N...3Q 5.3 5.3 5.2 -0.1 -1.7% 4D 5.3 5.3 5.2 -0.1 -1.3% 4N 7.9 8.0 7.7 -0.2 -2.2% 4P 6.2 6.2 5.9 -0.3 -5.2% 4Q 7.1 7.1 7.0 -0.1 -1.1% 5D 6.4 6.4 6.6 0.2
Atomic data of intermediate autoionzing Rydberg series nf[K]J (n = 4, 5), nd[K]J (n = 5, 6), np[K]J (n = 6, 7) and ns[K]J (n = 7, 8) of neutral argon atom in the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock framework

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hassouneh, Ola; Salah, Wa'el

2017-07-01

We report the results of an accurate computation of the energy levels, oscillator strengths f_{ij}, the radiative transition rates A_{ij}, the Landé g-factor, the magnetic dipole and the electric quadrupole hyperfine constants of the intermediate Rydberg series nf[K]J (n = 4, 5), nd[K]J (n = 5, 6), np[K]J (n = 6, 7) and ns[K]J (n = 7, 8) relative to the ground state 3p6 1S0 for neutral argon atom spectra based on the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) approach. In this approach, the quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects with transverse photon Breit interaction and vacuum photon polarization self-energy corrections are included. Moreover, the perturbation due to the core-polarization and electron correlation effects are taken into account. We also reported the oscillator strengths and transition rates in Coulomb and Babushkin gauges for the 3p5(2P)3d-3p5(2P)4f, 3p5(2P)3d-3p5(2P)5f, 3p5(2P)4d-3p5(2P)4f, 3p5(2P)4d-3p5(2P)5f, 3p5(2P)5d-3p5(2P)4f, 3p5(2P)5d-3p5(2P)5f, 3p5(2P)6d-3p5(2P)4f and 3p5(2P)6d-3p5(2P)5f transition arrays as well as the 3p5(2P)5d-3p5(2P)6p, 3p5(2P)7s-3p5(2P)6p, 3p5(2P)7s-3p5(2P)7p and 3p5(2P)8s-3p5(2P)7p transition arrays. Insofar as experimental or theoretical values by other authors exist, comparison is made with those values; it turns out that, for most of the levels, a rather satisfying agreement with these experimental and theoretical results is obtained, thus confirming the reliability of our data.
Design, synthesis and anticonvulsant properties of new N-Mannich bases derived from 3-phenylpyrrolidine-2,5-diones.

PubMed

Kamiński, Krzysztof; Obniska, Jolanta; Chlebek, Iwona; Wiklik, Beata; Rzepka, Sabina

2013-11-01

The synthesis and anticonvulsant properties of new N-Mannich bases of 3-phenyl- (9a-d), 3-(2-chlorophenyl)- (10a-d), 3-(3-chlorophenyl)- (11a-d) and 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-pyrrolidine-2,5-diones (12a-d) were described. The key synthetic strategies involve the formation of 3-substituted pyrrolidine-2,5-diones (5-8), and then aminoalkylation reaction (Mannich-type) with formaldehyde and corresponding secondary amines, which let to obtain the final compounds 9a-d, 10a-d, 11a-d and 12a-d in good yields. Initial anticonvulsant screening was performed in mice (ip) using the maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) seizures tests. The most effective compounds in mice were tested after oral administration in rats. The acute neurological toxicity was determined applying the minimal motor impairment rotarod test. The in vivo results revealed that numerous compounds were effective especially in the MES test (model of human tonic-clonic seizures). The most active in the MES seizures in rats was 1-[(4-benzyl-1-piperidyl)methyl]-3-(2-chlorophenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (10c) which showed ED50 value of 37.64mg/kg. It should be stressed that this molecule along with 9a, 9d and 10d showed protection in the psychomotor seizure test (6-Hz), which is known as an animal model of therapy-resistant epilepsy. Furthermore compounds 9a, 9d and 10d were also tested in the pilocarpine-induced status prevention (PISP) test to assess their potential effectiveness in status epilepticus. For the most promising molecule 9d an influence on human CYP3A4 isoform of P-450 cytochrome was studied in vitro. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synthesis, cytotoxic effect and antiviral activity of 1-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-bromo-N4-substituted cytosine and 1-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-bromo-4-methoxypyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives.

PubMed

Saladino, R; Mezzetti, M; Mincione, E; Palamara, A T; Savini, P; Marini, S

1999-01-01

A convenient and mild synthesis of 5-bromo-N4-substituted-1-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine and 5-bromo-O4-methyl-1-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives by selective oxyfunctionalization of the corresponding 4-thionucleosides with 3,3-dimethyldioxirane is reported. The cytotoxicity and the antiviral activity against parainfluenza 1 (Sendai virus) of all new synthesized products are also reported.
Novel DNA variations to characterize low molecular weight glutenin Glu-D3 genes and develop STS markers in common wheat.

PubMed

Zhao, X L; Xia, X C; He, Z H; Lei, Z S; Appels, R; Yang, Y; Sun, Q X; Ma, W

2007-02-01

Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) play an important role in bread and noodle processing quality by influencing the viscoelasticity and extensibility of dough. The objectives of this study were to characterize Glu-D3 subunit coding genes and to develop molecular markers for identifying Glu-D3 gene haplotypes. Gene specific primer sets were designed to amplify eight wheat cultivars containing Glu-D3a, b, c, d and e alleles, defined traditionally by protein electrophoretic mobility. Three novel Glu-D3 DNA sequences, designated as GluD3-4, GluD3-5 and GluD3-6, were amplified from the eight wheat cultivars. GluD3-4 showed three allelic variants or haplotypes at the DNA level in the eight cultivars, which were designated as GluD3-41, GluD3-42 and GluD3-43. Compared with GluD3-42, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was detected for GluD3-43 in the coding region, resulting in a pseudo-gene with a nonsense mutation at the 119th position of deduced peptide, and a 3-bp insertion was found in the coding region of GluD3-41, leading to a glutamine insertion at the 249th position of its deduced protein. The coding regions for GluD3-5 and GluD3-6 showed no allelic variation in the eight cultivars tested, indicating that they were relatively conservative in common wheat. Based on the 12 allelic variants of three Glu-D3 genes identified in this study and three detected previously, seven STS markers were established to amplify the corresponding gene sequences in wheat cultivars containing five Glu-D3 alleles (a, b, c, d and e). The seven primer sets M2F12/M2R12, M2F2/M2R2, M2F3/M2R3, M3F1/M3R1, M3F2/M3R2, M4F1/M4R1 and M4F3/M4R3 were specific to the allelic variants GluD3-21/22, GluD3-22, GluD3-23, GluD3-31, GluD3-32, GluD3-41 and GluD3-43, respectively, which were validated by amplifying 20 Chinese wheat cultivars containing alleles a, b, c and f based on protein electrophoretic mobility. These markers will be useful to identify the Glu-D3 gene haplotypes in wheat breeding programs.
Enhancing analysis throughput, sensitivity and specificity in LC/ESI-MS/MS assay of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 by derivatization with triplex 4-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (DAPTAD) isotopologues.

PubMed

Ogawa, Shoujiro; Kittaka, Hiroki; Nakata, Akiho; Komatsu, Kenji; Sugiura, Takahiro; Satoh, Mamoru; Nomura, Fumio; Higashi, Tatsuya

2017-03-20

The plasma/serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 [25(OH)D 3 ] is a diagnostic index for vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, which is associated with a wide range of diseases, such as rickets, cancer and diabetes. We have reported that the derivatization with 4-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (DAPTAD) works well in the liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) assay of the serum/plasma 25(OH)D 3 for enhancing the sensitivity and the separation from a potent interfering metabolite, 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 [3-epi-25(OH)D 3 ]. However, enhancing the analysis throughput remains an issue in the LC/ESI-MS/MS assay of 25(OH)D 3 . The most obvious restriction of the LC/MS/MS throughput is the chromatographic run time. In this study, we developed an enhanced throughput method for the determination of the plasma 25(OH)D 3 by LC/ESI-MS/MS combined with the derivatization using the triplex ( 2 H 0 -, 2 H 3 - and 2 H 6 -) DAPTAD isotopologues. After separate derivatization with 1 of 3 different isotopologues, the 3 samples were combined and injected together into LC/ESI-MS/MS. Based on the mass differences between the isotopologues, the derivatized 25(OH)D 3 in the 3 different samples were quantified within a single run. The developed method tripled the hourly analysis throughput without sacrificing assay performance, i.e., ease of pretreatment of plasma sample (only deproteinization), limit of quantification (1.0ng/mL when a 5μL-plasma was used), precision (intra-assay RSD≤5.9% and inter-assay RSD≤5.5%), accuracy (98.7-102.2%), matrix effects, and capability of separating from an interfering metabolite, 3-epi-25(OH)D 3 . The multiplexing of samples by the isotopologue derivatization was applied to the analysis of plasma samples of healthy subjects and the developed method was proven to have a satisfactory applicability. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Stereocontrolled dopamine receptor binding and subtype selectivity of clebopride analogues synthesized from aspartic acid.

PubMed

Einsiedel, Jürgen; Weber, Klaus; Thomas, Christoph; Lehmann, Thomas; Hübner, Harald; Gmeiner, Peter

2003-10-06

Employing the achiral 4-aminopiperidine derivative clebopride as a lead compound, chiral analogues were developed displaying dopamine receptor binding profiles that proved to be strongly dependent on the stereochemistry. Compared to the D1 receptor, the test compounds showed high selectivity for the D2-like subtypes including D2(long), D2(short), D3 and D4. The highest D4 and D3 affinities were observed for the cis-3-amino-4-methylpyrrolidines 3e and the enantiomer ent3e resulting in K(i) values of 0.23 and 1.8 nM, respectively. The benzamides of type 3 and 5 were synthesized in enantiopure form starting from (S)-aspartic acid and its unnatural optical antipode.
Hydrogen in La2MgNi9D13: the role of magnesium.

PubMed

Denys, Roman V; Yartys, Volodymyr A; Webb, Colin J

2012-04-02

Reversible hydrogen storage capacity of the La(3-x)Mg(x)Ni(9) alloys, charged by gaseous hydrogen or by electrochemical methods, reaches its maximum at composition La(2)MgNi(9). As (La,Mg)Ni(3-3.5) alloys are the materials used in advanced metal hydride electrodes in Ni-MH batteries, this raises interest in the study of the structure-properties interrelation in the system La(2)MgNi(9)-H(2) (D(2)). In the present work, this system has been investigated by use of in situ synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction in H(2)/D(2) gas and by performing pressure-composition-temperature measurements. The saturated La(2)MgNi(9)D(13.1) hydride forms via an isotropic expansion and crystallizes with a trigonal unit cell (space group R3m (No.166); a = 5.4151(1) Å; c = 26.584(2) Å; V = 675.10(6) Å(3)). The studied hybrid structure is composed of a stacking of two layers resembling existing intermetallic compounds LaNi(5) (CaCu(5) type) and LaMgNi(4) (Laves type). These are occupied by D to form LaNi(5)D(5.2) and LaMgNi(4)D(7.9). The LaNi(5)D(5.2) slab has a typical structure observed for all reported LaNi(5)-containing hybrid structures of the AB(5) + Laves phase types. However, the Laves type slab LaMgNi(4)D(7.9) is different from the characterized individual LaMgNi(4)D(4.85) hydride. This results from the filling of a greater variety of interstitial sites in the La(2)MgNi(9)D(13)/LaMgNi(4)D(7.9), including MgNi(2), Ni(4), (La/Mg)(2)Ni(2), and (La/Mg)Ni(3), in contrast with individual LaMgNi(4)D(4.85) where only La(2)MgNi(2) and Ni(4) interstitials are occupied. Despite a random distribution of La and Mg in the structure, a local hydrogen ordering takes place with H atoms favoring occupation of two Mg-surrounded sites, triangles MgNi(2) and tetrahedra LaMgNi(2). A directional bonding between Ni, Mg, and hydrogen is observed and is manifested by a formation of the NiH(4) tetrahedra and MgH(6) octahedra, which are connected to each other by sharing H vertexes to form a spatial framework.
Tetranuclear copper(II) complexes bridged by alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate and incorporation of sugar acids through the Cu4 core structural changes.

PubMed

Kato, Merii; Sah, Ajay Kumar; Tanase, Tomoaki; Mikuriya, Masahiro

2006-08-21

Tetranuclear copper(II) complexes containing alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate (alpha-D-Glc-1P), [Cu4(mu-OH){mu-(alpha-D-Glc-1P)}2(bpy)4(H2O)2]X3 [X = NO3 (1a), Cl (1b), Br (1c)], and [Cu4(mu-OH){mu-(alpha-D-Glc-1P)}2(phen)4(H2O)2](NO3)3 (2) were prepared by reacting the copper(II) salt with Na2[alpha-D-Glc-1P] in the presence of diimine ancillary ligands, and the structure of 2 was characterized by X-ray crystallography to comprise four {Cu(phen)}2+ fragments connected by the two sugar phosphate dianions in 1,3-O,O' and 1,1-O mu4-bridging fashion as well as a mu-hydroxo anion. The crystal structure of 2 involves two chemically independent complex cations in which the C2 enantiomeric structure for the trapezoidal tetracopper(II) framework is switched according to the orientation of the alpha-D-glucopyranosyl moieties. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility data of 1a indicated that antiferromagnetic spin coupling is operative between the two metal ions joined by the hydroxo bridge (J = -52 cm(-1)) while antiferromagnetic interaction through the Cu-O-Cu sugar phosphate bridges is weak (J = -13 cm(-1)). Complex 1a readily reacted with carboxylic acids to afford the tetranuclear copper(II) complexes, [Cu4{mu-(alpha-D-Glc-1P)}2(mu-CA)2(bpy)4](NO3)2 [CA = CH3COO (3), o-C6H4(COO)(COOH) (4)]. Reactions with m-phenylenediacetic acid [m-C6H4(CH2COOH)2] also gave the discrete tetracopper(II) cationic complex [Cu4{mu-(alpha-D-Glc-1P)}2(mu-m-C6H4(CH2COO)(CH2COOH))2(bpy)4](NO3)2 (5a) as well as the cluster polymer formulated as {[Cu4{mu-(alpha-D-Glc-1P)}2(mu-m-C6H4(CH2COO)2)(bpy)4](NO3)2}n (5b). The tetracopper structure of 1a is converted into a symmetrical rectangular core in complexes 3, 4, and 5b, where the hydroxo bridge is dissociated and, instead, two carboxylate anions bridge another pair of Cu(II) ions in a 1,1-O monodentate fashion. The similar reactions were applied to incorporate sugar acids onto the tetranuclear copper(II) centers. Reactions of 1a with delta-D-gluconolactone, D-glucuronic acid, or D-glucaric acid in dimethylformamide resulted in the formation of discrete tetracopper complexes with sugar acids, [Cu4{mu-(alpha-D-Glc-1P)}2(mu-SA)2(bpy)4](NO3)2 [SA = D-gluconate (6), D-glucuronate (7), D-glucarateH (8a)]. The structures of 6 and 7 were determined by X-ray crystallography to be almost identical with that of 3 with additional chelating coordination of the C-2 hydroxyl group of D-gluconate moieties (6) or the C-5 cyclic O atom of D-glucuronate units (7). Those with D-glucaric acid and D-lactobionic acid afforded chiral one-dimensional polymers, {[Cu4{mu-(alpha-D-Glc-1P)}2(mu-D-glucarate)(bpy)4](NO3)2}n (8b) and {[Cu4{mu-(alpha-D-Glc-1P)}2(mu-D-lactobionate)(bpy)4(H2O)2](NO3)3}n (9), respectively, in which the D-Glc-1P-bridged tetracopper(II) units are connected by sugar acid moieties through the C-1 and C-6 carboxylate O atoms in 8b and the C-1 carboxylate and C-6 alkoxy O atoms of the gluconate chain in 9. When complex 7 containing d-glucuronate moieties was heated in water, the mononuclear copper(II) complex with 2-dihydroxy malonate, [Cu(mu-O2CC(OH)2CO2)(bpy)] (10), and the dicopper(II) complex with oxalate, [Cu2(mu-C2O4)(bpy)2(H2O)2](NO3)2 (11), were obtained as a result of oxidative degradation of the carbohydrates through C-C bond cleavage reactions.
Respiratory motion resolved, self-gated 4D-MRI using Rotating Cartesian K-space (ROCK)

PubMed Central

Han, Fei; Zhou, Ziwu; Cao, Minsong; Yang, Yingli; Sheng, Ke; Hu, Peng

2017-01-01

Purpose To propose and validate a respiratory motion resolved, self-gated (SG) 4D-MRI technique to assess patient-specific breathing motion of abdominal organs for radiation treatment planning. Methods The proposed 4D-MRI technique was based on the balanced steady-state free-precession (bSSFP) technique and 3D k-space encoding. A novel ROtating Cartesian K-space (ROCK) reordering method was designed that incorporates repeatedly sampled k-space centerline as the SG motion surrogate and allows for retrospective k-space data binning into different respiratory positions based on the amplitude of the surrogate. The multiple respiratory-resolved 3D k-space data were subsequently reconstructed using a joint parallel imaging and compressed sensing method with spatial and temporal regularization. The proposed 4D-MRI technique was validated using a custom-made dynamic motion phantom and was tested in 6 healthy volunteers, in whom quantitative diaphragm and kidney motion measurements based on 4D-MRI images were compared with those based on 2D-CINE images. Results The 5-minute 4D-MRI scan offers high-quality volumetric images in 1.2×1.2×1.6mm3 and 8 respiratory positions, with good soft-tissue contrast. In phantom experiments with triangular motion waveform, the motion amplitude measurements based on 4D-MRI were 11.89% smaller than the ground truth, whereas a −12.5% difference was expected due to data binning effects. In healthy volunteers, the difference between the measurements based on 4D-MRI and the ones based on 2D-CINE were 6.2±4.5% for the diaphragm, 8.2±4.9% and 8.9±5.1% for the right and left kidney. Conclusion The proposed 4D-MRI technique could provide high resolution, high quality, respiratory motion resolved 4D images with good soft-tissue contrast and are free of the “stitching” artifacts usually seen on 4D-CT and 4D-MRI based on resorting 2D-CINE. It could be used to visualize and quantify abdominal organ motion for MRI-based radiation treatment planning. PMID:28133752
Respiratory motion-resolved, self-gated 4D-MRI using rotating cartesian k-space (ROCK).

PubMed

Han, Fei; Zhou, Ziwu; Cao, Minsong; Yang, Yingli; Sheng, Ke; Hu, Peng

2017-04-01

To propose and validate a respiratory motion resolved, self-gated (SG) 4D-MRI technique to assess patient-specific breathing motion of abdominal organs for radiation treatment planning. The proposed 4D-MRI technique was based on the balanced steady-state free-precession (bSSFP) technique and 3D k-space encoding. A novel rotating cartesian k-space (ROCK) reordering method was designed which incorporates repeatedly sampled k-space centerline as the SG motion surrogate and allows for retrospective k-space data binning into different respiratory positions based on the amplitude of the surrogate. The multiple respiratory-resolved 3D k-space data were subsequently reconstructed using a joint parallel imaging and compressed sensing method with spatial and temporal regularization. The proposed 4D-MRI technique was validated using a custom-made dynamic motion phantom and was tested in six healthy volunteers, in whom quantitative diaphragm and kidney motion measurements based on 4D-MRI images were compared with those based on 2D-CINE images. The 5-minute 4D-MRI scan offers high-quality volumetric images in 1.2 × 1.2 × 1.6 mm 3 and eight respiratory positions, with good soft-tissue contrast. In phantom experiments with triangular motion waveform, the motion amplitude measurements based on 4D-MRI were 11.89% smaller than the ground truth, whereas a -12.5% difference was expected due to data binning effects. In healthy volunteers, the difference between the measurements based on 4D-MRI and the ones based on 2D-CINE were 6.2 ± 4.5% for the diaphragm, 8.2 ± 4.9% and 8.9 ± 5.1% for the right and left kidney. The proposed 4D-MRI technique could provide high-resolution, high-quality, respiratory motion-resolved 4D images with good soft-tissue contrast and are free of the "stitching" artifacts usually seen on 4D-CT and 4D-MRI based on resorting 2D-CINE. It could be used to visualize and quantify abdominal organ motion for MRI-based radiation treatment planning. © 2017 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.
Analogues of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone containing cytotoxic groups.

PubMed

Janáky, T; Juhász, A; Bajusz, S; Csernus, V; Srkalovic, G; Bokser, L; Milovanovic, S; Redding, T W; Rékási, Z; Nagy, A

1992-02-01

In an attempt to produce better cytotoxic analogues, chemotherapeutic antineoplastic radicals including an alkylating nitrogen mustard derivative of D-phenylalanine (D-melphalan), reactive cyclopropane, anthraquinone derivatives [2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone and the anticancer antibiotic doxorubicin], and an antimetabolite (methotrexate) were coupled to suitably modified agonists and antagonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). Analogues with D-lysine6 and D-ornithine6 or N epsilon-(2,3-diaminopropionyl)-D-lysine and N delta-(2,3-diaminopropionyl)-D-ornithine were used as carriers for one or two cytotoxic moieties. The enhanced biological activities produced by the incorporation of D amino acids into position 6 of the agonistic analogues were further increased by the attachment of hydrophobic cytotoxic groups, resulting in compounds with 10-50 times higher activity than LH-RH. Most of the monosubstituted agonistic analogues showed high affinities for the membrane receptors of human breast cancer cells, while the receptor binding affinities of peptides containing two cytotoxic side chains were lower. Antagonistic carriers [Ac-D-Nal(2)1,D-Phe(4Cl)2,D-Trp3,Arg5,D-Lys6,D-Ala10] LH-RH [where Nal(2) is 3-(2-naphthyl)alanine], [Ac-D-Nal(2)1,D-Phe(4Cl)2,D-Trp3,Arg5,N epsilon-(2,3-diaminopropionyl)-D-Lys6,D-Ala10]LH-RH, and their D-Pal(3)3 homologs [Pal(3) is 3-(3-pyridyl)alanine] as well as [Ac-D-Nal(2)1,D-Phe(4Cl)2,D-Pal(3)3,Tyr5,N epsilon-(2,3-diamino-propionyl)-D-Lys6,D-Ala10]LH-RH were linked to cytotoxic compounds. The hybrid molecules inhibited ovulation in rats at doses of 10 micrograms and suppressed LH release in vitro. The receptor binding of cytotoxic analogues was decreased compared to the precursor peptides, although analogues with 2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone hemiglutarate had high affinities. All of the cytotoxic analogues tested inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA in cultures of human breast and prostate cancer cell lines. Some cytotoxic analogues also significantly suppressed the growth of mammary and prostate cancers in vivo in animal models.
Analogues of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone containing cytotoxic groups.

PubMed Central

Janáky, T; Juhász, A; Bajusz, S; Csernus, V; Srkalovic, G; Bokser, L; Milovanovic, S; Redding, T W; Rékási, Z; Nagy, A

1992-01-01

In an attempt to produce better cytotoxic analogues, chemotherapeutic antineoplastic radicals including an alkylating nitrogen mustard derivative of D-phenylalanine (D-melphalan), reactive cyclopropane, anthraquinone derivatives [2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone and the anticancer antibiotic doxorubicin], and an antimetabolite (methotrexate) were coupled to suitably modified agonists and antagonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). Analogues with D-lysine6 and D-ornithine6 or N epsilon-(2,3-diaminopropionyl)-D-lysine and N delta-(2,3-diaminopropionyl)-D-ornithine were used as carriers for one or two cytotoxic moieties. The enhanced biological activities produced by the incorporation of D amino acids into position 6 of the agonistic analogues were further increased by the attachment of hydrophobic cytotoxic groups, resulting in compounds with 10-50 times higher activity than LH-RH. Most of the monosubstituted agonistic analogues showed high affinities for the membrane receptors of human breast cancer cells, while the receptor binding affinities of peptides containing two cytotoxic side chains were lower. Antagonistic carriers [Ac-D-Nal(2)1,D-Phe(4Cl)2,D-Trp3,Arg5,D-Lys6,D-Ala10] LH-RH [where Nal(2) is 3-(2-naphthyl)alanine], [Ac-D-Nal(2)1,D-Phe(4Cl)2,D-Trp3,Arg5,N epsilon-(2,3-diaminopropionyl)-D-Lys6,D-Ala10]LH-RH, and their D-Pal(3)3 homologs [Pal(3) is 3-(3-pyridyl)alanine] as well as [Ac-D-Nal(2)1,D-Phe(4Cl)2,D-Pal(3)3,Tyr5,N epsilon-(2,3-diamino-propionyl)-D-Lys6,D-Ala10]LH-RH were linked to cytotoxic compounds. The hybrid molecules inhibited ovulation in rats at doses of 10 micrograms and suppressed LH release in vitro. The receptor binding of cytotoxic analogues was decreased compared to the precursor peptides, although analogues with 2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone hemiglutarate had high affinities. All of the cytotoxic analogues tested inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA in cultures of human breast and prostate cancer cell lines. Some cytotoxic analogues also significantly suppressed the growth of mammary and prostate cancers in vivo in animal models. PMID:1310542
Adipose tissue insulin receptor and glucose transporter 4 expression, and blood glucose and insulin responses during glucose tolerance tests in transition Holstein cows with different body condition.

PubMed

Jaakson, H; Karis, P; Ling, K; Ilves-Luht, A; Samarütel, J; Henno, M; Jõudu, I; Waldmann, A; Reimann, E; Pärn, P; Bruckmaier, R M; Gross, J J; Kaart, T; Kass, M; Ots, M

2018-01-01

Glucose uptake in tissues is mediated by insulin receptor (INSR) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of body condition during the dry period on adipose tissue mRNA and protein expression of INSR and GLUT4, and on the dynamics of glucose and insulin following the i.v. glucose tolerance test in Holstein cows 21 d before (d -21) and after (d 21) calving. Cows were grouped as body condition score (BCS) ≤3.0 (thin, T; n = 14), BCS = 3.25 to 3.5 (optimal, O; n = 14), and BCS ≥3.75 (overconditioned, OC; n = 14). Blood was analyzed for glucose, insulin, fatty acids, and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. Adipose tissue was analyzed for INSR and GLUT4 mRNA and protein concentrations. During the glucose tolerance test 0.15 g/kg of body weight glucose was infused; blood was collected at -5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min, and analyzed for glucose and insulin. On d -21 the area under the curve (AUC) of glucose was smallest in group T (1,512 ± 33.9 mg/dL × min) and largest in group OC (1,783 ± 33.9 mg/dL × min), and different between all groups. Basal insulin on d -21 was lowest in group T (13.9 ± 2.32 µU/mL), which was different from group OC (24.9 ± 2.32 µU/mL. On d -21 the smallest AUC 5-60 of insulin in group T (5,308 ± 1,214 µU/mL × min) differed from the largest AUC in group OC (10,867 ± 1,215 µU/mL × min). Time to reach basal concentration of insulin in group OC (113 ± 14.1 min) was longer compared with group T (45 ± 14.1). The INSR mRNA abundance on d 21 was higher compared with d -21 in groups T (d -21: 3.3 ± 0.44; d 21: 5.9 ± 0.44) and O (d -21: 3.7 ± 0.45; d 21: 4.7 ± 0.45). The extent of INSR protein expression on d -21 was highest in group T (7.3 ± 0.74 ng/mL), differing from group O (4.6 ± 0.73 ng/mL), which had the lowest expression. The amount of GLUT4 protein on d -21 was lowest in group OC (1.2 ± 0.14 ng/mL), different from group O (1.8 ± 0.14 ng/mL), which had the highest amount, and from group T (1.5 ± 0.14 ng/mL). From d -21 to 21, a decrease occurred in the GLUT4 protein levels in both groups T (d -21: 1.5 ± 0.14 ng/mL; d 21: 0.8 ± 0.14 ng/mL) and O (d -21: 1.8 ± 0.14 ng/mL; d 21: 0.8 ± 0.14 ng/mL). These results demonstrate that in obese cows adipose tissue insulin resistance develops prepartum and is related to reduced GLUT4 protein synthesis. Regarding glucose metabolism, body condition did not affect adipose tissue insulin resistance postpartum. Copyright © 2018 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
STP 4-06 Model-Based Technical Data in Procurement, 3D PDF Technology Data Demonstration Project. Phase 1 Summary

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-01

O R G STP 4-06 MODEL-BASED TECHNICAL DATA IN PROCUREMENT 3D PDF TECHNOLOGY DATA DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PHASE 1 SUMMARY REPORT DL309T2...LMI’s ISO- certified quality management procedures. J U L Y 2 0 1 5 STP 4-06 MODEL-BASED TECHNICAL DATA IN PROCUREMENT 3D PDF TECHNICAL DATA...Based Technical Data ..................................................................................... 5 3D PDF Demonstration Team
Development of an Advanced Fan Blade Containment System

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-08-01

TFE731 -2 4500 28.2 30 CFM56-2 24000 70.5 44 PW2037 38250 78.5 36 JT9D-7 45600 93.4 46 CF6-6D 45750 86.4 38 RB211-524D4 53000 86.3 33 JT9D-7R4G 54750 94.9...THRUST MODEL (LB) TIP IMPACT BAEIMPACT I MACT F109 1,330 3.172 2.158 0.854 TFE731 -5 4,500 4.455 3.019 0.983 CFM56-2 24,000 10.900 7.398 1.864 FIGURE 7
Simultaneous quantitative analysis of eight vitamin D analogues in milk using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Gomes, Fabio P; Shaw, P Nicholas; Whitfield, Karen; Hewavitharana, Amitha K

2015-09-03

Milk is an important source of nutrients for various risk populations, including infants. The accurate measurement of vitamin D in milk is necessary to provide adequate supplementation advice for risk groups and to monitor regulatory compliance. Currently used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods are capable of measuring only four analogues of vitamin D in unfortified milk. We report here an accurate quantitative analytical method for eight analogues of vitamin D: Vitamin D2 and D3 (D2 and D3), 25-hydroxy D2 and D3, 24,25-dihydroxy D2 and D3, and 1,25-dihydroxyD2 and D3. In this study, we compared saponification and protein precipitation for the extraction of vitamin D from milk and found the latter to be more effective. We also optimised the pre-column derivatisation using 4-phenyl-l,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (PTAD), to achieve the highest sensitivity and accuracy for all major vitamin D forms in milk. Chromatography was optimised to reduce matrix effects such as ion-suppression, and the matrix effects were eliminated using co-eluting stable isotope labelled internal standards for the calibration of each analogue. The analogues, 25-hydroxyD3 (25(OH)D3) and its epimer (3-epi-25(OH)D3) were chromatographically resolved, to prevent over-estimation of 25(OH)D3. The method was validated and subsequently applied for the measurement of total vitamin D levels in human, cow, mare, goat and sheep milk samples. The detection limits, repeatability standard deviations, and recovery ranges were from 0.2 to 0.4 femtomols, 6.30-13.5%, and 88.2-105%, respectively. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Comparison of HELIX TWT Simulation Using 2-D PIC (Magic), 2-D Modal (Gator), and 1-D Modal (Christine) Methods

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-05-01

Mission Research Corporation MRC/WDC-R-424 COMPARISON OF HELIX TWT SIMULATION USING 2-D PIC ( MAGIC ), 2-D MODAL (GATOR), AND 1-D MODAL (CHRISTINE...BRILLOUIN RUN 9 3.4 OUTLIER ELECTRON EFFECT IN GATOR 12 3.5 EMISSION CONDITION AND NONLAMINAR FLOW IN MAGIC 12 3.6 RADIAL SHEAR 13 SECTION 4. PPM B...Simulation using 2-D PIC ( MAGIC ), 2-D Modal (GATOR) and 1-D Modal (CHRISTINE) methods * D.N. Smithe(a), H. Freund(b), T. M. Antonsen Jr.,(b)’(c), E

Dopamine D3 and D2 Receptor Mechanisms in the Abuse-Related Behavioral Effects of Cocaine: Studies with Preferential Antagonists in Squirrel Monkeys

PubMed Central

Grundt, Peter; Cao, Jianjing; Platt, Donna M.; Newman, Amy Hauck; Spealman, Roger D.

2010-01-01

Dopamine (DA) D3 and D2 receptor mechanisms are implicated in cocaine's abuse-related behavioral effects, but the relative contribution of the two receptor subtypes is only partially characterized. This study investigated the role of D3 and D2 subtype mechanisms by determining the degree to which the D3-preferring antagonist PG01037 [N-{4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-piperazin- 1-yl]-trans-but-2-enyl}-4-pyridine-2-yl-benzamide HCl] and the D2-preferring antagonist L-741626 [3-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4- hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]methyl-1H-indole] attenuated several behavioral effects of cocaine in squirrel monkeys. Quantitative observational studies established doses of each antagonist that did not produce untoward effects, which were used in subsequent comparisons. In addition, the ability of the D3-preferring agonist PD128907 [(R-(+)-trans-3,4a,10b-tetrahydro-4-propyl-2H,5H-[1]benzopyrano[4,3-b]-1,4-oxazin-9-ol)] and the D2-preferring agonist sumanirole [(R)-5,6-dihydro-5-(methylamino)-4H- imidazo[4,5,1-ij]quinolin-2(1H)-one(Z)-2-butenedioate] to reproduce cocaine's discriminative stimulus (DS) and priming effects were compared. In monkeys trained to discriminate cocaine from vehicle, both DA antagonists attenuated and both DA agonists partially reproduced cocaine's DS effects. PG01037 also selectively attenuated the cocaine-like DS effects of PD128907, whereas L-741626 attenuated the cocaine-like DS effects of both agonists. In self-administration studies, L-741626 nonselectively reduced cocaine- and food-maintained responding, whereas PG01037 was ineffective against either reinforcer. In studies involving reinstatement of extinguished cocaine seeking, both antagonists attenuated cocaine-induced reinstatement of responding, and both agonists induced at least partial reinstatement of cocaine seeking. L-741626 also attenuated sumanirole-induced, but not PD128907-induced, reinstatement of responding, whereas PG01037 was ineffective against either DA agonist. The results are consistent with a role for D3 and D2 receptor mechanisms in cocaine's DS effects and cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug seeking, but provide no evidence for a major role of D3 receptors in the direct reinforcing effects of cocaine. PMID:20494958
Quantification of interplay and gradient effects for lung stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) treatments.

PubMed

Tyler, Madelaine K

2016-01-08

This study quantified the interplay and gradient effects on GTV dose coverage for 3D CRT, dMLC IMRT, and VMAT SABR treatments for target amplitudes of 5-30 mm using 3DVH v3.1 software incorporating 4D Respiratory MotionSim (4D RMS) module. For clinically relevant motion periods (5 s), the interplay effect was small, with deviations in the minimum dose covering the target volume (D99%) of less than ± 2.5% for target amplitudes up to 30 mm. Increasing the period to 60 s resulted in interplay effects of up to ± 15.0% on target D99% dose coverage. The gradient effect introduced by target motion resulted in deviations of up to ± 3.5% in D99% target dose coverage. VMAT treatments showed the largest deviation in dose metrics, which was attributed to the long delivery times in comparison to dMLC IMRT. Retrospective patient analysis indicated minimal interplay and gradient effects for patients treated with dMLC IMRT at the NCCI.
Synthesis of highly substituted 2,3-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-ones from 4,6-dichloro-5-formylpyrimidine, amines and aldehydes.

PubMed

Xiang, Jinbao; Geng, Chao; Yi, Lang; Dang, Qun; Bai, Xu

2011-11-01

A practical strategy was developed for the preparation of highly substituted 2,3-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-ones from 4,6-dichloro-5-formylpyrimidine, primary amines, and aldehydes. The key step for this synthesis entails a cyclization reaction involving an intramolecular amide addition to an iminium intermediate formed in situ from 4-amino-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide 2 and aldehydes to form the pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine core with a strategically placed 5-Cl group for further derivatization. The utility of this methodology was demonstrated through the preparation of a 27-membered library of representative 2,3-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-ones in moderate to good yields.
High myopia in Greater Beijing School Children in 2016.

PubMed

Guo, Yin; Duan, Jia Li; Liu, Li Juan; Sun, Ying; Tang, Ping; Lv, Yan Yun; Xu, Liang; Jonas, Jost B

2017-01-01

To assess prevalence and associated factors of myopia and high myopia in schoolchildren in Greater Beijing. The school-based, cross-sectional Greater Beijing School Children Myopia study was carried out in the year 2016 in 54 schools randomly selected from 15 districts in Beijing. Non-cycloplegic auto-refractometry of the right eyes was performed. The study included 35,745 (99.4%) out of 35,968 eligible pupils with a mean age of 12.6±3.4 years (range 6-18 years). Prevalence of myopia defined as myopic refractive error of ≥-0.50 diopters (D),≥-1D,≥-6D,≥-8D and ≥-10D was 70.9%(95% confidence intervals (CI):70.5,71.4), 60.9% (95%CI:60.4,61.4), 8.6%(95%CI:8.4,8.9), 2.2%(95%CI:2.0,2.4), and 0.3% (95%CI:0.3,0.4), respectively. The frequency of high myopia (≥-6D, ≥-8D, ≥-10D) increased from 1.5% (95%CI:1.0,2.0), 0.4% (95%CI:0.1,0.6) and 0.1% (95%CI:0.00,0.02), respectively in 10-year-olds to 19.4% (95%CI:17.3,21.6), 5.2% (95%CI:4.0,6.4) and 0.9% (95%CI:0.4,1.5), respectively, in 18-year-olds. Mean refractive error in the 18-year-olds was -3.74±2.56D (median:-3.63D;range:-19.6D to + 6.25D). Higher prevalence of high myopia (≥-6D and ≥-8D) was correlated (all P<0.001) with older age (OR:1.18, and 1.15, respectively), female gender (OR: 1.44 and 1.40, respectively), higher body mass index (OR: 1.02 and 1.03, respectively), taller body height (OR: 1.03 and 1.02, respectively), urban region of habitation (OR: 1.26 and 1.33, respectively) and higher school type (OR:1.57 and 2.22, respectively). Prevalence of severe high myopia (≥-10D) was associated only with older age (P<0.001; OR: 1.44; 95%CI: 1.31, 1.59) but not with any education-related parameter such as higher school type (P = 0.48), urban region of habitation (P = 0.07) or female gender (P = 0.37). In this most recent survey, prevalence of high myopia (≥-6D:19.4%;≥-8D:5.2%;≥-10D:0.9%) in 18-year-old school children was higher than in previous surveys from mainland China. In contrast to minor high myopia and moderate high myopia (defined as myopic refractive error of <-10D), severe high myopia (myopic refractive error ≥-10D) was not strongly correlated with educational parameters.
Evaluation of lung tumor motion management in radiation therapy with dynamic MRI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Seyoun; Farah, Rana; Shea, Steven M.; Tryggestad, Erik; Hales, Russell; Lee, Junghoon

2017-03-01

Surrogate-based tumor motion estimation and tracing methods are commonly used in radiotherapy despite the lack of continuous real time 3D tumor and surrogate data. In this study, we propose a method to simultaneously track the tumor and external surrogates with dynamic MRI, which allows us to evaluate their reproducible correlation. Four MRIcompatible fiducials are placed on the patient's chest and upper abdomen, and multi-slice 2D cine MRIs are acquired to capture the lung and whole tumor, followed by two-slice 2D cine MRIs to simultaneously track the tumor and fiducials, all in sagittal orientation. A phase-binned 4D-MRI is first reconstructed from multi-slice MR images using body area as a respiratory surrogate and group-wise registration. The 4D-MRI provides 3D template volumes for different breathing phases. 3D tumor position is calculated by 3D-2D template matching in which 3D tumor templates in 4D-MRI reconstruction and the 2D cine MRIs from the two-slice tracking dataset are registered. 3D trajectories of the external surrogates are derived via matching a 3D geometrical model to the fiducial segmentations on the 2D cine MRIs. We tested our method on five lung cancer patients. Internal target volume from 4D-CT showed average sensitivity of 86.5% compared to the actual tumor motion for 5 min. 3D tumor motion correlated with the external surrogate signal, but showed a noticeable phase mismatch. The 3D tumor trajectory showed significant cycle-to-cycle variation, while the external surrogate was not sensitive enough to capture such variations. Additionally, there was significant phase mismatch between surrogate signals obtained from fiducials at different locations.
SU-F-T-191: 4D Dose Reconstruction of Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT) Based On Breathing Probability Density Function (PDF) From 4D Cone Beam Projection Images: A Study for Lung Treatment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhou, J; Ding, X; Liang, J

2016-06-15

Purpose: With energy repainting in lung IMPT, the dose delivered is approximate to the convolution of dose in each phase with corresponding breathing PDF. This study is to compute breathing PDF weighted 4D dose in lung IMPT treatment and compare to its initial robust plan. Methods: Six lung patients were evaluated in this study. Amsterdam shroud image were generated from pre-treatment 4D cone-beam projections. Diaphragm motion curve was extract from the shroud image and the breathing PDF was generated. Each patient was planned to 60 Gy (12GyX5). In initial plans, ITV density on average CT was overridden with its maximummore » value for planning, using two IMPT beams with robust optimization (5mm uncertainty in patient position and 3.5% range uncertainty). The plan was applied to all 4D CT phases. The dose in each phase was deformed to a reference phase. 4D dose is reconstructed by summing all these doses based on corresponding weighting from the PDF. Plan parameters, including maximum dose (Dmax), ITV V100, homogeneity index (HI=D2/D98), R50 (50%IDL/ITV), and the lung-GTV’s V12.5 and V5 were compared between the reconstructed 4D dose to initial plans. Results: The Dmax is significantly less dose in the reconstructed 4D dose, 68.12±3.5Gy, vs. 70.1±4.3Gy in the initial plans (p=0.015). No significant difference is found for the ITV V100, HI, and R50, 92.2%±15.4% vs. 96.3%±2.5% (p=0.565), 1.033±0.016 vs. 1.038±0.017 (p=0.548), 19.2±12.1 vs. 18.1±11.6 (p=0.265), for the 4D dose and initial plans, respectively. The lung-GTV V12.5 and V5 are significantly high in the 4D dose, 13.9%±4.8% vs. 13.0%±4.6% (p=0.021) and 17.6%±5.4% vs. 16.9%±5.2% (p=0.011), respectively. Conclusion: 4D dose reconstruction based on phase PDF can be used to evaluate the dose received by the patient. A robust optimization based on the phase PDF may even further improve patient care.« less
[Studies on triterpenoid saponins in the rhizome of Anemone flaccida].

PubMed

Han, Lin-Tao; Huang, Fang

2009-07-01

To study the triterpenoid saponins in the rhizome of Anemone flaccida. The constituents were separated with various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by means of physicochemical properties and the analysis of their spectral datas. Five compounds were isolated and identified as 3-O-beta-D-glucuronypyranosyl-oleanolic acid-28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyra noside (1), 3-O-beta-D-glucuronypyranosyl-oleanolic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosy (1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-oleanolic acid-28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyrano-syl-oleanolic acid-28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 -->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-oleanolic acid-28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5). Compound 1 - 4 are isolated from this plant for the first time. Compound 1,2 are isolated from this genus for the first time.
Gene Encoding the Hydrolase for the Product of the meta-Cleavage Reaction in Testosterone Degradation by Comamonas testosteroni

PubMed Central

Horinouchi, Masae; Hayashi, Toshiaki; Koshino, Hiroyuki; Yamamoto, Takako; Kudo, Toshiaki

2003-01-01

In a previous study we isolated the meta-cleavage enzyme gene, tesB, that encodes an enzyme that carries out a meta-cleavage reaction in the breakdown of testosterone by Comamonas testeroni TA441 (M. Horinouchi et al., Microbiology 147:3367-3375, 2001). Here we report the isolation of a gene, tesD, that encodes a hydrolase which acts on the product of the meta-cleavage reaction. We isolated tesD by using a Tn5 mutant of TA441 that showed limited growth on testosterone. TesD exhibited ca. 40% identity in amino acid sequence with BphDs, known hydrolases of biphenyl degradation in Pseudomonas spp. The TesD-disrupted mutant showed limited growth on testosterone, and the culture shows an intense yellow color. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of the culture of TesD-disrupted mutant incubated with testosterone detected five major intermediate compounds, one of which, showing yellow color under neutral conditions, was considered to be the product of the meta-cleavage reaction. The methylation product was analyzed and identified as methyl-4,5-9,10-diseco-3-methoxy-5,9,17-trioxoandrosta-1(10),2-dien-4-oate, indicating that the substrate of TesD in testosterone degradation is 4,5-9,10-diseco-3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxoandrosta-1(10),2-dien-4-oic acid. 4,5-9,10-Diseco-3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxoandrosta-1(10),2-dien-4-oic acid was transformed by Escherichia coli-expressed TesD. Downstream of tesD, we identified tesE, F, and G, which encode for enzymes that degrade one of the products of 4,5-9,10-diseco-3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxoandrosta-1(10),2-dien-4-oic acid converted by TesD. PMID:12676694
New Thymoquinol Glycosides and Neuroprotective Dibenzocyclooctane Lignans from the Rattan Stems of Schisandra chinensis.

PubMed

Yang, Bing-You; Guo, Jiang-Tao; Li, Zu-Yi; Wang, Chang-Fu; Wang, Zhi-Bin; Wang, Qiu-Hong; Kuang, Hai-Xue

2016-09-01

Three new lignans (1 - 3), together with four new thymoquinol glycosides (4 - 7), were isolated from 70%-EtOH extract of the rattan stems of Schisandra chinensis. The structures of 1 - 7 were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses, and these new compounds were identified as pinobatol-9-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), 1,2,13,14-tetramethoxydibenzocyclooctadiene 3,12-O-β-d-diglucopyranoside (2), 3,7-dihydroxy-1,2,13,14-tetramethoxydibenzocyclooctadiene 12-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), thymoquinol 2-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), thymoquinol 2-O-α-d-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), thymoquinol 5-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), and thymoquinol 5-O-α-d-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (7). The neuroprotective activity of 1 - 7 was evaluated on PC12 cells with neurotoxicity induced by amyloid-beta 1 - 42 (Aβ 1 - 42 ). Compounds 2 and 3 showed protecting activity against Aβ-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. © 2016 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zürich.
Composition and production rate of pharmaceutical and chemical waste from Xanthi General Hospital in Greece

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Voudrias, Evangelos, E-mail: voudrias@env.duth.gr; Goudakou, Lambrini; Kermenidou, Marianthi

2012-07-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We studied pharmaceutical and chemical waste production in a Greek hospital. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Pharmaceutical waste comprised 3.9% w/w of total hazardous medical waste. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Unit production rate for total pharmaceutical waste was 12.4 {+-} 3.90 g/patient/d. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Chemical waste comprised 1.8% w/w of total hazardous medical waste. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Unit production rate for total chemical waste was 5.8 {+-} 2.2 g/patient/d. - Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the composition and production rates of pharmaceutical and chemical waste produced by Xanthi General Hospital in Greece (XGH). This information is important to design and cost management systems formore » pharmaceutical and chemical waste, for safety and health considerations and for assessing environmental impact. A total of 233 kg pharmaceutical and 110 kg chemical waste was collected, manually separated and weighed over a period of five working weeks. The total production of pharmaceutical waste comprised 3.9% w/w of the total hazardous medical waste produced by the hospital. Total pharmaceutical waste was classified in three categories, vial waste comprising 51.1%, syringe waste with 11.4% and intravenous therapy (IV) waste with 37.5% w/w of the total. Vial pharmaceutical waste only was further classified in six major categories: antibiotics, digestive system drugs, analgesics, hormones, circulatory system drugs and 'other'. Production data below are presented as average (standard deviation in parenthesis). The unit production rates for total pharmaceutical waste for the hospital were 12.4 (3.90) g/patient/d and 24.6 (7.48) g/bed/d. The respective unit production rates were: (1) for vial waste 6.4 (1.6) g/patient/d and 13 (2.6) g/bed/d, (2) for syringe waste 1.4 (0.4) g/patient/d and 2.8 (0.8) g/bed/d and (3) for IV waste 4.6 (3.0) g/patient/d and 9.2 (5.9) g/bed/d. Total chemical waste was classified in four categories, chemical reagents comprising 18.2%, solvents with 52.3%, dyes and tracers with 18.2% and solid waste with 11.4% w/w of the total. The total production of chemical waste comprised 1.8% w/w of the total hazardous medical waste produced by the hospital. Thus, the sum of pharmaceutical and chemical waste was 5.7% w/w of the total hazardous medical waste produced by the hospital. The unit production rates for total chemical waste for the hospital were 5.8 (2.2) g/patient/d and 1.1 (0.4) g/exam/d. The respective unit production rates were: (1) for reagents 1.7 (2.4) g/patient/d and 0.3 (0.4) g/examination/d, (2) for solvents 248 (127) g/patient/d and 192 (101) g/examination/d, (3) for dyes and tracers 4.7 (1.4) g/patient/d and 2.5 (0.9) g/examination/d and (4) for solid waste 54 (28) g/patient/d and 42 (22) g/examination/d.« less
System Synthesis for Polymorphous Computing Architectures

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-02-01

G H F Proc 5 : 4 : 3 11 1 Figure 3. Self-timed execution. D C B F G H E D B H EA CG F D C B F G H E D B H EA CG F AProc 1 Proc 2...first-iteration actors denoted by T. D B H E CG F D C B F G H E D B H EA CG F A 18 T T T T Proc 3 Proc 4 Proc 5 Proc 1 Proc 2 1 T⁄ T trmin30 ture-mirror...Phase1Algo( , ) = transientReduction( ) Output T G S′ S G T S′ S S′ Figure 11. Pseudocode to find
Jahn-Teller effects in transition-metal compounds with small charge-transfer energy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mizokawa, Takashi

2013-04-01

We have studied Jahn-Teller effects in Cs2Au2Br6, ACu3Co4O12(A=Ca or Y), and IrTe2 in which the ligand p-to-transition-metal d charge-transfer energy is small or negative. The Au+/Au3+ charge disproportionation of Cs2Au2Br6 manifests in Au 4f photoemission spectra. In Cs2Au2Br6 with negative Δ and intermediate U, the charge disproportionation can be described using effective d orbitals constructed from the Au 5d and Br 4p orbitals and is stabilized by the Jahn-Teller distortion of the Au3+ site with low-spin d8 configuration. In ACu3Co4O12, Δs for Cu3+ and Co4+ are negative and Us are very large. The Zhang-Rice picture is valid to describe the electronic state, and the valence change from Cu2+/Co4+ to Cu3+/Co3+ can be viewed as the O 2p hole transfer from Co to Cu or d9 + d6L → d9L + d6. In IrTe2, both Δ and U are small and the Ir 5d and Te 5p electrons are itinerant to form the multi-band Fermi surfaces. The ideas of band Jahn-Teller transition and Peierls transition are useful to describe the structural instabilities.
Aristolic Acid Derivatives from the Bark of Antidesma ghaesembilla.

PubMed

Schäfer, Sibylle; Schwaiger, Stefan; Stuppner, Hermann

2017-08-01

Antidesma ghaesembilla is an important medicinal and food plant in many Asian countries. Ten substances could be isolated from the dichloromethane and methanol extract: sitostenone ( 3 ), daucosterol ( 4 ), chavibetol ( 5 ), asperphenamate ( 6 ), protocatechuic acid ( 7 ), vanillic acid-4- O - β -D-glucoside ( 8 ), 1- O - β -D-glucopyranosyl-3- O -methyl-phloroglucinol ( 9 ), and aristolic acid II-8- O - β -D-glucoside ( 10 ), and two new aristolic acid derivatives, 10-amino-5,7-dimethoxy-aristolic acid II (= 6-amino-9,11-dimethoxyphenanthro[3,4- d ]-1,3-dioxole-5-carboxylic acid; 1 ) and 5,7-dimethoxy-aristolochic acid II (= 9,11-dimethoxy-6-nitrophenantro[3,4- d ]-1,3-dioxole-5-carboxylic acid; 2 ). Exposure to humans of some of these compounds is associated with a severe disease today known as aristolochic acid nephropathy. Therefore, the traditional usage of this plant has to be reconsidered carefully. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.
Structural diversity of four coordination polymers based on 5-nitro-1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3nbta): Solvothermal syntheses, structural characterizations and properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Chenjie; Wang, Zikai; Chen, Yifan; Zhang, Xiaoyu; Zhao, Yue; Tao, Yuehong; Wu, Hua

2017-09-01

Four 3D coordination compounds, named [Cd3(nbta)2(bix)2(H2O)2]·H2O (1), Zn3(nbta)2(biim)3 (2), Zn6(nbta)4(btd)5 (3) and [Co3(nbta)2(bid)(H2O)8]·4H2O (4) (bix=1,4-bis(imidazole-1-ylmethyl)benzene, biim=1,1‧-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(imidazole), btd=1,10-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)decane, bid=1,10-bis(imidazole-1-yl)decane), and H3nbta=5-nitro-1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid), have been synthesized by solvothermal methods and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction studies. In compound 1, every nbta3- anion connects four CdII ions to give a 2D layer, and the layers are pillared by bix ligands to generate a 3D framework with a Schläfli symbol of (3·4·63·7)(4·64·8)(43·63)(34·42·66·76·88·92). For compound 2, every nbta3- anion connects three ZnII ions to give a 2D layer structure, the 2D layers are further connected into a facinating 3D framework by biim ligands with (3,4)-connected (3·6·7)(3·5·62·7·8)(3·52·6·8·9)(5·6·8·10·112) topology. In compound 3, the nbta3- anions are connected by ZnII ions to generate a 2D layer, and the layers are bridged by btd ligands to build a fascinating 3D framework with (4·6·7·8·92)(4·6·8·92·10)(4·93·102)(4·6·8·9·102)(4·6·7·8·9·10)(4·6·7·8·102)(42·6·7·8·9) topology. In compound 4, the nbta3- aions are connected by CoII ions into a 2D layer, the 2D layers are linked by bid ligands to generate a 3D 103 topological framework. Furthermore, the IR spectra, TGA, PXRD, elemental analyses, the solid-state luminescence of compounds 1-3 have been studied.
Synthesis, characterization and properties of uridine 5'-( -D-apio-D-furanosyl pyrophosphate).

PubMed

Kindel, P K; Watson, R R

1973-06-01

1. A method was developed for synthesizing UDP-apiose [uridine 5'-(alpha-d-apio-d-furanosyl pyrophosphate)] from UDP-glucuronic acid [uridine 5'-(alpha-d-glucopyranosyluronic acid pyrophosphate)] in 62% yield with the enzyme UDP-glucuronic acid cyclase. 2. UDP-apiose had the same mobility as uridine 5'-(alpha-d-xylopyranosyl pyrophosphate) when chromatographed on paper and when subjected to paper electrophoresis at pH5.8. When [(3)H]UDP-[U-(14)C]glucuronic acid was used as the substrate for UDP-glucuronic acid cyclase, the (3)H/(14)C ratio in the reaction product was that expected if d-apiose remained attached to the uridine. In separate experiments doubly labelled reaction product was: (a) hydrolysed at pH2 and 100 degrees C for 15min; (b) degraded at pH8.0 and 100 degrees C for 3min; (c) used as a substrate in the enzymic synthesis of [(14)C]apiin. In each type of experiment the reaction products were isolated and identified and were found to be those expected if [(3)H]UDP-[U-(14)C]apiose was the starting compound. 3. Chemical characterization established that the product containing d-[U-(14)C]apiose and phosphate formed on alkaline degradation of UDP-[U-(14)C]apiose was alpha-d-[U-(14)C]apio-d-furanosyl 1:2-cyclic phosphate. 4. Chemical characterization also established that the product containing d-[U-(14)C]apiose and phosphate formed on acid hydrolysis of alpha-d-[U-(14)C]apio-d-furanosyl 1:2-cyclic phosphate was d-[U-(14)C]apiose 2-phosphate. 5. The half-life periods for the degradation of UDP-[U-(14)C]apiose to alpha-d-[U-(14)C]apio-d-furanosyl 1:2-cyclic phosphate and UMP at pH8.0 and 80 degrees C, at pH8.0 and 25 degrees C and at pH8.0 and 4 degrees C were 31.6s, 97.2min and 16.5h respectively. The half-life period for the hydrolysis of UDP-[U-(14)C]-apiose to d-[U-(14)C]apiose and UDP at pH3.0 and 40 degrees C was 4.67min. After 20 days at pH6.2-6.6 and 4 degrees C, 17% of the starting UDP-[U-(14)C]apiose was degraded to alpha-d-[U-(14)C]apio-d-furanosyl 1:2-cyclic phosphate and UMP and 23% was hydrolysed to d-[U-(14)C]apiose and UDP. After 120 days at pH6.4 and -20 degrees C 2% of the starting UDP-[U-(14)C]apiose was degraded and 4% was hydrolysed.
Synthesis, characterization and properties of uridine 5′-(α-d-apio-d-furanosyl pyrophosphate)

PubMed Central

Kindel, Paul K.; Watson, Ronald R.

1973-01-01

1. A method was developed for synthesizing UDP-apiose [uridine 5′-(α-d-apio-d-furanosyl pyrophosphate)] from UDP-glucuronic acid [uridine 5′-(α-d-glucopyranosyluronic acid pyrophosphate)] in 62% yield with the enzyme UDP-glucuronic acid cyclase. 2. UDP-apiose had the same mobility as uridine 5′-(α-d-xylopyranosyl pyrophosphate) when chromatographed on paper and when subjected to paper electrophoresis at pH5.8. When [3H]UDP-[U-14C]glucuronic acid was used as the substrate for UDP-glucuronic acid cyclase, the 3H/14C ratio in the reaction product was that expected if d-apiose remained attached to the uridine. In separate experiments doubly labelled reaction product was: (a) hydrolysed at pH2 and 100°C for 15min; (b) degraded at pH8.0 and 100°C for 3min; (c) used as a substrate in the enzymic synthesis of [14C]apiin. In each type of experiment the reaction products were isolated and identified and were found to be those expected if [3H]UDP-[U-14C]apiose was the starting compound. 3. Chemical characterization established that the product containing d-[U-14C]apiose and phosphate formed on alkaline degradation of UDP-[U-14C]apiose was α-d-[U-14C]apio-d-furanosyl 1:2-cyclic phosphate. 4. Chemical characterization also established that the product containing d-[U-14C]apiose and phosphate formed on acid hydrolysis of α-d-[U-14C]apio-d-furanosyl 1:2-cyclic phosphate was d-[U-14C]apiose 2-phosphate. 5. The half-life periods for the degradation of UDP-[U-14C]apiose to α-d-[U-14C]apio-d-furanosyl 1:2-cyclic phosphate and UMP at pH8.0 and 80°C, at pH8.0 and 25°C and at pH8.0 and 4°C were 31.6s, 97.2min and 16.5h respectively. The half-life period for the hydrolysis of UDP-[U-14C]-apiose to d-[U-14C]apiose and UDP at pH3.0 and 40°C was 4.67min. After 20 days at pH6.2–6.6 and 4°C, 17% of the starting UDP-[U-14C]apiose was degraded to α-d-[U-14C]apio-d-furanosyl 1:2-cyclic phosphate and UMP and 23% was hydrolysed to d-[U-14C]apiose and UDP. After 120 days at pH6.4 and −20°C 2% of the starting UDP-[U-14C]apiose was degraded and 4% was hydrolysed. PMID:4723773
Aircraft Hydraulic Systems Dynamic Analysis. Volume 8. Transient Thermal Analysis (HYTTHA). Computer Program Technical Description

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-02-01

8217P(V, .’f\\,, OCA A, 4 6), V"D(S4, 3LL) X , )lq , 5)\\8, 1( 5) , + ITP ,V0L.L,ACVI;’ D ’k-11AY VA[.IL11:3 + , ’AV./24,/, PLAC/25/,r~ f/26/ ,’A/27/, ITP /28...8217) DT(TFA2)=D( ITF) DT( rPN) =D( irF) DT(’TVF1)=D( ITF) iT(TrVF2) =D( I’rF) L1=L( 1) L2=L( 2) TF( Ll)D( ITP ) TF( L,2)=D( IT F) TC ( L1) =D( ITC) TC( L2)=D...34Gas Dynamics", McGraw Hill, 1958 7. Report GH20-0205-4 "System/360 Scientific Subroutine Package - Version III, Programmer’s Manual," IBM Corp., August
Biosynthesis of scopoletin and scopolin in cassava roots during post-harvest physiological deterioration: the E-Z-isomerisation stage.

PubMed

Bayoumi, Soad A L; Rowan, Michael G; Blagbrough, Ian S; Beeching, John R

2008-12-01

Two to three days after harvesting, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots suffer from post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD) when secondary metabolites are accumulated. Amongst these are hydroxycoumarins (e.g. scopoletin and its glucoside scopolin) which play roles in plant defence and have pharmacological activities. Some steps in the biosynthesis of these molecules are still unknown in cassava and in other plants. We exploit the accumulation of these coumarins during PPD to investigate the E-Z-isomerisation step in their biosynthesis. Feeding cubed cassava roots with E-cinnamic-3,2',3',4',5',6'-d(5) acid gave scopoletin-d(2). However, feeding with E-cinnamic-3,2',3',4',5',6'-d(6) and E-cinnamic-2,3,2',3',4',5',6'-d(7) acids, both gave scopoletin-d(3), the latter not affording the expected scopoletin-d(4). We therefore synthesised and fed with E-cinnamic-2-d(1) when unlabelled scopoletin was biosynthesised. Solely the hydrogen (or deuterium) at C2 of cinnamic acid is exchanged in the biosynthesis of hydroxycoumarins. If the mechanism of E-Z-cinnamic acid isomerisation were photochemical, we would not expect to see the loss of deuterium which we observed. Therefore, a possible mechanism is an enzyme catalysed 1,4-Michael addition, followed by sigma-bond rotation and hydrogen (or deuterium) elimination to yield the Z-isomer. Feeding the roots under light and dark conditions with E-cinnamic-2,3,2',3',4',5',6'-d(7) acid gave scopoletin-d(3) with no significant difference in the yields. We conclude that the E-Z-isomerisation stage in the biosynthesis of scopoletin and scopolin, in cassava roots during PPD, is not photochemical, but could be catalysed by an isomerase which is independent of light.
Analysis of the 3d(sup 6)4s((sup 6)D)4f-5g supermultiplet of Fe I in laboratory and solar infrared spectra

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johansson, S.; Nave, G.; Geller, M.; Sauval, A. J.; Grevesse, N.; Schoenfeld, W. G.; Change, E. S.; Farmer, C. B.

1994-01-01

The combined laboratory and solar analysis of the highly excited subconfigurations 3d(sup 6)4s((sup 6)D)4f and 3d(sup 6)4s((sup 6)D)5g of Fe I has allowed us to classify 87 lines of the 4f-5g supermultiplet in the spectral region 2545-2585 per cm. The level structure of these JK-coupled configurations is predicted by semiempirical calculations and the quardrupolic approximation. Semiempirical gf-values have been calculated and are compared to gf-values derived from the solar spectrum. The solar analysis has shown that these lines, which should be much less sensitive than lower excitation lines to departures from Local Thermal Equilibrium (LTE) and to temperature uncertanties, lead to a solar abundance of iron which is consistent with the meteoritic value (A(sub Fe) = 7.51).
Investigation of various N-heterocyclic substituted piperazine versions of 5/ 7-{[2-(4-Aryl-piperazin-1-yl)-ethyl]-propyl-amino}-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-ol: Effect on affinity and selectivity for dopamine D3 receptor

PubMed Central

Brown, Dennis A.; Mishra, Manoj; Zhang, Suhong; Biswas, Swati; Parrington, Ingrid; Antonio, Tamara; Reith, Maarten E. A.; Dutta, Aloke K.

2009-01-01

Here we report on the design and synthesis of several heterocyclic analogues belonging to the 5/ 7-{[2-(4-aryl-piperazin-1-yl)-ethyl]-propyl-amino}-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-ol series of molecules. Compounds were subjected to [3H]spiperone binding assays, carried out with HEK-293 cells expressing either D2 or D3 dopamine receptors, in order to evaluate their inhibition constant (Ki) at these receptors. Results indicate that N-substitution on the piperazine ring can accommodate various substituted indole rings. The results also show that in order to maintain high affinity and selectivity for the D3 receptor the heterocyclic ring does not need to be connected directly to the piperazine ring as the majority of compounds included here are linked either via an amide or a methylene linker to the heterocyclic moiety. The enantiomers of the most potent racemic compound 10e exhibited differential activity with (-)-10e (Ki; D2 = 47.5 nM, D3 = 0.57 nM) displaying higher affinity at both D2 and D3 receptors compared to its enantiomer (+)-10e (Ki; D2 = 113 nM, D3 = 3.73 nM). Additionally, compound (-)-10e was more potent and selective for the D3 receptor compared to either 7-OH-DPAT or 5-OH-DPAT. Among the bioisosteric derivatives, the indazole derivative 10g and benzo[b]thiophene derivative 10i exhibited the highest affinity for D2 and D3 receptors. In the functional GTPγS binding study, one of the lead molecules, (-)-15, exhibited potent agonist activity at both D2 and D3 receptors with preferential activity at D3. PMID:19427222

Condition Based Maintenance Technology Impacts Study for the Military Land Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-08-01

3a, 2g 3b,3m,3j,3e,3d,3f,3a,3c,3i 3c,3d,3h,3n 3d,3h 3e,3k,3i 3f,3h UNCLASSIFIED DSTO-RR-0404 UNCLASSIFIED 158 3g ,3c 3h,4b 3i,3m,3j,CBM...3e -> 3k 3i Egress of 2: 3n -> 3h 4b Egress of 2: 3k -> 3j 5c Egress of 2: 4d -> 3g 3c Egress of 1: 3a -> 2g Egress of 1: 1b -> 2g Egress...Ingress+Egress of 8: 2d 3b 3g 4d 4f -> 3c -> 3d 3h 3n Ingress+Egress of 7: 1b 2e 3a -> 2g -> 3b 2e 2c 2f Ingress+Egress of 7: 2a 2d 6b 6c -> 2b -> 3a
SU-F-T-571: Objective Assessment of 3D Dosimetry for Flattened and Flattened Filter Free Stereotactic Rotational Delivery Using 729-Array Detector with Octavius 4D Phantom

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vikraman, S; Arun, C; Jain, K Sandeep

2016-06-15

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of 3D dosimetry for flattened and flattened filter free stereotactic rotational delivery in high definition MLC using 729-detector array with Octavius 4D phantom Methods: Twenty rapid arc plans were assessed for this study. For each patient two plans for 6X and 6FFF photon beams were generated with same prescription and critical organ constraints in Eclipse TPS version 13.0 using high definition MLC. Verification plans were generated in scanned Octavius 4D phantom in TPS. 3D dose measurements were collected from 729-ion chamber detector array in Octavius 4D phantom using verisoftmore » software v 6.0. TPS calculated dose was compared with measured 3D dose in verisoft using the following gamma analysis parameters such as 3D volumetric, 3D planar and 2D global gamma in transverse, sagittal and coronal planes for 3mm/3% and 2mm/2% distance to agreement criteria.Passing rate and arithmetic mean of global gamma were analysed for 2D and 3D global gamma in all planes. Results: The average number of dose points passing rate for 2D global gamma with 3mm/3% criteria in transverse, sagittal and coronal planes was 99.06%±2.89%, 98.8%±0.88% and 99.06%±91%, respectively. For 2mm/2% criteria 97.86%±2.26%, 94.49± 2.64% and 94.34%±2.9% was observed. In 3D planar global gamma with 3mm/3% was 99.53%±0.49%, 98.93%±1.03% and 99.29%±1.29%, for 2mm 2% criteria was 97.50%±2.24%, 94.5%±2.5% and 95.38%±4.5%. The maximum arithmetic mean gamma deviation of 0.505%±0.13% was observed in coronal plane for 2D global gamma with 2mm/2% criteria. The 3D volumetric gamma passing rate was observed as 99.61%±0.433% for 3mm /3% and 95.91%±2.51% for 2mm/2%. Conclusion: The objective assessment of 3D dosimetry have demonstrated that the rotational delivery accuracy for flattened and flattened filter free stereotactic plans can be verified by using Octavius system comprising with 729 ion chamber array and Octavius 4D phantom.« less
[Evaluation of strategies aimed at reducing the level of noise in different areas of neonatal care in a tertiary hospital].

PubMed

Nieto-Sanjuanero, Adriana; Quero-Jiménez, José; Cantú-Moreno, Daniel; Rodríguez-Balderrama, Isaías; Montes-Tapia, Fernando; Rubio-Pérez, Nadina; Treviño-Garza, Consuelo; de la O-Cavazos, Manuel

2015-01-01

To determine the noise levels of different areas responsible for newborn care, develop intervention strategies to decrease the noise, and evaluate its effectiveness. Prospective, observational and longitudinal study carried out using a sonometer, measuring sound levels for three weeks in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), neonatal intermediate care unit (UCIREN), delivery (TOCO QX) and nursery (CUNERO) units. We implemented an intervention program and subsequent measurements were performed under the same initial conditions. When comparing the decibel levels in different areas during the three weeks, pre- and post-intervention, we found at the neonatal intensive care unit 59.9±4.8 vs. 56.4±4.7 dB (p<0.001), neonatal intermediate care unit 55.3±3.9 vs. 51.3±4.4 dB (p<0.001), delivery unit 57.3±4.6 vs. 57.3±5.5 dB (NS), and nursery unit 57.6±5.8 vs. 53.9±5.8 dB (p<0.001). There was a significant reduction in noise levels of 3.5 dB at the NICU, 4 dB at UCIREN and 3.7 dB at TOCO QX, so the intervention program was effective in these areas; however, the decibel levels registered continue above those recommended by international standards.
Evaluation of the accuracy of extraoral laboratory scanners with a single-tooth abutment model: A 3D analysis.

PubMed

Mandelli, Federico; Gherlone, Enrico; Gastaldi, Giorgio; Ferrari, Marco

2017-10-01

The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of different laboratory scanners using a calibrated coordinate measuring machine as reference. A sand blasted titanium reference model (RM) was scanned with an industrial 3D scanner in order to obtain a reference digital model (dRM) that was saved in the standard tessellation format (.stl). RM was scanned ten times with each one of the tested scanners (GC Europe Aadva, Zfx Evolution, 3Shape D640, 3Shape D700, NobilMetal Sinergia, EGS DScan3, Open Technologies Concept Scan Top) and all the scans were exported in .stl format for the comparison. All files were imported in a dedicated software (Geomagic Qualify 2013). Accuracy was evaluated calculating trueness and precision. Trueness values (μm [95% confidence interval]) were: Aadva 7,7 [6,8-8,5]; Zfx Evolution 9,2 [8,6-9,8]; D640 18,1 [12,2-24,0]; D700 12,8 [12,4-13,3]; Sinergia 31,1 [26,3-35,9]; DScan3 15,6 [11,5-19,7]; Concept Scan Top 28,6 [25,6-31,6]. Differences between scanners were statistically significant (p<.0005). Precision values (μm [95% CI]) were: Aadva 4,0 [3,8-4,2]; Zfx Evolution 5,1 [4,4-5,9]; D640 12,7 [12,4-13,1]; D700 11,0 [10,7-11,3]; Sinergia 16,3 [15,0-17,5]; DScan3 9,5 [8,3-10,6]; Concept Scan Top 19,5 [19,1-19,8]. Differences between scanners were statistically significant (p<.0005). The use a standardized scanning procedure fabricating a titanium reference model is useful to compare trueness and precision of different laboratory scanners; two laboratory scanners (Aadva, Zfx Evolution) were significantly better that other tested scanners. Copyright © 2016 Japan Prosthodontic Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Assembly and property research on seven 0D-3D complexes derived from imidazole dicarboxylate and 1,2-bi(pyridin-4-yl)ethene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mu, Bao; Li, Qian; Lv, Lei; Yang, Dan-Dan; Wang, Qing; Huang, Ru-Dan

2015-03-01

The hydrothermal reaction of transition metals, 1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (H3ImDC) and 1,2-bi(pyridin-4-yl)ethene (bpe) affords a series of new complexes, namely, [Mn(HImDC)(bpe)(H2O)] (1), [M(H2ImDC)2(H2O)2]·(bpe) (M=Fe(2), Co(3), Zn(4), Cd(6)), [Zn3(ImDC)2(bpe)(H2O)]·3H2O (5) and [Cd(H2ImDC)(bpe)] (7), which are characterized by elemental analyses, IR, TG, XRPD and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 exhibits a one dimensional (1D) zigzag chain with two types of irregular rings, and the 1D chains are linked to form a three dimensional (3D) supramolecular framework by the hydrogen bonding interactions (O-H•••O and O-H•••N). Complexes 2-4 and 6 are isomorphous, and they display the mononuclear structures. In these complexes, the O-H•••O and O-H•••N hydrogen bonds play an important role in sustaining the whole 3D supramolecular frameworks. Complex 5 shows a (3,3)-connected 3D framework with (103) topology, and the lattice water molecules as guest molecules exist in the 3D framework. Complex 7 is a wave-like two dimensional (2D) structure, in which the adjacent 1D chains point at the opposite directions. Moreover, the fluorescent properties of complexes 1-7 and the magnetic property of 1 have been investigated. The water vapor adsorption for complex 5 has been researched at 298 K.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Yingjie, E-mail: yzx@ansto.gov.au; Bhadbhade, Mohan; Karatchevtseva, Inna

Three new coordination polymers of uranium(VI) with pyromellitic acid (H{sub 4}btca) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. (ED)[(UO{sub 2})(btca)]·(DMSO)·3H{sub 2}O (1) (ED=ethylenediammonium; DMSO=dimethylsulfoxide) has a lamellar structure with intercalation of ED and DMSO. (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}[(UO{sub 2}){sub 6}O{sub 2}(OH){sub 6}(btca)]·~6H{sub 2}O (2) has a 3D framework built from 7-fold coordinated uranyl trinuclear units and btca ligands with 1D diamond-shaped channels (~8.5 Å×~8.6 Å). [(UO{sub 2}){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O)(btca)]·4H{sub 2}O (3) has a 3D network constructed by two types of 7-fold coordinated uranium polyhedron. The unique μ{sub 5}-coordination mode of btca in 3 enables the formation of 1D olive-shaped large channels (~4.5more » Å×~19 Å). Vibrational modes, thermal stabilities and fluorescence properties have been investigated. - Graphical abstract: Table of content: three new uranium(VI) coordination polymers with pyromellitic acid (H{sub 4}btca) have been synthesized via room temperature and hydrothermal synthesis methods, and structurally characterized. Two to three dimensional (3D) frameworks are revealed. All 3D frameworks have unique 1D large channels. Their vibrational modes, thermal stabilities and photoluminescence properties have been investigated. - Highlights: • Three new coordination polymers of U(VI) with pyromellitic acid (H{sub 4}btca). • Structures from a 2D layer to 3D frameworks with unique 1D channels. • Unusual µ{sub 5}-(η{sub 1}:η{sub 2}:η{sub 1}:η{sub 2:}η{sub 1}) coordination mode of btca ligand. • Vibrational modes, thermal stabilities and luminescent properties reported.« less
Chlorogenic acid biosynthesis: characterization of a light-induced microsomal 5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate/shikimate 3'-hydroxylase from carrot (Daucus carota L. ) cell suspension cultures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kuehnl, T.K.; Koch, U.; Heller, W.

Microsomal preparations from carrot (Daucus carota L.) cell suspension cultures catalyze the formation of trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinate (chlorogenate) from trans-5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate. trans-5-O-(4-Coumaroyl)shikimate is converted to about the same extent to trans-5-O-caffeoylshikimate. trans-4-O-(4-Coumaroyl)-D-quinate, trans-3-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate, trans-4-coumarate, and cis-5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate do not act as substrates. The reaction is strictly dependent on molecular oxygen and on NADPH as reducing cofactor. NADH and ascorbic acid cannot substitute for NADPH. Cytochrome c, Tetcyclacis, and carbon monoxide inhibit the reaction suggesting a cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function monooxygenase. Competition experiments as well as induction and inhibition phenomena indicate that there is only one enzyme species which is responsible for the hydroxylation of themore » 5-O-(4-coumaric) esters of both D-quinate and shikimate. The activity of this enzyme is greatly increased by in vivo irradiation of the cells with blue/uv light. We conclude that the biosynthesis of the predominant caffeic acid conjugates in carrot cells occurs via the corresponding 4-coumaric acid esters. Thus, in this system, 5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate can be seen as the final intermediate in the chlorogenic acid pathway.« less
Spectral irradiance of singly and doubly ionized zinc in low-intensity laser-plasma ultraviolet light sources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Szilagyi, John; Parchamy, Homaira; Masnavi, Majid; Richardson, Martin

2017-01-01

The absolute spectral irradiances of laser-plasmas produced from planar zinc targets are determined over a wavelength region of 150 to 250 nm. Strong spectral radiation is generated using 60 ns full-width-at-half-maximum, 1.0 μm wavelength laser pulses with incident laser intensities as low as ˜5 × 108 W cm-2. A typical radiation conversion efficiency of ˜2%/2πsr is measured. Numerical calculations using a comprehensive radiation-hydrodynamics model reveal the strong experimental spectra to originate mainly from 3d94s4p-3d94s2, 3d94s4d-3d94s4p, and 3d94p-3d94s, 3d94d-3d94p unresolved-transition arrays in singly and doubly ionized zinc, respectively.
Antagonists of substance P. Further modifications of substance P antagonists obtained by replacing either positions 7, 9 or 7, 8 and 11 of SP with D-amino acid residues.

PubMed

Dutta, A S; Gormley, J J; Graham, A S; Briggs, I; Growcott, J W; Jamieson, A

1986-07-01

Antagonists of SP and the C-terminal (6-11)-hexapeptide have been obtained by multiple D-amino acid substitutions in various positions of SP and by protecting the N alpha-Arg1 and N epsilon Lys3 amino groups with benzyloxycarbonyl groups. On the guinea pig ileum a number of these antagonized both SP and the hexapeptide. Except [N alpha-Z-Arg1,D-Pro2,N epsilon-Z-Lys3,Asn5,Arg6,D-Phe7,D-Trp9]-SP-OMe (4) and the corresponding amide 7, which were more potent antagonists of SP than the hexapeptide, all the others, e.g., [N alpha-Z-Arg1,D-Pro2,4,N epsilon-Z-Lys3,D-Phe7,8,Sar9,D-Met11]-SP-OMe (9), [N alpha-Z-Arg1,D-Pro2,4,N epsilon-Z-Lys3,D-Phe7,8,Sar9,MeLeu10,D-Met11]-SP -OMe (11), were more potent antagonists of the hexapeptide. On the rat spinal cord preparation, most of the antagonists were only active against the hexapeptide. A few antagonized SP, but these also reduced carbachol or both carbachol and glutamate responses. Two of the antagonists, [D-Pro2,Asn5,Lys6,D-Phe7,D-Trp9]-SP-OMe (2) and [Boc-D-Pro4,D-Phe7,8,Sar9,D-Met11]-SP(4-11)-OMe (10), were inactive on the ileum but still antagonized the hexapeptide on the spinal cord. The smallest peptides to antagonize SP and the hexapeptide were two heptapeptides, 6 and 21, [Z-Asn5,Arg6,D-Phe7,8,Gly9 psi (CH2S)D-Leu10,D-Met11]-SP(5-11)-OMe (21) being more potent than 6. None of the antagonists showed significant analgesic activity without side effects. Some of the antagonists were shown to release histamine from isolated rat peritoneal cells.
Synthesis of new 1,2,4-triazole compounds containing Schiff and Mannich bases (morpholine) with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

PubMed

Ünver, Yasemin; Deniz, Sadik; Çelik, Fatih; Akar, Zeynep; Küçük, Murat; Sancak, Kemal

2016-01-01

Compound 2 was synthesized by reacting CS 2 /KOH with compound 1. The treatment of compound 2 with hydrazine hydrate produced compound 3. Then, compound 3 was converted to Schiff bases (4a-d) by the handling with several aromatic aldehydes. The treatment of triazole compounds 4a-d containing Schiff base with morpholine gave compounds 5a-d. All compounds were tested for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The antioxidant test results of DPPH• radical scavenging and ferric reducing/antioxidant power methods showed good antioxidant activity. The triazole-thiol (3) was the most active, and the effect of the substituent type of the thiophene ring on the activity was same for both Schiff bases (4a-d) and Mannich bases (5a-d). Among the newly synthesized triazole derivatives, the Schiff base 4d and the Mannich base 5d carrying nitro substituent on the thiophene ring showed promising antibacterial and antifungal activity, with lower MIC values than the standard antibacterial ampicillin.
Single-Crystal Bismuth Iodide Gamma-Ray Spectrometers

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-02-01

the density of the crystal (g/cm\\ M is the molecular weight of the vapor (g/mole), and R is the gas constant (cai/(K·mole)). Equation (6) indicates...along the vertical axis with a fixed rate. This simulated the downward movement of the ampoule in the conventional vertical Bridgman method. The...3cl512 1.03 4512 4.6 961 Pd Pd3d 336.5 Pd 3d512 1.03 6796 4.6 1477 Pdb N3d 340.3 Pd 3d3J2 1.03 2978 4.6 647 Pd Pd3d 341.7 Pd 3d3J2 1.03 4486 4.6 975
Mutagenic assessment of Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles exposed to the 2,4-D herbicide in a simulated realistic scenario.

PubMed

Mesak, Carlos; de Oliveira Mendes, Bruna; de Oliveira Ferreira, Raíssa; Malafaia, Guilherme

2018-05-01

The aim of the current study is to assess possible erythrocyte mutagenic effects on Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles exposed to water contaminated with 2,4-D. In order to do so, tadpoles were exposed to a predictive and environmentally relevant herbicide concentration (1.97 mg/L), which is likely to be found in lentic environments formed by superficial water runoffs in pasture areas where the herbicide was applied. The micronucleus test, as well as tests for other nuclear abnormalities, was conducted after 3, 5, and 9 days of exposure (d.e.). Changes in the biomass and mouth-cloaca length or interference in the larval development of the animals (in the three evaluated times) were not recorded. However, tadpoles exposed to 2,4-D showed the highest total number of nuclear abnormalities, as well as the highest frequency of binucleated erythrocytes and kidney-shaped nuclei (shortly after 3 d.e.). The micronucleus frequency was also higher in animals exposed to 2,4-D (in the 3rd, 5th, and 9th d.e.), as well as the frequency of binucleated cells (3rd, 5th, and 9th d.e.) presenting notched (9th d.e.) and blebbled (9th d.e.) nuclei in comparison to those of the control, after 5 and 9 days of exposure. Therefore, the current study is a pioneer in showing that 2,4-D has a mutagenic effect on L. catesbeianus tadpoles, even at low concentrations (environmentally relevant) and for a short period of time, a fact that may lead to direct losses in anuran populations living in areas adjacent to those subjected to 2,4-D herbicide application.
EXTENDED ANALYSIS OF THE SPECTRUM OF SINGLY IONIZED CHROMIUM (Cr II)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sansonetti, Craig J.; Nave, Gillian

2014-08-01

We have made new observations of the spectrum of singly ionized chromium (Cr II) in the region 2850-37900 Å with the National Institute of Standards and Technology 2 m Fourier transform spectrometer. These data extend our previously reported observations in the near-ultra-violet region. We present a comprehensive list of more than 5300 Cr II lines classified as transitions among 456 even and 457 odd levels, 179 of which are newly located in this work. Using highly excited levels of the 3d {sup 4}({sup 5} D)5g, 3d {sup 4}({sup 5} D)6g, and 3d {sup 4}({sup 5}D)6h configurations, we derive an improvedmore » ionization energy of 132971.02 ± 0.12 cm{sup –1} (16.486305 ± 0.000015 eV)« less
[Determination of vitamins D2, vitamin D3 in cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography].

PubMed

Zhu, Ying; Yang, Yan-Wei; Wang, Xin

2005-09-01

A high performance liquid chromatography method was used to detect vitamins D2 and vitamin D3, which is useful to know the use of vitamins D2 and vitamin D3 in cosmetics, prohibit the influx of cosmetics containing vitamins D2 and vitamin D3 to cosmetic market, safeguard the health of consumers. A high performance liquid chromatography method was established for determination of vitamins D2 and vitamin D3 in cosmetics. The separation condition was optimized by trying different type of columns and mobile phases. The experiment goes on a Alltima C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm I. D., 5 microm)using methanol-acetonitrile (90: 10) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, with the column temperature 25 degrees C and detection wave 265nm. The liner range is from 0.5 mg/L to 100 mg/L with good relationship. The detection limit of vitamin D2 is 0. 12 mg/L, the precision is less than 3.8% and recovery varies from 94.2% to 101.4%, while the detection limit of vitamin D3 is 0.06 mg/L, the precision is less than 3.5% and recovery varies from 91.6% to 97.2%. The method is simple, precise and accurate, which is suitable for the determination of vitamins D2 and vitamin D3 in cosmetics.
Synthesis of methyl 2-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D-talopyranoside and methyl 2-O-alpha-D-talopyranosyl-alpha-D-talopyranoside.

PubMed

Jain, R K; Dubey, R; Abbas, S A; Matta, K L

1987-03-15

Treatment of methyl 3-O-benzyl-2-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-D- mannopyranoside (1) with tert-butyldiphenylsilyl chloride in N,N-dimethylformamide afforded methyl 3-O-benzyl-6-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl -alpha-D- mannopyranosyl)-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (2). Oxidation of 2 with pyridinium chlorochromate, followed by reduction of the carbonyl group, and subsequent O-deacetylation afforded methyl 3-O-benzyl-6-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl- alpha-D- talopyranoside (5). Cleavage of the tert-butyldiphenylsilyl group of 5 with tetrabutylammonium fluoride in oxolane, followed by hydrogenolysis, gave methyl 2-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D-talopyranoside (7). O-Deacetylation of 1 gave methyl 3-O-benzyl-2-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (8). Treatment of 8 with tert-butyldiphenylsilyl chloride afforded a 6,6'-disilyl derivative, which was converted into a 2',3'-O-isopropylidene derivative, and then further oxidized with pyridinium chlorochromate. The resulting diketone was reduced and removal of the protecting groups gave methyl 2-O-alpha-D-talopyranosyl-alpha-D-talopyranoside (15). The structures of both 7 and 15 were established by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy.
Increasing dietary EPA and DHA influence estimated fatty acid desaturase activity in systemic organs which is reflected in the red blood cell in mice.

PubMed

Davidson, Emily A; Pickens, C Austin; Fenton, Jenifer I

2018-03-01

Delta-5 (D5D) and delta-6 (D6D) desaturase are key enzymes in fatty acid (FA) metabolism. Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may alter tissue FA composition via D5D and D6D. The purpose was to determine the relationship between dietary EPA + DHA, estimated desaturase activities of various tissues and the reflection of desaturase activity in the red blood cell (RBC). Mice were fed diets with increasing percent of energy from EPA + DHA. Phospholipid FA composition of heart, muscle, spleen, lung, adipose tissues and RBC were analysed. D5D and D6D enzyme activity estimates (EAE) were calculated as the ratio of 20:4/20:3 and 20:3/18:2, respectively. D5D EAE decreased in all tissues, except muscle, with increasing dietary EPA + DHA. RBC D5D EAE positively correlated with D5D EAE in all tissues. RBC D6D EAE positively correlated with muscle and inversely correlated with adipose D6D EAE. Our findings suggest differential influence of dietary EPA + DHA upon tissue desaturase activities.
Intraperitoneal Administration of Ethanol as a Means of Euthanasia for Neonatal Mice (Mus musculus)

PubMed Central

Dyer, Cecilia de Souza; Brice, Angela K; Marx, James O

2017-01-01

The humane euthanasia of animals in research is of paramount importance. Neonatal mice frequently respond differently to euthanasia agents when compared with adults. The AVMA's Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals includes intraperitoneal injection of ethanol as “acceptable with conditions,” and recent work confirmed that this method is appropriate for euthanizing adult mice, but neonatal mice have not been tested. To explore this method in neonatal mice, mouse pups (C57BL/6 and CD1, 162 total) were injected with 100% ethanol, a pentobarbital–phenytoin combination, or saline at 7, 14, 21, 28, or 35 d of age. Electrocardiograms, respiratory rates, and times to loss of righting reflex and death were recorded. Time to death (TTD) differed significantly between ethanol and pentobarbital–phenytoin at 7, 14, and 21 d and between ethanol groups at 7, 14, and 21 d compared with 35 d. The average TTD (± 1 SD) for ethanol-injected mice were: 7 d, 70.3 ± 39.8 min; 14 d, 51.7 ± 30.5 min; 21 d, 32.3 ± 20.8 min, 28 d, 14.0 ± 15.2; and 35 d, 4.9 ± 1.4. Mean TTD in pentobarbital–phenytoin-injected mice were: 7 d, 2.8 ± 0.4 min; 14 d, 2.9 ± 0.5 min; 21 d, 3.9 ± 1.2 min; 28 d, 3.9 ± 0.7 min; and 35 d, 4.4 ± 0.5. Although TTD did not differ between ethanol and pentobarbital–phenytoin at 28 d of age, the TTD in 3 of 12 mice was longer than 15 min after ethanol administration at this age. Therefore, ethanol should not be used as a method of euthanasia for mice younger than 35 d, because the criteria for humane euthanasia were met only in mice 35 d or older. PMID:28535865
Intraperitoneal Administration of Ethanol as a Means of Euthanasia for Neonatal Mice (Mus musculus).

PubMed

de Souza Dyer, Cecilia; Brice, Angela K; Marx, James O

2017-05-01

The humane euthanasia of animals in research is of paramount importance. Neonatal mice frequently respond differently to euthanasia agents when compared with adults. The AVMA's Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals includes intraperitoneal injection of ethanol as "acceptable with conditions," and recent work confirmed that this method is appropriate for euthanizing adult mice, but neonatal mice have not been tested. To explore this method in neonatal mice, mouse pups (C57BL/6 and CD1, 162 total) were injected with 100% ethanol, a pentobarbital-phenytoin combination, or saline at 7, 14, 21, 28, or 35 d of age. Electrocardiograms, respiratory rates, and times to loss of righting reflex and death were recorded. Time to death (TTD) differed significantly between ethanol and pentobarbital-phenytoin at 7, 14, and 21 d and between ethanol groups at 7, 14, and 21 d compared with 35 d. The average TTD (± 1 SD) for ethanol-injected mice were: 7 d, 70.3 ± 39.8 min; 14 d, 51.7 ± 30.5 min; 21 d, 32.3 ± 20.8 min, 28 d, 14.0 ± 15.2; and 35 d, 4.9 ± 1.4. Mean TTD in pentobarbital-phenytoin-injected mice were: 7 d, 2.8 ± 0.4 min; 14 d, 2.9 ± 0.5 min; 21 d, 3.9 ± 1.2 min; 28 d, 3.9 ± 0.7 min; and 35 d, 4.4 ± 0.5. Although TTD did not differ between ethanol and pentobarbital-phenytoin at 28 d of age, the TTD in 3 of 12 mice was longer than 15 min after ethanol administration at this age. Therefore, ethanol should not be used as a method of euthanasia for mice younger than 35 d, because the criteria for humane euthanasia were met only in mice 35 d or older.
Atomic data on inelastic processes in low-energy manganese-hydrogen collisions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belyaev, Andrey K.; Voronov, Yaroslav V.

2017-10-01

Aims: The aim of this paper is to calculate cross sections and rate coefficients for inelastic processes in low-energy Mn + H and Mn+ + H- collisions, especially, for processes with high and moderate rate coefficients. These processes are required for non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) modeling of manganese spectra in cool stellar atmospheres, and in particular, for metal-poor stars. Methods: The calculations of the cross sections and the rate coefficients were performed by means of the quantum model approach within the framework of the Born-Oppenheimer formalism, that is, the asymptotic semi-empirical method for the electronic MnH molecular structure calculation followed by the nonadiabatic nuclear dynamical calculation by means of the multichannel analytic formulas. Results: The cross sections and the rate coefficients for low-energy inelastic processes in manganese-hydrogen collisions are calculated for all transitions between 21 low-lying covalent states and one ionic state. We show that the highest values of the cross sections and the rate coefficients correspond to the mutual neutralization processes into the final atomic states Mn(3d54s(7S)5s e 6S), Mn(3d54s(7S)5p y 8P°), Mn(3d54s(7S)5s e 8S), Mn(3d54s(7S)4d e 8D) [the first group], the processes with the rate coefficients (at temperature T = 6000 K) of the values 4.38 × 10-8, 2.72 × 10-8, 1.98 × 10-8, and 1.59 × 10-8 cm3/ s, respectively, that is, with the rate coefficients exceeding 10-8 cm3/ s. The processes with moderate rate coefficients, that is, with values between 10-10 and 10-8 cm3/ s include many excitation, de-excitation, mutual neutralization and ion-pair formation processes. In addition to other processes involving the atomic states from the first group, the processes from the second group include those involving the following atomic states: Mn(3d5(6S)4s4p (1P°) y 6P°), Mn(3d54s(7S)4d e 6D), Mn(3d54s(7S)5p w 6P°), Mn(3d5(4P)4s4p (3P°) y 6D°), Mn(3d5(4G)4s4p (3P°) y 6F°). The processes with the highest and moderate rate coefficients are expected to be important for non-LTE modeling of manganese spectra in stellar atmospheres. Rate coefficients Kif(T) for the excitation, de-excitation, mutual neutralization, and ion-pair formation processes in manganese-hydrogen collisions are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (http://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/606/A106
A Dual-Layer Transducer Array for 3-D Rectilinear Imaging

PubMed Central

Yen, Jesse T.; Seo, Chi Hyung; Awad, Samer I.; Jeong, Jong S.

2010-01-01

2-D arrays for 3-D rectilinear imaging require very large element counts (16,000–65,000). The difficulties in fabricating and interconnecting 2-D arrays with a large number of elements (>5,000) have limited the development of suitable transducers for 3-D rectilinear imaging. In this paper, we propose an alternative solution to this problem by using a dual-layer transducer array design. This design consists of two perpendicular 1-D arrays for clinical 3-D imaging of targets near the transducer. These targets include the breast, carotid artery, and musculoskeletal system. This transducer design reduces the fabrication complexity and the channel count making 3-D rectilinear imaging more realizable. With this design, an effective N × N 2-D array can be developed using only N transmitters and N receivers. This benefit becomes very significant when N becomes greater than 128, for example. To demonstrate feasibility, we constructed a 4 × 4 cm prototype dual-layer array. The transmit array uses diced PZT-5H elements, and the receive array is a single sheet of undiced P[VDF-TrFE] copolymer. The receive elements are defined by the copper traces on the flexible interconnect circuit. The measured −6 dB fractional bandwidth was 80% with a center frequency of 4.8 MHz. At 5 MHz, the nearest neighbor crosstalk of the PZT array and PVDF array was −30.4 ± 3.1 dB and −28.8 ± 3.7 dB respectively. This dual-layer transducer was interfaced with an Ultrasonix Sonix RP system, and a synthetic aperture 3-D data set was acquired. We then performed off-line 3-D beamforming to obtain volumes of nylon wire targets. The theoretical lateral beamwidth was 0.52 mm compared to measured beamwidths of 0.65 mm and 0.67 mm in azimuth and elevation respectively. 3-D images of an 8 mm diameter anechoic cyst phantom were also acquired. PMID:19213647

2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-Glucoside Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Brain Injury in Rats by Promoting Angiogenesis.

PubMed

Mu, Ying; Xu, Zhaohui; Zhou, Xuanxuan; Zhang, Huinan; Yang, Qian; Zhang, Yunlong; Xie, Yanhua; Kang, Juan; Li, Feng; Wang, Siwang

2017-05-01

Cerebral ischemia can cause brain infarcts, which are difficult to recover due to poor angiogenesis. 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O- β -D-glucoside is a natural polyphenol, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, and can protect from ischemic neuronal injury. However, little is known about the effect of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O- β -D-glucoside on brain microcirculation after stroke. This study aimed at investigating the influence of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O- β -D-glucoside on brain lesions and angiogenesis after stroke. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion and treated with vehicle, nimodipine, or different doses of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O- β -D-glucoside daily beginning at 6 h post-middle cerebral artery occlusion for 14 days. The volume of cerebral infarcts, degree of neurological dysfunction, and level of microvessel density were determined longitudinally. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin 1, and angiopoietin receptor-2 expression in the brain lesions were characterized by immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays at 14 days post-middle cerebral artery occlusion. We found that 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O- β -D-glucoside significantly promoted postoperative recovery in rats by minimizing the volume of cerebral infarcts and improving neurological dysfunction in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O- β -D-glucoside significantly increased the microvessel density in the brain and upregulated CD31 expression in ischemic penumbra, relative to that in the control. Finally, treatment with 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O- β -D-glucoside significantly upregulated the relative levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin 1, and angiopoietin receptor-2 expression in the brain lesions of rats. Therefore, these data indicated that 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O- β -D-glucoside treatment promoted angiogenesis and recovery from ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury in rats. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.
Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds: Part 28. Syntheses, structural characterizations, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, and DNA interactions of new phosphazenes bearing vanillinato and pendant ferrocenyl groups

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tümer, Yasemin; Asmafiliz, Nuran; Kılıç, Zeynel; Hökelek, Tuncer; Yasemin Koç, L.; Açık, Leyla; Yola, Mehmet Lütfi; Solak, Ali Osman; Öner, Yağmur; Dündar, Devrim; Yavuz, Makbule

2013-10-01

The gradually Cl replacement reactions of spirocyclic mono (1 and 2) and bisferrocenyl cyclotriphosphazenes (3-5) with the potassium salt of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (potassium vanillinate) gave mono (1a-5a), geminal (gem-1b-5b), non-geminal (cis-1b, cis-5b and trans-2b-5b), tri (1c-5c) and tetra-substituted phosphazenes (1d-5d). Some phosphazenes have stereogenic P-center(s). The chirality of 4c was verified using chiral HPLC column. Electrochemical behaviors were influenced only by the number of ferrocene groups, but not the length of the amine chains and the substituent(s). The structures of the new phosphazenes were determined by FTIR, MS, 1H, 13C and 31P NMR, HSQC and HMBC spectral data. The solid-state structures of cis-1b and 4d were examined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The twelve phosphazene derivatives were screened for antimicrobial activity and the compounds 5a, cis-1b and 2c exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against G(+) and G(-) bacteria. In addition, it was found that overall gem-1b inhibited the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The compounds 1d, 2d and 4d were tested in HeLa cancer cell lines. Among these compounds, 2d had cytotoxic effect on HeLa cell in the first 48 h. Moreover, interactions between compounds 2a, gem-1b, gem-2b, cis-1b, 2c, 3c, 4c, 5c, 1d, 2d and 4d, and pBR322 plasmid DNA were investigated.
Initial evaluation of 99m Tc-tricarbonyl-cyclopentadienyl fatty acids derivatives as SPECT tracers for myocardium.

PubMed

Liu, Jianping; Wang, Huan; Wang, Shuxia; Xue, Qianqian; Wang, Dawei; Wang, Hang; Zhang, Huabei

2017-05-15

Fatty acids are myocardial metabolic agent for detecting myocardial ischemia and infraction. However, no 99m Tc-labeled fatty acids had potential use in clinical practice. In this study, 99m Tc-CpTT-10-oxo-para-PPA (1d), 99m Tc-CpTT-11-oxo-para-PPA (2d), 99m Tc-CpTT-12-oxo-para-PPA (3d), 99m Tc-CpTT-11-oxo-ortho-PPA (4d), and 99m Tc-CpTT-11-oxo-meta-PPA (5d) were synthesized by a double ligand transfer reaction, and their biological behaviors were investigated. Compound 2d achieved good heart to blood ratio (3.39 at 5 min after intravenous), and 2d showed high-heart uptake of 6.20% ID/g at 5 minutes after injection. Compound 3d displayed a prolonged retention in the myocardium (1.43% ID/g at 60 min after injection). Radioactivity accumulation in the lungs, spleen, and blood was eliminated rapidly. In vivo, metabolite analysis presented that compound 6d may be metabolite of 2d through β-oxidation in tissue. Unfortunately, the biodistribution studies of 1d, 2d, 3d, 4d, and 5d showed fast heart clearance and poor heart to liver ratios, which suggested that the 5 99m Tc-labeled fatty acid analogues cannot be used for diagnosis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors Influencing Dislodgeable 2, 4-D Plant Residues from Hybrid Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. x C. transvaalensis) Athletic Fields.

PubMed

Jeffries, Matthew D; Gannon, Travis W; Brosnan, James T; Ahmed, Khalied A; Breeden, Gregory K

2016-01-01

Research to date has confirmed 2,4-D residues may dislodge from turfgrass; however, experiments have not been conducted on hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. x C. transvaalensis), the most common athletic field turfgrass in subtropical climates. More specifically, previous research has not investigated the effect of post-application irrigation on dislodgeable 2,4-D residues from hybrid bermudagrass and across turfgrass species, research has been nondescript regarding sample time within a d (TWD) or conducted in the afternoon when the turfgrass canopy is dry, possibly underestimating potential for dislodgement. The effect of irrigation and TWD on 2,4-D dislodgeability was investigated. Dislodgeable 2,4-D amine was reduced > 300% following irrigation. From 2 to 7 d after treatment (DAT), ≤ 0.5% of applied 2,4-D was dislodged from irrigated turfgrass, while ≤ 2.3% of applied 2,4-D was dislodged when not irrigated. 2,4-D dislodgeability decreased as TWD increased. Dislodgeable 2,4-D residues declined to < 0.1% of the applied at 1 DAT- 13:00, and increased to 1 to 3% of the applied 2 DAT- 5:00, suggesting 2,4-D re-suspended on treated turfgrass vegetation overnight. In conclusion, irrigating treated turfgrass reduced dislodgeable 2,4-D. 2,4-D dislodgeability increased as TWD decreased, which was attributed to non-precipitation climatic conditions favoring turfgrass canopy wetness. This research will improve turfgrass management practices and research designed to minimize human 2,4-D exposure.
A family of silver(I) complexes built with 2-sulfoterephthalic acid monosodium salt and different aminopyridine ligands: Syntheses, structures and properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Jie; Tan, Gai-Xiu; Liu, Bao-Lin; Dai, Yu-Bei; Xu, Na; Wen, Wei-Fen; Cao, Chong; Xiao, Hong-Ping

2017-05-01

Five Ag(I) coordination complexes, namely, [Ag6(2-stp)2(3-methyl-2-apy)3·H2O]n (1), [Ag3(2-stp)(4-methyl-2-apy)3]n (2), [Na2Ag18(2-stp)4(2-Hstp)4(5-methyl-2-apy)16 (H2O)4·11H2O]n (3), Ag3(2-stp)(6-methy-2-apy)4·H2O (4), and [Ag6(2-stp)2(6-methyl-2-apy)8(H2O)2·H2O]n (5) (2-NaH2stp = 2-sulfoterephthalic acid monosodium salt, 3-methyl-2-apy = 3-methyl-2-aminopyridine, 4-methyl-2-apy = 4-methyl-2-aminopyridine, 5-methyl-2-apy = 5-methyl-2-aminopyridine, 6-methyl-2-apy = 6-methyl-2-aminopyridine), have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Complexes 1 and 2 show two-dimensional network. In complex 3, the adjacent Ag10 units are bridged by 5-methyl-2-apy ligands to form a 2D infinite undulated sheet. Adjacent 2D sheets are linked by coordinative bonds between carboxylic oxygen atoms and Na(I) ions to form a 3D coordination polymer. Complex 4 is a 0-D discrete trinuclear molecule, and the self-complementary the Osbnd H⋯O and Nsbnd H⋯O hydrogen bonds incorporating hydrogen bond motifs extend these molecules into a 2D supramolecular framework. Compound 5 exhibits 1D-chain structure. However, complex 5 shows 3D supramolecular structure results from the linkage of neighboring layers through a rich hydrogen-bonding between uncoordinated sulfonates, amino groups and coordinated carboxylates. The thermogravimetric analyses and photoluminescence of the complexes were also investigated.
p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. Part 3: SAR on 3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2-ones and 3,4-dihydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ones.

PubMed

Natarajan, Swaminathan R; Wisnoski, David D; Thompson, James E; O'Neill, Edward A; O'Keefe, Stephen J

2006-08-15

p38 inhibitors based on 3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2-one and 3,4-dihydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one platforms were synthesized and preliminary SAR explored. Among the pyrimido-pyrimidones the emergence of two sub-types of analogs-C7-amino-pyrimidines such as 24 and C7-amino-piperidines such as 42-characterized with good p38 inhibition and better off-target profiles in terms of ion channel activities was significant. Representative compound 54 in the pyrido-pyrimidone class was found to be equipotent with corresponding analog in the quinazolinone series.
MR arthrography of the hip: diagnostic performance and image quality of 3D-steady state free precession versus 2D turbo spin echo sequences.

PubMed

Kraus, Mareen Sarah; Notohamiprodjo, Mike; Partovi, Sasan; Sobieh, Ahmed; Baur-Melnyk, Andrea; Hausdorf, Joerg; Grosse, Ulrich

2018-06-01

To retrospectively compare the diagnostic performance of isotropic 3D steady-state free precession (3D-SSFP) sequences with 2D turbo spin-echo proton density-weighted fat-saturated (2D-TSE-PD fs) images in hip magnetic resonance arthrography; arthroscopy was a standard of reference. Eighty-one patients with suspected labral tears who underwent hip MR arthrography (3-T scanner) were included. 2D-TSE-PD fs sequences were acquired in three planes and a singular sagittal 3D-SSFP. Labral tears, cartilage pathology and bone marrow were independently assessed by two blinded radiologists using a 5-point Likert scale. Accuracy was determined in 39 patients using invasive arthroscopy. Diagnostic confidence of labral and cartilaginous pathologies based on image quality was rated higher for 3D-SSFP (4.5 ± 0.8; 4.35 ± 0.7; p < 0.0001), but inferior for bone marrow pathology (3.9 ± 0.7; 4.0 ± 0.7; p < 0.0001). In the arthroscopy patients, similar sensitivity (85.9%) but higher specificity (74.4vs.42.9%) and higher positive and negative predictive values were found in 3D-SSFP of labral and cartilage pathologies. 3D-SSFP in hip magnetic resonance arthrography offers increased accuracy in detecting labral and cartilage pathologies compared with 2D-TSE-PD, while reducing the acquisition time. A drawback of 3D-SSFP was the inferior diagnostic confidence for bone marrow evaluation; thus, 3D-SSFP should be combined with conventional 2D-TSE sequences.
All-Solid-State Mechanochemical Synthesis and Post-Synthetic Transformation of Inorganic Perovskite-type Halides.

PubMed

Pal, Provas; Saha, Sujoy; Banik, Ananya; Sarkar, Arka; Biswas, Kanishka

2018-02-06

All-inorganic and hybrid perovskite type halides are generally synthesized by solution-based methods, with the help of long chain organic capping ligands, complex organometallic precursors, and high boiling organic solvents. Herein, a room temperature, solvent-free, general, and scalable all-solid-state mechanochemical synthesis is demonstrated for different inorganic perovskite type halides, with versatile structural connectivity in three (3D), two (2D), and zero (0D) dimensions. 3D CsPbBr 3 , 2D CsPb 2 Br 5 , 0D Cs 4 PbBr 6 , 3D CsPbCl 3 , 2D CsPb 2 Cl 5 , 0D Cs 4 PbCl 6 , 3D CsPbI 3 , and 3D RbPbI 3 have all been synthesized by this method. The all-solid-state synthesis is materialized through an inorganic retrosynthetic approach, which directs the decision on the solid-state precursors (e.g., CsX and PbX 2 (X=Cl/Br/I) with desired stoichiometric ratios. Moreover, post-synthetic structural transformations from 3D to 2D and 0D perovskite halides were performed by the same mechanochemical synthetic approach at room temperature. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Inactivation of the ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii by 2 prime -chloro-2 prime -deoxyuridine 5 prime -triphosphate: A 3 prime -2 prime hydrogen transfer during the formation of 3 prime -keto-2 prime -deoxyuridine 5 prime -triphosphate

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ashley, G.W.; Harris, G.; Stubbe, J.

1988-10-04

The ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase of Lactobacillus leichmannii converts the substrate analogue 2{prime}-chloro-2{prime}-deoxyuridine 5{prime}-triphosphate (C1UTP) into a mixture of 2{prime}-deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) and the unstable product 3{prime}-keto-2{prime}-deoxyuridine triphosphate (3{prime}-keto-dUTP). This ketone can be trapped by reduction with NaBH{sub 4}, producing a 4:1 mixture of xylo-dUTP and dUTP. When (3{prime}-{sup 3}H)C1UTP is treated with enzyme in the presence of NaBH{sub 4}, the isomeric deoxyuridines isolated after alkaline phosphatase treatment retained 15% of the {sup 3}H in C1UTP. Degradation of these isomeric nucleosides has established the location of the {sup 3}H in 3{prime}-keto-dUTP as predominantly 2{prime}(S). The xylo-dU had 98.6% of its labelmore » at the 2{prime}(S) position and 1.5% at 2{prime}(R). The isolated dU had 89.6% of its label at 2{prime}(S) and 1.4% at 2{prime}(R), with the remaining 9% label inferred to be at the 3{prime}-carbon, this resulting from the direct enzymic production of dUTP. These results are consistent with enzymic production of a 1:1,000 mixture of dUTP and 3{prime}-keto-dUTP, where the 3{prime}-hydrogen of C1UTP is retained at 3{prime} during production of dUTP and is transferred to 2{prime}(S) during production of 3{prime}-keto-dUTP. The implications of these results and the unique role of the cofactor adenosylcobalamin are discussed in terms of reductase being a model for the B{sub 12}-dependent rearrangement reactions.« less
Vitamin D intake and other risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency in Middle Eastern people living in the UK: a comparison of cultural and ethnic groups.

PubMed

Ahmed, Wassan A; Al-Murrani, Waleed; Kuri, Victor; Rees, Gail A

2013-01-01

A questionnaire was designed to obtain information about factors affecting vitamin D status in Middle Eastern people living in the UK. A total of 242 questionnaires were returned out of 350 distributed. A total of 85% of the sample was estimated to have a low vitamin D intake (< 5 μg/d). Other risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency included covering skin from sunlight (62% men and 84% women); low use of vitamin D containing supplements (18.5%) and being overweight or obese (49% men and 44% women). Vitamin D intake was lowest in the Kurdish ethnic group (2.18 μg/d) and in those with primary (1.83 μg/d) and secondary school (2.14 μg/d) level education compared to higher education (3.0-3.59 μg/d). Vitamin D intake was highest in those aged 40-49 years (4.0 μg/d), those born in the Levant (4.29 μg/d), and in those who were obese (3.60 μg/d).
Make or Buy: Cost Impacts of Additive Manufacturing, 3D Laser Scanning Technology, and Collaborative Product Lifecycle Management on Ship Maintenance and Modernization

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-01

management during operations 4 Potential Technology 3: Additive Manufacturing (“ 3D Printing ”) 5 • 3D design/image (e.g. from 3D LS) of final part...1 Make or Buy: Cost Impacts of Additive Manufacturing, 3D Laser Scanning Technology, and Collaborative Product Lifecycle Management on Ship...DATES COVERED 00-00-2015 to 00-00-2015 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Make or Buy: Cost Impacts of Additive Manufacturing, 3D Laser Scanning Technology
Discrete hexamer water clusters and 2D water layer trapped in three luminescent Ag/tetramethylpyrazine/benzene-dicarboxylate hosts: 1D chain, 2D layer and 3D network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mei, Hong-Xin; Zhang, Ting; Huang, Hua-Qi; Huang, Rong-Bin; Zheng, Lan-Sun

2016-03-01

Three mix-ligand Ag(I) coordination compounds, namely, {[Ag10(tpyz) 5(L1) 5(H2 O)2].(H2 O)4}n (1, tpyz = 2,3,4,5-tetramethylpyrazine, H2 L1 = phthalic acid), [Ag4(tpyz) 2(L2) 2(H2 O)].(H2 O)5}n (2, H2 L2 = isophthalic acid) {[Ag2(tpyz) 2(L3) (H2 O)4].(H2 O)8}n (3, H2 L3 = terephthalic acid), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, PXRD and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. 1 exhibits a 2D layer which can be simplified as a (4,4) net. 2 is a 3D network which can be simplified as a (3,3)-connected 2-nodal net with a point symbol of {102.12}{102}. 3 consists of linear [Ag(tpyz) (H2 O)2]n chain. Of particular interest, discrete hexamer water clusters were observed in 1 and 2, while a 2D L10(6) water layer exists in 3. The results suggest that the benzene dicarboxylates play pivotal roles in the formation of the different host architectures as well as different water aggregations. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and emissive behaviors of these compounds were investigated.
Longitudinal Study of [D10]Phenanthrene Metabolism by the Diol Epoxide Pathway in Smokers

PubMed Central

Hecht, Stephen S.; Hochalter, J. Bradley; Carmella, Steven G.; Zhang, Yan; Rauch, Diane M.; Fujioka, Naomi; Jensen, Joni; Hatsukami, Dorothy K.

2013-01-01

The extent of metabolism of [D10]phenanthrene to [D10]r-1,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetradeuterophenanthrene ([D10]PheT) could be a biomarker of human metabolic activation of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, leading to identification of smokers particularly susceptible to lung cancer. The longitudinal stability of [D10]PheT was evaluated in 24 cigarette smokers given 7 – 8 oral doses of [D10]phenanthrene (10 μg) over 5.5 months. [D10]PheT in 6 h urine was quantified after each dose. The overall coefficient of variation for 24 subjects was (mean ± S.D.) 27.4 ± 8.83%. Thus, a single administration of [D10]phenanthrene is likely sufficient to determine a smoker’s ability to metabolize it to [D10]PheT. PMID:23336104
SU-E-T-790: Validation of 4D Measurement-Guided Dose Reconstruction (MGDR) with OCTAVIUS 4D System

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, V; Leung, R; Wong, M

2015-06-15

Purpose: To validate the MGDR of OCTAVIUS 4D system (PTW, Freiburg, Germany) for quality assurance (QA) of volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT). Methods: 4D-MGDR measurements were divided into two parts: 1) square fields from 2×2 to 25×25 cm{sup 2} at 0°, 10° and 45° gantry, and 2) 8 VMAT plans (5 nasopharyngeal and 3 prostate) collapsed to gantry 40° in QA mode in Monaco v5.0 (Elekta, CMS, Maryland Heights, MO) were delivered on the OCTAVIUS 4D phantom with the OCTAVIUS 1500 detector plane perpendicular to either the incident beam to obtain the reconstructed dose (OCTA4D) or the 0° gantry axis tomore » obtain the raw doses (OCTA3D) in Verisoft 6.1 (PTW, Freiburg, Germany). Raw measurements of OCTA3D were limited to < 45° gantry to avoid >0.5% variation of detector angular response with respect to 0° gantry as determined previously. Reconstructed OCTA4D and raw OCTA3D doses for all plans were compared at the same detector plane using γ criteria of 2% (local dose)/2mm and 3%/3mm criteria. Results: At gantry 0° and 10°, the γ results for all OCTA4D on detector plane coinciding with OCTA3D were over 90% at 2%/2mm except for the largest field (25×25 cm{sup 2} ) showing >88%. For square field at 45° gantry, γ passing rate is > 90% for fields smaller than 15x 15cm2 but < 80% for field size of 20 x20 cm{sup 2} upward. For VMAT, γ results showed 94% and 99% passing rate at 2%/2mm and 3%/3mm, respectively. Conclusion: OCTAVIUS 4D system has compromised accuracy in reconstructing dose away from the central beam axis, possibly due to the off-axis softening correction and errors of the percent depth dose data necessary as input for MGDR. Good results in VMAT delivery suggested that the system is relatively reliable for VMAT with small segments.« less
Ka-band Ga-As FET noise receiver/device development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schellenberg, J. M.; Feng, M.; Hackett, L. H.; Watkins, E. T.; Yamasaki, H.

1982-01-01

The development of technology for a 30 GHz low noise receiver utilizing GaAs FET devices exclusively is discussed. This program required single and dual-gate FET devices, low noise FET amplifiers, dual-gate FET mixers, and FET oscillators operating at Ka-band frequencies. A 0.25 micrometer gate FET device, developed with a minimum noise figure of 3.3 dB at 29 GHz and an associated gain of 7.4 dB, was used to fabricate a 3-stage amplifier with a minimum noise figure and associated gain of 4.4 dB and 17 dB, respectively. The 1-dB gain bandwidth of this amplifier extended from below 26.5 GHz to 30.5 GHz. A dual-gate mixer with a 2 dB conversion loss and a minimum noise figure of 10 dB at 29 GHz as well as a dielectric resonator stabilized FET oscillator at 25 GHz for the receiver L0. From these components, a hybrid microwave integrated circuit receiver was constructed which demonstrates a minimum single-side band noise figure of 4.6 dB at 29 GHz with a conversion gain of 17 dB. The output power at the 1-dB gain compression point was -5 dBm.
Mechanism of inhibition of mammalian tumor and other thymidylate synthases by N sup 4 -hydroxy-dCMP, N sup 4 -hydroxy-5-fluoro-dCMP, and related analogues

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rode, W.; Zielinski, Z.; Dzik, J.M.

1990-12-01

N{sup 4}-Hydroxy-dCMP (N{sup 4}-OH-dCMP), N{sup 4}-methoxy-dCMP (N{sup 4}-OMe-dCMP), and their 5-fluoro congeners were all slow-binding inhibitors of Ehrlich carcinoma thymidylate synthase (TS), competitive with respect to dUMP, and had differing kinetic constants describing interactions with the two TS binding sites. N{sup 4}-OH-dCMP was not a substrate and its inactivation of TS was methylenetetrahydrofolate-dependent, hence mechanism-based. K{sub i} values for N{sup 4}-OH-dCMP and its 5-fluoro analogue were in the range 10{sup {minus}7}-10{sup {minus}8} M, 2-3 orders of magnitude higher for the corresponding N{sup 4}-OMe analogues. The 5-methyl analogue of N{sup 4}-OHdCMP was 10{sup 4}-fold less potent, pointing to the anti rotamermore » of the imino form of exocyclic N{sup 4}-OH, relative to the ring N(3), as the active species. This is consistent with weaker slow-binding inhibition of the altered enzyme from 5-FdUrd-resistant, relative to parent, L1210 cells by both FdUMP and N{sup 4}-OH-dCMP, suggesting interaction of both N{sup 4}-OH and C(5)-F groups with the same region of the active center. Kinetic studies with purified enzyme from five sources, viz., Ehrlich carcinoma, L1210 parental, and 5-FdUrd-resistant cells, regenerating rat liver, and the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta, demonstrated that addition of a 5-fluoro substituent to N{sup 4}-OH-dCMP increased its affinity from 2- to 20-fold for the enzyme from different sources. With the Ehrlich and tapeworm enzymes, N{sup 4}-OH-FdCMP and FdUMP were almost equally effective inhibitors.« less
Thermodynamics of triple helix formation: spectrophotometric studies on the d(A)10.2d(T)10 and d(C+3T4C+3).d(G3A4G3).d(C3T4C3) triple helices.

PubMed Central

Pilch, D S; Brousseau, R; Shafer, R H

1990-01-01

We have stabilized the d(A)10.2d(T)10 and d(C+LT4C+3).d(G3A4G3).d(C3T4C3) triple helices with either NaCl or MgCl2 at pH 5.5. UV mixing curves demonstrate a 1:2 stoichiometry of purine to pyrimidine strands under the appropriate conditions of pH and ionic strength. Circular dichroic titrations suggest a possible sequence-independent spectral signature for triplex formation. Thermal denaturation profiles indicate the initial loss of the third strand followed by dissociation of the underlying duplex with increasing temperature. Depending on the base sequence and ionic conditions, the binding affinity of the third strand for the duplex at 25 degrees C is two to five orders of magnitude lower than that of the two strands forming the duplex. Thermodynamic parameters for triplex formation were determined for both sequences in the presence of 50 mM MgCl2 and/or 2.0 M NaCl. Hoogsteen base pairs are 0.22-0.64 kcal/mole less stable than Watson-Crick base pairs, depending on ionic conditions and base composition. C+.G and T.A Hoogsteen base pairs appear to have similar stability in the presence of Mg2+ ions at low pH. PMID:2216768
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lichtscheidl, Alejandro G.; Janicke, Michael T.; Scott, Brian L.

The synthesis and full characterization, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) data ( 1H, 13C{ 1H} and 119Sn{ 1H}), for a series of Me 3SnX (X = O-2,6-tBu 2C 6H 3 (1), (Me 3Sn)N(2,6- iPr 2C 6H 3) (3), NH-2,4,6- tBu 3C 6H 2 (4), N(SiMe 3) 2 (5), NEt 2, C 5Me 5 (6), Cl, Br, I, and SnMe 3) compounds in benzene-d 6, toluene-d 8, dichloromethane-d 2, chloroform-d 1, acetonitrile-d 3, and tetrahydrofuran-d 8 are reported. The X-ray crystal structures of Me 3Sn(O-2,6- tBu 2C 6H 3) (1), Me 3Sn(O-2,6- iPr 2C 6H 3) (2), and (Me 3Sn)(NH-2,4,6- tBumore » 3C 6H 2) (4) are also presented. As a result, these compiled data complement existing literature data and ease the characterization of these compounds by routine NMR experiments.« less
Spin coating and plasma process for 2.5D and hybrid 3D micro-resonators on multilayer polymers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bêche, B.; Gaviot, E.; Godet, C.; Zebda, A.; Potel, A.; Barbe, J.; Camberlein, L.; Vié, V.; Panizza, P.; Loas, G.; Hamel, C.; Zyss, J.; Huby, N.

2009-05-01

We have designed and realized three integrated photonic families of micro-resonators (MR) on multilayer organic materials. Such so-called 2.5D-MR and 3D-MR structures show off radius values ranging from 40 to 200μm. Both first and second families are especially designed on organic multilayer materials and shaped as ring- and disk-MR organics structures arranged upon (and coupled with) a pair of SU8-organic waveguides. The third family is related to hybrid 3D-MR structures composed of spherical glass-MR coupled to organic waveguides by a Langmuir-Blodgett lipid film about three nanometers in thickness. At first, polymer spin coating, surface plasma treatment and selective UV-lithography processes have been developed to realize 2.5D photonic micro-resonators. Secondly, we have designed and characterized photonic-quadripoles made of 3D-glass-MR arranged upon a pair of SU8 waveguides. Such structures are defined by a 4-ports or 4-waveguides coupled by the spherical glass-MR. We have achieved an evanescent photonic coupling between the 3D-MR and the 4-ports structure. Spectral resonances have been measured for 4-whispering gallery-modes (WGM) into such 3D-structures respectively characterized by a 0.97 nm free spectral range (FSR) and a high quality Q-factor up to 4.104.
Subclinical hypothyroidism in combination with vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of impaired left ventricular diastolic function.

PubMed

Yilmaz, H; Cakmak, M; Darcin, T; Inan, O; Gurel, O M; Bilgic, M A; Bavbek, N; Akcay, A

2015-04-01

Subclinical hypothyroidism and vitamin D deficiency are common. The diastolic function of patients with both subclinical hypothyroidism and vitamin D deficiency remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate diastolic dysfunction in patients with both subclinical hypothyroidism and vitamin D deficiency. This study included 254 patients. All patients underwent standard Doppler echocardiography. Patients who had risk factors for diastolic dysfunction or had used L-thyroxine and vitamin D within the previous 3 months were excluded. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a 25-OH-vitamin D level lower than 20 ng/ml, and vitamin D sufficiency was defined as a 25-OH-vitamin D level ≥ 30 ng/ml. Subclinical hypothyroidism was defined as a TSH level of 4.5-10 mU/l when the free T4 concentration was normal. The patients were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 (n=71) included patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and vitamin D deficiency; Group 2 (n=66) included patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and vitamin D sufficiency; Group 3 (n=65) included euthyroid patients with vitamin D deficiency; and Group 4 (n=52) included euthyroid patients with vitamin D sufficiency. LAVI (31.3 ± 3.2, 28.7 ± 3.0, 28.4 ± 3.4, and 27.9 ± 3.9; p<0.001) and E/E' values (11.2 ± 2.7, 8.9 ± 2.7, 9.1 ± 2.9, 8.8 ± 2.5; p<0.001) were significantly higher in Group 1 than in Groups 2, 3 and 4. E' values were significantly lower in Group 1 than in Groups 2, 3 and 4. The coexistence of subclinical hypothyroidism with vitamin D deficiency can lead to further deterioration in the LV diastolic function via the regulation of intracellular calcium and induction of inflammatory activity. Therefore, close follow-up of the diastolic functions of these patients could be beneficial.

Structure–Activity Relationships for a Novel Series of Dopamine D2-like Receptor Ligands Based on N-Substituted 3-Aryl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ol

PubMed Central

Paul, Noel M.; Taylor, Michelle; Kumar, Rakesh; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Luedtke, Robert R.; Newman, Amy Hauck

2011-01-01

Discovering dopamine D2-like receptor subtype-selective ligands has been a focus of significant investigation. The D2R-selective antagonist 3-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidinyl]methylindole (1, L741,626; Ki(D2R/D3R) = 11.2:163 nM) has previously provided a lead template for chemical modification. Herein, analogues have been synthesized where the piperidine was replaced by a tropane ring that reversed the selectivity seen in the parent compound, in human hD2LR- or hD3R-transfected HEK 293 cells (31, Ki(D2R/D3R) = 33.4: 15.5 nM). Further exploration of both N-substituted and aryl ring-substituted analogues resulted in the discovery of several high affinity D2R/D3R ligands with 3-benzofurylmethyl-substituents (e.g., 45, Ki(D2R/D3R) = 1.7:0.34 nM) that induced high affinity not achieved in similarly N-substituted piperidine analogues and significantly (470-fold) improved D3R binding affinity compared to the parent ligand 1. X-ray crystallographic data revealed a distinctive spatial arrangement of pharmacophoric elements in the piperidinol vs tropine analogues, providing clues for the diversity in SAR at the D2 and D3 receptor subtypes. PMID:18774793
TM4SF5 promotes metastatic behavior of cells in 3D extracellular matrix gels by reducing dependency on environmental cues

PubMed Central

Nam, Seo Hee; Cheong, Jin-Gyu; Jeong, Doyoung; Lee, Seo-Jin; Pan, Cheol-Ho; Jung, Jae Woo; Kim, Hye-Jin; Ryu, Jihye; Kim, Ji Eon; Kim, Somi; Cho, Chang Yun; Kang, Min-Kyung; Lee, Kyung-Min; Lee, Jung Weon

2017-01-01

Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and enhances migration in two-dimensional environments. Here, we investigated how TM4SF5 is involved in diverse pro-metastatic phenotypes in in vivo-like three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix gels. TM4SF5-positive cells aggressively formed invasive foci in 3D Matrigel, depending on TM4SF5-mediated signaling activity, cytoskeletal organization, and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) 2-mediated extracellular remodeling, whereas TM4SF5-null cells did not. The TM4SF5-null cells did, however, form invasive foci in 3D Matrigel following inhibition of Rho-associated protein kinase or addition of collagen I, suggesting that collagen I compensated for TM4SF5 expression. Similarly, TM4SF5-positive cells expressing vascular endothelial-cadherin formed network-like vasculogenic mimicry in 3D Matrigel and collagen I mixture gels, whereas TM4SF5-negative cells in the mixture gels displayed the network structures only upon further treatment with epidermal growth factor. The foci formation also required MMP2-mediated remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Co-cultures exhibited TM4SF5-positive or cancer-associated fibroblasts at the outward edges of TM4SF5-null cell clusters. Compared with TM4SF5-null cells, TM4SF5-positive cells in 3D collagen gels showed a more invasive outgrowth with dramatic invadopodia. These observations suggest that TM4SF5 plays roles in the promotion of diverse metastatic properties with fewer environmental requirements than TM4SF5-negative cells. PMID:29137358
Current drug treatments targeting dopamine D3 receptor.

PubMed

Leggio, Gian Marco; Bucolo, Claudio; Platania, Chiara Bianca Maria; Salomone, Salvatore; Drago, Filippo

2016-09-01

Dopamine receptors (DR) have been extensively studied, but only in recent years they became object of investigation to elucidate the specific role of different subtypes (D1R, D2R, D3R, D4R, D5R) in neural transmission and circuitry. D1-like receptors (D1R and D5R) and D2-like receptors (D2R, D2R and D4R) differ in signal transduction, binding profile, localization in the central nervous system and physiological effects. D3R is involved in a number of pathological conditions, including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, addiction, anxiety, depression and glaucoma. Development of selective D3R ligands has been so far challenging, due to the high sequence identity and homology shared by D2R and D3R. As a consequence, despite a rational design of selective DR ligands has been carried out, none of currently available medicines selectively target a given D2-like receptor subtype. The availability of the D3R ligand [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO for positron emission tomography studies in animal models as well as in humans, allows researchers to estimate the expression of D3R in vivo; displacement of [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO binding by concurrent drug treatments is used to estimate the in vivo occupancy of D3R. Here we provide an overview of studies indicating D3R as a target for pharmacological therapy, and a review of market approved drugs endowed with significant affinity at D3R that are used to treat disorders where D3R plays a relevant role. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Structural characterization and antioxidant property of released exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus SRFM-1.

PubMed

Tang, Weizhi; Dong, Mingsheng; Wang, Weilu; Han, Shuo; Rui, Xin; Chen, Xiaohong; Jiang, Mei; Zhang, Qiuqin; Wu, Junjun; Li, Wei

2017-10-01

Three released exopolysaccharide fractions (r-EPS1, r-EPS2 and r-EPS3) were isolated from the fermented milk of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus SRFM-1 and purified by anion exchange chromatography, and characterizations of the structures were conducted. The r-EPS1 and r-EPS2 were homogenous with the average molecular weights of 3.97×10 5 Da and 3.86×10 5 Da, respectively. Three r-EPS fractions were composed of galactose and glucose with a molar ratio of 1.23: 1.00, 1.33: 1.00 and 1.00: 1.34, respectively. Structural characterization indicated that the r-EPS1 contained a backbone of →6-β-d-Galp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-α-d-Galp-(1→4)-β-d-Galp-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-α-d-Galp-(1→4)-β-d-Galp-(1→4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, and had three branching points which existed in terminal with D-Glcp residues with α/β-d-(1→6) linkages. The r-EPS2 was composed of →6-β-d-Galp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-Galp-(1→ as the backbone chain with a branching point which also existed in terminal D-Glcp residue with β-(1→6) linkage. In addition, three r-EPS fractions exhibited strong scavenging activities on superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical and chelating activity on ferrous ion, and their antioxidant activities decreased in the order of r-EPS1>r-EPS2>r-EPS3. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Pharmacological modulation of abnormal involuntary DOI-induced head twitch response movements in male DBA/2J mice: II. Effects of D3 dopamine receptor selective compounds.

PubMed

Rangel-Barajas, Claudia; Malik, Maninder; Mach, Robert H; Luedtke, Robert R

2015-06-01

We recently reported on the characterization of the hallucinogen 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine's (DOI) ability to elicit a head twitch response (HTR) in DBA/2J mice and the ability of D2 vs. D3 dopamine receptor selective compounds to modulate that response. For these studies, the ability of D3 vs. D2 dopamine receptor selective compounds to attenuate the DOI-dependent HTR was examined. WC 10, a D3 dopamine receptor weak partial agonist with 40-fold binding selectivity for D3 vs. D2 dopamine receptors, produced a dose-dependent decrease in the DOI-induced HTR (IC50 = 3.7 mg/kg). WC 44, a D3 receptor selective full agonist, also inhibited the DOI-induced HTR (IC50 = 5.1 mg/kg). The effect of two D3 receptor selective partial agonists, LAX-4-136 and WW-III-55, were also evaluated. These analogs exhibit 150-fold and 800-fold D3 vs. D2 binding selectivity, respectively. Both compounds inhibited the HTR with similar potency but with different maximum efficacies. At 10 mg/kg WW-III-55 inhibited the HTR by 95%, while LAX-4-136 administration resulted in a 50% reduction. In addition, DOI (5 mg/kg) was administered at various times after LAX-4-136 or WW-III-55 administration to compare the duration of action. The homopiperazine analog LAX-4-136 exhibited greater stability. An assessment of our test compounds on motor performance and coordination was performed using a rotarod test. None of the D3 dopamine receptor selective compounds significantly altered latency to fall, suggesting that these compounds a) did not attenuate the DOI-dependent HTR due to sedative or adverse motor effects and b) may have antipsychotic/antihallucinogenic activity. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Type II iodothyronine deiodinase provides intracellular 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine to normal and regenerating mouse skeletal muscle.

PubMed

Marsili, Alessandro; Tang, Dan; Harney, John W; Singh, Prabhat; Zavacki, Ann Marie; Dentice, Monica; Salvatore, Domenico; Larsen, P Reed

2011-11-01

The FoxO3-dependent increase in type II deiodinase (D2), which converts the prohormone thyroxine (T(4)) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)), is required for normal mouse skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration. This implies a requirement for an increase in D2-generated intracellular T(3) under these conditions, which has not been directly demonstrated despite the presence of D2 activity in skeletal muscle. We directly show that D2-mediated T(4)-to-T(3) conversion increases during differentiation in C(2)C(12) myoblast and primary cultures of mouse neonatal skeletal muscle precursor cells, and that blockade of D2 eliminates this. In adult mice given (125)I-T(4) and (131)I-T(3), the intracellular (125)I-T(3)/(131)I-T(3) ratio is significantly higher than in serum in both the D2-expressing cerebral cortex and the skeletal muscle of wild-type, but not D2KO, mice. In D1-expressing liver and kidney, the (125)I-T(3)/(131)I-T(3) ratio does not differ from that in serum. Hypothyroidism increases D2 activity, and in agreement with this, the difference in (125)I-T(3)/(131)I-T(3) ratio is increased further in hypothyroid wild-type mice but not altered in the D2KO. Notably, in wild-type but not in D2KO mice, the muscle production of (125)I-T(3) is doubled after skeletal muscle injury. Thus, D2-mediated T(4)-to-T(3) conversion generates significant intracellular T(3) in normal mouse skeletal muscle, with the increased T(3) required for muscle regeneration being provided by increased D2 synthesis, not by T(3) from the circulation.
Type II iodothyronine deiodinase provides intracellular 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine to normal and regenerating mouse skeletal muscle

PubMed Central

Marsili, Alessandro; Tang, Dan; Harney, John W.; Singh, Prabhat; Zavacki, Ann Marie; Dentice, Monica; Salvatore, Domenico

2011-01-01

The FoxO3-dependent increase in type II deiodinase (D2), which converts the prohormone thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3), is required for normal mouse skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration. This implies a requirement for an increase in D2-generated intracellular T3 under these conditions, which has not been directly demonstrated despite the presence of D2 activity in skeletal muscle. We directly show that D2-mediated T4-to-T3 conversion increases during differentiation in C2C12 myoblast and primary cultures of mouse neonatal skeletal muscle precursor cells, and that blockade of D2 eliminates this. In adult mice given 125I-T4 and 131I-T3, the intracellular 125I-T3/131I-T3 ratio is significantly higher than in serum in both the D2-expressing cerebral cortex and the skeletal muscle of wild-type, but not D2KO, mice. In D1-expressing liver and kidney, the 125I-T3/131I-T3 ratio does not differ from that in serum. Hypothyroidism increases D2 activity, and in agreement with this, the difference in 125I-T3/131I-T3 ratio is increased further in hypothyroid wild-type mice but not altered in the D2KO. Notably, in wild-type but not in D2KO mice, the muscle production of 125I-T3 is doubled after skeletal muscle injury. Thus, D2-mediated T4-to-T3 conversion generates significant intracellular T3 in normal mouse skeletal muscle, with the increased T3 required for muscle regeneration being provided by increased D2 synthesis, not by T3 from the circulation. PMID:21771965
Synthesis and characterization of 4-(1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)furazan derivatives as high-performance insensitive energetic materials.

PubMed

Zhen, Xu; Cheng, Guangbin; Yang, Hongwei; Zhang, Jiaheng; Shreeve, Jean'ne M

2018-05-15

3-Nitro-4-(5-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)furazan (2), N,N'-bis(trinitroethyl)-3,5'-diamino-4-(1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)furazan (3), N,N'-bis(trinitroethyl)-3,5'-dinitramino-4-(1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)furazan (4) and eighteen nitrogen-rich salts (5a, 5b,5d⁓5i, 5g-1, 6a⁓6i) were designed and synthesized. These 4-(1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)furazan derivatives were fully characterized by IR and NMR spectra, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The solid-state structures of 2, 5d, 5e, 5h, 5g-1, 6g, and 6i were confirmed via single crystal X-ray analysis. Detonation performance (detonation velocities and pressures) of these energetic compounds was evaluated and the impact and friction sensitivities were measured using standard BAM technology. Some of the compounds, e.g., 2 (D: 9152 m s-1, P = 37.1 GPa) and 4 (D: 9355 m s-1, P = 40.1 GPa) exhibit excellent detonation performance, which are comparable to the highly explosive benchmarks such as RDX (D: 8795 m s-1, P = 34.9 GPa) and HMX (D: 9144 m s-1, P = 39.2 GPa). © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Chemical constituents from Tribulus terrestris and screening of their antioxidant activity.

PubMed

Hammoda, Hala M; Ghazy, Nabila M; Harraz, Fathalla M; Radwan, Mohamed M; ElSohly, Mahmoud A; Abdallah, Ingy I

2013-08-01

Two oligosaccharides (1,2) and a stereoisomer of di-p-coumaroylquinic acid (3) were isolated from the aerial parts of Tribulus terrestris along with five known compounds (4-8). The structures of the compounds were established as O-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→6)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→6)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(6→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside (1), O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside (2), 4,5-di-p-cis-coumaroylquinic acid (3) by different spectroscopic methods including 1D NMR ((1)H, (13)C and DEPT) and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HMQC and HMBC) experiments as well as ESI-MS analysis. This is the first report for the complete NMR spectral data of the known 4,5-di-p-trans-coumaroylquinic acid (4). The antioxidant activity represented as DPPH free radical scavenging activity was investigated revealing that the di-p-coumaroylquinic acid derivatives possess potent antioxidant activity so considered the major constituents contributing to the antioxidant effect of the plant. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite Time History Data Base System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-11-30

8-3 - MASS LOCK MODE TELEMETRY Word number Minor frame 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 SINGLES DETI DETi DETi DETi DETi DETi DETi DiB DiA CHANO CHANi CHAN2 CHAN3... CHANO CHANi CHAN2 INTl INTl INTl INTl INT2 INT2 INT2 1 SINGLES DETi DETi DETi DETi DETi DETi DETi D2B D2A CHAN3 CHANO CHANi CHAN2 CHAN3 CHANO CHANi...INT2 INT3 INT3 INT3 INT3 INT4 INT4 2 SINGLES DETi DETi DETI DETi DETi DETI DETi D3B D3A CHAN2 CHAN3 CHANO CHANi CHAN2 CHAN3 CHANO INT4 INT4 INT5 INT5
Quantification of interplay and gradient effects for lung stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) treatments

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

This study quantified the interplay and gradient effects on GTV dose coverage for 3D CRT, dMLC IMRT, and VMAT SABR treatments for target amplitudes of 5–30 mm using 3DVH v3.1 software incorporating 4D Respiratory MotionSim (4D RMS) module. For clinically relevant motion periods (5 s), the interplay effect was small, with deviations in the minimum dose covering the target volume (D99%) of less than ±2.5% for target amplitudes up to 30 mm. Increasing the period to 60 s resulted in interplay effects of up to ±15.0% on target D99% dose coverage. The gradient effect introduced by target motion resulted in deviations of up to ±3.5% in D99% target dose coverage. VMAT treatments showed the largest deviation in dose metrics, which was attributed to the long delivery times in comparison to dMLC IMRT. Retrospective patient analysis indicated minimal interplay and gradient effects for patients treated with dMLC IMRT at the NCCI. PACS numbers: 87.55.km, 87.56.Fc PMID:26894347
U.S. Geological Survey: A synopsis of Three-dimensional Modeling

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jacobsen, Linda J.; Glynn, Pierre D.; Phelps, Geoff A.; Orndorff, Randall C.; Bawden, Gerald W.; Grauch, V.J.S.

2011-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is a multidisciplinary agency that provides assessments of natural resources (geological, hydrological, biological), the disturbances that affect those resources, and the disturbances that affect the built environment, natural landscapes, and human society. Until now, USGS map products have been generated and distributed primarily as 2-D maps, occasionally providing cross sections or overlays, but rarely allowing the ability to characterize and understand 3-D systems, how they change over time (4-D), and how they interact. And yet, technological advances in monitoring natural resources and the environment, the ever-increasing diversity of information needed for holistic assessments, and the intrinsic 3-D/4-D nature of the information obtained increases our need to generate, verify, analyze, interpret, confirm, store, and distribute its scientific information and products using 3-D/4-D visualization, analysis, modeling tools, and information frameworks. Today, USGS scientists use 3-D/4-D tools to (1) visualize and interpret geological information, (2) verify the data, and (3) verify their interpretations and models. 3-D/4-D visualization can be a powerful quality control tool in the analysis of large, multidimensional data sets. USGS scientists use 3-D/4-D technology for 3-D surface (i.e., 2.5-D) visualization as well as for 3-D volumetric analyses. Examples of geological mapping in 3-D include characterization of the subsurface for resource assessments, such as aquifer characterization in the central United States, and for input into process models, such as seismic hazards in the western United States.
2002 Status of the Armed Forces Survey- Workplace and Gender Relations: Administration, Datasets, and Codebook

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-05-01

Wave 2 Foreign DoD Remail 2 2/5/02 2/6/02 3 0 0 36. Wave 2 Domestic DoD Remail 3 2/8/02 2/11/02 643 128 52 37. Wave 2 Domestic Coast Guard...Foreign DoD Remail 3 3/8/02 3/11/02 2 1 0 50. Wave 3 Domestic DoD Remail 4 3/13/02 3/14/02 312 52 9 51. Wave 3 Domestic Coast Guard Remail 4 3...13/02 3/14/02 14 1 3 52 . Wave 3 Domestic DoD Remail 5 3/26/02 3/27/02 673 107 19 53. Wave 3 Domestic Coast Guard Remail 5 3/26/02 3/27/02 29 3 3
FLT3-ITD confers resistance to the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors by protecting the mTOR/4EBP1/Mcl-1 pathway through STAT5 activation in acute myeloid leukemia

PubMed Central

Nogami, Ayako; Oshikawa, Gaku; Okada, Keigo; Fukutake, Shusaku; Umezawa, Yoshihiro; Nagao, Toshikage; Kurosu, Tetsuya; Miura, Osamu

2015-01-01

FLT3-ITD and FLT3-TKD are the most frequent tyrosine kinase mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with the former associated with poor prognosis. Here, we show that the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 or the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 induced apoptosis through the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway more efficiently in hematopoietic 32D cells driven by FLT3-TKD (32D/TKD) than FLT3-ITD (32D/ITD), which robustly activated STAT5. The resistance to GDC-0941 and MK-2206 was gained by expression of the constitutively activated STAT5 mutant STAT5A1*6 in 32D/TKD cells, while it was abrogated by the STAT5 inhibitor pimozide in 32D/ITD cells or FLT3-ITD-expressing human leukemic MV4–11 cells. GDC-0941 or MK-2206 induced dephosphorylation of 4EBP1 more conspicuously in 32D/TKD than in 32D/ITD, which was prevented or augmented by STAT5A1*6 or pimozide, respectively, and correlated with downregulation of the eIF4E/eIF4G complex formation and Mcl-1 expression. Furthermore, exogenous expression of Mcl-1 endowed resistance to GDC-0941 and MK-2206 on 32D/TKD cells. Finally, it was confirmed in primary AML cells with FLT3-ITD that pimozide enhanced 4EBP1 dephosphorylation and Mcl-1 downregulation to augment cytotoxicity of GDC-0941. These data suggest that the robust STAT5 activation by FLT3-ITD protects cells treated with the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors from apoptosis by maintaining Mcl-1 expression through the mTORC1/4EBP1/eIF4E pathway. PMID:25826077
FLT3-ITD confers resistance to the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors by protecting the mTOR/4EBP1/Mcl-1 pathway through STAT5 activation in acute myeloid leukemia.

PubMed

Nogami, Ayako; Oshikawa, Gaku; Okada, Keigo; Fukutake, Shusaku; Umezawa, Yoshihiro; Nagao, Toshikage; Kurosu, Tetsuya; Miura, Osamu

2015-04-20

FLT3-ITD and FLT3-TKD are the most frequent tyrosine kinase mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with the former associated with poor prognosis. Here, we show that the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 or the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 induced apoptosis through the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway more efficiently in hematopoietic 32D cells driven by FLT3-TKD (32D/TKD) than FLT3-ITD (32D/ITD), which robustly activated STAT5. The resistance to GDC-0941 and MK-2206 was gained by expression of the constitutively activated STAT5 mutant STAT5A1*6 in 32D/TKD cells, while it was abrogated by the STAT5 inhibitor pimozide in 32D/ITD cells or FLT3-ITD-expressing human leukemic MV4-11 cells. GDC-0941 or MK-2206 induced dephosphorylation of 4EBP1 more conspicuously in 32D/TKD than in 32D/ITD, which was prevented or augmented by STAT5A1*6 or pimozide, respectively, and correlated with downregulation of the eIF4E/eIF4G complex formation and Mcl-1 expression. Furthermore, exogenous expression of Mcl-1 endowed resistance to GDC-0941 and MK-2206 on 32D/TKD cells. Finally, it was confirmed in primary AML cells with FLT3-ITD that pimozide enhanced 4EBP1 dephosphorylation and Mcl-1 downregulation to augment cytotoxicity of GDC-0941. These data suggest that the robust STAT5 activation by FLT3-ITD protects cells treated with the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors from apoptosis by maintaining Mcl-1 expression through the mTORC1/4EBP1/eIF4E pathway.
Stark widths and shifts for spectral lines of Sn IV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Andrés-García, I.; Alonso-Medina, A.; Colón, C.

2016-01-01

In this paper, we present theoretical Stark widths and shifts calculated corresponding to 66 spectral lines of Sn IV. We use the Griem semi-empirical approach and the COWAN computer code. For the intermediate coupling calculations, the standard method of least-squares fitting from experimental energy levels was used. Data are presented for an electron density of 1017 cm-3 and temperatures T = 1.1-5.0 (104 K). The matrix elements used in these calculations have been determined from 34 configurations of Sn IV: 4d10ns(n = 5-10), 4d10nd(n = 5-8), 4d95s2, 4d95p2, 4d95s5d, 4d85s5p2 and 4d105g for even parity and 4d10np(n = 5-8), 4d10nf (n = 4-6), 4d95snp(n = 5-8), 4d85s25p and 4d95snf (n = 4-10) for odd parity. Also, in order to test the matrix elements used in our calculations, we present calculated values of radiative lifetimes of 14 levels of Sn IV. There is good agreement between our calculations and the experimental radiative lifetimes obtained from the bibliography. The spectral lines of Sn IV are observed in UV spectra of HD 149499 B obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer, the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph and the International Ultraviolet Explorer. Theoretical trends of the Stark broadening parameter versus the temperature for relevant lines are presented. Also our values of Stark broadening parameters have been compared with the data available in the bibliography.
Effects of Acute and Chronic Treatments with Dopamine D2 and D3 Receptor Ligands on Cocaine versus Food Choice in Rats.

PubMed

Thomsen, Morgane; Barrett, Andrew C; Butler, Paul; Negus, S Stevens; Caine, S Barak

2017-07-01

Dopamine D 3 receptor ligands are potential medications for psychostimulant addiction. Medication assessment may benefit from preclinical studies that evaluate chronic medication effects on choice between an abused drug and an alternative, nondrug reinforcer. This study compared acute and chronic effects of dopamine D 2 - and D 3 -preferring ligands on choice between intravenous cocaine and palatable food in rats. Under baseline conditions, cocaine maintained dose-dependent increases in cocaine choice and reciprocal decreases in food choice. Acutely, the D 2 agonist R -(-)-norpropylapomorphine (NPA) and antagonist L-741,626 [3-[[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin-l-yl]methyl-1 H -indole] produced leftward and rightward shifts in cocaine dose-effect curves, respectively, whereas the partial agonist terguride had no effect. All three drugs dose-dependently decreased food-maintained responding. Chronically, the effects of R -(-)-norpropylapomorphine and L-741,626 on cocaine self-administration showed marked tolerance, whereas suppression of food-reinforced behavior persisted. Acute effects of the D 3 ligands were less systematic and most consistent with nonselective decreases in cocaine- and food-maintained responding. Chronically, the D 3 agonist PF-592,379 [5-[(2 R ,5 S )-5-methyl-4-propylmorpholin-2-yl]pyridin-2-amine] increased cocaine choice, whereas an intermediate dose of the D 3 antagonist PG01037 [ N -[( E )-4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]but-2-enyl]-4-pyridin-2-ylbenzamide] produced a therapeutically desirable decrease in cocaine choice early in treatment; however, tolerance to this effect developed, and lower and higher doses were ineffective. D 3 ligands failed to significantly modify total cocaine intake but caused persistent decreases in food intake. Thus, D 2 -and D 3 -preferring ligands showed distinct profiles, consistent with different pharmacological actions. In addition, these results highlight the role of acute versus chronic treatment as a determinant of test drug effects. With the possible exception of the D 3 antagonist PG01037, no ligand was promising in terms of cocaine addiction treatment. Copyright © 2017 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.
[Triterpenoid saponins from flower bud of Jasminum officinale var. grandiflorum].

PubMed

Zhao, Gui-Qin; Dong, Jun-Xing

2008-01-01

To study the chemical constituent bud of the flowers of Jasminum officinale var. grandiflorum. The compounds were isolated and purified by recrystallization and chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH - 20 column. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Six triterpenoid saponins were identified as 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl- hederagenin-28-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1 --> 6)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl ester (1), hederagenin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (2), 2alpha, 3beta, 23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (3), hederagenin-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (4), 2alpha, 3beta, 23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (5), hederagenin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (6). Compound 1 is a new compound. Compounds 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 were isolated from the genus Jasminum for the first time.
Cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in fish from the Baltic Sea.

PubMed

Kierkegaard, Amelie; Bignert, Anders; McLachlan, Michael S

2013-10-01

Laboratory studies suggest that the cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) will persist in the aquatic environment and bioaccumulate in fish. Here these cVMS were measured in herring collected in the Swedish waters of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea and in grey seals from the Baltic Proper. D4, D5, and D6 were present in herring muscle at concentrations around 10, 200, and 40ngg(-1) lipid weight, respectively. The ratio of these concentrations was similar to the relative magnitude of estimated emissions to water, suggesting that the efficiency of overall transfer through the environment and food web was similar (within a factor 2-3) for the three chemicals. The concentrations of D5 and D6 were similar in herring caught in the highly populated Baltic Proper and in the less populated Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay. The D4 concentrations were lower at the most remote northern station, suggesting that D4 is less persistent than D5 and D6. Herring from the North Sea had lower levels of all three chemicals. The concentrations of D4, D5 and D6 in grey seal blubber were lower than the lipid normalized concentrations in herring, indicating that they do not biomagnify in grey seals. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Potential Cost Savings with 3D Printing Combined With 3D Imaging and CPLM for Fleet Maintenance and Revitalization

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-01

1 Potential Cost Savings with 3D Printing Combined With 3D Imaging and CPLM for Fleet Maintenance and Revitalization David N. Ford...2014 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Potential Cost Savings with 3D Printing Combined With 3D Imaging and CPLM for Fleet Maintenance and Revitalization 5a...Manufacturing ( 3D printing ) 2 Research Context Problem: Learning curve savings forecasted in SHIPMAIN maintenance initiative have not materialized

Insertion torque in different bone models with different screw pitch: an in vitro study.

PubMed

Orlando, Bruno; Barone, Antonio; Giorno, Thierry M; Giacomelli, Luca; Tonelli, Paolo; Covani, Ugo

2010-01-01

Orthopedic surgeons use different types of screws for bone fixation. Whereas hard cortical bone requires a screw with a fine pitch, in softer cancellous bone a wider pitch might help prevent micromotion and eventually lead to greater implant stability. The aim of this study was to validate the assumption that fine-pitch implants are appropriate for cortical bone and wide-pitch implants are appropriate for cancellous bone. Wide-pitch and fine-pitch implants were inserted in both hard (D1 and D2) bone and soft (D3 and D4) bone, which was simulated by separate experimental blocks of cellular rigid polyurethane foam. A series of insertion sites in D1-D2 and D3-D4 experimental blocks were prepared using 1.5-mm and 2.5-mm drills. The final torque required to insert each implant was recorded. Wide-pitch implants displayed greater insertion torque (20% more than the fine-pitch implants) in cancellous bone and were therefore more suitable than fine-pitch implants. It is more appropriate to use a fine pitch design for implants, in conjunction with a 2.5-mm osteotomy site, in dense cortical bone (D1 or D2), whereas it is recommended to choose a wide-pitch design for implants, in conjunction with a 1.5-mm osteotomy site, in softer bone (D3 or D4).
Microsolvated Model for the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Glycosidic Bond Dissociative Cleavage of Nucleoside D4G.

PubMed

Jiang, Yang; Xue, Ying; Zeng, Yi

2018-02-15

Using the microsolvated model that involves explicit water molecules and implicit solvent in the optimization, two proposed dissociative hydrolysis mechanisms of 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine (d4G) have been first investigated by means of M06-2X(CPCM, water)/6-31++G(d,p) method. The glycosidic bond dissociation for the generation of the oxacarbenium ion intermediate is the rate-determining step (RDS). The subsequent nucleophilic water attack from different side of the oxacarbenium ion intermediate gives either the α-product [(2S,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-ol] or β-product [(2R,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-ol] and is thus referred to as α-path (inversion) and β-path (retention). Two to five explicit water molecules (n = 2-5) are considered in the microsolvated model, and n = 3 or 4 is the smallest model capable of minimizing the activation energy for α-path and β-path, respectively. Our theoretical results suggest that α-path (n = 3) is more kinetically favorable with lower free energy barrier (RDS) of 27.7 kcal mol -1 , in contrast to that of 30.7 kcal mol -1 for the β-path (n = 4). The kinetic preference of the α-path is rationalized by NBO analysis. Whereas thte β-path is more thermodynamically favorable over the α-path, where the formation of β-product and α-product are exergonic and endergonic, respectively, providing theoretical support for the experimental observation that the β-cleavage product was the major one after sufficient reaction time. Comparisons of d4G with analogous cyclo-d4G and dG from kinetic free energy barriers and thermodynamic heterolytic dissociation energies were also carried out. Our kinetic and thermodynamic results manifest that the order of glycosidic bond stability should be d4G < cyclo-d4G < dG, which agrees well with the reported experimental stability order of d4G compounds and analogues and gives further understanding on the influence of 6-cyclopropylamino and unsaturated ribose to the glycosidic bond instability of d4G.
5-Acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-L-glycero-L-manno-non-2-ulosonic acid-containing O-polysaccharide from marine bacterium Pseudomonas glareae KMM 9500T.

PubMed

Kokoulin, Maxim S; Kalinovsky, Anatoly I; Romanenko, Lyudmila A; Mikhailov, Valery V

2018-05-22

The O-polysaccharide was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of a marine bacterium Pseudomonas glareae KMM 9500 T and studied by chemical methods along with 1D and 2D 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy including 1 H, 1 H-TOCSY, 1 H, 1 H-COSY, 1 H, 1 H-ROESY, 1 H, 13 C-HSQC and 1 H, 13 C-HMBC experiments. The O-polysaccharide was found to consist of linear tetrasaccharide repeating units constituted by D-glucuronic acid (D-GlcA), L-rhamnose (L-Rha), D-glucose (D-Glc) and 5-acetamido-7,9-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethylidene]-3,5-dideoxy-L-glycero-L-manno-non-2-ulosonic acid (Sug7,9(S-Pyr)), partially O-acetylated at position 8 (∼70%): →4)-α-D-GlcpA-(1→3)-β-L-Rhap-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-β-Sugp8Ac(∼70%)7,9(S-Pyr)-(2→. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 enzyme neuroprotects against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells

PubMed Central

Mann, Amandeep; Tyndale, Rachel F.

2016-01-01

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 is an enzyme that is expressed in liver and brain. It can inactivate neurotoxins such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and β-carbolines. Genetically slow CYP2D6 metabolizers are at higher risk for developing Parkinson’s disease, a risk that increases with exposure to pesticides. The goal of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective role of CYP2D6 in an in-vitro neurotoxicity model. SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells express CYP2D6 as determined by western blotting, immunocytochemistry and enzymatic activity. CYP2D6 metabolized 3-[2-(N,N-diethyl-N-methylammonium)ethyl]-7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin and the CYP2D6-specific inhibitor quinidine (1 μM) blocked 96 ± 1% of this metabolism, indicating that CYP2D6 is functional in this cell line. Treatment of cells with CYP2D6 inhibitors (quinidine, propanolol, metoprolol or timolol) at varying concentrations significantly increased the neurotoxicity caused by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) at 10 and 25 μM by between 9 ± 1 and 22 ± 5% (P < 0.01). We found that CYP3A is also expressed in SH-SY5Y cells and inhibiting CYP3A with ketoconazole significantly increased the cell death caused by 10 and 25 μM of MPP+ by between 8 ± 1 and 30 ± 3% (P < 0.001). Inhibiting both CYP2D6 and CYP3A showed an additive effect on MPP+ neurotoxicity. These data further support a possible role for CYP2D6 in neuroprotection from Parkinson’s disease-causing neurotoxins, especially in the human brain where expression of CYP2D6 is high in some regions (e.g. substantia nigra). PMID:20345925
Triterpene glycosides from the tubers of Anemone coronaria.

PubMed

Mimaki, Yoshihiro; Watanabe, Kazuki; Matsuo, Yukiko; Sakagami, Hiroshi

2009-07-01

Six new triterpene glycosides (1-6), together with 11 known ones (7-17), have been isolated from a glycoside-enriched fraction prepared from the tubers of Anemone coronaria L. (Ranunculaceae). On the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR data, and the results of hydrolytic cleavage, the structures of 1-6 were determined to be 3beta-[(O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-2beta,23-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (1), 3beta-[(O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-23-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (2), 3beta-[(O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-23-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (3), 3beta-[(O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-2beta,23-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (4), 3beta-[(O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-2beta-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (5), and 3beta-[(O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-23-hydroxyolean-18-en-28-oic acid O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (6), respectively. Furthermore, the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against HSC-2 cells.
Computation of Femoral Canine Morphometric Parameters in Three-Dimensional Geometrical Models.

PubMed

Savio, Gianpaolo; Baroni, Teresa; Concheri, Gianmaria; Baroni, Ermenegildo; Meneghello, Roberto; Longo, Federico; Isola, Maurizio

2016-11-01

To define and validate a method for the measurement of 3-dimensional (3D) morphometric parameters in polygonal mesh models of canine femora. Ex vivo/computerized model. Sixteen femora from 8 medium to large-breed canine cadavers (mean body weight 28.3 kg, mean age 5.3 years). Femora were measured with a 3D scanner, obtaining 3D meshes. A computer-aided design-based (CAD) software tool was purposely developed, which allowed automatic calculation of morphometric parameters on a mesh model. Anatomic and mechanical lateral proximal femoral angles (aLPFA and mLPFA), anatomic and mechanical lateral distal femoral angles (aLDFA and mLDFA), femoral neck angle (FNA), femoral torsion angle (FTA), and femoral varus angle (FVA) were measured in 3D space. Angles were also measured onto projected planes and radiographic images. Mean (SD) femoral angles (degrees) measured in 3D space were: aLPFA 115.2 (3.9), mLPFA 105.5 (4.2), aLDFA 88.6 (4.5), mLDFA 93.4 (3.9), FNA 129.6 (4.3), FTA 45 (4.5), and FVA -1.4 (4.5). Onto projection planes, aLPFA was 103.7 (5.9), mLPFA 98.4 (5.3), aLDFA 88.3 (5.5), mLDFA 93.6 (4.2), FNA 132.1 (3.5), FTA 19.1 (5.7), and FVA -1.7 (5.5). With radiographic imaging, aLPFA was 109.6 (5.9), mLPFA 105.3 (5.2), aLDFA 92.6 (3.8), mLDFA 96.9 (2.9), FNA 120.2 (8.0), FTA 30.2 (5.7), and FVA 2.6 (3.8). The proposed method gives reliable and consistent information about 3D bone conformation. Results are obtained automatically and depend only on femur morphology, avoiding any operator-related bias. Angles in 3D space are different from those measured with standard radiographic methods, mainly due to the different definition of femoral axes. © Copyright 2016 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
Occurrence and seasonality of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in Arctic air.

PubMed

Krogseth, Ingjerd S; Kierkegaard, Amelie; McLachlan, Michael S; Breivik, Knut; Hansen, Kaj M; Schlabach, Martin

2013-01-02

Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) are present in technical applications and personal care products. They are predicted to undergo long-range atmospheric transport, but measurements of cVMS in remote areas remain scarce. An active air sampling method for decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) was further evaluated to include hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6). Air samples were collected at the Zeppelin observatory in the remote Arctic (79° N, 12° E) with an average sampling time of 81 ± 23 h in late summer (August-October) and 25 ± 10 h in early winter (November-December) 2011. The average concentrations of D5 and D6 in late summer were 0.73 ± 0.31 and 0.23 ± 0.17 ng/m(3), respectively, and 2.94 ± 0.46 and 0.45 ± 0.18 ng/m(3) in early winter, respectively. Detection of D5 and D6 in the Arctic atmosphere confirms their long-range atmospheric transport. The D5 measurements agreed well with predictions from a Eulerian atmospheric chemistry-transport model, and seasonal variability was explained by the seasonality in the OH radical concentrations. These results extend our understanding of the atmospheric fate of D5 to high latitudes, but question the levels of D3 and D4 that have previously been measured at Zeppelin with passive air samplers.
Joint Oil Analysis Program Spectrometer Standards SCP Science (Conostan) Qualification Report for D19-0, D3-100, and D12-XXX Series Standards

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-20

Joint Oil Analysis Program Spectrometer Standards SCP Science (Conostan) Qualification Report For D19-0, D3-100, and D12- XXX Series Standards NF...Candidate Type D19-0 ICP-AES Results ..................................................................... 4 Table V. Candidate Type D12- XXX ...Physical Property Results .................................................. 5 Table VI. Candidate Type D12- XXX Rotrode-AES Results
Combination of 2D/3D ligand-based similarity search in rapid virtual screening from multimillion compound repositories. Selection and biological evaluation of potential PDE4 and PDE5 inhibitors.

PubMed

Dobi, Krisztina; Hajdú, István; Flachner, Beáta; Fabó, Gabriella; Szaszkó, Mária; Bognár, Melinda; Magyar, Csaba; Simon, István; Szisz, Dániel; Lőrincz, Zsolt; Cseh, Sándor; Dormán, György

2014-05-28

Rapid in silico selection of target focused libraries from commercial repositories is an attractive and cost effective approach. If structures of active compounds are available rapid 2D similarity search can be performed on multimillion compound databases but the generated library requires further focusing by various 2D/3D chemoinformatics tools. We report here a combination of the 2D approach with a ligand-based 3D method (Screen3D) which applies flexible matching to align reference and target compounds in a dynamic manner and thus to assess their structural and conformational similarity. In the first case study we compared the 2D and 3D similarity scores on an existing dataset derived from the biological evaluation of a PDE5 focused library. Based on the obtained similarity metrices a fusion score was proposed. The fusion score was applied to refine the 2D similarity search in a second case study where we aimed at selecting and evaluating a PDE4B focused library. The application of this fused 2D/3D similarity measure led to an increase of the hit rate from 8.5% (1st round, 47% inhibition at 10 µM) to 28.5% (2nd round at 50% inhibition at 10 µM) and the best two hits had 53 nM inhibitory activities.
[A new eremophilane derivative from Senecio dianthus].

PubMed

Han, He-Dong; Hu, Hai-Qing; Li, Yan; Wang, Xiao-Ling

2013-10-01

A new eremophilane derivative, 4,5,11-trimethyl-9( 10), 7 ( 11) -eremophiladien-8-keto-12-carboxylic acid-beta-D-glucopyranoside( which named dianthuside A) 1 and four known compounds, 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-flavonone-3-0-beta-D-glucoside (2), quercetin-3-0-beta-D-glucoside(3) ,hyperin(4) and rutin(5) have been isolated from the aerial part of Senecio dianthus. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data analysis. Compounds 2, 4 and 5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Intra-operative electron beam radiotherapy and abdomino-pelvic surgery for cancer: influence on immunological parameters.

PubMed

Bussières, E; Richaud, P; Gualde, N

1992-10-01

Evolution of some immunological parameters was observed during the first month in 20 patients with different abdomino-pelvic cancers who underwent surgery with intra-operative radiation therapy (IORT) (mean dose of 19.44 Gy, range 15, 25). Observed parameters before (DO-) and after procedure (DO+), on seventh (D7) and fourteenth (D14) days and fifth week (D30) were: lymphocyte count, lymphocyte subsets (CD19, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56), natural killer (NK) activity, immunoglobulins, C3 and C4b fractions of complement, soluble receptor for interleukin 2 (sIL2-R). Results showed a decrease of circulating lymphocytes (DO-: 1189 +/- 168 cells/mm3; D7: 889 +/- 91; P = 0.011), of absolute number of CD3 lymphocytes (DO-: 785 +/- 114 cells/mm3; D7: 563 +/- 86; P = 0.025), of CD4 lymphocytes (DO-: 441 +/- 70 cells/mm3; DO+: 299 +/- 43; P = 0.013) and of CD8 lymphocytes (DO-:361 +/- 50 cells/mm3, D7:250 +/- 44; P = 0.006). All values returned towards preoperative levels by D30. Absolute number of NK cells was unchanged but NK activity was significantly diminished (effector target ratio 5:1 DO-:33 +/- 5%; DO+:44 +/- 7%; D7:18 +/- 3%; D14:21 +/- 4%; D30:25 +/- 4%). sIL2-R was significantly enhanced from D7 to D30. All these impairments are moderate and these observations provide some evidence of satisfactory tolerance to IORT for abdomino-pelvic cancers during the immediate postoperative period.
Critically Evaluated Energy Levels, Spectral Lines, Transition Probabilities, and Intensities of Singly Ionized Vanadium (V II)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saloman, Edward B.; Kramida, Alexander

2017-08-01

The energy levels, observed spectral lines, and transition probabilities of singly ionized vanadium, V II, have been compiled. The experimentally derived energy levels belong to the configurations 3d 4, 3d 3 ns (n = 4, 5, 6), 3d 3 np, and 3d 3 nd (n = 4, 5), 3d 34f, 3d 24s 2, and 3d 24s4p. Also included are values for some forbidden lines that may be of interest to the astrophysical community. Experimental Landé g-factors and leading percentages for the levels are included when available, as well as Ritz wavelengths calculated from the energy levels. Wavelengths and transition probabilities are reported for 3568 and 1896 transitions, respectively. From the list of observed wavelengths, 407 energy levels are determined. The observed intensities, normalized to a common scale, are provided. From the newly optimized energy levels, a revised value for the ionization energy is derived, 118,030(60) cm-1, corresponding to 14.634(7) eV. This is 130 cm-1 higher than the previously recommended value from Iglesias et al.
TU-F-12A-05: Sensitivity of Textural Features to 3D Vs. 4D FDG-PET/CT Imaging in NSCLC Patients

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, F; Nyflot, M; Bowen, S

2014-06-15

Purpose: Neighborhood Gray-level difference matrices (NGLDM) based texture parameters extracted from conventional (3D) 18F-FDG PET scans in patients with NSCLC have been previously shown to associate with response to chemoradiation and poorer patient outcome. However, the change in these parameters when utilizing respiratory-correlated (4D) FDG-PET scans has not yet been characterized for NSCLC. The Objectives: of this study was to assess the extent to which NGLDM-based texture parameters on 4D PET images vary with reference to values derived from 3D scans in NSCLC. Methods: Eight patients with newly diagnosed NSCLC treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy were included in this study. 4Dmore » PET scans were reconstructed with OSEM-IR in 5 respiratory phase-binned images and corresponding CT data of each phase were employed for attenuation correction. NGLDM-based texture features, consisting of coarseness, contrast, busyness, complexity and strength, were evaluated for gross tumor volumes defined on 3D/4D PET scans by radiation oncologists. Variation of the obtained texture parameters over the respiratory cycle were examined with respect to values extracted from 3D scans. Results: Differences between texture parameters derived from 4D scans at different respiratory phases and those extracted from 3D scans ranged from −30% to 13% for coarseness, −12% to 40% for contrast, −5% to 50% for busyness, −7% to 38% for complexity, and −43% to 20% for strength. Furthermore, no evident correlations were observed between respiratory phase and 4D scan texture parameters. Conclusion: Results of the current study showed that NGLDM-based texture parameters varied considerably based on choice of 3D PET and 4D PET reconstruction of NSCLC patient images, indicating that standardized image acquisition and analysis protocols need to be established for clinical studies, especially multicenter clinical trials, intending to validate prognostic values of texture features for NSCLC.« less
A new phenylpropanoid and an alkylglycoside from Piper retrofractum leaves with their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

PubMed

Luyen, Bui Thi Thuy; Tai, Bui Huu; Thao, Nguyen Phuong; Yang, Seo Young; Cuong, Nguyen Manh; Kwon, Young In; Jang, Hae Dong; Kim, Young Ho

2014-09-01

Two new compounds, piperoside (1) and isoheptanol 2(S)-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), along with 10 known compounds 3,4-dihydroxyallylbenzene (2), 1,2-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4-allylbenzene (3), tachioside (4), benzyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), icariside F2 (6), dihydrovomifoliol-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), isopropyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), isopropyl primeveroside (9), n-butyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), isoheptanol 2(S)-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12), were isolated from the leaves of Piper retrofractum. Their structures were determined from 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS spectral, a modified Mosher's method, and comparisons with previous reports. All of the isolated compounds showed modest α-glucosidase inhibitory (4.60±1.74% to 11.97±3.30%) and antioxidant activities under the tested conditions. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Factors Influencing Dislodgeable 2, 4-D Plant Residues from Hybrid Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. x C. transvaalensis) Athletic Fields

PubMed Central

Ahmed, Khalied A.; Breeden, Gregory K.

2016-01-01

Research to date has confirmed 2,4-D residues may dislodge from turfgrass; however, experiments have not been conducted on hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. x C. transvaalensis), the most common athletic field turfgrass in subtropical climates. More specifically, previous research has not investigated the effect of post-application irrigation on dislodgeable 2,4-D residues from hybrid bermudagrass and across turfgrass species, research has been nondescript regarding sample time within a d (TWD) or conducted in the afternoon when the turfgrass canopy is dry, possibly underestimating potential for dislodgement. The effect of irrigation and TWD on 2,4-D dislodgeability was investigated. Dislodgeable 2,4-D amine was reduced > 300% following irrigation. From 2 to 7 d after treatment (DAT), ≤ 0.5% of applied 2,4-D was dislodged from irrigated turfgrass, while ≤ 2.3% of applied 2,4-D was dislodged when not irrigated. 2,4-D dislodgeability decreased as TWD increased. Dislodgeable 2,4-D residues declined to < 0.1% of the applied at 1 DAT– 13:00, and increased to 1 to 3% of the applied 2 DAT– 5:00, suggesting 2,4-D re-suspended on treated turfgrass vegetation overnight. In conclusion, irrigating treated turfgrass reduced dislodgeable 2,4-D. 2,4-D dislodgeability increased as TWD decreased, which was attributed to non-precipitation climatic conditions favoring turfgrass canopy wetness. This research will improve turfgrass management practices and research designed to minimize human 2,4-D exposure. PMID:26863005
Fish Oil Supplementation Alleviates the Altered Lipid Homeostasis in Blood, Liver, and Adipose Tissues in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats.

PubMed

Chiu, Chen-Yuan; Wang, Lou-Pin; Liu, Shing-Hwa; Chiang, Meng-Tsan

2018-04-25

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of fish oil on the signals of lipid metabolism involved in hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride influx and excretion in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Fish oil (FO) repressed body (HFD, 533 ± 18.2 g; HFD+FO, 488 ± 28.0 g, p < 0.05) and liver weights (HFD, 5.7 ± 0.6 g/100 g of body weight; HFD+FO, 4.8 ± 0.4 g/100 g of body weight, p < 0.05) in HFD-fed rats. Fish oil could also improve HFD-induced imbalance of lipid metabolism in blood, liver, and adipose tissues including the significant decreases in plasma and liver total cholesterol (TC) (plasma-HFD, 113 ± 33.6 mg/dL; HFD+FO, 50.0 ± 5.95 mg/dL, p < 0.05; liver-HFD, 102 ± 13.0 mg/dL; HFD+FO, 86.6 ± 7.81 mg/dL, p < 0.05), blood, liver, and adipose triglyceride (TG) (blood-HFD, 52.5 ± 20.4 mg/dL; HFD+FO, 29.8 ± 4.30 mg/dL, p < 0.05; liver-HFD, 56.2 ± 10.0 mg/dL; HFD+FO, 30.3 ± 5.28 mg/dL, p < 0.05; adipose-HFD, 614 ± 73.2 mg/dL; HFD+FO, 409 ± 334 mg/dL, p < 0.05), and low density (HFD, 79.8 ± 40.9 mg/dL; HFD+FO, 16.6 ± 5.47 mg/dL, p < 0.05) and very-low-density (HFD, 49.7 ± 33.3 mg/dL; HFD+FO, 10.4 ± 3.45 mg/dL, p < 0.05) lipoprotein and the significant increases in fecal TC (HFD, 12.2 ± 0.67 mg/dL; HFD+FO, 16.3 ± 2.04 mg/dL, p < 0.05) and TG (HFD, 2.09 ± 0.10 mg/dL; HFD+FO, 2.38 ± 0.22 mg/dL, p < 0.05) and lipoprotein lipase activity of adipose tissues (HFD, 16.6 ± 3.64 μM p-nitrophenol; HFD+FO, 24.5 ± 4.19 μM p-nitrophenol, p < 0.05). Moreover, fish oil significantly activated the protein expressions of hepatic lipid metabolism regulators (AMPKα and PPARα) and significantly regulated the lipid-transport-related signaling molecules (ApoE, MTTP, ApoB, Angptl4, ApoCIII, ACOX1, and SREBPF1) in blood or liver of HFD-fed rats. These results suggest that fish oil supplementation improves HFD-induced imbalance of lipid homeostasis in blood, liver, and adipose tissues in rats.
Property study of poly nitro compounds of cis-syn-cis-2, 6-dioxodecahydro-lH, 5H-diimidazo [4, 5-b: 4', 5'-e] pyrazine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yang; Xu, Zhibin; Xu, Yudong; Xu, Liang; Meng, Zihui

2017-03-01

Poly nitro group substituted cis-syn-cis-2, 6-dioxodecahydro-lH, 5H-diimidazo [4, 5-b: 4', 5'-e] pyrazine derivatives are synthesized by modified method and adequately characterized. All compounds have good performance both in density (ρ> 1.85 g/cm3) and high detonation velocity (vD > 8800 m/s, calculated). Some representative compounds, for example, 4 (vD: 9405 ms-1; P: 41.6 GPa) and 5 (vD:9781 ms-1; P: 45.6 GPa) exhibit excellent detonation performances, which are comparable with current energetic compounds such as RDX (vD: 8724 ms-1; P: 35.2 GPa) and HMX (vD:9059 ms-1; P: 39.2 GPa). Considering the sensitivity increasing with the number of nitro group, two componds with tetranitro groups (2 and 3) are worthy of deep research.
An Analysis of the Max-Min Texture Measure.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-01-01

PANC 33 D2 Confusion Matrices for Scene A, IR 34 D3 Confusion Matrices for Scene B, PANC 35 D4 Confusion Matrices for Scene B, IR 36 D5 Confusion...Matrices for Scene C, PANC 37 D6 Confusion Matrices for Scene C, IR 38 D7 Confusion Matrices for Scene E, PANC 39 D8 Confusion Matrices for Scene E, IR 40...D9 Confusion Matrices for Scene H, PANC 41 DIO Confusion Matrices for Scene H, JR 42 3 .D 10CnuinMtie o cn ,IR4 AN ANALYSIS OF THE MAX-MIN TEXTURE
Two new steroidal saponins from Tribulus terrestris L.

PubMed

Liu, Tao; Lu, Xuan; Wu, Biao; Chen, Gang; Hua, Hui-Ming; Pei, Yue-Hu

2010-01-01

Two new steroidal saponins were isolated from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris L. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical analysis as (23S,24R,25R)-5alpha-spirostane-3beta,23,24-triol-3-O-{alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside} (1) and (23S,24R,25S)-5alpha-spirostane-3beta,23,24-triol-3-O-{alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside} (2).
SU-F-P-32: A Phantom Study of Accuracy of Four-Dimensional Cone-Beam CT (4D-CBCT) Vs. Three-Dimensional Cone Beam CT (3D-CBCT) in Image Guided Radiotherapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

He, R; Morris, B; Duggar, N

2016-06-15

Purpose: SymmetryTM 4D IGRT system of Elekta has been installed at our institution, which offers the 4D CBCT registration option. This study is to evaluate the accuracy of 4D CBCT system by using the CIRS 4D motion phantom and to perform a feasibility study on the implementation of 4D-CBCT as image guidance for SBRT treatment. Methods: The 3D and 4D CT image data sets are acquired using the CIRS motion phantom on a Philips large bore CT simulator. The motion was set as 0.5 cm superior and inferior directions with 6 seconds recycle time. The 4D CT data were sortedmore » as 10 phases. One identifiable part of the 4D CT QA insert from CIRS phantom was used as the target. The ITV MIP was drawn based on maximum intensity projection (MIP) and transferred as a planning structure into 4D CBCT system. Then the 3D CBCT and 4D CBCT images were taken and registered with the free breath (3D), MIP (4D) and average intensity projection (AIP)(4D) reference data sets. The couch shifts (X, Y, Z) are recorded and compared. Results: Table 1 listed the twelve couch shifts based on the registration of MIP, AIP and free breath CT data sets with 3D CBCT and 4D CBCT for both whole body and local registration. X, Y and Z represent couch shifts in the direction of the right-left, superior-inferior and anterior-posterior. The biggest differences of 0.73 cm and 0.57 cm are noted in the free breath CT data with 4D CBCT and 3D CBCT data registration. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are the shift analysis in diagram. Fig. 3 shows the registration. Conclusion: Significant differences exist in the shifts corresponding with the direction of target motion. Further investigations are ongoing.« less

Fresno Air Terminal, California. Revised Uniform Summary of Surface Weather Observations (RUSSWO). Parts A-F

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-15

34 *,"- *< " + "-o:"- I *13 C. -"-d+J °0 ’ A4 *+ *" - "~ ._______+: .+ ..G+ ., .2+ .- + tD .: rrgC 67 .. .+ .- -- T C’ TRAC 690 l1ei1. -+ _ *d ef . 5 .t CU L...3;M’d4 JitrET&: SURFACE WINDS 11 Z TD ,T-.[ 5IVIIE/A: PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED (FROM HOURLY OBSEVATIONS) STATIO1N V"AT O NAM...041.5 (OL.A) PNvICUs contom1co tins JooN om ossouiti A I - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -_ _ _ _ U : LI4& TD ...3SY 3RA4𔃾 -211
Optical properties of Eu3+ & Tb3+ ions doped alkali oxide (Li2O/ Na2O/ K2O) modified boro phosphate glasses for red, green lasers and display device applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moulika, G.; Sailaja, S.; Reddy, B. Naveen Kumar; Reddy, V. Sahadeva; Dhoble, S. J.; Reddy, B. Sudhakar

2018-04-01

In this article we report on alkali oxide modified borophosphate glasses doped with Eu3+and Tb3+ ions, with the chemical composition of 69.5 B2O3+10P2O5 + 10CaF2 + 5 Li2O+ 5ZnO+ R+ 0.5 Eu2O3 [where R = 5 (LiO2/Na2O/K2O)] have been prepared by conventional melt quenching technique, and the spectroscopic properties of the prepared glasses have been studied by XRD, Optical absorption, excitation and emission spectral analysis. XRD spectrum of the glasses have shown the amorphous nature of the glasses. The red emission corresponding to 5D0 → 7F2 (613 nm) transition was observed under the excitation of 394 nm wavelength, corresponding to Eu3+ ions, for all the prepared glasses. For Eu3+ ion doped glasses, emission bands were observed, such as; 5D1→ 7F1 (538 nm), 5D0→ 7F0 (580 nm), 5D0→ 7F1 (592 nm), 5D0→ 7F2 (613 nm), 5D0→ 7F3 (613 nm) and 5D0→ 7F4 (702 nm) are identified. In the case of Tb3+ ion doped glasses, four emission lines were observed, such as 5D4→ (7F6, 7F5, 7F4), which are located at 489 nm, 545 nm and 585 nm, respectively, after the samples were excited with 376 nm ultraviolet source. The green emission corresponding to 5D4 → 7F5 (543 nm) transition was observed under excitation wavelength 376 nm of the Tb3+ ions for all the prepared glasses. For all these emission bands, the decay curves were recorded to evaluate the emission life times. The mechanism underlying the observed emission from the glasses was explained in terms of energy levels.
4D-Listmode-PET-CT and 4D-CT for optimizing PTV margins in gastric lymphoma : Determination of intra- and interfractional gastric motion.

PubMed

Reinartz, Gabriele; Haverkamp, Uwe; Wullenkord, Ramona; Lehrich, Philipp; Kriz, Jan; Büther, Florian; Schäfers, Klaus; Schäfers, Michael; Eich, Hans Theodor

2016-05-01

New imaging protocols for radiotherapy in localized gastric lymphoma were evaluated to optimize planning target volume (PTV) margin and determine intra-/interfractional variation of the stomach. Imaging of 6 patients was explored prospectively. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) planning was based on 4D/3D imaging of computed tomography (CT) and positron-emission tomography (PET)-CT. Static and motion gross tumor volume (sGTV and mGTV, respectively) were distinguished by defining GTV (empty stomach), clinical target volume (CTV = GTV + 5 mm margin), PTV (GTV + 10/15/20/25 mm margins) plus paraaortic lymph nodes and proximal duodenum. Overlap of 4D-Listmode-PET-based mCTV with 3D-CT-based PTV (increasing margins) and V95/D95 of mCTV were evaluated. Gastric shifts were determined using online cone-beam CT. Dose contribution to organs at risk was assessed. The 4D data demonstrate considerable intra-/interfractional variation of the stomach, especially along the vertical axis. Conventional 3D-CT planning utilizing advancing PTV margins of 10/15/20/25 mm resulted in rising dose coverage of mCTV (4D-Listmode-PET-Summation-CT) and rising D95 and V95 of mCTV. A PTV margin of 15 mm was adequate in 3 of 6 patients, a PTV margin of 20 mm was adequate in 4 of 6 patients, and a PTV margin of 25 mm was adequate in 5 of 6 patients. IMRT planning based on 4D-PET-CT/4D-CT together with online cone-beam CT is advisable to individualize the PTV margin and optimize target coverage in gastric lymphoma.
Crystal structures of D-tagatose 3-epimerase from Pseudomonas cichorii and its complexes with D-tagatose and D-fructose.

PubMed

Yoshida, Hiromi; Yamada, Mitsugu; Nishitani, Takeyori; Takada, Goro; Izumori, Ken; Kamitori, Shigehiro

2007-11-23

Pseudomonas cichoriiid-tagatose 3-epimerase (P. cichoriid-TE) can efficiently catalyze the epimerization of not only d-tagatose to d-sorbose, but also d-fructose to d-psicose, and is used for the production of d-psicose from d-fructose. The crystal structures of P. cichoriid-TE alone and in complexes with d-tagatose and d-fructose were determined at resolutions of 1.79, 2.28, and 2.06 A, respectively. A subunit of P. cichoriid-TE adopts a (beta/alpha)(8) barrel structure, and a metal ion (Mn(2+)) found in the active site is coordinated by Glu152, Asp185, His211, and Glu246 at the end of the beta-barrel. P. cichoriid-TE forms a stable dimer to give a favorable accessible surface for substrate binding on the front side of the dimer. The simulated omit map indicates that O2 and O3 of d-tagatose and/or d-fructose coordinate Mn(2+), and that C3-O3 is located between carboxyl groups of Glu152 and Glu246, supporting the previously proposed mechanism of deprotonation/protonation at C3 by two Glu residues. Although the electron density is poor at the 4-, 5-, and 6-positions of the substrates, substrate-enzyme interactions can be deduced from the significant electron density at O6. The O6 possibly interacts with Cys66 via hydrogen bonding, whereas O4 and O5 in d-tagatose and O4 in d-fructose do not undergo hydrogen bonding to the enzyme and are in a hydrophobic environment created by Phe7, Trp15, Trp113, and Phe248. Due to the lack of specific interactions between the enzyme and its substrates at the 4- and 5-positions, P. cichoriid-TE loosely recognizes substrates in this region, allowing it to efficiently catalyze the epimerization of d-tagatose and d-fructose (C4 epimer of d-tagatose) as well. Furthermore, a C3-O3 proton-exchange mechanism for P. cichoriid-TE is suggested by X-ray structural analysis, providing a clear explanation for the regulation of the ionization state of Glu152 and Glu246.
PLA Naval Aviation Training and Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-12-20

cr aft Ty p es,” Re n mi n H aij u n , 1 6 A pril 2 0 1 3, p. 3. 3 3 I bi d. 3 4 K o u Yo n g qi a n g, Li Yi mi n, a n d Li X u ef e n g, “ Ta k e...6 a e 4 d 0 d 6 c 1.s ht ml. C h e n Z h e, Z h u Weij u n, a n d Z h u Ya, “ Yo u n g Offi c ers a n d E nlist e d Pers o n n el i n a N ort h S e a...ct o b er 2 0 1 4 , p. 3. MI S SI O N S, O R G A NI Z A TI O N A L S T R U C T U R E, A N D T R AI NI N G ( 2 0 1 3- 1 5) 8 5 K o u Yo n g qi a n g
Degradation kinetics of a potent antifouling agent, butenolide, under various environmental conditions.

PubMed

Chen, Lianguo; Xu, Ying; Wang, Wenxiong; Qian, Pei-Yuan

2015-01-01

Here, we investigated the degradation kinetics of butenolide, a promising antifouling compound, under various environmental conditions. The active ingredient of the commercial antifoulant SeaNine 211, 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT), was used as positive control. The results showed that the degradation rate increased with increasing temperature. Half-lives of butenolide at 4 °C, 25 °C and 40 °C were>64 d, 30.5 d and 3.9 d, respectively. Similar half-lives were recorded for DCOIT: >64 d at 4 °C, 27.9 d at 25 °C and 4.5d at 40 °C. Exposure to sunlight accelerated the degradation of both butenolide and DCOIT. The photolysis half-lives of butenolide and DCOIT were 5.7 d and 6.8 d, respectively, compared with 9.7 d and 14.4 d for the dark control. Biodegradation led to the fastest rate of butenolide removal from natural seawater, with a half-life of 0.5 d, while no obvious degradation was observed for DCOIT after incubation for 4 d. The biodegradative ability of natural seawater for butenolide was attributed mainly to marine bacteria. During the degradation of butenolide and DCOIT, a gradual decrease in antifouling activity was observed, as indicated by the increased settlement percentage of cypris larvae from barnacle Balanus amphitrite. Besides, increased cell growth of marine diatom Skeletonema costatum demonstrated that the toxicity of seawater decreased gradually without generation of more toxic by-products. Overall, rapid degradation of butenolide in natural seawater supported its claim as a promising candidate for commercial antifouling industry. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Three-photon resonance ionization of atomic Mn in a hot-cavity laser ion source using Ti:sapphire lasers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Y.; Gottwald, T.; Mattolat, C.

We have demonstrated three-photon resonance ionization of atomic manganese (Mn) in a hot-cavity ion source using Ti: sapphire lasers. Three-step ionization schemes employing different intermediate levels and Rydberg or autoionizing (AI) states in the final ionization step are established. Strong AI resonances were observed via the 3d 54s5s f 6S 5/2 level at 49 415.35 cm -1, while Rydberg transitions were reached from the 3d 54s4d e 6D 9/2,7/2,5/2) levels at around 47 210 cm -1. Analyses of the strong Rydberg transitions associated with the 3d 54s4d e 6D 7/2 lower level indicate that they belong to the dipole-allowed 4dmore » → nf 6F° 9/2,7/2,5/2 series converging to the 3d 54s 7S 3 ground state of Mn II. From this series, an ionization potential of 59 959.56 ± 0.01 cm -1 is obtained for Mn. At high ion source temperatures the semi-forbidden 4d → nf 8 F°9/2,7/2,5/2 series was also observed. The overall ionization efficiency for Mn has been measured to be about 0.9% when using the strong AI transition in the third excitation step and 0.3% when employing an intense Rydberg transition. Experimental data indicate that the ionization efficiency was limited by the interaction of Mn atoms with ion source materials at high temperatures.« less
Three-photon resonance ionization of atomic Mn in a hot-cavity laser ion source using Ti:sapphire lasers

DOE PAGES

Liu, Y.; Gottwald, T.; Mattolat, C.; ...

2015-05-08

We have demonstrated three-photon resonance ionization of atomic manganese (Mn) in a hot-cavity ion source using Ti: sapphire lasers. Three-step ionization schemes employing different intermediate levels and Rydberg or autoionizing (AI) states in the final ionization step are established. Strong AI resonances were observed via the 3d 54s5s f 6S 5/2 level at 49 415.35 cm -1, while Rydberg transitions were reached from the 3d 54s4d e 6D 9/2,7/2,5/2) levels at around 47 210 cm -1. Analyses of the strong Rydberg transitions associated with the 3d 54s4d e 6D 7/2 lower level indicate that they belong to the dipole-allowed 4dmore » → nf 6F° 9/2,7/2,5/2 series converging to the 3d 54s 7S 3 ground state of Mn II. From this series, an ionization potential of 59 959.56 ± 0.01 cm -1 is obtained for Mn. At high ion source temperatures the semi-forbidden 4d → nf 8 F°9/2,7/2,5/2 series was also observed. The overall ionization efficiency for Mn has been measured to be about 0.9% when using the strong AI transition in the third excitation step and 0.3% when employing an intense Rydberg transition. Experimental data indicate that the ionization efficiency was limited by the interaction of Mn atoms with ion source materials at high temperatures.« less
Novel Super-Resolution Approach to Time-Resolved Volumetric 4-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging With High Spatiotemporal Resolution for Multi-Breathing Cycle Motion Assessment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Guang, E-mail: lig2@mskcc.org; Wei, Jie; Kadbi, Mo

Purpose: To develop and evaluate a super-resolution approach to reconstruct time-resolved 4-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (TR-4DMRI) with a high spatiotemporal resolution for multi-breathing cycle motion assessment. Methods and Materials: A super-resolution approach was developed to combine fast 3-dimensional (3D) cine MRI with low resolution during free breathing (FB) and high-resolution 3D static MRI during breath hold (BH) using deformable image registration. A T1-weighted, turbo field echo sequence, coronal 3D cine acquisition, partial Fourier approximation, and SENSitivity Encoding parallel acceleration were used. The same MRI pulse sequence, field of view, and acceleration techniques were applied in both FB and BH acquisitions;more » the intensity-based Demons deformable image registration method was used. Under an institutional review board–approved protocol, 7 volunteers were studied with 3D cine FB scan (voxel size: 5 × 5 × 5 mm{sup 3}) at 2 Hz for 40 seconds and a 3D static BH scan (2 × 2 × 2 mm{sup 3}). To examine the image fidelity of 3D cine and super-resolution TR-4DMRI, a mobile gel phantom with multi-internal targets was scanned at 3 speeds and compared with the 3D static image. Image similarity among 3D cine, 4DMRI, and 3D static was evaluated visually using difference image and quantitatively using voxel intensity correlation and Dice index (phantom only). Multi-breathing-cycle waveforms were extracted and compared in both phantom and volunteer images using the 3D cine as the references. Results: Mild imaging artifacts were found in the 3D cine and TR-4DMRI of the mobile gel phantom with a Dice index of >0.95. Among 7 volunteers, the super-resolution TR-4DMRI yielded high voxel-intensity correlation (0.92 ± 0.05) and low voxel-intensity difference (<0.05). The detected motion differences between TR-4DMRI and 3D cine were −0.2 ± 0.5 mm (phantom) and −0.2 ± 1.9 mm (diaphragms). Conclusion: Super-resolution TR-4DMRI has been reconstructed with adequate temporal (2 Hz) and spatial (2 × 2 × 2 mm{sup 3}) resolutions. Further TR-4DMRI characterization and improvement are necessary before clinical applications. Multi-breathing cycles can be examined, providing patient-specific breathing irregularities and motion statistics for future 4D radiation therapy.« less
Linking 1D Transition-Metal Coordination Polymers and Different Inorganic Boron Oxides To Construct a Series of 3D Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Borates.

PubMed

Zhi, Shao-Chen; Wang, Yue-Lin; Sun, Li; Cheng, Jian-Wen; Yang, Guo-Yu

2018-02-05

Three inorganic-organic hybrid borates, M(1,4-dab)[B 5 O 7 (OH) 3 ] [M = Zn (1), Cd (2), 1,4-dab = 1,4-diaminobutane)] and Co(1,3-dap)[B 4 O 7 ] (3, 1,3-dap = 1,3-diaminopropane), which integrated characteristics of 1D coordination polymers and 1D/3D inorganic boron oxides have been obtained under solvothermal conditions. Compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural and crystallize in a centrosymmetric space group P2 1 /c; the 3D achiral structures of 1 and 2 consist of the nonhelical Zn/Cd-1,4-dap coordination polymers and 1D B-O chains. Compound 3 crystallizes in a chiral space group P4 3 2 1 2; the helical Co-1,3-dap coordination polymer chains are entrained within a 3D B-O network and finally form the chiral framework. Compounds 1-3 represent good examples of using coordination polymers to construct mixed-motif inorganic-organic hybrid borates. Compounds 1 and 2 display blue luminescence when excited with UV light.
Creatine ( methyl-d3) dilution in urine for estimation of total body skeletal muscle mass: accuracy and variability vs. MRI and DXA.

PubMed

Clark, Richard V; Walker, Ann C; Miller, Ram R; O'Connor-Semmes, Robin L; Ravussin, Eric; Cefalu, William T

2018-01-01

A noninvasive method to estimate muscle mass based on creatine ( methyl-d 3 ) (D 3 -creatine) dilution using fasting morning urine was evaluated for accuracy and variability over a 3- to 4-mo period. Healthy older (67- to 80-yr-old) subjects ( n = 14) with muscle wasting secondary to aging and four patients with chronic disease (58-76 yr old) fasted overnight and then received an oral 30-mg dose of D 3 -creatine at 8 AM ( day 1). Urine was collected during 4 h of continued fasting and then at consecutive 4- to 8-h intervals through day 5. Assessment was repeated 3-4 mo later in 13 healthy subjects and 1 patient with congestive heart failure. Deuterated and unlabeled creatine and creatinine were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Total body creatine pool size and muscle mass were calculated from D 3 -creatinine enrichment in urine. Muscle mass was also measured by whole body MRI and 24-h urine creatinine, and lean body mass (LBM) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). D 3 -creatinine urinary enrichment from day 5 provided muscle mass estimates that correlated with MRI for all subjects ( r = 0.88, P < 0.0001), with less bias [difference from MRI = -3.00 ± 2.75 (SD) kg] than total LBM assessment by DXA, which overestimated muscle mass vs. MRI (+22.5 ± 3.7 kg). However, intraindividual variability was high with the D 3 -creatine dilution method, with intrasubject SD for estimated muscle mass of 2.5 kg vs. MRI (0.5 kg) and DXA (0.8 kg). This study supports further clinical validation of the D 3 -creatine method for estimating muscle mass. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Measurement of creatine ( methyl-d 3 ) (D 3 -creatine) and D 3 -creatinine excretion in fasted morning urine samples may be a simple, less costly alternative to MRI or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to calculate total body muscle mass. The D 3 -creatine enrichment method provides estimates of muscle mass that correlate well with MRI, and with less bias than DXA. However, intraindividual variability is high with the D 3 -creatine method. Studies to refine the spot urine sample method for estimation of muscle mass may be warranted.
Partial reactions of d-glucose 6-phosphate–1 l-myoinositol 1-phosphate cyclase

PubMed Central

Barnett, J. E. G.; Rasheed, A.; Corina, D. L.

1973-01-01

After removal of tightly bound NAD+ by using charcoal, a preparation of d-glucose 6-phosphate–1 l-myoinositol 1-phosphate cyclase catalysed the reduction of 5-keto-d-glucitol 6-phosphate and 5-keto-d-glucose 6-phosphate by [4-3H]NADH to give [5-3H]-glucitol 6-phosphate and [5-3H]glucose 6-phosphate respectively. The position of the tritium atom in the latter was shown by degradation. Both enzyme-catalysed reductions were strongly inhibited by 2-deoxy-d-glucose 6-phosphate, a powerful competitive inhibitor of inositol cyclase. The charcoal-treated enzyme preparation also converted 5-keto-d-glucose 6-phosphate into [3H]myoinositol 1-phosphate in the presence of [4-3H]NADH, but less effectively. These partial reactions of inositol cyclase are interpreted as providing strong evidence for the formation of 5-keto-d-glucose 6-phosphate as an enzyme-bound intermediate in the conversion of d-glucose 6-phosphate into 1 l-myoinositol 1-phosphate. The enzyme was partially inactivated by NaBH4 in the presence of NAD+. Glucose 6-phosphate did not increase the inactivation, and there was no inactivation in the absence of NAD+. There was no evidence for Schiff base formation during the cyclization. d-Glucitol 6-phosphate (l-sorbitol 1-phosphate) was a good inhibitor of the overall reaction. It did not inactivate the enzyme. The apparent molecular weight of inositol cyclase as determined by Sephadex chromatography was 2.15×105. PMID:4352864
The effects of simultaneous dual focus lenses on refractive development in infant monkeys.

PubMed

Arumugam, Baskar; Hung, Li-Fang; To, Chi-Ho; Holden, Brien; Smith, Earl L

2014-10-16

We investigated the effects of two simultaneously imposed, competing focal planes on refractive development in monkeys. Starting at 3 weeks of age and continuing until 150 ± 4 days of age, rhesus monkeys were reared with binocular dual-focus spectacle lenses. The treatment lenses had central 2-mm zones of zero power and concentric annular zones with alternating powers of +3.0 diopter [D] and plano (pL or 0 D) (n = 7; +3D/pL) or -3.0 D and plano (n = 7; -3D/pL). Retinoscopy, keratometry, and A-scan ultrasonography were performed every 2 weeks throughout the treatment period. For comparison purposes data were obtained from monkeys reared with full field (FF) +3.0 (n = 4) or -3.0 D (n = 5) lenses over both eyes and 33 control animals reared with unrestricted vision. The +3 D/pL lenses slowed eye growth resulting in hyperopic refractive errors that were similar to those produced by FF+3 D lenses (+3 D/pL = +5.25 D, FF +3 D = +4.63 D; P = 0.32), but significantly more hyperopic than those observed in control monkeys (+2.50 D, P = 0.0001). One -3 D/pL monkey developed compensating axial myopia; however, in the other -3 D/pL monkeys refractive development was dominated by the zero-powered portions of the treatment lenses. The refractive errors for the -3 D/pL monkeys were more hyperopic than those in the FF -3 D monkeys (-3 D/pL = +3.13 D, FF -3D = -1.69 D; P = 0.01), but similar to those in control animals (P = 0.15). In the monkeys treated with dual-focus lenses, refractive development was dominated by the more anterior (i.e., relatively myopic) image plane. The results indicate that imposing relative myopic defocus over a large proportion of the retina is an effective means for slowing ocular growth. Copyright 2014 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
The Effects of Simultaneous Dual Focus Lenses on Refractive Development in Infant Monkeys

PubMed Central

Arumugam, Baskar; Hung, Li-Fang; To, Chi-ho; Holden, Brien; Smith, Earl L.

2014-01-01

Purpose. We investigated the effects of two simultaneously imposed, competing focal planes on refractive development in monkeys. Methods. Starting at 3 weeks of age and continuing until 150 ± 4 days of age, rhesus monkeys were reared with binocular dual-focus spectacle lenses. The treatment lenses had central 2-mm zones of zero power and concentric annular zones with alternating powers of +3.0 diopter [D] and plano (pL or 0 D) (n = 7; +3D/pL) or −3.0 D and plano (n = 7; −3D/pL). Retinoscopy, keratometry, and A-scan ultrasonography were performed every 2 weeks throughout the treatment period. For comparison purposes data were obtained from monkeys reared with full field (FF) +3.0 (n = 4) or −3.0 D (n = 5) lenses over both eyes and 33 control animals reared with unrestricted vision. Results. The +3 D/pL lenses slowed eye growth resulting in hyperopic refractive errors that were similar to those produced by FF+3 D lenses (+3 D/pL = +5.25 D, FF +3 D = +4.63 D; P = 0.32), but significantly more hyperopic than those observed in control monkeys (+2.50 D, P = 0.0001). One −3 D/pL monkey developed compensating axial myopia; however, in the other −3 D/pL monkeys refractive development was dominated by the zero-powered portions of the treatment lenses. The refractive errors for the −3 D/pL monkeys were more hyperopic than those in the FF −3 D monkeys (−3 D/pL = +3.13 D, FF −3D = −1.69 D; P = 0.01), but similar to those in control animals (P = 0.15). Conclusions. In the monkeys treated with dual-focus lenses, refractive development was dominated by the more anterior (i.e., relatively myopic) image plane. The results indicate that imposing relative myopic defocus over a large proportion of the retina is an effective means for slowing ocular growth. PMID:25324283
3d-4f magnetic interaction with density functional theory plus u approach: local Coulomb correlation and exchange pathways.

PubMed

Zhang, Yachao; Yang, Yang; Jiang, Hong

2013-12-12

The 3d-4f exchange interaction plays an important role in many lanthanide based molecular magnetic materials such as single-molecule magnets and magnetic refrigerants. In this work, we study the 3d-4f magnetic exchange interactions in a series of Cu(II)-Gd(III) (3d(9)-4f(7)) dinuclear complexes based on the numerical atomic basis-norm-conserving pseudopotential method and density functional theory plus the Hubbard U correction approach (DFT+U). We obtain improved description of the 4f electrons by including the semicore 5s5p states in the valence part of the Gd-pseudopotential. The Hubbard U correction is employed to treat the strongly correlated Cu-3d and Gd-4f electrons, which significantly improve the agreement of the predicted exchange constants, J, with experiment, indicating the importance of accurate description of the local Coulomb correlation. The high efficiency of the DFT+U approach enables us to perform calculations with molecular crystals, which in general improve the agreement between theory and experiment, achieving a mean absolute error smaller than 2 cm(-1). In addition, through analyzing the physical effects of U, we identify two magnetic exchange pathways. One is ferromagnetic and involves an interaction between the Cu-3d, O-2p (bridge ligand), and the majority-spin Gd-5d orbitals. The other one is antiferromagnetic and involves Cu-3d, O-2p, and the empty minority-spin Gd-4f orbitals, which is suppressed by the planar Cu-O-O-Gd structure. This study demonstrates the accuracy of the DFT+U method for evaluating the 3d-4f exchange interactions, provides a better understanding of the exchange mechanism in the Cu(II)-Gd(III) complexes, and paves the way for exploiting the magnetic properties of the 3d-4f compounds containing lanthanides other than Gd.
The D/H ratio in Saturn's atmosphere from Voyager IRIS spectra

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Courtin, R.; Gautier, D.; Marten, A.; Bezard, B.; Hanel, R.

1985-01-01

A selection of 1656 spectra recorded between 180 and 2300 mm in the 20 to 40 N latitude range by the Voyager interferometer IRIS were analyzed. The CH3D/H2 and CH4/H2 ratios are determined from a best fit of the radiances measured in the nu6 and nu4 fundamental bands, respectively centered at 1161 and 1304 mm. Results are CH3D/H2 = 3.9 + or - 2.5 times 10 to the minus 7th power and CH4/H2 = 4.5 + 2.4, -1.9 x 0.001. The uncertainty includes random errors due to instrumental noise and possible systematic errors in the assumed temperature profile and spectroscopic parameters. The D/H isotopic ratio is determined from abundance ratios from the expression D/H = 1/4f (CH3D/H2)/(CH4/H2) where f accounts for equilibrium deuterium fractionation between the molecular hydrogen and methane phases. Beer and Taylor (1973, 1978) estimated f = 1.37 + or - 0.07 for Jupiter assuming a wide range of convective velocities and neglecting catalytic effects from dust particles. The same value was adopted for Saturn and yields D/H = 1.6 +1.3, -1.2 times 10 to the minus 5th power.
Brain stem auditory-evoked response of the nonanesthetized dog.

PubMed

Marshall, A E

1985-04-01

The brain stem auditory evoked-response was measured from a group of 24 healthy dogs under conditions suitable for clinical diagnostic use. The waveforms were identified, and analysis of amplitude ratios, latencies, and interpeak latencies were done. The group was subdivided into subgroups based on tranquilization, nontranquilization, sex, and weight. Differences were not observed among any of these subgroups. All dogs responded to the click stimulus from 30 dB to 90 dB, but only 62.5% of the dogs responded at 5 dB. The total number of peaks averaged 1.6 at 5 dB, increased linearly to 6.5 at 50 dB, and remained at 6.5 to 90 dB. Frequency of recognizability of each wave was tabulated for each stimulus intensity tested; recognizability increased with increased stimulus intensity. Amplitudes of waves increased with increasing stimulus intensity, but were highly variable. The 4th wave had the greatest amplitude at the lower stimulus intensities, and the 1st wave had the greatest amplitude at the higher stimulus intensities. Amplitude ratio of the 1st to 5th wave was greater than 1 at less than or equal to 50 dB stimulus intensity, and was 1 for stimulus intensities greater than 50 dB. Interpeak latencies did not change relative to stimulus intensities. Peak latencies of each wave averaged at 5-dB hearing level for the 1st to 6th waves were 2.03, 2.72, 3.23, 4.14, 4.41, and 6.05 ms, respectively; latencies of these 6 waves at 90 dB were 0.92, 1.79, 2.46, 3.03, 3.47, and 4.86 ms, respectively. Latency decreased between 0.009 to 0.014 ms/dB for the waves.
Transcriptional effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D(3) physiological and supra-physiological concentrations in breast cancer organotypic culture.

PubMed

Milani, Cintia; Katayama, Maria Lucia Hirata; de Lyra, Eduardo Carneiro; Welsh, JoEllen; Campos, Laura Tojeiro; Brentani, M Mitzi; Maciel, Maria do Socorro; Roela, Rosimeire Aparecida; del Valle, Paulo Roberto; Góes, João Carlos Guedes Sampaio; Nonogaki, Suely; Tamura, Rodrigo Esaki; Folgueira, Maria Aparecida Azevedo Koike

2013-03-15

Vitamin D transcriptional effects were linked to tumor growth control, however, the hormone targets were determined in cell cultures exposed to supra physiological concentrations of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) (50-100nM). Our aim was to evaluate the transcriptional effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in a more physiological model of breast cancer, consisting of fresh tumor slices exposed to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) at concentrations that can be attained in vivo. Tumor samples from post-menopausal breast cancer patients were sliced and cultured for 24 hours with or without 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) 0.5nM or 100nM. Gene expression was analyzed by microarray (SAM paired analysis, FDR≤0.1) or RT-qPCR (p≤0.05, Friedman/Wilcoxon test). Expression of candidate genes was then evaluated in mammary epithelial/breast cancer lineages and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), exposed or not to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) 0.5nM, using RT-qPCR, western blot or immunocytochemistry. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) 0.5nM or 100nM effects were evaluated in five tumor samples by microarray and seven and 136 genes, respectively, were up-regulated. There was an enrichment of genes containing transcription factor binding sites for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in samples exposed to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) near physiological concentration. Genes up-modulated by both 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) concentrations were CYP24A1, DPP4, CA2, EFTUD1, TKTL1, KCNK3. Expression of candidate genes was subsequently evaluated in another 16 samples by RT-qPCR and up-regulation of CYP24A1, DPP4 and CA2 by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) was confirmed. To evaluate whether the transcripitonal targets of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) 0.5nM were restricted to the epithelial or stromal compartments, gene expression was examined in HB4A, C5.4, SKBR3, MDA-MB231, MCF-7 lineages and CAFs, using RT-qPCR. In epithelial cells, there was a clear induction of CYP24A1, CA2, CD14 and IL1RL1. In fibroblasts, in addition to CYP24A1 induction, there was a trend towards up-regulation of CA2, IL1RL1, and DPP4. A higher protein expression of CD14 in epithelial cells and CA2 and DPP4 in CAFs exposed to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) 0.5nM was detected. In breast cancer specimens a short period of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) exposure at near physiological concentration modestly activates the hormone transcriptional pathway. Induction of CYP24A1, CA2, DPP4, IL1RL1 expression appears to reflect 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) effects in epithelial as well as stromal cells, however, induction of CD14 expression is likely restricted to the epithelial compartment.
Transcriptional effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 physiological and supra-physiological concentrations in breast cancer organotypic culture

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Vitamin D transcriptional effects were linked to tumor growth control, however, the hormone targets were determined in cell cultures exposed to supra physiological concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 (50-100nM). Our aim was to evaluate the transcriptional effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 in a more physiological model of breast cancer, consisting of fresh tumor slices exposed to 1,25(OH)2D3 at concentrations that can be attained in vivo. Methods Tumor samples from post-menopausal breast cancer patients were sliced and cultured for 24 hours with or without 1,25(OH)2D3 0.5nM or 100nM. Gene expression was analyzed by microarray (SAM paired analysis, FDR≤0.1) or RT-qPCR (p≤0.05, Friedman/Wilcoxon test). Expression of candidate genes was then evaluated in mammary epithelial/breast cancer lineages and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), exposed or not to 1,25(OH)2D3 0.5nM, using RT-qPCR, western blot or immunocytochemistry. Results 1,25(OH)2D3 0.5nM or 100nM effects were evaluated in five tumor samples by microarray and seven and 136 genes, respectively, were up-regulated. There was an enrichment of genes containing transcription factor binding sites for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in samples exposed to 1,25(OH)2D3 near physiological concentration. Genes up-modulated by both 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations were CYP24A1, DPP4, CA2, EFTUD1, TKTL1, KCNK3. Expression of candidate genes was subsequently evaluated in another 16 samples by RT-qPCR and up-regulation of CYP24A1, DPP4 and CA2 by 1,25(OH)2D3 was confirmed. To evaluate whether the transcripitonal targets of 1,25(OH)2D3 0.5nM were restricted to the epithelial or stromal compartments, gene expression was examined in HB4A, C5.4, SKBR3, MDA-MB231, MCF-7 lineages and CAFs, using RT-qPCR. In epithelial cells, there was a clear induction of CYP24A1, CA2, CD14 and IL1RL1. In fibroblasts, in addition to CYP24A1 induction, there was a trend towards up-regulation of CA2, IL1RL1, and DPP4. A higher protein expression of CD14 in epithelial cells and CA2 and DPP4 in CAFs exposed to 1,25(OH)2D3 0.5nM was detected. Conclusions In breast cancer specimens a short period of 1,25(OH)2D3 exposure at near physiological concentration modestly activates the hormone transcriptional pathway. Induction of CYP24A1, CA2, DPP4, IL1RL1 expression appears to reflect 1,25(OH)2D3 effects in epithelial as well as stromal cells, however, induction of CD14 expression is likely restricted to the epithelial compartment. PMID:23497279
Effects of exposure to sonar playback sounds (3.5 - 4.1 kHz) on harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) hearing.

PubMed

Kastelein, Ronald A; Helder-Hoek, Lean; Van de Voorde, Shirley

2017-10-01

Safety criteria for naval sonar sounds are needed to protect harbor porpoise hearing. Two porpoises were exposed to sequences of AN/SQS-53C sonar playback sounds (3.5-4.1 kHz, without significant harmonics), at a mean received sound pressure level of 142 dB re 1 μPa, with a duty cycle of 96% (almost continuous). Behavioral hearing thresholds at 4 and 5.7 kHz were determined before and after exposure to the fatiguing sound, in order to quantify temporary threshold shifts (TTSs) and hearing recovery. Control sessions were also conducted. Significant mean initial TTS 1-4 of 5.2 dB at 4 kHz and 3.1 dB at 5.7 kHz occurred after 30 min exposures (mean received cumulative sound exposure level, SEL cum : 175 dB re 1 μPa 2 s). Hearing thresholds returned to pre-exposure levels within 12 min. Significant mean initial TTS 1-4 of 5.5 dB at 4 kHz occurred after 60 min exposures (SEL cum : 178 dB re 1 μPa 2 s). Hearing recovered within 60 min. The SEL cum for AN/SQS-53C sonar sounds required to induce 6 dB of TTS 4 min after exposure (the definition of TTS onset) is expected to be between 175 and 180 dB re 1 μPa 2 s.

The influence of computational strategy on prediction of mechanical stress in carotid atherosclerotic plaques: comparison of 2D structure-only, 3D structure-only, one-way and fully coupled fluid-structure interaction analyses.

PubMed

Huang, Yuan; Teng, Zhongzhao; Sadat, Umar; Graves, Martin J; Bennett, Martin R; Gillard, Jonathan H

2014-04-11

Compositional and morphological features of carotid atherosclerotic plaques provide complementary information to luminal stenosis in predicting clinical presentations. However, they alone cannot predict cerebrovascular risk. Mechanical stress within the plaque induced by cyclical changes in blood pressure has potential to assess plaque vulnerability. Various modeling strategies have been employed to predict stress, including 2D and 3D structure-only, 3D one-way and fully coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations. However, differences in stress predictions using different strategies have not been assessed. Maximum principal stress (Stress-P1) within 8 human carotid atherosclerotic plaques was calculated based on geometry reconstructed from in vivo computerized tomography and high resolution, multi-sequence magnetic resonance images. Stress-P1 within the diseased region predicted by 2D and 3D structure-only, and 3D one-way FSI simulations were compared to 3D fully coupled FSI analysis. Compared to 3D fully coupled FSI, 2D structure-only simulation significantly overestimated stress level (94.1 kPa [65.2, 117.3] vs. 85.5 kPa [64.4, 113.6]; median [inter-quartile range], p=0.0004). However, when slices around the bifurcation region were excluded, stresses predicted by 2D structure-only simulations showed a good correlation (R(2)=0.69) with values obtained from 3D fully coupled FSI analysis. 3D structure-only model produced a small yet statistically significant stress overestimation compared to 3D fully coupled FSI (86.8 kPa [66.3, 115.8] vs. 85.5 kPa [64.4, 113.6]; p<0.0001). In contrast, one-way FSI underestimated stress compared to 3D fully coupled FSI (78.8 kPa [61.1, 100.4] vs. 85.5 kPa [64.4, 113.7]; p<0.0001). A 3D structure-only model seems to be a computationally inexpensive yet reasonably accurate approximation for stress within carotid atherosclerotic plaques with mild to moderate luminal stenosis as compared to fully coupled FSI analysis. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
TH-E-17A-04: Geometric Validation of K-Space Self-Gated 4D-MRI Vs. 4D-CT Using A Respiratory Motion Phantom

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yue, Y; Fan, Z; Yang, W

Purpose: 4D-CT is often limited by motion artifacts, low temporal resolution, and poor phase-based target definition. We recently developed a novel k-space self-gated 4D-MRI technique with high spatial and temporal resolution. The goal here is to geometrically validate 4D-MRI using a MRI-CT compatible respiratory motion phantom and comparison to 4D-CT. Methods: 4D-MRI was acquired using 3T spoiled gradient echo-based 3D projection sequences. Respiratory phases were resolved using self-gated k-space lines as the motion surrogate. Images were reconstructed into 10 temporal bins with 1.56×1.56×1.56mm3. A MRI-CT compatible phantom was designed with a 23mm diameter ball target filled with highconcentration gadolinium(Gd) gelmore » embedded in a 35×40×63mm3 plastic box stabilized with low-concentration Gd gel. The whole phantom was driven by an air pump. Human respiratory motion was mimicked using the controller from a commercial dynamic phantom (RSD). Four breathing settings (rates/depths: 10s/20mm, 6s/15mm, 4s/10mm, 3s/7mm) were scanned with 4D-MRI and 4D-CT (slice thickness 1.25mm). Motion ground-truth was obtained from input signals and real-time video recordings. Reconstructed images were imported into Eclipse(Varian) for target contouring. Volumes and target positions were compared with ground-truth. Initial human study was investigated on a liver patient. Results: 4D-MRI and 4D-CT scans for the different breathing cycles were reconstructed with 10 phases. Target volume in each phase was measured for both 4D-CT and 4D-MRI. Volume percentage difference for the 6.37ml target ranged from 6.67±5.33 to 11.63±5.57 for 4D-CT and from 1.47±0.52 to 2.12±1.60 for 4D-MRI. The Mann-Whitney U-test shows the 4D-MRI is significantly superior to 4D-CT (p=0.021) for phase-based target definition. Centroid motion error ranges were 1.35–1.25mm (4D-CT), and 0.31–0.12mm (4D-MRI). Conclusion: The k-space self-gated 4D-MRI we recently developed can accurately determine phase-based target volume while avoiding typical motion artifacts found in 4D-CT, and is being further studied for use in GI targeting and motion management. This work supported in part by grant 1R03CA173273-01.« less
Potential dosimetric benefit of dose-warping based 4D planning compared to conventional 3D planning in liver stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yeo, U. J.; Taylor, M. L.; Kron, T.; Pham, D.; Siva, S.; Franich, R. D.

2013-06-01

Respiratory motion induces dosimetric uncertainties for thoracic and abdominal cancer radiotherapy (RT) due to deforming and moving anatomy. This study investigates the extent of dosimetric differences between conventional 3D treatment planning and path-integrated 4D treatment planning in liver stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Respiratory-correlated 4DCT image sets with 10 phases were acquired for patients with liver tumours. Path-integrated 4D dose accumulation was performed using dose-warping techniques based on deformable image registration. Dose-volume histogram analysis demonstrated that the 3D planning approach overestimated doses to targets by up to 24% and underestimated dose to normal liver by ~4.5%, compared to the 4D planning methodology. Therefore, 4D planning has the potential to quantify such issues of under- and/or over-dosage and improve treatment accuracy.
Electro-Spark Deposited Coatings for Replacement of Chrome Electroplating

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-06-01

2.6 0.4 2.2 Thickness uniformity (A-F) 2.8/0.8 2.8/0.8 6.3/0 6.5/0.4 2 to 0 3.9/0.4 Coating integrity (A-F) A A- F C - D A- Defects/mm F D + F D + F B...or width of the wear scar (cm), h is the height or depth of the wear scar (cm), and c is the circumference of the wear scar (cm) where c = "rrd, and d ...inerS4C *2 Panelb MHC583010 -,,IN 3 4853 0.42 roiness 1)N32-15m x c -e sca. 3) &wN x Deb 1nQ withn sar Dein HxW 1).057n*~ 3)211200 12 ve 2 Panl 2 EJC .5 D
Molecular characterization of three 3-ketosteroid-Δ(1)-dehydrogenase isoenzymes of Rhodococcus ruber strain Chol-4.

PubMed

Fernández de las Heras, Laura; van der Geize, Robert; Drzyzga, Oliver; Perera, Julián; María Navarro Llorens, Juana

2012-11-01

Rhodococcus ruber strain Chol-4 isolated from a sewage sludge sample is able to grow on minimal medium supplemented with steroids, showing a broad catabolic capacity. This paper reports the characterization of three different 3-ketosteroid-Δ(1)-dehydrogenases (KstDs) in the genome of R. ruber strain Chol-4. The genome of this strain does not contain any homologues of a 3-keto-5α-steroid-Δ(4)-dehydrogenase (Kst4d or TesI) that appears in the genomes of Rhodococcus erythropolis SQ1 or Comamonas testosteroni. Growth experiments with kstD2 mutants, either a kstD2 single mutant, kstD2 double mutants in combination with kstD1 or kstD3, or the triple kstD1,2,3 mutant, proved that KstD2 is involved in the transformation of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (AD) to 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (ADD) and in the conversion of 9α-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (9OHAD) to 9α-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (9OHADD). kstD2,3 and kstD1,2,3 R. ruber mutants (both lacking KstD2 and KstD3) did not grow in minimal medium with cholesterol as the only carbon source, thus demonstrating the involvement of KstD2 and KstD3 in cholesterol degradation. In contrast, mutation of kstD1 does not alter the bacterial growth on the steroids tested in this study and therefore, the role of this protein still remains unclear. The absence of a functional KstD2 in R. ruber mutants provoked in all cases an accumulation of 9OHAD, as a branch product probably formed by the action of a 3-ketosteroid-9α-hydroxylase (KshAB) on the AD molecule. Therefore, KstD2 is a key enzyme in the AD catabolism pathway of R. ruber strain Chol-4 while KstD3 is involved in cholesterol catabolism. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cardanols, long chain cyclohexenones and cyclohexenols from Lannea schimperi (Anacardiaceae).

PubMed

Okoth, Dorothy A; Koorbanally, Neil A

2015-01-01

Alkenyl cyclohexenones (1a-d), alkenyl cyclohexenols (2a-c and 3b-d) and cardanols (4a-d) were isolated from the stem bark and root of Lannea schimperi. The alkenyl cyclohexenones (1a and 1d) and cardanols (4a and 4d) have side chains which have not been reported previously, in combination with the core skeletal structures. In addition, compounds 2a-c and 3b-d are all new cyclohexenols. Also isolated were the triterpenes, taraxerone and taraxerol, and sitosterol. The suite of compounds isolated (cyclohexenones and cyclohexenols) make up a nice biosynthetic pathway to the cardanols. The 5-[alkenyl]-4,5- dihydroxycyclohex-2-enone mixture (1a-d) exhibited good in vitro cytotoxicity against the Chinese Hamster Ovarian mammalian cell-line. The compounds were identified mainly from GCMS and NMR spectroscopic techniques.
Development of Advanced Constitutive Models for Plain and Reinforced Concrete.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-04-01

V * . . . . .. .. ,.*,*..~.*,..*.*.*..*.*..~...*.,*. - -. .. . . d .. . . . . . . . . . ~ --. % S ...surface, Figure D .5, be denoted as [ v ( s )]. Further, let ef (i = 1 to 3) denote the unit orthogonal base vectors of a rectangular Cartesian reference system...astic parts according to d .. = de. d ?. ( D -2) ij Ij I j one obtains d ? =1 n + S ni [ v ( ] ( D -3) where s i • e n, n 9 e ( D -4) In the case of
Breast Radiation Dose With CESM Compared With 2D FFDM and 3D Tomosynthesis Mammography.

PubMed

James, Judy R; Pavlicek, William; Hanson, James A; Boltz, Thomas F; Patel, Bhavika K

2017-02-01

We aimed to compare radiation dose received during contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) using high- and low-energy projections with radiation dose received during 2D full field digital mammography (FFDM) and 3D tomosynthesis on phantoms and patients with varying breast thickness and density. A single left craniocaudal projection was chosen to determine the doses for 6214 patients who underwent 2D FFDM, 3662 patients who underwent 3D tomosynthesis, and 173 patients who underwent CESM in this retrospective study. Dose measurements were also collected in phantoms with composition mimicking nondense and dense breast tissue. Average glandular dose (AGD) ± SD was 3.0 ± 1.1 mGy for CESM exposures at a mean breast thickness of 63 mm. At this thickness, the dose was 2.1 mGy from 2D FFDM and 2.5 mGy from 3D tomosynthesis. The nondense phantom had a mean AGD of 1.0 mGy with 2D FFDM, 1.3 mGy with 3D tomosynthesis, and 1.6 mGy with CESM. The dense breast phantom had a mean AGD of 1.3 mGy with 2D FFDM, 1.4 mGy with 3D tomosynthesis, and 2.1 mGy with CESM. At a compressed thickness of 4.5 cm, radiation exposure from CESM was approximately 25% higher in dense breast phantoms than in nondense breast phantoms. The dose in the dense phantom at a compressed thickness of 6 cm was approximately 42% higher than the dose in the nondense phantom at a compressed thickness of 4.5 cm. CESM was found to increase AGD at a mean breast thickness of 63 mm by approximately 0.9 mGy and 0.5 mGy compared with 2D FFDM and 3D tomosynthesis, respectively. Of note, CESM provides a standard image (similar to 2D FFDM) that is obtained using the low-energy projection. Overall, the AGD from CESM falls below the dose limit of 3 mGy set by Mammography Quality Standards Act regulations.
Critically Evaluated Energy Levels, Spectral Lines, Transition Probabilities, and Intensities of Singly Ionized Vanadium (V ii)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Saloman, Edward B.; Kramida, Alexander

2017-08-01

The energy levels, observed spectral lines, and transition probabilities of singly ionized vanadium, V ii, have been compiled. The experimentally derived energy levels belong to the configurations 3 d {sup 4}, 3 d {sup 3} ns ( n = 4, 5, 6), 3 d {sup 3} np , and 3 d {sup 3} nd ( n = 4, 5), 3 d {sup 3}4 f , 3 d {sup 2}4 s {sup 2}, and 3 d {sup 2}4 s 4 p . Also included are values for some forbidden lines that may be of interest to the astrophysical community. Experimental Landé g -factorsmore » and leading percentages for the levels are included when available, as well as Ritz wavelengths calculated from the energy levels. Wavelengths and transition probabilities are reported for 3568 and 1896 transitions, respectively. From the list of observed wavelengths, 407 energy levels are determined. The observed intensities, normalized to a common scale, are provided. From the newly optimized energy levels, a revised value for the ionization energy is derived, 118,030(60) cm{sup −1}, corresponding to 14.634(7) eV. This is 130 cm{sup −1} higher than the previously recommended value from Iglesias et al.« less
A series of transition metal-organic frameworks based on a bipyridinium carboxylate ligand: Syntheses, structures and photoluminescent properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pei, Ru-Bo; Cao, Ming-Yang; Li, Lin-Ke; Dong, Xi-Yan; Zang, Shuang-Quan

2017-09-01

Based on a bipyridinium carboxylate ligand 1-(3,5-dicarboxy)-benzyl-1,2-di(pyridine-4-yl)ethylene chloride (H2L+Cl-), eight transition metal coordination polymers, namely, {[Zn(L)Cl]ṡ4H2O}n (1), {[Zn(L)H2O]ṡNO3ṡ2H2O}n (2), {[Zn(L) (H2O)]ṡ(NO3)0.5ṡ(Cl)0.5ṡ2H2O}n (3), {[Cd(L)(H2O)(NO3)]ṡ2H2O}n (4), {[Cd1.5(L) (Cl)2]ṡ2H2O}n (5), {[Cu(L)(H2O)]ṡNO3ṡH2O}n (6), {[Cu(HL)2(H2O)2]·Cl2·6H2O}n (7) and {[Ni(L)(H2O)Cl]ṡ4H2O}n (8) have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Complexes 1 and 8 display 2D wave-like layer structures with a 3-connected 63 topology. Complexes 2 and 6 demonstrate 3D 2-fold interpenetrating frameworks with uninodal, 3-connected (10,3)-d utp-topology. Another pair of 3D 2-fold interpenetrating frameworks 3 and 4 possess 3-connected, uninodal 103ThSi2 (ths)-topology. Complex 5 shows a 2D layer structure based on the extending of trinuclear Cd(II) subunits. Complex 7 presents 1D double-chain structure, in which the central Cu(II) ions are connected by the partially deprotonated ligand HL. Additionally, powder X-ray diffractions (PXRD) and thermogravimetric analyses of complexes 1-8, as well as the solid-state luminescent properties of d10 metal complexes 1-4 at room temperature have also been discussed.
Base-displaced intercalation of the 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinolone N2-dG adduct in the NarI DNA recognition sequence

PubMed Central

Stavros, Kallie M.; Hawkins, Edward K.; Rizzo, Carmelo J.; Stone, Michael P.

2014-01-01

2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinolone (IQ), a heterocyclic amine found in cooked meats, undergoes bioactivation to a nitrenium ion, which alkylates guanines at both the C8-dG and N2-dG positions. The conformation of a site-specific N2-dG-IQ adduct in an oligodeoxynucleotide duplex containing the iterated CG repeat restriction site of the NarI endonuclease has been determined. The IQ moiety intercalates, with the IQ H4a and CH3 protons facing the minor groove, and the IQ H7a, H8a and H9a protons facing the major groove. The adducted dG maintains the anti-conformation about the glycosyl bond. The complementary dC is extruded into the major groove. The duplex maintains its thermal stability, which is attributed to stacking between the IQ moiety and the 5′- and 3′-neighboring base pairs. This conformation is compared to that of the C8-dG-IQ adduct in the same sequence, which also formed a ‘base-displaced intercalated’ conformation. However, the C8-dG-IQ adopted the syn conformation placing the Watson−Crick edge of the modified dG into the major groove. In addition, the C8-dG-IQ adduct was oriented with the IQ CH3 group and H4a and H5a facing the major groove. These differences may lead to differential processing during DNA repair and replication. PMID:24366876
Ionic liquid-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of dendrite-like NaY(MoO4)2:Tb3+ phosphor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tian, Yue; Chen, Baojiu; Tian, Bining; Sun, Jiashi; Li, Xiangping; Zhang, Jinsu; Cheng, Lihong; Zhong, Haiyang; Zhong, Hua; Meng, Qingyu; Hua, Ruinian

2012-07-01

Micro-sized NaY(MoO4)2:Tb3+ phosphors with dendritic morphology was synthesized by a ionic liquid-assisted hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the as-prepared product is pure tetragonal phase of NaY(MoO4)2. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images showed that the as-prepared NaY(MoO4)2:Tb3+ phosphors have dendritic morphology. The photoluminescent (PL) spectra displayed that the as-prepared NaY(MoO4)2:Tb3+ phosphors show a stronger green emission with main emission wavelength 545 nm corresponding to the 5D4→7F5 transition of Tb3+ ion, and the optimal Tb3+ doping concentration for obtaining maximum emission intensity was confirmed to be 10 mol%. Based on Van Uitert's and Dexter's models the electric dipole-dipole (D-D) interaction was confirmed to be responsible for the concentration quenching of 5D4 fluorescence of Tb3+ in the NaY(MoO4)2:Tb3+ phosphors. The intrinsic radiative transition lifetime of 5D4 level is found to be 0.703 ms.
Quantification of the kV X-ray imaging dose during real-time tumor tracking and from three- and four-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography in lung cancer patients using a Monte Carlo simulation.

PubMed

Nakamura, Mitsuhiro; Ishihara, Yoshitomo; Matsuo, Yukinori; Iizuka, Yusuke; Ueki, Nami; Iramina, Hiraku; Hirashima, Hideaki; Mizowaki, Takashi

2018-03-01

Knowledge of the imaging doses delivered to patients and accurate dosimetry of the radiation to organs from various imaging procedures is becoming increasingly important for clinicians. The purposes of this study were to calculate imaging doses delivered to the organs of lung cancer patients during real-time tumor tracking (RTTT) with three-dimensional (3D), and four-dimensional (4D) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), using Monte Carlo techniques to simulate kV X-ray dose distributions delivered using the Vero4DRT. Imaging doses from RTTT, 3D-CBCT and 4D-CBCT were calculated with the planning CT images for nine lung cancer patients who underwent stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with RTTT. With RTTT, imaging doses from correlation modeling and from monitoring of imaging during beam delivery were calculated. With CBCT, doses from 3D-CBCT and 4D-CBCT were also simulated. The doses covering 2-cc volumes (D2cc) in correlation modeling were up to 9.3 cGy for soft tissues and 48.4 cGy for bone. The values from correlation modeling and monitoring were up to 11.0 cGy for soft tissues and 59.8 cGy for bone. Imaging doses in correlation modeling were larger with RTTT. On a single 4D-CBCT, the skin and bone D2cc values were in the ranges of 7.4-10.5 cGy and 33.5-58.1 cGy, respectively. The D2cc from 4D-CBCT was approximately double that from 3D-CBCT. Clinicians should Figure that the imaging dose increases the cumulative doses to organs.
Quantification of the kV X-ray imaging dose during real-time tumor tracking and from three- and four-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography in lung cancer patients using a Monte Carlo simulation

PubMed Central

Nakamura, Mitsuhiro; Ishihara, Yoshitomo; Matsuo, Yukinori; Iizuka, Yusuke; Ueki, Nami; Iramina, Hiraku; Hirashima, Hideaki; Mizowaki, Takashi

2018-01-01

Abstract Knowledge of the imaging doses delivered to patients and accurate dosimetry of the radiation to organs from various imaging procedures is becoming increasingly important for clinicians. The purposes of this study were to calculate imaging doses delivered to the organs of lung cancer patients during real-time tumor tracking (RTTT) with three-dimensional (3D), and four-dimensional (4D) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), using Monte Carlo techniques to simulate kV X-ray dose distributions delivered using the Vero4DRT. Imaging doses from RTTT, 3D-CBCT and 4D-CBCT were calculated with the planning CT images for nine lung cancer patients who underwent stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with RTTT. With RTTT, imaging doses from correlation modeling and from monitoring of imaging during beam delivery were calculated. With CBCT, doses from 3D-CBCT and 4D-CBCT were also simulated. The doses covering 2-cc volumes (D2cc) in correlation modeling were up to 9.3 cGy for soft tissues and 48.4 cGy for bone. The values from correlation modeling and monitoring were up to 11.0 cGy for soft tissues and 59.8 cGy for bone. Imaging doses in correlation modeling were larger with RTTT. On a single 4D-CBCT, the skin and bone D2cc values were in the ranges of 7.4–10.5 cGy and 33.5–58.1 cGy, respectively. The D2cc from 4D-CBCT was approximately double that from 3D-CBCT. Clinicians should Figure that the imaging dose increases the cumulative doses to organs. PMID:29385514
Chalcones and other constituents of Dorstenia prorepens and Dorstenia zenkeri.

PubMed

Abegaz, Berhanu M; Ngadjui, Bonaventure T; Dongo, Etienne; Ngameni, Bathelemy; Nindi, Mathew N; Bezabih, Merhatibeb

2002-04-01

The twigs of Dorstenia prorepens furnished the digeranylated chalcone, 5,3'-(3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl)-3,4, 2',4'-tetrahydroxychalcone while Dorstenia zenkeri yielded the 3',4'-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyldihydropyrano)-4,2'-dihydroxychalcone and a bichalcone. 4-Hydroxylonchocarpin was found in both plants. D. prorepens also yielded the known compounds: psoralen, bergapten, beta-sitosterol and its D-glucopyranosyl derivative. D. zenkeri yielded p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, dorsmanin A, 4,2',4'-trihydroxychalcone and 4,2',4'-trihydroxy-3'-prenylchalcone. Structures of the new compounds were established by UV, IR, MS and 2-D NMR analysis.
ELF Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program: Electromagnetic Field Measurements and Engineering Support

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-04-01

1 lfm ýA a I - @0 38Ud U 0 E loll I0 F4J O 3Uv ~:~3 Igaas .1c % jWC (9 Um IDP. 0 di d0 1.00 00 .d .d d V d d~ di dI C-14 rM D0209- II dUmW o iNc cl...5C15-1 (In River) I FIGURE E-6. MEASUREMENT POINT AT TRANSMISSION UNE; 5C15-1. E-9 IITRI D06209-1 I I 0CS I C .00o tD I I- U, I S IcEoE 0 E0 a-0
Exploratory Study of 4D Versus 3D Robust Optimization in Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy for Lung Cancer

PubMed Central

Liu, Wei; Schild, Steven E.; Chang, Joe Y.; Liao, Zhongxing; Chang, Yu-Hui; Wen, Zhifei; Shen, Jiajian; Stoker, Joshua B.; Ding, Xiaoning; Hu, Yanle; Sahoo, Narayan; Herman, Michael G.; Vargas, Carlos; Keole, Sameer; Wong, William; Bues, Martin

2015-01-01

Background To compare the impact of uncertainties and interplay effect on 3D and 4D robustly optimized intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plans for lung cancer in an exploratory methodology study. Methods IMPT plans were created for 11 non-randomly selected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases: 3D robustly optimized plans on average CTs with internal gross tumor volume density overridden to irradiate internal target volume, and 4D robustly optimized plans on 4D CTs to irradiate clinical target volume (CTV). Regular fractionation (66 Gy[RBE] in 33 fractions) were considered. In 4D optimization, the CTV of individual phases received non-uniform doses to achieve a uniform cumulative dose. The root-mean-square-dose volume histograms (RVH) measured the sensitivity of the dose to uncertainties, and the areas under the RVH curve (AUCs) were used to evaluate plan robustness. Dose evaluation software modeled time-dependent spot delivery to incorporate interplay effect with randomized starting phases of each field per fraction. Dose-volume histogram indices comparing CTV coverage, homogeneity, and normal tissue sparing were evaluated using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results 4D robust optimization plans led to smaller AUC for CTV (14.26 vs. 18.61 (p=0.001), better CTV coverage (Gy[RBE]) [D95% CTV: 60.6 vs 55.2 (p=0.001)], and better CTV homogeneity [D5%–D95% CTV: 10.3 vs 17.7 (p=0.002)] in the face of uncertainties. With interplay effect considered, 4D robust optimization produced plans with better target coverage [D95% CTV: 64.5 vs 63.8 (p=0.0068)], comparable target homogeneity, and comparable normal tissue protection. The benefits from 4D robust optimization were most obvious for the 2 typical stage III lung cancer patients. Conclusions Our exploratory methodology study showed that, compared to 3D robust optimization, 4D robust optimization produced significantly more robust and interplay-effect-resistant plans for targets with comparable dose distributions for normal tissues. A further study with a larger and more realistic patient population is warranted to generalize the conclusions. PMID:26725727
3,4,5,6-Tetrafluorophenylnitren-2-yl: a ground-state quartet triradical.

PubMed

Grote, Dirk; Finke, Christopher; Kossmann, Simone; Neese, Frank; Sander, Wolfram

2010-04-19

The photochemistry of 2-iodo-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl azide (7 d) has been investigated in argon and neon matrices at 4 K, and the products characterized by IR and EPR spectroscopy. The primary photochemical step is loss of a nitrogen molecule and formation of phenyl nitrene 1 d. Further irradiation with UV or visible light results in mixtures of 1 d with azirine 5 d', ketenimine 6 d', nitreno radical 2 d, and azirinyl radical 9. The relative amounts of these products strongly depend on the matrix and on the irradiation conditions. Nitreno radical 2 d with a quartet ground state was characterized by EPR spectroscopy. Electronic structure calculations in combination with the experimental results allow for a detailed understanding of the properties of this unusual new type of organic high-spin molecules. Copyright © 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Control of the subthalamic innervation of substantia nigra pars reticulata by D1 and D2 dopamine receptors.

PubMed

Ibañez-Sandoval, Osvaldo; Hernández, Adán; Florán, Benjamin; Galarraga, Elvira; Tapia, Dagoberto; Valdiosera, Rene; Erlij, David; Aceves, Jorge; Bargas, José

2006-03-01

The effects of activating dopaminergic D1 and D2 class receptors of the subthalamic projections that innervate the pars reticulata of the subtantia nigra (SNr) were explored in slices of the rat brain using the whole cell patch-clamp technique. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) that could be blocked by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxalene-2,3-dione and D-(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid were evoked onto reticulata GABAergic projection neurons by local field stimulation inside the subthalamic nucleus in the presence of bicuculline. Bath application of (RS)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine hydrochloride (SKF-38393), a dopaminergic D1-class receptor agonist, increased evoked EPSCs by approximately 30% whereas the D2-class receptor agonist, trans-(-)-4aR-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-5-propyl-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-g)quinoline (quinpirole), reduced EPSCs by approximately 25%. These apparently opposing actions were blocked by the specific D1- and D2-class receptor antagonists: R-(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H-3-benzazepinehydrochloride (SCH 23390) and S-(-)-5-amino-sulfonyl-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-methyl]-2-methoxybenzamide (sulpiride), respectively. Both effects were accompanied by changes in the paired-pulse ratio, indicative of a presynaptic site of action. The presynaptic location of dopamine receptors at the subthalamonigral projections was confirmed by mean-variance analysis. The effects of both SKF-38393 and quinpirole could be observed on terminals contacting the same postsynaptic neuron. Sulpiride and SCH 23390 enhanced and reduced the evoked EPSC, respectively, suggesting a constitutive receptor activation probably arising from endogenous dopamine. These data suggest that dopamine presynaptically modulates the subthalamic projection that targets GABAergic neurons of the SNr. Implications of this modulation for basal ganglia function are discussed.
Inconsistency in the Crown-to-Root Ratios of Single-Rooted Premolars Measured by 2D and 3D Examinations.

PubMed

Hong, Hsiang-Hsi; Liu, Heng-Liang; Hong, Adrienne; Chao, Pu

2017-11-28

Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was applied to elucidate the relationship between the three-dimensional (3D) root surface area (RSA) and two-dimensional (2D) crown-to-root ratio (CRR) of extracted teeth to classify the periodontitis and assign a periodontal/prosthetic prognosis. A total of 31 maxillary and 35 mandibular single-rooted human premolars were examined. The amount of periodontal support on the basis of 3D RSA and 2D root length (RL) at CRRs of 1:1, 5:4, 3:2, and 2:1 were analyzed. Both maxillary and mandibular premolars demonstrated a nonsignificant RSA percentage at the evaluated CRRs. The coronal 21%-22% 2D RL and the 26%-28% 3D RSA bone loss apical to the cemento-enamel junction corresponded to a CRR of 1:1, relating to mild-moderate periodontitis. The coronal 30%-31% 2D RL and the 41%-42% 3D RSA bone loss corresponded to a CRR of 5:4, correlating to severe periodontitis. More severe clinical attachment loss (CAL) was observed in the 3D RSA measurement than in the 2D RL measurement at the evaluated CRRs. The amount of CAL at the CRR of 1:1 was inadequate to assess the severity of periodontitis on the basis of the 2D RL and 3D RSA measurements.

Diverse Cd(II) compounds based on N-benzoyl-L-glutamic acid and N-donor ligands: Structures and photoluminescent properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Ning; Guo, Wei-Ying; Song, Hui-Hua; Yu, Hai-Tao

2016-01-01

Five new Cd(II) coordination polymers with N-benzoyl-L-glutamic acid (H2bzgluO) and different N-donor ligands, [Cd(bzgluO)(2,2‧-bipy)(H2O)]n (1), [Cd(bzgluO)(2,4‧-bipy)2(H2O)·3H2O]n (2), [Cd(bzgluO)(phen)·H2O]n (3), [Cd(bzgluO)(4,4‧-bipy)(H2O)]n (4), [Cd(bzgluO)(bpp)(H2O)·2H2O]n (5) were synthesized (2,2‧-bipy=2,2‧-bipyridine, 2,4‧-bipy=2,4‧-bipyridine, phen=1,10-phenanthroline, 4,4‧-bipy=4,4‧-bipyridine, bpp=1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane). Compounds 1-2 exhibit a 1D single-chain structure. Compound 1 generates a 2D supramolecular structure via π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding, 3D architecture of compound 2 is formed by hydrogen bonding. Compound 3 features a 1D double-chain structure, which are linked by π-π interactions into a 2D supramolecular layer. Compounds 4-5 display a 2D network structure. Neighboring layers of 4 are extended into a 3D supramolecular architecture through hydrogen bonding. The structural diversity of these compounds is attributed to the effect of ancillary N-donor ligands and coordination modes of H2bzgluO. Luminescent properties of 1-5 were studied at room temperature. Circular dichroism of compounds 1, 2 and 5 were investigated.
Prediction of Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy Using Offline Analysis of 3-Dimensional Transvaginal Ultrasonographic Data Sets: An Interobserver and Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

PubMed

Infante, Fernando; Espada Vaquero, Mercedes; Bignardi, Tommaso; Lu, Chuan; Testa, Antonia C; Fauchon, David; Epstein, Elisabeth; Leone, Francesco P G; Van den Bosch, Thierry; Martins, Wellington P; Condous, George

2018-06-01

To assess interobserver reproducibility in detecting tubal ectopic pregnancies by reading data sets from 3-dimensional (3D) transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS) and comparing it with real-time 2-dimensional (2D) TVUS. Images were initially classified as showing pregnancies of unknown location or tubal ectopic pregnancies on real time 2D TVUS by an experienced sonologist, who acquired 5 3D volumes. Data sets were analyzed offline by 5 observers who had to classify each case as ectopic pregnancy or pregnancy of unknown location. The interobserver reproducibility was evaluated by the Fleiss κ statistic. The performance of each observer in predicting ectopic pregnancies was compared to that of the experienced sonologist. Women were followed until they were reclassified as follows: (1) failed pregnancy of unknown location; (2) intrauterine pregnancy; (3) ectopic pregnancy; or (4) persistent pregnancy of unknown location. Sixty-one women were included. The agreement between reading offline 3D data sets and the first real-time 2D TVUS was very good (80%-82%; κ = 0.89). The overall interobserver agreement among observers reading offline 3D data sets was moderate (κ = 0.52). The diagnostic performance of experienced observers reading offline 3D data sets had accuracy of 78.3% to 85.0%, sensitivity of 66.7% to 81.3%, specificity of 79.5% to 88.4%, positive predictive value of 57.1% to 72.2%, and negative predictive value of 87.5% to 91.3%, compared to the experienced sonologist's real-time 2D TVUS: accuracy of 94.5%, sensitivity of 94.4%, specificity of 94.5%, positive predictive value of 85.0%, and negative predictive value of 98.1%. The diagnostic accuracy of 3D TVUS by reading offline data sets for predicting ectopic pregnancies is dependent on experience. Reading only static 3D data sets without clinical information does not match the diagnostic performance of real time 2D TVUS combined with clinical information obtained during the scan. © 2017 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.
Accurate determination of black-body radiation shift, magic and tune-out wavelengths for the 6S1/2 \\rightarrow 5D3/2 clock transition in Yb+

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roy, A.; De, S.; Arora, Bindiya; Sahoo, B. K.

2017-10-01

We present precise values of the dipole polarizabilities (α) of the ground [4{{{f}}}146{{s}}]{}2{{{S}}}1/2 and metastable [4{{{f}}}145{{d}}]{}2{{{D}}}3/2 states of Yb+, that are important in reducing systematics in the clock frequency of the [4{{{f}}}146{{s}}]{}2{{{S}}}1/2\\to [4{{{f}}}145{{d}}]{}2{{{D}}}3/2 transition. The static values of α for the ground and [4{{{f}}}145{{d}}]{}2{{{D}}}3/2 states are estimated to be 9.8(1)× {10}-40 {{{J}}{{m}}}2 {{{V}}}-2 and 17.6(5) × {10}-40 {{J}} {{{m}}}2 {{{V}}}-2, respectively, while the tensor contribution to the [4{{{f}}}145{{d}}]{}2{{{D}}}3/2 state as -12.3(3)× {10}-40 {{{J}}{{m}}}2 {{{V}}}-2 compared to the experimental value -13.6(22)× {10}-40 {{J}} {{{m}}}2 {{{V}}}-2. This corresponds to the differential scalar polarizability value of the above transition as -7.8(5) × {10}-40 {{{J}}{{m}}}2 {{{V}}}-2 in contrast to the available experimental value -6.9(1.4) × {10}-40 J m2 V-2 . This results in the black-body radiation shift of the clock transition as -0.44(3) Hz at the room temperature, which is large as compared to the previously estimated values. Using the dynamic α values, we report the tune-out and magic wavelengths that could be of interest to subdue systematics due to the Stark shifts and for constructing lattice optical clock using Yb+.
Association of different biomarkers of renal function with D-dimer levels in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (renal biomarkers and D-dimer in diabetes).

PubMed

Domingueti, Caroline Pereira; Fóscolo, Rodrigo Bastos; Dusse, Luci Maria S; Reis, Janice Sepúlveda; Carvalho, Maria das Graças; Gomes, Karina Braga; Fernandes, Ana Paula

2018-02-01

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between different renal biomarkers with D-Dimer levels in diabetes mellitus (DM1) patients group classified as: low D-Dimer levels (< 318 ng/mL), which included first and second D-Dimer tertiles, and high D-Dimer levels (≥ 318 ng/mL), which included third D-Dimer tertile. Materials and methods D-Dimer and cystatin C were measured by ELISA. Creatinine and urea were determined by enzymatic method. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using CKD-EPI equation. Albuminuria was assessed by immunoturbidimetry. Presence of renal disease was evaluated using each renal biomarker: creatinine, urea, cystatin C, eGFR and albuminuria. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess which renal biomarkers are associated with high D-Dimer levels and odds ratio was calculated. After, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess which renal biomarkers are associated with high D-Dimer levels (after adjusting for sex and age) and odds ratio was calculated. Results Cystatin C presented a better association [OR of 9.8 (3.8-25.5)] with high D-Dimer levels than albuminuria, creatinine, eGFR and urea [OR of 5.3 (2.2-12.9), 8.4 (2.5-25.4), 9.1 (2.6-31.4) and 3.5 (1.4-8.4), respectively] after adjusting for sex and age. All biomarkers showed a good association with D-Dimer levels, and consequently, with hypercoagulability status, and cystatin C showed the best association among them. Conclusion Therefore, cystatin C might be useful to detect patients with incipient diabetic kidney disease that present an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, contributing to an early adoption of reno and cardioprotective therapies.
Measurement and analysis of electronic energy transfer between Tb 3+ and Eu 3+ ions in Cs 2NaY 1-x-y Tb xEu yCl 6

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moran, Diane M.; May, P. Stanley; Richardson, F. S.

1994-08-01

Electronic energy-transfer processes between Tb 3+5D 4) and Eu 3+ ( 7F 0, 7F 1) ions in crystalline Cs 2NaY 1-x-yTb xEu yCl 6 compounds are examined over a wide range of relative Tb 3+ and Eu 3+ concentrations (at sample temperature of 77 and 295 K). In these systems, the Tb 3+ and Eu 3+ ions are located at centrosymmetric (O h) sites surrounded by six Cl - ions, and the minimum distance between these sites is ≈ 7.6 Å. The host lattice has a cubic structure (space group O h5-Fm3m), and the phonon spectrum of this lattice has a cut-off frequency of ≈ 300 cm -1. The optical spectra of Tb 3+ and Eu 3+ in Cs 2NaYCl 6 exhibit relatively sparse line structures, consisting almost entirely of magnetic-dipole origin lines and one-phonon-assisted electric-dipole vibronic lines that reflect O h selection rules and have relatively low oscillator strenghts. Overlap between Tb 3+ ( 5D 4) emission and Eu 3+ ( 7F 0, 7F 1) absorption spectra occurs only within the Tb 3+ ( 5D 4 → 7 F 4 and Eu 3+ ( 7F 0, 7F 1 → 5D 0 transition regions, and resonances between individual lines in these regions are used to identify possible pathways for Tb 3+ ( 5D 4)-to-Eu 3+ ( 7F 0, 7F 1) energy transfer. Rates of energy transfer are determined from time-resolved Tb 3+ ( 5D 4) luminescence intersity measurements, analyzed in terms of two different models for representing donor (Tb 3+)-acceptor (Eu 3+) site distributions in Cs 2NaY 1-x-yTb xEu yCl 6 systems. In one model, donor-accepator site distances are represented by a continuous radial distribution function, whereas in the second model, these distances are represented by a discrete distribution function. Both models are used to analyze donor luminescence decay data in terms of rate parameters that reflect specific mechanistic contributions to electronic energy transfer. Both electron-exchange and multipole-multipole mechanisms are considered in the analyses. Results from these analyses, combined with spectral overlap considerations and comparisons of 77 versus 295 K rate data, suggest an electric-quadrupole/electric-dipole mechanism in which a 5D 4(T 1g → 7F 4(T 1g) electric-quadrupole transition on Tb 3+ excites a 7F 0(A 1g) + v4(t 1u → 5D 0(A 1g) electric-dipole (vibronic) transition on Eu 3+. Rate data obtained on systems of stoichiometric formulae Cs 2NaY 0.95-xTb xEu 0.05Cl 6 show that Tb 3+( 5D 4)- to-Eu 3+ ( 7F 0, 7F 1) energy-transfer rates a Tb 3+-Tb 3+ energy-migration processes when tx > 0.05. Direct calculations of Tb 3+ ( 5D 4)-Eu 3+ ( 7F 0, 7F 1) and Tb 3+ ( 5D 4-Tb 3+ ( 7F 6) multipole-multipole interaction parameters are performed, and the parameters obtained from these calculations are compared to those derived from parametric fits of experimentally observed rate data. Discrepancies between calculated and ovserved rate parameters are large, and possible explanations for these discrepancies are discussed.
3D image fusion of whole-heart dynamic cardiac MR perfusion and late gadolinium enhancement: Intuitive delineation of myocardial hypoperfusion and scar.

PubMed

von Spiczak, Jochen; Mannil, Manoj; Kozerke, Sebastian; Alkadhi, Hatem; Manka, Robert

2018-03-30

Since patients with myocardial hypoperfusion due to coronary artery disease (CAD) with preserved viability are known to benefit from revascularization, accurate differentiation of hypoperfusion from scar is desirable. To develop a framework for 3D fusion of whole-heart dynamic cardiac MR perfusion and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) to delineate stress-induced myocardial hypoperfusion and scar. Prospective feasibility study. Sixteen patients (61 ± 14 years, two females) with known/suspected CAD. 1.5T (nine patients); 3.0T (seven patients); whole-heart dynamic 3D cardiac MR perfusion (3D-PERF, under adenosine stress); 3D LGE inversion recovery sequences (3D-SCAR). A software framework was developed for 3D fusion of 3D-PERF and 3D-SCAR. Computation steps included: 1) segmentation of the left ventricle in 3D-PERF and 3D-SCAR; 2) semiautomatic thresholding of perfusion/scar data; 3) automatic calculation of ischemic/scar burden (ie, pathologic relative to total myocardium); 4) projection of perfusion/scar values onto artificial template of the left ventricle; 5) semiautomatic coregistration to an exemplary heart contour easing 3D orientation; and 6) 3D rendering of the combined datasets using automatically defined color tables. All tasks were performed by two independent, blinded readers (J.S. and R.M.). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for determining interreader agreement. Image acquisition, postprocessing, and 3D fusion were feasible in all cases. In all, 10/16 patients showed stress-induced hypoperfusion in 3D-PERF; 8/16 patients showed LGE in 3D-SCAR. For 3D-PERF, semiautomatic thresholding was possible in all patients. For 3D-SCAR, automatic thresholding was feasible where applicable. Average ischemic burden was 11 ± 7% (J.S.) and 12 ± 7% (R.M.). Average scar burden was 8 ± 5% (J.S.) and 7 ± 4% (R.M.). Interreader agreement was excellent (ICC for 3D-PERF = 0.993, for 3D-SCAR = 0.99). 3D fusion of 3D-PERF and 3D-SCAR facilitates intuitive delineation of stress-induced myocardial hypoperfusion and scar. 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Scattering of 28.1 Mev Deuterons by Hydrogen, Lithium, Carbon and Aluminum. Report No. 54; DISPERSION DE DEUTERONES DE 28,1 Mev POR HIDROGENO, LITIO, CARBONO Y ALUMINIO. INFORME NO. 54

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Slobodrian, R.J.

1961-01-01

Natural lithium, polyethylene, and aluminum targets were bombarded with 28.1 Mev deuterons. The outgoing particles were analyzed with a scintillation spectrometer. The angular distributions for the following processes were measured: Li(d,d')Li, Li/sup 7/(d,d')Li/sup 7*/ -4.61 Mev, Li/sup 7/(d,t) Li/su p 6/, Cr/sup 12/(d,d')C/sup 12/, C/sup 12/(d,d')C/sup 12*/-4.43 Mev, C/sup 12/ (d,p)C/s up 13*/-3.68 Mev, Alsup 27/(d,d')Al/sup 27/, Alsup 27/(d,d')Al/sup 27*/- 2.21 Mev, and H/sup 1/(d,p)H/sup 2/. The angular distributions of the inelastic processes are due predominantly to direct nuclear interaction; there is no significant compound nucleus contribution. The Li/sup 7/(d,d')Li/sup 7*/-4.61 Mev angular distribution can be adjusted by superimposing directmore » reaction curves correspondingto l =0, a =3.4f and l =2, a =3.9f, where a is the interaction radius and l the angular momentum change; this leads to an odd parity assignement for the level. The ith a "pick-up" curve corresponding to l = 1 and a = 5f. The reaction C/sup 12/(d,d')C/sup 12*/ Mev is adjusted by superimposing the curves of l = 1, a= 4.1f and l =2, a = 4.6f. The C/sup 12/(d,p)C/sup 13*/ - 3.68 M ev angular distribution is well adjusted by superimposing the curves of l = 1, a - 3.9f, consistently with the known spin and parity change, instead the one belonging to the reaction and l = 3 with a = 3.5f. The Al/sup 27/(d,d')Al/ sup 27*/-2.21 Mev angular distribution is adequately adjusted with a curve of l = 1, a = 5.1f; therefore it follows an odd parity assignent for the level. The possible spin assignments of the levels are discussed. The angular distribution of the inraction H/sup 1/(d,p)H/sup 2/ is consistent with the measurements performed at neighboring energies and agrees with the curve obtained with a Serber type force. The elastic scattering angular distributions show the usual diffraction pattern and interaction radii for the deuteron-nucleus system ere calculated using an optical analogy. The inelastic scattering curves yield some evidence of a total spin flip of the deuteron in the reaction. (auth)« less
SU-E-T-472: A Multi-Dimensional Measurements Comparison to Analyze a 3D Patient Specific QA Tool

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ashmeg, S; Jackson, J; Zhang, Y

Purpose: To quantitatively evaluate a 3D patient specific QA tool using 2D film and 3D Presage dosimetry. Methods: A brain IMRT case was delivered to Delta4, EBT2 film and Presage plastic dosimeter. The film was inserted in the solid water slabs at 7.5cm depth for measurement. The Presage dosimeter was inserted into a head phantom for 3D dose measurement. Delta4's Anatomy software was used to calculate the corresponding dose to the film in solid water slabs and to Presage in the head phantom. The results from Anatomy were compared to both calculated results from Eclipse and measured dose from filmmore » and Presage to evaluate its accuracy. Using RIT software, we compared the “Anatomy” dose to the EBT2 film measurement and the film measurement to ECLIPSE calculation. For 3D analysis, DICOM file of “Anatomy” was extracted and imported to CERR software, which was used to compare the Presage dose to both “Anatomy” calculation and ECLIPSE calculation. Gamma criteria of 3% - 3mm and 5% - 5mm was used for comparison. Results: Gamma passing rates of film vs “Anatomy”, “Anatomy” vs ECLIPSE and film vs ECLIPSE were 82.8%, 70.9% and 87.6% respectively when 3% - 3mm criteria is used. When the criteria is changed to 5% - 5mm, the passing rates became 87.8%, 76.3% and 90.8% respectively. For 3D analysis, Anatomy vs ECLIPSE showed gamma passing rate of 86.4% and 93.3% for 3% - 3mm and 5% - 5mm respectively. The rate is 77.0% for Presage vs ECLIPSE analysis. The Anatomy vs ECLIPSE were absolute dose comparison. However, film and Presage analysis were relative comparison Conclusion: The results show higher passing rate in 3D than 2D in “Anatomy” software. This could be due to the higher degrees of freedom in 3D than in 2D for gamma analysis.« less
Maintenance and expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in biomimetic osteoblast niche.

PubMed

Tan, Jing; Liu, Ting; Hou, Li; Meng, Wentong; Wang, Yuchun; Zhi, Wei; Deng, Li

2010-10-01

In this study, we employed bio-derived bone scaffold and composited with the marrow mesenchymal stem cell induced into osteoblast to replicate a "biomimetic niche." The CD34(+) cells or mononuclear cells (MNC) from umbilical cord blood were cultured for 2-5 weeks in the biomimetic niche (3D system) was compared with conventional two dimensional cultures (2D system) without adding cytokine supplement. After 2 weeks in culture, the CD34(+) cells from umbilical cord blood in the 3D system increased 3.3-4.8 folds when compared with the initial CD34(+) cells. CD34(+)/CD38(-) cells accounted for 82-90% of CD34(+) cells. After 5 weeks, CD34(+)/CD38(-) cells in the 3D system increased when compared with initial (1.3 ± 0.3 × 10(3) vs. 1.0 ± 0.5 × 10(4), p < 0.05), but were decreased in the 2D system (1.3 ± 0.3 × 10(3) vs. 2.5 ± 0.7 × 10(2), p < 0.05). The CFU progenitors were produced more in the 3D system than in the 2D system (4.6-9.3 folds vs. 1.0-1.5 folds) after 2 weeks in culture, and the colony distribution in the 3D system manifested higher percentage of BFU-E and CFU-GEMM, but in the 2D system was mainly CFU-GM. The LTC-ICs in the 3D system showed 5.2-7.2 folds increase over input at 2 weeks in culture, and maintain the immaturation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) over 5 weeks. In conclusion, this new 3D hematopoietic progenitor cell culture system is the first to utilize natural cancellous bone as scaffold with osteoblasts as supporting cells; it is mimicry of natural bone marrow HSC niche. Our primary work has demonstrated it could maintain and expand HSC/HPC in vitro.
Department of the Navy Fiscal Year (FY) 2000/2001 Biennial Budget Estimates, Justification of Estimates, February 1999 Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Navy Budget Activity 5.

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-02-01

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[Sesquiterpenoids of Coniogramme maxima].

PubMed

Chen, Yunfei; Liu, Shoujin; Wang, Fei

2012-04-01

To study sesquiterpenoids of Coniogramme maxima. Chemical constituents were separated by chromatography and their structures were identified according to physicochemical property and spectrum data. Fifteen compounds were separated by chromatography technique. Their structures were determined by spectral data, including 10 sesquiterpenoids as (3S)-pteroside D (1), epi-pterosin L (2), pterosin D (3), onitin (4), pterosin Z (5), onitisin (6), onitisin-glucopyranoside (7), onitin-15-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), (2S,3R)-pterosin-L-2'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9) and (3R)-peterosin D-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10). The other compounds were uracil (11), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (12), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde (13), beta-sitosterol (14) and daucosterol (15). The above 15 compounds are separated from C. maxima for the first time, including 9 compounds being first separated from genus Coniogramme.
Design, synthesis, radiolabeling and in vivo evaluation of carbon-11 labeled N-[2-[4-(3-cyanopyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-3-methoxybenzamide, a potential Positron Emission Tomography tracer for the dopamine D4 receptors

PubMed Central

Lacivita, Enza; De Giorgio, Paola; Lee, Irene T.; Rodeheaver, Sean I.; Weiss, Bryan A.; Fracasso, Claudia; Caccia, Silvio; Berardi, Francesco; Perrone, Roberto; Zhang, Ming-Rong; Maeda, Jun; Higuchi, Makoto; Suhara, Tetsuya; Schetz, John A.; Leopoldo, Marcello

2010-01-01

Here we describe the design, synthesis, physicochemical, and pharmacological evaluation of D4 dopamine receptor ligands related to N-[2-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-3-methoxybenzamide (2). Structural features were incorporated to increase affinity for the target receptor, to improve selectivity over D2 and sigma1 receptors, to enable labeling with carbon-11 or fluorine-18, and to adjust lipophilicity within the range considered optimal for brain penetration and low nonspecific binding. Compounds 7 and 13 showed the overall best characteristics: nanomolar affinity for the D4 receptor, > 100-fold selectivity over D2 and D3 dopamine receptor 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C serotonin receptors and sigma1 receptors, and logP = 2.37–2.55. Following intraperitoneal administration, both compounds rapidly entered the central nervous system. The methoxy of N-[2-[4-(3-cyanopyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-3-methoxybenzamide (7) was radiolabelled with carbon-11 and subjected to PET analysis in non-human primate. [11C]7 time-dependently accumulated to saturation in the posterior eye in the region of the retina, a tissue containing a high density of D4 receptors. PMID:20873719
PubMed

Bissigo Pereira, Fernanda; Miraglia, Fernanda; Barbosa Schmitz, Caroline; Oliveira da Silva, Carmem Lúcia; Ramos Lazzarotto, Alexandre

2016-02-16

Objective: To evaluate macro and micronutrients intake of adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in use of antiretroviral therapy and compare it to the Dietary Reference Intakes. Methodology: Cross-sectional study conducted with adolescents of both genders with HIV/AIDS, assessing the dietary composition of macro and micronutrients, using the 24h dietary recall. Results: 39 adolescents, average age of 15 years, 51.3% males. The participants intake of total calories, total fiber (g/d), liposoluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), vitamin B5 (mg/d), vitamin B9 (mg/d), vitamin C (mg/d), calcium (mg/d), phosphorus (mg/d), potassium (mg/d), and magnesium (mg/d) was lower than recommended. The percentages of intake lower than recommended were 79.5% for calories, 82.1% for total fibers, 89.7% for vitamin A, 100% for vitamin D, 87.2% for vitamin E, 100% for vitamin K, 71.8% for vitamin B5, 82.1% for vitamin B9, 76.9% for vitamin C, 92.3% for calcium, 61.5% for phosphorus, 97.4% for potassium, and 76.9% for magnesium. The participants ingested more carbohydrates (g), proteins (g), vitamins B2 (mg/d), B3 (mg/d), B8 (mg/d) and sodium (g/d) than recommended, the percentages above the recommendations being 92.3% for carbohydrates, 64.1% for proteins and vitamin B2, 56.4% for vitamin B3, 82.1% for vitamin B8, and 59% for sodium. The remaining nutrients were within the amounts recommended by the DRIs. Conclusion: Food intake was inadequate as compared to the recommendations of the International Nutrition Guidelines.
Revised and extended analysis of the fourth spectrum of indium: In IV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Swapnil; Tauheed, A.

2013-11-01

The spectrum of triply ionized indium (In IV) has been investigated in the wavelength region 245-4443 Å. The In3+ is a Pd-like ion with the ground configuration 4p64d10. All levels of the low lying excited configurations 4d95p, 4d9ns (n=5-7), 4d95d and 4d85s2 have been reported earlier, while for the higher configurations 4d9np (n=6,7) and 4d9nf (n=4-11), only the J=1 levels radiatively decaying to the ground level have been reported. The present work extends the analysis to include the 4d96p, 4d96d, 4d94f and 4d95f configurations. A total 116 levels have been established, 56 of them being new. All the previously reported levels have been confirmed except 4d97s 3D1, 4d97p 3P1, 4d96f 3P1 and 4d85s23P1. The experimental data for the present work was recorded on a 3-m normal incidence spectrograph of St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish (Canada), as well as on the 10.7 m normal and grazing incidence spectrographs of the National institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (USA). In both laboratories, a triggered spark source was used. The wavelengths above 2000 Å were supplemented from Bhatia's thesis where an electrodeless discharge source was used. Theoretical predictions were made using Cowan's Hartree-Fock-relativstic atomic codes with superposition of configurations. Least squares fitted (LSF) parametric calculations were used to interpret the energy levels. For vacuum ultraviolet wavelength region our wavelength accuracy is ±0.005 Å. We estimate the ionization potential of In IV to be 450,921.7±86.0 cm-1 (55.9072±0.0106 eV).
Novel Therapeutic Targets to Treat Social Behavior Deficits in Autism and Related Disorders

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-01

2a. Effects of D- 22 on [3H] serotonin uptake in vitro We have made good progress toward characterizing D- 22 ’s ability to block serotonin (5- HT ...b. Fig 4. [3H] 5- HT Synaptosomal Uptake Blockade by D- 22 and Fluoxetine. D- 22 is effective in vitro at µM concentrations...c. In vivo chronoamperometry to measure the effect of D- 22 on 5- HT uptake In BTBR mice, the effects of systemic (i.p.) injection of D- 22 on in vivo
40 CFR 117.3 - Determination of reportable quantities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Chlorine A 10 (4.54) Chlorobenzene B 100 (45.4) Chloroform A 10 (4.54) Chlorosulfonic acid C 1,000 (454...) Hydrochloric acid D 5,000 (2,270) Hydrofluoric acid B 100 (45.4) Hydrogen cyanide A 10 (4.54) Hydrogen sulfide... (kilograms) Acetaldehyde C 1,000 (454) Acetic acid D 5,000 (2,270) Acetic anhydride D 5,000 (2,270) Acetone...
40 CFR 117.3 - Determination of reportable quantities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) Chlorine A 10 (4.54) Chlorobenzene B 100 (45.4) Chloroform A 10 (4.54) Chlorosulfonic acid C 1,000 (454...) Hydrochloric acid D 5,000 (2,270) Hydrofluoric acid B 100 (45.4) Hydrogen cyanide A 10 (4.54) Hydrogen sulfide... (kilograms) Acetaldehyde C 1,000 (454) Acetic acid D 5,000 (2,270) Acetic anhydride D 5,000 (2,270) Acetone...
40 CFR 117.3 - Determination of reportable quantities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) Chlorine A 10 (4.54) Chlorobenzene B 100 (45.4) Chloroform A 10 (4.54) Chlorosulfonic acid C 1,000 (454...) Hydrochloric acid D 5,000 (2,270) Hydrofluoric acid B 100 (45.4) Hydrogen cyanide A 10 (4.54) Hydrogen sulfide... (kilograms) Acetaldehyde C 1,000 (454) Acetic acid D 5,000 (2,270) Acetic anhydride D 5,000 (2,270) Acetone...
Probing the recognition surface of a DNA triplex: binding studies with intercalator-neomycin conjugates.

PubMed

Xue, Liang; Xi, Hongjuan; Kumar, Sunil; Gray, David; Davis, Erik; Hamilton, Paris; Skriba, Michael; Arya, Dev P

2010-07-06

Thermodynamic studies on the interactions between intercalator-neomycin conjugates and a DNA polynucleotide triplex [poly(dA).2poly(dT)] were conducted. To draw a complete picture of such interactions, naphthalene diimide-neomycin (3) and anthraquinone-neomycin (4) conjugates were synthesized and used together with two other analogues, previously synthesized pyrene-neomycin (1) and BQQ-neomycin (2) conjugates, in our investigations. A combination of experiments, including UV denaturation, circular dichroism (CD) titration, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), revealed that all four conjugates (1-4) stabilized poly(dA).2poly(dT) much more than its parent compound, neomycin. UV melting experiments clearly showed that the temperature (T(m3-->2)) at which poly(dA).2poly(dT) dissociated into poly(dA).poly(dT) and poly(dT) increased dramatically (>12 degrees C) in the presence of intercalator-neomycin conjugates (1-4) even at a very low concentration (2 muM). In contrast to intercalator-neomycin conjugates, the increment of T(m3-->2) of poly(dA).2poly(dT) induced by neomycin was negligible under the same conditions. The binding preference of intercalator-neomycin conjugates (1-4) to poly(dA).2poly(dT) was also confirmed by competition dialysis and a fluorescent intercalator displacement assay. Circular dichroism titration studies revealed that compounds 1-4 had slightly larger binding site size ( approximately 7-7.5) with poly(dA).2poly(dT) as compared to neomycin ( approximately 6.5). The thermodynamic parameters of these intercalator-neomycin conjugates with poly(dA).2poly(dT) were derived from an integrated van't Hoff equation using the T(m3-->2) values, the binding site size numbers, and other parameters obtained from DSC and ITC. The binding affinity of all tested ligands with poly(dA).2poly(dT) increased in the following order: neomycin < 1 < 3 < 4 < 2. Among them, the binding constant [(2.7 +/- 0.3) x 10(8) M(-1)] of 2 with poly(dA).2poly(dT) was the highest, almost 1000-fold greater than that of neomycin. The binding of compounds 1-4 with poly(dA).2poly(dT) was mostly enthalpy-driven and gave negative DeltaC(p) values. The results described here suggest that the binding affinity of intercalator-neomycin conjugates for poly(dA).2poly(dT) increases as a function of the surface area of the intercalator moiety.
Toxicology of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its determination in serum and brain tissue using gas chromatography-electron-capture detection.

PubMed

Oliveira, G H; Palermo-Neto, J

1995-01-01

A gas-liquid chromatographic method with an electron-capture detector was applied for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) determination in the serum and brain tissue of rats acutely intoxicated with the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-D. After extraction with ethyl ether, 2,4-D derivatization was performed using 2-chloroethanol and BCI3. The average recovery values found for serum and brain tissue were 98.5 +/- 4.8 and 93.3 +/- 7.5, respectively. The sensitivity limit of the method was 250 ng/mL for serum and 300 ng/g for brain tissue. The toxic effects of 2,4-D in rats were observed within one-half hour after its oral administration. Results suggest that the toxic mechanism of 2,4-D is related to an action on the central nervous system.

Three 3D hybrid networks based on octamolybdates and different Cu{sup I}/Cu{sup II}-bis(triazole) motifs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Chun-Jing; Pang, Hai-Jun; Tang, Qun

2010-12-15

Three 3D compounds based on octamolybdate clusters and various Cu{sup I}/Cu{sup II}-bis(triazole) motifs, [Cu{sup I}{sub 2}btb][{beta}-Mo{sub 8}O{sub 26}]{sub 0.5} (1), [Cu{sup I}{sub 2}btpe][{beta}-Mo{sub 8}O{sub 26}]{sub 0.5} (2), and [Cu{sup II}(btpe){sub 2}][{beta}-Mo{sub 8}O{sub 26}]{sub 0.5} (3) [btb=1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane, btpe=1,5-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentane], were isolated via tuning flexible ligand spacer length and metal coordination preferences. In 1, the copper(I)-btb motif is a one-dimensional (1D) chain which is further linked by hexadentate {beta}-[Mo{sub 8}O{sub 26}]{sup 4-} clusters via coordinating to Cu{sup I} cations giving a 3D structure. In 2, the copper(I)-btpe motif exhibits a 'stairs'-like [Cu{sup I}{sub 2}btpe]{sup 2+} sheet, and the tetradentate {beta}-[Mo{sub 8}O{sub 26}]{sup 4-}more » clusters interact with two neighboring [Cu{sup I}{sub 2}btpe]{sup 2+} sheets constructing a 3D framework. In 3, the copper(II)-btpe motif possesses a novel (2D{yields}3D) interdigitated structure, which is further connected by the tetradentate {beta}-[Mo{sub 8}O{sub 26}]{sup 4-} clusters forming a 3D framework. The thermal stability and luminescent properties of 1-3 are investigated in the solid state. -- Graphical abstract: Three 3D compounds based on {beta}-[Mo{sub 8}O{sub 26}]{sup 4-} clusters with different Cu{sup I}/Cu{sup II}-bis(triazole) motifs were synthesized by regularly tuning flexible ligand spacer length and metal coordination preferences. Display Omitted« less
SU-E-J-240: Development of a Novel 4D MRI Sequence for Real-Time Liver Tumor Tracking During Radiotherapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhuang, L; Burmeister, J; Ye, Y

2015-06-15

Purpose: To develop a Novel 4D MRI Technique that is feasible for realtime liver tumor tracking during radiotherapy. Methods: A volunteer underwent an abdominal 2D fast EPI coronal scan on a 3.0T MRI scanner (Siemens Inc., Germany). An optimal set of parameters was determined based on image quality and scan time. A total of 23 slices were scanned to cover the whole liver in the test scan. For each scan position, the 2D images were retrospectively sorted into multiple phases based on breathing signal extracted from the images. Consequently the 2D slices with same phase numbers were stacked to formmore » one 3D image. Multiple phases of 3D images formed the 4D MRI sequence representing one breathing cycle. Results: The optimal set of scan parameters were: TR= 57ms, TE= 19ms, FOV read= 320mm and flip angle= 30°, which resulted in a total scan time of 14s for 200 frames (FMs) per slice and image resolution of (2.5mm,2.5mm,5.0mm) in three directions. Ten phases of 3D images were generated, each of which had 23 slices. Based on our test scan, only 100FMs were necessary for the phase sorting process which may lower the scan time to 7s/100FMs/slice. For example, only 5 slices/35s are necessary for a 4D MRI scan to cover liver tumor size ≤ 2cm leading to the possibility of tumor trajectory tracking every 35s during treatment. Conclusion: The novel 4D MRI technique we developed can reconstruct a 4D liver MRI sequence representing one breathing cycle (7s/ slice) without an external monitor. This technique can potentially be used for real-time liver tumor tracking during radiotherapy.« less
Building blocks for the synthesis of glycosyl-myo-inositols involved in the insulin intracellular signalling process.

PubMed

Zapata, A; Martín-Lomas, M

1992-10-09

Glycosylation of (+/- )-1-O-benzyl-2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-myo-inositol (4) with 6-O-acetyl-4-O-allyl-2-azido-3-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (6) gave the 4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)- myo-inositol derivative (9) as a mixture of diastereoisomers which could be resolved by chromatography. Likewise alpha-glycosylation of 4 with 6-O-acetyl-2-azido-3-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta- D- galactopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (10) gave the corresponding pseudotrisaccharide derivative 16 as a mixture of diastereomers which could be resolved partially by chromatography. alpha-Glycosylation of enantiomerically pure 2,3:5,6- (18) and 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-1-O-menthoxycarbonyl-myo-inositol (19) with 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (20) gave the pseudodisaccharide derivatives 21 and 22, respectively. Likewise, alpha-glycosylation of 18 with 10 afforded a pseudotrisaccharide derivative (23).
Establishment of ruminal enzyme activities and fermentation capacity in dairy calves from birth through weaning.

PubMed

Rey, M; Enjalbert, F; Monteils, V

2012-03-01

The objectives of this study were to characterize the establishment of ruminal fermentation and enzymatic activities in dairy calves from birth to weaning (d 83). Six Holstein calves, immediately separated from their mother at birth, were fed colostrum for 3 d after birth, and thereafter milk replacer, starter pelleted concentrate, and hay until d 83 of age. Ruminal samples were collected from each calf every day for the first 10 d, and additionally at d 12, 15, 19, 22, 26, 29, 33, 36, 40, 43, 47, 50, 55, 62, 69, and 83. Ruminal samples were collected 1h after milk feeding with a stomach tube. The pH and redox potential (E(h)) were immediately measured. Samples were kept for further determination of ammonia nitrogen (NH(3)-N) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, and xylanase, amylase, urease, and protease activities. Ruminal pH averaged 6.69, 5.82, and 6.34, from d 1 to 9, d 10 to 40, and d 43 to 83 of age, respectively. At first day of life, the ruminal E(h) value was positive (+224 mV). From d 2 to 9, d 10 to 40, and d 43 to 83 of age, ruminal E(h) averaged -164, -115, and -141 mV, respectively. From d 1 to 3, d 4 to 22, and d 26 to 83 of age, NH(3)-N concentration averaged 60.1, 179.8, and 58.2 mg/L, respectively. No VFA were detected in ruminal samples collected on d 1 of life of calves. From d 2 to 10 and d 12 to 83 of age, ruminal total VFA concentration averaged 19.5 and 84.4mM, respectively. Neither ruminal xylanase or amylase activities were observed at d 1 of age. From d 5 to 15 and d 19 to 83 of age, the xylanase activity averaged 182.2 and 62.4 μmol of sugar released per hour per gram of ruminal content dry matter (DM), respectively. From d 5 to 83 of age, the amylase activity reached 35.4 μmol of sugar released per hour per gram of ruminal content DM. The ruminal ureolytic activity was observed with an average value of 6.9 μg of NH(3)-N released per minute per gram of ruminal content DM over the 83-d experimental period. From d 1 to 4 and d 5 to 83 of age, the proteolytic activity was 8.2 and 27.9 optical density units per hour per gram of ruminal content DM, respectively. The fermentative and enzymatic activities were rapidly established in the rumen from d 2 after birth. Most parameters did not evolve further after 1 mo of age. Copyright © 2012 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Banerjee, Surajit; Christov, Plamen P.; Kozekova, Albena

trans-4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) is the major peroxidation product of {omega}-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in vivo. Michael addition of the N{sub 2}-amino group of dGuo to HNE followed by ring closure of N1 onto the aldehyde results in four diastereomeric 1,N{sub 2}-dGuo (1,N{sub 2}-HNE-dGuo) adducts. The (6S,8R,11S)-HNE-1,N{sub 2}-dGuo adduct was incorporated into the 18-mer templates 5'-d(TCATXGAATCCTTCCCCC)-3' and d(TCACXGAATCCTTCCCCC)-3', where X = (6S,8R,11S)-HNE-1,N{sub 2}-dGuo adduct. These differed in the identity of the template 5'-neighbor base, which was either Thy or Cyt, respectively. Each of these templates was annealed with either a 13-mer primer 5'-d(GGGGGAAGGATTC)-3' or a 14-mer primer 5'-d(GGGGGAAGGATTCC)-3'. The addition of dNTPsmore » to the 13-mer primer allowed analysis of dNTP insertion opposite to the (6S,8R,11S)-HNE-1,N{sub 2}-dGuo adduct, whereas the 14-mer primer allowed analysis of dNTP extension past a primed (6S,8R,11S)-HNE-1,N{sub 2}-dGuo:dCyd pair. The Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) belongs to the Y-family of error-prone polymerases. Replication bypass studies in vitro reveal that this polymerase inserted dNTPs opposite the (6S,8R,11S)-HNE-1,N{sub 2}-dGuo adduct in a sequence-specific manner. If the template 5'-neighbor base was dCyt, the polymerase inserted primarily dGTP, whereas if the template 5'-neighbor base was dThy, the polymerase inserted primarily dATP. The latter event would predict low levels of Gua {yields} Thy mutations during replication bypass when the template 5'-neighbor base is dThy. When presented with a primed (6S,8R,11S)-HNE-1,N{sub 2}-dGuo:dCyd pair, the polymerase conducted full-length primer extension. Structures for ternary (Dpo4-DNA-dNTP) complexes with all four template-primers were obtained. For the 18-mer:13-mer template-primers in which the polymerase was confronted with the (6S,8R,11S)-HNE-1,N{sub 2}-dGuo adduct, the (6S,8R,11S)-1,N{sub 2}-dGuo lesion remained in the ring-closed conformation at the active site. The incoming dNTP, either dGTP or dATP, was positioned with Watson-Crick pairing opposite the template 5'-neighbor base, dCyt or dThy, respectively. In contrast, for the 18-mer:14-mer template-primers with a primed (6S,8R,11S)-HNE-1,N{sub 2}-dGuo:dCyd pair, ring opening of the adduct to the corresponding N{sub 2}-dGuo aldehyde species occurred. This allowed Watson-Crick base pairing at the (6S,8R,11S)-HNE-1,N{sub 2}-dGuo:dCyd pair.« less
Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy of Ruddlesden-Popper Srn+1TinO3n+1 (n = 1,2,3) Thin Films

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-29

permittivity, strontium compounds N. D. Orloff, W. Tian, C. J. Fennie , C. H. Lee, D. Gu, J. Mateu, X. X. Xi, K. M. Rabe, D. G. Schlom, I. Takeuchi, J...of Ruddlesden–Popper Srn+1TinO3n+1 (n = 1,2,3) thin films N. D. Orloff, W. Tian, C. J. Fennie , C. H. Lee, D. Gu et al. Citation: Appl. Phys. Lett... Fennie ,4 C. H. Lee,3,5 D. Gu,2 J. Mateu,6 X. X. Xi,5 K. M. Rabe,7 D. G. Schlom,3 I. Takeuchi,1 and J. C. Booth2 1Department of Materials Science and
2D:4D digit ratio is not a biomarker of developmental programming in baboons (Papio hamadryas species).

PubMed

Huber, Hillary F; Li, Cun; Nathanielsz, Peter W

2018-02-01

We hypothesized second-to-fourth hand digit ratio (2D:4D) is a biomarker of developmental programming in 3 baboon groups: intrauterine growth restriction (7 females, 8 males), exposure during fetal life to synthetic glucocorticoids (4 females, 5 males), and controls (66 females, 20 males). 2D:4D was similar between sexes and groups. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Observation of a Neutral Structure near the D D¯* Mass Threshold in e+e-→(D D¯ *)0π0 at √{s }=4.226 and 4.257 GeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ablikim, M.; Achasov, M. N.; Ai, X. C.; Albayrak, O.; Albrecht, M.; Ambrose, D. J.; Amoroso, A.; An, F. F.; An, Q.; Bai, J. Z.; Ferroli, R. Baldini; Ban, Y.; Bennett, D. W.; Bennett, J. V.; Bertani, M.; Bettoni, D.; Bian, J. M.; Bianchi, F.; Boger, E.; Boyko, I.; Briere, R. A.; Cai, H.; Cai, X.; Cakir, O.; Calcaterra, A.; Cao, G. F.; Cetin, S. A.; Chang, J. F.; Chelkov, G.; Chen, G.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, H. Y.; Chen, J. C.; Chen, M. L.; Chen, S. Chen; Chen, S. J.; Chen, X.; Chen, X. R.; Chen, Y. B.; Cheng, H. P.; Chu, X. K.; Cibinetto, G.; Dai, H. L.; Dai, J. P.; Dbeyssi, A.; Dedovich, D.; Deng, Z. Y.; Denig, A.; Denysenko, I.; Destefanis, M.; de Mori, F.; Ding, Y.; Dong, C.; Dong, J.; Dong, L. Y.; Dong, M. Y.; Du, S. X.; Duan, P. F.; Fan, J. Z.; Fang, J.; Fang, S. S.; Fang, X.; Fang, Y.; Fava, L.; Feldbauer, F.; Felici, G.; Feng, C. Q.; Fioravanti, E.; Fritsch, M.; Fu, C. D.; Gao, Q.; Gao, X. L.; Gao, X. Y.; Gao, Y.; Gao, Z.; Garzia, I.; Goetzen, K.; Gong, W. X.; Gradl, W.; Greco, M.; Gu, M. H.; Gu, Y. T.; Guan, Y. H.; Guo, A. Q.; Guo, L. B.; Guo, R. P.; Guo, Y.; Guo, Y. P.; Haddadi, Z.; Hafner, A.; Han, S.; Hao, X. Q.; Harris, F. A.; He, K. L.; He, X. Q.; Held, T.; Heng, Y. K.; Hou, Z. L.; Hu, C.; Hu, H. M.; Hu, J. F.; Hu, T.; Hu, Y.; Huang, G. M.; Huang, G. S.; Huang, J. S.; Huang, X. T.; Huang, Y.; Hussain, T.; Ji, Q.; Ji, Q. P.; Ji, X. B.; Ji, X. L.; Jiang, L. W.; Jiang, X. S.; Jiang, X. Y.; Jiao, J. B.; Jiao, Z.; Jin, D. P.; Jin, S.; Johansson, T.; Julin, A.; Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N.; Kang, X. L.; Kang, X. S.; Kavatsyuk, M.; Ke, B. C.; Kiese, P.; Kliemt, R.; Kloss, B.; Kolcu, O. B.; Kopf, B.; Kornicer, M.; Kühn, W.; Kupsc, A.; Lange, J. S.; Lara, M.; Larin, P.; Leng, C.; Li, C.; Li, Cheng; Li, D. M.; Li, F.; Li, F. Y.; Li, G.; Li, H. B.; Li, H. J.; Li, J. C.; Li, Jin; Li, K.; Li, K.; Li, Lei; Li, P. R.; Li, T.; Li, W. D.; Li, W. G.; Li, X. L.; Li, X. M.; Li, X. N.; Li, X. Q.; Li, Z. B.; Liang, H.; Liang, J. J.; Liang, Y. F.; Liang, Y. T.; Liao, G. R.; Lin, D. X.; Liu, B. J.; Liu, C. X.; Liu, D.; Liu, F. H.; Liu, Fang; Liu, Feng; Liu, H. B.; Liu, H. H.; Liu, H. H.; Liu, H. M.; Liu, J.; Liu, J. B.; Liu, J. P.; Liu, J. Y.; Liu, K.; Liu, K. Y.; Liu, L. D.; Liu, P. L.; Liu, Q.; Liu, S. B.; Liu, X.; Liu, Y. B.; Liu, Z. A.; Liu, Zhiqing; Loehner, H.; Lou, X. C.; Lu, H. J.; Lu, J. G.; Lu, Y.; Lu, Y. P.; Luo, C. L.; Luo, M. X.; Luo, T.; Luo, X. L.; Lyu, X. R.; Ma, F. C.; Ma, H. L.; Ma, L. L.; Ma, M. M.; Ma, Q. M.; Ma, T.; Ma, X. N.; Ma, X. Y.; Maas, F. E.; Maggiora, M.; Mao, Y. J.; Mao, Z. P.; Marcello, S.; Messchendorp, J. G.; Min, J.; Mitchell, R. E.; Mo, X. H.; Mo, Y. J.; Morales, C. Morales; Moriya, K.; Muchnoi, N. Yu.; Muramatsu, H.; Nefedov, Y.; Nerling, F.; Nikolaev, I. B.; Ning, Z.; Nisar, S.; Niu, S. L.; Niu, X. Y.; Olsen, S. L.; Ouyang, Q.; Pacetti, S.; Pan, Y.; Patteri, P.; Pelizaeus, M.; Peng, H. P.; Peters, K.; Pettersson, J.; Ping, J. L.; Ping, R. G.; Poling, R.; Prasad, V.; Qi, M.; Qian, S.; Qiao, C. F.; Qin, L. Q.; Qin, N.; Qin, X. S.; Qin, Z. H.; Qiu, J. F.; Rashid, K. H.; Redmer, C. F.; Ripka, M.; Rong, G.; Rosner, Ch.; Ruan, X. D.; Sarantsev, A.; Savrié, M.; Schoenning, K.; Schumann, S.; Shan, W.; Shao, M.; Shen, C. P.; Shen, P. X.; Shen, X. Y.; Sheng, H. Y.; Shi, M.; Song, W. M.; Song, X. Y.; Sosio, S.; Spataro, S.; Sun, G. X.; Sun, J. F.; Sun, S. S.; Sun, X. H.; Sun, Y. J.; Sun, Y. Z.; Sun, Z. J.; Sun, Z. T.; Tang, C. J.; Tang, X.; Tapan, I.; Thorndike, E. H.; Tiemens, M.; Ullrich, M.; Uman, I.; Varner, G. S.; Wang, B.; Wang, D.; Wang, D. Y.; Wang, K.; Wang, L. L.; Wang, L. S.; Wang, M.; Wang, P.; Wang, P. L.; Wang, S. G.; Wang, W.; Wang, W. P.; Wang, X. F.; Wang, Y. D.; Wang, Y. F.; Wang, Y. Q.; Wang, Z.; Wang, Z. G.; Wang, Z. H.; Wang, Z. Y.; Wang, Z. Y.; Weber, T.; Wei, D. H.; Wei, J. B.; Weidenkaff, P.; Wen, S. P.; Wiedner, U.; Wolke, M.; Wu, L. H.; Wu, L. J.; Wu, Z.; Xia, L.; Xia, L. G.; Xia, Y.; Xiao, D.; Xiao, H.; Xiao, Z. J.; Xie, Y. G.; Xiu, Q. L.; Xu, G. F.; Xu, J. J.; Xu, L.; Xu, Q. J.; Xu, X. P.; Yan, L.; Yan, W. B.; Yan, W. C.; Yan, Y. H.; Yang, H. J.; Yang, H. X.; Yang, L.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Y. X.; Ye, M.; Ye, M. H.; Yin, J. H.; Yu, B. X.; Yu, C. X.; Yu, J. S.; Yuan, C. Z.; Yuan, W. L.; Yuan, Y.; Yuncu, A.; Zafar, A. A.; Zallo, A.; Zeng, Y.; Zeng, Z.; Zhang, B. X.; Zhang, B. Y.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, C. C.; Zhang, D. H.; Zhang, H. H.; Zhang, H. Y.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, J. J.; Zhang, J. L.; Zhang, J. Q.; Zhang, J. W.; Zhang, J. Y.; Zhang, J. Z.; Zhang, K.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, X. Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y. N.; Zhang, Y. H.; Zhang, Y. T.; Zhang, Yu; Zhang, Z. H.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Zhao, G.; Zhao, J. W.; Zhao, J. Y.; Zhao, J. Z.; Zhao, Lei; Zhao, Ling; Zhao, M. G.; Zhao, Q.; Zhao, Q. W.; Zhao, S. J.; Zhao, T. C.; Zhao, Y. B.; Zhao, Z. G.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zheng, B.; Zheng, J. P.; Zheng, W. J.; Zheng, Y. H.; Zhong, B.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, X.; Zhou, X. K.; Zhou, X. R.; Zhou, X. Y.; Zhu, K.; Zhu, K. J.; Zhu, S.; Zhu, S. H.; Zhu, X. L.; Zhu, Y. C.; Zhu, Y. S.; Zhu, Z. A.; Zhuang, J.; Zotti, L.; Zou, B. S.; Zou, J. H.; Besiii Collaboration

2015-11-01

A neutral structure in the D D¯* system around the D D¯* mass threshold is observed with a statistical significance greater than 10 σ in the processes e+e-→D+D*-π0+c . c . and e+e-→D0D¯ *0π0+c . c . at √{s }=4.226 and 4.257 GeV in the BESIII experiment. The structure is denoted as Zc(3885 )0. Assuming the presence of a resonance, its pole mass and width are determined to be [3885. 7-5.7+4.3 (stat )±8.4 (syst )] MeV /c2 and [3 5-12+11(stat )±15 (syst )] MeV , respectively. The Born cross sections are measured to be σ [e+e-→Zc(3885 )0π0,Zc(3885 )0→D D¯ *]=[77 ±13 (stat )±17 (syst )] pb at 4.226 GeV and [47 ±9 (stat )±10 (syst )] pb at 4.257 GeV. The ratio of decay rates B [Zc(3885 )0→D+D*-+c .c .] /B [Zc(3885 )0→D0D¯ *0+c .c .] is determined to be 0.96 ±0.18 (stat )±0.12 (syst ) , consistent with no isospin violation in the process, Zc(3885 )0→D D¯*.
WE-D-BRA-03: Four-Dimensional Dose Reconstruction Through Retrospective Phase Determination Using Cine Images of Electronic Portal Imaging Device

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yoon, J; Jung, J; Yi, B

2015-06-15

Purpose: To test a method to reconstruct a four-dimensional (4D) dose distribution using the correlation of pre-calculated 4D electronic portal imaging device (EPID) images and measured cine-EPID images. Methods: 1. A phantom designed to simulate a tumor in lung (a polystyrene block with 3.0 cm diameter embedded in cork) was placed on a sinusoidally moving platform with 2 cm amplitude and 4 sec/cycle. Ten-phase 4D CT images were acquired for treatment planning and dose reconstruction. A 6MV photon beam was irradiated on the phantom with static (field size=5×8.5 cm{sup 2}) and dynamic fields (sliding windows, 10×10 cm{sup 2}, X1 MLCmore » closing in parallel with the tumor movement). 2. 4D and 3D doses were calculated forwardly on PTV (1 cm margin). 3. Dose images on EPID under the fields were calculated for 10 phases. 4. Cine EPID images were acquired during irradiation. 5. Their acquisition times were correlated to the phases of the phantom at which irradiation occurred by inter-comparing calculated “reference” EPID images with measured images (2D gamma comparison). For the dynamic beam, the tumor was hidden under MLCs during a portion of irradiation time; the correlation performed when the tumor was visible was extrapolated. 6. Dose for each phase was reconstructed on the 4D CT images and summed over all phases. The summation was compared with forwardly calculated 4D and 3D dose distributions. Monte Carlo methods were used for all calculations. Results: For the open and dynamic beams, the 4D reconstructed doses showed the pass rates of 92.7 % and 100 %, respectively, at the isocenter plane given 3% / 3 mm criteria. The better agreement of the dynamic beam was from its dose gradient which blurred the otherwise sharp difference between forward and reconstructed doses. This also contributed slightly better agreement in DVH of PTV. Conclusion: The feasibility of 4D reconstruction was demonstrated.« less
Photo-induced degradation of some flavins in aqueous solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holzer, W.; Shirdel, J.; Zirak, P.; Penzkofer, A.; Hegemann, P.; Deutzmann, R.; Hochmuth, E.

2005-01-01

The blue-light induced photo-degradation of FMN, FAD, riboflavin, lumiflavin, and lumichrome in aqueous solution at pH 8 is studied by measurement of absorption coefficient spectral changes due to continuous excitation at 428 nm. The quantum yields of photo-degradation determined are ϕD(riboflavin, pH 8) ≈ 7.8 × 10 -3, ϕD(FMN, pH 5.6) ≈ 7.3 × 10 -3, ϕD(FMN, pH 8) ≈ 4.6 × 10 -3, ϕD(FAD, pH 8) ≈ 3.7 × 10 -4, ϕD(lumichrome, pH 8) ≈ 1.8 × 10 -4, and ϕD(lumiflavin, pH 8) ⩽ 1.1 × 10 -5. In a mass-spectroscopic analysis, the photo-products of FMN dissolved in water (solution pH is 5.6) were identified to be lumichrome and the lumiflavin derivatives dihydroxymethyllumiflavin, formyllumiflavin, and lumiflavin-hydroxy-acetaldehyde. An absorption and emission spectroscopic characterisation of the primary photoproducts of FMN at pH 8 is carried out.
Thotneosides A, B and C: potent antioxidants from nepalese crude drug, leaves of Aconogonon molle.

PubMed

Joshi, Khem Raj; Devkota, Hari Prasad; Watanabe, Takashi; Yahara, Shoji

2014-01-01

Three new glycosides: thotneoside A (quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-phenylacetyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside) (1), thotneoside B (quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-phenylacetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside) (2) and thotneoside C (3-methyl-2-butenoic acid 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) (3), together with nine known compounds; quercetin (4), quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (5), quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-galloyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside (6), quercetin 3-O-β-D-galacturonopyranoside (7), quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (8), quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (9), rutin (10), quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (11) and 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12) have been isolated from the shade dried leaves of Aconogonon molle, commonly known as "Thotne″ in Nepal. The structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods. All of these compounds were isolated for the first time from A. molle and their in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Quercetin (4) and its glycosides (1-2, 5-11) showed potent free radical scavenging activity.
Contrast-enhanced time-resolved 4D MRA of congenital heart and vessel anomalies: image quality and diagnostic value compared with 3D MRA.

PubMed

Vogt, Florian M; Theysohn, Jens M; Michna, Dariusz; Hunold, Peter; Neudorf, Ulrich; Kinner, Sonja; Barkhausen, Jörg; Quick, Harald H

2013-09-01

To evaluate time-resolved interleaved stochastic trajectories (TWIST) contrast-enhanced 4D magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and compare it with 3D FLASH MRA in patients with congenital heart and vessel anomalies. Twenty-six patients with congenital heart and vessel anomalies underwent contrast-enhanced MRA with both 3D FLASH and 4D TWIST MRA. Images were subjectively evaluated regarding total image quality, artefacts, diagnostic value and added diagnostic value of 4D dynamic imaging. Quantitative comparison included signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and vessel sharpness measurements. Three-dimensional FLASH MRA was judged to be significantly better in terms of image quality (4.0 ± 0.6 vs 3.4 ± 0.6, P < 0.05) and artefacts (3.8 ± 0.4 vs 3.3 ± 0.5, P < 0.05); no difference in diagnostic value was found (4.2 ± 0.4 vs 4.0 ± 0.4); important additional functional information was found in 21/26 patients. SNR and CNR were higher in the pulmonary trunk in 4D TWIST, but slightly higher in the systemic arteries in 3D FLASH. No difference in vessel sharpness delineation was found. Although image quality was inferior compared with 3D FLASH MRA, 4D TWIST MRA yields robust images and added diagnostic value through dynamic acquisition was found. Thus, 4D TWIST MRA is an attractive alternative to 3D FLASH MRA. • New magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) techniques are increasingly introduced for congenital cardiovascular problems. • Time-resolved angiography with interleaved stochastic trajectories (TWIST) is an example. • Four-dimensional TWIST MRA provided inferior image quality compared to 3D FLASH MRA but without significant difference in vessel sharpness. • Four-dimensional TWIST MRA gave added diagnostic value.
Mandolin Family Instruments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cohen, David J.; Rossing, Thomas D.

The mandolin family of instruments consists of plucked chordophones, each having eight strings in four double courses. With the exception of the mandobass, the courses are tuned in intervals of fifths, as are the strings in violin family instruments. The soprano member of the family is the mandolin, tuned G3-D4-A4-E5. The alto member of the family is the mandola, tuned C3-G3-D4-A4. The mandola is usually referred to simply as the mandola in the USA, but is called the tenor mandola in Europe. The tenor member of the family is the octave mandolin, tuned G2-D3-A3-E4. It is referred to as the octave mandolin in the USA, and as the octave mandola in Europe. The baritone member of the family is the mandocello, or mandoloncello, tuned C2-G2-D3-A3. A variant of the mandocello not common in the USA is the five-course liuto moderno, or simply liuto, designed for solo repertoire. Its courses are tuned C2-G2-D3-A3-E4. A mandobass was also made by more than one manufacturer during the early twentieth century, though none are manufactured today. They were fretted instruments with single string courses tuned E1-A1-D2-G2. There are currently a few luthiers making piccolo mandolins, tuned C4-G4-D5-A5.
Use of multivitamin, acidifier and Azolla in the diet of broiler chickens.

PubMed

Islam, M A; Nishibori, M

2017-05-01

The experiments were carried out to measure the effect of multivitamin, acidifier and Azolla on growth performance, profitability and lipid profiles of blood of broiler chickens to produce safe and cost effective broilers. In experiment 1, 240 day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were fed diets; D 1 (control), D 2 (D 1 with 1 mL multivitamin/liter water), D 3 (D 1 with 1 mL acidifier/liter water), D 4 (D 1 with 1 mL multivitamin and 2 mL acidifier/liter water) having 3 replications in each, and 20 chicks/replication. In experiment 2, 150 day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were fed diets; T 1 (control), T 2 (5% Azolla in the diet), T 3 (7% Azolla in the diet) and T 4 (T 1 with 1 mL multivitamin and 1 mL acidifier/liter water) having 3 replications in each, and 20 chicks/replication in control, and 10 chicks/replication in the remaining dietary treatment groups for 35 days. In experiment 1, the highest live weight was observed in D 4 (p<0.05), however, feed intake was statistically similar between diets (p>0.05). The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p<0.001) and mortality (p<0.05) were observed in D 2 followed by D 4 , D 1 , and D 3 , respectively. There were no significant differences between diets for feed cost and net profit (p>0.05). However, evidently but not significantly, the highest net profit was obtained in D 2 followed by D 4 , D 1 , and D 3 , respectively. In experiment 2, the highest live weight (p<0.05) and feed intake (p<0.001) were observed in T 4 . Mortality (p<0.01), FCR (p<0.01), feed cost (p<0.05) and net profit (p<0.05) were significantly different among diets. Considering net profit, T 2 was the best performing dietary group followed by T 3 , T 1 , and T 4 , respectively. The lowest lipid profiles were observed in D 3 followed by D 1 , D 4 , and D 2 , respectively (p<0.05). In experiment 2, the lowest total cholesterol, TG, and the highest amount of high density lipoprotein were observed in T 2 , followed by T 3 , T 1 , and T 4 , respectively (p<0.05). Evidently but not significantly, low density lipoprotein was the highest in T 2 followed by T 3 , T 4 , and T 1 , respectively (p>0.05). In conclusion, Azolla and acidifier reduced lipid profiles of broiler chickens. Considering net profit and lipid profiles, 5% Azolla may be the suitable dietary group for producing safe and profitable broilers. However, more studies are needed to confirm this study prior to suggesting using Azolla in the poultry industry.
Isolation of Erwinia chrysanthemi kduD mutants altered in pectin degradation.

PubMed Central

Condemine, G; Hugouvieux-Cotte-Pattat, N; Robert-Baudouy, J

1986-01-01

Mutants of Erwinia chrysanthemi impaired in pectin degradation were isolated by chemical and Mu d(Ap lac) insertion mutagenesis. A mutation in the kduD gene coding for 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate oxidoreductase prevented the growth of the bacteria on polygalacturonate as the sole carbon source. Analysis of the kduD::Mu d(Ap lac) insertions indicated that kduD is either an isolated gene or the last gene of a polycistronic operon. Some of the Mu d(Ap lac) insertions were kduD-lac fusions in which beta-galactosidase synthesis reflected kduD gene expression. In all these fusions, beta-galactosidase activity was shown to be sensitive to catabolite repression by glucose and to be inducible by polygalacturonate, galacturonate, and other intermediates of polygalacturonate catabolism. Galacturonate-mediated induction was prevented by a mutation which blocked its metabolism to 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate. 2-Keto-3-deoxygluconate appeared to be the true inducer of kduD expression resulting from galacturonate degradation. 5-Keto-4-deoxyuronate or 2,5-diketo-3-deoxygluconate were the true inducers, originating from polygalacturonate cleavage. These three intermediates also appeared to induce pectate lyases, oligogalacturonate lyase, and 5-keto-4-deoxyuronate isomerase synthesis. PMID:3949717
Comparison of Doxycycline, Minocycline, Doxycycline plus Albendazole and Albendazole Alone in Their Efficacy against Onchocerciasis in a Randomized, Open-Label, Pilot Trial

PubMed Central

Batsa, Linda; Ayisi-Boateng, Nana Kwame; Osei-Mensah, Jubin; Mubarik, Yusif; Konadu, Peter; Ricchiuto, Arcangelo; Fimmers, Rolf; Arriens, Sandra; Dubben, Bettina; Ford, Louise; Taylor, Mark; Hoerauf, Achim

2017-01-01

The search for new macrofilaricidal drugs against onchocerciasis that can be administered in shorter regimens than required for doxycycline (DOX, 200mg/d given for 4–6 weeks), identified minocycline (MIN) with superior efficacy to DOX. Further reduction in the treatment regimen may be achieved with co-administration with standard anti-filarial drugs. Therefore a randomized, open-label, pilot trial was carried out in an area in Ghana endemic for onchocerciasis, comprising 5 different regimens: the standard regimen DOX 200mg/d for 4 weeks (DOX 4w, N = 33), the experimental regimens MIN 200mg/d for 3 weeks (MIN 3w; N = 30), DOX 200mg/d for 3 weeks plus albendazole (ALB) 800mg/d for 3 days (DOX 3w + ALB 3d, N = 32), DOX 200mg/d for 3 weeks (DOX 3w, N = 31) and ALB 800mg for 3 days (ALB 3d, N = 30). Out of 158 randomized participants, 116 (74.4%) were present for the follow-up at 6 months of whom 99 participants (63.5%) followed the treatment per protocol and underwent surgery. Histological analysis of the adult worms in the extirpated nodules revealed absence of Wolbachia in 98.8% (DOX 4w), 81.4% (DOX 3w + ALB 3d), 72.7% (MIN 3w), 64.1% (DOX 3w) and 35.2% (ALB 3d) of the female worms. All 4 treatment regimens showed superiority to ALB 3d (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.008, respectively), which was confirmed by real-time PCR. Additionally, DOX 4w showed superiority to all other treatment arms. Furthermore DOX 4w and DOX 3w + ALB 3d showed a higher amount of female worms with degenerated embryogenesis compared to ALB 3d (p = 0.028, p = 0.042, respectively). These results confirm earlier studies that DOX 4w is sufficient for Wolbachia depletion and the desired parasitological effects. The data further suggest that there is an additive effect of ALB (3 days) on top of that of DOX alone, and that MIN shows a trend for stronger potency than DOX. These latter two results are preliminary and need confirmation in a fully randomized controlled phase 2 trial. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #06010453 PMID:28056021
The spectrum of doubly ionized silver: Ag III

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saxena, Ankita; Ahmad, Tauheed

2017-04-01

Doubly ionized silver, isoelectronic with Rh I has ground configuration 4p64d9 and the excited configurations are of the type 4d8nl (n >3) and 4p54d10. The spectrum of Ag III has been studied in the wavelength region 350-2074 Å. The spectra needed for the analysis were recorded on 3-m normal incidence vacuum spectrograph at Antigonish Laboratory, Canada. The analysis of this spectrum was started by Gibbs and White establishing the ground doublet followed by Gilbert, Shadmi and lastly by Benschop et al. At present only two excited configurations 4d85p and 4d85s have been studied apart from the ground doublets. In the present work we have undertaken the study of two major configurations 4d8(5d+6s) which comprising of 83 energy levels,with the aid of Relativistic Hartree-Fock (HFR) method and least square fitted parametric calculations using Cowan Code. All the previously reported values for 4d85p and 4d85s have been confirmed except the two levels of 4d85p configuration. J value of one of the level at 135626.7 cm-1 has been changed from J=0.5 to J=1.5 and new level for J=0.5 is established at 135778.4 cm-1 . The work is still in progress and the new findings will be presented. Ankita Saxena would like to acknowledge the financial support through Inspire Fellowship Scheme through Department of Science and Technology (DST), India.
Two new lignan glycosides from the seeds of Cuscuta chinensis.

PubMed

He, Xiang-Hui; Yang, Wen-Zhi; Meng, A-Hui; He, Wen-Ni; Guo, De-An; Ye, Min

2010-11-01

Two new lignan glycosides, 2'-hydroxyl asarinin 2'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (cuscutoside C, 1) and 2'-hydroxyl asarinin 2'-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (cuscutoside D, 2), were isolated from the seeds of Cuscuta chinensis Lam., along with six known compounds, 2'-hydroxyl asarinin 2'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 2'-hydroxyl asarinin 2'-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (cuscutoside A, 4), kaempferol 3,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), 5-caffeoyl quinic acid (6), 4-caffeoyl quinic acid (7), and cinnamic acid (8). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses including HR-ESI-MS, ESI-MS/MS, (1)H and (13)C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, and TOCSY.
Influence of nutrient density and lighting regime in broiler chickens: effect on antioxidant status and immune function.

PubMed

Guo, Y L; Li, W B; Chen, J L

2010-04-01

1. The effects of nutrient density and lighting regime on oxidant status and immune function of broilers were investigated in a 2 x 4 experimental design (8 groups of 576 chickens). 2. There were two nutrient densities: high (H) starter diet AME 13.39 MJ/kg, 230 g crude protein (CP)/kg: finisher 13.39 MJ/kg, 197 g CP/kg CP) and low (L) starter AME 12.03 MJ/kg, 208 g CP/k; finisher 12.14 MJ/kg, 183 g CP/kg C. The 4 lighting regimes were continuous (CL) 23L:1D, 20L:4D (12L:2D:8L:2D), 16L:8D (12L:3D:2L:3D:2L:2D) and 12L:12D (9L:3D:1L:3D:1L:3D:1L:3D). Blood and lymphoid organs were collected at d 21 and 42 for assay of antioxidant indices and immunity. 3. Chickens fed low density diet had a higher Fabricius bursa weight (FBW). Low density diet tended (P = 0.089) to increase the a-Naphthylacetate esterase (ANAE) positive percentage response at 42 d. 4. The 12L:12D schedule decreased serum malondialdehyde compared with other regimes at 21 d. At 42 d, it was lower in the 12L:12D and 16L:8D groups than in CL and 20L:4D. There was a trend (P = 0.086) for greater superoxide dismutase activity in the 12L:12D and 16L:8D groups than under the CL and 20L:4D regimes at 42 d. ANAE positive percentage in 12L:12D group at 42 d was higher than in CL and 20L:4D groups. Plasma IgG in the 12L:12D group at 42 d was higher than in the CL group. 5. There was an interaction between nutrient density and lighting regime for FBW at 42 d. 6. These results demonstrate that low nutrient density and a 12L:12D schedule lighting schedule can enhance oxidant-antioxidant balance and the immune functions of broilers.
Standardized 2D ultrasound versus 3D/4D ultrasound and image fusion for measurement of aortic aneurysm diameter in follow-up after EVAR.

PubMed

Pfister, Karin; Schierling, Wilma; Jung, Ernst Michael; Apfelbeck, Hanna; Hennersperger, Christoph; Kasprzak, Piotr M

2016-01-01

To compare standardised 2D ultrasound (US) to the novel ultrasonographic imaging techniques 3D/4D US and image fusion (combined real-time display of B mode and CT scan) for routine measurement of aortic diameter in follow-up after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). 300 measurements were performed on 20 patients after EVAR by one experienced sonographer (3rd degree of the German society of ultrasound (DEGUM)) with a high-end ultrasound machine and a convex probe (1-5 MHz). An internally standardized scanning protocol of the aortic aneurysm diameter in B mode used a so called leading-edge method. In summary, five different US methods (2D, 3D free-hand, magnetic field tracked 3D - Curefab™, 4D volume sweep, image fusion), each including contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), were used for measurement of the maximum aortic aneurysm diameter. Standardized 2D sonography was the defined reference standard for statistical analysis. CEUS was used for endoleak detection. Technical success was 100%. In augmented transverse imaging the mean aortic anteroposterior (AP) diameter was 4.0±1.3 cm for 2D US, 4.0±1.2 cm for 3D Curefab™, and 3.9±1.3 cm for 4D US and 4.0±1.2 for image fusion. The mean differences were below 1 mm (0.2-0.9 mm). Concerning estimation of aneurysm growth, agreement was found between 2D, 3D and 4D US in 19 of the 20 patients (95%). Definitive decision could always be made by image fusion. CEUS was combined with all methods and detected two out of the 20 patients (10%) with an endoleak type II. In one case, endoleak feeding arteries remained unclear with 2D CEUS but could be clearly localized by 3D CEUS and image fusion. Standardized 2D US allows adequate routine follow-up of maximum aortic aneurysm diameter after EVAR. Image Fusion enables a definitive statement about aneurysm growth without the need for new CT imaging by combining the postoperative CT scan with real-time B mode in a dual image display. 3D/4D CEUS and image fusion can improve endoleak characterization in selected cases but are not mandatory for routine practice.

Determination of decimal reduction time (D value) of chemical agents used in hospitals for disinfection purposes

PubMed Central

Mazzola, Priscila Gava; Penna, Thereza Christina Vessoni; da S Martins, Alzira M

2003-01-01

Background Prior to the selection of disinfectants for low, intermediate and high (sterilizing) levels, the decimal reduction time, D-value, for the most common and persistent bacteria identified at a health care facility should be determined. Methods The D-value was determined by inoculating 100 mL of disinfecting solution with 1 mL of a bacterial suspension (104 – 105 CFU/mL for vegetative and spore forms). At regular intervals, 1 mL aliquots of this mixture were transferred to 8 mL of growth media containing a neutralizing agent, and incubated at optimal conditions for the microorganism. Results The highest D-values for various bacteria were determined for the following solutions: (i) 0.1% sodium dichloroisocyanurate (pH 7.0) – E. coli and A. calcoaceticus (D = 5.9 min); (ii) sodium hypochlorite (pH 7.0) at 0.025% for B. stearothermophilus (D = 24 min), E. coli and E. cloacae (D = 7.5 min); at 0.05% for B. stearothermophilus (D = 9.4 min) and E. coli (D = 6.1 min) and 0.1% for B. stearothermophilus (D = 3.5 min) and B. subtilis (D = 3.2 min); (iii) 2.0% glutaraldehyde (pH 7.4) – B. stearothermophilus, B. subtilis (D = 25 min) and E. coli (D = 7.1 min); (iv) 0.5% formaldehyde (pH 6.5) – B. subtilis (D = 11.8 min), B. stearothermophilus (D = 10.9 min) and A. calcoaceticus (D = 5.2 min); (v) 2.0% chlorhexidine (pH 6.2) – B. stearothermophilus (D = 9.1 min), and at 0.4% for E. cloacae (D = 8.3 min); (vi) 1.0% Minncare® (peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, pH 2.3) – B. stearothermophilus (D = 9.1 min) and E. coli (D = 6.7 min). Conclusions The suspension studies were an indication of the disinfectant efficacy on a surface. The data in this study reflect the formulations used and may vary from product to product. The expected effectiveness from the studied formulations showed that the tested agents can be recommended for surface disinfection as stated in present guidelines and emphasizes the importance and need to develop routine and novel programs to evaluate product utility. PMID:14563217
30 CFR 946.25 - Approval of Virginia abandoned mine land reclamation plan amendments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., 1987 November 13, 1987 VR 480-03-19.884.13(c) (2), (5), (6), (7), (d)(1), (2); Establish emergency... CFR 884.13(a), (b), (c)(1), (c)(2), (c)(3), (c)(4), (c)(5), (c)(6), (c)(7), (d)(1), (d)(2), (d)(3), (d... Division of Mined Land Reclamation, P.O. Drawer 900, Big Stone Gap, Virginia 24219, or (2) Office of...
Electronic structure, local magnetism, and spin-orbit effects of Ir(IV)-, Ir(V)-, and Ir(VI)-based compounds

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Laguna-Marco, M. A.; Kayser, P.; Alonso, J. A.

2015-06-01

Element- and orbital-selective x-ray absorption and magnetic circular dichroism measurements are carried out to probe the electronic structure and magnetism of Ir 5d electronic states in double perovskite Sr2MIrO6 (M = Mg, Ca, Sc, Ti, Ni, Fe, Zn, In) and La2NiIrO6 compounds. All the studied systems present a significant influence of spin-orbit interactions in the electronic ground state. In addition, we find that the Ir 5d local magnetic moment shows different character depending on the oxidation state despite the net magnetization being similar for all the compounds. Ir carries an orbital contribution comparable to the spin contribution for Ir4+ (5d(5))more » and Ir5+ (5d(4)) oxides, whereas the orbital contribution is quenched for Ir6+ (5d(3)) samples. Incorporation of a magnetic 3d atom allows getting insight into the magnetic coupling between 5d and 3d transition metals. Together with previous susceptibility and neutron diffractionmeasurements, the results indicate that Ir carries a significant local magnetic moment even in samples without a 3d metal. The size of the (small) net magnetization of these compounds is a result of predominant antiferromagnetic interactions between local moments coupled with structural details of each perovskite structure« less
VizieR Online Data Catalog: Energy levels of ionized vanadium (V II) (Saloman+, 2017)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saloman, E. B.; Kramida, A.

2017-09-01

The energy levels, observed spectral lines, and transition probabilities of singly ionized vanadium, V II, have been compiled. The experimentally derived energy levels belong to the configurations 3d4, 3d3ns (n=4,5,6), 3d3np, and 3d3nd (n=4,5), 3d34f, 3d24s2, and 3d24s4p. Also included are values for some forbidden lines that may be of interest to the astrophysical community. Experimental Lande g-factors and leading percentages for the levels are included when available, as well as Ritz wavelengths calculated from the energy levels. Wavelengths and transition probabilities are reported for 3568 and 1896 transitions, respectively. From the list of observed wavelengths, 407 energy levels are determined. The observed intensities, normalized to a common scale, are provided. From the newly optimized energy levels, a revised value for the ionization energy is derived, 118,030(60)cm-1, corresponding to 14.634(7)eV. This is 130cm-1 higher than the previously recommended value from Iglesias+ (1988, Publ. Inst. Opt. Madrid 47 1). (3 data files).
Assessment of 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D levels during cholecalciferol supplementation in adults with chronic liver diseases.

PubMed

Stokes, Caroline S; Volmer, Dietrich A

2016-12-01

Recently, hepatic immaturity was cited as a possible reason for high levels of the C-3 epimer of 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D) in premature infants: however what role, if any, the liver plays in controlling epimer concentrations is unknown. This study assesses 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D (3-epi-25(OH)D) levels during the course of cholecalciferol supplementation in adults with chronic liver diseases (CLD). Vitamin D metabolites were analyzed in 65 CLD patients with 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL who received 20 000 IU cholecalciferol/week for 6 months. The primary outcome assessed serum 25(OH)D and 3-epi-25(OH)D in response to supplementation. Corresponding values from 16 CLD patients with sufficient vitamin D levels receiving no supplementation were compared. The epimer was detected in all samples and at lower relative concentrations with lower vitamin D baseline status, i.e., severe vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/mL) as compared with deficient (10-19.9 ng/mL), insufficient (20-29.9 ng/mL), or sufficient (≥30 ng/mL) vitamin D levels (2.4% vs. 4.8%, 5.2%, 5.8%, respectively; P < 0.001). Similar relative concentrations for 3-epi-25(OH)D, ranging from 4.3%-7.1% (absolute concentrations: 1.1-4.0 ng/mL; all P < 0.001), were obtained in response to cholecalciferol in all supplemented patients, regardless of inadequacy threshold. Epimer levels significantly decreased (P = 0.007) in unsupplemented patients, coinciding with decreasing serum 25(OH)D concentrations over time. No epimer differences between patients with (n = 17) or without (n = 48) cirrhosis were demonstrated. The 3-epi-25(OH)D was present in serum of all patients at comparable levels to those reported by others. Epimer levels increased linearly with increasing 25(OH)D levels after supplementation. However, no effect of cirrhosis on epimer concentrations was observed.
C-glycoside mimetics inhibit glioma stem cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.

PubMed

Clarion, Ludovic; Jacquard, Carine; Sainte-Catherine, Odile; Decoux, Marc; Loiseau, Séverine; Rolland, Marc; Lecouvey, Marc; Hugnot, Jean-Philippe; Volle, Jean-Noël; Virieux, David; Pirat, Jean-Luc; Bakalara, Norbert

2014-10-23

This paper reports the design and synthesis of C-glycoside mimetics (d-glycero-d-talo- and d-glycero-d-galactopyranose analogues), a subset of the recently published phostines, belonging to the [1,2]oxaphosphinane core. Eighteen new compounds were tested against 11 cancer cell types belonging to six categories of tumor tissues and three different species. The hit compound 5.3d inhibited invasion and migration of both GBM stem cells (Gli7 and Gli4) and GBM cancer cell lines (C6, SNB75) on fibronectin, vitronectin, and laminin. Ki values for Gli7 and Gli4 migration inhibition on fibronectin were 16 and 31 nM respectively. Ki values for invasion inhibition in a 3D system were 46 nM for Gli7 and 290 nM for Gli4. These activities were associated with an antiproliferative effect on Gli4 (EC50 = 5.20 μM) and Gli7 (EC50 = 2.33 μM). In conclusion, the heptopyranose mimetic 5.3d, devoid of toxicity on astrocyte and cortical neuron cultures at concentrations below 100 μM, opens new therapeutic perspectives against glioblastoma.
Intracranial arterial wall imaging using three-dimensional high isotropic resolution black blood MRI at 3.0 Tesla.

PubMed

Qiao, Ye; Steinman, David A; Qin, Qin; Etesami, Maryam; Schär, Michael; Astor, Brad C; Wasserman, Bruce A

2011-07-01

To develop a high isotropic-resolution sequence to evaluate intracranial vessels at 3.0 Tesla (T). Thirteen healthy volunteers and 4 patients with intracranial stenosis were imaged at 3.0T using 0.5-mm isotropic-resolution three-dimensional (3D) Volumetric ISotropic TSE Acquisition (VISTA; TSE, turbo spin echo), with conventional 2D-TSE for comparison. VISTA was repeated for 6 volunteers and 4 patients at 0.4-mm isotropic-resolution to explore the trade-off between SNR and voxel volume. Wall signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR(wall) ), wall-lumen contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR(wall-lumen) ), lumen area (LA), wall area (WA), mean wall thickness (MWT), and maximum wall thickness (maxWT) were compared between 3D-VISTA and 2D-TSE sequences, as well as 3D images acquired at both resolutions. Reliability was assessed by intraclass correlations (ICC). Compared with 2D-TSE measurements, 3D-VISTA provided 58% and 74% improvement in SNR(wall) and CNR(wall-lumen) , respectively. LA, WA, MWT and maxWT from 3D and 2D techniques highly correlated (ICCs of 0.96, 0.95, 0.96, and 0.91, respectively). CNR(wall-lumen) using 0.4-mm resolution VISTA decreased by 27%, compared with 0.5-mm VISTA but with reduced partial-volume-based overestimation of wall thickness. Reliability for 3D measurements was good to excellent. The 3D-VISTA provides SNR-efficient, highly reliable measurements of intracranial vessels at high isotropic-resolution, enabling broad coverage in a clinically acceptable time. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A wideband CMOS single-ended low noise amplifier employing negative resistance technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Benqing; Chen, Hongpeng; Wang, Xuebing; Chen, Jun; Li, Yueyue; Jin, Haiyan; Yang, Yongjun

2018-02-01

A wideband common-gate CMOS low noise amplifier with negative resistance technique is proposed. A novel single-ended negative resistance structure is employed to improve gain and noise of the LNA. The inductor resonating is adopted at the input stage and load stage to meet wideband matching and compensate gain roll-off at higher frequencies. Implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology, the proposed LNA demonstrates in simulations a maximal gain of 16.4 dB across the 3 dB bandwidth of 0.2-3 GHz. The in-band noise figure of 3.4-4.7 dB is obtained while the IIP3 of 5.3-6.8 dBm and IIP2 of 12.5-17.2 dBm are post-simulated in the designed frequency band. The LNA core consumes a power dissipation of 3.8 mW under a 1.5 V power supply.
Protective effects of murine monoclonal antibodies in experimental septicemia: E. coli antibodies protect against different serotypes of E. coli.

PubMed

Salles, M F; Mandine, E; Zalisz, R; Guenounou, M; Smets, P

1989-04-01

Murine monoclonal antibodies that bind outer membrane antigens of the J5 mutant of Escherichia coli O111:B4 were derived from spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with killed whole cells and boosted with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-associated proteins. Seven hybridomas were selected for their reactivity against the J5 LPS; they cross-reacted with O111, O55, O127, and O128 E. coli LPS. One (B7B3) also reacted with the Serratia marcescens LPS and Klebsiella pneumoniae lipid A. A protective effect was obtained with D6B4 antibody in a lethal endotoxemia model induced by LPS from O111, O127, and O128 E. coli serotypes in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice. D6B4 and D6B3 antibodies protected mice infected with E. coli O111:B4, when administered before infection. The D6B4 antibody was also protective when administered after infection. The antibodies D6B3 and D4B5 were protective in heterologous infection induced by E. coli O2:K1.
Biodeuterated Materials: High-Temperature Lubricants from Algae.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-06

to obtain significant growth in D20 media. 1. Chlorella vulgaris (UTEX 397) 2. Chlorella vulgaris (Arg) 3. Scenedesmus obliquus (Arg) 4. Scenedesmus...the other two strains, and almost half of the total fatty acids of strain 1237 was 18:1. Effect of Nitrogen-Deficient Media Chlorella vulgaris (Arg...2.3 36 18 4.5 strain 1237 D20 31 2.9 -- 46 14 5.7 Chlorella vulgaris strain 397 H20 53 9.3 -- 1.6 5.6 19 12 strain 397 D20 28 2.3 -- 6.4 30 23 9.5
Structural diversity of a series of terpyridyl carboxylate coordination polymers: Luminescent sensor and magnetic properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, Fei; Yuan, Chun-Mei; Hu, Huai-Ming; Wang, Ting-Ting; Zhou, Chun-Sheng

2018-02-01

Eleven new coordination polymers, [Zn2(ctpy)2(HCOO)2]n·3nH2O (1), [Zn2(ctpy)2(HCOO)2(H2O)2]n·nH2O (2), [Zn2(ctpy)2(H2O)4]n·2n(CH3COO)·nH2O (3), [Zn2(ctpy)2(CH3COO)2]n·nH2O (4), [Zn(ctpy)2]n·nH2O (5), [Zn2(ctpy)2(Hidc)(H2O)2]n(6), [Cd2(ctpy)4]n(7), [Cd2(ctpy)2(Hidc)]n(8), [Co2(ctpy)2(HCOO)2(H2O)2]n·nH2O (9), [Co(ctpy)(DMF)(ox)0.5]n(10), [Co(ctpy)(ox)0.5]n(11) and the closely related compound [Zn(ctpy)(ox)0.5]n·0.5nH2O (12) (Hctpy = 4‧-carboxy-4,2‧:6‧,4‧‧-terpyridine, H2ox = oxalic acid and H3idc = imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid) have been synthesized by hydro(solvo)thermal reaction of 4‧-carboxy-4,2‧:6‧,4‧‧-terpyridine with divalent metal salts and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1 and 4 have similar structure which demonstrate a two-fold interpenetrating 3D framework with a 3-connected utp topological net, which contains the same number of left and right-handed 21 helical chains. Compounds 2 and 9 are isostructural 2D layer with a 3-connected hcb topological net. Similar to 2, compound 3 also displays a 3-connected 2D hcb topological net. Compounds 5 and 10 are a 2D layer with a 4-connected sql topological net. Compound 6 shows a chiral 2D layer based on a 1D left- or right-handed helical chains, which are further extended into an achiral 2D + 2D→3D supramolecular network by hydrogen bonds with alternately arrangement. Compound 7 features an unusual 2-fold interpenetrating 3D coordination network which exhibits a new intriguing (3,5)-connected binodal topological net with the Schläfli symbol of (52·6)(53·63·73·8). Compound 8 shows a 2D→3D supramolecular structure based on (3,4)-connected 2D bilayers with the Schläfli symbol of (44·62). Compound 11 displays an unusual three-dimensional coordination network which exhibits an intriguing (3,8)-connected binodal new topological net with Schläfli symbol (42·62)2(42·623·83). Compound 12 features a two-fold interpenetrating (3,4)-connected 3D framework with the fsc topological net. Compounds 1-12 were obtained under similar reaction conditions. The diverse structures indicate that rational selection of the second ligand, metal salt, counter anion and solvent are good methods to further design metal-organic compounds with new structures and properties. Moreover, their thermal stabilities, photoluminescent and magnetic properties were also investigated. More importantly, compound 12 has been successfully applied in the detection of Fe3+ ion in DMF solutions and nitrobenzene and the possible detecting mechanism was also discussed.
Effects of tree nuts on blood lipids, apolipoproteins, and blood pressure: systematic review, meta-analysis, and dose-response of 61 controlled intervention trials.

PubMed

Del Gobbo, Liana C; Falk, Michael C; Feldman, Robin; Lewis, Kara; Mozaffarian, Dariush

2015-12-01

The effects of nuts on major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including dose-responses and potential heterogeneity by nut type or phytosterol content, are not well established. We examined the effects of tree nuts (walnuts, pistachios, macadamia nuts, pecans, cashews, almonds, hazelnuts, and Brazil nuts) on blood lipids [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides], lipoproteins [apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and apolipoprotein B100], blood pressure, and inflammation (C-reactive protein) in adults aged ≥18 y without prevalent CVD. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Two investigators screened 1301 potentially eligible PubMed articles in duplicate. We calculated mean differences between nut intervention and control arms, dose-standardized to one 1-oz (28.4 g) serving/d, by using inverse-variance fixed-effects meta-analysis. Dose-response for nut intake was examined by using linear regression and fractional polynomial modeling. Heterogeneity by age, sex, background diet, baseline risk factors, nut type, disease condition, duration, and quality score was assessed with meta-regression. Publication bias was evaluated by using funnel plots and Egger's and Begg's tests. Sixty-one trials met eligibility criteria (n = 2582). Interventions ranged from 3 to 26 wk. Nut intake (per serving/d) lowered total cholesterol (-4.7 mg/dL; 95% CI: -5.3, -4.0 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (-4.8 mg/dL; 95% CI: -5.5, -4.2 mg/dL), ApoB (-3.7 mg/dL; 95% CI: -5.2, -2.3 mg/dL), and triglycerides (-2.2 mg/dL; 95% CI: -3.8, -0.5 mg/dL) with no statistically significant effects on other outcomes. The dose-response between nut intake and total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was nonlinear (P-nonlinearity < 0.001 each); stronger effects were observed for ≥60 g nuts/d. Significant heterogeneity was not observed by nut type or other factors. For ApoB, stronger effects were observed in populations with type 2 diabetes (-11.5 mg/dL; 95% CI: -16.2, -6.8 mg/dL) than in healthy populations (-2.5 mg/dL; 95% CI: -4.7, -0.3 mg/dL) (P-heterogeneity = 0.015). Little evidence of publication bias was found. Tree nut intake lowers total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, ApoB, and triglycerides. The major determinant of cholesterol lowering appears to be nut dose rather than nut type. Our findings also highlight the need for investigation of possible stronger effects at high nut doses and among diabetic populations. © 2015 American Society for Nutrition.
Simultaneous motion estimation and image reconstruction (SMEIR) for 4D cone-beam CT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Jing; Gu, Xuejun

2013-10-15

Purpose: Image reconstruction and motion model estimation in four-dimensional cone-beam CT (4D-CBCT) are conventionally handled as two sequential steps. Due to the limited number of projections at each phase, the image quality of 4D-CBCT is degraded by view aliasing artifacts, and the accuracy of subsequent motion modeling is decreased by the inferior 4D-CBCT. The objective of this work is to enhance both the image quality of 4D-CBCT and the accuracy of motion model estimation with a novel strategy enabling simultaneous motion estimation and image reconstruction (SMEIR).Methods: The proposed SMEIR algorithm consists of two alternating steps: (1) model-based iterative image reconstructionmore » to obtain a motion-compensated primary CBCT (m-pCBCT) and (2) motion model estimation to obtain an optimal set of deformation vector fields (DVFs) between the m-pCBCT and other 4D-CBCT phases. The motion-compensated image reconstruction is based on the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) coupled with total variation minimization. During the forward- and backprojection of SART, measured projections from an entire set of 4D-CBCT are used for reconstruction of the m-pCBCT by utilizing the updated DVF. The DVF is estimated by matching the forward projection of the deformed m-pCBCT and measured projections of other phases of 4D-CBCT. The performance of the SMEIR algorithm is quantitatively evaluated on a 4D NCAT phantom. The quality of reconstructed 4D images and the accuracy of tumor motion trajectory are assessed by comparing with those resulting from conventional sequential 4D-CBCT reconstructions (FDK and total variation minimization) and motion estimation (demons algorithm). The performance of the SMEIR algorithm is further evaluated by reconstructing a lung cancer patient 4D-CBCT.Results: Image quality of 4D-CBCT is greatly improved by the SMEIR algorithm in both phantom and patient studies. When all projections are used to reconstruct a 3D-CBCT by FDK, motion-blurring artifacts are present, leading to a 24.4% relative reconstruction error in the NACT phantom. View aliasing artifacts are present in 4D-CBCT reconstructed by FDK from 20 projections, with a relative error of 32.1%. When total variation minimization is used to reconstruct 4D-CBCT, the relative error is 18.9%. Image quality of 4D-CBCT is substantially improved by using the SMEIR algorithm and relative error is reduced to 7.6%. The maximum error (MaxE) of tumor motion determined from the DVF obtained by demons registration on a FDK-reconstructed 4D-CBCT is 3.0, 2.3, and 7.1 mm along left–right (L-R), anterior–posterior (A-P), and superior–inferior (S-I) directions, respectively. From the DVF obtained by demons registration on 4D-CBCT reconstructed by total variation minimization, the MaxE of tumor motion is reduced to 1.5, 0.5, and 5.5 mm along L-R, A-P, and S-I directions. From the DVF estimated by SMEIR algorithm, the MaxE of tumor motion is further reduced to 0.8, 0.4, and 1.5 mm along L-R, A-P, and S-I directions, respectively.Conclusions: The proposed SMEIR algorithm is able to estimate a motion model and reconstruct motion-compensated 4D-CBCT. The SMEIR algorithm improves image reconstruction accuracy of 4D-CBCT and tumor motion trajectory estimation accuracy as compared to conventional sequential 4D-CBCT reconstruction and motion estimation.« less
Pre-clinical pharmacology of ICI D2138, a potent orally-active non-redox inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase.

PubMed Central

McMillan, R. M.; Spruce, K. E.; Crawley, G. C.; Walker, E. R.; Foster, S. J.

1992-01-01

1. This paper describes the pre-clinical pharmacology of ICI D2138, a potent orally-active non-redox inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase which is undergoing clinical evaluation. 2. ICI D2138 potently inhibited leukotriene synthesis in murine peritoneal macrophages (IC50 = 3 nM) and human blood (IC50 = 20 nM). In human and dog blood, ICI D2138 did not inhibit thromboxane B2 synthesis at a concentration of 500 microM, thus the selectivity ratio (cyclo-oxygenase: 5-lipoxygenase) was greater than 20,000. In contrast, zileuton (a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor also undergoing clinical evaluation) exhibited a selectivity ratio of 15-100. 3. ICI D2138 potently and dose-dependently inhibited ex vivo leukotriene B4 (LTB4) synthesis by rat blood with ED50 values of 0.9, 4.0 and 80.0 mg kg-1 p.o. at 3, 10 and 20 h respectively after dosing. Similar activity was observed for inhibition of LTB4 production in a zymosan-inflamed rat air pouch model. Zileuton produced ED50 values of 5 and 20 mg kg-1 at 3 and 10 h respectively. 4. Oral administration of 1, 3 or 10 mg kg-1 ICI D2138 to dogs produced maximal inhibition of ex vivo LTB4 synthesis by blood for 5, 9 and 31 h respectively. A dose of 5 mg kg-1 p.o. of zileuton caused maximal inhibition of LTB4 for 24 h. 5. Oral administration of 10 mg kg-1 ICI D2138 caused total inhibition of LTB4 production in zymosan-inflamed rabbit knee joint. 6. Topical administration of ICI D2138 to rabbit skin caused a dose-related inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced plasma extravasation with an ID30 of 1.08 nmol per site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID:1334748
Cyclic guanidines: synthesis and antiplatelet activity of 4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-7-ones and 1,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazolo [3',4':4,5]pyrimido[2,1-c] [1,2,4]triazin-7-ones.

PubMed

Ferroni, R; Simoni, D; Orlandini, P; Bardi, A; Franze, G P; Guarneri, M

1990-12-01

A series of 4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidin-7-ones (1b-n) and 1,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazolo [3',4':4,5]pyrimido [2,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-7-ones (2a-d) has been synthesized. In view of their potential anti-aggregating activity the compounds were tested in vitro for inhibitory activity towards ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation of human platelets. Among the compounds studied, 8-benzyl-1-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo [1,2-a]pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-7-one (1n) exhibited the most favorable activity. The 2,5-dichlorophenyl side chain is an important lipophilic and/or steric pharmacophore.
Mechanisms of optical losses in the 5D4 and 5D3 levels in Tb3+ doped low silica calcium aluminosilicate glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

dos Santos, J. F. M.; Terra, I. A. A.; Astrath, N. G. C.; Guimarães, F. B.; Baesso, M. L.; Nunes, L. A. O.; Catunda, T.

2015-02-01

Trivalent Tb-doped materials exhibit strong emission in the green and weak emission in the UV-blue levels. Usually, this behavior is attributed to the cross relaxation (CR) process. In this paper, the luminescence properties of Tb3+-doped low silica calcium aluminosilicate glasses are analyzed for UV (λexc = 325 nm) and visible (488 nm) excitations. Under 325 nm excitation, the intensity of green luminescence increases proportionally to Tb3+ concentration. However, the blue luminescence intensity is strongly reduced with the increase of concentration from 0.5-15.0 wt. %. In the case of 488 nm excitation, a saturation behavior of the green emission is observed at intensities two orders of magnitude smaller than expected for bleaching of the ground state population. Using a rate equation model, we showed that this behavior can be explained by an excited state absorption cross section two orders of magnitude larger than the ground state absorption. The blue emission is much weaker than expected from our rate equations (325 nm and 488 nm excitation). We concluded that only the CR process cannot explain the overall feature of measured luminescence quenching in the wide range of Tb3+ concentrations. Cooperative upconversion from a pair of excited ions (5D3:5D3 or 5D3:5D4) and other mechanisms involving upper lying states (4f5d, charge transfer, host matrix, defects, etc.) may play a significant role.
Evaluation of ad libitum acidified milk replacer programs for dairy calves.

PubMed

Hill, T M; Bateman, H G; Aldrich, J M; Quigley, J D; Schlotterbeck, R L

2013-05-01

Due to renewed interest in feeding acidified milk replacer (MR) for ad libitum consumption within North America, two 112-d trials were conducted using Holstein calves obtained from one dairy farm at 2 to 3 d of age. In trial 1, a 27% crude protein (whey protein), 17% fat MR powder was reconstituted with water to 14% solids and fed at 0.66 kg of dry matter (DM) per day for 42 d (CON) or acidified to pH 4.2 using citric acid and offered 24h/d for d 0 to 35, then switched to 0.66 kg of DM without acid per d for 7 d (A4). In trial 2, the same MR was fed as CON, ad libitum pH 5.2 MR offered from 0600 to 0800 h and 1600 to 1800 h for d 0 to 21 (R5), ad libitum pH 5.2 MR offered 24h/d for d 0 to 35 (A5), and ad libitum pH 4.2 MR offered 24h/d for d 0 to 35 (A4). After the ad libitum period, calves on R5, A5, and A4 were switched to CON until d 42. Growth measures were made until d 112 in each trial. Data from each trial were analyzed as a completely randomized design with repeated measurements over time using an autoregressive type 1 covariance structure when appropriate. In each trial, calves fed CON had lower average daily gain (ADG) from 0 to 42 d and greater ADG from 42 to 56 d than calves fed the other treatments. In both trials, ADG from 0 to 56 d and 56 to 112 d were not greater for A4 or A5 versus CON. From 56 to 112 d in trial 2, ADG was greater for R 0025 versus A5. Some calves completely rejected the MR at pH 4.2. Calves consumed more of the MR at pH 5.2 than 4.2. Calves fed A4 in trial 1 and treatments A5 and A4 in trial 2 consumed >95% of their MR between 0600 to 0800 h and 1600 to 1800 h. Time spent standing did not differ by treatment in trial 1 and increased from 312 to 332 min/d from d 6 to 56. Under the conditions of these trials, results to 112 d showed no advantage to feeding calves MR acidified to pH 4.2 or 5.2 ad libitum from 0 to 35 d with gradually weaning by 42 d compared with calves fed the control MR fed at 0.66 kg of DM/d. Additionally, when calves were fed MR ad libitum, they consumed >95% of the MR between 0600 to 0800 h and 1600 to 1800 h and standing behavior was not greatly affected. Copyright © 2013 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Syntheses, structures and characterizations of three novel vanadium selenites with organically bonded copper/nickel complex

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qian, Cheng; Kong, Fang; Mao, Jiang-Gao

2016-06-01

A series of vanadium selenites covalently bonded with metal-organic complex, namely, Ni(2,2-bipy)2V2O4(SeO3)2 (1), Cu(2,2-bipy)V2O4(SeO3)2·0.5H2O (2) and Cu2(2,2-bipy)2V5O12(SeO3)2 (3) (2,2-bipy=2,2-bipyridine) have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. They exhibit three different structural dimensions, from 0D cluster, 1D chain to 2D layer. Compound 1 features a 0D {Ni(2,2-bipy)2V2O4(SeO3)2}2 dimeric cluster composed of two {Ni(2,2-bipy)2}2+ moieties connected by the {V4O8(SeO3)4}4- cluster. Compound 2 shows a 1D {Cu(2,2-bipy)V2O4(SeO3)2}n chain in which the {Cu2(2,2-bipy)2}4+ moieties are bridged by the {V4O8(SeO3)4}4- clusters. Compound 3 displays a 2D structure consisted of mixed valence vanadium selenites layers {VIVVV4SeIV2O18}n4- and {Cu(2,2-bipy)}2+ complex moieties. The adjacent layers are further interconnected via π-π interactions between the 2,2-bipy ligands exhibiting an interesting 3D supramolecular architecture. Both compound 1 and 2 contain a new {V4O8(SeO3)4}4- cluster and compound 3 exhibits the first 2D vanadate polyhedral layer in vanadium selenites/tellurites with organic moieties.
1D Co2.18Ni0.82Si2O5(OH)4 architectures assembled by ultrathin nanoflakes for high-performance flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Junhong; Zheng, Mingbo; Run, Zhen; Xia, Jing; Sun, Mengjun; Pang, Huan

2015-07-01

1D Co2.18Ni0.82Si2O5(OH)4 architectures assembled by ultrathin nanoflakes are synthesized for the first time by a hydrothermal method. We present a self-reacting template method to synthesize 1D Co2.18Ni0.82Si2O5(OH)4 architectures using Ni(SO4)0.3(OH)1.4 nanobelts. A high-performance flexible asymmetric solid-state supercapacitor can be successfully fabricated based on the 1D Co2.18Ni0.82Si2O5(OH)4 architectures and graphene nanosheets. Interestingly, the as-assembled 1D Co2.18Ni0.82Si2O5(OH)4 architectures//Graphene nanosheets asymmetric solid-state supercapacitor can achieve a maximum energy density of 0.496 mWh cm-3, which is higher than most of reported solid state supercapacitors. Additionally, the device shows high cycle stability for 10,000 cycles. These features make the 1D Co2.18Ni0.82Si2O5(OH)4 architectures as one of the most promising candidates for high-performance energy storage devices.
Automatic Extraction of 3D Models From an Airborne Video Sequence

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

4*¤B=@’(Q5 Y1)+*d 2*J: : ,_j%_ ! 4 ?*B 2) "? *B4t1’ +& .b? ;wc 2%’&( 4C ...c¦ §´³!¡T± %_+ )f8G !&0& B= # 4&( , 4&(&( #%)1)(&�f&0 ,_+&0&( )#,_+7 ! : ,’& 4C µU¶ ��)�D...8217&( 4C µU¸ ��)¹a 4��DºD¡P» "Q$% ] 4&( , 4&(& 4* d,_4& ")d d )P: "P%’&( > ")P !8 a

Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 1,2,4-triazoles and Mannich bases.

PubMed

Megally Abdo, Nadia Youssef; Kamel, Mona Monir

2015-01-01

A series of 5-(pyridin-4-yl)-N-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amines (3a-d), 5-(pyridin-4-yl)-N-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amines (4a-d) and 5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones (5a-d) were obtained by the cyclization of hydrazinecarbothioamide derivatives 2a-d derived from isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Aminoalkylation of compounds 5a-d with formaldehyde and various secondary amines furnished the Mannich bases 6a-p. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of their spectral data and elemental analyses. All the compounds were screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against six human cancer cell lines and normal fibroblast cells. Sixteen of the tested compounds exhibited significant cytotoxicity against most cell lines. Among these derivatives, the Mannich bases 6j, 6m and 6p were found to exhibit the most potent activity. The Mannich base 6m showed more potent cytotoxic activity against gastric cancer NUGC (IC50=0.021 µM) than the standard CHS 828 (IC50=0.025 µM). Normal fibroblast cells WI38 were affected to a much lesser extent (IC50>10 µM).
Tuning the formations of metal-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate frameworks via the assistance of amino acids

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lei, Xiao-Ping; Lian, Ting-Ting; Chen, Shu-Mei, E-mail: csm@fzu.edu.cn

Seven new metal-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate coordination polymers have been synthesized by modification of auxiliary components during the assembly reactions. Their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by XRD and TGA. Interestingly, they show fascinating topological structures. Compounds 1 and 2 possess the undulating layer structure with 3-connected hcb network and (3,6)-connected kgd network. Compound 3 possesses three-dimensional (3D) pillared-layer structure with 3-connected 2-fold interpenetrating srs net. Compound 4 also has the 3D 2-fold interpenetrating pillared-layer structure; however, it has (3,5)-connected hms topology because the Cd(II) center is 5-connected. Compound 5 possess 3D structure through hydrogen bondingmore » interactions between ladder-like layers. Compounds 6 and 7 have the similar 3D frameworks with 4-connected umc net and (3,7)-connected (3.4.5)(3{sup 2}.4{sup 6}.5{sup 5}.6{sup 8}) topology, respectively. The photoluminescent properties of compounds 2–7 were also investigated. - Graphical abstract: Presented here are seven new metal-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate coordination polymers with diverse structures from 2D layers to 3D open frameworks. The synthesis and structural diversity of these compounds are determined by the additional amino acids as unusual buffering agents. - Highlights: • Structural diversity of metal-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate frameworks. • Tuning structural topologies of MOFs via the assistance of amino acids. • Amino acids as unusual buffering agents for the synthesis of MOFs.« less
[Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and associated factors in Spanish population of school children and adolescents].

PubMed

Durá-Travé, Teodoro; Gallinas-Victoriano, Fidel; Chueca-Guindulain, María Jesús; Berrade-Zubiri, Sara; Moreno-Gónzalez, Paula; Malumbres-Chacón, María

2017-08-08

To analyse the prevalence of hypovitaminosisD and associated factors in school children and adolescents living in a region of northern Spain. Cross-sectional study (convenience sampling). Primary Health Care. A total of 602 Caucasian individuals (aged 3.1 to 15.4years) were included in the study. Prevalence of hypovitaminosisD were calculated (dependent variable). HypovitaminosisD is defined according to the US Endocrine Society criteria: deficiency (calcidiol <20ng/mL), insufficiency (calcidiol: 20-29ng/mL), and sufficiency (calcidiol ≥30ng/mL). Gender, age, body mass index, residence, and season of the year were recorded (independent variables), and their association with hypovitaminosisD was analysed by multiple regression. The prevalence of hypovitaminosisD was 60.4% (insufficiency: 44.6%; deficiency: 15.8%). Multivariate analysis showed that factors associated to hypovitaminosisD were being female (OR: 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1-2.3), pubertal age (OR: 1.8; 95%CI: 1.2-2.6), autumn (OR: 9.5; 95%CI: 4.8-18.7), winter (OR: 8.8; 95%CI: 4.5-17.5) and spring time (OR: 13.2; 95%CI: 6.4-27.5), living in urban areas (OR:1.6; CI95%: 1.1-2.2), and severe obesity (OR: 4.4; 95%CI: 1.9-10.3). There is a high prevalence of hypovitaminosisD in juvenile populations. being female, pubertal age, autumn, winter and spring seasons, severe obesity, and living in urban areas are factors associated to hypovitaminosisD. Consideration should be given to the administration of vitamin supplements and/or the increase in the ingestion of natural vitaminD dietary sources. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
Four new glycosides from the stems of Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook.

PubMed

Xu, Feng-Qing; Fan, Wei-Wei; Zi, Cheng-Ting; Dong, Fa-Wu; Yang, Dan; Zhou, Jun; Hu, Jiang-Miao

2017-04-01

Four new glucosides, named as gigantol-5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), 9,10-dihydro-aphyllone A-5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), ficusal-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), botrydiol-15-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), together with eight known compounds (5-12) were isolated from the n-BuOH extract of the stems of Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook. Their structures were elucidated by the analyses of spectroscopic data.
Rapid Biodegradation of the Herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid by Cupriavidus gilardii T-1.

PubMed

Wu, Xiangwei; Wang, Wenbo; Liu, Junwei; Pan, Dandan; Tu, Xiaohui; Lv, Pei; Wang, Yi; Cao, Haiqun; Wang, Yawen; Hua, Rimao

2017-05-10

Phytotoxicity and environmental pollution of residual herbicides have caused much public concern during the past several decades. An indigenous bacterial strain capable of degrading 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), designated T-1, was isolated from soybean field soil and identified as Cupriavidus gilardii. Strain T-1 degraded 2,4-D 3.39 times more rapidly than the model strain Cupriavidus necator JMP134. T-1 could also efficiently degrade 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), MCPA isooctyl ester, and 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2,4-DP). Suitable conditions for 2,4-D degradation were pH 7.0-9.0, 37-42 °C, and 4.0 mL of inoculums. Degradation of 2,4-D was concentration-dependent. 2,4-D was degraded to 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by cleavage of the ether bond and then to 3,5-dichlorocatechol (3,5-DCC) via hydroxylation, followed by ortho-cleavage to cis-2-dichlorodiene lactone (CDL). The metabolites 2,4-DCP or 3,5-DCC at 10 mg L -1 were completely degraded within 16 h. Fast degradation of 2,4-D and its analogues highlights the potential for use of C. gilardii T-1 in bioremediation of phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides.
Design and syntheses of hybrid metal-organic materials based on K3[M(C2O4)3]·3H2O [M(III)=Fe, Al, Cr] metallotectons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Yayong; Zong, Yingxia; Ma, Haoran; Zhang, Ao; Liu, Kang; Wang, Debao; Wang, Wenqiang; Wang, Lei

2016-05-01

By using K3[M(C2O4)3]·3H2O [M(III)=Fe, Al, Cr] (C2O42-=oxalate) metallotectons as the starting material, we have synthesized eight novel complexes with formulas [{Fe(C2O4)2(H2O)2}2]·(H-L1)2·H2O 1, [Fe(C2O4)Cl2]·(H2-L2)0.5·(L2)0.5·H2O 2, [{Fe(C2O4)1.5Cl2}2]·(H-L3)43, [Fe2(C2O4)Cl8]·(H2-L4)2·2H2O 4, K[Al(C2O4)3]·(H2-L5)·2H2O 5, K[Al(C2O4)3]·(H-L6)2·2H2O 6, K[Cr(C2O4)3]·2H2O 7, Na[Fe(C2O4)3]·(H-L6)2·2H2O 8 (with L1=4-dimethylaminopyridine, L2=2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine, L3=2-aminobenzimidazole, L4=1,4-bis-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene, L5=1,4-bis((2-methylimidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene, L6=2-methylbenzimidazole). Their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, elemental analyses, IR spectra and thermogravimetric analyses. Compound 3 is a 2D H-bonded supramolecular architecture. Others are 3D supramolecular structures. Compound 1 shows a [Fe(C2O4)2(H2O)2]- unit and 3D antionic H-bonded framework. Compound 2 features a [Fe(C2O4)Cl2]- anion and 1D iron-oxalate-iron chain. Compound 3 features a [Fe2(C2O4)3Cl4]4- unit. Compound 4 features distinct [Fe2(C2O4)Cl8]4- units, which are mutual linked by water molecules to generated a 2D H-bonded network. Compound 5 features infinite ladder-like chains constructed by [Al(C2O4)3]3- units and K+ cations. The 1D chains are further extended into 3D antionic H-bonded framework through O-H···O H-bonds. Compounds 6-8 show 2D [KAl(C2O4)3]2- layer, [KCr(C2O4)3]2- layer and [NaFe(C2O4)3]2- layer, respectively.
Department of the Army Justification of Estimates for FY 1990/FY 1991 Biennial Budget Submitted to Congress January 1989. Procurement Appropriations-Construction Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

DATZ. An exemption to requirements of in eccnomic analysis .s :equested in icccrance with provisions AR 1,-28, Para. - 3d (3). Regulat.o references axe...provisions of XR 1I-28 Para !- 3d (3). :"gloos are required by AR 190-111, Ch. 4 and DOD 5100.76-M. Ch. 4-& 5. 12. SUPPLEMNTAL DATA: A. sti.mated Design...rdance witn AR ll-23, Para. D- 3d (2 Ths orolecm .z eu~_ - compiv .Ltn :onst=uction cr.:eria of AR0-_’:, ca. 4 and :CD 5i2 -.-. 21 4 A. Estzmated Design
Does a 3D Image Improve Laparoscopic Motor Skills?

PubMed

Folaranmi, Semiu Eniola; Partridge, Roland W; Brennan, Paul M; Hennessey, Iain A M

2016-08-01

To quantitatively determine whether a three-dimensional (3D) image improves laparoscopic performance compared with a two-dimensional (2D) image. This is a prospective study with two groups of participants: novices (5) and experts (5). Individuals within each group undertook a validated laparoscopic task on a box simulator, alternating between 2D and a 3D laparoscopic image until they had repeated the task five times with each imaging modality. A dedicated motion capture camera was used to determine the time taken to complete the task (seconds) and instrument distance traveled (meters). Among the experts, the mean time taken to perform the task on the 3D image was significantly quicker than on the 2D image, 40.2 seconds versus 51.2 seconds, P < .0001. Among the novices, the mean task time again was significantly quicker on the 3D image, 56.4 seconds versus 82.7 seconds, P < .0001. There was no significant difference in the mean time it took a novice to perform the task using a 3D camera compared with an expert on a 2D camera, 56.4 seconds versus 51.3 seconds, P = .3341. The use of a 3D image confers a significant performance advantage over a 2D camera in quantitatively measured laparoscopic skills for both experts and novices. The use of a 3D image appears to improve a novice's performance to the extent that it is not statistically different from an expert using a 2D image.
[Total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: can the type of lymphadenectomy condition the long-term results?].

PubMed

Di Martino, N; Izzo, G; Cosenza, A; Vicenzo, L; Monaco, L; Torelli, F; Basciotti, A; Brillantino, A; Marra, A

2005-01-01

Gastric cancer is the second tumor for frequency in the world. Surgery is still the only curative treatment. Good results in terms of long distance survival, postoperative morbidity and mortality have been achieved in the last years. The extension of lymphadenectomy is an important and discussed matter and it is not clear if lymphadenectomy may contribute to improve the surgical results. The Japanese surgeons were the first ones, in the 60's, to introduce a D2-D3 extended lymphadenectomy, but the real benefits of this technique are still being discussed. Indeed lymphonodal metastasis seem to be one of the most important prognostic factors in the gastric cancer and the level and the number of metastatic nodes are useful to predict the patients' survival. The aim of this study is to value the D2 lymphadenectomy in the patients who were treated with total gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma, comparing the results both with the D1 lymphadenectomy and the D3-D4, paying attention to the survival rates related with the lymphonodal dissection. From 1998 to 2004, we studied 87 patients with gastric cancer. Out of 78 patients treated surgically, 9 were judged unresectable. Out of 69 patients treated surgically, one died before surgery and so he was put away by this study. All the patients were treated with total gastrectomy and a GI tract reconstruction by Roux's Y termino-lateral esophageal-jejunal anastomosis. In 20 patients we also made a splenectomy. We followed the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer guidelines, according to which nodes are gathered into 16 levels and divided in 4 groups (N1-N4) depending on the cancer localization. The extension of the lymphadenectomy has been classified according to the level of the removed nods. The patients were divided into 3 groups. First group: patients undergone a total gastrectomy with D1 lymphadenectomy. Second group: patients undergone D2 lymphadenectomy. Third group: patients undergone D3 and D4 lymphadenectomy. The data we obtained let us value the survival rate. Out of the 78 patients treated, 69 were resected with a 88.5% resection rate (69/78). Perioperatory mortality was 1.4% (1/69). Global survival was 53.8% (44/68). The 5 years survival for the Ia stage was 82.6%, 89.3% for the Ib stage, 67.8% for the II stage, 56.6% for the IIIa, 16.8% for the IIIb and 0% for the IV stage. In addition the 5 years survival in the patients without lymphnodal metastasis was 79%, much higher than the 30.6% obtained in the patients with lymphonodal metastasis (p <0.0001). In the patients who underwent D1 lymphadenectomy, survival was 73.4%, while we obtained a result of 70.4% and 13.8% respectively in the D2 and D3-D4 (p <0.05). In the advanced stages (IIIa, IIIb, IV), the survival rate in the patients with lymphadenectomy D2 vs D1 vs D3-D4 was 38.9% vs 0% vs 36.3% (p <0.0001). The survival rate based on the extension of the lymphadenectomy in the patients with lymphonodal metastasis resulted to be much higher in those patients who underwent a D2 lymphadenectomy (43.5% in 5 years) compared both to D1 (0% in 6 months) and (29.5% in 5 years) D3-D4 lymphadenectomy. The relation between long distance survival and extension of the lymphadenectomy in the patients with gastric adenocarcinoma is still being discussed. Different studies show the importance of a careful lymphadenectomy as the main mean for a better long distance survival in the patients with gastric cancer. Other studies showed a link between gastric cancer prognosis and number of positive nodes. If more than 7-8 nodes are affected with metastasis, prognosis is usually poor. Therefore the presence of nod metastasis has a negative influence in the prognosis of this tumor; for this reason D2 lymphadenectomy is the technique to be used for the treatment of the gastric adenocarcinoma, both for a good staging and a better long distance survival, but particularly in the advanced cancers which are, at the moment, the highest number of cases that reach the surgeon's attention.
List of Inspected Tank Barges and Tankships

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

C) CC’ L-4 I-I. tD w V) 8.L T 4 I-I a 0 7 z 70 70 z7 ab 2! 7.I in -9 00 M T 0 x 0 0 t0 0 t3 M wA (0 a a ty m 0 0 LA UN U 0 C3 U’N C; N; ’ ’ ’ - N C...4 0 4 4C 13&; 51 a 2I x~ -i wt W tD . w3 9 1 0& C) 1 w I U4 ox’. 94. 0: .5 It o 5A (Z it CorI.- .5L LD D w U) N-CLPp0l 0w . 0 a. ts. m5. t49- -1 0...7IL a,& 1 -j & I m 7’ en.I.1 . 4. co 4 m I f r.) ’N a, 𔃺 a, U. U. N4.’ ,sL a .4 r .47 . 󈧭u 1. X- D2 4.. a. t. x 43 N P. tD Il ’DX 03 P X tm. I V , r
Survey of organosilicone compounds, including cyclic and linear siloxanes, in personal-care and household products.

PubMed

Horii, Yuichi; Kannan, Kurunthachalam

2008-11-01

The determination of organosiloxanes in consumer products is important for the evaluation and characterization of sources of human and environmental exposures. In this study, we determined concentrations of cyclic siloxanes [octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D(4)), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D(5)), dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D(6))], tetradecamethylcycloheptasiloxane (D(7))] and linear siloxanes (L(4) to L(14)) in a variety of consumer products (n = 76), including hair-care products, skin lotions, body washes, cosmetics, nursing nipples (i.e., pacifiers), cookware, and household sanitation products such as cleansers and furniture polishes, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. Prior to the analysis of samples, a method was developed to reduce the contamination arising from organosiloxanes present in certain gas chromatograph (GC) parts, such as the inlet septum; use of a Restek BTO septum at an inlet temperature of 200 degrees C gave the lowest background level (D(4): 0.8 pg; D(5): 0.3 pg; D(6): 0.2 pg). Concentrations of cyclic siloxanes in consumer products analyzed ranged from <0.35 to 9380 microg/g, from <0.39 to 81,800 microg/g, from <0.33 to 43,100 microg/g, and from <0.42 to 846 microg/g for D(4), D(5), D(6), and D(7), respectively. Concentrations of linear siloxanes varied from <0.059 to 73,000 microg/g. More than 50% of the samples analyzed contained D(4), D(5), or D(6). Cyclic siloxanes were predominant in most of the sample categories; D(5) was predominant in hair-care products, skin lotions, and cosmetics; D(6) or D(7) was predominant in rubber products, including nipples, cookware, and sealants. Potential daily exposure to total organosiloxanes (sum of cyclic and linear siloxanes) from the use of personal-care products by adult women in the United States has been estimated to be 307 mg. Significant positive correlations (p < 0.01) existed in our study between D(4) and D(7), D(4) and linear siloxanes, D(5) and D(6), and D(5) and linear siloxanes. The correlations can be related to the composition of organosiloxanes used in consumer products. The results of our study suggest that a wide variety of consumer products that are used on a daily basis contain cyclic and linear siloxanes and these products can contribute considerably to human exposures.
Mixed Anion Heterostructure Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-10-01

Because the analysis is ex-situ, the Ga2O3 fit component at 20.5 eV is also present. In the Sd 4d photoelectron spectra, the Sb2O3 and Sb2O5...indicating that AsSby segregates at the GaAsySb1-y/GaSb interface. Ga3d Sb4dAs3d GaAs As2O3 As2O5 4244464850 40 AsSby As 16182022 Ga2O3 GaSb Ga...AsSby 182022 GaSb GaAsGa2O3 182022 GaSb GaAsGa2O3 3840424446 As2O3 GaAs As 182022 Ga2O3 GaAs As2, 10 sec, 420 °C As4, 30 sec, 420 °C 18 Figure
Magnetic and electronic properties of La3 MO7 and possible polaron formation in hole-doped La3 MO7 (M = Ru and Os)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Bin; Weng, Yakui; Zhang, Jun-Jie; Zhang, Huimin; Zhang, Yang; Dong, Shuai

2017-03-01

Oxides with 4d/5d transition metal ions are physically interesting for their particular crystalline structures as well as the spin-orbit coupled electronic structures. Recent experiments revealed a series of 4d/5d transition metal oxides R 3 MO7 (R: rare earth; M: 4d/5d transition metal) with unique quasi-one-dimensional M chains. Here first-principles calculations have been performed to study the electronic structures of La3OsO7 and La3RuO7. Our study confirm both of them to be Mott insulating antiferromagnets with identical magnetic order. The reduced magnetic moments, which are much smaller than the expected value for ideal high-spin state (3 t 2g orbitals occupied), are attributed to the strong p - d hybridization with oxygen ions, instead of the spin-orbit coupling. The Ca-doping to La3OsO7 and La3RuO7 can not only modulate the nominal carrier density but also affect the orbital order as well as the local distortions. The Coulombic attraction and particular orbital order would prefer to form polarons, which might explain the puzzling insulating behavior of doped 5d transition metal oxides. In addition, our calculations predict that the Ca-doping can trigger ferromagnetism in La3RuO7 but not in La3OsO7.
NMR spectroscopic properties (1H at 500 MHz) of deuterated* ribonucleotide-dimers ApU*, GpC*, partially deuterated 2'-deoxyribonucleotide-dimers d(TpA*), d(ApT*), d(GpC*) and their comparison with natural counterparts (1H-NMR window).

PubMed

Földesi, A; Nilson, F P; Glemarec, C; Gioeli, C; Chattopadhyaya, J

1993-02-01

Pure 1'#,2',3',4'#,5',5''-2H6-ribonucleoside derivatives 10-14, 1'#,2',2'',3',4'#,5',5''-2H7-2'-deoxynucleoside blocks 15-18 and their natural-abundance counterparts were used to assemble partially deuterated ribonucleotide-dimers (* indicates deuteration at 1'#,2',3',4'#,5',5''(2H6)): ApU* 21, GpC* 22 and partially deuterated 2'-deoxyribonucleotide-dimers d(TpA*) 23, d(ApT*) 25, d(GpC*) 26 (* indicates deuteration at 1'#,2',2'',3',4'#,5',5''(2H7)) according to the procedure described by Földesi et al. (Tetrahedron, in press). These five partially deuterated oligonucleotides were subsequently compared with their corresponding natural-abundance counterparts by 500 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy to evaluate the actual NMR simplifications achieved in the non-deuterated part (1H-NMR window) as a result of specific deuterium incorporation. Detailed one-dimensional 1H-NMR (500 MHz), two-dimensional correlation spectra (DQF-COSY and TOCSY) and deuterium isotope effect on the chemical shifts of oligonucleotides have been presented.
Analysis of the M-shell spectra emitted by a short-pulse laser-created tantalum plasma

PubMed

Busquet; Jiang; Coinsertion Markte CY; Kieffer; Klapisch; Bar-Shalom; Bauche-Arnoult; Bachelier

2000-01-01

The spectrum of tantalum emitted by a subpicosecond laser-created plasma, was recorded in the regions of the 3d-5f, 3d-4f, and 3d-4p transitions. The main difference with a nanosecond laser-created plasma spectrum is a broad understructure appearing under the 3d-5f transitions. An interpretation of this feature as a density effect is proposed. The supertransition array model is used for interpreting the spectrum, assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) at some effective temperature. An interpretation of the 3d-4f spectrum using the more detailed unresolved transition array formalism, which does not assume LTE, is also proposed. Fitted contributions of the different ionic species differ slightly from the LTE-predicted values.
Cessation of cyclic stretch induces atrophy of C2C12 myotubes.

PubMed

Soltow, Quinlyn A; Zeanah, Elizabeth H; Lira, Vitor A; Criswell, David S

2013-05-03

Cyclic stretch of differentiated myotubes mimics the loading pattern of mature skeletal muscle. We tested a cell culture model of disuse atrophy by the cessation of repetitive bouts of cyclic stretch in differentiated C2C12 myotubes. Myotubes were subjected to cyclic strain (12%, 0.7 Hz, 1 h/d) on collagen-I-coated Bioflex plates using a computer-controlled vacuum stretch apparatus (Flexcell Int.) for 2 (2dSTR) or 5 (5dSTR) consecutive days. Control cultures were maintained in the Bioflex plates without cyclic stretch for 2d or 5d. Additionally, some cultures were stretched for 2 d followed by cessation of stretch for 3d (2dSTR3dCES). Cyclic stretching (5dSTR) increased myotube diameter and overall myotube area by ~2-fold (P<0.05) compared to non-stretched controls, while cessation of stretch (2dSTR3dCES) resulted in ~80% smaller myotubes than 5dSTR cells, and 40-50% smaller than non-stretched controls (P<0.05). Further, the calpain-dependent cleavage products of αII-spectrin (150 kDa) and talin increased (3.5-fold and 2.2-fold, respectively; P<0.05) in 2dSTR3dCES myotubes, compared to non-stretched controls. The 1h cyclic stretching protocol acutely increased the phosphorylation of Akt (+4.5-fold; P<0.05) and its downstream targets, FOXO3a (+4.2-fold; P<0.05) and GSK-3β (+1.8-fold; P<0.05), which returned to baseline by 48 h after cessation of stretch. Additionally, nitric oxide production increased during stretch and co-treatment with the NOS inhibitor, l-NAME, inhibited the effects of stretch and cessation of stretch. We conclude that cessation of cyclic stretching causes myotube atrophy by activating calpains and decreasing activation of Akt. Stretch-induced myotube growth, as well as activation of atrophy signaling with cessation of stretch, are dependent on NOS activity. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cerebral acetylcholine and choline contents and turnover following low-dose acetylcholinesterase inhibitors treatment in rats.

PubMed

Shih, Tsung-Ming; Scremin, Oscar U; Roch, Margareth; Huynh, Ly; Sun, Wei; Jenden, Donald J

2006-11-01

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 3 weeks with (1) regular tap drinking water plus subcutaneous (s.c.) saline (0.5 ml/kg) injections three times/week, (2) pyridostigmine bromide (PB) in drinking water (80 mg/L) plus s.c. saline injections three times/week, (3) regular tap drinking water plus s.c. sarin (0.5 x LD(50)) injections three times/week, or (4) PB in drinking water plus s.c. sarin injections three times/week. Repeated doses of sarin, in the presence or absence of PB, were devoid of acute toxicity during the three-week treatment period. Two, 4, and 16 weeks post-treatment, animals were given an intravenous pulse injection of choline labeled with 4 deuterium atoms (D4Ch) followed, after 1 min, by microwave fixation of the brain in vivo. Tissue levels of endogenous acetylcholine (D0ACh), endogenous choline (D0Ch), D4Ch, and ACh synthesized from D4Ch (D4ACh) were measured by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry in hippocampus, infundibulum, mesencephalon, neocortex, piriform cortex, and striatum. Ch uptake from blood and ACh turnover were estimated from D4Ch and D4ACh concentrations in brain tissue, respectively. Statistically significant differences among brain regions were found for D0Ch, D4Ch, D0ACh and D4ACh at 2, 4 and 16 weeks post-treatment. However, differences in the values of these parameters between control and drug treatments were found only for D0ACh and D0Ch at 2 and 4 weeks, but not at 16 weeks post-treatment. In conclusion, the results from these experiments do not support a delayed or persistent alteration in cholinergic function after exposure to low doses of PB and/or sarin.
4D Optimization of Scanned Ion Beam Tracking Therapy for Moving Tumors

PubMed Central

Eley, John Gordon; Newhauser, Wayne David; Lüchtenborg, Robert; Graeff, Christian; Bert, Christoph

2014-01-01

Motion mitigation strategies are needed to fully realize the theoretical advantages of scanned ion beam therapy for patients with moving tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a new four-dimensional (4D) optimization approach for scanned-ion-beam tracking could reduce dose to avoidance volumes near a moving target while maintaining target dose coverage, compared to an existing 3D-optimized beam tracking approach. We tested these approaches computationally using a simple 4D geometrical phantom and a complex anatomic phantom, that is, a 4D computed tomogram of the thorax of a lung cancer patient. We also validated our findings using measurements of carbon-ion beams with a motorized film phantom. Relative to 3D-optimized beam tracking, 4D-optimized beam tracking reduced the maximum predicted dose to avoidance volumes by 53% in the simple phantom and by 13% in the thorax phantom. 4D-optimized beam tracking provided similar target dose homogeneity in the simple phantom (standard deviation of target dose was 0.4% versus 0.3%) and dramatically superior homogeneity in the thorax phantom (D5-D95 was 1.9% versus 38.7%). Measurements demonstrated that delivery of 4D-optimized beam tracking was technically feasible and confirmed a 42% decrease in maximum film exposure in the avoidance region compared with 3D-optimized beam tracking. In conclusion, we found that 4D-optimized beam tracking can reduce the maximum dose to avoidance volumes near a moving target while maintaining target dose coverage, compared with 3D-optimized beam tracking. PMID:24889215
4D optimization of scanned ion beam tracking therapy for moving tumors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eley, John Gordon; Newhauser, Wayne David; Lüchtenborg, Robert; Graeff, Christian; Bert, Christoph

2014-07-01

Motion mitigation strategies are needed to fully realize the theoretical advantages of scanned ion beam therapy for patients with moving tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a new four-dimensional (4D) optimization approach for scanned-ion-beam tracking could reduce dose to avoidance volumes near a moving target while maintaining target dose coverage, compared to an existing 3D-optimized beam tracking approach. We tested these approaches computationally using a simple 4D geometrical phantom and a complex anatomic phantom, that is, a 4D computed tomogram of the thorax of a lung cancer patient. We also validated our findings using measurements of carbon-ion beams with a motorized film phantom. Relative to 3D-optimized beam tracking, 4D-optimized beam tracking reduced the maximum predicted dose to avoidance volumes by 53% in the simple phantom and by 13% in the thorax phantom. 4D-optimized beam tracking provided similar target dose homogeneity in the simple phantom (standard deviation of target dose was 0.4% versus 0.3%) and dramatically superior homogeneity in the thorax phantom (D5-D95 was 1.9% versus 38.7%). Measurements demonstrated that delivery of 4D-optimized beam tracking was technically feasible and confirmed a 42% decrease in maximum film exposure in the avoidance region compared with 3D-optimized beam tracking. In conclusion, we found that 4D-optimized beam tracking can reduce the maximum dose to avoidance volumes near a moving target while maintaining target dose coverage, compared with 3D-optimized beam tracking.
D* production in deep inelastic scattering at HERA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Breitweg, J.; Derrick, M.; Krakauer, D.; Magill, S.; Mikunas, D.; Musgrave, B.; Repond, J.; Stanek, R.; Talaga, R. L.; Yoshida, R.; Zhang, H.; Mattingly, M. C. K.; Anselmo, F.; Antonioli, P.; Bari, G.; Basile, M.; Bellagamba, L.; Boscherini, D.; Bruni, A.; Bruni, G.; Romeo, G. Cara; Castellini, G.; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Contin, A.; Corradi, M.; de Pasquale, S.; Gialas, I.; Giusti, P.; Iacobucci, G.; Laurenti, G.; Levi, G.; Margotti, A.; Massam, T.; Nania, R.; Palmonari, F.; Pesci, A.; Polini, A.; Sartorelli, G.; Garcia, Y. Zamora; Zichichi, A.; Amelung, C.; Bornheim, A.; Brock, I.; Coböken, K.; Crittenden, J.; Deffner, R.; Eckert, M.; Feld, L.; Grothe, M.; Hartmann, H.; Heinloth, K.; Heinz, L.; Hilger, E.; Jakob, H.-P.; Katz, U. F.; Paul, E.; Pfeiffer, M.; Rembser, Ch.; Stamm, J.; Wedemeyer, R.; Bailey, D. S.; Campbell-Robson, S.; Cottingham, W. N.; Foster, B.; Hall-Wilton, R.; Hayes, M. E.; Heath, G. P.; Heath, H. F.; Piccioni, D.; Roff, D. G.; Tapper, R. J.; Arneodo, M.; Ayad, R.; Capua, M.; Garfagnini, A.; Iannotti, L.; Schioppa, M.; Susinno, G.; Kim, J. Y.; Lee, J. H.; Lim, I. T.; Pac, M. Y.; Caldwell, A.; Cartiglia, N.; Jing, Z.; Liu, W.; Parsons, J. A.; Ritz, S.; Sampson, S.; Sciulli, F.; Straub, P. B.; Zhu, Q.; Borzemski, P.; Chwastowski, J.; Eskreys, A.; Jakubowski, Z.; Przybycień, M. B.; Zachara, M.; Zawiejski, L.; Adamczyk, L.; Bednarek, B.; Jeleń, K.; Kisielewska, D.; Kowalski, T.; Przybycień, M.; Rulikowska-Zarȩbska, E.; Suszycki, L.; Zajac, J.; Duliński, Z.; Kotański, A.; Abbiendi, G.; Bauerdick, L. A. T.; Behrens, U.; Beier, H.; Bienlein, J. K.; Cases, G.; Deppe, O.; Desler, K.; Drews, G.; Fricke, U.; Gilkinson, D. J.; Glasman, C.; Göttlicher, P.; Große-Knetter, J.; Haas, T.; Hain, W.; Hasell, D.; Johnson, K. F.; Kasemann, M.; Koch, W.; Kötz, U.; Kowalski, H.; Labs, J.; Lindemann, L.; Löhr, B.; Löwe, M.; Mańczak, O.; Milewski, J.; Monteiro, T.; Ng, J. S. T.; Notz, D.; Ohrenberg, K.; Park, I. H.; Pellegrino, A.; Pelucchi, F.; Piotrzkowski, K.; Roco, M.; Rohde, M.; Roldán, J.; Ryan, J. J.; Savin, A. A.; Schneekloth, U.; Selonke, F.; Surrow, B.; Tassi, E.; Voß, T.; Westphal, D.; Wolf, G.; Wollmer, U.; Youngman, C.; Żarnecki, A. F.; Zeuner, W.; Burow, B. D.; Grabosch, H. J.; Meyer, A.; Schlenstedt, S.; Barbagli, G.; Gallo, E.; Pelfer, P.; Maccarrone, G.; Votano, L.; Bamberger, A.; Eisenhardt, S.; Markun, P.; Trefzger, T.; Wölfle, S.; Bromley, J. T.; Brook, N. H.; Bussey, P. J.; Doyle, A. T.; Saxon, D. H.; Sinclair, L. E.; Strickland, E.; Utley, M. L.; Waugh, R.; Wilson, A. S.; Bohnet, I.; Gendner, N.; Holm, U.; Meyer-Larsen, A.; Salehi, H.; Wick, K.; Gladilin, L. K.; Horstmann, D.; Kçira, D.; Klanner, R.; Lohrmann, E.; Poelz, G.; Schott, W.; Zetsche, F.; Bacon, T. C.; Butterworth, I.; Cole, J. E.; Harris, V. L.; Howell, G.; Hung, B. H. Y.; Lamberti, L.; Long, K. R.; Miller, D. B.; Pavel, N.; Prinias, A.; Sedgbeer, J. K.; Sideris, D.; Whitfield, A. F.; Mallik, U.; Wang, S. M.; Wu, J. T.; Cloth, P.; Filges, D.; Fleck, J. I.; Ishii, T.; Kuze, M.; Nakao, M.; Tokushuku, K.; Yamada, S.; Yamazaki, Y.; An, S. H.; Lee, S. B.; Nam, S. W.; Park, H. S.; Park, S. K.; Barreiro, F.; Fernández, J. P.; García, G.; Graciani, R.; Hernández, J. M.; Hervás, L.; Labarga, L.; Martínez, M.; del Peso, J.; Puga, J.; Terrón, J.; de Trocóniz, J. F.; Corriveau, F.; Hanna, D. S.; Hartmann, J.; Hung, L. W.; Lim, J. N.; Murray, W. N.; Ochs, A.; Riveline, M.; Stairs, D. G.; St-Laurent, M.; Ullmann, R.; Tsurugai, T.; Bashkirov, V.; Dolgoshein, B. A.; Stifutkin, A.; Bashindzhagyan, G. L.; Ermolov, P. F.; Golubkov, Yu. A.; Khein, L. A.; Korotkova, N. A.; Korzhavina, I. A.; Kuzmin, V. A.; Lukina, O. Yu.; Proskuryakov, A. S.; Shcheglova, L. M.; Shumilin, A. V.; Solomin, A. N.; Zotkin, S. A.; Bokel, C.; Botje, M.; Brümmer, N.; Chlebana, F.; Engelen, J.; Kooijman, P.; Kruse, A.; van Sighem, A.; Tiecke, H.; Verkerke, W.; Vossebeld, J.; Vreeswijk, M.; Wiggers, L.; de Wolf, E.; Acosta, D.; Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Gilmore, J.; Ginsburg, C. M.; Kim, C. L.; Ling, T. Y.; Nylander, P.; Romanowski, T. A.; Blaikley, H. E.; Cashmore, R. J.; Cooper-Sarkar, A. M.; Devenish, R. C. E.; Edmonds, J. K.; Harnew, N.; Lancaster, M.; McFall, J. D.; Nath, C.; Noyes, V. A.; Quadt, A.; Ruske, O.; Tickner, J. R.; Uijterwaal, H.; Walczak, R.; Waters, D. S.; Bertolin, A.; Brugnera, R.; Carlin, R.; dal Corso, F.; Dosselli, U.; Limentani, S.; Morandin, M.; Posocco, M.; Stanco, L.; Stroili, R.; Voci, C.; Bulmahn, J.; Feild, R. G.; Oh, B. Y.; Okrasiński, J. R.; Whitmore, J. J.; Iga, Y.; D'Agostini, G.; Marini, G.; Nigro, A.; Raso, M.; Hart, J. C.; McCubbin, N. A.; Shah, T. P.; Barberis, E.; Dubbs, T.; Heusch, C.; van Hook, M.; Lockman, W.; Rahn, J. T.; Sadrozinski, H. F.-W.; Seiden, A.; Williams, D. C.; Schwarzer, O.; Walenta, A. H.; Abramowicz, H.; Briskin, G.; Dagan, S.; Doeker, T.; Kananov, S.; Levy, A.; Abe, T.; Fusayasu, T.; Inuzuka, M.; Nagano, K.; Suzuki, I.; Umemori, K.; Yamashita, T.; Hamatsu, R.; Hirose, T.; Homma, K.; Kitamura, S.; Matsushita, T.; Yamauchi, K.; Cirio, R.; Costa, M.; Ferrero, M. I.; Maselli, S.; Monaco, V.; Peroni, C.; Petrucci, M. C.; Sacchi, R.; Solano, A.; Staiano, A.; Dardo, M.; Bailey, D. C.; Brkic, M.; Fagerstroem, C.-P.; Hartner, G. F.; Joo, K. K.; Levman, G. M.; Martin, J. F.; Orr, R. S.; Polenz, S.; Sampson, C. R.; Simmons, D.; Teuscher, R. J.; Butterworth, J. M.; Catterall, C. D.; Jones, T. W.; Kaziewicz, P. B.; Lane, J. B.; Saunders, R. L.; Shulman, J.; Sutton, M. R.; Lu, B.; Mo, L. W.; Ciborowski, J.; Grzelak, G.; Kasprzak, M.; Muchorowski, K.; Nowak, R. J.; Pawlak, J. M.; Pawlak, R.; Tymieniecka, T.; Wróblewski, A. K.; Zakrzewski, J. A.; Adamus, M.; Coldewey, C.; Eisenberg, Y.; Hochman, D.; Karshon, U.; Revel, D.; Badgett, W. F.; Chapin, D.; Cross, R.; Dasu, S.; Foudas, C.; Loveless, R. J.; Mattingly, S.; Reeder, D. D.; Smith, W. H.; Vaiciulis, A.; Wodarczyk, M.; Bhadra, S.; Frisken, W. R.; Khakzad, M.; Schmidke, W. B.

1997-02-01

This paper presents measurements of D*+/- production in deep inelastic scattering from collisions between 27.5 GeV positrons and 820 GeV protons. The data have been taken with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The decay channel D*+ -> (D0 -> K- π+) π+ (+c.c.) has been used in the study. The e+p cross section for inclusive D*+/- production with 5 < Q2 < 100 GeV2 and y < 0.7 is 5.3 +/- 1.0 +/- 0.8 nb in the kinematic region 1.3 < pT(D*+/-) < 9.0 GeV and η(D*+/-) < 1.5. Differential cross sections as functions of pT(D*+/-), η(D*+/-), W and Q2 are compared with next-to-leading order QCD calculations based on the photon-gluon fusion production mechanism. After an extrapolation of the cross section to the full kinematic region in pT(D*+/-) and η(D*+/-), the charm contribution Fcc2 (x, Q2) to the proton structure function is determined for Bjorken x between 2.10-4 and 5.10-3.

Exploratory Study of 4D versus 3D Robust Optimization in Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy for Lung Cancer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Wei, E-mail: Liu.Wei@mayo.edu; Schild, Steven E.; Chang, Joe Y.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of uncertainties and interplay on 3-dimensional (3D) and 4D robustly optimized intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plans for lung cancer in an exploratory methodology study. Methods and Materials: IMPT plans were created for 11 nonrandomly selected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases: 3D robustly optimized plans on average CTs with internal gross tumor volume density overridden to irradiate internal target volume, and 4D robustly optimized plans on 4D computed tomography (CT) to irradiate clinical target volume (CTV). Regular fractionation (66 Gy [relative biological effectiveness; RBE] in 33 fractions) was considered.more » In 4D optimization, the CTV of individual phases received nonuniform doses to achieve a uniform cumulative dose. The root-mean-square dose-volume histograms (RVH) measured the sensitivity of the dose to uncertainties, and the areas under the RVH curve (AUCs) were used to evaluate plan robustness. Dose evaluation software modeled time-dependent spot delivery to incorporate interplay effect with randomized starting phases of each field per fraction. Dose-volume histogram (DVH) indices comparing CTV coverage, homogeneity, and normal tissue sparing were evaluated using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: 4D robust optimization plans led to smaller AUC for CTV (14.26 vs 18.61, respectively; P=.001), better CTV coverage (Gy [RBE]) (D{sub 95%} CTV: 60.6 vs 55.2, respectively; P=.001), and better CTV homogeneity (D{sub 5%}-D{sub 95%} CTV: 10.3 vs 17.7, resspectively; P=.002) in the face of uncertainties. With interplay effect considered, 4D robust optimization produced plans with better target coverage (D{sub 95%} CTV: 64.5 vs 63.8, respectively; P=.0068), comparable target homogeneity, and comparable normal tissue protection. The benefits from 4D robust optimization were most obvious for the 2 typical stage III lung cancer patients. Conclusions: Our exploratory methodology study showed that, compared to 3D robust optimization, 4D robust optimization produced significantly more robust and interplay-effect-resistant plans for targets with comparable dose distributions for normal tissues. A further study with a larger and more realistic patient population is warranted to generalize the conclusions.« less
Activation of PLC by an endogenous cytokine (GBP) in Drosophila S3 cells and its application as a model for studying inositol phosphate signalling through ITPK1.

PubMed

Zhou, Yixing; Wu, Shilan; Wang, Huanchen; Hayakawa, Yoichi; Bird, Gary S; Shears, Stephen B

2012-12-01

Using immortalized [3H]inositol-labelled S3 cells, we demonstrated in the present study that various elements of the inositol phosphate signalling cascade are recruited by a Drosophila homologue from a cytokine family of so-called GBPs (growth-blocking peptides). HPLC analysis revealed that dGBP (Drosophila GBP) elevated Ins(1,4,5)P3 levels 9-fold. By using fluorescent Ca2+ probes, we determined that dGBP initially mobilized Ca2+ from intracellular pools; the ensuing depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores by dGBP subsequently activated a Ca2+ entry pathway. The addition of dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) to knock down expression of the Drosophila Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor almost completely eliminated mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores by dGBP. Taken together, the results of the present study describe a classical activation of PLC (phospholipase C) by dGBP. The peptide also promoted increases in the levels of other inositol phosphates with signalling credentials: Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, Ins(1,4,5,6)P4 and Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5. These results greatly expand the regulatory repertoire of the dGBP family, and also characterize S3 cells as a model for studying the regulation of inositol phosphate metabolism and signalling by endogenous cell-surface receptors. We therefore created a cell-line (S3ITPK1) in which heterologous expression of human ITPK (inositol tetrakisphosphate kinase) was controlled by an inducible metallothionein promoter. We found that dGBP-stimulated S3ITPK1 cells did not synthesize Ins(3,4,5,6)P4, contradicting a hypothesis that the PLC-coupled phosphotransferase activity of ITPK1 [Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5+Ins(1,3,4)P3→Ins(3,4,5,6)P4+Ins(1,3,4,6)P4] is driven solely by the laws of mass action [Chamberlain, Qian, Stiles, Cho, Jones, Lesley, Grabau, Shears and Spraggon (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282, 28117-28125]. This conclusion represents a fundamental breach in our understanding of ITPK1 signalling.
Identification of sinensetin metabolites in rat urine by an isotope-labeling method and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Wei, Guor-Jien; Sheen, Jenn-Feng; Lu, Wen-Chien; Hwang, Lucy Sun; Ho, Chi-Tang; Lin, Ching-I

2013-05-29

Sinensetin (SIN), one of the major polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) contained mainly in the citrus peels, has been reported to possess various bioactivities, including antifungal, antimutagenic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Although the biotransformation of SIN in fungi and insects has been reported, the information about the metabolism of SIN in mammals is still unclear. In this study, formation of SIN metabolites in rats was investigated. Four isotope-labeled SINs ([4'-D3]SIN, [3'-D3]SIN, [5-D3]SIN, and [6-D3]SIN) were synthesized and administered to rat. The urine samples were collected and main metabolites were monitored by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The administered compound and four SIN metabolites were detected in rat urine. These metabolites were identified as 4'-hydroxy-5,6,7,3'-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-6,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 6-hydroxy-5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone, and 7-hydroxy-5,6,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone sulfate.
Impact of Three Doses of Vitamin D3 on Serum 25(OH)D Deficiency and Insufficiency in At-Risk Schoolchildren.

PubMed

Sacheck, Jennifer M; Van Rompay, Maria I; Chomitz, Virginia R; Economos, Christina D; Eliasziw, Misha; Goodman, Elizabeth; Gordon, Catherine M; Holick, Michael F

2017-12-01

We investigated the daily dose of vitamin D needed to achieve serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] sufficiency among schoolchildren at risk for deficiency. The Daily D Health Study was a randomized double-blind vitamin D supplementation trial among racially/ethnically diverse schoolchildren (n = 685) in the northeastern United States. Children were supplemented with vitamin D3 at 600, 1000, or 2000 IU/d for 6 months. Measurements included serum 25(OH)D at baseline (October to December), 3 months (January to March), 6 months (April to June), and 12 months (6 months after supplementation). At baseline, mean ± standard deviation serum 25(OH)D level was 22.0 ± 6.8 ng/mL, with 5.5% severely vitamin D deficient (<12 ng/mL), 34.1% deficient (12 to 19 ng/mL), 49.0% insufficient (20 to 29 ng/mL), and 11.4% sufficient (≥30 ng/mL). The lowest levels of serum 25(OH)D were found among black (17.9 ± 6.7 ng/mL) and Asian children (18.9 ± 4.8 ng/mL), with no baseline differences by weight status. Serum 25(OH)D increased over 6 months in all three dose groups. The 2000 IU/d group achieved a higher mean serum 25(OH)D level than the other two dose groups (33.1 vs 26.3 and 27.5 ng/mL; P < 0.001), with 59.9% of this group attaining sufficiency at 3 months and only 5.3% remaining severely deficient/deficient at 6 months. All dose groups demonstrated a fall in 25(OH)D at 12 months. Children at risk for vitamin D deficiency benefited from daily sustained supplementation of 2000 IU/d compared with lower doses closer to the current recommended daily allowance for vitamin D intake. This benefit occurred over the winter months, when serum 25(OH)D level tend to fall. Copyright © 2017 Endocrine Society
RELAP5-3D Developmental Assessment. Comparison of Version 4.3.4i on Linux and Windows

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bayless, Paul David

2015-10-01

Figures have been generated comparing the parameters used in the developmental assessment of the RELAP5-3D code, version 4.3i, compiled on Linux and Windows platforms. The figures, which are the same as those used in Volume III of the RELAP5-3D code manual, compare calculations using the semi-implicit solution scheme with available experiment data. These figures provide a quick, visual indication of how the code predictions differ between the Linux and Windows versions.
Evolving a polymerase for hydrophobic base analogues.

PubMed

Loakes, David; Gallego, José; Pinheiro, Vitor B; Kool, Eric T; Holliger, Philipp

2009-10-21

Hydrophobic base analogues (HBAs) have shown great promise for the expansion of the chemical and coding potential of nucleic acids but are generally poor polymerase substrates. While extensive synthetic efforts have yielded examples of HBAs with favorable substrate properties, their discovery has remained challenging. Here we describe a complementary strategy for improving HBA substrate properties by directed evolution of a dedicated polymerase using compartmentalized self-replication (CSR) with the archetypal HBA 5-nitroindole (d5NI) and its derivative 5-nitroindole-3-carboxamide (d5NIC) as selection substrates. Starting from a repertoire of chimeric polymerases generated by molecular breeding of DNA polymerase genes from the genus Thermus, we isolated a polymerase (5D4) with a generically enhanced ability to utilize HBAs. The selected polymerase. 5D4 was able to form and extend d5NI and d5NIC (d5NI(C)) self-pairs as well as d5NI(C) heteropairs with all four bases with efficiencies approaching, or exceeding, those of the cognate Watson-Crick pairs, despite significant distortions caused by the intercalation of the d5NI(C) heterocycles into the opposing strand base stack, as shown by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Unlike Taq polymerase, 5D4 was also able to extend HBA pairs such as Pyrene: varphi (abasic site), d5NI: varphi, and isocarbostyril (ICS): 7-azaindole (7AI), allowed bypass of a chemically diverse spectrum of HBAs, and enabled PCR amplification with primers comprising multiple d5NI(C)-substitutions, while maintaining high levels of catalytic activity and fidelity. The selected polymerase 5D4 promises to expand the range of nucleobase analogues amenable to replication and should find numerous applications, including the synthesis and replication of nucleic acid polymers with expanded chemical and functional diversity.
A Deuterium NMR Study of Bent-Core Liquid Crystals. 1; Synthesis and Characterization of Deuterium-Labeled Oxadiazole-Containing Liquid Crystals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dingemans, Theo J.; Madsen, Louis A.; Samulski, Edward T.; Bushnell, Dennis M. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

We have synthesized two deuterated boomerang-shaped liquid crystals based on 2,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (ODBP). Deuterium was introduced in the rigid 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole core and in the aromatic ring of the terminal 4-dodecyloxyphenyl moiety using standard acid catalyzed deuterium exchange conditions. Both compounds, ([4,4'(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2,5-diyl-d4)] di-4-dodecyloxybenzoate: ODBP-d4-Ph-O-C12) and ([4,4'(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2,5-diyl)] di-4-dodecyloxy-benzoate-d4; ODBP-Ph-d4-O-C12) were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance, optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The optical textures and thermal behavior of both compounds were found to be identical to the non-deuterated analog [4,4(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2,5-diyl)] di-4-dodecyloxybenzoate (ODBP-Ph-O-C12) which we reported earlier. These compounds exhibit behavior indicative of a biaxial nematic liquid crystal phase, which we hope to confirm using deuterium NMR spectroscopy in the next phase of this study.
Measurement of singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays D 0 → π 0 π 0 π 0 , π 0 π 0 η , π 0 ηη and ηηη

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ablikim, M.; Achasov, M. N.; Ahmed, S.

2018-06-01

Using a data sample of e+e- collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb-1 collected with the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of ps = 3.773 GeV, we search for the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays D0 → π0π0π0, π0π0η, π0ηη and ηηη using the double tag method. The absolute branching fractions are measured to be B(D0 → π0π0π0) = (2.0 ± 0.4 ± 0.3) × 10-4, B(D0 → π0π0η) = (3.8 ± 1.1 ± 0.7) × 10-4 and B(D0 → π0ηη) = (7.3 ± 1.6 ± 1.5) × 10-4 with the statistical significances of 4.8σ, 3.8σ and 5.5σ,more » respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones systematic. No significant signal of D0 → ηηη is found, and the upper limit on its decay branching fraction is set to be B(D0 → ηηη) < 1.3 × 10-4 at the 90% confidence level.« less
Measurement of singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays D0 → π0π0π0, π0π0η, π0ηη and ηηη

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ablikim, M.; Achasov, M. N.; Ahmed, S.; Albrecht, M.; Amoroso, A.; An, F. F.; An, Q.; Bai, J. Z.; Bai, Y.; Bakina, O.; Baldini Ferroli, R.; Ban, Y.; Bennett, D. W.; Bennett, J. V.; Berger, N.; Bertani, M.; Bettoni, D.; Bian, J. M.; Bianchi, F.; Boger, E.; Boyko, I.; Briere, R. A.; Cai, H.; Cai, X.; Cakir, O.; Calcaterra, A.; Cao, G. F.; Cetin, S. A.; Chai, J.; Chang, J. F.; Chelkov, G.; Chen, G.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, J. C.; Chen, M. L.; Chen, P. L.; Chen, S. J.; Chen, X. R.; Chen, Y. B.; Chu, X. K.; Cibinetto, G.; Dai, H. L.; Dai, J. P.; Dbeyssi, A.; Dedovich, D.; Deng, Z. Y.; Denig, A.; Denysenko, I.; Destefanis, M.; de Mori, F.; Ding, Y.; Dong, C.; Dong, J.; Dong, L. Y.; Dong, M. Y.; Dou, Z. L.; Du, S. X.; Duan, P. F.; Fang, J.; Fang, S. S.; Fang, Y.; Farinelli, R.; Fava, L.; Fegan, S.; Feldbauer, F.; Felici, G.; Feng, C. Q.; Fioravanti, E.; Fritsch, M.; Fu, C. D.; Gao, Q.; Gao, X. L.; Gao, Y.; Gao, Y. G.; Gao, Z.; Garillon, B.; Garzia, I.; Goetzen, K.; Gong, L.; Gong, W. X.; Gradl, W.; Greco, M.; Gu, M. H.; Gu, Y. T.; Guo, A. Q.; Guo, R. P.; Guo, Y. P.; Haddadi, Z.; Han, S.; Hao, X. Q.; Harris, F. A.; He, K. L.; He, X. Q.; Heinsius, F. H.; Held, T.; Heng, Y. K.; Holtmann, T.; Hou, Z. L.; Hu, H. M.; Hu, T.; Hu, Y.; Huang, G. S.; Huang, J. S.; Huang, X. T.; Huang, X. Z.; Huang, Z. L.; Hussain, T.; Ikegami Andersson, W.; Ji, Q.; Ji, Q. P.; Ji, X. B.; Ji, X. L.; Jiang, X. S.; Jiang, X. Y.; Jiao, J. B.; Jiao, Z.; Jin, D. P.; Jin, S.; Jin, Y.; Johansson, T.; Julin, A.; Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N.; Kang, X. L.; Kang, X. S.; Kavatsyuk, M.; Ke, B. C.; Khan, T.; Khoukaz, A.; Kiese, P.; Kliemt, R.; Koch, L.; Kolcu, O. B.; Kopf, B.; Kornicer, M.; Kuemmel, M.; Kuessner, M.; Kuhlmann, M.; Kupsc, A.; Kühn, W.; Lange, J. S.; Lara, M.; Larin, P.; Lavezzi, L.; Leithoff, H.; Leng, C.; Li, C.; Li, Cheng; Li, D. M.; Li, F.; Li, F. Y.; Li, G.; Li, H. B.; Li, H. J.; Li, J. C.; Li, Jin; Li, K. J.; Li, Kang; Li, Ke; Li, Lei; Li, P. L.; Li, P. R.; Li, Q. Y.; Li, W. D.; Li, W. G.; Li, X. L.; Li, X. N.; Li, X. Q.; Li, Z. B.; Liang, H.; Liang, Y. F.; Liang, Y. T.; Liao, G. R.; Lin, D. X.; Liu, B.; Liu, B. J.; Liu, C. X.; Liu, D.; Liu, F. H.; Liu, Fang; Liu, Feng; Liu, H. B.; Liu, H. M.; Liu, Huanhuan; Liu, Huihui; Liu, J. B.; Liu, J. Y.; Liu, K.; Liu, K. Y.; Liu, Ke; Liu, L. D.; Liu, P. L.; Liu, Q.; Liu, S. B.; Liu, X.; Liu, Y. B.; Liu, Z. A.; Liu, Zhiqing; Long, Y. F.; Lou, X. C.; Lu, H. J.; Lu, J. G.; Lu, Y.; Lu, Y. P.; Luo, C. L.; Luo, M. X.; Luo, X. L.; Lyu, X. R.; Ma, F. C.; Ma, H. L.; Ma, L. L.; Ma, M. M.; Ma, Q. M.; Ma, T.; Ma, X. N.; Ma, X. Y.; Ma, Y. M.; Maas, F. E.; Maggiora, M.; Malik, Q. A.; Mao, Y. J.; Mao, Z. P.; Marcello, S.; Meng, Z. X.; Messchendorp, J. G.; Mezzadri, G.; Min, J.; Min, T. J.; Mitchell, R. E.; Mo, X. H.; Mo, Y. J.; Morales Morales, C.; Muchnoi, N. Yu.; Muramatsu, H.; Mustafa, A.; Nefedov, Y.; Nerling, F.; Nikolaev, I. B.; Ning, Z.; Nisar, S.; Niu, S. L.; Niu, X. Y.; Olsen, S. L.; Ouyang, Q.; Pacetti, S.; Pan, Y.; Papenbrock, M.; Patteri, P.; Pelizaeus, M.; Pellegrino, J.; Peng, H. P.; Peters, K.; Pettersson, J.; Ping, J. L.; Ping, R. G.; Pitka, A.; Poling, R.; Prasad, V.; Qi, H. R.; Qi, M.; Qian, S.; Qiao, C. F.; Qin, N.; Qin, X. S.; Qin, Z. H.; Qiu, J. F.; Rashid, K. H.; Redmer, C. F.; Richter, M.; Ripka, M.; Rolo, M.; Rong, G.; Rosner, Ch.; Sarantsev, A.; Savrié, M.; Schnier, C.; Schoenning, K.; Shan, W.; Shao, M.; Shen, C. P.; Shen, P. X.; Shen, X. Y.; Sheng, H. Y.; Song, J. J.; Song, W. M.; Song, X. Y.; Sosio, S.; Sowa, C.; Spataro, S.; Sun, G. X.; Sun, J. F.; Sun, L.; Sun, S. S.; Sun, X. H.; Sun, Y. J.; Sun, Y. K.; Sun, Y. Z.; Sun, Z. J.; Sun, Z. T.; Tang, C. J.; Tang, G. Y.; Tang, X.; Tapan, I.; Tiemens, M.; Tsednee, B.; Uman, I.; Varner, G. S.; Wang, B.; Wang, B. L.; Wang, D.; Wang, D. Y.; Wang, Dan; Wang, K.; Wang, L. L.; Wang, L. S.; Wang, M.; Wang, Meng; Wang, P.; Wang, P. L.; Wang, W. P.; Wang, X. F.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y. D.; Wang, Y. F.; Wang, Y. Q.; Wang, Z.; Wang, Z. G.; Wang, Z. Y.; Wang, Zongyuan; Weber, T.; Wei, D. H.; Weidenkaff, P.; Wen, S. P.; Wiedner, U.; Wolke, M.; Wu, L. H.; Wu, L. J.; Wu, Z.; Xia, L.; Xia, Y.; Xiao, D.; Xiao, H.; Xiao, Y. J.; Xiao, Z. J.; Xie, Y. G.; Xie, Y. H.; Xiong, X. A.; Xiu, Q. L.; Xu, G. F.; Xu, J. J.; Xu, L.; Xu, Q. J.; Xu, Q. N.; Xu, X. P.; Yan, L.; Yan, W. B.; Yan, W. C.; Yan, Y. H.; Yang, H. J.; Yang, H. X.; Yang, L.; Yang, Y. H.; Yang, Y. X.; Ye, M.; Ye, M. H.; Yin, J. H.; You, Z. Y.; Yu, B. X.; Yu, C. X.; Yu, J. S.; Yuan, C. Z.; Yuan, Y.; Yuncu, A.; Zafar, A. A.; Zeng, Y.; Zeng, Z.; Zhang, B. X.; Zhang, B. Y.; Zhang, C. C.; Zhang, D. H.; Zhang, H. H.; Zhang, H. Y.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, J. L.; Zhang, J. Q.; Zhang, J. W.; Zhang, J. Y.; Zhang, J. Z.; Zhang, K.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, S. Q.; Zhang, X. Y.; Zhang, Y. H.; Zhang, Y. T.; Zhang, Yang; Zhang, Yao; Zhang, Yu; Zhang, Z. H.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Zhao, G.; Zhao, J. W.; Zhao, J. Y.; Zhao, J. Z.; Zhao, Lei; Zhao, Ling; Zhao, M. G.; Zhao, Q.; Zhao, S. J.; Zhao, T. C.; Zhao, Y. B.; Zhao, Z. G.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zheng, B.; Zheng, J. P.; Zheng, Y. H.; Zhong, B.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, X.; Zhou, X. K.; Zhou, X. R.; Zhou, X. Y.; Zhu, J.; Zhu, J.; Zhu, K.; Zhu, K. J.; Zhu, S.; Zhu, S. H.; Zhu, X. L.; Zhu, Y. C.; Zhu, Y. S.; Zhu, Z. A.; Zhuang, J.; Zou, B. S.; Zou, J. H.; Besiii Collaboration

2018-06-01

Using a data sample of e+e- collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb-1 collected with the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of √{ s } = 3.773GeV, we search for the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays D0 →π0π0π0, π0π0 η, π0 ηη and ηηη using the double tag method. The absolute branching fractions are measured to be B (D0 →π0π0π0) = (2.0 ± 0.4 ± 0.3) ×10-4, B (D0 →π0π0 η) = (3.8 ± 1.1 ± 0.7) ×10-4 and B (D0 →π0 ηη) = (7.3 ± 1.6 ± 1.5) ×10-4 with the statistical significances of 4.8σ, 3.8σ and 5.5σ, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones systematic. No significant signal of D0 → ηηη is found, and the upper limit on its decay branching fraction is set to be B (D0 → ηηη) < 1.3 ×10-4 at the 90% confidence level.
A comparison of the product formation induced by ultrasonic waves and gamma-rays in aqueous D-glucose solution.

PubMed

Heusinger, H

1987-08-01

The oxidation products obtained in aerated, aqueous alpha-D-glucose solutions after irradiation with ultrasonic waves and gamma-rays were compared. Separation and identification were performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and three methods for the derivatization of the products were used: (1) trimethylsilylation of the OH groups; (2) methoximation of the carbonyl groups followed by trimethylsilylation of the OH groups; (3) reduction of the carbonyl and carboxyl groups to alcohols by sodium borodeuteride, followed by trimethylsilylation of the OH groups. When using ultrasound and gamma-irradiation identical products were observed: D-glucono-1,4-lactone, D-glucono-1,5-lactone, D-arabino-hexos-2-ulose, D-ribo-hexos-3-ulose, D-xylo-hexos-4-ulose, D-xylo-hexos-5-ulose, D-glucohexodialdose and arabino-1,4-lactone. From the results it was concluded that in ultrasound and gamma-irradiation the same primary species and consecutive reactions are involved in product formation.
First principle study of AlX (X=3d, 4d, 5d elements and Lu) dimer.

PubMed

Ouyang, Yifang; Wang, Jianchuan; Hou, Yuhua; Zhong, Xiaping; Du, Yong; Feng, Yuanping

2008-02-21

The ground state equilibrium bond length, harmonic vibrational frequency, and dissociation energy of AlX (X=3d,4d,5d elements and Lu) dimers are investigated by density functional method B3LYP. The present results are in good agreement with the available experimental and other theoretical values except the dissociation energy of AlCr. The present calculations show that the late transition metal can combine strongly with aluminum compared with the former transition metal. The present calculation also indicates that it is more reasonable to replace La with Lu in the Periodic Table and that the bonding strengths of zinc, cadmium, and mercury with aluminum are very weak.
D 6ℛ4 amplitudes in various dimensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pioline, Boris

2015-04-01

Four-graviton couplings in the low energy effective action of type II string vacua compactified on tori are strongly constrained by supersymmetry and U-duality. While the ℛ4 and D 4ℛ4 couplings are known exactly in terms of Langlands-Eisenstein series of the U-duality group, the D 6ℛ4 couplings are not nearly as well understood. Exploiting the coincidence of the U-duality group in D = 6 with the T-duality group in D = 5, we propose an exact formula for the D 6ℛ4 couplings in type II string theory compactified on T 4, in terms of a genus-two modular integral plus a suitable Eisenstein series. The same modular integral computes the two-loop correction to D 6ℛ4 in 5 dimensions, but here provides the non-perturbative completion of the known perturbative terms in D = 6. This proposal hinges on a systematic re-analysis of the weak coupling and large radius of the D 6ℛ4 in all dimensions D ≥ 3, which fills in some gaps and resolves some inconsistencies in earlier studies.
Coreceptor Tropism in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype D: High Prevalence of CXCR4 Tropism and Heterogeneous Composition of Viral Populations▿

PubMed Central

Huang, Wei; Eshleman, Susan H.; Toma, Jonathan; Fransen, Signe; Stawiski, Eric; Paxinos, Ellen E.; Whitcomb, Jeannette M.; Young, Alicia M.; Donnell, Deborah; Mmiro, Francis; Musoke, Philippa; Guay, Laura A.; Jackson, J. Brooks; Parkin, Neil T.; Petropoulos, Christos J.

2007-01-01

In human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype B, CXCR4 coreceptor use ranges from ∼20% in early infection to ∼50% in advanced disease. Coreceptor use by non-subtype B HIV is less well characterized. We studied coreceptor tropism of subtype A and D HIV-1 collected from 68 pregnant, antiretroviral drug-naive Ugandan women (HIVNET 012 trial). None of 33 subtype A or 10 A/D-recombinant viruses used the CXCR4 coreceptor. In contrast, nine (36%) of 25 subtype D viruses used both CXCR4 and CCR5 coreceptors. Clonal analyses of the nine subtype D samples with dual or mixed tropism revealed heterogeneous viral populations comprised of X4-, R5-, and dual-tropic HIV-1 variants. In five of the six samples with dual-tropic strains, V3 loop sequences of dual-tropic clones were identical to those of cocirculating R5-tropic clones, indicating the presence of CXCR4 tropism determinants outside of the V3 loop. These dual-tropic variants with R5-tropic-like V3 loops, which we designated “dual-R,” use CCR5 much more efficiently than CXCR4, in contrast to dual-tropic clones with X4-tropic-like V3 loops (“dual-X”). These observations have implications for pathogenesis and treatment of subtype D-infected individuals, for the association between V3 sequence and coreceptor tropism phenotype, and for understanding potential mechanisms of evolution from exclusive CCR5 use to efficient CXCR4 use by subtype D HIV-1. PMID:17507467
Effectiveness of Hyperopic Defocus, Minimal Defocus, or Myopic Defocus in Competition with a Myopiagenic Stimulus in Tree Shrew Eyes

PubMed Central

Norton, Thomas T.; Siegwart, John T.; Amedo, Angela O.

2007-01-01

Purpose To examine the ability of hyperopic defocus, minimal defocus, and myopic defocus to compete against a myopiagenic −5-D lens in juvenile tree shrew eyes. Methods Juvenile tree shrews (n ≥ 5 per group), on a 14-hour lights-on/10-hour lights-off schedule, wore a monocular −5-D lens (a myopiagenic stimulus) over the right eye in their home cages for more than 23 hours per day for 11 days. For 45 minutes each day, the animals were restrained so that all visual stimuli were >1 m away. While viewing distance was controlled, the −5-D lens was removed and another lens was substituted with one of the following spherical powers: −5 D, −3 D (hyperopic defocus); plano (minimal defocus); or +3, +4, +5, +6, or +10 D (myopic defocus). Daily noncycloplegic autorefractor measures were made on most animals. After 11 days of treatment, cycloplegic refractive state and axial component dimensions were measured. Results Eyes with the substituted −5- or −3-D-lens developed significant myopia (mean ± SEM, −4.7 ± 0.3 and −3.1 ± 0.1 D, respectively) and appropriate vitreous chamber elongation. All animals with the substituted plano lens (minimal defocus) during the 45-minute period showed no axial elongation or myopia (the plano lens competed effectively against the −5-D lens). Variable results were found among animals that wore a plus lens (myopic defocus). In 11 of 20 eyes, a +3-, +4-, or +5-D lens competed effectively against the −5-D lens (treated eye <1.5 D myopic relative to its fellow control eye). In the other eyes (9/20) myopic defocus was ineffective in blocking compensation; the treated eye became more than 2.5 D myopic relative to the control eye. The +6- and +10-D substituted lenses were ineffective in blocking compensation in all cases. Conclusions When viewing distance was limited to objects >1 m away, viewing through a plano lens for 45 minutes (minimal defocus) consistently prevented the development of axial elongation and myopia in response to a myopiagenic −5-D lens. Myopic defocus prevented compensation in some but not all animals. Thus, myopic defocus is encoded by at least some tree shrew retinas as being different from hyperopic defocus, and myopic defocus can sometimes counteract the myopiagenic effect of the −5-D lens (hyperopic defocus). However, it appears that minimal defocus is a more consistent, strong antidote to a myopiagenic stimulus in this mammal closely related to primates. PMID:17065475
[Chemical constituents in aerial part of Reineckea carnea].

PubMed

Xu, Xin; Fu, Hong-Zheng

2008-10-01

To study the chemical constituents in the aerial part of Reineckea carnea. The compounds were isolated by extraction, silica gel, gel, and reversed-phase silica gel coloum chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures were identified by various spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR spectrum, MS, IR, etc. Six compounds were isolated and identified as 1alpha, 3beta-dihydroxy-5beta-pregn-16-en-20-one-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), syringaresinol-beta-D-glucoside (2), sophoraflavone B (3), stigmast-5, 22-dien-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), daucosterol (5), a-D-glucose (6). Compound 1 was a new compound, coumpounds 2-6 were obtained from the plant for the first time.
Evaluation of critical distances for energy transfer between Pr3+ and Ce3+ in yttrium aluminium garnet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeng, Peng; Wei, Xiantao; Zhou, Shaoshuai; Yin, Min; Chen, Yonghu

2016-09-01

A series of Pr3+/Ce3+ doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Y3Al5O12 or simply YAG) phosphors were synthesized to investigate the energy transfer between Pr3+ and Ce3+ for their potential application in a white light-emitting diode and quantum information storage and processing. The excitation and emission spectra of YAG:Pr3+/Ce3+ were measured and analyzed, and it revealed that the reabsorption between Pr3+ and Ce3+ was so weak that it can be ignored, and the energy transfer from Pr3+ (5d) to Ce3+ (5d) and Ce3+ (5d) to Pr3+ (1D2) did occur. By analyzing the excitation and the emission spectra, the energy transfer from Pr3+ (5d) to Ce3+ (5d) and Ce3+ (5d) to Pr3+ (1D2) was examined in detail with an original strategy deduced from fluorescence dynamics and the Dexter energy transfer theory, and the critical distances of energy transfer were derived to be 7.9 Å and 4.0 Å for Pr3+ (5d) to Ce3+ (5d) and Ce3+ (5d) to Pr3+ (1D2), respectively. The energy transfer rates of the two processes of various concentrations were discussed and evaluated. Furthermore, for the purpose of sensing a single Pr3+ state with a Ce3+ ion, the optimal distance of Ce3+ from Pr3+ was evaluated as 5.60 Å, where the probability of success reaches its maximum value of 78.66%, and meanwhile the probabilities were evaluated for a series of Y3+ sites in a YAG lattice. These results will be of valuable reference for achievement of the optimal energy transfer efficiency in Pr3+/Ce3+ doped YAG and other similar systems.
Absolute Frequency Measurement of the {sup 40}Ca{sup +} 4s {sup 2}S{sub 1/2}-3d {sup 2}D{sub 5/2} Clock Transition

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chwalla, M.; Kim, K.; Monz, T.

2009-01-16

We report on the first absolute transition frequency measurement at the 10{sup -15} level with a single, laser-cooled {sup 40}Ca{sup +} ion in a linear Paul trap. For this measurement, a frequency comb is referenced to the transportable Cs atomic fountain clock of LNE-SYRTE and is used to measure the {sup 40}Ca{sup +} 4s {sup 2}S{sub 1/2}-3d {sup 2}D{sub 5/2} electric-quadrupole transition frequency. After the correction of systematic shifts, the clock transition frequency {nu}{sub Ca{sup +}}=411 042 129 776 393.2(1.0) Hz is obtained, which corresponds to a fractional uncertainty within a factor of 3 of the Cs standard. In addition,more » we determine the Landeg factor of the 3d{sup 2}D{sub 5/2} level to be g{sub 5/2}=1.200 334 0(3)« less
SU-F-J-43: Positional Variation of Implanted Fiducial Markers Over the Course of Image Guided Radiotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shen, S; Jacob, R; Popple, R

2016-06-15

Purpose: Pancreas is a soft-tissue organ, implanted fiducials can change positions due to migration or tissue deformation. This study quantified positional variation of fiducials in IGRT for pancreatic cancer. Methods: 20 patients had at least 3 gold fiducials implanted in pancreas under EUS guidance. Patients had 4D-CT simulation for gated treatment. Daily gated OBI kV images (Turebeam) were used for positional alignment with fiducials for total of 25 or 28 fractions. Relative distances among 3 fiducials (d{sub 1–} {sub 2}, d{sub 1–3}, d{sub 2–3}) were measured from 4D-CT end-of-expiration phase bin; and from gated kV images in first, mid, andmore » last fraction (n=180). Results: The median duration between implant and simulation was 11 (range 0–41) days. The median duration between simulation and first fraction was 17 (range 8–24) days. The median relative distance was 12 (range 4–78) mm for d{sub 1–2}, 24 (range 6–80) mm for d{sub 1–3}, and 19 (range 5–63) mm for d{sub 2–3}. The median deviation was 1 mm for d{sub 1–2}, d{sub 1–3}, d{sub 2–3} between simulation and first fraction, first and mid fraction, mid and last fraction (n=180). Two patients (10%) had deviation >= 5 mm (5, 11 mm) between simulation and first fraction. One patient (5%) had deviation >= 5 mm (11 mm) between first and mid fraction. No patient (0%) had deviation >= 5 mm between mid and last fraction. In all 3 cases with deviation >=5 mm, only one fiducial was significantly deviated. No clear evidence that deviation size was associated with time interval between implant and first fraction. Conclusion: Implanted gold fiducials were quite stable over time in their relative positions in pancreas. Our data suggested at least 3 fiducials are needed. In cases that one fiducial was significantly deviated in daily kV images, this fiducial should be excluded in image guidance.« less
Digestion by fungal glycanases of arabinoxylans with different feruloylated side-chains.

PubMed

Wende, G; Fry, S C

1997-07-01

Alcohol-insoluble residues (AIRs) from Festuca and Zea cell cultures contained 7.4 and 35 nmol esterified ferulate mg-1, respectively. Driselase solubilised 79% of the feruloylated material from both AIRs. Of the feruloyl esters solubilised from Festuca and Zea AIRs, 72 and 56% respectively were small enough to be mobile on paper chromatography. The major feruloylated product of Zea AIR was the known 5-O-feruloyl-alpha-L-Araf-(1-->3)-beta-D-Xylp-(1-->4)- D-Xyl (Fer-Ara-Xyl-Xyl). In contrast, the smallest major feruloylated product of Festuca AIR was a feruloyl pentasaccharide (3) containing 3 Xyl, 1 Ara and 1 non-pentose residue (NPR). The Ara and two of the three Xyl groups of 3 were resistant to NaIO4. Mild acid hydrolysis of 3 gave xylobiose, a feruloyl trisaccharide and beta-D-Xylp-(1-->2)-(5-O-feruloyl)-L-Ara. Compound 3 was therefore NPR-(1-->3)-beta-D-Xylp-(1-->2)-(5-O-feruloyl)-alpha-L-Ar af-(1-->3)-beta-D-Xylp-(1-->4)-D-Xyl. We conclude that the complex feruloyl oligosaccharide side-chains of Festuca arabinoxylan do not protect the polysaccharide against hydrolysis by the fungal glycanases present in Driselase.
Vitamin D3 for uncontrolled childhood asthma: A pilot study.

PubMed

Kerley, Conor P; Hutchinson, Katrina; Cormican, Liam; Faul, John; Greally, Peter; Coghlan, David; Elnazir, Basil

2016-06-01

Observational and mechanistic data suggest a role for vitamin D in childhood asthma. However, subsequent interventional trials have been inconsistent. We aimed to assess the effect of 15 weeks of vitamin D3 supplementation compared with placebo (PL) in Irish children with asthma. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, PL-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation (2000 IU/day) in 44 urban, Caucasian children at high latitude. Assessments were completed at baseline and after 15 weeks of supplementation. Outcome measures were lung function, subjective asthma control and biochemical parameters of total vitamin D, allergy, immunity, airway inflammation, and systemic inflammation. Finally, parents/guardians completed a weekly diary during the trial. There was no significant difference in baseline 25(OH)D levels, but there was a significant increase in median 25(OH)D in the vitamin D3 group (57.5-105 nmol/l) compared with the PL group (52.5-57.5 nmol/l) (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between groups regarding subjective asthma control. Compared with PL, there was a significant decrease in school days missed due to asthma (1 vs. 5 days, p = 0.04) and alkaline phosphatase (-3.4 vs. +16; p = 0.037) in the vitamin D3 group, but there were no beneficial effects regarding several other secondary end-points. However, there were non-significant, advantageous changes in the PL group compared with the vitamin D3 group in subjective asthma control and lung function, particularly percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (+2.5 vs. -4; p = 0.06). Vitamin D3 supplementation led to a significant increase in serum 25(OH)D and decreased school days missed (p = 0.04), but no other advantageous changes in asthma parameters compared with PL. The potential adverse effect of vitamin D deficiency on growth and the potential negative effect of high serum 25(OH)D on pulmonary function warrant further investigation. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hefferan, T.E.; Sherman, S.S.; Sinha, R.

Eighty female Sprague-Dawley 8 week old rats were pair-fed for 2 months a semi-purified egg white diet containing 0.2% Ca and Zn at 4.5, 10, 100 or 200ppm. The vitamin D source was D/sub 3/ or 1,25(OH)/sub 2/D. Serum 1,25(OH)/sub 2/D, Ca and femur densities were determined. Femur densities were shown to regress significantly (p<0.01) with increasing dietary Zn when D/sub 3/ was in the diet. In addition, feeding D/sub 3/ resulted in a significant negative correlation of serum Ca with increased dietary Zn (p<0.05). There was a trend for 1,25(OH)/sub 2/D to increase with increasing Zn intake. However, serummore » values in rats consuming 1,25(OH)/sub 2/D were lower compared to rats consuming D/sub 3/ (25.9+/-3.6 vs 53.0+/-5.9 pg/ml). A second study was conducted to determine if non-fasted rats had elevated 1,25(OH)/sub 2/D serum levels. The rats were fed a similar semi-purified diet containing 0.2% Ca, 10ppm Zn and D/sub 3/ or 1,25(OH)/sub 2/D. No significant difference in 1,25(OH)/sub 2/D values was found between D/sub 3/ and 1,25(OH)/sub 2/D fed groups in the full fed state (80.8+/-11.4 vs 81.0+/-14.3 pg/ml). These results indicate high Zn intakes antagonize normal calcification and may interfere with normal function of the vitamin D endocrine system.« less
Condomless sex in HIV-diagnosed men who have sex with men in the UK: prevalence, correlates, and implications for HIV transmission.

PubMed

Daskalopoulou, Marina; Rodger, Alison J; Phillips, Andrew N; Sherr, Lorraine; Elford, Jonathan; McDonnell, Jeffrey; Edwards, Simon; Perry, Nicky; Wilkins, Ed; Collins, Simon; Johnson, Anne M; Burman, William J; Speakman, Andrew; Lampe, Fiona C

2017-12-01

HIV transmission is ongoing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the UK. Sex without a condom (condomless sex, CLS) is the main risk factor. We investigated the prevalence of and factors associated with types of CLS. Cross-sectional questionnaire study in UK HIV clinics in 2011/2012 (ASTRA). MSM diagnosed with HIV for ≥3 months reported on anal and vaginal sex, CLS with HIV-serodifferent partners (CLS-D) and CLS with HIV-seroconcordant (CLS-C) partners in the previous 3 months. Mutually exclusive sexual behaviours were as follows: (1) Higher HIV risk CLS-D (not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) or clinic-recorded viral load(VL) >50 c/mL), (2) Other CLS-D, (3) CLS-C without CLS-D, (4) Condom-protected sex only and (5) No anal or vaginal sex. Associations were examined of sociodemographic, HIV-related, lifestyle, and other sexual measures with the five categories of sexual behaviour. We examined the prevalence of higher HIV risk CLS-D incorporating (in addition to ART and VL) time on ART, ART non-adherence, and recent sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Among 2189 HIV-diagnosed MSM (87% on ART), prevalence of any CLS in the past 3 months was 38.2% (95% CI 36.2% to 40.4%) and that of any CLS-D was 16.3% (14.8%-17.9%). The five-category classification was as follows: (1) Higher HIV risk CLS-D: 4.2% (3.5% to 5.2%), (2) Other CLS-D: 12.1% (10.8% to 13.5%), (3) CLS-C without CLS-D: 21.9% (20.2% to 23.7%), (4) Condom-protected sex only: 25.4% (23.6% to 27.3%) and (5) No anal or vaginal sex: 36.4% (34.3% to 38.4%). Compared with men who reported condom-protected sex only, MSM who reported any CLS in the past 3 months had higher prevalence of STIs, chemsex-associated drug use, group sex, higher partner numbers, and lifetime hepatitis C. Prevalence of higher HIV risk CLS-D ranged from 4.2% to 7.5% according to criteria included. CLS was prevalent among HIV-diagnosed MSM, but CLS-D with higher HIV transmission risk was overall low. CLS-D is no longer the most appropriate measure of HIV transmission risk behaviour among people with diagnosed HIV; accounting for VL is important. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.
Hyperfine structure of electronic levels and the first measurement of the nuclear magnetic moment of 63Ni

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

D'yachkov, A. B.; Firsov, V. A.; Gorkunov, A. A.; Labozin, A. V.; Mironov, S. M.; Saperstein, E. E.; Tolokonnikov, S. V.; Tsvetkov, G. O.; Panchenko, V. Y.

2017-01-01

Laser resonant photoionization spectroscopy was used to study the hyperfine structure of the optical 3d84s2 {}3F4→ 3d84s4p {}3G^o3 and 3d94s {}3D3→ 3d84s4p {}3G^o3 transitions of 63Ni and 61Ni isotopes. Experimental spectra allowed us to derive hyperfine interaction constants and determine the magnetic dipole moment of the nuclear ground state of 63Ni for the first time: μ=+0.496(5)μ_N. The value obtained agrees well with the prediction of the self-consistent theory of finite Fermi systems.
Dissociation of Multisubunit Protein-Ligand Complexes in the Gas Phase. Evidence for Ligand Migration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yixuan; Deng, Lu; Kitova, Elena N.; Klassen, John S.

2013-10-01

The results of collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments performed on gaseous protonated and deprotonated ions of complexes of cholera toxin B subunit homopentamer (CTB5) with the pentasaccharide (β-D-Gal p-(1→3)-β-D-Gal pNAc-(1→4)[α-D-Neu5Ac-(2→3)]-β-D-Gal p-(1→4)-β-D-Glc p (GM1)) and corresponding glycosphingolipid (β-D-Gal p-(1→3)-β-D-Gal pNAc-(1→4)[α-D-Neu5Ac-(2→3)]-β-D-Gal p-(1→4)-β-D-Glc p-Cer (GM1-Cer)) ligands, and the homotetramer streptavidin (S4) with biotin (B) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(biotinyl) (Btl), are reported. The protonated (CTB5 + 5GM1)n+ ions dissociated predominantly by the loss of a single subunit, with the concomitant migration of ligand to another subunit. The simultaneous loss of ligand and subunit was observed as a minor pathway. In contrast, the deprotonated (CTB5 + 5GM1)n- ions dissociated preferentially by the loss of deprotonated ligand; the loss of ligand-bound and ligand-free subunit were minor pathways. The presence of ceramide (Cer) promoted ligand migration and the loss of subunit. The main dissociation pathway for the protonated and deprotonated (S4 + 4B)n+/- ions, as well as for deprotonated (S4 + 4Btl)n- ions, was loss of the ligand. However, subunit loss from the (S4 + 4B)n+ ions was observed as a minor pathway. The (S4 + 4Btl)n+ ions dissociated predominantly by the loss of free and ligand-bound subunit. The charge state of the complex and the collision energy were found to have little effect on the relative contribution of the different dissociation channels. Thermally-driven ligand migration between subunits was captured in the results of molecular dynamics simulations performed on protonated (CTB5 + 5GM1)15+ ions (with a range of charge configurations) at 800 K. Notably, the migration pathway was found to be highly dependent on the charge configuration of the ion. The main conclusion of this study is that the dissociation pathways of multisubunit protein-ligand complexes in the gas phase depend, not only on the native topology of the complex, but also on structural changes that occur upon collisional activation.
New Constituents from Gymnocarpos decander.

PubMed

Bechlem, Houria; Mencherini, Teresa; Bouheroum, Mohamed; Benayache, Samir; Cotugno, Roberta; Braca, Alessandra; De Tommasi, Nunziatina

2017-10-01

The phytochemical investigation of Gymnocarpos decander aerial parts extract afforded two new saponins, 3- O - β -D-glucuronopyranosyl-2 β ,3 β ,16 α ,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28- O - β -D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 3)- β -D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)- α -L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)- α -L-arabinopyranosyl ester ( 1 ), 3- O - β -D-glucuronopyranosyl-2 β ,3 β ,16 α -trihydroxyolean-12-en-28- O -α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)- β -D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)- α -L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)- α -L-arabinopyranosyl ester ( 2 ), and three new flavonol glycosides, isorhamnetin 3- O -2''''- O -acetyl- β -D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-[ β -D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)]- β -D-glucopyranoside ( 3 ), isorhamnetin 3- O -2‴- O -acetyl- β -D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 6)- β -D-glucopyranoside ( 4 ), and quercetin 3- O -2‴- O -acetyl- β -D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 6)- β -D-glucopyranoside ( 5 ), together with three known compounds. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The new isolates were investigated for their potential cytotoxic activity on three cancer cell lines. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate antiproliferative activity. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.
Assessing inter-laboratory comparability and limits of determination for the analysis of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in whole Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

PubMed

McGoldrick, Daryl J; Durham, Jeremy; Leknes, Henriette; Kierkegaard, Amelie; Gerhards, Reinhard; Powell, David E; McLachlan, Michael S

2011-11-01

Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) are high volume production chemicals used in a wide range of industrial and consumer products. Three cVMS compounds (D4, D5, and D6) have and are undergoing environmental risk evaluations in several countries and have been proposed for legal regulation in Canada. As interest in monitoring concentrations of these chemicals in the environment increase, there is a need to evaluate the analytical procedures for cVMS in biological matrices in order to assess the quality of data produced. The purpose of this study was to determine laboratory testing performance for measuring residues of D4, D5, and D6 in a standard set of fish homogenate samples and to estimate limits of determination for each substance. The samples sent to each laboratory consisted of homogenized whole body tissues of hatchery raised rainbow trout which were fed food fortified with D4, D5, and D6 (dosed) and trout that were fed standard food rations (control). The participants analyzed each sample using their analytical method of choice using their own standards and procedures for quantification and quality control. With a few exceptions, participating laboratories generated comparable results for D4, D5, and D6 in both the dosed and control samples having z-scores between 2 and -2. Method detection limits for the whole fish matrix were on average 2.4 ng g(-1) ww for D4, 2.3 ng g(-1) ww for D5, and 1.8 ng g(-1) ww for D6. Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
EBM regeneration and changes in EBM component mRNA expression in stromal cells after corneal injury

PubMed Central

Santhanam, Abirami; Marino, Gustavo K.; Torricelli, Andre A. M.

2017-01-01

Purpose To investigate the production of the epithelial basement membrane (EBM) component mRNAs at time points before lamina lucida and lamina densa regeneration in anterior stromal cells after corneal injury that would heal with and without fibrosis. Methods Rabbit corneas were removed from 2 to 19 days after −4.5D or −9.0D photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with the VISX S4 IR laser. Corneas were evaluated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for full regeneration of the lamina lucida and the lamina densa. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) based quantitative real-time (RT)–PCR was used to quantitate the expression of mRNAs for laminin α-3 (LAMA3), perlecan, nidogen-1, and nidogen-2 in the anterior stroma. Results After −4.5D PRK, EBM was found to be fully regenerated at 8 to 10 days after surgery. At 4 days after PRK, the nidogen-2 and LAMA3 mRNAs levels were detected at statistically significantly lower levels in the anterior stroma of the −9.0D PRK corneas (where the EBM would not fully regenerate) compared to the −4.5D PRK corneas (where the EBM was destined to fully regenerate). At 7 days after PRK, nidogen-2 and LAMA3 mRNAs continued to be statistically significantly lower in the anterior stroma of the −9.0D PRK corneas compared to their expression in the anterior stroma of the −4.5D PRK corneas. Conclusions Key EBM components LAMA3 and nidogen-2 mRNAs are expressed at higher levels in the anterior stroma during EBM regeneration in the −4.5D PRK corneas where the EBM is destined to fully regenerate and no haze developed compared to the −9.0D PRK corneas where the EBM will not fully regenerate and myofibroblast-related stromal fibrosis (haze) will develop. PMID:28275314
Risk Factors for Vitamin D Deficiency and Impact of Repletion in a Tertiary Care Inflammatory Bowel Disease Population.

PubMed

Zullow, Samantha; Jambaulikar, Guruprasad; Rustgi, Ankur; Quezada, Sandra; Cross, Raymond K

2017-08-01

Many patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are vitamin D deficient. The purpose of our study was to identify risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in IBD and to assess the impact of vitamin D repletion on disease activity and quality of life (QOL). Patients with at least one 25-OH vitamin D level measured between 2004 and 2011 were included. Patients with a level <30 ng/ml at baseline were followed until the time of repletion. QOL and disease activity scores were measured at baseline and repletion. A total of 255 patients were identified. 33, 29, and 39% had a vitamin D level of ≥30, 20-29, and <20 ng/ml, respectively. When adjusting for disease type and duration, gender, smoking, and race, non-Caucasians had 5.3 (2.3-12.3) and UC patients had a 0.59 (0.33-1.03) odds of having a vitamin D <30 ng/ml. Women were 1.7 times more likely to have a 25-OH vitamin D level <20 ng/ml than men. 55 patients underwent repletion. In CD patients, the HBI and SIBDQ prior to repletion was 5.5 ± 4.9 and 44.3 ± 16.4, respectively; these improved to 3.6 ± 3.4 and 48.6 ± 14.2 after repletion (p = 0.0154 and p = 0.0684). In this tertiary care IBD cohort, the majority of patients have low vitamin D levels. Non-Caucasian race and female gender are associated with low vitamin D. UC was associated with lower risk of vitamin D insufficiency. In CD, vitamin D repletion is associated with decreased disease activity and increased QOL.
Biologically active cannabinoids from high-potency Cannabis sativa.

PubMed

Radwan, Mohamed M; Elsohly, Mahmoud A; Slade, Desmond; Ahmed, Safwat A; Khan, Ikhlas A; Ross, Samir A

2009-05-22

Nine new cannabinoids (1-9) were isolated from a high-potency variety of Cannabis sativa. Their structures were identified as (+/-)-4-acetoxycannabichromene (1), (+/-)-3''-hydroxy-Delta((4'',5''))-cannabichromene (2), (-)-7-hydroxycannabichromane (3), (-)-7R-cannabicoumarononic acid A (4), 5-acetyl-4-hydroxycannabigerol (5), 4-acetoxy-2-geranyl-5-hydroxy-3-n-pentylphenol (6), 8-hydroxycannabinol (7), 8-hydroxycannabinolic acid A (8), and 2-geranyl-5-hydroxy-3-n-pentyl-1,4-benzoquinone (9) through 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, and HRESIMS. The known sterol beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-6'-acetate was isolated for the first time from cannabis. Compounds 6 and 7 displayed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities, respectively, while 5 displayed strong antileishmanial activity.
Electron impact excitation rate coefficients for P-like Ni XIV

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, K.; Shanghai EBIT Lab, Institute of Modern Physics, Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433; Yan, J.

2012-07-15

We have calculated the atomic data including electron impact excitations and radiative decays among the lowest 143 fine-structure levels arising from 3s{sup 2}3p{sup 3}, 3s3p{sup 4}, 3s{sup 2}3p{sup 2}3d, 3p{sup 5}, 3s3p{sup 3}3d, and 3s{sup 2}3p3d{sup 2} configurations in P-like Ni XIV. Direct excitation collision strengths are calculated employing the relativistic distorted-wave method. Resonances are included via the isolated resonance approximation using distorted-waves. Resonance contributions from S-like [3s{sup 2}3p{sup 3}, 3s3p{sup 4}, 3s{sup 2}3p{sup 2}3d,3p{sup 5}, 3s3p{sup 3}3d,3s{sup 2}3p3d{sup 2}, 3p{sup 4}3d,3s3p{sup 2}3d{sup 2},3s{sup 2}3d{sup 3}]n{sup Prime }l{sup Prime} complex series are taken into account. Effective collision strengths are reportedmore » over an electron temperature range of 1.0 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 5}-1.0 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 8} K. -- Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Radiative and collisional atomic data are presented for the lowest 143 fine-structure levels in P-like Ni XIV. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Calculations are performed using the FAC package. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Resonances enhance significantly a large amount of transitions. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Resonances play an important role of level population and line intensity ratios.« less
Reductive elimination/oxidative addition of carbon-hydrogen bonds at Pt(IV)/Pt(II) centers: mechanistic studies of the solution thermolyses of Tp(Me2)Pt(CH3)2H.

PubMed

Jensen, Michael P; Wick, Douglas D; Reinartz, Stefan; White, Peter S; Templeton, Joseph L; Goldberg, Karen I

2003-07-16

Reductive elimination of methane occurs upon solution thermolysis of kappa(3)-Tp(Me)2Pt(IV)(CH(3))(2)H (1, Tp(Me)2 = hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate). The platinum product of this reaction is determined by the solvent. C-D bond activation occurs after methane elimination in benzene-d(6), to yield kappa(3)-Tp(Me)2Pt(IV)(CH(3))(C(6)D(5))D (2-d(6)), which undergoes a second reductive elimination/oxidative addition reaction to yield isotopically labeled methane and kappa(3)-Tp(Me)2Pt(IV)(C(6)D(5))(2)D (3-d(11)). In contrast, kappa(2)-Tp(Me)2Pt(II)(CH(3))(NCCD(3)) (4) was obtained in the presence of acetonitrile-d(3), after elimination of methane from 1. Reductive elimination of methane from these Pt(IV) complexes follows first-order kinetics, and the observed reaction rates are nearly independent of solvent. Virtually identical activation parameters (DeltaH(++)(obs) = 35.0 +/- 1.1 kcal/mol, DeltaS(++)(obs) = 13 +/- 3 eu) were measured for the reductive elimination of methane from 1 in both benzene-d(6) and toluene-d(8). A lower energy process (DeltaH(++)(scr) = 26 +/- 1 kcal/mol, DeltaS(++)(scr) = 1 +/- 4 eu) scrambles hydrogen atoms of 1 between the methyl and hydride positions, as confirmed by monitoring the equilibration of kappa(3)-Tp(Me)()2Pt(IV)(CH(3))(2)D (1-d(1)()) with its scrambled isotopomer, kappa(3)-Tp(Me)2Pt(IV)(CH(3))(CH(2)D)H (1-d(1'). The sigma-methane complex kappa(2)-Tp(Me)2Pt(II)(CH(3))(CH(4)) is proposed as a common intermediate in both the scrambling and reductive elimination processes. Kinetic results are consistent with rate-determining dissociative loss of methane from this intermediate to produce the coordinatively unsaturated intermediate [Tp(Me)2Pt(II)(CH(3))], which reacts rapidly with solvent. The difference in activation enthalpies for the H/D scrambling and C-H reductive elimination provides a lower limit for the binding enthalpy of methane to [Tp(Me)2Pt(II)(CH(3))] of 9 +/- 2 kcal/mol.
40 CFR 86.513-2004 - Fuel and engine lubricant specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ASTM D 86-97 23.9—35.0 1 2. 10% point, °C ASTM D 86-97 48.9—57.2 3. 50% point, °C ASTM D 86-97 93.3—110.0 4. 90% point, °C ASTM D 86-97 148.9—162.8 5. End point, °C ASTM D 86-97 212.8 Hydrocarbon composition: 1. Olefins, volume % ASTM D 1319-98 10 maximum 2. Aromatics, volume % ASTM D 1319-98 35 maximum 3...
Structural Modifications of Neuroprotective Anti-Parkinsonian (−)-N6-(2-(4-(Biphenyl-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-ethyl)-N6-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazole-2,6-diamine (D-264): An Effort toward the Improvement of in Vivo Efficacy of the Parent Molecule

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

In our overall goal to develop multifunctional dopamine D2/D3 agonist drugs for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD), we previously synthesized potent D3 preferring agonist D-264 (1a), which exhibited neuroprotective properties in two animal models of PD. To enhance the in vivo efficacy of 1a, a structure–activity relationship study was carried out. Competitive binding and [35S]GTPγS functional assays identified compound (−)-9b as one of the lead molecules with preferential D3 agonist activity (EC50(GTPγS); D3 = 0.10 nM; D2/D3 (EC50): 159). Compounds (−)-9b and (−)-8b exhibited high in vivo activity in two PD animal models, reserpinized and 6-hydroxydopamine (OHDA)-induced unilateral lesioned rats. On the other hand, 1a failed to show any in vivo activity in these models unless the compound was dissolved in 5–10% beta-hydroxy propyl cyclodextrin solution. Lead compounds exhibited appreciable radical scavenging activity. In vitro experiments with dopaminergic MN9D cells indicated neuroprotection by both 1a and (−)-9b from toxicity of MPP+. PMID:24471976
Toxicity of the conventional energetics TNT and RDX relative to new insensitive munitions constituents DNAN and NTO in Rana pipiens tadpoles.

PubMed

Stanley, Jacob K; Lotufo, Guilherme R; Biedenbach, James M; Chappell, Pornsawan; Gust, Kurt A

2015-04-01

An initiative within the US military is targeting the replacement of traditional munitions constituents with insensitive munitions to reduce risk of accidental detonation. The purpose of the present study was to comparatively assess toxicity of the traditional munitions constituents 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) with the new insensitive munitions constituents 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO). The following exposure durations were performed with Rana pipiens (leopard frog) tadpoles: TNT and DNAN, 96 h and 28 d; RDX, 10 d and 28 d; NTO, 28 d. The 96-h 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values and 95% confidence intervals for TNT and DNAN were 4.4 mg/L (4.2 mg/L, 4. 7 mg/L) and 24.3 mg/L (21.3 mg/L, 27.6 mg/L), respectively. No significant impacts on survival were observed in the 10-d exposure to RDX up to 25.3 mg/L. Effects on tadpole swimming distance were observed with a lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) of 5.9 mg/L RDX. In the 28-d exposures, the LOECs for survival for TNT, DNAN, and NTO were 0.003 mg/L, 2.4 mg/L, and 5.0 mg/L, respectively. No significant mortality was observed in the RDX chronic 28-d exposure up to the highest treatment level tested of 28.0 mg/L. Neither tadpole developmental stage nor growth was significantly affected in any of the 28-d exposures. Rana pipiens were very sensitive to chronic TNT exposure, with an LOEC 3 orders of magnitude lower than those for insensitive munitions constituents DNAN and NTO. © 2015 SETAC.
Infrared Measurement Variability Analysis.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

collecting optics of the measurement system. The first equation for tile blackbody experiment has the form 4.0 pim _ Ae W ,T) r(X,D) 3.5 pm - 4.0 pm JrD2 f3.5...potential for noise reduction by identifying and reducing contributing system effects. The measurement variance ott . of an infinite population of possible...irradiance can be written 4.0 pm I r()A A+ A ) 2 4.0 X C1(, = W(XT + AT)d 3.5 pim I since c + Af =2 r +Ar I Using the two expressions juSt devclopCd
On Orbit Performance of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) 5D3 Spacecraft Power System

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-30

TD O £ c c ^ co — £ °> S5 o E r^ I— E o> ^ LO o 2 O c Q. £ g * CO O =3 CO E c CX) IT) <* CD Q_ C E _Q i_...fe co oo h- O I I I CO (D CO p CO c5 "S _c co o o CO _ TD 5 *> =3 CD -K Ö) s i- CO c 2 o) o .E o CO...CD •o O 0 -4—» CO CD E Ü Q. •D o TD ^ CO O O E CD •+—. CD O CD (D >> ^ >% •4—< *§ CD -•-• O) CD _Q _£Z C CD = < •o D)
Geometric validation of self-gating k-space-sorted 4D-MRI vs 4D-CT using a respiratory motion phantom

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yue, Yong, E-mail: yong.yue@cshs.org; Yang, Wensha; McKenzie, Elizabeth

Purpose: MRI is increasingly being used for radiotherapy planning, simulation, and in-treatment-room motion monitoring. To provide more detailed temporal and spatial MR data for these tasks, we have recently developed a novel self-gated (SG) MRI technique with advantage of k-space phase sorting, high isotropic spatial resolution, and high temporal resolution. The current work describes the validation of this 4D-MRI technique using a MRI- and CT-compatible respiratory motion phantom and comparison to 4D-CT. Methods: The 4D-MRI sequence is based on a spoiled gradient echo-based 3D projection reconstruction sequence with self-gating for 4D-MRI at 3 T. Respiratory phase is resolved by usingmore » SG k-space lines as the motion surrogate. 4D-MRI images are reconstructed into ten temporal bins with spatial resolution 1.56 × 1.56 × 1.56 mm{sup 3}. A MRI-CT compatible phantom was designed to validate the performance of the 4D-MRI sequence and 4D-CT imaging. A spherical target (diameter 23 mm, volume 6.37 ml) filled with high-concentration gadolinium (Gd) gel is embedded into a plastic box (35 × 40 × 63 mm{sup 3}) and stabilized with low-concentration Gd gel. The phantom, driven by an air pump, is able to produce human-type breathing patterns between 4 and 30 respiratory cycles/min. 4D-CT of the phantom has been acquired in cine mode, and reconstructed into ten phases with slice thickness 1.25 mm. The 4D images sets were imported into a treatment planning software for target contouring. The geometrical accuracy of the 4D MRI and CT images has been quantified using target volume, flattening, and eccentricity. The target motion was measured by tracking the centroids of the spheres in each individual phase. Motion ground-truth was obtained from input signals and real-time video recordings. Results: The dynamic phantom has been operated in four respiratory rate (RR) settings, 6, 10, 15, and 20/min, and was scanned with 4D-MRI and 4D-CT. 4D-CT images have target-stretching, partial-missing, and other motion artifacts in various phases, whereas the 4D-MRI images are visually free of those artifacts. Volume percentage difference for the 6.37 ml target ranged from 5.3% ± 4.3% to 10.3% ± 5.9% for 4D-CT, and 1.47 ± 0.52 to 2.12 ± 1.60 for 4D-MRI. With an increase of respiratory rate, the target volumetric and geometric deviations increase for 4D-CT images while remaining stable for the 4D-MRI images. Target motion amplitude errors at different RRs were measured with a range of 0.66–1.25 mm for 4D-CT and 0.2–0.42 mm for 4D-MRI. The results of Mann–Whitney tests indicated that 4D-MRI significantly outperforms 4D-CT in phase-based target volumetric (p = 0.027) and geometric (p < 0.001) measures. Both modalities achieve equivalent accuracy in measuring motion amplitude (p = 0.828). Conclusions: The k-space self-gated 4D-MRI technique provides a robust method for accurately imaging phase-based target motion and geometry. Compared to 4D-CT, the current 4D-MRI technique demonstrates superior spatiotemporal resolution, and robust resistance to motion artifacts caused by fast target motion and irregular breathing patterns. The technique can be used extensively in abdominal targeting, motion gating, and toward implementing MRI-based adaptive radiotherapy.« less
Attosecond sublevel beating and nonlinear dressing on the 3d-to-5p and 3p-to-5s core-transitions at 91.3 eV and 210.4 eV in krypton.

PubMed

Seres, Enikoe; Seres, Jozsef; Namba, Shinichi; Afa, John; Serrat, Carles

2017-12-11

Applying extreme ultraviolet (XUV) transient absorption spectroscopy, the dynamics of the two laser dressed transitions 3d 5/2 -to-5p 3/2 and 3p 3/2 -to-5s 1/2 at photon energies of 91.3 eV and 210.4 eV were examined with attosecond temporal resolution. The dressing process was modeled with density matrix equations which are found to describe very accurately both the experimentally observed transmission dynamics and the linear and nonlinear dressing oscillations at 0.75 PHz and 1.5 PHz frequencies. Furthermore, using Fourier transform XUV spectroscopy, quantum beats from the 3d 5/2 -3d 3/2 and 3p 3/2 -3p 1/2 sublevels at 0.3 PHz and 2.0 PHz were experimentally identified and resolved.
4D CT-based Treatment Planning for Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy and Proton Therapy for Distal Esophagus Cancer

PubMed Central

Zhang, Xiaodong; Zhao, Kuai-Le; Guerrero, Thomas M.; McGuire, Sean E.; Yaremko, Brian; Komaki, Ritsuko; Cox, James D.; Hui, Zhouguang; Li, Yupeng; Newhauser, Wayne D.; Mohan, Radhe; Liao, Zhongxing

2008-01-01

Purpose To compare three-dimensional (3D) and 4D computed tomography (CT)– based treatment plans for proton therapy or intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for esophageal cancer in terms of doses to the lung, heart, and spinal cord and variations in target coverage and normal tissue sparing. Materials and Methods IMRT and proton plans for 15 patients with distal esophageal cancer were designed from the 3D average CT scans and then recalculated on 10 4D CT data sets. Dosimetric data were compared for tumor coverage and normal tissue sparing. Results Compared with IMRT, median lung volumes exposed to 5,10, and 20 Gy and mean lung dose were reduced by 35.6%, 20.5%,5.8%, and 5.1 Gy for a two-beam proton plan and by 17.4%,8.4%,5%, and 2.9 Gy for a three-beam proton plan. The greater lung sparing in the two-beam proton plan was achieved at the expense of less conformity to the target (conformity index CI=1.99) and greater irradiation of the heart (heart-V40=41.8%) compared with the IMRT plan(CI=1.55, heart-V40=35.7%) or the three-beam proton plan (CI=1.46, heart-V40=27.7%). Target coverage differed by more than 2% between the 3D and 4D plans for patients with substantial diaphragm motion in the three-beam proton and IMRT plans. The difference in spinal cord maximum dose between 3D and 4D plans could exceed 5 Gy for the proton plans partly owing to variations in stomach gas-filling. Conclusions Proton therapy provided significantly better sparing of lung than did IMRT. Diaphragm motion and stomach gas-filling must be considered in evaluating target coverage and cord doses. PMID:18722278
Attention and Visual Motor Integration in Young Children with Uncorrected Hyperopia.

PubMed

Kulp, Marjean Taylor; Ciner, Elise; Maguire, Maureen; Pistilli, Maxwell; Candy, T Rowan; Ying, Gui-Shuang; Quinn, Graham; Cyert, Lynn; Moore, Bruce

2017-10-01

Among 4- and 5-year-old children, deficits in measures of attention, visual-motor integration (VMI) and visual perception (VP) are associated with moderate, uncorrected hyperopia (3 to 6 diopters [D]) accompanied by reduced near visual function (near visual acuity worse than 20/40 or stereoacuity worse than 240 seconds of arc). To compare attention, visual motor, and visual perceptual skills in uncorrected hyperopes and emmetropes attending preschool or kindergarten and evaluate their associations with visual function. Participants were 4 and 5 years of age with either hyperopia (≥3 to ≤6 D, astigmatism ≤1.5 D, anisometropia ≤1 D) or emmetropia (hyperopia ≤1 D; astigmatism, anisometropia, and myopia each <1 D), without amblyopia or strabismus. Examiners masked to refractive status administered tests of attention (sustained, receptive, and expressive), VMI, and VP. Binocular visual acuity, stereoacuity, and accommodative accuracy were also assessed at near. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and parent's/caregiver's education. Two hundred forty-four hyperopes (mean, +3.8 ± [SD] 0.8 D) and 248 emmetropes (+0.5 ± 0.5 D) completed testing. Mean sustained attention score was worse in hyperopes compared with emmetropes (mean difference, -4.1; P < .001 for 3 to 6 D). Mean Receptive Attention score was worse in 4 to 6 D hyperopes compared with emmetropes (by -2.6, P = .01). Hyperopes with reduced near visual acuity (20/40 or worse) had worse scores than emmetropes (-6.4, P < .001 for sustained attention; -3.0, P = .004 for Receptive Attention; -0.7, P = .006 for VMI; -1.3, P = .008 for VP). Hyperopes with stereoacuity of 240 seconds of arc or worse scored significantly worse than emmetropes (-6.7, P < .001 for sustained attention; -3.4, P = .03 for Expressive Attention; -2.2, P = .03 for Receptive Attention; -0.7, P = .01 for VMI; -1.7, P < .001 for VP). Overall, hyperopes with better near visual function generally performed similarly to emmetropes. Moderately hyperopic children were found to have deficits in measures of attention. Hyperopic children with reduced near visual function also had lower scores on VMI and VP than emmetropic children.

Syntheses, crystal structures, and properties of four coordination polymers based on mixed multi-N donor and polycarboxylate ligands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Shui-Sheng; Guo, Xing-Zhe; Zhao, Yue; Li, Wei-Dong

2018-02-01

Four new coordination polymers [Ni2(HL1)2(L1)3(BTC)2]·6H2O (1), [Ni2(L1)3(HBTC)2]·4H2O (2), [Cd2(L2)(BTC)(H2O)3]·2H2O (3) and [Cd2(HL2)(BTCA)] (4) were synthesized by reactions of nickel(II)/ cadmium(II) salts with rigid ligands of 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-4-yl)benzene (L1), 1,3-di(1-imidazolyl)-5-(4H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzene (HL2) and polycarboxylic acids of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC), 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (H4BTCA), respectively. The structures of the complexes were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The complex 1 is one-dimensional (1D) chain while 2 is a (4, 4)-connected two-dimensional (2D) layered structure with 2D → 2D parallel interpenetration. Complex 3 is a rare tetranodal (3,4)-connected three-dimensional (3D) CrVTiSc architecture with Point (Schläfli) symbol of (4·82)(4·84·10)(42·82·102)(83), and compound 4 has the 2D network with (4,4) topology based on the [Cd2(COO)4] SBUs. The weak interactions such as hydrogen bonds and π···π stacking contribute to stabilize crystal structure and extend the low-dimensional entities into high-dimensional frameworks. The UV-vis absorption spectra of 1 - 4 are discussed. Moreover, the photo luminescent properties of 3 and 4 and gas sorption property of 2 have been investigated.
A hybrid reconstruction algorithm for fast and accurate 4D cone-beam CT imaging.

PubMed

Yan, Hao; Zhen, Xin; Folkerts, Michael; Li, Yongbao; Pan, Tinsu; Cervino, Laura; Jiang, Steve B; Jia, Xun

2014-07-01

4D cone beam CT (4D-CBCT) has been utilized in radiation therapy to provide 4D image guidance in lung and upper abdomen area. However, clinical application of 4D-CBCT is currently limited due to the long scan time and low image quality. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new 4D-CBCT reconstruction method that restores volumetric images based on the 1-min scan data acquired with a standard 3D-CBCT protocol. The model optimizes a deformation vector field that deforms a patient-specific planning CT (p-CT), so that the calculated 4D-CBCT projections match measurements. A forward-backward splitting (FBS) method is invented to solve the optimization problem. It splits the original problem into two well-studied subproblems, i.e., image reconstruction and deformable image registration. By iteratively solving the two subproblems, FBS gradually yields correct deformation information, while maintaining high image quality. The whole workflow is implemented on a graphic-processing-unit to improve efficiency. Comprehensive evaluations have been conducted on a moving phantom and three real patient cases regarding the accuracy and quality of the reconstructed images, as well as the algorithm robustness and efficiency. The proposed algorithm reconstructs 4D-CBCT images from highly under-sampled projection data acquired with 1-min scans. Regarding the anatomical structure location accuracy, 0.204 mm average differences and 0.484 mm maximum difference are found for the phantom case, and the maximum differences of 0.3-0.5 mm for patients 1-3 are observed. As for the image quality, intensity errors below 5 and 20 HU compared to the planning CT are achieved for the phantom and the patient cases, respectively. Signal-noise-ratio values are improved by 12.74 and 5.12 times compared to results from FDK algorithm using the 1-min data and 4-min data, respectively. The computation time of the algorithm on a NVIDIA GTX590 card is 1-1.5 min per phase. High-quality 4D-CBCT imaging based on the clinically standard 1-min 3D CBCT scanning protocol is feasible via the proposed hybrid reconstruction algorithm.
Five new cyotoxic steroidal glycosides from the fruits of Solanum torvum.

PubMed

Li, Jinsheng; Zhang, Lu; Huang, Cheng; Guo, Fujiang; Li, Yiming

2014-03-01

The fruits of Solanum torvum Swartz, commonly known as Turkey berry, are edible and commonly used as a vegetable in the South Indian population's diet and as an essential ingredient in Thai cuisine. Five new steroidal glycosides together with five known ones were isolated from the fruits of S. torvum Swartz. Based on chemical and spectral evidence, the five new compounds were identified to be 25(S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5α-furost-22(20)-en-3β,6α,26-triol-6-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-β-D-quinovopyranoside] (1), 25(S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5α-furost-22(20)-en-3-one-6α,26-diol-6-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-β-D-quinovopyranoside] (2), 25(S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5α-furost-22(20)-en-3β,6α,26-triol-6-O-β-D-quinovopyranoside (3), 5α-pregn-16-en-20-one-3β,6α-diol-6-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-quinovopyranoside] (4), and 5α-pregn-16-en-3,20-dione-6α-ol-6-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-quinovopyranoside] (5). These new compounds were assayed for cytotoxicities in vitro, and 1 to 4 showed cyotoxic activity against the human melanoma cell line A375, with IC50 values of 30 μM to 260 μM. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Modular Towed Acoustic Sonar Array

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-02-04

Dkt . No...d 11 5 11 0c 11 0d 11 5 14 0 16 0’ 1 60 ’’ 12 0 14 0 12 0 14 0 13 0 14 0 12 0 13 0 12 0 12 0 13 0 14 0 16 0 10 0 d 2 d 3 Dkt . No. 102060 Application...of Non-Acoustic Sensors in Second Sensor Array Dkt . No. 102060 Application No. ?? REPLACEMENT SHEET? /3 1st DRAFT 3 F IG . 3 11 5 16 4 16 8 16 2 16 6 11 5 1 50 11 0b 18 0 17 0 16 6a 16 4a 18 0 10 0 11 0a 15 0
Differential deletions in 3p are associated with the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Indian patients.

PubMed

Chakraborty, Suman Bhusan; Dasgupta, Santanu; Roy, Anup; Sengupta, Arunava; Ray, Bidyut; Roychoudhury, Susanta; Panda, Chinmay Kumar

2003-10-15

In this study we performed detailed deletion mapping of two broad regions in the short arm (p) of chromosome 3 (i.e., 3p21.2 approximately p22 and 3p12 approximately p13), which were shown to have a high rate of deletions in head and neck lesions in our previous study. Using 18 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers, the deletion mapping was done in 35 dysplastic lesions and 46 primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) samples from Indian patients. Within the 21.6-megabase (Mb) region of 3p21.1 approximately p21.33, we have identified four areas (D1, 3p21.33; D2, 3p21.32; D3, 3p21.31; D4, 3p21.1) that showed a high frequency (46%-69%) of deletions in our samples. In the 3p12 approximately p13 region, we narrowed down the deletion within the 0.7-Mb region (D5, 3p12.1). Among these five regions (D1-D5), deletion in D3 is suggested to be necessary for the development of early dysplastic lesions, whereas the deletion in D2 may be necessary for dysplastic lesions and tumor progression. On the other hand, the deletion in D5 is significantly associated with progression of the lesions from mild/moderate to severe dysplasia. The deletions in D1 and D4, however, are required for tumor progression. As in our previous study, microsatellite size alterations (MA) were observed to be high in and around the highly deleted regions and gradually increased during the progression of the tumor. Loss of normal copy/interstitial alterations of chromosome 3 in the late stages of the tumor as well as rare biallelic alterations around the highly deleted regions also were seen in our samples. Human papilloma virus infection has been found to be associated with the deletion in the D5 region and MA in the D1 region, whereas nodal involvement of the tumor correlated only with the MA in D1 and D5. Thus, this study indicates that multiple tumor suppressor genes whose differential deletions are associated with the development of HNSCC may be present in 3p.
Structural modulation and luminescent properties of four CdII coordination architectures based on 3-(pyridin-4-yl)-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole and flexible/rigid dicarboxylate ligands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xia, Liang; Dong, Wen-Wen; Ye, Xiao; Zhao, Jun; Li, Dong-Sheng

2016-10-01

To systematically investigate the influence of the flexible or rigid auxiliary ligands on the structures and properties of transition metal compounds, we synthesized four new d10 coordination polymers (CPs) from 3-(pyridin-4-yl)-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (4-Hpzpt) and flexible/rigid dicarboxylate ligands, [Cd(4-pzpt)2]n (1), [Cd3(4-pzpt)2(suc)2]n (2), [Cd2(4-Hpzpt)(nbc)2(H2O)]n (3) and {[Cd2(4-pzpt)2(tfbdc)(H2O)4]·H2O}n (4) (H2suc=1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid, H2nbc=hthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, H2tfbdc =2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalic acid). Single crystal X-ray analysis indicates that compound 1 shows a 44-sql layer, which is extended to a 3D network via nonclassical C-H…N hydrogen bonds. Compound 2 possesses a 6-connected pcu-4120.63 net composed of trinuclear CdII-clusters. Compound 3 represents a rare 3D (3,4,4,5)-connected topology with a Schläfli symbol of (4·6·7)(4·53·72)(53·6·7·9)(42·55·6·72). Compound 4 exhibits a 2D+2D→2D parallel interpenetrated 63-hcb network. The adjacent 2D networks are interdigitated with each other to form the resulting 3D supramolecular architecture through classical O-H…N and O-H…O hydrogen bonds. Structural diversities indicate that the nature of flexible/rigid-dicarboxlates plays crucial roles in modulating structures of these compounds. Moreover, the luminescent properties of them have been briefly investigated.
Syntheses, structures, and 1H, 13C{ 1H} and 119Sn{ 1H} NMR chemical shifts of a family of trimethyltin alkoxide, amide, halide and cyclopentadienyl compounds

DOE PAGES

Lichtscheidl, Alejandro G.; Janicke, Michael T.; Scott, Brian L.; ...

2015-08-21

The synthesis and full characterization, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) data ( 1H, 13C{ 1H} and 119Sn{ 1H}), for a series of Me 3SnX (X = O-2,6-tBu 2C 6H 3 (1), (Me 3Sn)N(2,6- iPr 2C 6H 3) (3), NH-2,4,6- tBu 3C 6H 2 (4), N(SiMe 3) 2 (5), NEt 2, C 5Me 5 (6), Cl, Br, I, and SnMe 3) compounds in benzene-d 6, toluene-d 8, dichloromethane-d 2, chloroform-d 1, acetonitrile-d 3, and tetrahydrofuran-d 8 are reported. The X-ray crystal structures of Me 3Sn(O-2,6- tBu 2C 6H 3) (1), Me 3Sn(O-2,6- iPr 2C 6H 3) (2), and (Me 3Sn)(NH-2,4,6- tBumore » 3C 6H 2) (4) are also presented. As a result, these compiled data complement existing literature data and ease the characterization of these compounds by routine NMR experiments.« less
Vitamin D3 and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Content of Retail White Fish and Eggs in Australia

PubMed Central

Dunlop, Eleanor; Cunningham, Judy; Sherriff, Jill L.; Lucas, Robyn M.; Greenfield, Heather; Arcot, Jayashree; Strobel, Norbert; Black, Lucinda J.

2017-01-01

Dietary vitamin D may compensate for inadequate sun exposure; however, there have been few investigations into the vitamin D content of Australian foods. We measured vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) in four species of white fish (barramundi, basa, hoki and king dory), and chicken eggs (cage and free-range), purchased from five Australian cities. Samples included local, imported and wild-caught fish, and eggs of varying size from producers with a range of hen stocking densities. Raw and cooked samples were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array. Limits of reporting were 0.2 and 0.1 μg/100 g for vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3, respectively. The vitamin D3 content of cooked white fish ranged from <0.1 to 2.3 μg/100 g, and the 25(OH)D3 content ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 μg/100 g. The vitamin D3 content of cooked cage eggs ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 μg/100 g, and the 25(OH)D3 content ranged from 0.4 to 1.2 μg/100 g. The vitamin D3 content of cooked free-range eggs ranged from 0.3 to 2.2 μg/100 g, and the 25(OH)D3 content ranged from 0.5 to 0.8 μg/100 g. If, as has been suggested, 25(OH)D3 has five times greater bioactivity than vitamin D3, one cooked serve (100 g) of white fish, and one cooked serve of cage or free-range eggs (120 g) may provide 50% or 100%, respectively, of the current guidelines for the adequate intake of vitamin D (5 µg) for Australians aged 1–50 years. PMID:28640196
Effect of the 3-halo substitution of the 2'-deoxy aminopyridinyl-pseudocytidine derivatives on the selectivity and stability of antiparallel triplex DNA with a CG inversion site.

PubMed

Wang, Lei; Taniguchi, Yosuke; Okamura, Hidenori; Sasaki, Shigeki

2017-07-15

Triplex formation against a target duplex DNA has the potential to become a tool for the genome research. However, there is an intrinsic restriction on the duplex DNA sequences capable of forming the triplex DNA. Recently, we demonstrated the selective formation of the stable antiparallel triplexes containing the CG inversion sites using the 2'-deoxy-1-methylpseudocytidine derivative (ΨdC), whose amino group was conjugated with the 2-aminopyridine at its 5-position as an additional hydrogen bonding unit (AP-ΨdC). The 1-N of 2-aminopyridine was supposed to be protonated to form the hydrogen bond with the guanine of the CG inversion site. In this study, to test the effect of the 3-substitution of the 2-aminopyridine unit of AP-ΨdC on the triplex stability, we synthesized the 3-halogenated 2-aminopyridine derivatives of AP-ΨdC. The pKa values 1-N of the 2-aminopyridine unit of AP-ΨdC as the monomer nucleoside were determined to be 6.3 for 3-CH 3 ( Me AP-ΨdC), 6.1 for 3-H (AP-ΨdC), 4.3 for 3-Cl ( Cl AP-ΨdC), 4.4 for 3-Br ( Br AP-ΨdC), and 4.7 for 3-I ( I AP-ΨdC), suggesting that all the halogenated AP-ΨdCs are not protonated under neutral conditions. Interestingly, although the recognition selectivity depends on the sequence context, the TFO having the sequence of the 3'-G-( I AP-ΨdC)-A-5' context showed the selective triplex formation with the CG inversion site. These results suggest that the protonation at the 1-N position plays an important role in the stable and selective triplex formation of AP-ΨdC derivatives in any sequences. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Validation and pharmacological characterisation of MK-801-induced locomotor hyperactivity in BALB/C mice as an assay for detection of novel antipsychotics.

PubMed

Bradford, Andrea M; Savage, Kevin M; Jones, Declan N C; Kalinichev, Mikhail

2010-10-01

We evaluated locomotor hyperactivity induced in BALB/C mice by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 as an assay for the detection of antipsychotic drugs. We assessed the effects of antipsychotic drugs to validate the assay (study 1), selective dopamine and serotonin ligands for pharmacological characterisation of the model (study 2) and a number of compounds with efficacy in models of schizophrenia to understand the predictive validity of the model (study 3). Adult males (n = 9/group) were pretreated with a test compound, habituated to locomotor activity cages before receiving MK-801 (0.32 mg/kg) and activity recorded for a further 75 or 120 min. In study 1, we tested haloperidol, clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, ziprasidone, aripiprazole, sertindole and quetiapine. In study 2, we tested SCH23390 (D(1) antagonist), sulpiride (D(2)/D(3) antagonist), raclopride (D(2)/D(3) antagonist), SB-277011 (D(3) antagonist), L-745,870 (D(4) antagonist), WAY100635 (5-HT(1A) antagonist), 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT(1A) agonist), ketanserin (5-HT(2A)/5-HT(2C) antagonist) and SB-242084 (5-HT(2C) antagonist). In study 3, we tested xanomeline (M(1)/M(4) receptor agonist), LY379268 (mGluR2/3 receptor agonist), diazepam (GABA(A) modulator) and thioperamide (H(3) receptor antagonist). All antipsychotics suppressed MK-801-induced hyperactivity in a dose-dependent and specific manner. The effects of antipsychotics appear to be mediated via dopamine D(1), D(2) and 5-HT(2) receptors. Xanomeline, LY379268 and diazepam were active in this assay while thioperamide was not. MK-801-induced hyperactivity in BALB/C mice model of positive symptoms has shown predictive validity with novel compounds acing at M(1)/M(4), mGluR2/3 and GABA(A) receptors and can be used as a screening assay for detection of novel pharmacotherapies targeting those receptors.
Atomic Energy Levels. As Derived From the Analyses of Optical Spectra. Volume 3

DTIC Science & Technology

1958-05-01

26756.70 0 1.24 1 27362. 55 1.06 10 1 .98626.50 1.443 S S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3® Mt --Coaniued Mo 1-Cmedaned Conf. De @al J Level Intera Oba. C;044 Del6 . J... De , 1 Level Inteval Ob, I Conig. Desig. J Level Interval Ob..g W 2 15. P7 L 146 83° 4 5M. 5 0 1.17 46’ S 51808.89 88 84’ 5 55957.80 1. 14 4w 6 51853...41772 --176.14 1.86 1 85&07 -14&.00 1.4041M4 728 10&3& 32 854 $2408. 07 165 4d0( GD)5 a 4D 31 10516. 34 1.44 4d$(a D)5p s ’ De 34 38560. 87 465. 33 L
Exploiting the Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Dual Role of Nitrile Imines: One-Pot, Three-Component Synthesis of Furo[2,3-d]pyridazin-4(5H)-ones.

PubMed

Giustiniano, Mariateresa; Mercalli, Valentina; Amato, Jussara; Novellino, Ettore; Tron, Gian Cesare

2015-08-21

An expeditious multicomponent reaction to synthesize tetrasubstituted furo[2,3-d]pyridazin-4(5H)-ones is reported. In brief, hydrazonoyl chlorides react with isocyanoacetamides, in the presence of TEA, to give 1,3-oxazol-2-hydrazones which, without being isolated, can react with dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate to afford furo[2,3-d]pyridazin-4(5H)-ones with an unprecedented level of complexity in a triple domino Diels-Alder/retro-Diels-Alder/lactamization reaction sequence.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Amariti, Antonio; Toldo, Chiara

We consider 4d N = 1 SCFTs, topologically twisted on compact constant curvature Riemann surfaces, giving rise to 2d N = (0; 2) SCFTs. The exact R-current of these 2d SCFT extremizes the central charge c 2d, similarly to the 4d picture, where the exact R-current maximizes the central charge a 4d. There are global currents that do not mix with the R-current in 4d but their mixing becomes non trivial in 2d. In this paper we study the holographic dual of this process by analyzing a 5d N = 2 truncation of T 1,1 with one Betti vector multiplet,more » dual to the baryonic current on the CFT side. The holographic realization of the flow across dimensions connects AdS 5 to AdS 3 vacua in the supergravity picture. We verify the existence of the flow to AdS 3 solutions and we retrieve the field theory results for the mixing of the Betti vector with the graviphoton. Moreover, we extract the central charge from the Brown-Henneaux formula, matching with the results obtained in field theory. We develop a general formalism to obtain the central charge of a 2d SCFT from 5d N = 2 gauged supergravity with a generic number of vector multiplets, showing that its extremization corresponds to an attractor mechanism for the scalars in the supergravity picture.« less
Betti multiplets, flows across dimensions and c-extremization

DOE PAGES

Amariti, Antonio; Toldo, Chiara

2017-07-10

We consider 4d N = 1 SCFTs, topologically twisted on compact constant curvature Riemann surfaces, giving rise to 2d N = (0; 2) SCFTs. The exact R-current of these 2d SCFT extremizes the central charge c 2d, similarly to the 4d picture, where the exact R-current maximizes the central charge a 4d. There are global currents that do not mix with the R-current in 4d but their mixing becomes non trivial in 2d. In this paper we study the holographic dual of this process by analyzing a 5d N = 2 truncation of T 1,1 with one Betti vector multiplet,more » dual to the baryonic current on the CFT side. The holographic realization of the flow across dimensions connects AdS 5 to AdS 3 vacua in the supergravity picture. We verify the existence of the flow to AdS 3 solutions and we retrieve the field theory results for the mixing of the Betti vector with the graviphoton. Moreover, we extract the central charge from the Brown-Henneaux formula, matching with the results obtained in field theory. We develop a general formalism to obtain the central charge of a 2d SCFT from 5d N = 2 gauged supergravity with a generic number of vector multiplets, showing that its extremization corresponds to an attractor mechanism for the scalars in the supergravity picture.« less
Betti multiplets, flows across dimensions and c-extremization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amariti, Antonio; Toldo, Chiara

2017-07-01

We consider 4d N = 1 SCFTs, topologically twisted on compact constant curvature Riemann surfaces, giving rise to 2d N = (0, 2) SCFTs. The exact R-current of these 2d SCFT extremizes the central charge c 2 d , similarly to the 4d picture, where the exact R-current maximizes the central charge a 4 d . There are global currents that do not mix with the R-current in 4d but their mixing becomes non trivial in 2d. In this paper we study the holographic dual of this process by analyzing a 5d N = 2 truncation of T 1,1 with one Betti vector multiplet, dual to the baryonic current on the CFT side. The holographic realization of the flow across dimensions connects AdS5 to AdS3 vacua in the supergravity picture. We verify the existence of the flow to AdS3 solutions and we retrieve the field theory results for the mixing of the Betti vector with the graviphoton. Moreover, we extract the central charge from the Brown-Henneaux formula, matching with the results obtained in field theory. We develop a general formalism to obtain the central charge of a 2d SCFT from 5d N = 2 gauged supergravity with a generic number of vector multiplets, showing that its extremization corresponds to an attractor mechanism for the scalars in the supergravity picture.
68 Ga-PSMA-PET/CT for the evaluation of pulmonary metastases and opacities in patients with prostate cancer.

PubMed

Damjanovic, Jonathan; Janssen, Jan-Carlo; Furth, Christian; Diederichs, Gerd; Walter, Thula; Amthauer, Holger; Makowski, Marcus R

2018-05-16

The purpose of this study was to investigate the imaging properties of pulmonary metastases and benign opacities in 68 Ga-PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with prostate cancer (PC). 68 Ga-PSMA-PET/CT scans of 739 PC patients available in our database were evaluated retrospectively for lung metastases and non-solid focal pulmonary opacities. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUV max ) were assessed by two- and three-dimensional regions of interest (2D/3D ROI). Additionally CT features of the lesions, such as location, morphology and size were identified. Ninety-one pulmonary metastases and fourteen opacities were identified in 34 PC patients. In total, 66 PSMA-positive (72.5%) and 25 PSMA-negative (27.5%) metastases were identified. The mean SUV max of pulmonary opacities was 2.2±0.7 in 2D ROI and 2.4±0.8 in 3D ROI. The mean SUV max of PSMA-positive pulmonary metastases was 4.5±2.7 in 2D ROI and in 4.7±2.9 in 3D ROI; this was significantly higher than the SUV max of pulmonary opacities in both 2D and 3D ROI (p<0.001). The mean SUV max of PSMA-negative metastases was 1.0±0.5 in 2D ROI and 1.0±0.4 in 3D ROI, and significantly lower than that of the pulmonary opacities (p<0.001). A significant (p<0.05) weak linear correlation between size and 3D SUV max in lung metastases (ρ Spearman =0.207) was found. Based on the SUV max in 68 Ga-PSMA-PET alone, it was not possible to differentiate between pulmonary metastases and pulmonary opacities. The majority of lung metastases highly overexpressed PSMA, while a relevant number of metastases were PSMA-negative. Pulmonary opacities demonstrated a moderate tracer uptake, significantly lower than PSMA-positive lung metastases, yet significantly higher than PSMA-negative metastases.
Anisotropic evolution of 5D Friedmann-Robertson-Walker spacetime

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Middleton, Chad A.; Stanley, Ethan

2011-10-15

We examine the time evolution of the five-dimensional Einstein field equations subjected to a flat, anisotropic Robertson-Walker metric, where the 3D and higher-dimensional scale factors are allowed to dynamically evolve at different rates. By adopting equations of state relating the 3D and higher-dimensional pressures to the density, we obtain an exact expression relating the higher-dimensional scale factor to a function of the 3D scale factor. This relation allows us to write the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker field equations exclusively in terms of the 3D scale factor, thus yielding a set of 4D effective Friedmann-Robertson-Walker field equations. We examine the effective field equations inmore » the general case and obtain an exact expression relating a function of the 3D scale factor to the time. This expression involves a hypergeometric function and cannot, in general, be inverted to yield an analytical expression for the 3D scale factor as a function of time. When the hypergeometric function is expanded for small and large arguments, we obtain a generalized treatment of the dynamical compactification scenario of Mohammedi [Phys. Rev. D 65, 104018 (2002)] and the 5D vacuum solution of Chodos and Detweiler [Phys. Rev. D 21, 2167 (1980)], respectively. By expanding the hypergeometric function near a branch point, we obtain the perturbative solution for the 3D scale factor in the small time regime. This solution exhibits accelerated expansion, which, remarkably, is independent of the value of the 4D equation of state parameter w. This early-time epoch of accelerated expansion arises naturally out of the anisotropic evolution of 5D spacetime when the pressure in the extra dimension is negative and offers a possible alternative to scalar field inflationary theory.« less
Anhydrous versus hydrated N4-substituted 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6-diamines: hydrogen bonding in two and three dimensions.

PubMed

Trilleras, Jorge; Quiroga, Jairo; Cobo, Justo; Marchal, Antonio; Nogueras, Manuel; Low, John N; Glidewell, Christopher

2008-10-01

Ten new N(4)-substituted 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6-diamines have been synthesized and the structures of nine of them are reported here, falling into two clear groups, those which are stoichiometric hydrates and those which crystallize in solvent-free forms. In each of N(4)-methyl-N(4)-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6-diamine, C(12)H(12)N(6) (I), N(4)-cyclohexyl-N(4)-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6-diamine, C(12)H(18)N(6) (II), and N(4)-(3-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6-diamine, C(11)H(9)ClN(6) (III), the molecules are linked into hydrogen-bonded sheets. The molecules of 2-{4-(6-amino-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl}ethanol, C(11)H(17)N(7)O (IV), are linked into a three-dimensional framework, while the structure of N(4)-methyl-N(4)-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6-diamine monohydrate, C(13)H(14)N(6) x H(2)O (V), is only two-dimensional despite the presence of five independent hydrogen bonds. The stoichiometric hemihydrates N(4)-ethyl-N(4)-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6-diamine hemihydrate, C(13)H(14)N(6) x 0.5 H(2)O (VI) and N(4)-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N(4)-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6-diamine hemihydrate, C(13)H(14)N(6)O x 0.5 H(2)O (VII), exhibit remarkably similar sheet structures, despite different space groups and Z' values, Z' = 0.5 in C2/c for (VI) and Z' = 1 in P1 for (VII). N(4)-4-Benzyl-N(4)-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6-diamine monohydrate, C(18)H(16)N(6) x H(2)O (VIII), crystallizes with Z' = 2 in P2(1)/n, and the four independent molecular components are linked into sheets by a total of 11 intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The sheet structure in {4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6-amine} ethanol hemisolvate hemihydrate, C(9)H(12)N(6).0.5C(2)H(6)O x 0.5 H(2)O (IX), is built from the pyrimidine and water components only; it contains eight independent hydrogen bonds, and it very closely mimics the sheets in (VI) and (VII); the ethanol molecules are pendent from these sheets. The N(4)-alkyl-N(4)-aryl-4-aminopyrazolopyrimidine molecules in (I), (V)-(VIII) all adopt very similar conformations, dominated in each case by an intramolecular C-H...pi(arene) hydrogen bond: this interaction is absent from (III) where the molecular conformation is entirely different and probably dominated by the intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
Differential effects of vitamin D2 and D3 supplements on 25-hydroxyvitamin D level are dose, sex, and time dependent: a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Hammami, Muhammad M; Yusuf, Ahmed

2017-02-24

Vitamin D (D) supplements are indispensable for its world-wide deficiency. Controversy continues on ergocalciferol (D2) and cholecalciferol (D3) relative potency as well as on dosing-schedule and sex role in raising 25-hydroxy D (25(OH)D) level, the best indicator of D status. We randomized 279 adults to daily D2, D3, D2/D3, or placebo; 2-weekly D2 or D3; or 4-weekly D2 or D3 (250,000 IU over/140 days). Randomization sequence, stratified by body-mass-index (BMI) and sex, was concealed from study coordinators and participants who were then blinded to capsules' content. D2, D3, 25(OH)D2, and 25(OH)D3 Serum levels were determined blindly on days 0,1,2,3,4,7,14, and 2-weekly thereafter by high performance liquid chromatography assay. The results of 269 participants were available for analysis. Primary endpoint was area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 25(OH)D (25(OH)D2 + 25(OH)D3) adjusted for sex, BMI, and baseline 25(OH)D level. Mean(SD) age was 33.0(8.5) year, 41% were males, and 85% completed follow-up. Baseline 25(OH)D level was 39.8(11.9) and increased by 3.3(11.6) and 28.6(16.3) nmol/L, in the placebo and active-treatment groups, respectively. AUC from day 0 to 140 (AUC 140 ) of 25(OH)D was 40% (D3 daily) to 55% (D3 2-weekly) higher with active-treatment than placebo (p < 0.001). 25(OH)D2 AUC 140 was higher in daily than 2-weekly (17%, p = 0.006) and 4-weekly (20%, p = 0.001) D2-treated groups. 25(OH)D3 AUC 140 was lower in daily than 2-weekly (11%, p = 0.002) and 4-weekly D3-treated groups (10%, p = 0.008). In D2-treated groups, there was 16.4 nmol/L decrease in 25(OH)D3 level that correlated (p < 0.001) with 25(OH)D2 level increase (r = 0.48) and baseline 25(OH)D level (r = 0.58), in one participant with measurable baseline 25(OH)D2 level, D3 caused a similar decrease in 25(OH)D2 level, while in the D2/D3-treated group, 25(OH)D3 level didn't increase. Incremental AUC from day 0 to 7 (AUC 7 ) of D3 and 25(OH)D3 in D3-treated groups were 118-243% higher and 31-39% lower, respectively, than incremental AUC 7 of D2 and 25(OH)D2 in D2-treated groups. Incremental AUC 7 of D3 and 25(OH)D3 in D3-treated groups and D2 and 25(OH)D2 in D2-treated groups were higher in females than males (55, 13, 64, and 28%, respectively). Baseline 25(OH)D level predicted response to D2 and D3 (p < 0.001), whereas, BMI was significant predictor only for early response to D2. Effects of D2 and D3 supplements on 25 (OH)D level may be dosing-schedule and sex-dependent. D2-associated reduction in 25(OH)D3 level may be related to total 25(OH)D level rather than being D2-specific. D2 may be 25-hydroxylated faster than D3. ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT01170494 (registered July 25, 2010).
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chenna, A.; Singer, B.

Benzene is a carcinogen in rodents and a cause of bone marrow toxicity and leukemia in humans. p-Benzoquinone (p-BQ) is one of the stable metabolites of benzene, as well as of a number of drugs and other chemicals. 2{prime}-Deoxycytidine (dC) and 2{prime}-deoxyadenosine (dA) were allowed to react with p-BQ in aqueous solution at pH 7.4 and 4.5. The yields were considerably higher at pH 4.5 than at pH 7.4 and 4.5. The yields were considerably higher at pH 4.5 than at pH 7.4, as indicated by HPLC analysis. The desired products were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel ormore » cellulose. Identification was done by FAB-MS, {sup 1}H NMR, and UV spectroscopy. The reaction of p-BQ with dC and dA at pH 4.5 produced the exocyclic compounds 3-hydroxy-1,N{sup 4}-benzetheno-2{prime}-deoxycytidine (p-BA-dC), and 9-hydroxy-1,N{sup 6}-benzetheno-2{prime}-deoxyadenosine (p-BQ-dA), respectively, in a large scale and high yield. These adducts have been previously made in a microgram scale as the 3{prime}-phosphate for {sup 32}P-postlabeling studies of their incidence in DNA. The p-BQ-dC and p-BQ-dA adducts have, in addition to the two hydroxyl groups of deoxyribose, one newly formed hydroxyl group a the C-3 or C-9 of the exocyclic base of each product respectively. Incorporation of these adducts into oligonucleotides as the phosphoramidite requires the protection of ll three hydroxyl groups in these compounds. The mass spectroscopic analysis of the DNA oligomers was confirmed by electrospray MS. These oligomers are now under investigation for their biochemical properties. 41 refs., 4 figs.« less

Return of D4 Dopamine Receptor Antagonists in Drug Discovery.

PubMed

Lindsley, Craig W; Hopkins, Corey R

2017-09-14

The dopamine D 4 receptor garnered a great deal of interest in the early 1990s when studies showed the atypical antipsychotic clozapine possessed higher affinity for D 4 , relative to other dopamine receptor subtypes, and that this activity might underlie the unique clinical efficacy of clozapine. Unfortunately, D 4 antagonists that were developed for schizophrenia failed in the clinic. Thus, D 4 fell out of favor as a therapeutic target, and work in this area was silent for decades. Recently, D 4 ligands with improved selectivity for D 4 against not only D 1-3,5 but also other biogenic amine targets have emerged, and D 4 is once again in the spotlight as a novel target for both addiction and Parkinson's disease (PD), as well as other emerging diseases. This report will review the historical data for D 4 , review the known D 4 ligands, and then highlight new data supporting a role for D 4 inhibition in addiction, PD, and cancer.
WE-AB-204-03: A Novel 3D Printed Phantom for 4D PET/CT Imaging and SIB Radiotherapy Verification

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Soultan, D; Murphy, J; Moiseenko, V

Purpose: To construct and test a 3D printed phantom designed to mimic variable PET tracer uptake seen in lung tumor volumes. To assess segmentation accuracy of sub-volumes of the phantom following 4D PET/CT scanning with ideal and patient-specific respiratory motion. To plan, deliver and verify delivery of PET-driven, gated, simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) radiotherapy plans. Methods: A set of phantoms and inserts were designed and manufactured for a realistic representation of lung cancer gated radiotherapy steps from 4D PET/CT scanning to dose delivery. A cylindrical phantom (40x 120 mm) holds inserts for PET/CT scanning. The novel 3D printed insert dedicatedmore » to 4D PET/CT mimics high PET tracer uptake in the core and lower uptake in the periphery. This insert is a variable density porous cylinder (22.12×70 mm), ABS-P430 thermoplastic, 3D printed by uPrint SE Plus with inner void volume (5.5×42 mm). The square pores (1.8×1.8 mm2 each) fill 50% of outer volume, resulting in a 2:1 SUV ratio of PET-tracer in the void volume with respect to porous volume. A matching in size cylindrical phantom is dedicated to validate gated radiotherapy. It contains eight peripheral holes matching the location of the porous part of the 3D printed insert, and one central hole. These holes accommodate adaptors for Farmer-type ion chamber and cells vials. Results: End-to-end test were performed from 4D PET/CT scanning to transferring data to the planning system and target volume delineation. 4D PET/CT scans were acquired of the phantom with different respiratory motion patterns and gating windows. A measured 2:1 18F-FDG SUV ratio between inner void and outer volume matched the 3D printed design. Conclusion: The novel 3D printed phantom mimics variable PET tracer uptake typical of tumors. Obtained 4D PET/CT scans are suitable for segmentation, treatment planning and delivery in SIB gated treatments of NSCLC.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fan, J; Lin, T; Jin, L

Purpose: Liver SBRT patients unable to tolerate breath-hold for radiotherapy are treated free-breathing with image guidance. Target localization using 3D CBCT requires extra margins to accommodate the respiratory motion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of 4D CT-on-rails in target localization for free-breathing liver SBRT. Methods: A Siemens SOMATOM CT-on-Rails 4D with Anzai Pressure Belt system was used both as the simulation and the localization CT. Fiducial marker was placed close to the center of the target prior to the simulation. Amplitude based sorting was used in the scan. Eight or sixteen phases ofmore » reconstructed CT sets (depends on breathing pattern) can be sent to Velocity to create the maximum intensity projection (MIP) image set. Target ITV and fiducial ITV were drawn based on the MIP image. In patient localization, a 4D scan was taken with the same settings as the sim scan. Images were registered to match fiducial ITVs. Results: Ten liver cancer patients treated for 50Gy over 5 fractions, with amplitudes of breathing motion ranging from 4.3–14.5 mm, were analyzed in this study. Results show that the Intra & inter fraction variability in liver motion amplitude significantly less than the baseline inter-fraction shifts in liver position. 90% of amplitude change is less than 3 mm. The differences in the D99 and D95 GTV dose coverage between the 4D CT-on-Rails and the CBCT plan were small (within 5%) for all the selected cases. However, the average PTV volume by using the 4D CT-on-Rails is 37% less than the CBCT PTV volume. Conclusion: Simulation and Registration using 4D CT-on-Rails provides accurate target localization and is unaffected by larger breathing amplitudes as seen with 3D CBCT image registration. Localization with 4D CT-on-Rails can significantly reduce the PTV volume with sufficient tumor.« less
Comparative analysis of visual outcomes with 4 intraocular lenses: Monofocal, multifocal, and extended range of vision.

PubMed

Pedrotti, Emilio; Carones, Francesco; Aiello, Francesco; Mastropasqua, Rodolfo; Bruni, Enrico; Bonacci, Erika; Talli, Pietro; Nucci, Carlo; Mariotti, Cesare; Marchini, Giorgio

2018-02-01

To compare the visual acuity, refractive outcomes, and quality of vision in patients with bilateral implantation of 4 intraocular lenses (IOLs). Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, and Carones Ophthalmology Center, Milano, Italy. Prospective case series. The study included patients who had bilateral cataract surgery with the implantation of 1 of 4 IOLs as follows: Tecnis 1-piece monofocal (monofocal IOL), Tecnis Symfony extended range of vision (extended-range-of-vision IOL), Restor +2.5 diopter (D) (+2.5 D multifocal IOL), and Restor +3.0 D (+3.0 D multifocal IOL). Visual acuity, refractive outcome, defocus curve, objective optical quality, contrast sensitivity, spectacle independence, and glare perception were evaluated 6 months after surgery. The study comprised 185 patients. The extended-range-of-vision IOL (55 patients) showed better distance visual outcomes than the monofocal IOL (30 patients) and high-addition apodized diffractive-refractive multifocal IOLs (P ≤ .002). The +3.0 D multifocal IOL (50 patients) showed the best near visual outcomes (P < .001). The +2.5 D multifocal IOL (50 patients) and extended-range-of-vision IOL provided significantly better intermediate visual outcomes than the other 2 IOLs, with significantly better vision for a defocus level of -1.5 D (P < .001). Better spectacle independence was shown for the +2.5 D multifocal IOL and extended-range-of-vision IOL (P < .001). The extended-range-of-vision IOL and +2.5 D multifocal IOL provided significantly better intermediate visual restoration after cataract surgery than the monofocal IOL and +3.0 D multifocal IOL, with significantly better quality of vision with the extended-range-of-vision IOL. Copyright © 2018 ASCRS and ESCRS. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Automated Performance Monitoring and Assessment for DCS Digital Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-07-01

in an automated technical con-. trol environnrunt. j UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF I , PAGE(Wh n O tD . E e d) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This program...5-2 Second Level MUX TD -1193 Alarms 5-3 5-3 First Level MUX TD -1192 Alarms 5-4 5.-4 Submultiplexer TDM-1251 Alarms 5-5 5 RF Distribution System...i 0 (0: I- O)’dU 04i (0) 0 0a 04 U) (04 04r 04 r- (O 0) 0) 41 ~ 0) 0H (z (0 0) Q) 4J a r- ) -4’ iHQ ) w .41 Q) > 4-4 !O ~ -4 ) > 114 > 44 >4 UU O4 u
Accuracy of a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure progesterone in mares

PubMed Central

Relave, Fabien; Lefebvre, Réjean C.; Beaudoin, Sandra; Price, Christopher

2007-01-01

The aim of this study was to validate an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the measurement of progesterone (P4) in mares. Specifically, the objectives were as follows: 1) to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the ELISA test for determination of P4, 2) to measure the potential agreement between the 2 people performing the test, and 3) to evaluate the effect of time on the outcome. Ten mares were sampled on the day before ovulation (D-1), and on days 1 (D1), 3 (D3), and 5 (D5) following ovulation, during the reproductive season. While mares were cycling regularly, estrus was induced by the injection of 5 mg of prostaglandin (PGF2) and monitored starting on the 4th day by daily transrectal palpation and ultrasonography to determine the time of ovulation. Blood was collected and all samples (n = 96) were assayed for P4 by a semiquantitative ELISA, by chemiluminescent immunoassay, and by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Based on the RIA, values of P4 on D-1, D1, D3, and D5 were significantly different (P < 0.0001) with mean and standard deviation(s) of 0.004, s = 0.52; 2.05, s = 2.58; 8.37, s = 4.17; and 12.76, s = 4.00 ng/mL respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the semiquantitative assay were 94% and 95%, respectively for the lowest values of P4 (< 1.0 ng/mL). The value of kappa was 0.90 between 2 individuals performing the test. In conclusion, these results suggest that the semi-quantitative test may be used reliably and economically to evaluate P4 levels in equine plasma in the clinical situation. PMID:17824324
Implications of free breathing motion assessed by 4D-computed tomography on the delivered dose in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Duma, Marciana Nona, E-mail: Marciana.Duma@mri.tum.de; Berndt, Johannes; Rondak, Ina-Christine

2015-01-01

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of breathing motion on the delivered dose in esophageal cancer 3-dimensional (3D)-conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). We assessed 16 patients with esophageal cancer. All patients underwent 4D-computed tomography (4D-CT) for treatment planning. For each of the analyzed patients, 1 3D-CRT, 1 IMRT, and 1 VMAT (RapidArc—RA) plan were calculated. Each of the 3 initial plans was recalculated on the 4D-CT (for the maximum free inspiration and maximum free expiration) to assess the effect of breathing motion. We assessed the minimum dose (D{sub min})more » and mean dose (D{sub mean}) to the esophagus within the planning target volume, the volume changes of the lungs, the D{sub mean} and the total lung volume receiving at least 40 Gy (V{sub 40}), and the V{sub 30}, V{sub 20}, V{sub 10}, and V{sub 5}. For the heart we assessed the D{sub mean} and the V{sub 25}. Over all techniques and all patients the change in D{sub mean} as compared with the planned D{sub mean} (planning CT [PCT]) to the esophagus was 0.48% in maximum free inspiration (CT-insp) and 0.55% in maximum free expiration (CT-exp). The D{sub min} CT-insp change was 0.86% and CT-exp change was 0.89%. The D{sub mean} change of the lungs (heart) was in CT-insp 1.95% (2.89%) and 3.88% (2.38%) in CT-exp. In all, 4 patients had a clinically relevant change of the dose (≥ 5% D{sub mean} to the heart and the lungs) between inspiration and expiration. These patients had a very cranially or caudally situated tumor. There are no relevant differences in the delivered dose to the regions of interest among the 3 techniques. Breathing motion management could be considered to achieve a better sparing of the lungs or heart in patients with cranially or caudally situated tumors.« less
Use of multivitamin, acidifier and Azolla in the diet of broiler chickens

PubMed Central

Islam, M. A.; Nishibori, M.

2017-01-01

Objective The experiments were carried out to measure the effect of multivitamin, acidifier and Azolla on growth performance, profitability and lipid profiles of blood of broiler chickens to produce safe and cost effective broilers. Methods In experiment 1, 240 day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were fed diets; D1 (control), D2 (D1 with 1 mL multivitamin/liter water), D3 (D1 with 1 mL acidifier/liter water), D4 (D1 with 1 mL multivitamin and 2 mL acidifier/liter water) having 3 replications in each, and 20 chicks/replication. In experiment 2, 150 day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were fed diets; T1 (control), T2 (5% Azolla in the diet), T3 (7% Azolla in the diet) and T4 (T1 with 1 mL multivitamin and 1 mL acidifier/liter water) having 3 replications in each, and 20 chicks/replication in control, and 10 chicks/replication in the remaining dietary treatment groups for 35 days. Results In experiment 1, the highest live weight was observed in D4 (p<0.05), however, feed intake was statistically similar between diets (p>0.05). The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p<0.001) and mortality (p<0.05) were observed in D2 followed by D4, D1, and D3, respectively. There were no significant differences between diets for feed cost and net profit (p>0.05). However, evidently but not significantly, the highest net profit was obtained in D2 followed by D4, D1, and D3, respectively. In experiment 2, the highest live weight (p<0.05) and feed intake (p<0.001) were observed in T4. Mortality (p<0.01), FCR (p<0.01), feed cost (p<0.05) and net profit (p<0.05) were significantly different among diets. Considering net profit, T2 was the best performing dietary group followed by T3, T1, and T4, respectively. The lowest lipid profiles were observed in D3 followed by D1, D4, and D2, respectively (p<0.05). In experiment 2, the lowest total cholesterol, TG, and the highest amount of high density lipoprotein were observed in T2, followed by T3, T1, and T4, respectively (p<0.05). Evidently but not significantly, low density lipoprotein was the highest in T2 followed by T3, T4, and T1, respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, Azolla and acidifier reduced lipid profiles of broiler chickens. Considering net profit and lipid profiles, 5% Azolla may be the suitable dietary group for producing safe and profitable broilers. However, more studies are needed to confirm this study prior to suggesting using Azolla in the poultry industry. PMID:27507178
Deformation of N = 4 SYM with varying couplings via fluxes and intersecting branes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Jaewang; Fernández-Melgarejo, José J.; Sugimoto, Shigeki

2018-03-01

We study deformations of N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with space-time dependent couplings by embedding probe D3-branes in supergravity backgrounds with non-trivial fluxes. The effective action on the world-volume of the D3-branes is analyzed and a map between the deformation parameters and the fluxes is obtained. As an explicit example, we consider D3-branes in a background corresponding to ( p, q) 5-branes intersecting them and show that the effective theory on the D3-branes precisely agrees with the supersymmetric Janus configuration found by Gaiotto and Witten in [1]. D3-branes in an intersecting D3-brane background is also analyzed and the D3-brane effective action reproduces one of the supersymmetric configurations with ISO(1 , 1) × SO(2) × SO(4) symmetry found in our previous paper [2].
Construction, Structural Diversity and Properties of Five Coordination Polymers Based on 5-Nitroisophthalate and Bis(imidazole) Linkers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arıcı, Mürsel

2018-06-01

Five coordination polymers, namely, [Cd(μ3-5-nip)(μ-obix)]n (1), [Co(μ3-5-nip)(μ-obix)]n (2), [Zn(μ-5-nip)(μ-obix)]n (3 and 4) and [Cd(μ-5-nip)(μ-bisobix)]n (5) (5-nip: 5-nitroisophthalate, obix: 1,2-bis(imidazol-1ylmethyl)benzene, bisobix: 1,2-bis(2-isopropylimidazol-1ylmethyl)benzene) were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis (TG/DTA). X-ray results showed that the complexes displayed structural diversity depending on metal ions and conformations of bis(imidazole) linkers. Complexes 1 and 2 were 1D structures and obix ligand displayed cis-conformation. Complexes 3 and 4 exhibited 2D and 3D structures with same components depending on obix conformation. In complex 5, 3D+3D→3D interpenetrated structure was obtained with dia topology when bisobix having sterically hindered groups on imidazole rings was used. Moreover, thermal, photoluminescence and optical properties of the complexes were also investigated.
Effects of sawdust bedding dry matter on lying behavior of dairy cows: a dose-dependent response.

PubMed

Reich, L J; Weary, D M; Veira, D M; von Keyserlingk, M A G

2010-04-01

The objective was to determine the effect of sawdust bedding dry matter on the lying behavior of Holstein cows. Dry matter (DM) was varied systematically over 5 treatment levels to test how cows respond to damp bedding. This experiment was repeated during summer and winter to test if the effects of damp bedding varied with season. The 5 bedding treatments averaged (+/-SD) 89.8+/-3.7, 74.2+/-6.4, 62.2+/-6.3, 43.9+/-4.0, and 34.7+/-3.8% DM. Over the course of the trial, minimum and maximum temperatures in the barn were 2.6+/-2.0 and 6.8+/-2.2 degrees C in the winter and 13.3+/-2.5 and 22.6+/-4.1 degrees C in the summer. In both seasons, 5 groups of 3 nonlactating cows were housed in free stalls bedded with sawdust. Following a 5-d acclimation period on dry bedding, groups were exposed to the 5 bedding treatments in a 5 x 5 Latin square. Each treatment lasted 4 d, followed by 1 d when the cows were provided with dry bedding. Stall usage was assessed by 24-h video scanned at 5-min intervals. Responses were analyzed within group (n=5) as the observational unit. Bedding DM affected lying time, averaging 10.4+/-0.4 h/d on the wettest treatment and increasing to 11.5+/-0.4 h/d on the driest bedding. Lying time varied with season, averaging 12.1+/-0.4 h/d across treatments during the winter and 9.9+/-0.6 h/d during the summer, but season and bedding DM did not interact. These results indicate that access to dry bedding is important for dairy cows. Copyright (c) 2010 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Low vitamin D deficiency in Irish toddlers despite northerly latitude and a high prevalence of inadequate intakes.

PubMed

Ní Chaoimh, Carol; McCarthy, Elaine K; Hourihane, Jonathan O'B; Kenny, Louise C; Irvine, Alan D; Murray, Deirdre M; Kiely, Mairead E

2018-03-01

While reports of inadequate vitamin D intakes among young children are widespread, data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency are inconsistent. We aimed to quantify vitamin D intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in children aged 2 years in the prospective Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study. Serum 25(OH)D was analysed using UPLC-MS/MS in 741 children living in Cork, Ireland (51°N). Two-day weighed food diaries were collected in 467 children, and 294 provided both a blood sample and a food diary. Mean (SD) 25(OH)D concentrations were 63.4 (20.4) nmol/L [winter: 54.5 (19.9), summer: 71.2 (17.5)]. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<30 nmol/L) was 4.6, and 26.7% were <50 nmol/L [45.2% during winter (November-April) and 10.4% in summer (May-October)]. With a mean (SD) vitamin D intake of 3.5 (3.1) µg/day, 96% had intakes below 10 µg/day, the current IOM estimated average requirement and the SACN safe intake value for this age group. After adjustment for season, vitamin D intake (µg/day) was associated with higher 25(OH)D concentrations [adjusted estimate (95% CI) 2.5 (1.9, 3.1) nmol/L]. Children who did not consume vitamin D-fortified foods or supplements had very low vitamin D intakes (1.2 (0.9) µg/day), and during winter, 12 and 77% were <30 and <50 nmol/L, respectively, compared with 6 and 44% of fortified food consumers. There was a high prevalence of low vitamin D status during winter, especially among children who did not consume fortified foods or nutritional supplements. Our data indicate the need for dietary strategies to increase vitamin D intakes in this age group. This report provides further evidence that DRVs for vitamin D should be based on experimental data in specific population groups and indicates the need for dose-response RCTs in young children.
2D and 3D T2-weighted MR sequences for the assessment of neurovascular bundle changes after nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy with erectile function correlation.

PubMed

Panebianco, Valeria; Sciarra, Alessandro; Osimani, Marcello; Lisi, Danilo; Ciccariello, Mauro; Salciccia, Stefano; Gentile, Vincenzo; Di Silverio, Franco; Passariello, Roberto

2009-01-01

The aim of this study was to assess the capability of a 3D isotropic MRI T2-weighted sequence (3D T2 ISO) in the depiction of changes of neurovascular bundles (NVBs) after bilateral nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). Furthermore, our aim was also to introduce a new MRI classification score of the NVB alteration patterns using the International Index Erectile Function Five-Item (IIEF-5) score as standard of reference. Fifty-three consecutive patients were postoperatively submitted to two MR examinations, including both 2D TSE T2-weighted (2D T2) and 3D T2 ISO sequences. Image findings were scored using a relative five-point classification and correlated with the postoperative IIEF-5 score. Radiologists attributed 13.2% of patients to class 0, 11.3% to class I, 34% to class II, 24.5% to class III, and 16.9% to class IV. With 3D T2 ISO images, the same radiologists determined 43.3% class 0, 32% class I, 11.4% class II, 7.5% class III, and 5.7% class IV. In all cases, the correlation and regression analysis between the 3D T2 ISO and IIEF-5 score resulted in higher coefficients values. The 3D sequence correlated most closely with patients' grading of erectile function.
Correlation functions in the D1-D5 orbifold CFT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

i Tormo, Joan Garcia; Taylor, Marika

2018-06-01

The D1-D5 system has an orbifold point in its moduli space, at which it may be described by an N = (4,4) supersymmetric sigma model with target space M N /S( N) where M is T^4 or K3. In this paper we consider correlation functions involving chiral operators constructed from twist fields: we find explicit expressions for processes involving a twist n operator joining n twist operators of arbitrary twist. These expressions are universal, in that they are independent of the choice of M , and the final results can be expressed in a compact form. We explain how these results are relevant to the black hole microstate programme: one point functions of chiral operators can be used to reconstruct AdS3 near horizon regions of D1-D5 microstates and to match microstates constructed in supergravity with the CFT.
Biodegradation of acetanilide herbicides acetochlor and butachlor in soil.

PubMed

Ye, Chang-ming; Wang, Xing-jun; Zheng, He-hui

2002-10-01

The biodegradation of two acetanilide herbicides, acetochlor and butachlor in soil after other environmental organic matter addition were measured during 35 days laboratory incubations. The herbicides were applied to soil alone, soil-SDBS (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) mixtures and soil-HA (humic acid) mixtures. Herbicide biodegradation kinetics were compared in the different treatment. Biodegradation products of herbicides in soil alone samples were identified by GC/MS at the end of incubation. Addition of SDBS and HA to soil decreased acetochlor biodegradation, but increased butachlor biodegradation. The biodegradation half-life of acetochlor and butachlor in soil alone, soil-SDBS mixtures and soil-HA mixtures were 4.6 d, 6.1 d and 5.4 d and 5.3 d, 4.9 d and 5.3 d respectively. The biodegradation products were hydroxyacetochlor and 2-methyl-6-ethylaniline for acetochlor, and hydroxybutachlor and 2,6-diethylaniline for butachlor.
Measurement of the branching ratio for the doubly cabibbo suppressed decay D + → + K -K +K +; Medida da razao de ramificacao do Decaimento D + → + K -K +K + duplamente suprimido por cabibbo (in Portuguese)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Silva Carvalho, Hendly da

In this thesis, we performed a study for the decay modes D + → + K -K +K + and D + s → + K -K +K +, using the data collected by the E791, a hadroproduction of charm experiment at Fermilab. The D + → + K -K +K + decay is doubly Cabibbo suppressed while the D + s → + K -K +K + decay is singly Cabibbo suppressed. We found 11.6 +- 3.9 events in the D + mass region and 8.9 +- 3.3 in the D + s mass region. The D + →more » + K -K +K + branching ratio is measured to be (3.7 +- 1.3 +- 0.6) x 10 -4 while the D + → + K -K +K + branching ratio relative to D + s → + K -K +K + is measured to be (4.2 +- 1.5 +- 0.6) x 10 -2.« less
Evaluating the Improvement in Shear Wave Speed Image Quality Using Multidimensional Directional Filters in the Presence of Reflection Artifacts.

PubMed

Lipman, Samantha L; Rouze, Ned C; Palmeri, Mark L; Nightingale, Kathryn R

2016-08-01

Shear waves propagating through interfaces where there is a change in stiffness cause reflected waves that can lead to artifacts in shear wave speed (SWS) reconstructions. Two-dimensional (2-D) directional filters are commonly used to reduce in-plane reflected waves; however, SWS artifacts arise from both in- and out-of-imaging-plane reflected waves. Herein, we introduce 3-D shear wave reconstruction methods as an extension of the previous 2-D estimation methods and quantify the reduction in image artifacts through the use of volumetric SWS monitoring and 4-D-directional filters. A Gaussian acoustic radiation force impulse excitation was simulated in phantoms with Young's modulus ( E ) of 3 kPa and a 5-mm spherical lesion with E = 6, 12, or 18.75 kPa. The 2-D-, 3-D-, and 4-D-directional filters were applied to the displacement profiles to reduce in-and out-of-plane reflected wave artifacts. Contrast-to-noise ratio and SWS bias within the lesion were calculated for each reconstructed SWS image to evaluate the image quality. For 2-D SWS image reconstructions, the 3-D-directional filters showed greater improvements in image quality than the 2-D filters, and the 4-D-directional filters showed marginal improvement over the 3-D filters. Although 4-D-directional filters can further reduce the impact of large magnitude out-of-plane reflection artifacts in SWS images, computational overhead and transducer costs to acquire 3-D data may outweigh the modest improvements in image quality. The 4-D-directional filters have the largest impact in reducing reflection artifacts in 3-D SWS volumes.
Vitamin D in pregnancy at high latitude in Scotland.

PubMed

Haggarty, Paul; Campbell, Doris M; Knox, Susan; Horgan, Graham W; Hoad, Gwen; Boulton, Emma; McNeill, Geraldine; Wallace, Alan M

2013-03-14

The aims of the present study were to determine compliance with current advice on vitamin D and to assess the influence of season, dietary intake, supplement use and deprivation on vitamin D status in pregnant mothers and newborns in the north of Scotland where sunlight exposure is low. Pregnant women (n 1205) and their singleton newborns were studied in the Aberdeen Maternity Hospital (latitude 57°N) between 2000 and 2006. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were measured at 19 weeks of gestation in mothers and at delivery in newborns. During pregnancy, 21·0 (95 % CI 18·5, 23·5) % of women took vitamin D supplements. The median intake was 5 μg/d and only 0·6 (95 % CI 0·1, 1·0) % took the recommended 10 μg/d. Supplement use, adjusted for season, dietary intake and deprivation, significantly increased maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) by 10·5 (95 % CI 5·7, 15·2) nmol/l (P< 0·001); however, there was no significant effect on cord 25(OH)D (1·4 (95 % CI - 1·8, 4·5) nmol/l). The biggest influence on both maternal and cord 25(OH)D was season of birth (P< 0·001). Compared with the least deprived women (top three deciles), the most deprived pregnancies (bottom three deciles) were characterised by a significantly lower seasonally adjusted 25(OH)D ( - 11·6 (95 % CI - 7·5, - 15·7) nmol/l in the mother and - 5·8 (95 % CI - 2·3, - 9·4) nmol/l in the cord), and a lower level of supplement use (10 (95 % CI 4, 17) v. 23 (95 % CI 20, 26) %). More should be done to promote vitamin D supplement use in pregnancy but the critical importance of endogenous vitamin D synthesis, and known adaptations of fat metabolism specific to pregnancy, suggest that safe sun advice may be a useful additional strategy, even at high latitude.
mRNA expression of dopamine receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes of computer game addicts.

PubMed

Vousooghi, Nasim; Zarei, Seyed Zeinolabedin; Sadat-Shirazi, Mitra-Sadat; Eghbali, Fatemeh; Zarrindast, Mohammad Reza

2015-10-01

Excessive playing of computer games like some other behaviors could lead to addiction. Addictive behaviors may induce their reinforcing effects through stimulation of the brain dopaminergic mesolimbic pathway. The status of dopamine receptors in the brain may be parallel to their homologous receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Here, we have investigated the mRNA expression of dopamine D3, D4 and D5 receptors in PBLs of computer game addicts (n = 20) in comparison to normal subjects (n = 20), using a real-time PCR method. The results showed that the expression level of D3 and D4 dopamine receptors in computer game addicts were not statistically different from the control group. However, the expression of the mRNA of D5 dopamine receptor was significantly down-regulated in PBLs of computer game addicts and reached 0.42 the amount of the control group. It is concluded that unlike with drug addiction, the expression levels of the D3 and D4 dopamine receptors in computer game addicts are not altered compared to the control group. However, reduced level of the D5 dopamine receptor in computer game addicts may serve as a peripheral marker in studies where the confounding effects of abused drugs are unwanted.
Seasonal changes in vitamin D status among Danish adolescent girls and elderly women: the influence of sun exposure and vitamin D intake.

PubMed

Andersen, R; Brot, C; Jakobsen, J; Mejborn, H; Mølgaard, C; Skovgaard, L T; Trolle, E; Tetens, I; Ovesen, L

2013-03-01

To determine seasonal variation in vitamin D status in healthy Caucasian adolescent girls and elderly community-dwelling women living in Denmark, and to quantify the impact of sun exposure and intake on the seasonal changes in vitamin D status. A 1-year longitudinal observational study of 54 girls (11-13 years) and 52 women (70-75 years). The participants were examined three times (winter-summer-winter). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25OHD) concentration and vitamin D intake were measured at each visit. Sun exposure was measured during summer. S-25OHD concentrations (winter, summer, winter) were median (25, 75 percentiles) 23.4 (16.5, 36.4), 60.3 (42.7, 67.7), 29.5 (22.2, 40.4) and 47.2 (27.3, 61.1), 67.3 (35.1, 79.2), 50.5 (32.7, 65.5)nmol/l for girls and women, respectively. The usual sun habits were determinant (P=0.002) for change in vitamin D status from winter to summer. Vitamin D intake from supplements (P<0.0001) and diet (P=0.002) were determinants for change in vitamin D status from summer to winter. Winter vitamin D status of 50 nmol/l is achievable when vitamin D status the previous summer was ≈ 100 nmol/l. If summer vitamin D status is only ≈ 60 nmol/l, vitamin D status the following winter would be ≈ 28 nmol/l. Low vitamin D status among adolescent girls and elderly women during two consecutive winter seasons, improved vitamin D status during the summer and better vitamin D status in women than in girls was found. The estimations show that a summer S-25OHD concentration ≈ 100 nmol/l is needed to achieve a concentration of ≈ 50 nmol/l the following winter.

Bi–Mn mixed metal organic oxide: A novel 3d-6p mixed metal coordination network

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shi, Fa-Nian, E-mail: fshi@ua.pt; Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro; Rosa Silva, Ana

2015-05-15

A new terminology of metal organic oxide (MOO) was given a definition as a type of coordination polymers which possess the feature of inorganic connectivity between metals and the direct bonded atoms and show 1D, 2D or 3D inorganic sub-networks. One such compound was shown as an example. A 3d-6p (Mn–Bi. Named MOOMnBi) mixed metals coordination network has been synthesized via hydrothermal method. The new compound with the molecular formula of [MnBi{sub 2}O(1,3,5-BTC){sub 2}]{sub n} (1,3,5-BTC stands for benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) was characterized via single crystal X-ray diffraction technique that revealed a very interesting 3-dimensional (3D) framework with Bi{sub 4}O{sub 2}(COO){sub 12}more » clusters which are further connected to Mn(COO){sub 6} fragments into a 2D MOO. The topology study indicates an unprecedented topological type with the net point group of (4{sup 13}.6{sup 2})(4{sup 13}.6{sup 8})(4{sup 16}.6{sup 5})(4{sup 18}.6{sup 10})(4{sup 22}.6{sup 14})(4{sup 3}) corresponding to 3,6,7,7,8,9-c hexa-nodal net. MOOMnBi shows catalytic activity in the synthesis of (E)-α,β-unsaturated ketones. - Graphical abstract: This metal organic framework (MOF) is the essence of a 2D metal organic oxide (MOO). - Highlights: • New concept of metal organic oxide (MOO) was defined and made difference from metal organic framework. • New MOO of MOOMnBi was synthesized by hydrothermal method. • Crystal structure of MOOMnBi was determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. • The catalytic activity of MOOMnBi was studied showing reusable after 2 cycles.« less
Prostate segmentation: an efficient convex optimization approach with axial symmetry using 3-D TRUS and MR images.

PubMed

Qiu, Wu; Yuan, Jing; Ukwatta, Eranga; Sun, Yue; Rajchl, Martin; Fenster, Aaron

2014-04-01

We propose a novel global optimization-based approach to segmentation of 3-D prostate transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and T2 weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images, enforcing inherent axial symmetry of prostate shapes to simultaneously adjust a series of 2-D slice-wise segmentations in a "global" 3-D sense. We show that the introduced challenging combinatorial optimization problem can be solved globally and exactly by means of convex relaxation. In this regard, we propose a novel coherent continuous max-flow model (CCMFM), which derives a new and efficient duality-based algorithm, leading to a GPU-based implementation to achieve high computational speeds. Experiments with 25 3-D TRUS images and 30 3-D T2w MR images from our dataset, and 50 3-D T2w MR images from a public dataset, demonstrate that the proposed approach can segment a 3-D prostate TRUS/MR image within 5-6 s including 4-5 s for initialization, yielding a mean Dice similarity coefficient of 93.2%±2.0% for 3-D TRUS images and 88.5%±3.5% for 3-D MR images. The proposed method also yields relatively low intra- and inter-observer variability introduced by user manual initialization, suggesting a high reproducibility, independent of observers.
Potent in vivo antifungal activity against powdery mildews of pregnane glycosides from the roots of Cynanchum wilfordii.

PubMed

Yoon, Mi-Young; Choi, Nam Hee; Min, Byung Sun; Choi, Gyung Ja; Choi, Yong Ho; Jang, Kyoung Soo; Han, Seong-Sook; Cha, Byeongjin; Kim, Jin-Cheol

2011-11-23

Two new pregnane glycosides, kidjoranine 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-diginopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside (5) and caudatin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-L-diginopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside (6), were isolated from the roots of Cynanchum wilfordii along with four known compounds (1-4). The antifungal activities of the six compounds against barley powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei were compared to the antifungal activity of polyoxin B. The caudatin glycosides (1, 4, and 6) showed stronger antifungal activities than polyoxin B, whereas kidjoranine glycosides (2, 3, and 5) had weaker activities than polyoxin B. A wettable powder-type formulation (C. wilfordii-WP20) of the ethyl acetate extract from C. wilfordii roots prohibited the development of barley powdery mildew much more effectively than the commercial fungicide polyoxin B-WP10. In addition, C. wilfordii-WP20 effectively controlled strawberry powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca humuli under greenhouse conditions. Thus, the crude extract containing the pregnane glycosides can be used as a botanical fungicide for the environmentally benign control of powdery mildews.
Randomized controlled trial of the effects of vitamin D–fortified milk and bread on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in families in Denmark during winter: the VitmaD study.

PubMed

Madsen, Katja H; Rasmussen, Lone B; Andersen, Rikke; Mølgaard, Christian; Jakobsen, Jette; Bjerrum, Poul J; Andersen, Elisabeth W; Mejborn, Heddie; Tetens, Inge

2013-08-01

Vitamin D intakes are lower than dietary recommendations in most populations, and thus, a low vitamin D status is widespread, especially during winter. We investigated the effects of increasing vitamin D intake to the recommended amount by fortification of milk and bread on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in families during winter in Denmark. The study was a randomized controlled trial in 782 children and adults (4-60 y old) recruited as 201 families. Families were randomly assigned to vitamin D-fortified or nonfortified milk and bread for 6 mo starting in September. The milk and bread replaced the participants' usual consumptions of products. Median (IQR) vitamin D intakes (habitual diet plus fortified products) were 9.4 mg/d (6.5, 12.3 mg/d) and 2.2 mg/d (1.5, 3.0 mg/d) in fortification and control groups, respectively. Geometric mean (IQR) serum 25(OH)D concentrations decreased from 73.1 nmol/L (61.9, 88.5 nmol/L) to 67.6 nmol/L (56.2, 79.4 nmol/L) in the fortification group and from 71.1 nmol/L (61.2, 85.9 nmol/L) to 41.7 nmol/L (29.5, 58.9 nmol/L) in the control group (both P , 0.001). The final 25(OH)D concentration was significantly higher in the fortification group than in the control group (P , 0.001). By the end of the study, ,1% of subjects in the fortification group and 25% of subjects in the control group had 25(OH)D concentrations ,30 nmol/L and 16% and 65% of subjects, respectively, had 25(OH)D concentrations ,50 nmol/L. Vitamin D fortification of milk and bread reduces the decrease in serum 25(OH)D concentrations during winter and ensures 25(OH)D concentrations .50 nmol/L in children and adults in Denmark.
Comparative analysis of 3D data accuracy of single tooth and full dental arch captured by different intraoral and laboratory digital impression systems.

PubMed

Ryakhovskiy, A N; Kostyukova, V V

2016-01-01

The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of digital impressions taken by different intraoral and laboratory scanners. For this purpose a synthetic jaw model with prepared tooth was scanned using intraoral scanning systems: 3D Progress (MHT S.P.A., IT - MHT Optic Research AG, CH); True Definition (3M ESPE, USA); Trios (3Shape A/S, DNK); CEREC AC Bluecam, CEREC Omnicam (Sirona Dental System GmbH, DE); Planscan (Planmeca, FIN); and laboratory scanning systems: s600 ARTI (Zirkonzahn GmbH, IT); Imetric Iscan D104, CH); D900 (3Shape A/S, DNK); Zfx Evolution (Zfx GmbH, DE) (each n=10). Reference-scanning was done by ATOS Core (GOM mbH, DE). The resulting digital impressions were superimposed with the master-scan. The measured deviations by points (trueness) for intraoral scanners were: True Definition - 15.0±2.85 μm (single tooth) and 45.0±19.11 µm (full arch); Trios - 17.1±1.44 and 58.8±27.36 µm; CEREC AC Bluecam - 22.3±5.58 and 20.3±4.13 µm; CEREC Omnicam - 25.0±1.06 and 78.5±27.03 µm; 3D Progress - 26.4±5.75 and 213.5±47.44 µm; Planscan - 54.6±11.58 and 205.2±21.73 µm. For laboratory scanners: Imetric Iscan D104 - 10.2±0.87 μm (stamp) and 65.3±5.36 µm (full arch); Zfx Evolution - 12.8±0.83 and 66.4±2.80 µm; Zirkonzahn s600 ARTI - 15.1±1.36 and 65.9±1.33 µm; 3Shape D900 - 19.9±0.53 and 63.6±0.83 µm. Precision was: True Definition - 19.9±2.77 μm (single tooth) and 40.1±11.04 µm (full arch); Trios - 25.8±2.49 and 69.9±18.95 µm; CEREC AC Bluecam - 36.4±2.78 and 46.6±3.44 µm; CEREC Omnicam - 37.6±3.29 and 76.2±13.36 µm; 3D Progress - 76.9±11.04 and 102.2±8.06 µm; Planscan - 74.3±6.58 and 93.9±15.32 µm. For laboratory scanners: Imetric Iscan D104 - 11.7±4.39 μm (stamp) and 31.2±5.58 µm (full arch); Zfx Evolution - 8.4±0.49 and 24.8±3.98 µm; Zirkonzahn s600 ARTI - 13.4±6.74 and 20.7±4.34 µm; 3Shape D900 - 10.4±0.93 and 17.8±0.62 µm. Whole deviation of the dental arch was: 3D Progress - 98.0±5.70 µm; True Definition - 47.1±9.61 µm; Trios - 59.6±18.77 µm; Omnicam - 77.8±8.79 µm; Planscan - 107.9±1.58 µm; Bluecam - 46.8±1.22 µm; Imetric - 36.4±1.62 µm; Zfx Evolution - 29.5±0.58 µm; S600 ARTI - 35.0±1.04 µm; 3Shape D900 - 32.7±0.29 µm. The results indicate that digital impressions provide enough accuracy for clinical application.
The Efficiency of Delone Coverings of the Canonical Tilings T^*(A4) and T^*(D6)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Papadopolos, Zorka; Kasner, Gerald

This chapter is devoted to the coverings of the two quasiperiodic canonical tilings T^*(A4) and T^*(D6) T^*(2F), obtained by projection from the root lattices A4 and D6, respectively. In the first major part of this chapter, in Sect. 5.2, we shall introduce a Delone covering C^sT^*(A4) of the 2-dimensional decagonal tiling T^*(A4). In the second major part of this chapter, Sect. 5.3, we summarize the results related to the Delone covering of the icosahedral tiling T^*(D6), CT^*(D6) and determine the zero-, single-, and double- deckings and the resulting thickness of the covering. In the conclusions section, we give some suggestions as to how the definition of the Delone covering might be changed in order to reach some real (full) covering of the icosahedral tiling T^*(D6). In Section 5.2 the definition of the Delone covering is also changed in order to avoid an unnecessary large thickness of the covering.
Structure elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide by NMR spectroscopy and selective cleavage and genetic characterization of the O-antigen of Escherichia albertii O5.

PubMed

Naumenko, Olesya I; Zheng, Han; Wang, Jianping; Senchenkova, Sof'ya N; Wang, Hong; Shashkov, Alexander S; Chizhov, Alexander O; Li, Qun; Knirel, Yuriy A; Xiong, Yanwen

2018-03-02

The O-specific polysaccharide (O-antigen) was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia albertii O5 (strain T150248) and studied by sugar analysis, selective cleavages of glycosidic linkages, and 1D and 2D 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Partial solvolysis with anh (anhydrous) CF 3 CO 2 H and hydrolysis with 0.05 M CF 3 CO 2 H cleaved predominantly the glycosidic linkage of β-GalpNAc or β-Galf, respectively, whereas the linkages of α-GlcpNAc and β-Galp were stable. Mixtures of the corresponding tri- and tetra-saccharides thus obtained were studied by NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution ESI MS. The following new structure was established for the tetrasaccharide repeat (O-unit) of the O-polysaccharide: →4)-α-d-GlcpNAc-(1 → 4)-β-d-Galp6Ac-(1 → 6)-β-d-Galf-(1 → 3)-β-d-GalpNAc-(1→where the degree of O-acetylation of d-Galp is ∼70%. The O-polysaccharide studied has a β-d-Galp-(1 → 6)-β-d-Galf-(1 → 3)-β-d-GalpNAc trisaccharide fragment in common with the O-polysaccharides of E. albertii O7, Escherichia coli O124 and O164, and Shigella dysenteriae type 3 studied earlier. The orf5-7 in the O-antigen gene cluster of E. albertii O5 are 47%, 78%, and 75% identical on the amino acid level to genes for predicted enzymes of E. albertii O7, including Galp-transferase wfeS, UDP-d-Galp mutase glf, and Galf-transferase wfeT, respectively, which are putatively involved with the synthesis of the shared trisaccharide fragment of the O-polysaccharides. The occurrence upstream of the O-antigen gene cluster of a 4-epimerase gene gnu for conversion of undecaprenyl diphosphate-linked d-GlcNAc (UndPP-d-GlcNAc) into UndPP-d-GalNAc indicates that d-GalNAc is the first monosaccharide of the O-unit, and hence the O-units are interlinked in the O-polysaccharide of E. albertii O5 by the β-d-GalpNAc-(1 → 4)-α-d-GlcpNAc linkage. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
A decrease in vitamin D levels is associated with methotrexate-induced oral mucositis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PubMed

Oosterom, N; Dirks, N F; Heil, S G; de Jonge, R; Tissing, W J E; Pieters, R; van den Heuvel-Eibrink, M M; Heijboer, A C; Pluijm, S M F

2018-06-19

Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency, which might make them more susceptible to developing adverse events. Previous studies showed that low vitamin D levels were associated with an increased inflammatory mucosal state and impaired mucosal tissue barriers. We examined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and studied the association between vitamin D levels and methotrexate (MTX)-induced oral mucositis in pediatric ALL. We assessed 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D 3 ) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) levels in 99 children with ALL before the start of 4 × 5 g/m 2 high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) (T0) and in 81/99 children after discontinuation of HD-MTX (T1). Two cutoff values for vitamin D deficiency exist: 25(OH)D 3 levels < 30 and < 50 nmol/L. Oral mucositis was defined as grade ≥ 3 according to the National Cancer Institute Criteria. Vitamin D deficiency occurred in respectively 8% (< 30 nmol/L) and 33% (< 50 nmol/L) of the patients at T0, and more frequently in children > 4 years of age as compared to children between 1 and 4 years of age. A decrease in 25(OH)D 3 levels during HD-MTX therapy was associated with developing severe oral mucositis (OR 1.6; 95% CI [1.1-2.4]). 25(OH)D 3 and 24,25(OH) 2 D 3 levels at T0 and the change in 24,25(OH) 2 D 3 levels during therapy were not associated with the development of severe oral mucositis. This study showed that vitamin D deficiency occurs frequently in pediatric ALL patients above the age of 4 years. A decrease in 25(OH)D 3 levels during MTX therapy was observed in children with ALL that developed severe oral mucositis.
Five-dimensional ultrasound system for soft tissue visualization.

PubMed

Deshmukh, Nishikant P; Caban, Jesus J; Taylor, Russell H; Hager, Gregory D; Boctor, Emad M

2015-12-01

A five-dimensional ultrasound (US) system is proposed as a real-time pipeline involving fusion of 3D B-mode data with the 3D ultrasound elastography (USE) data as well as visualization of these fused data and a real-time update capability over time for each consecutive scan. 3D B-mode data assist in visualizing the anatomy of the target organ, and 3D elastography data adds strain information. We investigate the feasibility of such a system and show that an end-to-end real-time system, from acquisition to visualization, can be developed. We present a system that consists of (a) a real-time 3D elastography algorithm based on a normalized cross-correlation (NCC) computation on a GPU; (b) real-time 3D B-mode acquisition and network transfer; (c) scan conversion of 3D elastography and B-mode volumes (if acquired by 4D wobbler probe); and (d) visualization software that fuses, visualizes, and updates 3D B-mode and 3D elastography data in real time. We achieved a speed improvement of 4.45-fold for the threaded version of the NCC-based 3D USE versus the non-threaded version. The maximum speed was 79 volumes/s for 3D scan conversion. In a phantom, we validated the dimensions of a 2.2-cm-diameter sphere scan-converted to B-mode volume. Also, we validated the 5D US system visualization transfer function and detected 1- and 2-cm spherical objects (phantom lesion). Finally, we applied the system to a phantom consisting of three lesions to delineate the lesions from the surrounding background regions of the phantom. A 5D US system is achievable with real-time performance. We can distinguish between hard and soft areas in a phantom using the transfer functions.
Levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, HDL and glucose in patients with schizophrenia, unipolar depression and bipolar disorder.

PubMed

Wysokiński, Adam; Strzelecki, Dominik; Kłoszewska, Iwona

2015-01-01

The aim of this study is to investigate differences in triglycerides (TGA), cholesterol (TC), HDL, LDL and glucose (FPG) levels in patients with acute schizophrenia, unipolar depression, bipolar depression and bipolar mania. Results for 2305 Caucasian patients were included in the study (1377 women, 59.7%; mean age 45.6). Mean TGA level was: schizophrenia: 139.9±90.6 mg/dL, unipolar depression: 125.4±70.8 mg/dL, bipolar disorder: 141.1±81.9 mg/dL, bipolar depression: 147.7±82.8 mg/dL mg/dL, bipolar mania: 120.2±76.1 mg/dL, inter-group differences were significant (p<0.001). Mean TC level was: schizophrenia: 188.5±40.4 mg/dL, unipolar depression: 198.8±50.7 mg/dL, bipolar disorder: 194.4±48.3 mg/dL, bipolar depression: 198.9±48.8 mg/dL, bipolar mania: 180.1±43.8 mg/dL, inter-group differences were significant (p<0.001). Mean HDL level was: schizophrenia: 45.3±13.9 mg/dL, unipolar depression: 48.1±14.8 mg/dL, bipolar disorder: 45.4±15.3 mg/dL, bipolar depression: 45.1±15.4 mg/dL, bipolar mania: 46.4±15.1 mg/dL, inter-group differences were significant (p<0.001). Mean LDL level was: schizophrenia: 115.4±34.7 mg/dL, unipolar depression: 125.7±44.1 mg/dL, bipolar disorder: 120.9±42.1 mg/dL, bipolar depression: 124.5±43.1 mg/dL, bipolar mania: 109.3±36.9 mg/dL, inter-group differences were significant (p<0.001). Mean FPG level was: schizophrenia: 95.9±24.9 mg/dL, unipolar depression: 94.8±22.9 mg/dL, bipolar disorder: 97.2±24.4 mg/dL, bipolar depression: 98.3±25.3 mg/dL, bipolar mania: 93.9±21.1 mg/dL, inter-group differences were not significant (p=0.08). Odds ratios for glucose and lipids abnormalities, correlations with age, sex distribution in diagnostic groups for normal ranges of glucose and lipids, differences in glucose and lipids levels between the age groups were also calculated. Our results confirm that there is a high prevalence of lipid and glucose abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia and mood disorders (both unipolar and bipolar). However, we have demonstrated that these diagnostic groups differ in terms of types and frequency of these metabolic dysfunctions. Women and patients aged 40+ are at particularly high risk. Copyright © 2015 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Two new isoarylbenzofuran diglucosides from the root bark of Morus alba.

PubMed

Park, Ji-Hae; Jung, Ye-Jin; Jung, Jae-Woo; Shrestha, Sabina; Han, Daeseok; Lim, Dong Wook; Baek, Nam-In

2015-01-01

Two new arylbenzofuran diglucopyranosides, (2″R)-(-)-moracin-O-5',3″-β-D-diglucopyranoside (1) and (2″R)-(-)-moracin-P-5',2″-β-d-diglucopyranoside (2), along with known arylbenzofurans, moracin M 6-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and an isomeric mixture of R-(-)-moracin O (4) and R-(-)-moracin P (5), were isolated from the root bark of Morus alba L. The structure of the compounds was elucidated based on mass spectrometry, infrared, 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data.
[Glycemic variability and short-term outcome in critically ill].

PubMed

Zhang, L P; Guo, Y B; Zhou, L H

2016-06-07

To analyze the association of blood glucose variability and short-term outcome in critically ill. The retrospective study including 552 patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 2013 to March 2015. The initial blood glucose (GluAdm), the first 24 hours average blood glucose(GluMV1d) and glycemic lability index(GLI1d), 72-hour average blood glucose (GluMV3d) and glycemic lability index(GLI3d) were recorded. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was applied to evaluate the association between GluAdm, GLI1d, GLI3d and APACHE Ⅱ score and prognosis. The levels of APACHE Ⅱ, GluAdm, GLI 1d, GLI 3d of nonsurvivors were higher than those of survivors[(23.2±5.2) vs (16.7±4.4), (12.3±5.2)mmol/L vs(9.2±2.2)mmol/L, (23.3±12.2)vs(12.3±11.1), (21.6±19.3)vs(13.2±9.9), P<0.05]; there was no statistically significant difference between GluMV1d and GluMV3d; when ROC was applied, and the area under the curve (AUC) of APACHEⅡ, GLI1d and GLI3d were 0.826±0.035, 0.726±0.052 and 0.786±0.046, which were significantly higher than the GluMV1d and GluMV3d (0.412±0.031, 0.425±0.026, P<0.05) .It is correlated between GluAdm, GLI1d, GLI3d and the 28-day mortality, ICU days and total time of hospitalization. Blood glucose variability is closely related with the mortality in critical ill patients, GLI1d, GLI3d and APACHEⅡ score of critically ill patients have a similar predictive value in the short-term prognosis.
Pharmacogenetics in American Indian populations: analysis of CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP2C9 in the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes.

PubMed

Fohner, Alison; Muzquiz, LeeAnna I; Austin, Melissa A; Gaedigk, Andrea; Gordon, Adam; Thornton, Timothy; Rieder, Mark J; Pershouse, Mark A; Putnam, Elizabeth A; Howlett, Kevin; Beatty, Patrick; Thummel, Kenneth E; Woodahl, Erica L

2013-08-01

Cytochrome P450 enzymes play a dominant role in drug elimination and variation in these genes is a major source of interindividual differences in drug response. Little is known, however, about pharmacogenetic variation in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations. We have developed a partnership with the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (CSKT) in northwestern Montana to address this knowledge gap. We resequenced CYP2D6 in 187 CSKT individuals and CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP2C9 in 94 CSKT individuals. We identified 67 variants in CYP2D6, 15 in CYP3A4, 10 in CYP3A5, and 41 in CYP2C9. The most common CYP2D6 alleles were CYP2D6*4 and *41 (20.86 and 11.23%, respectively). CYP2D6*3, *5, *6, *9, *10, *17, *28, *33, *35, *49, *1xN, *2xN, and *4xN frequencies were less than 2%. CYP3A5*3, CYP3A4*1G, and *1B were detected with frequencies of 92.47, 26.81, and 2.20%, respectively. Allelic variation in CYP2C9 was low: CYP2C9*2 (5.17%) and *3 (2.69%). In general, allele frequencies in CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A5 were similar to those observed in European Americans. There was, however, a marked divergence in CYP3A4 for the CYP3A4*1G allele. We also observed low levels of linkage between CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*1 in the CSKT. The combination of nonfunctional CYP3A5*3 and putative reduced function CYP3A4*1G alleles may predict diminished clearance of CYP3A substrates. These results highlight the importance of carrying out pharmacogenomic research in AI/AN populations and show that extrapolation from other populations is not appropriate. This information could help optimize drug therapy for the CSKT population.
Pharmacogenetics in American Indian Populations: Analysis of CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP2C9 in the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes

PubMed Central

Fohner, Alison; Muzquiz, LeeAnna I.; Austin, Melissa A.; Gaedigk, Andrea; Gordon, Adam; Thornton, Timothy; Rieder, Mark J.; Pershouse, Mark A.; Putnam, Elizabeth A.; Howlett, Kevin; Beatty, Patrick; Thummel, Kenneth E.; Woodahl, Erica L.

2014-01-01

Objectives Cytochrome P450 enzymes play a dominant role in drug elimination and variation in these genes is a major source of interindividual differences in drug response. Little is known, however, about pharmacogenetic variation in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations. We have developed a partnership with the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (CSKT) in northwestern Montana to address this knowledge gap. Methods We resequenced CYP2D6 in 187 CSKT subjects and CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP2C9 in 94 CSKT subjects. Results We identified 67 variants in CYP2D6, 15 in CYP3A4, 10 in CYP3A5, and 41 in CYP2C9. The most common CYP2D6 alleles were CYP2D6*4 and *41 (20.86 and 11.23%, respectively). CYP2D6*3, *5, *6, *9, *10, *17, *28, *33, *35, *49, *1xN, *2xN, and *4xN frequencies were less than 2%. CYP3A5*3, CYP3A4*1G, and *1B were detected with frequencies of 92.47, 26.81, and 2.20%, respectively. Allelic variation in CYP2C9 was low: CYP2C9*2 (5.17%) and *3 (2.69%). In general, allele frequencies in CYP2D6, CYP2C9 and CYP3A5 were similar to those observed in European Americans. There was, however, a marked divergence in CYP3A4 for the CYP3A4*1G allele. We also observed low levels of linkage between CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*1 in the CSKT. The combination of nonfunctional CYP3A5*3 and putative reduced function CYP3A4*1G alleles may predict diminished clearance of CYP3A substrates. Conclusions These results highlight the importance of conducting pharmacogenomic research in AI/AN populations and demonstrate that extrapolation from other populations is not appropriate. This information could help to optimize drug therapy for the CSKT population. PMID:23778323
Presynaptic mGlu1 and mGlu5 autoreceptors facilitate glutamate exocytosis from mouse cortical nerve endings.

PubMed

Musante, Veronica; Neri, Elisa; Feligioni, Marco; Puliti, Aldamaria; Pedrazzi, Marco; Conti, Valerio; Usai, Cesare; Diaspro, Alberto; Ravazzolo, Roberto; Henley, Jeremy M; Battaglia, Giuseppe; Pittaluga, Anna

2008-09-01

The effects of mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptor activation on the depolarization-evoked release of [3H]d-aspartate ([3H]D-ASP) from mouse cortical synaptosomes were investigated. The mGlu1/5 receptor agonist 3,5-DHPG (0.1-100microM) potentiated the K+(12mM)-evoked [3H]D-ASP overflow. The potentiation occurred in a concentration-dependent manner showing a biphasic pattern. The agonist potentiated [3H]D-ASP exocytosis when applied at 0.3microM; the efficacy of 3,5-DHPG then rapidly declined and reappeared at 30-100microM. The fall of efficacy of agonist at intermediate concentration may be consistent with 3,5-DHPG-induced receptor desensitization. Facilitation of [3H]D-ASP exocytosis caused by 0.3microM 3,5-DHPG was prevented by the selective mGlu5 receptor antagonist MPEP, but was insensitive to the selective mGlu1 receptor antagonist CPCCOEt. In contrast, CPCCOEt prevented the potentiation by 50microM 3,5-DHPG, while MPEP had minimal effect. Unexpectedly, LY 367385 antagonized both the 3,5-DHPG-induced effects. A total of 0.3microM 3,5-DHPG failed to facilitate the K+-evoked [3H]D-ASP overflow from mGlu5 receptor knockout (mGlu5-/-) cortical synaptosomes, but not from nerve terminals prepared from the cortex of animals lacking the mGlu1 receptors, the crv4/crv4 mice. On the contrary, 50microM 3,5-DHPG failed to affect the [3H]D-ASP exocytosis from cortical synaptosomes obtained from crv4/crv4 and mGlu5-/-mice. Western blot analyses in subsynaptic fractions support the existence of both mGlu1 and mGlu5 autoreceptors located presynaptically, while immunocytochemistry revealed their presence at glutamatergic terminals. We propose that mGlu1 and mGlu5 autoreceptors exist on mouse glutamatergic cortical terminals; mGlu5 receptors may represent the "high affinity" binding sites for 3,5-DHPG, while mGlu1 autoreceptors represent the "low affinity" binding sites.
The relation between atrial septal defect shape, diameter, and area using three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography and balloon sizing during percutaneous closure in children.

PubMed

Hascoet, Sébastien; Hadeed, Khaled; Marchal, Pauline; Dulac, Yves; Alacoque, Xavier; Heitz, Francois; Acar, Philippe

2015-07-01

A trans-catheter closure of an atrial septal defect (ASD) is efficient. Balloon sizing (BS) during the catheterization leads to an overestimation of ASD size. Three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) allows the ASD morphology to be assessed comprehensively. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between the shape and the measurements of ASDs by 2D-, 3D-TEE, and BS in children. Thirty children who underwent percutaneous closures of a single ASD were enrolled. ASD diameters were measured by 2D-transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), 2D-TEE, 3D-TEE and compared with BS. The ASD area was measured on 3D-TEE images after multi-planar reconstruction. ASD was estimated as round or oval on 3D-TEE 'en-face' view. 2D-TTE, 2D-TEE, and 3D-TEE(max) ASD diameters were well correlated with BS (r = 0.75; 0.80, and 0.85, respectively). Mean diameters were all significantly smaller than the mean BS. The mean difference between the balloon area and 3D-TEE area was 1.6 ± 1.4 cm(2) (P < 0.0001). The mean difference between BS and 3D-TEE(max) diameters was higher in round ASDs than in oval ASDs (4.0 ± 3.3 vs. 1.1 ± 3.3, P = 0.02). With multivariate linear regression analysis, two formulas were built to predict BS. The first model was BS = 1.07 × 3D-TEE(max)- 3.1 × ASDshape + 3. The ASD shape was 0 for round and 1 for oval ASDs. A second model was BS = 4.5 × ASDarea + 11.5. The ASD shape is accurately estimated by 3D-TEE and influences the relationship between echocardiographic measurements and BS. The ASD shape, its maximal diameter and the area assessed by 3D-TEE may be sufficient to determine the device size without BS in children. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2015. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Luminescent properties of Tb3+- doped TeO2-WO3-GeO2 glasses for green laser applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Subrahmanyam, T.; Rama Gopal, K.; Padma Suvarna, R.; Jamalaiah, B. C.; Vijaya Kumar, M. V.

2018-06-01

Different concentrations of Tb3+ -doped oxyfluoro tellurite (TWGTb) glasses were prepared by conventional melt quenching technique and characterized for green laser applications. The Judd-Ofelt theory was applied to evaluate various spectroscopic and radiative parameters. The TWGTb glasses exhibit 5D3 → 7F5-3 and 5D4 → 7F6-0 transitions when excited at 316 nm radiation. The variation of intensity of 5D4 → 7F5 (Green) and 5D3 → 7F4 (Blue) transitions and the green to blue (IG/IB) intensity ratios were studied as a function of Tb3+ ions concentration. The laser characteristic parameters such as effective bandwidth (Δλeff), stimulated emission cross-section (σe), gain bandwidth (σe × Δλeff) and optical gain (σe × τR) were determined using the three phenomenological Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters. The fluorescence decay profiles of 5D4 metastable level exhibit single-exponential nature for all the samples. Based on the experimental results we suggest that the 1.0 mol% of Tb3+ -doped TWGTb glass could be a suitable laser host material to emit intense green luminescence at 545 nm.
Acetylated flavonoid glycosides potentiating NGF action from Scoparia dulcis.

PubMed

Li, Yushan; Chen, Xigui; Satake, Masayuki; Oshima, Yasukatsu; Ohizumi, Yasushi

2004-04-01

Three new acetylated flavonoid glycosides, 5,6,4'-trihydroxyflavone 7-O-alpha-L-2,3-di-O-acetylrhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), apigenin 7-O-alpha-L-3-O-acetylrhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), and apigenin 7-O-alpha-L-2,3-di-O-acetylrhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), were isolated from Scoparia dulcis together with the known compound eugenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (4). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 2 and 3 showed an enhancing activity of nerve growth factor-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12D cells.
Impact of D-Dimer for Prediction of Incident Occult Cancer in Patients with Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism

PubMed Central

Han, Donghee; ó Hartaigh, Bríain; Lee, Ji Hyun; Cho, In-Jeong; Shim, Chi Young; Chang, Hyuk-Jae; Hong, Geu-Ru; Ha, Jong-Won; Chung, Namsik

2016-01-01

Background Unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) is related to a higher incidence of occult cancer. D-dimer is clinically used for screening VTE, and has often been shown to be present in patients with malignancy. We explored the predictive value of D-dimer for detecting occult cancer in patients with unprovoked VTE. Methods We retrospectively examined data from 824 patients diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary thromboembolism. Of these, 169 (20.5%) patients diagnosed with unprovoked VTE were selected to participate in this study. D-dimer was categorized into three groups as: <2,000, 2,000–4,000, and >4,000 ng/ml. Cox regression analysis was employed to estimate the odds of occult cancer and metastatic state of cancer according to D-dimer categories. Results During a median 5.3 (interquartile range: 3.4–6.7) years of follow-up, 24 (14%) patients with unprovoked VTE were diagnosed with cancer. Of these patients, 16 (67%) were identified as having been diagnosed with metastatic cancer. Log transformed D-dimer levels were significantly higher in those with occult cancer as compared with patients without diagnosis of occult cancer (3.5±0.5 vs. 3.2±0.5, P-value = 0.009, respectively). D-dimer levels >4,000 ng/ml was independently associated with occult cancer (HR: 4.12, 95% CI: 1.54–11.04, P-value = 0.005) when compared with D-dimer levels <2,000 ng/ml, even after adjusting for age, gender, and type of VTE (e.g., deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary thromboembolism). D-dimer levels >4000 ng/ml were also associated with a higher likelihood of metastatic cancer (HR: 9.55, 95% CI: 2.46–37.17, P-value <0.001). Conclusion Elevated D-dimer concentrations >4000 ng/ml are independently associated with the likelihood of occult cancer among patients with unprovoked VTE. PMID:27073982
Impact of D-Dimer for Prediction of Incident Occult Cancer in Patients with Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism.

PubMed

Han, Donghee; ó Hartaigh, Bríain; Lee, Ji Hyun; Cho, In-Jeong; Shim, Chi Young; Chang, Hyuk-Jae; Hong, Geu-Ru; Ha, Jong-Won; Chung, Namsik

2016-01-01

Unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) is related to a higher incidence of occult cancer. D-dimer is clinically used for screening VTE, and has often been shown to be present in patients with malignancy. We explored the predictive value of D-dimer for detecting occult cancer in patients with unprovoked VTE. We retrospectively examined data from 824 patients diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary thromboembolism. Of these, 169 (20.5%) patients diagnosed with unprovoked VTE were selected to participate in this study. D-dimer was categorized into three groups as: <2,000, 2,000-4,000, and >4,000 ng/ml. Cox regression analysis was employed to estimate the odds of occult cancer and metastatic state of cancer according to D-dimer categories. During a median 5.3 (interquartile range: 3.4-6.7) years of follow-up, 24 (14%) patients with unprovoked VTE were diagnosed with cancer. Of these patients, 16 (67%) were identified as having been diagnosed with metastatic cancer. Log transformed D-dimer levels were significantly higher in those with occult cancer as compared with patients without diagnosis of occult cancer (3.5±0.5 vs. 3.2±0.5, P-value = 0.009, respectively). D-dimer levels >4,000 ng/ml was independently associated with occult cancer (HR: 4.12, 95% CI: 1.54-11.04, P-value = 0.005) when compared with D-dimer levels <2,000 ng/ml, even after adjusting for age, gender, and type of VTE (e.g., deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary thromboembolism). D-dimer levels >4000 ng/ml were also associated with a higher likelihood of metastatic cancer (HR: 9.55, 95% CI: 2.46-37.17, P-value <0.001). Elevated D-dimer concentrations >4000 ng/ml are independently associated with the likelihood of occult cancer among patients with unprovoked VTE.

Theoretical study on p-type D-π-A sensitizers with modified π-spacers for dye-sensitized solar cells.

PubMed

Yan, Wen; Chaitanya, Kadali; Sun, Zhi-Dan; Ju, Xue-Hai

2018-02-24

Based on a prototype sensitizer W2, we designed triarylamine-based p-type sensitizers W2-1 to W2-7 that contain modified π-spacers (π'), a π-spacer and two anchors. For W2-1 to W2-4, instead of 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole in W2, thieno[3,4-b]-1,4-dioxin, thiophene, thieno[3,4-c][1,2,5]thiadizole, thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole are π' and thiophene as π-spacer. For W2-5 to W2-8, π' and π are same, with 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, thieno[3,4-b]-1,4-dioxin, thieno[3,4-c][1,2,5]thiadiazo, thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole, respectively, as the π'-spacers. Structure optimization, electronic level and absorption characters were calculated with density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311G (d,p). The solvent effect was involved using a polarized continuum model in chloroform. The results showed that the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital guarantee sufficient hole injection (lower than -0.2 eV), and dye regeneration (lower than -0.2 eV). W2-4 has higher light-harvesting efficiency (LHE) (0.994) and larger overlap with the visible light from 400 nm to 600 nm. Finally, the results suggest that the driving force of hole injection, dye regeneration and charge recombination (ΔG inj , ΔG reg and ΔG CR ) of W2-4 are the best, with more negative ΔG inj (-4.33), ΔG reg (-1.74) and more positive ΔG CR (1.92). Replacing 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole with thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole as π'-spacers is a effective way to improve the performance of the dyes. An introduction of thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole group can improve the absorption ability and hinder charge recombination. Graphical abstract Absorption spectra of p-type D-π-A sensitizers with modified π-spacers.
Differentiation and Distributions of DNA/Cisplatin Crosslinks by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation Mass Spectrometry

PubMed Central

Xu, Zhe; Brodbelt, Jennifer S.

2013-01-01

Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) mass spectrometry was developed to investigate the distributions of intrastrand crosslinks formed between cisplatin and two oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), d(A1T2G3G4G5T6A7C8C9C10A11T12) (G3-D) and its analog d(A1T2G3G4G5T6T7C8C9C10A11T12) (G3-H), that have been reported to adopt different secondary structures in solution. Based on the formation of site-specific fragment ions upon IRMPD, two isobaric crosslink products were differentiated for each ODN. The preferential formation of G3G4 and G4G5 crosslinks was determined as a function of reaction conditions, including incubation temperature and presence of metal ions. G3-D consistently exhibited a greater preference for formation of the G4G5 crosslink compared to the G3-H ODN. The ratio of G3G4:G4G5 crosslinks increased for both G3-D and G3-H at higher incubation temperatures or when metal salts were added. Comparison of the IRMPD fragmentation patterns of the unmodified ODNs and the intramolecular platinated crosslinks indicated that backbone cleavage was significantly suppressed near the crosslink. PMID:24135806
Effects of tree nuts on blood lipids, apolipoproteins, and blood pressure: systematic review, meta-analysis, and dose-response of 61 controlled intervention trials123

PubMed Central

Del Gobbo, Liana C; Falk, Michael C; Feldman, Robin; Lewis, Kara; Mozaffarian, Dariush

2015-01-01

Background: The effects of nuts on major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including dose-responses and potential heterogeneity by nut type or phytosterol content, are not well established. Objectives: We examined the effects of tree nuts (walnuts, pistachios, macadamia nuts, pecans, cashews, almonds, hazelnuts, and Brazil nuts) on blood lipids [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides], lipoproteins [apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and apolipoprotein B100], blood pressure, and inflammation (C-reactive protein) in adults aged ≥18 y without prevalent CVD. Design: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Two investigators screened 1301 potentially eligible PubMed articles in duplicate. We calculated mean differences between nut intervention and control arms, dose-standardized to one 1-oz (28.4 g) serving/d, by using inverse-variance fixed-effects meta-analysis. Dose-response for nut intake was examined by using linear regression and fractional polynomial modeling. Heterogeneity by age, sex, background diet, baseline risk factors, nut type, disease condition, duration, and quality score was assessed with meta-regression. Publication bias was evaluated by using funnel plots and Egger’s and Begg’s tests. Results: Sixty-one trials met eligibility criteria (n = 2582). Interventions ranged from 3 to 26 wk. Nut intake (per serving/d) lowered total cholesterol (−4.7 mg/dL; 95% CI: −5.3, −4.0 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (−4.8 mg/dL; 95% CI: −5.5, −4.2 mg/dL), ApoB (−3.7 mg/dL; 95% CI: −5.2, −2.3 mg/dL), and triglycerides (−2.2 mg/dL; 95% CI: −3.8, −0.5 mg/dL) with no statistically significant effects on other outcomes. The dose-response between nut intake and total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was nonlinear (P-nonlinearity < 0.001 each); stronger effects were observed for ≥60 g nuts/d. Significant heterogeneity was not observed by nut type or other factors. For ApoB, stronger effects were observed in populations with type 2 diabetes (−11.5 mg/dL; 95% CI: −16.2, −6.8 mg/dL) than in healthy populations (−2.5 mg/dL; 95% CI: −4.7, −0.3 mg/dL) (P-heterogeneity = 0.015). Little evidence of publication bias was found. Conclusions: Tree nut intake lowers total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, ApoB, and triglycerides. The major determinant of cholesterol lowering appears to be nut dose rather than nut type. Our findings also highlight the need for investigation of possible stronger effects at high nut doses and among diabetic populations. PMID:26561616
Supersymmetric electric-magnetic duality in D =3 +3 and D =5 +5 dimensions as foundation of self-dual supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nishino, Hitoshi; Rajpoot, Subhash

2016-05-01

We present electric-magnetic (EM)-duality formulations for non-Abelian gauge groups with N =1 supersymmetry in D =3 +3 and 5 +5 space-time dimensions. We show that these systems generate self-dual N =1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SDSYM) theory in D =2 +2 . For a N =2 supersymmetric EM-dual system in D =3 +3 , we have the Yang-Mills multiplet (Aμ I,λA I) and a Hodge-dual multiplet (Bμν ρ I,χA I) , with an auxiliary tensors Cμν ρ σ I and Kμ ν. Here, I is the adjoint index, while A is for the doublet of S p (1 ). The EM-duality conditions are Fμν I=(1 /4 !)ɛμν ρ σ τ λGρσ τ λ I with its superpartner duality condition λA I=-χA I . Upon appropriate dimensional reduction, this system generates SDSYM in D =2 +2 . This system is further generalized to D =5 +5 with the EM-duality condition Fμν I=(1 /8 !)ɛμν ρ1⋯ρ8Gρ1⋯ρ8 I with its superpartner condition λI=-χI . Upon appropriate dimensional reduction, this theory also generates SDSYM in D =2 +2 . As long as we maintain Lorentz covariance, D =5 +5 dimensions seems to be the maximal space-time dimensions that generate SDSYM in D =2 +2 . Namely, EM-dual system in D =5 +5 serves as the Master Theory of all supersymmetric integrable models in dimensions 1 ≤D ≤3 .
Lattice Boltzmann Method for 3-D Flows with Curved Boundary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mei, Renwei; Shyy, Wei; Yu, Dazhi; Luo, Li-Shi

2002-01-01

In this work, we investigate two issues that are important to computational efficiency and reliability in fluid dynamics applications of the lattice, Boltzmann equation (LBE): (1) Computational stability and accuracy of different lattice Boltzmann models and (2) the treatment of the boundary conditions on curved solid boundaries and their 3-D implementations. Three athermal 3-D LBE models (D3QI5, D3Ql9, and D3Q27) are studied and compared in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and robustness. The boundary treatment recently developed by Filippova and Hanel and Met et al. in 2-D is extended to and implemented for 3-D. The convergence, stability, and computational efficiency of the 3-D LBE models with the boundary treatment for curved boundaries were tested in simulations of four 3-D flows: (1) Fully developed flows in a square duct, (2) flow in a 3-D lid-driven cavity, (3) fully developed flows in a circular pipe, and (4) a uniform flow over a sphere. We found that while the fifteen-velocity 3-D (D3Ql5) model is more prone to numerical instability and the D3Q27 is more computationally intensive, the 63Q19 model provides a balance between computational reliability and efficiency. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrated that the boundary treatment for 3-D arbitrary curved geometry has second-order accuracy and possesses satisfactory stability characteristics.
Quantitation and bitter taste contribution of saponins in fresh and cooked white asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.).

PubMed

Dawid, Corinna; Hofmann, Thomas

2014-02-15

A sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method was developed enabling the simultaneous quantification of bitter-tasting mono- and bidesmosidic saponins in fresh and processed asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.). Based on quantitative data and bitter taste recognition thresholds, dose-over-threshold factors were determined for the first time to determine the bitter impact of the individual saponins. Although 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-(25R/S)-spirost-5-ene-3β-ol was found based on dose-over-threshold factors to be the predominant bitter saponin in raw asparagus spears, 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)}-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-26-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl]-(25R)-22-hydroxyfurost-5-ene-3β,26-diol, 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)}-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-26-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl]-(25S)-22-hydroxyfurost-5-ene-3β,26-diol, and (25R)- and (25S)-furost-5-en-3β,22,26-triol-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside]-26-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were found as key bitter contributors after cooking. Interestingly, the monodesmosidic saponins 5a/b were demonstrated for the first time to be the major contributor to the bitter taste of fresh asparagus spears, while the bidesmosides 1a/b and 2a/b may be considered the primary determinants for the bitter taste of cooked asparagus. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Requirement for distinct Janus kinases and STAT proteins in T cell proliferation versus IFN-gamma production following IL-12 stimulation.

PubMed

Ahn, H J; Tomura, M; Yu, W G; Iwasaki, M; Park, W R; Hamaoka, T; Fujiwara, H

1998-12-01

While IL-12 is known to activate JAK2 and TYK2 and induce the phosphorylation of STAT4 and STAT3, little is known regarding how the activation of these signaling molecules is related to the biologic effects of IL-12. Using an IL-12-responsive T cell clone (2D6), we investigated their requirements for proliferation and IFN-gamma production of 2D6 cells. 2D6 cells could be maintained with either IL-12 or IL-2. 2D6 lines maintained with IL-12 (2D6(IL-12)) or IL-2 (2D6(IL-2)) exhibited comparable levels of proliferation, but produced large or only small amounts of IFN-gamma, respectively, when restimulated with IL-12 after starvation of either cytokine. 2D6(IL-12) induced TYK2 and STAT4 phosphorylation. In contrast, their phosphorylation was marginally induced in 2D6(IL-2). The reduced STAT4 phosphorylation was due to a progressive decrease in the amount of STAT4 protein along with the passages in IL-2-containing medium. 2D6(IL-12) and 2D6(IL-2) similarly proliferating in response to IL-12 induced comparable levels of JAK2 activation and STAT5 phosphorylation. JAK2 was associated with STAT5, and IL-12-induced STAT5 phosphorylation was elicited in the absence of JAK3 activation. These results indicate that IL-12 has the capacity to induce/maintain STAT4 and STAT5 proteins, and that TYK2 and JAK2 activation correlate with STAT4 phosphorylation/IFN-gamma induction and STAT5 phosphorylation/cellular proliferation, respectively.
Nona-coordinated chiral Eu(III) complexes with stereoselective ligand-ligand noncovalent interactions for enhanced circularly polarized luminescence.

PubMed

Harada, Takashi; Tsumatori, Hiroyuki; Nishiyama, Katsura; Yuasa, Junpei; Hasegawa, Yasuchika; Kawai, Tsuyoshi

2012-06-18

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of chiral Eu(III) complexes with nona- and octa-coordinated structures, [Eu(R/S-iPr-Pybox)(D-facam)(3)] (1-R/1-S; R/S-iPr-Pybox, 2,6-bis(4R/4S-isopropyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)pyridine; D-facam, 3-trifluoroacetyl-d-camphor), [Eu(S,S-Me-Ph-Pybox)(D-facam)(3)] (2-SS; S,S-Me-Ph-Pybox, 2,6-bis(4S-methyl-5S-phenyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)pyridine), and [Eu(Phen)(D-facam)(3)] (3; Phen, 1,10-phenanthroline) are reported, and their structural features are discussed on the basis of X-ray crystallographic analyses. These chiral Eu(III) complexes showed relatively intense photoluminescence due to their (5)D(0) → (7)F(1) (magnetic-dipole) and (5)D(0) → (7)F(2) (electric-dipole) transition. The dissymmetry factors of CPL (g(CPL)) at the former band of 1-R and 1-S were as large as -1.0 and -0.8, respectively, while the g(CPL) of 3 at the (5)D(0) → (7)F(1) transition was relatively small (g(CPL) = -0.46). X-ray crystallographic data indicated specific ligand-ligand hydrogen bonding in these compounds which was expected to stabilize their chiral structures even in solution phase. CPL properties of 1-R and 1-S were discussed in terms of transition nature of lanthanide luminescence.
Reduced-fat Gouda-type cheese enriched with vitamin D3 effectively prevents vitamin D deficiency during winter months in postmenopausal women in Greece.

PubMed

Manios, Yannis; Moschonis, George; Mavrogianni, Christina; van den Heuvel, Eghm; Singh-Povel, Cécile M; Kiely, Mairead; Cashman, Kevin D

2017-10-01

The primary aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of daily consumption of vitamin D 3 -enriched, reduced-fat Gouda-type cheese on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration in postmenopausal women. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) indices were examined as secondary outcomes. This is a single-blinded (i.e., to study participants), randomized, controlled food-based dietary intervention study. A sample of 79 postmenopausal women (55-75 years old) was randomized either to a control group (CG: n = 39) or an intervention group (IG: n = 40) that consumed, as part of their usual diet, 60 g of either non-enriched or vitamin D 3 enriched Gouda-type cheese, respectively, for eight consecutive weeks (i.e., from January to March 2015). Sixty grams of enriched cheese provided a daily dose of 5.7 μg of vitamin D 3 . There was a differential response of mean (95 % CI) serum 25(OH)D levels in the IG and CG, with the former increasing and the latter decreasing significantly over the eight weeks of the trial [i.e., by 5.1 (3.4, 6.9) nmol/L vs. -4.6 (-6.4, -2.8) nmol/L, P < 0.001, respectively]. The percentages of study participants with 25(OH)D levels <30 (deficiency) and <50 nmol/L (insufficiency) were significantly higher at follow-up in the CG compared to the IG (41.0 vs. 0 %, P < 0.001 and 74.4 vs. 47.5 %, P < 0.001, respectively). The emotional well-being scale of the HRQL score increased in the IG compared to a decrease in the CG (3.2 vs. -3.8, P = 0.028). However, none of the other seven scales of the HRQL score significantly differentiated between study groups (P > 0.1). Consumption of 60 g of vitamin D 3 -enriched, reduced-fat Gouda-type cheese provided a daily dose of 5.7 μg of additional vitamin D 3 and was effective in increasing mean serum 25(OH)D concentration and in counteracting vitamin D deficiency during winter months in postmenopausal women in Greece.
Distinct Spatiotemporal Expression of Serine Proteases Prss23 and Prss35 in Periimplantation Mouse Uterus and Dispensable Function of Prss35 in Fertility

PubMed Central

Diao, Honglu; Xiao, Shuo; Li, Rong; Zhao, Fei; Ye, Xiaoqin

2013-01-01

PRSS23 and PRSS35 are homologous proteases originally identified in mouse ovaries. In the periimplantation mouse uterus, Prss23 was highly expressed in the preimplantation gestation day 3.5 (D3.5) uterine luminal epithelium (LE). It disappeared from the postimplantation LE and reappeared in the stromal compartment next to the myometrium on D6.5. It was undetectable in the embryo from D4.5 to D6.5 but highly expressed in the embryo on D7.5. Prss35 became detectable in the uterine stromal compartment surrounding the embryo on D4.5 and shifted towards the mesometrial side of the stromal compartment next to the embryo from D5.5 to D7.5. In the ovariectomized uterus, Prss23 was moderately and Prss35 was dramatically downregulated by progesterone and 17β-estradiol. Based on the expression of Prss35 in granulosa cells and corpus luteum of the ovary and the early pregnant uterus, we hypothesized that PRSS35 might play a role in female reproduction, especially in oocyte development, ovulation, implantation, and decidualization. This hypothesis was tested in Prss35(−/−) mice, which proved otherwise. Between wild type (WT) and Prss35(−/−) mice, superovulation of immature females produced comparable numbers of cumulus-oocyte complexes; there were comparable numbers of implantation sites detected on D4.5 and D7.5; there were no obvious differences in the expression of implantation and decidualization marker genes in D4.5 or D7.5 uteri. Comparable mRNA expression levels of a few known protease-related genes in the WT and Prss35(−/−) D4.5 uteri indicated no compensatory upregulation. Comparable litter sizes from WT × WT and Prss35 (−/−)× Prss35 (−/−) crosses suggested that Prss35 gene was unessential for fertility and embryo development. Prss35 gene has been linked to cleft lip/palate in humans. However, no obvious such defects were observed in Prss35(−/−) mice. This study demonstrates the distinct expression of Prss23 and Prss35 in the periimplantation uterus and the dispensable role of Prss35 in fertility and embryo development. PMID:23451081
Follicular dynamics, circulating progesterone, and fertility in Holstein cows synchronized with reused intravaginal progesterone implants that were sanitized by autoclave or chemical disinfection.

PubMed

Melo, L F; Monteiro, P L J; Nascimento, A B; Drum, J N; Spies, C; Prata, A B; Wiltbank, M C; Sartori, R

2018-04-01

This experiment aimed to compare circulating progesterone (P4), follicular dynamics, and fertility during reuse of intravaginal P4 implants that were sanitized by autoclave or chemical disinfection in lactating Holstein cows submitted to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). For this, 123 primiparous and 226 multiparous cows from 2 farms, averaging (mean ± standard deviation) 163.9 ± 141.9 d in milk, 35.7 ± 11.3 kg of milk/d, and a body condition score of 2.9 ± 0.5, were enrolled in the study. Cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments using a completely randomized design and each cow received a reused implant (1.9 g of P4; previously used for 8 d) that was either autoclaved (AUT; n = 177) or chemically disinfected (CHEM; n = 172) on d -10. Also on d -10, cows received 2 mg of estradiol benzoate and 100 μg of GnRH. On d -3, cows received 25 mg of dinoprost (PGF 2α ). A second PGF 2α was given on d -2, along with 1 mg of estradiol cypionate and P4 implant removal. Cows received FTAI on d 0. A subset of cows (n = 143) was evaluated by ultrasound on d -10, -8, -6, -3, -2, 0, and 5 to identify ovarian structures, and blood was sampled on d -10, -3, and -2 for P4 concentrations by RIA. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed at d 32 and 60. Statistical analyses was performed using PROC-MIXED for continuous variables and PROC-GLIMMIX of SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) for binomial variables. The treatments did not differ in circulating P4 on d -10 or -3, but P4 was greater on d -2 in CHEM cows. Ovulation to the treatments on d -10 was associated with lower circulating P4 on d -10 (2.0 vs. 3.1 ng/mL) and resulted in greater P4 on d -3 (4.0 vs. 2.4 ng/mL) and more cows with a corpus luteum on d -3 (100 vs. 40%) than nonovulating cows. Cows that ovulated to d -10 treatments were more likely to have a synchronized new follicular wave (97.9 vs. 63.2%) and had an earlier wave emergence (1.9 vs. 2.6 d), resulting in less cows ovulating a persistent follicle (0.0 vs. 35.7%). Type of P4 implant, corpus luteum presence on d -10, and ovulation to d -10 treatments did not affect fertility (pregnancy per AI; P/AI). However, P/AI on farm A was greater than on farm B at 32 (40.8 vs. 27.8%) and 60 d (35.8 vs. 24.3%), independent of treatment. In conclusion, P4 implants with different P4 release patterns did not produce detectable differences in follicular dynamics, synchronization rate, or P/AI. Nevertheless, presence of corpus luteum or ovulation at the beginning of the FTAI protocol affected reproductive variables, such as timing and synchronization of follicular wave emergence, and size of the ovulatory follicle. Beyond that, more overall synchronized cows became pregnant to the FTAI protocol. Copyright © 2018 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Four coordination polymers based on 5-tert-butyl isophthalic acid and rigid bis(imidazol-1yl)benzene linkers: Synthesis, luminescence detection of acetone and optical properties

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arıcı, Mürsel, E-mail: marici@ogu.edu.tr; Zafer Yeşilel, Okan; Büyükgüngör, Orhan

Four coordination polymers including, [Co(µ-Htbip){sub 2}(µ-dib)]{sub n} (1), [Co(µ-tbip)(µ-dmib){sub 0.5}]{sub n} (2), [Zn{sub 2}(µ-tbip)(µ{sub 3}-tbip)(µ-dmib){sub 1.5}]{sub n} (3) and [Cd(µ{sub 3}-tbip)(µ-dib){sub 0.5} (H{sub 2}O)]{sub n} (4) (tbip: 5-tert-butylisophthalate, dib: 1,4-bis(imidazol-1yl)benzene, dmib: 1,4-bis(imidazol-1yl)-2,5-dimethylbenzene), were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis (TG/DTA). The structural diversity is observed depending on ligands and coordination number of metal centers in the synthesized complexes. The tbip ligand displayed five different coordination modes in its complexes. In 1 and 2, complex 1 is 3D framework with the dia topology while complex 2 has 2D structuremore » with the sql topology depending on coordination geometries of Co ions. Complex 3 is 3D framework with the fsh 4,6-conn topology and complex 4 has 2D 4-connected sql topology. Photoluminescent properties of complex 3 dispersed in various organic solvents were investigated and the results showed that 3 dispersed in methanol could be used as a fluorescent sensor for the detection of acetone. Moreover, thermal and optical properties of the complexes were also studied. - Graphical abstract: Four coordination polymers were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by various techniques. The complexes showed the structural diversity depending on ligands and coordination number of metal centers. The tbip ligand displayed four different coordination modes in its complexes. In 1 and 2, complexes 1 and 2 are 3D and 2D structures with the dia and sql topologies depending on coordination geometries of Co ions, respectively. Complexes 3 and 4 are 3D and 2D structures with the fsh 4,6-conn and sql topology, respectively. Photoluminescent properties of complex 3 dispersed in various organic solvents were investigated and the results showed that 3 dispersed in methanol could be used as a fluorescent sensor for the detection of acetone. Moreover, thermal and optical properties of the complexes were also studied. - Highlights: • Four new 2D and 3D coordination polymers with 5-tert-butyl isophthalic acid and rigid bis(imidazol-1yl)benzene linkers. • The structural diversity depending on ligands and coordination number of metal centers. • Fluorescent sensor for the detection of acetone.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yin, Wen-Yu; Zhuang, Guo-Yong; Huang, Zuo-Long

Three cadmium coordination polymers, [Cd(bismip)]{sub n} (1), {[Cd(bismip)(phen)]·H_2O}{sub n} (2) and {[Cd_2(bismip)_2(4,4′-bipy)]·2H_2O}{sub n} (3) (H{sub 2}bismip=5-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-ylsulfanylmethyl)-isophthalic acid, phen=1,10-phenanthroline, 4,4′-bipy=4,4′-bipyridine) have been prepared under solvothermal conditions. In 1, the [Cd{sub 4}(bismip){sub 3}] units are jointed by bismip ligands to afford a three-dimensional (3D) architecture. Complex 2 exhibits a 3D supramolecular framework based on the interconnection of 1D chains through hydrogen bonding interactions and π-π packing interactions. 3 is a two-fold interpenetrating 3D architecture with a (4·8{sup 2})(4{sup 2}·8{sup 4}) Schläfli symbol in which 2D layers are interlinked by 4,4′-bipy ligands. The diverse structures of compounds 1–3 indicate that the auxiliary ligandsmore » have significant effects on the final structures. The photoluminescent properties and photocatalytic properties of these coordination polymers in the solid state were also investigated. Remarkably, 3 shows the wide gap semiconductor nature and exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance. - Graphical abstract: Three cadmium coordination polymers with different architectures based on 5-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-ylsulfanylmethyl)-isophthalic acid have been prepared. Their photoluminescent properties were also investigated. - Highlights: • Three new Cd(II) Cps were synthesized based on H{sub 2}bismip. • Compounds 1 and 3 show 3D networks and 2 exhibits a 1D chain. • Compoud 3 exhibits good catalytic activity of methylene blue photodegradation.« less
Multi-Component synthesis and computational studies of three novel thio-barbituric acid carbohydrate derivatives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Stuti; Khare, Naveen K.

2017-01-01

The thio-barbituric acid is convenient starting compound for the preparation of fused heterocycles and its 5-substituted derivatives which are pharmacologically one of the most important classes of compounds. The fused compounds of thio-barbituric acid, 4-(1R,2S,3S,4S)-1,2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy pentyl-10-phenyl-1,3,6,8,9,10 hexahydro-2,7-dithiooxopyrido [2,3-d; 6,5'] dipyrimidine-4,5 diones (1), 4-(1S,2S,3S,4S)-1,2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy pentyl-10-phenyl-1,3,6,8,9,10 hexahydro-2,7-dithiooxopyrido [2,3-d; 6,5'] dipyrimidine-4,5 diones (2), 3-(1R,2S,3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxy butyl-10-phenyl-1,3,6,8,9,10 hexahydro-2,7-dithiooxopyrido [2,3-d; 6,5'] dipyrimidine-4,5 diones (3) have been synthesized in single step by the condensation of thio-barbituric acid with sugars (L-rhamnose, L-fucose and L-arabinose) & aniline using para-toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA) as an effective acid catalyst under refluxing conditions. The molecular structure and detailed spectroscopic analysis of all three novel synthesized thiones derivatives have been performed using experimental techniques like 1H, 13C NMR, 2D (COSY, HSQC, DEPT-135 and DEPT-90) as well as theoretical calculations by density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP and 6-311G + (d, p) basis set. The strength and nature of weak intramolecular interactions have been studied by atom in molecule (AIM) approach. Global reactivity descriptors have been computed to predict reactivity and reactive sites in the molecule.
Electronic band structure of 4d and 5d transition metal trichalcogenides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sugita, Yusuke; Miyake, Takashi; Motome, Yukitoshi

2018-05-01

Transition metal trichalcogenides (TMTs), a family of van der Waals materials, have gained increasing interests from the discovery of magnetism in few-layer forms. Although TMTs with 3d transition metal elements have been studied extensively, much less is explored for the 4d and 5d cases, where the interesting interplay between electron correlations and the relativistic spin-orbit coupling is expected. Using ab initio calculations, we here investigate the electronic property of TMTs with 4d and 5d transition metal elements. We show that the band structures exhibit multiple node-like features near the Fermi level. These are the remnant of multiple Dirac cones that were recently discovered in the monolayer cases. Our results indicate that the peculiar two-dimensional multiple Dirac cones are concealed even in the layered bulk systems.
Equatorial waves in temperature in the altitude range 4 to 70 km

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krishna Murthy, B. V.; Satheesan, K.; Parameswaran, K.; Sasi, M. N.; Ramkumar, Geetha; Bhavanikumar, Y.; Raghunath, K.; Krishniah, M.

2002-04-01

Using altitude profiles of temperature in the range 4 to 70 km derived from Mesosphere-Stratosphere- Troposphere radar and lidar observations at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E) from 18 January 1999 to 5 March 1999, characteristics of equatorial waves are studied. Two-dimensional Fourier-transform analysis of the temperature profiles is carried out to identify the periodicities and their vertical wave numbers. From the characteristics obtained, equatorial slow Kelvin waves with periodicities 15.7 d, 9.4 d, 7.8 d and 6.7 d are identified in the troposphere and stratosphere regions and among these 7.8 d and 6.7 d periodicities are found to penetrate into the mesosphere. Equatorial waves with smaller periodicities in the range 5.2 d to 3.6 d are also observed. The vertical flux of horizontal momentum (zonal) of the identified slow Kelvin-wave periodicities in the altitude region 4-25 km is estimated. It is found that equatorial waves modulate tropical tropopause temperature and altitude.
Vitamin D intake and serum vitamin D in ethnically diverse urban schoolchildren

PubMed Central

Au, Lauren E; Economos, Christina D; Goodman, Elizabeth; Must, Aviva; Chomitz, Virginia R; Sacheck, Jennifer M

2015-01-01

Objective Low serum vitamin D, which largely affects ethnic minorities, is associated with obesity and other chronic diseases. Little is known about racial/ethnic differences in intake, particularly in children, or if any differences are associated with differences in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). The objective of the present study was to determine whether racial/ethnic differences in dietary vitamin D intake exist and whether they explain differences in 25(OH)D. Design Vitamin D intakes (Block Kids 2004 FFQ) and 25(OH)D were measured. Race/ethnicity was parent-reported (white (37·9%), Hispanic (32·4%), black (8·3%), Asian (10·3%), multi-racial/other (11·0%)). Multivariable analyses were conducted to examine the associations among dietary vitamin D and race/ethnicity, as well as 25(OH)D, independent of BMI Z-score and other covariates. Setting Elementary/middle schools in Somerville, MA, USA, during January–April 2010. Subjects Schoolchildren (n 145) in 4th–8th grade. Results Only 2·1% met the 2011 RDA (15 µg/d (600 IU/d)). Average dietary intake was 3.5 (sd 2.2) µg/d (140 (sd 89·0) IU/d). No racial/ethnic differences in intake were evident. Most (83·4%) were 25(OH)D deficient (<20 ng/ml; 16·0 (sd 6·5) ng/ml). In ANOVA post hoc analyses, 25(OH)D levels were lower in Hispanics than whites (14·6 (sd 6·1) ng/ml v. 17·9 (sd 4·6) ng/ml; P< 0·01). Dietary vitamin D was associated with 25(OH)D overall (P< 0·05), but did not explain the racial/ethnic differences in 25(OH)D. Conclusions Most children in this north-east US sample did not meet dietary recommendations for vitamin D and were vitamin D deficient. Dietary vitamin D did not explain the difference in 25(OH)D between Hispanic and white children. Further research is needed to determine if changes in dietary vitamin D by race/ethnicity can impact 25(OH)D levels. PMID:22857261
3D carbon fiber mats/nano-Fe3O4 hybrid material with high electromagnetic shielding performance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhan, Yingqing; Long, Zhihang; Wan, Xinyi; Zhang, Jiemin; He, Shuangjiang; He, Yi

2018-06-01

To obtain high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials, structure and morphology are two key factors. We here developed an efficient and facial method to prepare high-performance 3D carbon nanofiber mats (CFM)/Fe3O4 hybrid electromagnetic shielding materials. For this purpose, the CFM were chemically modified by mussel-inspired poly-dopamine coating, which were further used as templates for decoration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles via solvothermal route. It was found that the Fe3O4 nano-spheres with diameters of 200-250 nm were uniformly coated on the surface of 3D carbon nanofibers. More importantly, the morphology and structure of resulting 3D carbon nanofiber mats/Fe3O4 hybrids could be easily controlled by altering the experiment parameters, which were examined by FT-IR, XPS, TGA, XRD, SEM, and TEM. The measured magnetic properties showed that saturation magnetism and coercivity increased from 13.4 to 39.7 emu/g and 85.3 to 104.6 Oe, respectively. The lowest reflectivity of resulting hybrid was calculated to be -47 dB at 10.0 GHz (2.5 mm). In addition, the reflectivity of 3D carbon nanofiber mats/Fe3O4 hybrid was less than -25 dB in the range of 7-13 GHz. Moreover, the resulting 3D carbon nanofiber mats/Fe3O4 hybrid exhibited an EMI shielding performance of -62.6 dB in the frequency range of 8.2-12.4 GHz. Therefore, 3D carbon fiber mats/Fe3O4 hybrids can be ideal EMI materials with strong absorption, low density, and wide absorption range.
Unique (3,8)-connected lanthanide arenedisulfonate metal-organic frameworks containing benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxylic acid co-ligand: Syntheses, structures and luminescence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Yan-Qiong; Liu, Qi; Zhong, Jie-Cen; Pan, Qun-Feng; Chen, Yi-Ping

2013-10-01

Two isostructural 3D lanthanide arenedisulfonate metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) [Ln(Hbidc)(nds)0.5(H2O)]n(Ln=Eu(1), La(2)) have been successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of lanthanide oxide with 2,6-naphthalenedisulfonate sodium (Na2nds) and an auxiliary ligand, 1H-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxylic acid (H3bidc). The two complexes are both constructed from 2D [Ln(Hbidc)]+ double layers pillared by nds2- ligands to generate 3D (3, 8)-connected open-framework structures with 1D long narrow channels running along the a axis. From topological point of view, the 3D framework is a (3, 8)-connected tfz-d net. The weak interactions including N-H⋯O, O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking are observed in 1. The 2D IR correlation spectroscopy was applied to study the molecular interactions induced by thermal perturbation. The emission spectra of 1 exhibit the characteristic transition of 5D0→7FJ(J=0-4) of Eu(III).
Rational Design, Pharmacomodulation, and Synthesis of Dual 5-Hydroxytryptamine 7 (5-HT7)/5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) Receptor Antagonists and Evaluation by [(18)F]-PET Imaging in a Primate Brain.

PubMed

Deau, Emmanuel; Robin, Elodie; Voinea, Raluca; Percina, Nathalie; Satała, Grzegorz; Finaru, Adriana-Luminita; Chartier, Agnès; Tamagnan, Gilles; Alagille, David; Bojarski, Andrzej J; Morisset-Lopez, Séverine; Suzenet, Franck; Guillaumet, Gérald

2015-10-22

We report the synthesis of 46 tertiary amine-bearing N-alkylated benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-ones, imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-ones, imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2(3H)-ones, benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-ones, oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-ones and N,N'-dialkylated benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-ones. These compounds were evaluated against 5-HT7R, 5-HT2AR, 5-HT1AR, and 5-HT6R as potent dual 5-HT7/5-HT2A serotonin receptors ligands. A thorough study of the structure-activity relationship of the aromatic rings and their substituents, the alkyl chain length and the tertiary amine was conducted. 1-(4-(4-(4-Fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one (79) and 1-(6-(4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl)hexyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one (81) were identified as full antagonist ligands on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, KB = 4.9 and 5.9 nM, respectively) and inositol monophosphate (IP1, KB = 0.6 and 16 nM, respectively) signaling pathways of 5-HT7R and 5-HT2AR. Both antagonists crossed the blood-brain barrier as evaluated with [(18)F] radiolabeled compounds [(18)F]79 and [(18)F]81 in a primate's central nervous system using positron emission tomography. Both radioligands showed standard uptake values ranging from 0.8 to 1.1, a good plasmatic stability, and a distribution consistent with 5-HT7R and 5-HT2AR in the CNS.

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