KSC-07pd2957

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-10-23

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Smoke and steam billow across Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center as space shuttle Discovery lifts off on mission STS-120 to the International Space Station. Liftoff was on time at 11:38:19 a.m. EDT. At far left behind the dead tree, a heron is startled by Discovery's roaring. Discovery carries the Italian-built U.S. Node 2, called Harmony. During the 14-day STS-120 mission, the crew will install Harmony and move the P6 solar arrays to their permanent position and deploy them. Discovery is expected to complete its mission and return home at 4:47 a.m. EST on Nov. 6. Photo credit: NASA/Sandra Joseph, Tony Gray & Robert Murray

BIVOUAC OF DEAD TABLET, “THE MUFFLED DRUM’S SAD ROLL HAS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

BIVOUAC OF DEAD TABLET, “THE MUFFLED DRUM’S SAD ROLL HAS BEAT,” SECTION 6. VIEW TO SOUTH. - Hot Springs National Cemetery, Virginia Medical Center 500 North Fifth Street, Hot Springs, Fall River County, SD

BIVOUAC OF DEAD TABLET, “YOUR OWN PROUD LAND’S,” AND RETAINING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

BIVOUAC OF DEAD TABLET, “YOUR OWN PROUD LAND’S,” AND RETAINING WALLS, SECTION 3. VIEW TO EAST. - Hot Springs National Cemetery, Virginia Medical Center 500 North Fifth Street, Hot Springs, Fall River County, SD

BIVOUAC OF DEAD TABLET, “NO VISION OF THE MORROW’S STRIFE,” ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

BIVOUAC OF DEAD TABLET, “NO VISION OF THE MORROW’S STRIFE,” SECTION 4. VIEW TO SOUTH. - Hot Springs National Cemetery, Virginia Medical Center 500 North Fifth Street, Hot Springs, Fall River County, SD

46 CFR 72.04-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this arc of... 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at least 22.5 degrees... bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main steering position, the field of...

46 CFR 72.04-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this arc of... 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at least 22.5 degrees... bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main steering position, the field of...

46 CFR 72.04-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this arc of... 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at least 22.5 degrees... bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main steering position, the field of...

Fast Light Optical Gyroscopes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, David D.

2015-01-01

Next-generation space missions are currently constrained by existing spacecraft navigation systems which are not fully autonomous. These systems suffer from accumulated dead-reckoning errors and must therefore rely on periodic corrections provided by supplementary technologies that depend on line-of-sight signals from Earth, satellites, or other celestial bodies for absolute attitude and position determination, which can be spoofed, incorrectly identified, occluded, obscured, attenuated, or insufficiently available. These dead-reckoning errors originate in the ring laser gyros themselves, which constitute inertial measurement units. Increasing the time for standalone spacecraft navigation therefore requires fundamental improvements in gyroscope technologies. One promising solution to enhance gyro sensitivity is to place an anomalous dispersion or fast light material inside the gyro cavity. The fast light essentially provides a positive feedback to the gyro response, resulting in a larger measured beat frequency for a given rotation rate as shown in figure 1. Game Changing Development has been investing in this idea through the Fast Light Optical Gyros (FLOG) project, a collaborative effort which began in FY 2013 between NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (AMRDEC), and Northwestern University. MSFC and AMRDEC are working on the development of a passive FLOG (PFLOG), while Northwestern is developing an active FLOG (AFLOG). The project has demonstrated new benchmarks in the state of the art for scale factor sensitivity enhancement. Recent results show cavity scale factor enhancements of approx.100 for passive cavities.

The medial frontal cortex contributes to but does not organize rat exploratory behavior.

PubMed

Blankenship, Philip A; Stuebing, Sarah L; Winter, Shawn S; Cheatwood, Joseph L; Benson, James D; Whishaw, Ian Q; Wallace, Douglas G

2016-11-12

Animals use multiple strategies to maintain spatial orientation. Dead reckoning is a form of spatial navigation that depends on self-movement cue processing. During dead reckoning, the generation of self-movement cues from a starting position to an animal's current position allow for the estimation of direction and distance to the position movement originated. A network of brain structures has been implicated in dead reckoning. Recent work has provided evidence that the medial frontal cortex may contribute to dead reckoning in this network of brain structures. The current study investigated the organization of rat exploratory behavior subsequent to medial frontal cortex aspiration lesions under light and dark conditions. Disruptions in exploratory behavior associated with medial frontal lesions were consistent with impaired motor coordination, response inhibition, or egocentric reference frame. These processes are necessary for spatial orientation; however, they are not sufficient for self-movement cue processing. Therefore it is possible that the medial frontal cortex provides processing resources that support dead reckoning in other brain structures but does not of itself compute the kinematic details of dead reckoning. Copyright © 2016 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

46 CFR 32.16-1 - Navigation bridge visibility-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this arc of... 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at least 22.5 degrees... bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main steering position, the field of...

46 CFR 32.16-1 - Navigation bridge visibility-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this arc of... 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at least 22.5 degrees... bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main steering position, the field of...

46 CFR 32.16-1 - Navigation bridge visibility-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this arc of... 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at least 22.5 degrees... bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main steering position, the field of...

STONE RETAINING WALL IN CEMETERY CENTER, WITH BIVOUAC OF THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

STONE RETAINING WALL IN CEMETERY CENTER, WITH BIVOUAC OF THE DEAD PLAQUE IN CENTER FOREGROUND. VIEW TO SOUTHEAST. - Fort Mackinac Post Cemetery, Mackinac State Park, Mackinac Island, Mackinac County, MI

Setting Dead at Zero: Applying Scale Properties to the QALY Model.

PubMed

Roudijk, Bram; Donders, A Rogier T; Stalmeier, Peep F M

2018-04-01

Scaling severe states can be a difficult task. First, the method of measurement affects whether a health state is considered better or worse than dead. Second, in discrete choice experiments, different models to anchor health states on 0 (dead) and 1 (perfect health) produce varying amounts of health states worse than dead. Within the context of the quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) model, this article provides insight into the value assigned to dead and its consequences for decision making. Our research questions are 1) what are the arguments set forth to assign dead the number 0 on the health-utility scale? And 2) what are the effects of the position of dead on the health-utility scale on decision making? A literature review was conducted to explore the arguments set forth to assign dead a value of 0 in the QALY model. In addition, scale properties and transformations were considered. The review uncovered several practical and theoretical considerations for setting dead at 0. In the QALY model, indifference between 2 health episodes is not preserved under changes of the origin of the duration scale. Ratio scale properties are needed for the duration scale to preserve indifferences. In combination with preferences and zero conditions for duration and health, it follows that dead should have a value of 0. The health-utility and duration scales have ratio scale properties, and dead should be assigned the number 0. Furthermore, the position of dead should be carefully established, because it determines how life-saving and life-improving values are weighed in cost-utility analysis.

An assessment of dead wood patterns and their relationships with biophysical characteristics in two landscapes with different disturbance histories in coastal Oregon, USA

Treesearch

Rebeccam S.H. Kennedy; Thomas A. Spies

2007-01-01

Understanding the relative importance of landscape history, topography, vegetation, and climate to dead wood patterns is important for assessing pattern-process relationships related to dead wood and associated biodiversity. We sampled dead wood at four topographic positions in two landscapes (1400 to 2100 km2) that experienced different wildfire...

Internal combustion engine

DOEpatents

Baker, Quentin A.; Mecredy, Henry E.; O'Neal, Glenn B.

1991-01-01

An improved engine is provided that more efficiently consumes difficult fuels such as coal slurries or powdered coal. The engine includes a precombustion chamber having a portion thereof formed by an ignition plug. The precombustion chamber is arranged so that when the piston is proximate the head, the precombustion chamber is sealed from the main cylinder or the main combustion chamber and when the piston is remote from the head, the precombustion chamber and main combustion chamber are in communication. The time for burning of fuel in the precombustion chamber can be regulated by the distance required to move the piston from the top dead center position to the position wherein the precombustion chamber and main combustion chamber are in communication.

Continued Investigation of Leakage and Power Loss Test Results for Competing Turbine Engine Seals

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-01

Pressure-balanced design Figure 3.—Annular seal made of Inconel 625 . Note, each grid square is 6.35 mm. Figure 4.—Four-knife labyrinth...seal made of Inconel 625 . NASA/TM—2006-214420 7 Figure 5.—Brush seal with flow deflector. Figure 6.—Finger seal design. NASA/TM—2006-214420 8...thermocouples are located at the 90° and 180° positions (0° is top-dead-center). Type-K thermocouples are used and all are 157 µm, Inconel sheath, closed

Fimbria-Fornix Lesions Disrupt the Dead Reckoning (Homing) Component of Exploratory Behavior in Mice

PubMed Central

Gorny, Joanna H.; Gorny, Bogdan; Wallace, Douglas G.; Whishaw, Ian Q.

2002-01-01

Exploration is the primary way in which rodents gather information about their spatial surroundings. Thus, spatial theories propose that damage to the hippocampus, a structure thought to play a fundamental role in spatial behavior, should disrupt exploration. Exploration in rats is organized. The animals create home bases that are central to exploratory excursions and returns, and hippocampal formation damage alters the organization of exploration by disrupting returns. Mice do not appear to readily establish home bases in novel environments, thus, for this species, it is more difficult to establish the contribution of the hippocampus to exploration. The purpose of the present study was threefold: develop a task in which mice center their exploration from a home base, determine whether the exploratory behavior is organized, and evaluate the role of fimbria-fornix lesions on exploration. Mice were given a novel exploratory task in which their nesting material was placed on a large circular table. Video records of control and fimbria-fornix mice were made in both light and dark (infrared light) conditions. Exploration patterns (outward trips, stops, and homeward trips) were reconstructed from the video records. Control mice centered their activity on their bedding, from which they made circuitous outward trips marked by many stops, and periodic direct returns. The bedding-centered behavior and outward trips of the fimbria-fornix mice were similar to those of the control mice, but significantly fewer direct return trips occurred. The direct homeward trips observed under light and dark conditions were consistent with a dead-reckoning strategy, in which an animal computes its present position and homeward trajectory from self-movement cues generated on the outward trip. Because the fimbria-fornix lesions disrupted the homeward component of exploratory trips, we conclude that the fimbria-fornix may contribute to dead reckoning in mice. The results also show that the home-bedding methodology facilitates the establishment of a home base by mice, thus providing a useful methodology for studies with mice. PMID:12464698

The NavTrax fleet management system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McLellan, James F.; Krakiwsky, Edward J.; Schleppe, John B.; Knapp, Paul L.

The NavTrax System, a dispatch-type automatic vehicle location and navigation system, is discussed. Attention is given to its positioning, communication, digital mapping, and dispatch center components. The positioning module is a robust GPS (Global Positioning System)-based system integrated with dead reckoning devices by a decentralized-federated filter, making the module fault tolerant. The error behavior and characteristics of GPS, rate gyro, compass, and odometer sensors are discussed. The communications module, as presently configured, utilizes UHF radio technology, and plans are being made to employ a digital cellular telephone system. Polling and automatic smart vehicle reporting are also discussed. The digital mapping component is an intelligent digital single line road network database stored in vector form with full connectivity and address ranges. A limited form of map matching is performed for the purposes of positioning, but its main purpose is to define location once position is determined.

Rigor mortis in an unusual position: Forensic considerations

PubMed Central

D’Souza, Deepak H; Harish, S; Rajesh, M.; Kiran, J

2011-01-01

We report a case in which the dead body was found with rigor mortis in an unusual position. The dead body was lying on its back with limbs raised, defying gravity. Direction of the salivary stains on the face was also defying the gravity. We opined that the scene of occurrence of crime is unlikely to be the final place where the dead body was found. The clues were revealing a homicidal offence and an attempt to destroy the evidence. The forensic use of ‘rigor mortis in an unusual position’ is in furthering the investigations, and the scientific confirmation of two facts - the scene of death (occurrence) is different from the scene of disposal of dead body, and time gap between the two places. PMID:23776792

A path reconstruction method integrating dead-reckoning and position fixes applied to humpback whales.

PubMed

Wensveen, Paul J; Thomas, Len; Miller, Patrick J O

2015-01-01

Detailed information about animal location and movement is often crucial in studies of natural behaviour and how animals respond to anthropogenic activities. Dead-reckoning can be used to infer such detailed information, but without additional positional data this method results in uncertainty that grows with time. Combining dead-reckoning with new Fastloc-GPS technology should provide good opportunities for reconstructing georeferenced fine-scale tracks, and should be particularly useful for marine animals that spend most of their time under water. We developed a computationally efficient, Bayesian state-space modelling technique to estimate humpback whale locations through time, integrating dead-reckoning using on-animal sensors with measurements of whale locations using on-animal Fastloc-GPS and visual observations. Positional observation models were based upon error measurements made during calibrations. High-resolution 3-dimensional movement tracks were produced for 13 whales using a simple process model in which errors caused by water current movements, non-location sensor errors, and other dead-reckoning errors were accumulated into a combined error term. Positional uncertainty quantified by the track reconstruction model was much greater for tracks with visual positions and few or no GPS positions, indicating a strong benefit to using Fastloc-GPS for track reconstruction. Compared to tracks derived only from position fixes, the inclusion of dead-reckoning data greatly improved the level of detail in the reconstructed tracks of humpback whales. Using cross-validation, a clear improvement in the predictability of out-of-set Fastloc-GPS data was observed compared to more conventional track reconstruction methods. Fastloc-GPS observation errors during calibrations were found to vary by number of GPS satellites received and by orthogonal dimension analysed; visual observation errors varied most by distance to the whale. By systematically accounting for the observation errors in the position fixes, our model provides a quantitative estimate of location uncertainty that can be appropriately incorporated into analyses of animal movement. This generic method has potential application for a wide range of marine animal species and data recording systems.

Cochlear Dead Regions in Typical Hearing Aid Candidates: Prevalence and Implications for Use of High-Frequency Speech Cues

PubMed Central

Cox, Robyn M; Alexander, Genevieve C; Johnson, Jani; Rivera, Izel

2011-01-01

We investigated the prevalence of cochlear dead regions in listeners with hearing losses similar to those of many hearing aid wearers, and explored the impact of these dead regions on speech perception. Prevalence of dead regions was assessed using the Threshold Equalizing Noise test (TEN(HL)). Speech recognition was measured using high-frequency emphasis (HFE) Quick Speech In Noise (QSIN) test stimuli and low-pass filtered HFE QSIN stimuli. About one third of subjects tested positive for a dead region at one or more frequencies. Also, groups without and with dead regions both benefited from additional high-frequency speech cues. PMID:21522068

Method and apparatus for planar drag strip casting

DOEpatents

Powell, John C.; Campbell, Steven L.

1991-01-01

The present invention is directed to an improved process and apparatus for strip casting. The combination of a planar flow casting nozzle positioned back from the top dead center position with an attached nozzle extension, provides an increased level of casting control and quality. The nozzle extension provides a means of containing the molten pool above the rotating substrate to increase the control of molten metal at the edges of the strip and increase the range of coating thicknesses which may be produced. The level of molten metal in the containment means is regulated to be above the level of melt supplying the casting nozzle which produces a condition of planar drag flow with the casting substrate prior to solidification.

Method and apparatus for planar drag strip casting

DOEpatents

Powell, J.C.; Campbell, S.L.

1991-11-12

The present invention is directed to an improved process and apparatus for strip casting. The combination of a planar flow casting nozzle positioned back from the top dead center position with an attached nozzle extension, provides an increased level of casting control and quality. The nozzle extension provides a means of containing the molten pool above the rotating substrate to increase the control of molten metal at the edges of the strip and increase the range of coating thicknesses which may be produced. The level of molten metal in the containment means is regulated to be above the level of melt supplying the casting nozzle which produces a condition of planar drag flow with the casting substrate prior to solidification. 5 figures.

A Dead Star's Ghostly Glow

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

The eerie glow of a dead star, which exploded long ago as a supernova, reveals itself in this NASA Hubble image of the Crab Nebula. But don't be fooled. The ghoulish-looking object still has a pulse. Buried at its center is the star's tell-tale heart, which beats with rhythmic precision. Credits: NASA and ESA, Acknowledgment: M. Weisskopf/Marshall Space Flight Center go.nasa.gov/2faTQ0V Credits: NASA and ESA, Acknowledgment: M. Weisskopf/Marshall Space Flight Center NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Method of combustion for dual fuel engine

DOEpatents

Hsu, Bertrand D.; Confer, Gregory L.; Shen, Zujing; Hapeman, Martin J.; Flynn, Paul L.

1993-12-21

Apparatus and a method of introducing a primary fuel, which may be a coal water slutty, and a high combustion auxiliary fuel, which may be a conventional diesel oil, into an internal combustion diesel engine comprises detecting the load conditions of the engine, determining the amount of time prior to the top dead center position of the piston to inject the main fuel into the combustion chamber, and determining the relationship of the timing of the injection of the auxiliary fuel into the combustion chamber to achieve a predetermined specific fuel consumption, a predetermined combustion efficiency, and a predetermined peak cylinder firing pressure.

Particular mechanism for continuously varying the compression ratio for an internal combustion engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raţiu, S.; Cătălinoiu, R.; Alexa, V.; Miklos, I.; Cioată, V.

2018-01-01

Variable compression ratio (VCR) is a technology to adjust the compression ratio of an internal combustion engine while the engine is in operation. The paper proposes the presentation of a particular mechanism allowing the position of the top dead centre to be changed, while the position of the bottom dead centre remains fixed. The kinematics of the mechanism is studied and its trajectories are graphically represented for different positions of operation.

An Improved BLE Indoor Localization with Kalman-Based Fusion: An Experimental Study

PubMed Central

Röbesaat, Jenny; Zhang, Peilin; Abdelaal, Mohamed; Theel, Oliver

2017-01-01

Indoor positioning has grasped great attention in recent years. A number of efforts have been exerted to achieve high positioning accuracy. However, there exists no technology that proves its efficacy in various situations. In this paper, we propose a novel positioning method based on fusing trilateration and dead reckoning. We employ Kalman filtering as a position fusion algorithm. Moreover, we adopt an Android device with Bluetooth Low Energy modules as the communication platform to avoid excessive energy consumption and to improve the stability of the received signal strength. To further improve the positioning accuracy, we take the environmental context information into account while generating the position fixes. Extensive experiments in a testbed are conducted to examine the performance of three approaches: trilateration, dead reckoning and the fusion method. Additionally, the influence of the knowledge of the environmental context is also examined. Finally, our proposed fusion method outperforms both trilateration and dead reckoning in terms of accuracy: experimental results show that the Kalman-based fusion, for our settings, achieves a positioning accuracy of less than one meter. PMID:28445421

Brainstem Encoding of Aided Speech in Hearing Aid Users with Cochlear Dead Region(s).

PubMed

Hassaan, Mohammad Ramadan; Ibraheem, Ola Abdallah; Galhom, Dalia Helal

2016-07-01

Neural encoding of speech begins with the analysis of the signal as a whole broken down into its sinusoidal components in the cochlea, which has to be conserved up to the higher auditory centers. Some of these components target the dead regions of the cochlea causing little or no excitation. Measuring aided speech-evoked auditory brainstem response elicited by speech stimuli with different spectral maxima can give insight into the brainstem encoding of aided speech with spectral maxima at these dead regions. This research aims to study the impact of dead regions of the cochlea on speech processing at the brainstem level after a long period of hearing aid use. This study comprised 30 ears without dead regions and 46 ears with dead regions at low, mid, or high frequencies. For all ears, we measured the aided speech-evoked auditory brainstem response using speech stimuli of low, mid, and high spectral maxima. Aided speech-evoked auditory brainstem response was producible in all subjects. Responses evoked by stimuli with spectral maxima at dead regions had longer latencies and smaller amplitudes when compared with the control group or the responses of other stimuli. The presence of cochlear dead regions affects brainstem encoding of speech with spectral maxima perpendicular to these regions. Brainstem neuroplasticity and the extrinsic redundancy of speech can minimize the impact of dead regions in chronic hearing aid users.

[Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) intoxication in a 2-year-old child].

PubMed

Laffargue, F; Oudot, C; Constanty, A; Bedu, A; Ketterer-Martinon, S

2011-02-01

Plant intoxications account for 5% of all intoxication cases according to French anti-poison centers. We report an uncommon case of intoxication with deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) in a 2-year-old child. The child presented at the ER with an atropinic syndrome, both central and peripheral, after ingestion of wild berries a few hours before. The fruit and leaves brought in by the mother allowed the anti-poison center to identify belladonna, in agreement with clinical findings. The child was kept in the intensive care unit for 48 h and progression was favorable with symptomatic treatment. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Use of Lung Allografts From Donation After Cardiac Death Donors: A Single-Center Experience.

PubMed

Costa, Joseph; Shah, Lori; Robbins, Hilary; Raza, Kashif; Sreekandth, Sowmya; Arcasoy, Selim; Sonett, Joshua R; D'Ovidio, Frank

2018-01-01

Lung transplantation remains the only treatment for end-stage lung disease. Availability of suitable lungs does not parallel this growing trend. Centers using donation after cardiac death (DCD) donor lungs report comparable outcomes with those from brain-dead donors. Donor assessment protocols and consistent surgical teams have been advocated when considering using the use of DCD donors. We present our experience using lungs from Maastricht category III DCD donors. Starting 2007 to July 2016, 73 DCD donors were assessed, 44 provided suitable lungs that resulted in 46 transplants. A 2012 to October 2016 comparative cohort of 379 brain-dead donors were assessed. Recipient and donor characteristics and primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and survival were monitored. Seventy-three DCD (40% dry run rate) donors assessed yielded 46 transplants (23 double, 6 right, and 17 left). Comparative cohort of 379 brain-dead donors yielded 237 transplants (112 double, 43 right, and 82 left). One- and 3-year recipient survival was 91% and 78% for recipients of DCD lungs and 91% and 75% for recipients of lungs from brain-dead donors, respectively. PGD 2 and 3 in DCD recipients at 72 hours was 4 of 46 (9%) and 6 of 46 (13%), respectively. Comparatively, brain-dead donor recipient cohort at 72 hours with PGD 2 and 3 was 23 of 237 (10%) and 41 of 237 (17%), respectively. Our experience reaffirms the use of lungs from DCD donors as a viable source with favorable outcomes. Recipients from DCD donors showed equivalent PGD rate at 72 hours and survival compared with recipients from brain-dead donors. Copyright © 2018 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of HCV, HBV, and HIV Seropositivity among Cadavers Referred to Autopsy Hall of Legal Medicine Bureau of Tehran, Iran

PubMed Central

Gharehdaghi, Jaber; Abedi Khorasgani, Mohammad Hassan; Ghadiani, Mohammad Hassan; Solhi, Hassan; Solhi, Sadra

2017-01-01

A large number of dead bodies are referred to forensic autopsy halls for medicolegal examination. They can be a source of transmission of infectious diseases through direct contact or autopsy tools. The main aim of this study was to estimate the virus infection rates in the dead bodies. One thousand consecutive dead bodies that had been referred to autopsy hall of Legal Medicine Bureau of Tehran, Iran, during 2016, were included. The blood samples were analyzed in the laboratory for detection of HBs Ag, HBs Ab, HIV Ab, and HCV Ab, after providing informed consent from legal next of kin of the dead bodies. The general characteristics of the dead bodies were also collected by a checklist. Forty-seven cases of HIV seropositivity, 80 cases of HBs Ag seropositivity, and 97 cases for HCV Ab seropositivity were found. Among them, 27 cases of HIV, 40 cases of anti-HBC positive, and 94 cases of RIBA testing positive for HCV were proved through confirmatory tests. In other words, 2.6% of the dead bodies were infected with HIV, 3.8% with HBV, and 9% with HCV. The total infection rate was 15.5%. This is a worrying risk for pathologist and autopsy technicians. PMID:29318049

Prevalence of HCV, HBV, and HIV Seropositivity among Cadavers Referred to Autopsy Hall of Legal Medicine Bureau of Tehran, Iran.

PubMed

Gharehdaghi, Jaber; Abedi Khorasgani, Mohammad Hassan; Ghadiani, Mohammad Hassan; Kazemifar, Amir Mohammad; Solhi, Hassan; Solhi, Sadra

2017-01-01

A large number of dead bodies are referred to forensic autopsy halls for medicolegal examination. They can be a source of transmission of infectious diseases through direct contact or autopsy tools. The main aim of this study was to estimate the virus infection rates in the dead bodies. One thousand consecutive dead bodies that had been referred to autopsy hall of Legal Medicine Bureau of Tehran, Iran, during 2016, were included. The blood samples were analyzed in the laboratory for detection of HBs Ag, HBs Ab, HIV Ab, and HCV Ab, after providing informed consent from legal next of kin of the dead bodies. The general characteristics of the dead bodies were also collected by a checklist. Forty-seven cases of HIV seropositivity, 80 cases of HBs Ag seropositivity, and 97 cases for HCV Ab seropositivity were found. Among them, 27 cases of HIV, 40 cases of anti-HBC positive, and 94 cases of RIBA testing positive for HCV were proved through confirmatory tests. In other words, 2.6% of the dead bodies were infected with HIV, 3.8% with HBV, and 9% with HCV. The total infection rate was 15.5%. This is a worrying risk for pathologist and autopsy technicians.

Deadly Everest Avalanche Site Spotted by NASA Spacecraft

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-04-28

On Friday, April 26, 2014, an avalanche on Mount Everest killed at least 13 Sherpa guides. NASA Terra spacecraft looked toward the northeast, with Mount Everest center, and Lhotse, the fourth-highest mountain on Earth, on the skyline to right center.

Method of combustion for dual fuel engine

DOEpatents

Hsu, B.D.; Confer, G.L.; Zujing Shen; Hapeman, M.J.; Flynn, P.L.

1993-12-21

Apparatus and a method of introducing a primary fuel, which may be a coal water slurry, and a high combustion auxiliary fuel, which may be a conventional diesel oil, into an internal combustion diesel engine comprises detecting the load conditions of the engine, determining the amount of time prior to the top dead center position of the piston to inject the main fuel into the combustion chamber, and determining the relationship of the timing of the injection of the auxiliary fuel into the combustion chamber to achieve a predetermined specific fuel consumption, a predetermined combustion efficiency, and a predetermined peak cylinder firing pressure. 19 figures.

Formation of Circumbinary Planets in a Dead Zone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martin, Rebecca G.; Armitage, Philip J.; Alexander, Richard D.

2013-08-01

Circumbinary planets have been observed at orbital radii where binary perturbations may have significant effects on the gas disk structure, on planetesimal velocity dispersion, and on the coupling between turbulence and planetesimals. Here, we note that the impact of all of these effects on planet formation is qualitatively altered if the circumbinary disk structure is layered, with a non-turbulent midplane layer (dead zone) and strongly turbulent surface layers. For close binaries, we find that the dead zone typically extends from a radius close to the inner disk edge up to a radius of around 10-20 AU from the center of mass of the binary. The peak in the surface density occurs within the dead zone, far from the inner disk edge, close to the snow line, and may act as a trap for aerodynamically coupled solids. We suggest that circumbinary planet formation may be easier near this preferential location than for disks around single stars. However, dead zones around wide binaries are less likely, and hence planet formation may be more difficult there.

Brainstem Encoding of Aided Speech in Hearing Aid Users with Cochlear Dead Region(s)

PubMed Central

Hassaan, Mohammad Ramadan; Ibraheem, Ola Abdallah; Galhom, Dalia Helal

2016-01-01

Introduction  Neural encoding of speech begins with the analysis of the signal as a whole broken down into its sinusoidal components in the cochlea, which has to be conserved up to the higher auditory centers. Some of these components target the dead regions of the cochlea causing little or no excitation. Measuring aided speech-evoked auditory brainstem response elicited by speech stimuli with different spectral maxima can give insight into the brainstem encoding of aided speech with spectral maxima at these dead regions. Objective  This research aims to study the impact of dead regions of the cochlea on speech processing at the brainstem level after a long period of hearing aid use. Methods  This study comprised 30 ears without dead regions and 46 ears with dead regions at low, mid, or high frequencies. For all ears, we measured the aided speech-evoked auditory brainstem response using speech stimuli of low, mid, and high spectral maxima. Results  Aided speech-evoked auditory brainstem response was producible in all subjects. Responses evoked by stimuli with spectral maxima at dead regions had longer latencies and smaller amplitudes when compared with the control group or the responses of other stimuli. Conclusion  The presence of cochlear dead regions affects brainstem encoding of speech with spectral maxima perpendicular to these regions. Brainstem neuroplasticity and the extrinsic redundancy of speech can minimize the impact of dead regions in chronic hearing aid users. PMID:27413404

Effect of Detector Dead Time on the Performance of Optical Direct-Detection Communication Links

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, C.-C.

1988-01-01

Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) operating in the Geiger mode can provide a significantly improved single-photon detect ion sensitivity over conventional photodiodes. However, the quenching circuit required to remove the excess charge carriers after each photon event can introduce an undesirable dead time into the detection process. The effect of this detector dead time on the performance of a binary pulse-position-modulted (PPM) channel is studied by analyzing the error probability. It is shown that, when back- ground noise is negligible, the performance of the detector with dead time is similar to that o f a quantum-limited receiver. For systems with increasing background intensities, the error rate of the receiver starts to degrade rapidly with increasing dead time. The power penalty due to detector dead time is also evaluated and shown to depend critically on background intensity as well as dead time. Given the expected background strength in an optical channel, therefore, a constraint must be placed on the bandwidth of the receiver to limit the amount of power penalty due to detector dead time.

Effect of detector dead time on the performance of optical direct-detection communication links

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, C.-C.

1988-05-01

Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) operating in the Geiger mode can provide a significantly improved single-photon detection sensitivity over conventional photodiodes. However, the quenching circuit required to remove the excess charge carriers after each photon event can introduce an undesirable dead time into the detection process. The effect of this detector dead time on the performance of a binary pulse-position-modulated (PPM) channel is studied by analyzing the error probability. It is shown that, when background noise is negligible, the performance of the detector with dead time is similar to that of a quantum-limited receiver. For systems with increasing background intensities, the error rate of the receiver starts to degrade rapidly with increasing dead time. The power penalty due to detector dead time is also evaluated and shown to depend critically on badkground intensity as well as dead time. Given the expected background strength in an optical channel, therefore, a constraint must be placed on the bandwidth of the receiver to limit the amount of power penalty due to detector dead time.

Bullet-Block Science Video Puzzle

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shakur, Asif

2015-01-01

A science video blog, which has gone viral, shows a wooden block shot by a vertically aimed rifle. The video shows that the block hit dead center goes exactly as high as the one shot off-center. (Fig. 1). The puzzle is that the block shot off-center carries rotational kinetic energy in addition to the gravitational potential energy. This leads a…

Investigation of the disposal of dead pigs by pig farmers in mainland China by simulation experiment.

PubMed

Wu, Linhai; Xu, Guoyan; Li, Qingguang; Hou, Bo; Hu, Wuyang; Wang, Jianhua

2017-01-01

Dead pigs are a major waste by-product of pig farming. Thus, safe disposal of dead pigs is important to the protection of consumer health and the ecological environment by preventing marketing of slaughtered and processed dead pigs and improper dumping of dead pigs. In this study, a probability model was constructed for the disposal of dead pigs by pig farmers by selecting factors affecting disposal. To that end, we drew on the definition and meaning of behavior probability based on survey data collected from 654 pig farmers in Funing County, Jiangsu Province, China. Moreover, the role of influencing factors in pig farmers' behavioral choices regarding the disposal of dead pigs was simulated by simulation experiment. The results indicated that years of farming had a positive impact on pig farmers' choice of negative disposal of dead pigs. Moreover, there was not a simple linear relationship between scale of farming and pig farmers' behavioral choices related to the disposal of dead pigs. The probability for farmers to choose the safe disposal of dead pigs increased with the improvement of their knowledge of government policies and relevant laws and regulations. Pig farmers' behavioral choice about the disposal of dead pigs was also affected by government subsidy policies, regulation, and punishment. Government regulation and punishment were more effective than subsidy. The findings of our simulation experiment provide important decision-making support for the governance in preventing the marketing of dead pigs at the source.

Studies in Intelligence. Volume 52, Number 3, 2008

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

September 2008) Center for the Study of Intelligence In Memory of Thomas Francis Troy, CIA Teacher, Historian, 1919–2008 Amnesia to Anamnesis ...CIA Teacher, Historian, 1919–2008 1 By Hayden Peake and Nicholas Dujmovic Amnesia to Anamnesis Commemoration of the Dead at CIA 3 Nicholas Dujmovic...Intelligence Vol. 52, No. 3 Amnesia to Anamnesis Commemoration of the Dead at CIA Nicholas Dujmovic “History—as it is learned and remembered— ” shapes

Risk assessment of false-positive quantitative real-time PCR results in food, due to detection of DNA originating from dead cells.

PubMed

Wolffs, Petra; Norling, Börje; Rådström, Peter

2005-03-01

Real-time PCR technology is increasingly used for detection and quantification of pathogens in food samples. A main disadvantage of nucleic acid detection is the inability to distinguish between signals originating from viable cells and DNA released from dead cells. In order to gain knowledge concerning risks of false-positive results due to detection of DNA originating from dead cells, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to investigate the degradation kinetics of free DNA in four types of meat samples. Results showed that the fastest degradation rate was observed (1 log unit per 0.5 h) in chicken homogenate, whereas the slowest rate was observed in pork rinse (1 log unit per 120.5 h). Overall results indicated that degradation occurred faster in chicken samples than in pork samples and faster at higher temperatures. Based on these results, it was concluded that, especially in pork samples, there is a risk of false-positive PCR results. This was confirmed in a quantitative study on cell death and signal persistence over a period of 28 days, employing three different methods, i.e. viable counts, direct qPCR, and finally floatation, a recently developed discontinuous density centrifugation method, followed by qPCR. Results showed that direct qPCR resulted in an overestimation of up to 10 times of the amount of cells in the samples compared to viable counts, due to detection of DNA from dead cells. However, after using floatation prior to qPCR, results resembled the viable count data. This indicates that by using of floatation as a sample treatment step prior to qPCR, the risk of false-positive PCR results due to detection of dead cells, can be minimized.

Adaptive Fuzzy Control for Nonstrict Feedback Systems With Unmodeled Dynamics and Fuzzy Dead Zone via Output Feedback.

PubMed

Wang, Lijie; Li, Hongyi; Zhou, Qi; Lu, Renquan

2017-09-01

This paper investigates the problem of observer-based adaptive fuzzy control for a category of nonstrict feedback systems subject to both unmodeled dynamics and fuzzy dead zone. Through constructing a fuzzy state observer and introducing a center of gravity method, unmeasurable states are estimated and the fuzzy dead zone is defuzzified, respectively. By employing fuzzy logic systems to identify the unknown functions. And combining small-gain approach with adaptive backstepping control technique, a novel adaptive fuzzy output feedback control strategy is developed, which ensures that all signals involved are semi-globally uniformly bounded. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method.

FORMATION OF CIRCUMBINARY PLANETS IN A DEAD ZONE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Martin, Rebecca G.; Armitage, Philip J.; Alexander, Richard D.

Circumbinary planets have been observed at orbital radii where binary perturbations may have significant effects on the gas disk structure, on planetesimal velocity dispersion, and on the coupling between turbulence and planetesimals. Here, we note that the impact of all of these effects on planet formation is qualitatively altered if the circumbinary disk structure is layered, with a non-turbulent midplane layer (dead zone) and strongly turbulent surface layers. For close binaries, we find that the dead zone typically extends from a radius close to the inner disk edge up to a radius of around 10-20 AU from the center ofmore » mass of the binary. The peak in the surface density occurs within the dead zone, far from the inner disk edge, close to the snow line, and may act as a trap for aerodynamically coupled solids. We suggest that circumbinary planet formation may be easier near this preferential location than for disks around single stars. However, dead zones around wide binaries are less likely, and hence planet formation may be more difficult there.« less

7 CFR 501.12 - Weapons and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 6 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Weapons and explosives. 501.12 Section 501.12... OF AGRICULTURE CONDUCT ON U.S. MEAT ANIMAL RESEARCH CENTER, CLAY CENTER, NEBRASKA § 501.12 Weapons... arrows, darts, other dangerous or deadly weapons, or explosives, either openly or concealed, except as...

7 CFR 501.12 - Weapons and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 6 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Weapons and explosives. 501.12 Section 501.12... OF AGRICULTURE CONDUCT ON U.S. MEAT ANIMAL RESEARCH CENTER, CLAY CENTER, NEBRASKA § 501.12 Weapons... arrows, darts, other dangerous or deadly weapons, or explosives, either openly or concealed, except as...

7 CFR 501.12 - Weapons and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Weapons and explosives. 501.12 Section 501.12... OF AGRICULTURE CONDUCT ON U.S. MEAT ANIMAL RESEARCH CENTER, CLAY CENTER, NEBRASKA § 501.12 Weapons... arrows, darts, other dangerous or deadly weapons, or explosives, either openly or concealed, except as...

7 CFR 501.12 - Weapons and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Weapons and explosives. 501.12 Section 501.12... OF AGRICULTURE CONDUCT ON U.S. MEAT ANIMAL RESEARCH CENTER, CLAY CENTER, NEBRASKA § 501.12 Weapons... arrows, darts, other dangerous or deadly weapons, or explosives, either openly or concealed, except as...

7 CFR 501.12 - Weapons and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 6 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Weapons and explosives. 501.12 Section 501.12... OF AGRICULTURE CONDUCT ON U.S. MEAT ANIMAL RESEARCH CENTER, CLAY CENTER, NEBRASKA § 501.12 Weapons... arrows, darts, other dangerous or deadly weapons, or explosives, either openly or concealed, except as...

Prevention and treatment effects of edible berries for three deadly diseases: Cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes.

PubMed

Yang, Hua; Tian, Tiantian; Wu, Dianhui; Guo, Dejun; Lu, Jian

2018-01-30

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and diabetes are serious threat to human health and more and more aroused people's attention. It is important to find the safe and effective prevention and treatment methods for the three deadly diseases. At present, a generally attention in the possible positive effects of edible berries for the three deadly diseases has been noted. Berry phytochemical compounds regulate different signaling pathways about cell survival, growth and differentiation. They contribute to the prevention and treatment of CVD, cancer and diabetes. This article reviews previous experimental evidence, several common berry phytochemical compounds and their possible mechanisms involved in three deadly diseases were summarized.

The dead spot phenomenon in prosthetic gait: Quantified with an analysis of center of pressure progression and its velocity in the sagittal plane.

PubMed

Klenow, Tyler D; Kahle, Jason T; Highsmith, M Jason

2016-10-01

The "dead spot" phenomenon in prosthetics is a disruption in forward progression observed in the rearfoot of passive prosthetic foot-ankle systems which results in a compensatory and inefficient gait pattern by amputees. A metric to quantify the dead spot as a kinetic event has not yet been introduced. The present study implements a three-part metric to evaluate the dead spot in terms of time, magnitude, and total area using center of pressure velocity and a novel threshold value calculation. The metrics are implemented for proof of efficacy using a convenient sample of four amputees (2 transtibial, 2 transfemoral) who walked in a 3D motion capture system with integrated force plates over five foot conditions. "Continuous-lever" feet designs showed the most favorable metric results between subjects (p<0.05) and in an ad hoc analysis compared to an ideal foot condition within subjects (p>0.05). Ten of 18 (55.6%) foot conditions found to be similar to the ideal were continuous-lever feet. Lack of significant similarity between the feet and ideal conditions (1 of 18, 5.6%) were found in transfemoral subjects. The metric calculations were able to show statistical difference among foot conditions between subjects. One foot (continuous-lever, glass composite) had no detectable dead spot in the transtibial subjects. The lack of significant findings in transfemoral subjects indicates a different coefficient in threshold calculations may be more appropriate for these subjects versus transtibial subjects. Further research with larger sample is needed to determine clinically significant findings among feet and between transtibial and transfemoral subjects. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Accounting for the dead in the longitudinal analysis of income-related health inequalities

PubMed Central

Petrie, Dennis; Allanson, Paul; Gerdtham, Ulf-G.

2011-01-01

This paper develops an accounting framework to consider the effect of deaths on the longitudinal analysis of income-related health inequalities. Ignoring deaths or using Inverse Probability Weights (IPWs) to re-weight the sample for mortality-related attrition can produce misleading results. Incorporating deaths into the longitudinal analysis of income-related health inequalities provides a more complete picture in terms of the evaluation of health changes in respect to socioeconomic status. We illustrate our work by investigating health mobility from 1999 till 2004 using the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). We show that for Scottish males explicitly accounting for the dead rather than using IPWs to account for mortality-related attrition changes the direction of the relationship between relative health changes and initial income position, from negative to positive, while for other groups it significantly increases the strength of the positive relationship. Incorporating the dead may be vital in the longitudinal analysis of health inequalities. PMID:21820193

Accounting for the dead in the longitudinal analysis of income-related health inequalities.

PubMed

Petrie, Dennis; Allanson, Paul; Gerdtham, Ulf G

2011-09-01

This paper develops an accounting framework to consider the effect of deaths on the longitudinal analysis of income-related health inequalities. Ignoring deaths or using Inverse Probability Weights (IPWs) to re-weight the sample for mortality-related attrition can produce misleading results. Incorporating deaths into the longitudinal analysis of income-related health inequalities provides a more complete picture in terms of the evaluation of health changes in respect to socioeconomic status. We illustrate our work by investigating health mobility from 1999 till 2004 using the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). We show that for Scottish males explicitly accounting for the dead rather than using IPWs to account for mortality-related attrition changes the direction of the relationship between relative health changes and initial income position, from negative to positive, while for other groups it significantly increases the strength of the positive relationship. Incorporating the dead may be vital in the longitudinal analysis of health inequalities. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects of Variations in Forebody and Afterbody Dead Rise on the Resistance and Spray Characteristics of the 22ADR Class VPB Airplane: Langley Tank Model 207, TED No. NACA 2361

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clement, Eugene P.; Daniels, Charles J.

1947-01-01

An investigation was made to determine the effects of changes in the amount and distribution of forebody and afterbody dead rise on the hydrodynamic resistance and spray characteristics of a 1/11-size model of the Bureau of Aeronautics design No. 22ADR class VPB airplane. The variations in dead rise within the range investigated had no significant effects on resistance or trim, free to trim, or on resistance or trimming moment, fixed in trim. The coordinates of the peaks of the bow-spray blisters, with reference to the model, were measured at low speeds, and it was found that the model with the low dead rise at the bow had the lowest blisters. The changes in position of the maximum dead rise of the afterbody had no effect on the bow-spray blister.

On determining dead layer and detector thicknesses for a position-sensitive silicon detector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manfredi, J.; Lee, Jenny; Lynch, W. G.; Niu, C. Y.; Tsang, M. B.; Anderson, C.; Barney, J.; Brown, K. W.; Chajecki, Z.; Chan, K. P.; Chen, G.; Estee, J.; Li, Z.; Pruitt, C.; Rogers, A. M.; Sanetullaev, A.; Setiawan, H.; Showalter, R.; Tsang, C. Y.; Winkelbauer, J. R.; Xiao, Z.; Xu, Z.

2018-04-01

In this work, two particular properties of the position-sensitive, thick silicon detectors (known as the "E" detectors) in the High Resolution Array (HiRA) are investigated: the thickness of the dead layer on the front of the detector, and the overall thickness of the detector itself. The dead layer thickness for each E detector in HiRA is extracted using a measurement of alpha particles emitted from a 212Pb pin source placed close to the detector surface. This procedure also allows for energy calibrations of the E detectors, which are otherwise inaccessible for alpha source calibration as each one is sandwiched between two other detectors. The E detector thickness is obtained from a combination of elastically scattered protons and an energy-loss calculation method. Results from these analyses agree with values provided by the manufacturer.

Deciphering The Fall And Rise Of The Dead Sea In Relation To Solar Forcing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yousef, Shahinaz M.

2005-03-01

Solar Forcing on closed seas and Lakes is space time dependent. The Cipher of the Dead Sea level variation since 1200 BC is solved in the context of millenium and Wolf-Gleissberg solar cycles time scales. It is found that the pattern of Dead Sea level variation follows the pattern of major millenium solar cycles. The 70 m rise of Dead Sea around 1AD is due to the forcing of the maximum millenium major solar cycle. Although the pattern of the Dead Sea level variation is almost identical to major solar cycles pattern between 1100 and 1980 AD, there is a dating problem of the Dead Sea time series around 1100-1300 AD that time. A discrepancy that should be corrected for the solar and Dead Sea series to fit. Detailed level variations of the Dead Sea level for the past 200 years are solved in terms of the 80-120 years solar Wolf-Gliessberg magnetic cycles. Solar induced climate changes do happen at the turning points of those cycles. Those end-start and maximum turning points are coincident with the change in the solar rotation rate due to the presence of weak solar cycles. Such weak cycles occur in series of few cycles between the end and start of those Wolf-Gleissberg cycles. Another one or two weak r solar cycle occur following the maximum of those Wolf-Gleissberg cycles. Weak cycles induce drop in the energy budget emitted from the sun and reaching the Earth thus causing solar induced climate change. An 8 meter sudden rise of Dead Sea occur prior 1900 AD due to positive solar forcing of the second cycle of the weak cycles series on the Dead Sea. The same second weak cycle induced negative solar forcing on Lake Chad. The first weak solar cycle forced Lake Victoria to rise abruptly in 1878. The maximum turning point of the solar Wolf-Gleissberg cycle induced negative forcing on both the Aral Sea and the Dead Sea causing their shrinkage to an alarming reduced area ever since. On the other hand, few years delayed positive forcing caused Lake Chad and the Equatorial African lakes to rise abruptly by several meters. Since the present solar cycle number 23 is the first weak cycle of a series, and since it caused 1.6 m sharp rise in Lake Victoria in 1997, then there is a high probability that the Dead Sea will rise by the beginning of the second weak cycle in few years time. And since both the Aral Sea and the Dead Sea are very much in coherence since the late 1950s, then it is rather likely that the Aral Sea will rise with God's wish in the near future. However it is also demanded that Israel should allow more water of the Jordan River to feed the Dead Sea before its real death. Plans for joining the Dead sea to the Red and or to the Mediterranean Seas should be cancelled owing the damaging harm it will cause the Dead Sea as a perfect indicator of solar induced climate change on one hand. On the other hand, the Dead Sea time series always show abrupt changes that can be as high as 70 m; if we add to this a planned artificial rise of the Dead Sea to its level of the thirties, then a damaging flooding effect will ruin the establishments and environment greatly.

Discovery of a Sweet Spot on the Foot with a Smart Wearable Soccer Boot Sensor That Maximizes the Chances of Scoring a Curved Kick in Soccer.

PubMed

Fuss, Franz Konstantin; Düking, Peter; Weizman, Yehuda

2018-01-01

This paper provides the evidence of a sweet spot on the boot/foot as well as the method for detecting it with a wearable pressure sensitive device. This study confirmed the hypothesized existence of sweet and dead spots on a soccer boot or foot when kicking a ball. For a stationary curved kick, kicking the ball at the sweet spot maximized the probability of scoring a goal (58-86%), whereas having the impact point at the dead zone minimized the probability (11-22%). The sweet spot was found based on hypothesized favorable parameter ranges (center of pressure in x/y-directions and/or peak impact force) and the dead zone based on hypothesized unfavorable parameter ranges. The sweet spot was rather concentrated, independent of which parameter combination was used (two- or three-parameter combination), whereas the dead zone, located 21 mm from the sweet spot, was more widespread.

Sinai peninsula taken by the STS-109 crew

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-02

STS109-708-024 (1-12 March 2002) --- The astronauts on board the Space Shuttle Columbia took this 70mm picture featuring the Sinai Peninsula and the Dead Sea Rift. The left side of the view is dominated by the great triangle of the Sinai peninsula, which is partly obscured by an unusual cloud mass on this day. The famous Monastery of St. Catherine lies in the very remote, rugged mountains in the southern third of the peninsula (foreground). The Gulf of Aqaba is a finger of the Red Sea bottom center, pointing north to the Dead Sea, the small body of water near the center of the view. According to NASA scientists studying the STS-109 photo collection, the gulf and the Dead Sea are northerly extensions of the same geological rift that resulted in the opening of the Red Sea . The Gulf of Suez appears in the lower left corner. Northwest Saudi Arabia occupies the lower right side of the view, Jordan and Syria the right and top right, and the Eastern Mediterranean Sea the top left. Thin white lines of cloud have formed along the coastal mountains of southern Turkey and stretch across the top of the view near the Earth's limb.

Trade and Transport in Late Roman Syria

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fletcher, Christopher

Despite the relative notoriety and miraculous level of preservation of the Dead Cities of Syria, fundamental questions of economic and subsistence viability remain unanswered. In the 1950s Georges Tchalenko theorized that these sites relied on intensive olive monoculture to mass export olive oil to urban centers. Later excavations discovered widespread cultivation of grains, fruit, and beans which directly contradicted Tchalenko's assertion of sole reliance on oleoculture. However, innumerable olive presses in and around the Dead Cities still speak to a strong tradition of olive production. This thesis tests the logistical viability of olive oil transportation from the Dead Cities to the distant urban centers of Antioch and Apamea. Utilization of Raster GIS and remote sensing data allows for the reconstruction of the physical and social landscapes of Late Roman Syria. Least Cost Analysis techniques produce a quantitative and testable model with which to simulate and evaluate the viability of long distance olive oil trade. This model not only provides a clearer understanding of the nature of long distance trade relationships in Syria, but also provides a model for investigating ancient economic systems elsewhere in the world. Furthermore, this project allows for the generation of new information regarding sites that are currently inaccessible to researchers.

Evolution of genomic diversity and sex at extreme environments: Fungal life under hypersaline Dead Sea stress

PubMed Central

Kis-Papo, Tamar; Kirzhner, Valery; Wasser, Solomon P.; Nevo, Eviatar

2003-01-01

We have found that genomic diversity is generally positively correlated with abiotic and biotic stress levels (1–3). However, beyond a high-threshold level of stress, the diversity declines to a few adapted genotypes. The Dead Sea is the harshest planetary hypersaline environment (340 g·liter–1 total dissolved salts, ≈10 times sea water). Hence, the Dead Sea is an excellent natural laboratory for testing the “rise and fall” pattern of genetic diversity with stress proposed in this article. Here, we examined genomic diversity of the ascomycete fungus Aspergillus versicolor from saline, nonsaline, and hypersaline Dead Sea environments. We screened the coding and noncoding genomes of A. versicolor isolates by using >600 AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers (equal to loci). Genomic diversity was positively correlated with stress, culminating in the Dead Sea surface but dropped drastically in 50- to 280-m-deep seawater. The genomic diversity pattern paralleled the pattern of sexual reproduction of fungal species across the same southward gradient of increasing stress in Israel. This parallel may suggest that diversity and sex are intertwined intimately according to the rise and fall pattern and adaptively selected by natural selection in fungal genome evolution. Future large-scale verification in micromycetes will define further the trajectories of diversity and sex in the rise and fall pattern. PMID:14645702

40 CFR 92.203 - Application for certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...., degrees before or after top-dead-center), and any functional dependence of such timing on other... physically adjustable range; and (v) Information relating to why the physical limits or stops used to...

Oil industry and road traffic fatalities in contemporary Colombia.

PubMed

Tasciotti, Luca; Alejo, Didier; Romero, Andrés

2016-12-01

This paper studies the effects that oil extraction activities in Colombia have on the number of dead/injured people as a consequence of road-related accidents. Starting in 2004, the increasing exploitation of oil wells in some Colombian departments has worsened the traffic conditions due to the increased presence of trucks transporting crude oil from the wells to the refineries; this phenomenon has not been accompanied by an improvement in the road system with dramatic consequences in terms of road viability. The descriptive and empirical analysis presented here focuses on the period 2004-2011; results from descriptive statistics indicate a positive relationship between the presence of oil extraction activities and the number of either dead/injured people. Panel regressions for the period 2004-2011 confirm that, among other factors, the presence of oil-extraction activities did play a positive and statistical significant role in increasing the number of dead/injured people.

Crustal Deformation across the Jericho Valley Section of the Dead Sea Fault as Resolved by Detailed Field and Geodetic Observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamiel, Yariv; Piatibratova, Oksana; Mizrahi, Yaakov; Nahmias, Yoav; Sagy, Amir

2018-04-01

Detailed field and geodetic observations of crustal deformation across the Jericho Fault section of the Dead Sea Fault are presented. New field observations reveal several slip episodes that rupture the surface, consist with strike slip and extensional deformation along a fault zone width of about 200 m. Using dense Global Positioning System measurements, we obtain the velocities of new stations across the fault. We find that this section is locked for strike-slip motion with a locking depth of 16.6 ± 7.8 km and a slip rate of 4.8 ± 0.7 mm/year. The Global Positioning System measurements also indicate asymmetrical extension at shallow depths of the Jericho Fault section, between 0.3 and 3 km. Finally, our results suggest the vast majority of the sinistral slip along the Dead Sea Fault in southern Jorden Valley is accommodated by the Jericho Fault section.

Tank tests of three models of flying-boat hulls of the pointed-step type with different angles of dead rise - NACA model 35 series

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dawson, John R

1936-01-01

The results of tank tests of three models of flying-boat hulls of the pointed-step type with different angles of dead rise are given in charts and are compared with results from tests of more conventional hulls. Increasing the angle of dead rise from 15 to 25 degrees: had little effect on the hump resistance; increased the resistance throughout the planning range; increased the best trim angle; reduced the maximum positive trimming moment required to obtain best trim angle; and had but a slight effect on the spray characteristics. For approximately the same angles of dead rise the resistance of the pointed-step hulls were considerably lower at high speeds than those of the more conventional hulls.

Biodiversity of Cryptofauna (Decapods) and Their Correlation with Dead Coral Pocillopora sp. Volume at Bunaken Island, North Sulawesi

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malik, Muhammad Danie Al; Kholilah, Nenik; Kurniasih, Eka Maya; Sembiring, Andrianus; Pertiwi, Ni Putu Dian; Ambariyanto, Ambariyanto; Munasik, Munasik; Meyer, Christopher

2018-02-01

Decapod is known as cryptofauna which is also important component of coral reef biodiversity. Dead corals are one of the area which usually used by decapods to live. This research aims to observe the diversity of cryptofauna (decapods) and the correlation between the number of decapods with the volume of dead corals. Ten dead corals, Pocillopora sp., were collected at 5 m depth at Bunaken Island. These dead corals were measured their volume and all decapods found were counted and identified up to family level. The richness and abundance were analyzed using ACE (Abundance-Based Coverage Estimates) and Chao 1. The results show that there were in total 474 decapods from 13 families found within all ten dead corals. Xanthidae was showed as the most abundance family among all, with 161 individual. Diversity index of decapods was found at medium category with value of 2.01. Rarefaction curve based on richness and abundance showed an estimation of 13 families. The result also indicated that the asymptote stage was reached on the 10th dead coral samples. The correlation between decapod with the volume of dead coral were showed significant positive correlation (r = 0.673, p<0.05). This result provides benefits to basic knowledge about diversity of decapod which one of cryptofauna as component fauna have a habitat on coral reef ecosystem.

The Roles of Beaconing and Dead Reckoning in Human Virtual Navigation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bodily, Kent D.; Daniel, Thomas A.; Sturz, Bradley R.

2012-01-01

Beaconing is a process in which the distance between a visual landmark and current position is reduced in order to return to a location. In contrast, dead reckoning is a process in which vestibular, kinesthetic and/or optic flow cues are utilized to update speed of movement, elapsed time of movement, and direction of movement to return to a…

Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Brain-Dead Donors as Predictors of Early- and Long-Term Renal Function After Transplant.

PubMed

Kwiatkowska, Ewa; Domański, Leszek; Bober, Joanna; Safranow, Krzysztof; Pawlik, Andrzej; Ciechanowski, Kazimierz; Wiśniewska, Magda; Kędzierska, Karolina

2017-08-01

Organs from brain-dead donors are the main source of allografts for transplant. Comparisons between living-donor and brain-dead donor kidneys show that the latter are more likely to demonstrate delayed graft function and lower long-term survival. This study aimed to assess the effects of various clinical and biochemical factors of donors on early- and long-term renal function after transplant. We analyzed data from kidney recipients treated between 2006 and 2008 who received organs from brain-dead donors. Data from 54 donors and 89 recipients were analyzed. No relation was observed between donor sodium concentration and the presence of delayed graft function. Donor height was positively correlated with creatinine clearance in recipients in the 1 to 3 months after renal transplant. Donor diastolic blood pressure was negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate throughout the observation period. Donor age was negatively correlated with the allograft recipient's estimated glomerular filtration rate throughout 4 years of observation. Donor estimated glomerular filtration rate was positively correlated with that of the recipient throughout 3 years of observation. The results of this study indicate that various factors associated with allograft donors may influence graft function.

Simulation of the Aerosol-Atmosphere Interaction in the Dead Sea Area with COSMO-ART

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vogel, Bernhard; Bangert, Max; Kottmeier, Christoph; Rieger, Daniel; Schad, Tobias; Vogel, Heike

2014-05-01

The Dead Sea is a unique environment located in the Dead Sea Rift Valley. The fault system of the Dead Sea Rift Valley marks the political borders between Israel, Jordan, and Palestine. The Dead Sea region and the ambient Eastern Mediterranean coastal zone provide a natural laboratory for studying atmospheric processes ranging from the smallest scale of cloud processes to regional weather and climate. The virtual institute DESERVE is designed as a cross-disciplinary and cooperative international project of the Helmholtz Centers KIT, GFZ, and UFZ with well-established partners in Israel, Jordan and Palestine. One main focus of one of the work packages is the role of aerosols in modifying clouds and precipitation and in developing the Dead Sea haze layer as one of the most intriguing questions. The haze influences visibility, solar radiation, and evaporation and may even affect economy and health. We applied the online coupled model system COSMO-ART, which is able to treat the feedback processes between aerosol, radiation, and cloud formation, for a case study above the Dead Sea and adjacent regions. Natural aerosol like mineral dust and sea salt as well as anthropogenic primary and secondary aerosol is taken into account. Some of the observed features like the vertical double structure of the haze layer are already covered by the simulation. We found that absorbing aerosol like mineral dust causes a temperature increase in parts of the model domain. In other areas a decrease in temperature due to cirrus clouds modified by elevated dust layers is simulated.

Climate change and dead zones.

PubMed

Altieri, Andrew H; Gedan, Keryn B

2015-04-01

Estuaries and coastal seas provide valuable ecosystem services but are particularly vulnerable to the co-occurring threats of climate change and oxygen-depleted dead zones. We analyzed the severity of climate change predicted for existing dead zones, and found that 94% of dead zones are in regions that will experience at least a 2 °C temperature increase by the end of the century. We then reviewed how climate change will exacerbate hypoxic conditions through oceanographic, ecological, and physiological processes. We found evidence that suggests numerous climate variables including temperature, ocean acidification, sea-level rise, precipitation, wind, and storm patterns will affect dead zones, and that each of those factors has the potential to act through multiple pathways on both oxygen availability and ecological responses to hypoxia. Given the variety and strength of the mechanisms by which climate change exacerbates hypoxia, and the rates at which climate is changing, we posit that climate change variables are contributing to the dead zone epidemic by acting synergistically with one another and with recognized anthropogenic triggers of hypoxia including eutrophication. This suggests that a multidisciplinary, integrated approach that considers the full range of climate variables is needed to track and potentially reverse the spread of dead zones. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Accuracy of Computed Tomographic Perfusion in Diagnosis of Brain Death: A Prospective Cohort Study.

PubMed

Sawicki, Marcin; Sołek-Pastuszka, Joanna; Chamier-Ciemińska, Katarzyna; Walecka, Anna; Bohatyrewicz, Romuald

2018-05-04

BACKGROUND This study was designed to determine diagnostic accuracy of computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) compared to computed tomographic angiography (CTA) for the diagnosis of brain death (BD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Whole-brain CTP was performed in patients diagnosed with BD and in patients with devastating brain injury with preserved brainstem reflexes. CTA was derived from CTP datasets. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and volume (CBV) were calculated in all brain regions. CTP findings were interpreted as confirming diagnosis of BD (positive) when CBF and CBV in all ROIs were below 10 mL/100 g/min and 1.0 mL/100 g, respectively. CTA findings were interpreted using a 4-point system. RESULTS Fifty brain-dead patients and 5 controls were included. In brain-dead patients, CTP results revealed CBF 0.00-9.98 mL/100 g/min and CBV 0.00-0.99 mL/100 g, and were thus interpreted as positive in all patients. CTA results suggested 7 negative cases, providing 86% sensitivity. In the non-brain-dead group, CTP results revealed CBF 2.37-37.59 mL/100 g/min and CBV 0.73-2.34 mL/100 g. The difference between values of CBF and CBV in the brain-dead and non-brain-dead groups was statistically significant (p=0.002 for CBF and p=0.001 for CBV). CTP findings in all non-brain-dead patients were interpreted as negative. This resulted in a specificity of 100% (95% CI, 0.31-1.00) for CTP in the diagnosis of BD. In all non-brain-dead patients, CTA revealed preserved intracranial filling and was interpreted as negative. This resulted in a specificity of 100% (95% CI, 0.31-1.00) for CTA in diagnosis of BD. CONCLUSIONS Whole-brain CTP seems to be a highly sensitive and specific method in diagnosis of BD.

Coding for Communication Channels with Dead-Time Constraints

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moision, Bruce; Hamkins, Jon

2004-01-01

Coding schemes have been designed and investigated specifically for optical and electronic data-communication channels in which information is conveyed via pulse-position modulation (PPM) subject to dead-time constraints. These schemes involve the use of error-correcting codes concatenated with codes denoted constrained codes. These codes are decoded using an interactive method. In pulse-position modulation, time is partitioned into frames of Mslots of equal duration. Each frame contains one pulsed slot (all others are non-pulsed). For a given channel, the dead-time constraints are defined as a maximum and a minimum on the allowable time between pulses. For example, if a Q-switched laser is used to transmit the pulses, then the minimum allowable dead time is the time needed to recharge the laser for the next pulse. In the case of bits recorded on a magnetic medium, the minimum allowable time between pulses depends on the recording/playback speed and the minimum distance between pulses needed to prevent interference between adjacent bits during readout. The maximum allowable dead time for a given channel is the maximum time for which it is possible to satisfy the requirement to synchronize slots. In mathematical shorthand, the dead-time constraints for a given channel are represented by the pair of integers (d,k), where d is the minimum allowable number of zeroes between ones and k is the maximum allowable number of zeroes between ones. A system of the type to which the present schemes apply is represented by a binary- input, real-valued-output channel model illustrated in the figure. At the transmitting end, information bits are first encoded by use of an error-correcting code, then further encoded by use of a constrained code. Several constrained codes for channels subject to constraints of (d,infinity) have been investigated theoretically and computationally. The baseline codes chosen for purposes of comparison were simple PPM codes characterized by M-slot PPM frames separated by d-slot dead times.

Priority effects of early successional insects influence late successional fungi in dead wood.

PubMed

Jacobsen, Rannveig Margrete; Birkemoe, Tone; Sverdrup-Thygeson, Anne

2015-11-01

Community assembly is an integral process in all ecosystems, producing patterns of species distributions, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. Environmental filters and colonization history govern the assembly process, but their relative importance varies depending on the study system. Dead wood decomposition is a slow process, allowing decomposer communities to develop within a slowly changing substrate for decades. Despite this, there are few long-term studies of priority effects from colonization history in this ecosystem. In this study, we investigate the importance of insects in early succession of dead wood on the fungal community present one decade later. Sixty aspen trees were killed in two study landscapes, each tree producing one aspen high stump and log. Insects were sampled with flight interception traps during the first 4 years after tree death, and fungal fruiting bodies were registered in year twelve. We found positive priority effects of two fungivorous beetles, the sap beetle Glischrochilus quadripunctatus and the round fungus beetle Agathidium nigripenne, on the Artist's bracket (Ganoderma applanatum) and a positive priority effect of wood-boring beetles on the ascomycete Yellow fairy cup (Bisporella citrina). The Aspen bracket (Phellinus tremulae) did not respond to insects in early succession of the dead wood. Our results suggest that early successional insects can have significant, long-lasting effects on the late successional fungal community in dead wood. Also, the effect can be specific, with one fungus species depending on one or a few fungivorous beetle species. This has implications for decomposition and biodiversity in dead wood, as loss of early colonizing beetles may also affect the successional pathways they seem to initiate.

Putting TCGA Data to Work - TCGA

Cancer.gov

Neurosurgeon Cameron Brennan of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center used TCGA data to define subgroups of patients with a deadly brain cancer called glioblastoma multiforme. Learn more about his research in this TCGA in Action case study.

Registry of the Japanese society of lung and heart-lung transplantation: the official Japanese lung transplantation report 2012.

PubMed

Oto, Takahiro; Okada, Yoshinori; Bando, Toru; Minami, Masato; Shiraishi, Takeshi; Nagayasu, Takeshi; Chida, Masayuki; Okumura, Meinoshin; Date, Hiroshi; Miyoshi, Shinichiro; Kondo, Takashi

2013-04-01

The Japanese Organ Transplant Law was amended, and the revised law took effect in July 2010 to overcome extreme donor shortage and to increase the availability of donor organs from brain-dead donors. It is now possible to procure organs from children. The year 2011 was the first year that it was possible to examine the results of this first extensive revision of the Japanese Organ Transplant Law, which took effect in 1997. Currently, seven transplant centers, including Tohoku, Dokkyo, Kyoto, Osaka, Okayama, Fukuoka and Nagasaki Universities, are authorized to perform lung transplantation in Japan, and by the end of 2011, a total of 239 lung transplants had been performed. The number of transplants per year and the ratio of brain-dead donor transplants increased dramatically after the revision of the Japanese Organ Transplant Law. The survival rates for lung transplant recipients registered with the Japanese Society for Lung and Heart-lung Transplantation were 93.3 % at 1 month, 91.5 % at 3 months, 86.3 % at 1 year, 79.0 % at 3 years, and 73.1 % at 5 years. The survival curves for brain-dead donor and living-donor lung transplantation were similar. The survival outcomes for both brain-dead and living-donor lung transplants were better than those reported by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. However, donor shortage remains a limitation of lung transplantation in Japan. The lung transplant centers in Japan should continue to make a special effort to save critically ill patients waiting for lung transplantation.

Comparison of immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction for detection of West Nile virus in naturally infected dead birds.

PubMed

Sandhu, Tejbir; Sidhu, Dalbinder; Dhillon, Major; Fang, Ying

2010-10-04

Credible vector-borne disease surveillance programs, especially in developing countries with limited resources, must include diagnostic tests that are efficient, inexpensive and simple and safe to administer while maintaining high levels of sensitivity and specificity. Since immunohistochemistry (IHC) includes most of these features, its sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value (PPV) and predictive negative value (PNV) for West Nile virus (WNv) screening were compared to those of the gold standard, RT-PCR testing of kidney tissue in dead birds. IHC and RT-PCR were performed for WNv antigen on 41 dead birds (belonging to five orders) collected from the northwest region of the Riverside County of California. Fixed tissue sections were screened by IHC using polyclonal antibodies, and frozen kidney tissues were tested with RT-PCR. Kidney screening with IHC showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 95.45%, 73.68%, 80.77% and 93.33%, respectively. Based on WNv screening of kidney tissue, IHC and RT-PCR were in agreement with 95.45% (21/22) for positive dead birds and were in 100% (22/22) agreement when multi-organ screening by IHC was performed. The present study showed that IHC is as equally effective as RT-PCR in screening for WNv in dead birds. Therefore, IHC can effectively serve as a competent screening technique for those disease surveillance agencies that lack expensive RT-PCR technology while promoting safer biohazardous conditions, except at the initial stage of tissue collection.

Quantitative Survey of Laypersons' Attitudes Toward Organ Transplantation in Japan.

PubMed

Okita, T; Hsu, E; Aizawa, K; Nakada, H; Toya, W; Matsui, K

In comparison with foreign countries, living-organ transplantations (LOT) have been performed more frequently than dead organ transplants, including brain-dead organ transplantation (BOT) in Japan. This situation has given rise to organ transplantation tourism. Therefore, we clarify laypersons' preferences regarding organ transplantation that are producing the current situation in Japan, to suggest a possible framework for further efforts. Voluntary completion of a quantitative and anonymous survey was promoted online (a sample size of 1030). The questionnaire had two types of variables concerning demographic characteristics and organ transplantation-related issues. LOT was favored over BOT. However, for willingness to donate to family members, the participants showed a significantly more positive attitude toward brain-dead organ donors (BODs) than living organ donors (LODs). In the evaluation of each transplantation technology, BOT and LOT were positioned in the middle, between transplantation that does not depend on others and the utilization of animal organs. Although LOT was favored over BOT, for participants hypothesized to be in a position to donate and receive organs, BODs received a conversely better reputation than LODs. Our survey and discussion suggest that the present conditions of organ transplantation in Japan might be because there is a lack of deliberation on transplantation tourism and LOT. Therefore, more surveys concerning LOT cases and the implications of avoidance of organs from brain-dead bodies, coupled with more discussions based on these surveys, are necessary to formulate a Japanese transplantation policy for the future. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

78 FR 4060 - Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards, Test Procedures for Roof Trusses

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-18

... of the truss or trusses in the test position at no load. Apply to the top and bottom chords of the... increments until dead load plus the live load is reached. Measure and record the deflections no sooner than... conditions are met: (A) The maximum deflection between no load and dead load must be L/ 480 or less for...

Persistence of bacterial DNA in orthopedic infections.

PubMed

Kaplan, Heidi B; Miranda, Justin A; Gogola, Gloria R; Gomez, Karen; Ambrose, Catherine G

2018-06-01

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been proposed as a method to identify bacteria in clinical samples because it is more sensitive than culture techniques and can produce results rapidly. However, PCR can detect DNA from dead cells and thus cannot distinguish between live and dead cells in a tissue sample. Killed Staphylococcus aureus cells were implanted into the femurs and knee joints of rats to determine the length of time that DNA from dead cells is detectable in a living animal under conditions similar to common orthopedic infections. In the joint infection model studied here, the DNA from the dead planktonic bacteria was detected using PCR immediately after injection or 24 h later, but was undetectable 48 and 72 h after injection. In the biofilm implanted-device model studied, the DNA from these dead biofilm cells was detected by PCR immediately after implantation and at 24 h, but not at 48 or 72 h. Thus, our results indicate that DNA from dead cells does not persist in these animal model systems for more than 2 days, which should reduce concerns about possible false positive results using molecular DNA-based techniques for the detection of pathogens. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Dependence of sound characteristics on the bowing position in a violin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roh, YuJi; Kim, Young H.

2014-12-01

A quantitative analysis of violin sounds produced for different bowing positions over the full length of a violin string has been carried out. An automated bowing machine was employed in order to keep the bowing parameters constant. A 3-dimensional profile of the frequency spectrum was introduced in order to characterize the violin's sound. We found that the fundamental frequency did not change for different bowing positions, whereas the frequencies of the higher harmonics were different. Bowing the string at 30 mm from the bridge produced musical sounds. The middle of the string was confirmed to be a dead zone, as reported in previous works. In addition, the quarter position was also found to be a dead zone. Bowing the string 90 mm from the bridge dominantly produces a fundamental frequency of 864 Hz and its harmonics.

VIEW OF BATTLE MONUMENT SANITARIUM MONUMENT IN BACKGROUND AND BIVOUAC ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW OF BATTLE MONUMENT SANITARIUM MONUMENT IN BACKGROUND AND BIVOUAC OF DEAD TABLET IN FOREGROUND. VIEW TO SOUTHEAST. - Hot Springs National Cemetery, Virginia Medical Center 500 North Fifth Street, Hot Springs, Fall River County, SD

Quality of life at the Dead Sea region: the lower the better? An observational study.

PubMed

Avriel, Avital; Fuchs, Lior; Plakht, Ygal; Cicurel, Assi; Apfelbaum, Armando; Satran, Robert; Friger, Michael; Dartava, Dimitry; Sukenik, Shaul

2011-05-27

The Dead Sea region, the lowest in the world at 410 meters below sea level, is considered a potent climatotherapy center for the treatment of different chronic diseases. To assess the prevalence of chronic diseases and the quality of life of residents of the Dead Sea region compared with residents of the Ramat Negev region, which has a similar climate, but is situated 600 meters above sea level. An observational study based on a self-administered questionnaire. Data were collected from kibbutz (communal settlement) members in both regions. Residents of the Dead Sea were the study group and of Ramat Negev were the control group. We compared demographic characteristics, the prevalence of different chronic diseases and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) using the SF-36 questionnaire. There was a higher prevalence of skin nevi and non-inflammatory rheumatic diseases (NIRD) among Dead Sea residents, but they had significantly higher HRQOL mean scores in general health (68.7 ± 21 vs. 64.4 ± 22, p = 0.023) and vitality (64.7 ± 17.9 vs. 59.6 ± 17.3, p = 0.001), as well as significantly higher summary scores: physical component score (80.7 ± 18.2 vs. 78 ± 18.6, p = 0.042), and mental component score (79 ± 16.4 vs. 77.2 ± 15, p = 0.02). These results did not change after adjusting for social-demographic characteristics, health-related habits, and chronic diseases. No significant difference between the groups was found in the prevalence of most chronic diseases, except for higher rates of skin nevi and NIRD among Dead Sea residents. HRQOL was significantly higher among Dead Sea residents, both healthy or with chronic disease.

An Information-Theoretical Approach to Image Resolution Applied to Neutron Imaging Detectors Based Upon Individual Discriminator Signals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clergeau, Jean-François; Ferraton, Matthieu; Guérard, Bruno; Khaplanov, Anton; Piscitelli, Francesco; Platz, Martin; Rigal, Jean-Marie; Van Esch, Patrick; Daullé, Thibault

2017-01-01

1D or 2D neutron position sensitive detectors with individual wire or strip readout using discriminators have the advantage of being able to treat several neutron impacts partially overlapping in time, hence reducing global dead time. A single neutron impact usually gives rise to several discriminator signals. In this paper, we introduce an information-theoretical definition of image resolution. Two point-like spots of neutron impacts with a given distance between them act as a source of information (each neutron hit belongs to one spot or the other), and the detector plus signal treatment is regarded as an imperfect communication channel that transmits this information. The maximal mutual information obtained from this channel as a function of the distance between the spots allows to define a calibration-independent measure of position resolution. We then apply this measure to quantify the power of position resolution of different algorithms treating these individual discriminator signals which can be implemented in firmware. The method is then applied to different detectors existing at the ILL. Center-of-gravity methods usually improve the position resolution over best-wire algorithms which are the standard way of treating these signals.

Hydrological and biogeochemical variation of stemflow from live, stressed, and dead codominant deciduous canopy trees

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frost, E. E.; Levia, D. F.

2011-12-01

Stemflow, a critical localized point source of both water and nutrients in forested ecosystems, was examined as a function of species and mortality in a mid-Atlantic deciduous forest. Thirty trees across two species, Fagus grandifolia [American beech] and Liriodendron tulipifera [yellow poplar], and three mortality classes, live, stressed, and dead, were sampled and analyzed on an event basis for one year. Significant interspecific differences in volume and nutrient content of stemflow were found that were attributable to differences in canopy structure between the species. Funneling ratios across all three mortality classes were significantly different for F. grandifolia and between dead and live/stressed classes for L. tulipifera. Stemflow volumes from the dead trees of both species were a fraction of that from live and stressed trees. This was attributable to increased relative water storage capacities, canopy crown position, and the lack of surface area contributing to stemflow generation in upper canopy. Concentrations of nutrients in stemflow from dead trees were significantly higher than those found in both live and stressed stems for most nutrients analyzed. Enrichment ratios from dead stems were generally lower given the reduced volumes observed. Given the multi-decadal impact of standing dead trees in forest ecosystems and the uncertainty of changes in morality patterns in forests, additional research is warranted to further quantify the hydrobiochemical impact of stemflow from dying stems over their entire lifecycle.

Natural forest expansion on reclaimed coal mines in Northern Spain: the role of native shrubs as suitable microsites.

PubMed

Alday, Josu G; Zaldívar, Pilar; Torroba-Balmori, Paloma; Fernández-Santos, Belén; Martínez-Ruiz, Carolina

2016-07-01

The characterization of suitable microsites for tree seedling establishment and growth is one of the most important tasks to achieve the restoration of native forest using natural processes in disturbed sites. For that, we assessed the natural Quercus petraea forest expansion in a 20-year-old reclaimed open-cast mine under sub-Mediterranean climate in northern Spain, monitoring seedling survival, growth, and recruitment during 5 years in three contrasting environments (undisturbed forest, mine edge, and mine center). Seedling density and proportion of dead branches decreased greatly from undisturbed forest towards the center of the mine. There was a positive effect of shrubs on Q. petraea seedling establishment in both mine environments, which increase as the environment undergoes more stress (from the mine edge to the center of the mine), and it was produced by different shrub structural features in each mine environment. Seedling survival reduction through time in three environments did not lead to a density reduction because there was a yearly recruitment of new seedlings. Seedling survival, annual growth, and height through time were greater in mine sites than in the undisturbed forest. The successful colonization patterns and positive neighbor effect of shrubs on natural seedlings establishment found in this study during the first years support the use of shrubs as ecosystem engineers to increase heterogeneity in micro-environmental conditions on reclaimed mine sites, which improves late-successional Quercus species establishment.

Titration of Ideal Positive End-expiratory Pressure in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Comparison between Lower Inflection Point and Esophageal Pressure Method Using Volumetric Capnography.

PubMed

Baikunje, Nandakishore; Sehgal, Inderpaul Singh; Dhooria, Sahajal; Prasad, Kuruswamy Thurai; Agarwal, Ritesh

2017-05-01

The tenets of mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) include the utilization of low tidal volume and optimal application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Optimal PEEP in ARDS is characterized by reduction in alveolar dead space along with improvement in the lung compliance and resultant betterment in oxygenation. There are various methods of setting PEEP in ARDS. Herein, we report a patient of ARDS, wherein we employed measurement of dead space using volumetric capnography to compare two different PEEP strategies, namely, the lower inflection point and transpulmonary pressure monitoring.

Detection of Single Standing Dead Trees from Aerial Color Infrared Imagery by Segmentation with Shape and Intensity Priors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Polewski, P.; Yao, W.; Heurich, M.; Krzystek, P.; Stilla, U.

2015-03-01

Standing dead trees, known as snags, are an essential factor in maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Combined with their role as carbon sinks, this makes for a compelling reason to study their spatial distribution. This paper presents an integrated method to detect and delineate individual dead tree crowns from color infrared aerial imagery. Our approach consists of two steps which incorporate statistical information about prior distributions of both the image intensities and the shapes of the target objects. In the first step, we perform a Gaussian Mixture Model clustering in the pixel color space with priors on the cluster means, obtaining up to 3 components corresponding to dead trees, living trees, and shadows. We then refine the dead tree regions using a level set segmentation method enriched with a generative model of the dead trees' shape distribution as well as a discriminative model of their pixel intensity distribution. The iterative application of the statistical shape template yields the set of delineated dead crowns. The prior information enforces the consistency of the template's shape variation with the shape manifold defined by manually labeled training examples, which makes it possible to separate crowns located in close proximity and prevents the formation of large crown clusters. Also, the statistical information built into the segmentation gives rise to an implicit detection scheme, because the shape template evolves towards an empty contour if not enough evidence for the object is present in the image. We test our method on 3 sample plots from the Bavarian Forest National Park with reference data obtained by manually marking individual dead tree polygons in the images. Our results are scenario-dependent and range from a correctness/completeness of 0.71/0.81 up to 0.77/1, with an average center-of-gravity displacement of 3-5 pixels between the detected and reference polygons.

Relationship between 'live' and dead benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the abyssal NE Atlantic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stefanoudis, Paris V.; Bett, Brian J.; Gooday, Andrew J.

2017-03-01

Dead foraminiferal assemblages within the sediment mixed layer provide an integrated, time-averaged view of the foraminiferal fauna, while the relationship between dead and live assemblages reflects the population dynamics of different species together with taphonomic processes operating over the last few hundred years. Here, we analysed four samples for 'live' (Rose-Bengal-stained) and dead benthic foraminifera (0-1 cm sediment layer, >150 μm) from four sites in the area of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (PAP-SO; NE Atlantic, 4850 m water depth). Two sites were located on abyssal hills and two on the adjacent abyssal plain. Our results indicate that the transition from live to dead benthic foraminiferal assemblages involved a dramatic loss of delicate agglutinated and organic-walled tests (e.g. Lagenammina, Nodellum, Reophax) with poor preservation potential, and to a lesser extent that of some relatively fragile calcareous tests (mostly miliolids), possibly a result of dissolution. Other processes, such as the transport of tests by bottom currents and predation, are unlikely to have substantially altered the composition of dead faunas. Positive live to dead ratios suggest that some species (notably Epistominella exigua and Bolivina spathulata) may have responded to recent phytodetritus input. Although the composition of live assemblages seemed to be influenced by seafloor topography (abyssal hills vs. plain), no such relation was found for dead assemblages. We suggest that PAP-SO fossil assemblages are likely to be comparable across topographically contrasting sites, and dominated by calcareous and some robust agglutinated forms with calcitic cement (e.g. Eggerella).

Somatic survival and organ donation among brain-dead patients in the state of Qatar.

PubMed

George, Saibu; Thomas, Merlin; Ibrahim, Wanis H; Abdussalam, Ahmed; Chandra, Prem; Ali, Husain Shabbir; Raza, Tasleem

2016-10-31

The Qatari law, as in many other countries, uses brain death as the main criteria for organ donation and cessation of medical support. By contrast, most of the public in Qatar do not agree with the limitation or withdrawal of medical care until the time of cardiac death. The current study aims to examine the duration of somatic survival after brain death, organ donation rate in brain-dead patients as well as review the underlying etiologies and level of support provided in the state of Qatar. This is a retrospective study of all patients diagnosed with brain death over a 10-year period conducted at the largest tertiary center in Qatar (Hamad General Hospital). Among the 53 patients who were diagnosed with brain death during the study period, the median and mean somatic survivals of brain-dead patients in the current study were 3 and 4.5 days respectively. The most common etiology was intracranial hemorrhage (45.3 %) followed by ischemic stroke (17 %). Ischemic stroke patients had a median survival of 11 days. Organ donation was accepted by only two families (6.6 %) of the 30 brain dead patients deemed suitable for organ donation. The average somatic survival of brain-dead patients is less than one week irrespective of supportive measures provided. Organ donation rate was extremely low among brain-dead patients in Qatar. Improved public education may lead to significant improvement in resource utilization as well as organ transplant donors and should be a major target area of future health care policies.

Study shows aspirin reduces the risk and recurrence of prostate cancer in African-American men | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

African-American men who take a daily dose of aspirin experience a significantly lower risk of developing advanced prostate cancer – the aggressive and deadly form of the disease – than African-American men who do not regularly use aspirin, according to a study from the Center for Cancer Research (CCR) Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis. Learn more...

Minding Your Business: How to Avoid the Seven Deadly Financial Pitfalls.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stephens, Keith

1990-01-01

Describes financial management problems typically encountered by child care center directors and owners. Offers suggestions for planning and management techniques to overcome problems of cash flow, budgeting, rising costs, underpricing, declining revenues, fee collection, and liquidity. (NH)

Deadly Fires Engulfing Madeira

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2016-12-30

... temperatures topping 95 degrees Fahrenheit and very dry weather. The entire island is only 30 miles (48 kilometers) from end to end, ... D.C. The Terra spacecraft is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland. The MISR data were obtained from the ...

Frequency, clinicopathological features and phylogenetic analysis of feline morbillivirus in cats in Istanbul, Turkey.

PubMed

Yilmaz, Huseyin; Tekelioglu, Bilge K; Gurel, Aydin; Bamac, Ozge E; Ozturk, Gulay Y; Cizmecigil, Utku Y; Altan, Eda; Aydin, Ozge; Yilmaz, Aysun; Berriatua, Eduardo; Helps, Chris R; Richt, Juergen A; Turan, Nuri

2017-12-01

Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate feline morbillivirus (FmoPV) frequency, phylogeny and associated pathology in cats in Istanbul, Turkey. Methods Samples from sick (n = 96) and dead ( n = 15) cats were analysed using reverse transcription PCR. Blood and urine analyses and histopathology were also performed. Results FmoPV RNA was detected in six cats (5.4%), including three sick (in the urine) and three dead cats (tissues). A significantly greater proportion of FmoPV RNA-positive cats had street access compared with non-infected cats. Blood samples from the morbillivirus-positive cats were negative for morbillivirus RNA. Tubular parenchymal cells, lymphoid and plasma cells in kidney and hepatocytes, lymphoid and plasma cells in liver from dead cats were also positive by immunohistochemistry for the viral N protein. Two FmoPV-positive cats were also positive for feline coronavirus RNA and one cat for feline immunodeficiency virus RNA and feline leukaemia virus proviral DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of the six FmoPV-positive cats showed that the strains were grouped into cluster D and had high similarity (98.5-100%) with strains from Japan and Germany. In the three FmoPV RNA-positive sick cats, respiratory, urinary and digestive system signs were observed as well as weight loss, fever and depression in some cats. Similar clinical signs were also seen in the morbillivirus RNA-negative sick cats. FmoPV RNA-positive cats had lower median red blood cell count, haemoglobin, albumin, albumin/globulin and urobilinogen and higher alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin compared with non-infected cats. Significant histopathology of FmoPV RNA-positive dead cats included tubulointerstitial nephritis characterised by severe granular and vacuolar degeneration of the epithelial cells of the cortical and medullary tubules as well as mononuclear cell infiltrates. Widespread lymphoid cell infiltrates were detected in the renal cortex and medullary regions of the kidneys. Cellular infiltration, cholangiohepatitis and focal necrosis in the liver were also found. Although virus-infected cells were found in the kidney and liver of FmoRV RNA-positive cats, tubulointerstitial nephritis, cholangiohepatitis and focal necrosis seen in FmoRV RNA-positive cats were similar to those observed in FmoRV RNA-negative cats. Conclusions and relevance This is the first study to show the presence of FmoPV infection in cats in Turkey. Sick cats, particularly those with kidney disease, should be tested for this virus. The genotypes found in this study were similar to previously reported strains, indicating that circulating morbilliviruses in Turkey are conserved.

Influence of Distributed Dead Loads on Vehicle Position for Maximum Moment in Simply Supported Bridges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Tanmay; Kumar, Manoj

2017-06-01

Usually, the design moments in the simply supported bridges are obtained as the sum of moments due to dead loads and live load where the live load moments are calculated using the rolling load concept neglecting the effect of dead loads. For the simply supported bridges, uniformly distributed dead load produces maximum moment at mid-span while the absolute maximum bending moment due to multi-axel vehicles occur under a wheel which usually do not lie at mid-span. Since, the location of absolute maximum bending moment due to multi-axel vehicle do not coincide with the location of maximum moment due to dead loads occurring at mid-span, the design moment may not be obtained by simply superimposing the effect of dead load and live load. Moreover, in case of Class-A and Class-70R wheeled vehicular live loads, which consists of several axels, the number of axels to be considered over the bridge of given span and their location is tedious to find out and needs several trials. The aim of the present study is to find the number of wheels for Class-A and Class-70R wheeled vehicles and their precise location to produce absolute maximum moment in the bridge considering the effect of dead loads and impact factor. Finally, in order to enable the designers, the design moments due to Class-70R wheeled and Class-A loading have been presented in tabular form for the spans from 10 to 50 m.

Deadly Choices empowering Indigenous Australians through social networking sites.

PubMed

McPhail-Bell, Karen; Appo, Nathan; Haymes, Alana; Bond, Chelsea; Brough, Mark; Fredericks, Bronwyn

2017-04-05

The potential for health promotion through social networking sites (SNSs) is widely recognized. However, while health promotion prides itself in focusing on the social determinants of health, its partiality for persuading individuals to comply with health behaviours dominates the way health promotion utilizes SNSs. This paper contributes to an understanding of collaborative ways SNSs can work for health promotion agendas of self-determination and empowerment in an Indigenous Australia context. An ethnographic study was undertaken with Deadly Choices, an Indigenous-led health promotion initiative. The study involved participant observation of interactions on Deadly Choices SNSs between Deadly Choices and its online community members. Deadly Choices provides an example of SNSs providing a powerful tool to create a safe, inclusive and positive space for Indigenous people and communities to profile their healthy choices, according to Indigenous notions of health and identity. The study found five principles that underpin Deadly Choices' use of SNSs for health promotion. These are: create a dialogue; build community online and offline; incentivise healthy online engagement; celebrate Indigenous identity and culture; and prioritize partnerships. Deadly Choices SNSs empowers Indigenous people and communities to be health promoters themselves, which represents a power shift from health promotion practitioner to Indigenous people and communities and more broadly, an enactment of Indigenous self-determination on SNSs. Mainstream health promotion can learn from Indigenous health promotion practice regarding the use of SNSs for health promotion agendas. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Statistical Sensor Fusion of a 9-DOF Mems Imu for Indoor Navigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chow, J. C. K.

2017-09-01

Sensor fusion of a MEMS IMU with a magnetometer is a popular system design, because such 9-DoF (degrees of freedom) systems are capable of achieving drift-free 3D orientation tracking. However, these systems are often vulnerable to ambient magnetic distortions and lack useful position information; in the absence of external position aiding (e.g. satellite/ultra-wideband positioning systems) the dead-reckoned position accuracy from a 9-DoF MEMS IMU deteriorates rapidly due to unmodelled errors. Positioning information is valuable in many satellite-denied geomatics applications (e.g. indoor navigation, location-based services, etc.). This paper proposes an improved 9-DoF IMU indoor pose tracking method using batch optimization. By adopting a robust in-situ user self-calibration approach to model the systematic errors of the accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer simultaneously in a tightly-coupled post-processed least-squares framework, the accuracy of the estimated trajectory from a 9-DoF MEMS IMU can be improved. Through a combination of relative magnetic measurement updates and a robust weight function, the method is able to tolerate a high level of magnetic distortions. The proposed auto-calibration method was tested in-use under various heterogeneous magnetic field conditions to mimic a person walking with the sensor in their pocket, a person checking their phone, and a person walking with a smartwatch. In these experiments, the presented algorithm improved the in-situ dead-reckoning orientation accuracy by 79.8-89.5 % and the dead-reckoned positioning accuracy by 72.9-92.8 %, thus reducing the relative positioning error from metre-level to decimetre-level after ten seconds of integration, without making assumptions about the user's dynamics.

Pakistan-U.S. Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-02-06

Peshawar. Days later, an Iranian diplomat in Peshawar was kidnaped by suspected Sunni militants, and a Japanese journalist and his Afghan colleague were...center, a café frequented by foreigners, a cinema house, and two hospitals. Six American citizens were among the 26 foreigners reported dead. Indian

NASA MISR Images Tsunami Inundation Along Japan Eastern Coast

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-12

The extent of inundation from the destructive and deadly tsunami triggered by the March 11, 2011, magnitude 8.9 earthquake centered off Japan northeastern coast east of the city of Sendai is revealed in this image pair from NASA Terra spacecraft.

Earth Observation taken during the 41G mission

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-06-25

41G-120-056 (October 1984) --- Parts of Israel, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria and Jordan and part of the Mediterranean Sea are seen in this nearly-vertical, large format camera's view from the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Challenger. The Sea of Galilee is at center frame and the Dead Sea at bottom center. The frame's center coordinates are 32.5 degrees north latitude and 35.5 degrees east longitude. A Linhof camera, using 4" x 5" film, was used to expose the frame through one of the windows on Challenger's aft flight deck.

Rain from Tropical Storm Noel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2007-01-01

Though not the most powerful storm of the 2007 Atlantic Hurricane season, Tropical Storm Noel was among the most deadly. Only Category 5 Hurricane Felix and its associated flooding had a higher toll. The slow-moving Tropical Storm Noel inundated the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Cuba, and the Bahamas with heavy rain between October 28 and November 1, 2007. The resulting floods and mudslides left at least 115 dead and thousands homeless throughout the Caribbean, reported the Associated Press on November 2, 2007. This image shows the distribution of the rainfall that made Noel a deadly storm. The image shows rainfall totals as measured by the Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (MPA) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center from October 26 through November 1, 2007. The analysis is based on measurements taken by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. The heaviest rainfall fell in the Dominican Republic and the Bahamas, northeast of Noel's center. Areas of dark red show that rainfall totals over the south-central Dominican Republic and parts of the Bahamas were over 551 millimeters (21 inches). Much of eastern Hispaniola, including both the Dominican Republic and Haiti received at least 200 mm (about 8 inches) of rain, shown in yellow. Rainfall totals over Haiti and Cuba were less, with a range of at least 50 mm (2 inches) to over 200 mm (8 inches).

Optical coupler

DOEpatents

Majewski, Stanislaw; Weisenberger, Andrew G.

2004-06-15

In a camera or similar radiation sensitive device comprising a pixilated scintillation layer, a light guide and an array of position sensitive photomultiplier tubes, wherein there exists so-called dead space between adjacent photomultiplier tubes the improvement comprising a two part light guide comprising a first planar light spreading layer or portion having a first surface that addresses the scintillation layer and optically coupled thereto at a second surface that addresses the photomultiplier tubes, a second layer or portion comprising an array of trapezoidal light collectors defining gaps that span said dead space and are individually optically coupled to individual position sensitive photomultiplier tubes. According to a preferred embodiment, coupling of the trapezoidal light collectors to the position sensitive photomultiplier tubes is accomplished using an optical grease having about the same refractive index as the material of construction of the two part light guide.

A study on knowledge and attitude toward brain death and organ retrieval among health care professionals in Korea.

PubMed

Jeon, K O; Kim, B N; Kim, H S; Byeon, N-I; Hong, J J; Bae, S H; Son, S Y

2012-05-01

The practice of retrieving vital organs from brain-dead donors is legally and medically accepted in Korea, but health care professionals' beliefs and opinions regarding these matters have not been sufficiently explored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of health care professionals to the concepts of brain death and organ retrieval. Data were collected using a 41-item questionnaire during a week in June 2011. Sixty-one doctors and 109 nurses from five hospitals with more than 2000 beds in Seoul, Korea, participated in the survey. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, Illinois, USA). There were statistically significant differences in the scores on knowledge according to marital status (P = .001) education level (P = .019), whether the participants were informed about organ donation from a brain-dead donor (P = .002), and the participant's experience managing potential brain-dead patients (P = .037). There were statistically significant differences in the scores on the attitude according to gender (P < .001), age (P < .001), marital status (P < .001), education level (P = .003), job position (P < .001), and the participant's experience referring brain-dead patients to the hospital-based organ procurement organization (P = .001). Significantly, attitude's positively correlated with knowledge about brain-dead organ donation (P < .001). Compared with previous studies, the knowledge and attitudes of health care professionals' regarding brain death and organ retrieval were not improved. There are passive attitudes to brain death and organ retrieval. More research must be performed to promote knowledge and understanding toward brain death and organ retrieval among health care professionals. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PET Performance Evaluation of an MR-Compatible PET Insert

PubMed Central

Wu, Yibao; Catana, Ciprian; Farrell, Richard; Dokhale, Purushottam A.; Shah, Kanai S.; Qi, Jinyi; Cherry, Simon R.

2010-01-01

A magnetic resonance (MR) compatible positron emission tomography (PET) insert has been developed in our laboratory for simultaneous small animal PET/MR imaging. This system is based on lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) scintillator arrays with position-sensitive avalanche photodiode (PSAPD) photodetectors. The PET performance of this insert has been measured. The average reconstructed image spatial resolution was 1.51 mm. The sensitivity at the center of the field of view (CFOV) was 0.35%, which is comparable to the simulation predictions of 0.40%. The average photopeak energy resolution was 25%. The scatter fraction inside the MRI scanner with a line source was 12% (with a mouse-sized phantom and standard 35 mm Bruker 1H RF coil), 7% (with RF coil only) and 5% (without phantom or RF coil) for an energy window of 350–650 keV. The front-end electronics had a dead time of 390 ns, and a trigger extension dead time of 7.32 μs that degraded counting rate performance for injected doses above ~0.75 mCi (28 MBq). The peak noise-equivalent count rate (NECR) of 1.27 kcps was achieved at 290 μCi (10.7 MBq). The system showed good imaging performance inside a 7-T animal MRI system; however improvements in data acquisition electronics and reduction of the coincidence timing window are needed to realize improved NECR performance. PMID:21072320

Ultraviolet radiation properties as applied to photoclimatherapy at the Dead Sea.

PubMed

Kudish, A I; Abels, D; Harari, M

2003-05-01

The Dead Sea basin, the lowest terrestrial point on earth, is recognized as a natural treatment center for patients with various cutaneous and rheumatic diseases. Psoriasis is the major skin disease treated at the Dead Sea with excellent improvement to complete clearance exceeding 85% after 4 weeks of treatment. These results were postulated to be associated with a unique spectrum of ultraviolet radiation present in the Dead Sea area. The UVB and UVA radiation at two sites is measured continuously by identical sets of broad-band Solar Light Co. Inc. meters (Philadelphia, PA). The spectral selectivity within the UVB and UVA spectrum was determined using a narrow-band spectroradiometer, UV-Optronics 742 (Orlando, FL). The optimum exposure time intervals for photoclimatherapy, defined as the minimum ratio of erythema to therapeutic radiation intensities, were also determined using a Solar Light Co. Inc. Microtops II, Ozone Monitor-Sunphotometer. The ultraviolet radiation at the Dead Sea is attenuated relative to Beer Sheva as a result of the increased optical path length and consequent enhanced scattering. The UVB radiation is attenuated to a greater extent than UVA and the shorter erythema UVB spectral range decreased significantly compared with the longer therapeutic UVB wavelengths. It was demonstrated that the relative attenuation within the UVB spectral range is greatest for the shorter erythema rays and less for the longer therapeutic UVB wavelengths, thus producing a greater proportion of the longer therapeutic UVB wavelengths in the ultraviolet spectrum. These measurements can be utilized to minimize the exposure to solar radiation by correlating the cumulative UVB radiation dose to treatment efficacy and by formulating a patient sun exposure treatment protocol for Dead Sea photoclimatherapy.

Novel analysis of 4DCT imaging quantifies progressive increases in anatomic dead space during mechanical ventilation in mice.

PubMed

Kim, Elizabeth H; Preissner, Melissa; Carnibella, Richard P; Samarage, Chaminda R; Bennett, Ellen; Diniz, Marcio A; Fouras, Andreas; Zosky, Graeme R; Jones, Heather D

2017-09-01

Increased dead space is an important prognostic marker in early acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that correlates with mortality. The cause of increased dead space in ARDS has largely been attributed to increased alveolar dead space due to ventilation/perfusion mismatching and shunt. We sought to determine whether anatomic dead space also increases in response to mechanical ventilation. Mice received intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline and mechanical ventilation (MV). Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) scans were performed at onset of MV and after 5 h of MV. Detailed measurements of airway volumes and lung tidal volumes were performed using image analysis software. The forced oscillation technique was used to obtain measures of airway resistance, tissue damping, and tissue elastance. The ratio of airway volumes to total tidal volume increased significantly in response to 5 h of mechanical ventilation, regardless of LPS exposure, and airways demonstrated significant variation in volumes over the respiratory cycle. These findings were associated with an increase in tissue elastance (decreased lung compliance) but without changes in tidal volumes. Airway volumes increased over time with exposure to mechanical ventilation without a concomitant increase in tidal volumes. These findings suggest that anatomic dead space fraction increases progressively with exposure to positive pressure ventilation and may represent a pathological process. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that anatomic dead space ventilation increases significantly over time in mice in response to mechanical ventilation. The novel functional lung-imaging techniques applied here yield sensitive measures of airway volumes that may have wide applications. Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.

Advanced Integration of WiFi and Inertial Navigation Systems for Indoor Mobile Positioning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Evennou, Frédéric; Marx, François

2006-12-01

This paper presents an aided dead-reckoning navigation structure and signal processing algorithms for self localization of an autonomous mobile device by fusing pedestrian dead reckoning and WiFi signal strength measurements. WiFi and inertial navigation systems (INS) are used for positioning and attitude determination in a wide range of applications. Over the last few years, a number of low-cost inertial sensors have become available. Although they exhibit large errors, WiFi measurements can be used to correct the drift weakening the navigation based on this technology. On the other hand, INS sensors can interact with the WiFi positioning system as they provide high-accuracy real-time navigation. A structure based on a Kalman filter and a particle filter is proposed. It fuses the heterogeneous information coming from those two independent technologies. Finally, the benefits of the proposed architecture are evaluated and compared with the pure WiFi and INS positioning systems.

Closeup view under the track at the center/pivot pier showing ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Close-up view under the track at the center/pivot pier showing the system of distributing girders which transfer all the load of the swing span, both dead, live load, wind, etc., onto the circular drum, thence to the rim bearing 40 20-inch diameter wheels. Note: The track timber ties supported on the bottom truss chord of the swing span truss. - Bridgeport Swing Span Bridge, Spanning Tennessee River, Bridgeport, Jackson County, AL

Extra X-rays at the Hub of Our Milky Way Galaxy

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-04-29

NASA's Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, or NuSTAR, has captured a new high-energy X-ray view (magenta, Figure 1) of the bustling center of our Milky Way galaxy. The smaller circle shows the area where the NuSTAR image was taken -- the very center of our galaxy, where a giant black hole resides. That region is enlarged to the right, in the larger circle, to show the NuSTAR data. The NuSTAR picture is one of the most detailed ever taken of the center of our galaxy in high-energy X-rays. The X-ray light, normally invisible to our eyes, has been assigned the color magenta. The brightest point of light near the center of the X-ray picture is coming from a spinning dead star, known as a pulsar, which is near the giant black hole. While the pulsar's X-ray emissions were known before, scientists were surprised to find more high-energy X-rays than predicted in the surrounding regions, seen here as the elliptical haze. Astronomers aren't sure what the sources of the extra X-rays are, but one possibility is a population of dead stars. The background picture was captured in infrared light by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope. The NuSTAR image has an X-ray energy range of 20 to 40 kiloelectron volts. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA19334

Common occurrence of zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium meleagridis in broiler chickens and turkeys in Algeria.

PubMed

Baroudi, Djamel; Khelef, Djamel; Goucem, Rachid; Adjou, Karim T; Adamu, Haileeyesus; Zhang, Hongwei; Xiao, Lihua

2013-09-23

Only a small number of birds have been identified by molecular techniques as having Cryptosporidium meleagridis, the third most important species for human cryptosporidiosis. In this study, using PCR-RFLP analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, we examined the ileum of 90 dead chickens from 23 farms and 57 dead turkeys from 16 farms in Algeria for Cryptosporidium spp. C. meleagridis-positive specimens were subtyped by sequence analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene. Cryptosporidium infection rates were 34% and 44% in chickens and turkeys, respectively, with all positive turkeys (25) and most positive chickens (26/31) having C. meleagridis. All C. meleagridis specimens belonged to a new subtype family. The frequent occurrence of C. meleagridis in chickens and turkeys illustrates the potential for zoonotic transmission of cryptosporidiosis in Algeria. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Indoor localization using pedestrian dead reckoning updated with RFID-based fiducials.

PubMed

House, Samuel; Connell, Sean; Milligan, Ian; Austin, Daniel; Hayes, Tamara L; Chiang, Patrick

2011-01-01

We describe a low-cost wearable system that tracks the location of individuals indoors using commonly available inertial navigation sensors fused with radio frequency identification (RFID) tags placed around the smart environment. While conventional pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) calculated with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) is susceptible to sensor drift inaccuracies, the proposed wearable prototype fuses the drift-sensitive IMU with a RFID tag reader. Passive RFID tags placed throughout the smart-building then act as fiducial markers that update the physical locations of each user, thereby correcting positional errors and sensor inaccuracy. Experimental measurements taken for a 55 m × 20 m 2D floor space indicate an over 1200% improvement in average error rate of the proposed RFID-fused system over dead reckoning alone.

31 CFR 700.11 - Weapons and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Weapons and explosives. 700.11 Section... ENFORCEMENT TRAINING CENTER (FLETC) BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS § 700.11 Weapons and explosives. No person, while on the property, shall carry firearms, other dangerous or deadly weapons, or explosives, either openly or...

31 CFR 700.11 - Weapons and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Weapons and explosives. 700.11 Section... ENFORCEMENT TRAINING CENTER (FLETC) BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS § 700.11 Weapons and explosives. No person, while on the property, shall carry firearms, other dangerous or deadly weapons, or explosives, either openly or...

7 CFR 503.13 - Weapons and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 6 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Weapons and explosives. 503.13 Section 503.13... OF AGRICULTURE CONDUCT ON PLUM ISLAND ANIMAL DISEASE CENTER § 503.13 Weapons and explosives. No person while in or on the PIADC shall carry firearms or other dangerous or deadly weapons or explosives...

7 CFR 503.13 - Weapons and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 6 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Weapons and explosives. 503.13 Section 503.13... OF AGRICULTURE CONDUCT ON PLUM ISLAND ANIMAL DISEASE CENTER § 503.13 Weapons and explosives. No person while in or on the PIADC shall carry firearms or other dangerous or deadly weapons or explosives...

7 CFR 503.13 - Weapons and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Weapons and explosives. 503.13 Section 503.13... OF AGRICULTURE CONDUCT ON PLUM ISLAND ANIMAL DISEASE CENTER § 503.13 Weapons and explosives. No person while in or on the PIADC shall carry firearms or other dangerous or deadly weapons or explosives...

31 CFR 700.11 - Weapons and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Weapons and explosives. 700.11 Section... ENFORCEMENT TRAINING CENTER (FLETC) BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS § 700.11 Weapons and explosives. No person, while on the property, shall carry firearms, other dangerous or deadly weapons, or explosives, either openly or...

7 CFR 503.13 - Weapons and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 6 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Weapons and explosives. 503.13 Section 503.13... OF AGRICULTURE CONDUCT ON PLUM ISLAND ANIMAL DISEASE CENTER § 503.13 Weapons and explosives. No person while in or on the PIADC shall carry firearms or other dangerous or deadly weapons or explosives...

31 CFR 700.11 - Weapons and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Weapons and explosives. 700.11... FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT TRAINING CENTER (FLETC) BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS § 700.11 Weapons and explosives. No person, while on the property, shall carry firearms, other dangerous or deadly weapons, or explosives...

7 CFR 503.13 - Weapons and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Weapons and explosives. 503.13 Section 503.13... OF AGRICULTURE CONDUCT ON PLUM ISLAND ANIMAL DISEASE CENTER § 503.13 Weapons and explosives. No person while in or on the PIADC shall carry firearms or other dangerous or deadly weapons or explosives...

31 CFR 700.11 - Weapons and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Weapons and explosives. 700.11 Section... ENFORCEMENT TRAINING CENTER (FLETC) BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS § 700.11 Weapons and explosives. No person, while on the property, shall carry firearms, other dangerous or deadly weapons, or explosives, either openly or...

New clinical trial aims to prevent breast cancer from recurring in the brain | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

In some types of breast cancer, the tumor cells spread more frequently to the brain. A new clinical trial run by CCR investigators will test whether a drug called temozolomide can prevent these deadly lesions from recurring. Read more... 

Designing and Testing Functional RNA Nanoparticles | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

Recent advances in nanotechnology have generated excitement that nanomaterials may provide novel approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of deadly diseases, such as cancer. However, the use of synthetic materials to generate nanoparticles can present challenges with endotoxin content, sterility, or biocompatibility. Employing biological materials may overcome these issues

Some helminth parasites of the American bald eagle

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kocan, A.A.; Locke, L.N.

1974-01-01

Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) found dead or moribund in the United States and Canada and submitted to Patuxent Wildlife Research Center were examined for helminth parasites. Nine genera of helminths were reported which include new host records for Clinostomum complanatum, Neogogatea pandionis, Centrorhynchus sp., Serratospiculum amaculata, Capillaria contorta, and Habronema americanum.

The Design of WORKER'S Behavior Analysis Method in Workplace Using Indoor Positioning Technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tabata, K.; Konno, H.; Nakajima, M.

2016-06-01

This study presents a method for analyzing workers' behavior using indoor positioning technology and field test in the workplace. Recently, various indoor positioning methods, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth low energy (BLE), visible light communication, Japan's indoor messaging system, ultra-wide band (UWB), and pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR), have been investigated. The development of these technologies allows tracking of movement of both people and/or goods in indoor spaces, people and/or goods behavior analysis is expected as one of the key technologies for operation optimization. However, when we use these technologies for human tracking, there are some problem as follows. 1) Many cases need to use dedicated facilities (e.g. UWB). 2) When we use smartphone as sensing device, battery depletion is one of the big problem (especially using PDR). 3) the accuracy is instability for tracking (e.g. Wi-Fi). Based on these matters, in this study we designed and developed an indoor positioning system using BLE positioning. And, we adopted smartphone for business use as sensing device, developed a smartphone application runs on android OS. Moreover, we conducted the field test of developed system at Itoki Corporation's ITOKI Tokyo Innovation Center, SYNQA, office (Tokyo, Japan). Over 40 workers participated in this field test, and worker tracking log data were collected for 6 weeks. We analyzed the characteristics of the workers' behavior using this log data as a prototyping.

Analysis of Insecticides in Dead Wild Birds in Korea from 2010 to 2013.

PubMed

Kim, Soohee; Park, Mi-Young; Kim, Hyo-Jin; Shin, Jin Young; Ko, Kyung Yuk; Kim, Dong-Gyu; Kim, MeeKyung; Kang, Hwan-Goo; So, ByungJae; Park, Sung-Won

2016-01-01

Wild birds are exposed to insecticides in a variety of ways, at different dose levels and via multiple routes, including ingestion of contaminated food items, and dermal, inhalation, preening, and embryonic exposure. Most poisoning by insecticides occurs as a result of misuse or accidental exposure, but intentional killing of unwanted animals also occurs. In this study, we investigated insecticides in the gastric contents of dead wild birds that were suspected to have died from insecticide poisoning based on necropsy. The wild birds were found dead in various regions and locations such as in mountains, and agricultural and urban areas. A total of 182 dead wild birds of 27 species were analyzed in this study, and insecticide residue levels were determined in 60.4% of the total samples analyzed. Monocrotophos and phosphamidon were the most common insecticides identified at rates of 50.0% and 30.7% of the insecticide-positive samples, respectively. Other insecticides identified in dead wild birds included organophosphorous, organochlorine and carbamate insecticides. However, there was limited evidence to conclusively establish the cause of death related to insecticides in this study. Nevertheless, considering the level of insecticide exposure, it is speculated that the exposure was mainly a result of accidental or intentional killing, and not from environmental residue.

Marginalia: Women in the Academic Workforce.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cadet, Nancy

1989-01-01

Looks at the function and status of women faculty at colleges and universities in the United States. Focuses on how the adjunct faculty position when used as an economizing strategy by administrators places women in permanent disadvantaged and dead-end positions. Reviews adjunct faculty organizational efforts to make demands for pay equity and…

Improving IMES Localization Accuracy by Integrating Dead Reckoning Information

PubMed Central

Fujii, Kenjiro; Arie, Hiroaki; Wang, Wei; Kaneko, Yuto; Sakamoto, Yoshihiro; Schmitz, Alexander; Sugano, Shigeki

2016-01-01

Indoor positioning remains an open problem, because it is difficult to achieve satisfactory accuracy within an indoor environment using current radio-based localization technology. In this study, we investigate the use of Indoor Messaging System (IMES) radio for high-accuracy indoor positioning. A hybrid positioning method combining IMES radio strength information and pedestrian dead reckoning information is proposed in order to improve IMES localization accuracy. For understanding the carrier noise ratio versus distance relation for IMES radio, the signal propagation of IMES radio is modeled and identified. Then, trilateration and extended Kalman filtering methods using the radio propagation model are developed for position estimation. These methods are evaluated through robot localization and pedestrian localization experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid positioning method achieved average estimation errors of 217 and 1846 mm in robot localization and pedestrian localization, respectively. In addition, in order to examine the reason for the positioning accuracy of pedestrian localization being much lower than that of robot localization, the influence of the human body on the radio propagation is experimentally evaluated. The result suggests that the influence of the human body can be modeled. PMID:26828492

Factors affecting fall down rates of dead aspen (Populus tremuloides) biomass following severe drought in west-central Canada.

PubMed

Ted Hogg, Edward H; Michaelian, Michael

2015-05-01

Increases in mortality of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) have been recorded across large areas of western North America following recent periods of exceptionally severe drought. The resultant increase in standing, dead tree biomass represents a significant potential source of carbon emissions to the atmosphere, but the timing of emissions is partially driven by dead-wood dynamics which include the fall down and breakage of dead aspen stems. The rate at which dead trees fall to the ground also strongly influences the period over which forest dieback episodes can be detected by aerial surveys or satellite remote sensing observations. Over a 12-year period (2000-2012), we monitored the annual status of 1010 aspen trees that died during and following a severe regional drought within 25 study areas across west-central Canada. Observations of stem fall down and breakage (snapping) were used to estimate woody biomass transfer from standing to downed dead wood as a function of years since tree death. For the region as a whole, we estimated that >80% of standing dead aspen biomass had fallen after 10 years. Overall, the rate of fall down was minimal during the year following stem death, but thereafter fall rates followed a negative exponential equation with k = 0.20 per year. However, there was high between-site variation in the rate of fall down (k = 0.08-0.37 per year). The analysis showed that fall down rates were positively correlated with stand age, site windiness, and the incidence of decay fungi (Phellinus tremulae (Bond.) Bond. and Boris.) and wood-boring insects. These factors are thus likely to influence the rate of carbon emissions from dead trees following periods of climate-related forest die-off episodes. © 2014 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Global Change Biology © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Natural Resources Canada.

A Hybrid Indoor Localization and Navigation System with Map Matching for Pedestrians Using Smartphones.

PubMed

Tian, Qinglin; Salcic, Zoran; Wang, Kevin I-Kai; Pan, Yun

2015-12-05

Pedestrian dead reckoning is a common technique applied in indoor inertial navigation systems that is able to provide accurate tracking performance within short distances. Sensor drift is the main bottleneck in extending the system to long-distance and long-term tracking. In this paper, a hybrid system integrating traditional pedestrian dead reckoning based on the use of inertial measurement units, short-range radio frequency systems and particle filter map matching is proposed. The system is a drift-free pedestrian navigation system where position error and sensor drift is regularly corrected and is able to provide long-term accurate and reliable tracking. Moreover, the whole system is implemented on a commercial off-the-shelf smartphone and achieves real-time positioning and tracking performance with satisfactory accuracy.

Dignity at the end of our days: personal, familial, and cultural location.

PubMed

McDonald, Michael

2004-01-01

The desire to be treated with dignity, particularly at the end of one's life, is a fairly universal preference found in most cultures. Such treatment requires positive actions of respect in the behaviour of others toward the dying and the dead. It also involves negative actions, particularly refraining from doing "dignatory harms" to the dead and the dying. Yet it is not always easy for clinicians and researchers who deal with the dying and dead to decide on appropriate action or inaction. I suggest that such decision making can be helped by locating the dying person along three dimensions: the personal, the familial, and the cultural. These elements are interrelated in complex ways that need to be unpacked in context. Thus, one person may locate herself within a familial context while a sibling may locate himself against that context. While locating individuals along the three dimensions suggested does not "solve" ethical problems, it should help clinicians in understanding and dealing more compassionately with the dead, the dying, their families, and their communities.

A note on the effects of replenishment of depleted cells on HIV infection dynamics: A graph-theoretic approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mukwembi, Simon

2008-02-01

We study the effects of the rate of replacement of dead cells by either healthy cells or by infected cells on HIV infection dynamics through a graph-theoretic approach. Our framework takes into account a reasonable amount of the immune action to any pathogen and the local cell interactions that occur in the lymph nodes. Our results, in an extremal case where dead cells are highly likely to be replaced by healthy cells, show that all cells become healthy in a finite number of steps of given order and infection stops propagating. Further, for this extremal case, we give an algebraic formula for the number of infected cells at any given time in the HIV progression. We also find a sufficient condition, determined by dead cell replacement rate, which guarantees that an infected patient is continually positive, and give bounds on the number of infected, healthy and dead cells at any given time. We apply our theoretical results to a recently proposed model of the HIV infection dynamics.

Quantifying surface water runoff from Wadi Arogut towards the Dead Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geyer, Stefan; Khayat, Saed; Marei, Amer

2015-04-01

The surrounded area of the Dead Sea, especially the west side suffers from many hydrological problems. While the Dead Sea level drop considered a major problem that affect the quality of the surrounded freshwater resources, a lot of the surface water flood from the adjacent Wadi are lost through direct run off without any exploitation. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain a type of balance between surface water exploitation through the Wadi and at the same time allow a sufficient amount of flow to the Dead Sea to ensure its sustainability. In this study, we choose one of the larger tributaries in the western side of the Dead Sea basin. The stream was modelled for runoff response to different rainfall amount and climate conditions (dry, normal, and wet seasons) which were chosen from the rainy seasons in the previous 30 years. Finally, the amount of surface water contribution from each of the three seasons of the Dead Sea was quantified. The outcome of the model shows the results from the normal rainy season, which is frequently reoccurs and common in the region. The model data show that such events normally contribute with about 18-22 MCM annually to the Dead Sea. The problem is with the recurrence of dry season such as 2005/2006, by which the amount of the surface water decrease and consequently has adverse effect on the Dead Sea. However, the presence of less frequent thunder storm season such as that one in 1991/1992 has also a positive effect on the Dead Sea level. In the rainy season 1991/1992 there was a higher amount of rainfall over the study area that reaches around 155 MCM. Despite the presence of this high amount most of the recharge lost to the ground as groundwater recharge. The high amount of rain increases the amount of inundated surface water out of the Wadi banks and covers more surfaces all over the study area, which in role promote more water loss to the ground. That is why the total loss (rather than surface runoff) was much higher (77%). Moreover, 50% less precipitation in 2006 decrease the Dead Sea five metres within five years, and 60% 1992 increase of precipitation raise the water level two metre only for two to three next years. How can we balance the groundwater needs and the Dead Sea survival with those 40% surface water? By no mean: preventing the Dead Sea decline by increasing runoff will not only preventing the fresh water deterioration, but also it will be in the account of groundwater recharge in the surrounding aquifers of the Dead Sea. These conclusions suggest strongly the need of an integrated groundwater model, in order to quantify all scenarios.

Small step tracking - Implications for the oculomotor 'dead zone'. [eye response failure below threshold target displacements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wyman, D.; Steinman, R. M.

1973-01-01

Recently Timberlake, Wyman, Skavenski, and Steinman (1972) concluded in a study of the oculomotor error signal in the fovea that 'the oculomotor dead zone is surely smaller than 10 min and may even be less than 5 min (smaller than the 0.25 to 0.5 deg dead zone reported by Rashbass (1961) with similar stimulus conditions).' The Timberlake et al. speculation is confirmed by demonstrating that the fixating eye consistently and accurately corrects target displacements as small as 3.4 min. The contact lens optical lever technique was used to study the manner in which the oculomotor system responds to small step displacements of the fixation target. Subjects did, without prior practice, use saccades to correct step displacements of the fixation target just as they correct small position errors during maintained fixation.

Space Radar Image of Jerusalem and the Dead Sea

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

This space radar image shows the area surrounding the Dead Sea along the West Bank between Israel and Jordan. This region is of major cultural and historical importance to millions of Muslims, Jews and Christians who consider it the Holy Land. The yellow area at the top of the image is the city of Jericho. A portion of the Dead Sea is shown as the large black area at the top right side of the image. The Jordan River is the white line at the top of the image which flows into the Dead Sea. Jerusalem, which lies in the Judaean Hill Country, is the bright, yellowish area shown along the left center of the image. Just below and to the right of Jerusalem is the town of Bethlehem. The city of Hebron is the white, yellowish area near the bottom of the image. The area around Jerusalem has a history of more than 2,000 years of settlement and scientists are hoping to use these data to unveil more about this region's past. The Jordan River Valley is part of an active fault and rift system that extends from southern Turkey and connects with the east African rift zone. This fault system has produced major earthquakes throughout history and some scientists theorize that an earthquake may have caused the fall of Jericho's walls. The Dead Sea basin is formed by active earthquake faulting and contains the lowest place on the Earth's surface at about 400 meters (1,300 feet) below sea level. It was in caves along the northern shore of the Dead Sea that the Dead Sea Scrolls were found in 1947. The blue and green areas are generally regions of undeveloped hills and the dark green areas are the smooth lowlands of the Jordan River valley. This image is 73 kilometers by 45 kilometers (45 miles by 28 miles) and is centered at 31.7 degrees north latitude, 35.4 degrees east longitude. North is toward the upper left. The colors are assigned to different radar frequencies and polarizations as follows: red is L-band, horizontally transmitted and vertically received; green is L-band, horizontally transmitted and horizontally received; and blue is C-band, horizontally transmitted and vertically received. The image was acquired by the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) on October 3, 1994 onboard the space shuttle Endeavour. SIR-C/X-SAR, a joint mission of the German, Italian and United States space agencies, is part of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth. Each flight of SIR-C/X-SAR collected data at more than 400 sites around the globe. The science team is using images like this one to help answer various scientific questions about the condition of ecosystems, the extent of snow and ice packs, geologic activity such as volcanoes and earthquakes, and measurement of ocean waves and currents.

Development of a Skin Cancer Prevention Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hatmaker, Grace

2003-01-01

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) now categorizes skin cancer as epidemic. Nearly 90% of these deadly cancers start from sun exposure during the childhood years. This makes sun exposure in school-age children a serious public health risk, also one that school nurses can address. Solar radiation is now classified as a "known…

An experimental test of the habitat-amount hypothesis for saproxylic beetles in a forested region.

PubMed

Seibold, Sebastian; Bässler, Claus; Brandl, Roland; Fahrig, Lenore; Förster, Bernhard; Heurich, Marco; Hothorn, Torsten; Scheipl, Fabian; Thorn, Simon; Müller, Jörg

2017-06-01

The habitat-amount hypothesis challenges traditional concepts that explain species richness within habitats, such as the habitat-patch hypothesis, where species number is a function of patch size and patch isolation. It posits that effects of patch size and patch isolation are driven by effects of sample area, and thus that the number of species at a site is basically a function of the total habitat amount surrounding this site. We tested the habitat-amount hypothesis for saproxylic beetles and their habitat of dead wood by using an experiment comprising 190 plots with manipulated patch sizes situated in a forested region with a high variation in habitat amount (i.e., density of dead trees in the surrounding landscape). Although dead wood is a spatio-temporally dynamic habitat, saproxylic insects have life cycles shorter than the time needed for habitat turnover and they closely track their resource. Patch size was manipulated by adding various amounts of downed dead wood to the plots (~800 m³ in total); dead trees in the surrounding landscape (~240 km 2 ) were identified using airborne laser scanning (light detection and ranging). Over 3 yr, 477 saproxylic species (101,416 individuals) were recorded. Considering 20-1,000 m radii around the patches, local landscapes were identified as having a radius of 40-120 m. Both patch size and habitat amount in the local landscapes independently affected species numbers without a significant interaction effect, hence refuting the island effect. Species accumulation curves relative to cumulative patch size were not consistent with either the habitat-patch hypothesis or the habitat-amount hypothesis: several small dead-wood patches held more species than a single large patch with an amount of dead wood equal to the sum of that of the small patches. Our results indicate that conservation of saproxylic beetles in forested regions should primarily focus on increasing the overall amount of dead wood without considering its spatial arrangement. This means dead wood should be added wherever possible including in local landscapes with low or high dead-wood amounts. For species that have disappeared from most forests owing to anthropogenic habitat degradation, this should, however, be complemented by specific conservation measures pursued within their extant distributional ranges. © 2017 by the Ecological Society of America.

Congenital syphilis: trends in mortality and morbidity in the United States, 1999 through 2013.

PubMed

Su, John R; Brooks, Lesley C; Davis, Darlene W; Torrone, Elizabeth A; Weinstock, Hillard S; Kamb, Mary L

2016-03-01

Congenital syphilis (CS) results when an infected pregnant mother transmits syphilis to her unborn child prior to or at delivery. The severity of infection can range from a delivery at term without signs of infection to stillbirth or death after delivery. We sought to describe CS morbidity and mortality during 1999 through 2013. National CS case data reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during 1999 through 2013 were analyzed. Cases were classified as dead (stillbirths and deaths up to 12 months after delivery), morbid (cases with strong [physical, radiographic, and/or nonserologic laboratory] evidence of CS), and nonmorbid (cases with a normal physical examination reported, without strong evidence of infection). Annual rates of these cases were calculated. Cases were compared using selected maternal and infant criteria. During 1999 through 2013, 6383 cases of CS were reported: 6.5% dead, 33.6% morbid, 53.9% nonmorbid, and 5.9% unknown morbidity; 81.8% of dead cases were stillbirths. Rates of dead, morbid, and nonmorbid cases all decreased over this time period, but the overall proportions that were dead or morbid cases did not significantly change. The overall case fatality ratio during 1999 through 2013 was 6.5%. Among cases of CS, maternal race/ethnicity was not associated with increased morbidity or death, although most cases (83%) occurred among black or Hispanic mothers. No or inadequate treatment for maternal syphilis, <10 prenatal visits, and maternal nontreponemal titer ≥1:8 increased the likelihood of a dead case; risk of a dead case increased with maternal nontreponemal titer (χ(2) for trend P < .001). Infants with CS born alive at <28 weeks' gestation (relative risk, 107.4; P < .001) or born weighing <1500 g (relative risk, 43.9; P < .001) were at greatly increased risk of death. CS remains an important preventable cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, with comparable case fatality ratios during 1999 through 2013 (6.5%) and 1992 through 1998 (6.4%). Detection and treatment of syphilis early during pregnancy remain crucial to reducing CS morbidity and mortality. Published by Elsevier Inc.

One Hundred and One Uses of a Dead Shakespeare.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elsden, Kay

1999-01-01

Provides a self-help questionnaire to enable teachers to find a position for teaching Shakespeare. Explores the concept of "uses" of Shakespeare as they vary from the conventional to the curious. Reports a 75% positive result to a survey of 35 students following their study of "Hamlet" that combined the introduction of explicit…

Coastal Piloting & Charting: Navigation 101.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Osinski, Alison

This curriculum guide for a beginning course on marine navigation describes marine navigation (the art of and science of determining position of a ship and its movement from one position to another in order to keep track of where the ship is and where it is going) and defines dead reckoning, piloting, electronic navigation, and celestial…

Optimal sensor fusion for land vehicle navigation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Morrow, J.D.

1990-10-01

Position location is a fundamental requirement in autonomous mobile robots which record and subsequently follow x,y paths. The Dept. of Energy, Office of Safeguards and Security, Robotic Security Vehicle (RSV) program involves the development of an autonomous mobile robot for patrolling a structured exterior environment. A straight-forward method for autonomous path-following has been adopted and requires digitizing'' the desired road network by storing x,y coordinates every 2m along the roads. The position location system used to define the locations consists of a radio beacon system which triangulates position off two known transponders, and dead reckoning with compass and odometer. Thismore » paper addresses the problem of combining these two measurements to arrive at a best estimate of position. Two algorithms are proposed: the optimal'' algorithm treats the measurements as random variables and minimizes the estimate variance, while the average error'' algorithm considers the bias in dead reckoning and attempts to guarantee an average error. Data collected on the algorithms indicate that both work well in practice. 2 refs., 7 figs.« less

Increased dead space in face mask continuous positive airway pressure in neonates.

PubMed

Hishikawa, Kenji; Fujinaga, Hideshi; Ito, Yushi

2017-01-01

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) by face mask is commonly performed in newborn resuscitation. We evaluated the effect of face mask CPAP on system dead space. Face mask CPAP increases dead space. A CPAP model study. We estimated the volume of the inner space of the mask. We devised a face mask CPAP model, in which the outlet of the mask was covered with plastic; and three modified face mask CPAP models, in which holes were drilled near to the cushion of the covered face mask to alter the air exit. We passed a continuous flow of 21% oxygen through each model and we controlled the inner pressure to 5 cmH 2 O by adjusting the flow-relief valve. To evaluate the ventilation in the inner space of each model, we measured the oxygen concentration rise time, that is, the time needed for the oxygen concentration of each model to reach 35% after the oxygen concentration of the continuous flow was raised from 21% to 40%. The volume of inner space of the face mask was 38.3 ml. Oxygen concentration rise time in the face mask CPAP model was significantly longer at various continuous flow rates and points of the inner space of the face mask compared with that of the modified face mask CPAP model. Our study indicates that face mask CPAP leads to an increase in dead space and a decrease in ventilation efficiency under certain circumstances. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:107-111. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Water input requirements of the rapidly shrinking Dead Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abu Ghazleh, Shahrazad; Hartmann, Jens; Jansen, Nils; Kempe, Stephan

2009-05-01

The deepest point on Earth, the Dead Sea level, has been dropping alarmingly since 1978 by 0.7 m/a on average due to the accelerating water consumption in the Jordan catchment and stood in 2008 at 420 m below sea level. In this study, a terrain model of the surface area and water volume of the Dead Sea was developed from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data using ArcGIS. The model shows that the lake shrinks on average by 4 km2/a in area and by 0.47 km3/a in volume, amounting to a cumulative loss of 14 km3 in the last 30 years. The receding level leaves almost annually erosional terraces, recorded here for the first time by Differential Global Positioning System field surveys. The terrace altitudes were correlated among the different profiles and dated to specific years of the lake level regression, illustrating the tight correlation between the morphology of the terrace sequence and the receding lake level. Our volume-level model described here and previous work on groundwater inflow suggest that the projected Dead Sea-Red Sea channel or the Mediterranean-Dead Sea channel must have a carrying capacity of >0.9 km3/a in order to slowly re-fill the lake to its former level and to create a sustainable system of electricity generation and freshwater production by desalinization. Moreover, such a channel will maintain tourism and potash industry on both sides of the Dead Sea and reduce the natural hazard caused by the recession.

Distinguishing between whole cells and cell debris using surface plasmon coupled emission (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Talukder, Muhammad A.; Menyuk, Curtis R.; Kostov, Yordan

2017-02-01

Distinguishing between intact cells, dead but still whole cells, and cell debris is an important but difficult task in life sciences. The most common way to identify dead cells is using a cell-impermeant DNA binding dye, such as propidium iodide. A healthy living cell has an intact cell membrane and will act as a barrier to the dye so that it cannot enter the cell. A dead cell has a compromised cell membrane, and it will allow the dye into the cell to bind to the DNA and become fluorescent. The dead cells therefore will be positive and the live cells will be negative. The dead cells later deteriorate quickly into debris. Different pieces of debris from a single cell can be incorrectly identified as separate dead cells. Although a flow cytometer can quickly perform numerous quantitative, sensitive measurements on each individual cell to determine the viability of cells within a large, heterogeneous population, it is bulky, expensive, and only large hospitals and laboratories can afford them. In this work, we show that the distance-dependent coupling of fluorophore light to surface plasmon coupled emission (SPCE) from fluorescently-labeled cells can be used to distinguish whole cells from cell debris. Once the fluorescent labels are excited by a laser, the fluorescently-labeled whole cells create two distinct intensity rings in the far-field, in contrast to fluorescently-labeled cell debris, which only creates one ring. The distinct far-field patterns can be captured by camera and used to distinguish between whole cells and cell debris.

The active structure of the Dead Sea depression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shamir, G.

2003-04-01

The ~220km long gravitational and structural Dead Sea Depression (DSD), situated along the southern section of the Dead Sea Transform (DST), is centered by the Dead Sea basin sensu strictu (DSB), which has been described since the 1960?s as a pull-apart basin over a presumed left-hand fault step. However, several observations, or their lack thereof, question this scheme, e.g. (i) It is not supported by recent seismological and geomorphic data; (ii) It does not explain the fault pattern and mixed sinistral and dextral offset along the DSB western boundary; (iii) It does not simply explain the presence of intense deformation outside the presumed fault step zone; (iv) It is inconsistent with the orientation of seismically active faults within the Dead Sea and Jericho Valley; (v); It is apparently inconsistent with the symmetrical structure of the DSD; (vi) The length of the DSB exceeds the total offset along the Dead Sea Transform, while its subsidence is about the age of the DST. Integration of newly acquired and analyzed data (high resolution and petroleum seismic reflection data, earthquake relocation and fault plane solutions) with previously published data (structural mapping, fracture orientation distribution, Bouguer anomaly maps, sinkhole distribution, geomorphic lineaments) now shows that the active upper crustal manifestation of the DSD is a broad shear zone dominated by internal fault systems oriented NNE and NNW. These fault systems are identified by earthquake activity, seismic reflection observations, alignment of recent sinkholes, and distribution of Bouguer anomaly gradients. Motion on the NNE system is normal-dextral, suggesting that counterclockwise rotation may have taken place within the shear zone. The overall sinistral motion between the Arabian and Israel-Sinai plates along the DSD is thus accommodated by distributed shear across the N-S extending DSD. The three-dimensionality of this motion at the DSD may be related to the rate of convergence between the two plates.

Spatial harmonics and pattern specification in early Drosophila development. Part II. The four colour wheels model.

PubMed

Kauffman, S A; Goodwin, B C

1990-06-07

We review the evidence presented in Part I showing that transcripts and protein products of maternal, gap, pair-rule, and segment polarity genes exhibit increasingly complex, multipeaked longitudinal waveforms in the early Drosophila embryo. The central problem we address in Part II is the use the embryo makes of these wave forms to specify longitudinal pattern. Based on the fact that mutants of many of these genes generate deletions and mirror symmetrical duplications of pattern elements on length scales ranging from about half the egg to within segments, we propose that position is specified by measuring a "phase angle" by use of the ratios of two or more variables. Pictorially, such a phase angle can be thought of as a colour on a colour wheel. Any such model contains a phaseless singularity where all or many phases, or colours, come together. We suppose as well that positional values sufficiently close to the singularity are meaningless, hence a "dead zone". Duplications and deletions are accounted for by deformation of the cycle of morphogen values occurring along the antero-posterior axis. If the cycle of values surrounds the singularity and lies outside the dead zone, pattern is normal. If the curve transects the dead zone, pattern elements are deleted. If the curve lies entirely on one side of the singularity, pattern elements are deleted and others are duplicated with mirror symmetry. The existence of different wavelength transcript patterns in maternal, gap, pair-rule, and segment polarity genes and the roles of those same genes in generating deletions and mirror symmetrical duplications on a variety of length scales lead us to propose that position is measured simultaneously on at least four colour wheels, which cycle different numbers of times along the anterior-posterior axis. These yield progressively finer grained positional information. Normal pattern specification requires a unique angle, outside of the dead zone, from each of the four wheels. Deformations of the cycle of gene product concentrations yield the deletions and mirror symmetric duplications observed in the mutants discussed. The alternative familiar hypothesis that longitudinal position is specified in an "on" "off" combinatorial code does not readily account for the duplication deletion phenomena.

Prevalence of neurotoxic Clostridium botulinum type C in the gastrointestinal tracts of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) in the Salton Sea.

PubMed

Nol, P; Rocke, T E; Gross, K; Yuill, T M

2004-07-01

Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) have been implicated as the source of type C toxin in avian botulism outbreaks in pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) at the Salton Sea in southern California (USA). We collected sick, dead, and healthy fish from various sites throughout the Sea during the summers of 1999 through 2001 and tested them for the presence of Clostridium botulinum type C cells by polymerase chain reaction targeting the C(1) neurotoxin gene. Four of 96 (4%), 57 of 664 (9%), and five of 355 (1%) tilapia tested were positive for C. botulinum type C toxin gene in 1999, 2000, and 2001, respectively. The total number of positive fish was significantly greater in 2000 than in 2001 (P<0.0001). No difference in numbers of positives was detected between sick and dead fish compared with live fish. In 2000, no significant relationships were revealed among the variables studied, such as location and date of collection.

Prevalence of neurotoxic Clostridium botulinum type C in the gastrointestinal tracts of tilapis (Oreochromis mossambicus) in the Salton Sea

USGS Publications Warehouse

Nol, P.J.; Rocke, T.E.; Gross, K.; Yuill, Thomas M.

2004-01-01

Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) have been implicated as the source of type C toxin in avian botulism outbreaks in pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) at the Salton Sea in southern California (USA). We collected sick, dead, and healthy fish from various sites throughout the Sea during the summers of 1999 through 2001 and tested them for the presence of Clostridium botulinum type C cells by polymerase chain reaction targeting the C1 neurotoxin gene. Four of 96 (4%), 57 of 664 (9%), and five of 355 (1%) tilapia tested were positive for C. botulinum type C toxin gene in 1999, 2000, and 2001, respectively. The total number of positive fish was significantly greater in 2000 than in 2001 (P<0.0001). No difference in numbers of positives was detected between sick and dead fish compared with live fish. In 2000, no significant relationships were revealed among the variables studied, such as location and date of collection.

Cell tracking using iron oxide fails to distinguish dead from living transplanted cells in the infarcted heart.

PubMed

Winter, E M; Hogers, B; van der Graaf, L M; Gittenberger-de Groot, A C; Poelmann, R E; van der Weerd, L

2010-03-01

Recently, debate has arisen about the usefulness of cell tracking using iron oxide-labeled cells. Two important issues in determining the usefulness of cell tracking with MRI are generally overlooked; first, the effect of graft rejection in immunocompetent models, and second, the necessity for careful histological confirmation of the fate of the labeled cells in the presence of iron oxide. Therefore, both iron oxide-labeled living as well as dead epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) were investigated in ischemic myocardium of immunodeficient non-obese diabetic (NOD)/acid: non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/scid) mice with 9.4T MRI until 6 weeks after surgery, at which time immunohistochemical analysis was performed. In both groups, voids on MRI scans were observed that did not change in number, size, or localization over time. Based on MRI, no distinction could be made between living and dead injected cells. Prussian blue staining confirmed that the hypointense spots on MRI corresponded to iron-loaded cells. However, in the dead-EPDC recipients, all iron-positive cells appeared to be macrophages, while the living-EPDC recipients also contained engrafted iron-loaded EPDCs. Iron labeling is inadequate for determining the fate of transplanted cells in the immunodeficient host, since dead cells produce an MRI signal indistinguishable from incorporated living cells. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Simulated long-term effects of varying tree retention on wood production, dead wood and carbon stock changes.

PubMed

Santaniello, Francesca; Djupström, Line B; Ranius, Thomas; Weslien, Jan; Rudolphi, Jörgen; Sonesson, Johan

2017-10-01

Boreal forests are an important source of timber and pulp wood, but provide also other products and services. Utilizing a simulation program and field data from a tree retention experiment in a Scots pine forest in central Sweden, we simulated the consequences during the following 100 years of various levels of retention on production of merchantable wood, dead wood input (as a proxy for biodiversity), and carbon stock changes. At the stand level, wood production decreased with increased retention levels, while dead wood input and carbon stock increased. We also compared 12 scenarios representing a land sharing/land sparing gradient. In each scenario, a constant volume of wood was harvested with a specific level of retention in a 100-ha landscape. The area not needed to reach the defined volume was set-aside during a 100-year rotation period, leading to decreasing area of set-asides with increasing level of retention across the 12 scenarios. Dead wood input was positively affected by the level of tree retention whereas the average carbon stock decreased slightly with increasing level of tree retention. The scenarios will probably vary in how they favor species preferring different substrates. Therefore, we conclude that a larger variation of landscape-level conservation strategies, also including active creation of dead wood, may be an attractive complement to the existing management. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Antimicrobial Activity of Bacillus Persicus 24-DSM Isolated from Dead Sea Mud.

PubMed

Al-Karablieh, Nehaya

2017-01-01

Dead Sea is a hypersaline lake with 34% salinity, gains its name due to the absence of any living macroscopic creatures. Despite the extreme hypersaline environment, it is a unique ecosystem for various halophilic microorganisms adapted to this environment. Halophilic microorganisms are known for various potential biotechnological applications, the purpose of the current research is isolation and screening of halophilic bacteria from Dead Sea mud for potential antimicrobial applications. Screening for antagonistic bacteria was conducted by bacterial isolation from Dead Sea mud samples and agar plate antagonistic assay. The potential antagonistic isolates were subjected to biochemical characterization and identification by 16S-rRNA sequencing. Among the collected isolates, four isolates showed potential antagonistic activity against Bacillus subtilis 6633 and Escherichia coli 8739. The most active isolate (24-DSM) was subjected for antagonistic activity and minimal inhibitory concentration against different gram positive and negative bacterial strains after cultivation in different salt concentration media. Results: The results of 16S-rRNA analysis revealed that 24-DSM is very closely related to Bacillus persicus strain B48, which was isolated from hypersaline lake in Iran. Therefore, the isolate 24-DSM is assigned as a new strain of B. persicusi isolated from the Dead Sea mud. B. persicusi 24-DSM showed higher antimicrobial activity, when it was cultivated with saline medium, against all tested bacterial strains, where the most sensitive bacterial strain was Corynebacterium diphtheria 51696.

Bacteria associated with decomposing dead wood in a natural temperate forest.

PubMed

Tláskal, Vojtech; Zrustová, Petra; Vrška, Tomáš; Baldrian, Petr

2017-12-01

Dead wood represents an important pool of organic matter in forests and is one of the sources of soil formation. It has been shown to harbour diverse communities of bacteria, but their roles in this habitat are still poorly understood. Here, we describe the bacterial communities in the dead wood of Abies alba, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica in a temperate natural forest in Central Europe. An analysis of environmental factors showed that decomposing time along with pH and water content was the strongest drivers of community composition. Bacterial biomass positively correlated with N content and increased with decomposition along with the concurrent decrease in the fungal/bacterial biomass ratio. Rhizobiales and Acidobacteriales were abundant bacterial orders throughout the whole decay process, but many bacterial taxa were specific either for young (<15 years) or old dead wood. During early decomposition, bacterial genera able to fix N2 and to use simple C1 compounds (e.g. Yersinia and Methylomonas) were frequent, while wood in advanced decay was rich in taxa typical of forest soils (e.g. Bradyrhizobium and Rhodoplanes). Although the bacterial contribution to dead wood turnover remains unclear, the community composition appears to reflect the changing conditions of the substrate and suggests broad metabolic capacities of its members. © FEMS 2017. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Microbial Burden Approach : New Monitoring Approach for Measuring Microbial Burden

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Venkateswaran, Kasthuri; Vaishampayan, Parag; Barmatz, Martin

2013-01-01

Advantages of new approach for differentiating live cells/ spores from dead cells/spores. Four examples of Salmonella outbreaks leading to costly destruction of dairy products. List of possible collaboration activities between JPL and other industries (for future discussion). Limitations of traditional microbial monitoring approaches. Introduction to new approach for rapid measurement of viable (live) bacterial cells/spores and its areas of application. Detailed example for determining live spores using new approach (similar procedure for determining live cells). JPL has developed a patented approach for measuring amount of live and dead cells/spores. This novel "molecular" method takes less than 5 to 7 hrs. compared to the seven days required using conventional techniques. Conventional "molecular" techniques can not discriminate live cells/spores among dead cells/spores. The JPL-developed novel method eliminates false positive results obtained from conventional "molecular" techniques that lead to unnecessary delay in the processing and to unnecessary destruction of food products.

The role of birds in arboviral disease surveillance in Harris County and the City of Houston, Texas.

PubMed

Wilkerson, Lauren; Reyna Nava, Martin; Battle-Freeman, Cheryl; Travassos da Rosa, Amelia; Guzman, Hilda; Tesh, Robert; Debboun, Mustapha

2017-01-01

Avian arboviral surveillance is an integral part of any disease-based integrated mosquito control program. The Harris County Public Health Mosquito and Vector Control Division has performed arboviral surveillance in the wild birds of Harris County and the City of Houston since 1965. Blood samples from live trapped birds were tested for arboviral antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV), St. Louis encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalitis, and Western equine encephalitis. A dead bird surveillance program was created in 2002 with the arrival of WNV in Harris County. Since implementation, the program has detected considerable variability in viral activity with annual WNV seroprevelance rates ranging from 2.9% to 17.7%, while the percentage of positive dead birds has ranged from 0.3% to 57.2%. In 2015, 1,345 live birds were sampled and 253 dead birds were tested, with WNV incidence rates of 16.5% and 5.9%, respectively.

Minimization of Dead-Periods in MRI Pulse Sequences for Imaging Oblique Planes

PubMed Central

Atalar, Ergin; McVeigh, Elliot R.

2007-01-01

With the advent of breath-hold MR cardiac imaging techniques, the minimization of TR and TE for oblique planes has become a critical issue. The slew rates and maximum currents of gradient amplifiers limit the minimum possible TR and TE by adding dead-periods to the pulse sequences. We propose a method of designing gradient waveforms that will be applied to the amplifiers instead of the slice, readout, and phase encoding waveforms. Because this method ensures that the gradient amplifiers will always switch at their maximum slew rate, it results in the minimum possible dead-period for given imaging parameters and scan plane position. A GRASS pulse sequence has been designed and ultra-short TR and TE values have been obtained with standard gradient amplifiers and coils. For some oblique slices, we have achieved shorter TR and TE values than those for nonoblique slices. PMID:7869900

Studies on the toxic elements and organic degradation products in aquatic bodies and sediments around Kennedy Space Center (KSC) South Mosquito lagoon

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ghuman, G. S.; Menon, M. P.; Emeh, C. O.

1978-01-01

A compilation was put together of research work performed on the aquatic systems around Kennedy Space Center (KSC). The report includes a brief description of the study area, field data and analytical results of all the samples collected during the five visits to KSC up to December 17, 1977. The aquatic area selected for the study is the Southern part of Mosquito Lagoon which extends from the Haulover Canal to the dead end boundary of this lagoon southwards.

Prime Suspect, Second Row Center

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laird, Ellen A.

2011-01-01

His father had been hacked to death in his own bed with an ax the previous November. His mother was similarly brutalized and left for dead with her husband but survived. On the last Monday of that August, after several months and many investigative twists, turns, and fumbles, there sat the son--the prime suspect--in Ellen Laird's literature class,…

Apollo 16 liftoff

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

The huge, 363-feet tall Apollo 16 (Spacecraft 113/Lunar Module 11/Saturn 511) space vehicle is launched from Pad A, Launch Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida, at 12:54:00.569 p.m., April 16, 1972. The launch is framed on the left by a large piece of dead wood in a body of water near the launch pad.

Detection of dead standing Eucalyptus camaldulensis without tree delineation for managing biodiversity in native Australian forest

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miltiadou, Milto; Campbell, Neil D. F.; Gonzalez Aracil, Susana; Brown, Tony; Grant, Michael G.

2018-05-01

In Australia, many birds and arboreal animals use hollows for shelters, but studies predict shortage of hollows in near future. Aged dead trees are more likely to contain hollows and therefore automated detection of them plays a substantial role in preserving biodiversity and consequently maintaining a resilient ecosystem. For this purpose full-waveform LiDAR data were acquired from a native Eucalypt forest in Southern Australia. The structure of the forest significantly varies in terms of tree density, age and height. Additionally, Eucalyptus camaldulensis have multiple trunk splits making tree delineation very challenging. For that reason, this paper investigates automated detection of dead standing Eucalyptus camaldulensis without tree delineation. It also presents the new feature of the open source software DASOS, which extracts features for 3D object detection in voxelised FW LiDAR. A random forest classifier, a weighted-distance KNN algorithm and a seed growth algorithm are used to create a 2D probabilistic field and to then predict potential positions of dead trees. It is shown that tree health assessment is possible without tree delineation but since it is a new research directions there are many improvements to be made.

Network Analysis Reveals Ecological Links between N-Fixing Bacteria and Wood-Decaying Fungi

PubMed Central

Hoppe, Björn; Kahl, Tiemo; Karasch, Peter; Wubet, Tesfaye; Bauhus, Jürgen; Buscot, François; Krüger, Dirk

2014-01-01

Nitrogen availability in dead wood is highly restricted and associations with N-fixing bacteria are thought to enable wood-decaying fungi to meet their nitrogen requirements for vegetative and generative growth. We assessed the diversity of nifH (dinitrogenase reductase) genes in dead wood of the common temperate tree species Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies from differently managed forest plots in Germany using molecular tools. By incorporating these genes into a large compilation of published nifH sequences and subsequent phylogenetic analyses of deduced proteins we verified the presence of diverse pools corresponding to functional nifH, almost all of which are new to science. The distribution of nifH genes strongly correlated with tree species and decay class, but not with forest management, while higher fungal fructification was correlated with decreasing nitrogen content of the dead wood and positively correlated with nifH diversity, especially during the intermediate stage of wood decay. Network analyses based on non-random species co-occurrence patterns revealed interactions among fungi and N-fixing bacteria in the dead wood and strongly indicate the occurrence of at least commensal relationships between these taxa. PMID:24505405

Network analysis reveals ecological links between N-fixing bacteria and wood-decaying fungi.

PubMed

Hoppe, Björn; Kahl, Tiemo; Karasch, Peter; Wubet, Tesfaye; Bauhus, Jürgen; Buscot, François; Krüger, Dirk

2014-01-01

Nitrogen availability in dead wood is highly restricted and associations with N-fixing bacteria are thought to enable wood-decaying fungi to meet their nitrogen requirements for vegetative and generative growth. We assessed the diversity of nifH (dinitrogenase reductase) genes in dead wood of the common temperate tree species Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies from differently managed forest plots in Germany using molecular tools. By incorporating these genes into a large compilation of published nifH sequences and subsequent phylogenetic analyses of deduced proteins we verified the presence of diverse pools corresponding to functional nifH, almost all of which are new to science. The distribution of nifH genes strongly correlated with tree species and decay class, but not with forest management, while higher fungal fructification was correlated with decreasing nitrogen content of the dead wood and positively correlated with nifH diversity, especially during the intermediate stage of wood decay. Network analyses based on non-random species co-occurrence patterns revealed interactions among fungi and N-fixing bacteria in the dead wood and strongly indicate the occurrence of at least commensal relationships between these taxa.

Type C botulism in dairy cattle from feed contaminated with a dead cat

USGS Publications Warehouse

Galey, F.D.; Terra, R.; Walker, R.; Adaska, J.; Etchebarne, M.A.; Puschener, B.; Whitlock, R.H.; Rocke, T.E.; Willoughby, D.; Tor, E.

2000-01-01

Four hundred twenty-seven of 441 adult Holstein dairy cattle from a 1,200-cow dairy died over a 1-week period during early spring 1998. Affected animals were from 4 late lactation pens, one of which included the bull string. Signs included weakness, recumbency, watery diarrhea, and death. Eighty animals from the 4 pens were dead approximately 8 hours after the first ill cows were noted. Affected cows would collapse on stimulation and extend all 4 limbs with moderate rigidity. Several lacked lingual tonus and had abdominal breathing patterns. The animals had been fed a load of total mixed ration that included a rotten bale of oat hay containing a dead cat. No common toxicants were identified, and pathologic examination revealed no consistent lesions. Testing of tissue from the cat carcass found in the feed sample using mouse protection bioassay identified the presence of type C botulinum toxin. Samples of feed, tissue from affected animals, cat tissue from feed, milk, and serum were also tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for type C botulinum. Two samples of rumen contents were tested and found to be positive for botulism by ELISA, and 1 of 3 liver samples had a weak positive finding. No botulinum toxin was found in milk or sera using the ELISA.

Assessing the living and dead proportions of cold-water coral colonies: implications for deep-water Marine Protected Area monitoring in a changing ocean.

PubMed

Vad, Johanne; Orejas, Covadonga; Moreno-Navas, Juan; Findlay, Helen S; Roberts, J Murray

2017-01-01

Coral growth patterns result from an interplay of coral biology and environmental conditions. In this study colony size and proportion of live and dead skeletons in the cold-water coral (CWC) Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) were measured using video footage from Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) transects conducted at the inshore Mingulay Reef Complex (MRC) and at the offshore PISCES site (Rockall Bank) in the NE Atlantic. The main goal of this paper was to explore the development of a simple method to quantify coral growth and its potential application as an assessment tool of the health of these remote habitats. Eighteen colonies were selected and whole colony and dead/living layer size were measured. Live to dead layer ratios for each colony were then determined and analysed. The age of each colony was estimated using previously published data. Our paper shows that: (1) two distinct morphotypes can be described: at the MRC, colonies displayed a 'cauliflower-shaped' morphotype whereas at the PISCES site, colonies presented a more flattened 'bush-shaped' morphotype; (2) living layer size was positively correlated with whole colony size; (3) live to dead layer ratio was negatively correlated to whole colony size; (4) live to dead layer ratio never exceeded 0.27. These results suggest that as a colony develops and its growth rate slows down, the proportion of living polyps in the colony decreases. Furthermore, at least 73% of L. pertusa colonies are composed of exposed dead coral skeleton, vulnerable to ocean acidification and the associated shallowing of the aragonite saturation horizon, with significant implications for future deep-sea reef framework integrity. The clear visual contrast between white/pale living and grey/dark dead portions of the colonies also gives a new way by which they can be visually monitored over time. The increased use of marine autonomous survey vehicles offers an important new platform from which such a surveying technique could be applied to monitor deep-water marine protected areas in the future.

Airborne laser scanning based quantification of dead-ice melting in recently deglaciated terrain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klug, C.; Sailer, R.; Schümberg, M.; Stötter, J.

2012-04-01

Dead-ice is explained as stagnant glacial ice, not influenced by glacier flow anymore. Whenever glaciers have negative mass balances and an accumulation of debris-cover on the surface, dead-ice may form. Although, there are numerous conceptual process-sediment-landform models for the melt-out of dead-ice bodies and areas of dead-ice environments at glacier margins are easily accessible, just a few quantitative studies of dead-ice melting have been carried out so far. Processes and rates of dead-ice melting are commonly believed to be controlled by climate and debris-cover properties, but there is still a lack of knowledge about this fact. This study has a focus on the quantification of process induced volumetric changes caused by dead-ice melting. The research for this project was conducted at Hintereisferner (Ötztal Alps, Austria), Gepatschferner (Ötztal Alps, Austria) and Schrankar (Stubai Alps, Austria), areas for which a good data basis of ALS (Airborne Laser Scanning) measurements is available. 'Hintereisferner' can be characterized as a typical high alpine environment in mid-latitudes, which ranges between approximately 2250 m and 3740 m a.s.l.. The Hintereisferner region has been investigated intensively since many decades. Two dead ice bodies at the orographic right side and one at the orographic left side of the Hintereisferner glacier terminus (approx. at 2500 m to 2550 m a.s.l.) were identified. Since 2001, ALS measurements have been carried out regularly at Hintereisferner resulting in a unique data record of 21 ALS flight campaigns, allowing long-term explorations of the two dead-ice areas. The second study area of 'Gepatschferner' in the Kaunertal ranges between 2060 m and 3520 m a.s.l. and is the second largest glacier of Austria. Near the glacier tongue at the orographic right side a significant dead ice body has formed. The ALS data used for quantification include a period of time of 4 years (2006 - 2010). 'Schrankar' is located in the Western Stubai Alps in a north to south aligned valley, with 12 rockglaciers of different activities between elevations of 2400 m and 2800 m a.s.l.. Beside the rockglaciers, a big dead ice body (approx. at 2800 m to 2850 m a.s.l.) next to the terminus of the southern Schrankarferner was identified. For the quantification of dead-ice melting, ALS data was used from 2006 - 2009. Additionally, a time series of digital elevation models (DEM) derived from aerial images of different periods (1953 -2003) were integrated in the analysis. In recent years, high-accuracy DEMs from ALS altimetry are emerging as an additional data source to existing field measurements. We present inter annual and annual trends of topographic changes caused by dead-ice melting. These trends are determined from multitemporal DEM differencing. The DEMs are generated from aerial images and ALS data. First results on the three dead-ice bodies of Hintereisferner show significant changes (-0.48 m and -2.24 m respectively per year). The derived melt rates are discussed, summarized and assessed in relation to climate parameters, like mean annual air temperature, mean summer air temperature, mean annual precipitation, mean summer precipitation, and annual sum of positive degree days.

[Exposure to avian influenza virus and the infection status of virus among people breeding or butchering ducks in the suburb of Beijing].

PubMed

Ma, Chun-na; Yang, Peng; Zhang, Yi; Li, Hai-yue; Zhang, Li; Li, Li-li; Li, Chao; Yang, Yu-song; Chen, He; Zhang, Song-jian; Liu, Xiu-jun; Wang, Quan-yi

2012-04-01

To understand the exposure and the infection status of virus among people engaging in breeding or butchering ducks in the suburb of Beijing. People from six districts (Daxing, Fangshan, Huairou, Miyun, Shunyi, Tongzhou) who engaged in breeding or butchering ducks were studied and the status of infecting avian influenza virus was obtained by testing antibody level in serum. Information on demographic characteristics, status of regular exposure and exposure to sick or dead poultry were collected through a self-designed questionnaire. 1741 people were involved in this study in which 313 (18.0%) were workers in duck-breeding enterprise, 562 (32.3%) were workers in duck slaughterhouse, 261 (15.0%) farmers were in individual small-scale duck farms, 605 (34.7%) were farmers raising duck in backyard. Among farmers raising duck in backyard, the percentage of people whose ducks ever contacted with wild birds was higher than the other three groups (66.8%) (P<0.05). Among farmers who bred their ducks in the backyard (35.2%) and those abattoir workers (31.3%), the percentage of people who had contacted ducks but not been vaccinated with avian influenza vaccine was higher than the other two groups (P<0.05). Regarding the status on cleaning and disinfection among the studied farmers who had bred their ducks in the backyard, the percentage of people who had closer contact with ducks would clean the settings more than 4 times per month (8.8%) and disinfected those places more than 12 times per year (27.3%) but still lower than the other three groups (P<0.05). Among those farmers who bred ducks in the backyard, the percentage of people who had ever touched duck with their hands was high (34.4%) (P<0.05). Regarding exposure to sick or dead poultry, higher proportion was found among those who had ever closely contacted sick or dead poultry commercial duck raisers (36.1%) and individuals who raise large amount of ducks (36.0%). 70.8% of the individual duck raisers had never taken any protective measures when closely contacting the sick or dead poultry. Among 1741 samples, 0 were positive to avian influenza virus H5 and H7 subtypes. 12 were positive to H9 subtype (positive rate was 0.7%), in which 10 were farmers raising ducks in backyard (the positive rate of 1.7%). Differences between H9 subtype antibody positive rates difference in 4 population groups were statistically significant (χ2=13.699, P<0.05). Farmers who bred their ducks in the backyard had greater risk of contracting the avian influenza. Individual duckers who raise ducks in large scale and the farmers who bred their ducks in the backyard were in lack of protective measures when contacting the sick or dead poultry. Our findings suggested that some intervention measures should be taken to reduce the risk of avian influenza infection.

Development and calibration of a new gamma camera detector using large square Photomultiplier Tubes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeraatkar, N.; Sajedi, S.; Teimourian Fard, B.; Kaviani, S.; Akbarzadeh, A.; Farahani, M. H.; Sarkar, S.; Ay, M. R.

2017-09-01

Large area scintillation detectors applied in gamma cameras as well as Single Photon Computed Tomography (SPECT) systems, have a major role in in-vivo functional imaging. Most of the gamma detectors utilize hexagonal arrangement of Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs). In this work we applied large square-shaped PMTs with row/column arrangement and positioning. The Use of large square PMTs reduces dead zones in the detector surface. However, the conventional center of gravity method for positioning may not introduce an acceptable result. Hence, the digital correlated signal enhancement (CSE) algorithm was optimized to obtain better linearity and spatial resolution in the developed detector. The performance of the developed detector was evaluated based on NEMA-NU1-2007 standard. The acquired images using this method showed acceptable uniformity and linearity comparing to three commercial gamma cameras. Also the intrinsic and extrinsic spatial resolutions with low-energy high-resolution (LEHR) collimator at 10 cm from surface of the detector were 3.7 mm and 7.5 mm, respectively. The energy resolution of the camera was measured 9.5%. The performance evaluation demonstrated that the developed detector maintains image quality with a reduced number of used PMTs relative to the detection area.

The DEAD-Box Protein CYT-19 Uses Arginine Residues in Its C-Tail To Tether RNA Substrates.

PubMed

Busa, Veronica F; Rector, Maxwell J; Russell, Rick

2017-07-18

DEAD-box proteins are nonprocessive RNA helicases that play diverse roles in cellular processes. The Neurospora crassa DEAD-box protein CYT-19 promotes mitochondrial group I intron splicing and functions as a general RNA chaperone. CYT-19 includes a disordered, arginine-rich "C-tail" that binds RNA, positioning the helicase core to capture and unwind nearby RNA helices. Here we probed the C-tail further by varying the number and positions of arginines within it. We found that removing sets of as few as four of the 11 arginines reduced RNA unwinding activity (k cat /K M ) to a degree equivalent to that seen upon removal of the C-tail, suggesting that a minimum or "threshold" number of arginines is required. In addition, a mutant with 16 arginines displayed RNA unwinding activity greater than that of wild-type CYT-19. The C-tail modifications impacted unwinding only of RNA helices within constructs that included an adjacent helix or structured RNA element that would allow C-tail binding, indicating that the helicase core remained active in the mutants. In addition, changes in RNA unwinding efficiency of the mutants were mirrored by changes in functional RNA affinity, as determined from the RNA concentration dependence of ATPase activity, suggesting that the C-tail functions primarily to increase RNA affinity. Interestingly, the salt concentration dependence of RNA unwinding activity is unaffected by C-tail composition, suggesting that the C-tail uses primarily hydrogen bonding, not electrostatic interactions, to bind double-stranded RNA. Our results provide insights into how an unstructured C-tail contributes to DEAD-box protein activity and suggest parallels with other families of RNA- and DNA-binding proteins.

Noninvasive measurement of mean alveolar carbon dioxide tension and Bohr's dead space during tidal breathing.

PubMed

Koulouris, N G; Latsi, P; Dimitroulis, J; Jordanoglou, B; Gaga, M; Jordanoglou, J

2001-06-01

The lack of methodology for measuring the alveolar carbon dioxide tension (PA,CO2) has forced investigators to make several assumptions, such as that PA,CO2 is equal to end-tidal (PET,CO2) and arterial CO2 tension (Pa,CO2). The present study measured the mean PA,CO2 and Bohr's dead space ratio (Bohr's dead space/tidal volume (VD,Bohr/VT)) during tidal breathing. The method used is a new, simple and noninvasive technique, based on the analysis of the expired CO2 volume per breath (VCO2) versus the exhaled VT. This curve was analysed in 21 normal, healthy subjects and 35 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients breathing tidally through a mouthpiece apparatus in the sitting position. It is shown that: 1) PA,CO2 is similar to Pa,CO2 in normal subjects, whilst it is significantly lower than Pa,CO2 in COPD patients; 2) PA,CO2 is significantly higher than PET,CO2 in all subjects, especially in COPD patients; 3) VD,Bohr/VT is increased in COPD patients as compared to normal subjects; and 4) VD,Bohr/VT is lower than the "physiological" dead space ratio (VD,phys/VT) in COPD patients. It is concluded that the expired carbon dioxide versus tidal volume curve is a useful tool for research and clinical work, because it permits the noninvasive and accurate measurement of Bohr's dead space and mean alveolar carbon dioxide tension accurately during spontaneous breathing.

Integration of the B-52G Offensive Avionics System (OAS) with the Global Positioning System (GPS)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Foote, A. L.; Pluntze, S. C.

Integration of the B-52G OAS with the GPS has been accomplished by modification of existing OAS software. GPS derived position and velocity data are used to enhance the quality of the OAS inertial and dead reckoning navigation systems. The engineering design and the software development process used to implement this design are presented.

Defense.gov - Special Report - Tragedy at Fort Hood

Science.gov Websites

that left 13 dead and 38 wounded, soldiers, family members and civilians who work on post are looking the 13 victims of the Nov. 5 shooting spree at the Soldier Readiness Processing Center on the post shooting incident on the post. Story Army Chief of Staff Pledges Resources WASHINGTON, Nov. 9, 2009 – The

Bearing Witness: Teaching the Holocaust from a Victim-Centered Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blutinger, Jeffrey C.

2009-01-01

A fundamental problem faced by anyone who wishes to teach the Holocaust, or any other mass slaughter, is the tension between the desire " to allow the dead their voices to make the silence heard," and a historical narrative that often deals almost exclusively on perpetrator actions. This bias in the narrative derives from the tendency in history,…

Interferon-Gamma Promotes UV-Induced Melanoma in Mice | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

Scientists have made an unanticipated discovery in mice that interferon-gamma, a type of protein primarily used by the immune system for intercellular communication, acts as a promoter for the deadly form of skin cancer known as melanoma. This finding resulted from a series of experiments designed to understand how solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes melanoma. This study

Effect of Convex Longitudinal Curvature on the Planing Characteristics of a Surface Without Dead Rise

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mottard, Elmo J.

1959-01-01

A hydrodynamic investigation was made in Langley tank no. 1 of a planing surface which was curved longitudinally in the shape of a circular arc with the center of curvature above the model and had a beam of inches and a radius of curvature of 20 beams. The planing surface had length-beam ratio of 9 and an angle of dead rise of 0 deg. Wetted length, resistance, and trimming moment were determined for values of load coefficient C(sub Delta) from -4.2 to 63.9 and values of speed coefficient C(sub V) from 6 to 25. The effects of convexity were to increase the wetted length-beam ratio (for a given lift), to decrease the lift-drag ratio, to move the center of pressure forward, and ta increase the trim for maximum lift-drag ratio as compared with values for a flat surface. The effects were greatest at low trims and large drafts. The maximum negative lift coefficient C(sub L,b) obtainable with a ratio of the radius of curvature to the beam of 20 was -0.02. The effects of camber were greater in magnitude for convexity than for the same amount of concavity.

Whose body is it anyway?: trading the dead poor, coroner's disputes, and the business of anatomy at Oxford University, 1885-1929.

PubMed

Hurren, Elizabeth T

2008-01-01

This article examines the application of the Anatomy Act (1832) at Oxford University, circa 1885-1929. For the first time it retraces the economy of supply in dead bodies, sold by various black-market intermediaries and welfare agencies, transported on the railway to Oxford. Both pauper cadavers and body parts were used to train doctors in human anatomy at a time when student demand always exceeded the economy of supply. An added problem was that the trade in dead bodies was disrupted by a city coroner for Oxford in a bid to improve his professional standing. Disputes about medico-legal authority over the pauper corpse meant that the Anatomy Department failed to convince the local poor in the city center to sell their loved ones' remains for dissection on a regular basis. Adverse publicity was a constant financial headache for anatomists. Consistently, they had to pay higher prices for cadavers than their competitors did. Often bodies were purchased in surrounding Midlands towns. This context explains why the Anatomy Department at Oxford failed at the business of anatomy in the late Victorian and early Edwardian eras.

NASA's Hubble Space Telescope Finds Dead Stars 'Polluted with Planet Debris'

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

This is an artist’s impression of a white dwarf (burned-out) star accreting rocky debris left behind by the star’s surviving planetary system. It was observed by Hubble in the Hyades star cluster. At lower right, an asteroid can be seen falling toward a Saturn-like disk of dust that is encircling the dead star. Infalling asteroids pollute the white dwarf’s atmosphere with silicon. Credit: NASA, ESA, and G. Bacon (STScI) --- NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has found the building blocks for Earth-sized planets in an unlikely place-- the atmospheres of a pair of burned-out stars called white dwarfs. These dead stars are located 150 light-years from Earth in a relatively young star cluster, Hyades, in the constellation Taurus. The star cluster is only 625 million years old. The white dwarfs are being polluted by asteroid-like debris falling onto them. NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Rough-water Impact-load Investigation of a Chine-immersed V-bottom Model Having a Dead-rise Angle of 10 Degrees

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Markey, Melvin F; Carpini, Thomas D

1957-01-01

A hydrodynamic rough-water impact-loads investigation of a fixed-trim V-bottom float with a beam-loading coefficient of 5.78 and dead-rise angle of 10 degrees was made at the Langley impact basin. The size of the waves varied from approximately 10 to 60 feet in length and 1 to 2 feet in height. Time histories were obtained showing the position of the model relative to the wave throughout the impact and typical examples are presented. The load coefficient was found to vary primarily with the slope of the impacting wave.

Continuous field-flow separation of particle populations in a dielectrophoretic chip with three dimensional electrodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iliescu, Ciprian; Tresset, Guillaume; Xu, Guolin

2007-06-01

This letter presents a dielectrophoretic (DEP) separation method of particles under continuous flow. The method consists of flowing two particle populations through a microfluidic channel, in which the vertical walls are the electrodes of the DEP device. The irregular shape of the electrodes generates both electric field and fluid velocity gradients. As a result, the particles that exhibit negative DEP can be trapped in the fluidic dead zones, while the particles that experience positive DEP are concentrated in the regions with high velocity and collected at the outlet. The device was tested with dead and living yeast cells.

Social marketing of low dead space syringes in Vietnam: findings from a 1-year pilot program in Hanoi, Thai Nguyen, and Ho Chi Minh City.

PubMed

Huong, Ngo Thi Thanh; Mundy, Gary; Neukom, Josselyn; Zule, William; Tuan, Nguyen Minh; Tam, Nguyen Minh

2015-05-30

Although a growing body of evidence suggests that low dead space syringes may reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C virus infection associated with sharing syringes among people who inject drugs, there is little evidence of effective approaches to motivate people who inject drugs (PWID) to shift from high to low dead space syringes. Using a mix of consumer and trade marketing approaches, informed by rapid assessments of both the syringe market and PWID preferences, practices, and behaviors in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Population Services International (PSI) Vietnam piloted an intervention to increase the use of low dead space syringes (LDSS) in the three provinces of Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and Thai Nguyen, where an estimated 31% of PWID are HIV positive and 58% are living with hepatitis C virus (HCV). This paper provides a summary of the social marketing activities implemented and results achieved by PSI Vietnam during an initial 1-year pilot period from December 2012 to December 2013 in these three provinces to explore their effectiveness in motivating PWID to use low dead space syringes. We found major increases in sales of LDSS accompanied by increases in reported use and consistent use of LDSS among PWID in the three provinces included in the pilot program and a positive and independent association (odds ratio (OR) 21.08; 95% confidence interval (CI) 10.6-27.3) between LDSS use and exposure to social marketing activities. We also found that LDSS use had a stronger association with perceptions of LDSS product quality than with perceptions regarding LDSS potential to reduce HIV transmission risk and use. We conclude that social marketing interventions have an important role to play in widening access to and the use of LDSS for PWID, as they address the need for PWID to find LDSS when and where they need them and also promote the benefits of LDSS use to PWID. High coverage of these activities among PWID appears to be the key in achieving these successes.

Associations between intrapartum death and piglet, placental, and umbilical characteristics.

PubMed

Rootwelt, V; Reksen, O; Farstad, W; Framstad, T

2012-12-01

Intrapartum death in multiparous gestations in sows (Sus scrofa) is often caused by hypoxia. There is little information in the literature on the assessment of the placenta in relation to intrapartum death in piglets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the placental area and weight upon piglet birth characteristics and intrapartum death. Litters from 26 Landrace-Yorkshire sows were monitored during farrowing and the status of each piglet was recorded, including blood parameters of piglets and their umbilical veins. Of 413 piglets born, 6.5% were stillborn. Blood concentrations of glucose, lactate, and CO(2) partial pressure were increased in the stillborn piglets (P < 0.05) and corresponding umbilical veins (P < 0.01) vs. live-born piglets, whereas pH and base excess were decreased (P < 0.001). Time from onset of parturition until birth was increased for piglets born dead vs. live (P < 0.001). Mean birth weight for piglets born dead was not different from live-born piglets (P = 0.631), whereas mean body mass index was reduced (P < 0.001). Mean placental area and placental weight belonging to stillborn piglets were not different from live-born piglets (P = 0.662 and P = 0.253, respectively). Blood concentrations of lactate, hemoglobin, and hematocrit recorded in all piglets pooled were associated with placental area (P < 0.05), but not with placental weight (P > 0.2). Piglet BW was positively correlated with placental area and placental weight (P < 0.001). The risk of being born dead increased with increasing birth order group, and broken umbilical cords explained 71% of the stillbirths (P = 0.001). We conclude that placental area and placental weight are both positively associated with piglet birth weight, but not with the probability of being born dead. Placental area was a better predictor of piglet vitality than placental weight. Because umbilical cord rupture and prolonged birth time were associated with being born dead, umbilical cord rupture and placental detachment seem to be probable causes of intrapartum death.

Biting Midges of the Genus Culicoides in South Carolina Zoos

PubMed Central

Nelder, Mark P.; Swanson, Dustin A.; Adler, Peter H.; Grogan, William L.

2010-01-01

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) were collected during the summer of 2007 at the Greenville and Riverbanks Zoos in South Carolina with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) traps equipped with ultraviolet or incandescent lights and baited with carbon dioxide. Sixteen species of Culicoides were collected, four of which represented more than 80%. They were Culicoides guttipennis (Coquillett), Culicoides mulrenanni Beck, Culicoides obsoletus (Meigen), and Culicoides sanguisuga (Coquillett). C. guttipennis was found on a dead colobus monkey and a dead golden-headed lion tamarin; Culicoides husseyi Wirth & Blanton was collected from an unidentified, abandoned bird's nest. Ultraviolet light-equipped traps captured significantly more Culicoides specimens than traps with incandescent light. Half of the collected species previously have been associated with vertebrate pathogens, indicating a potential risk to captive animals. PMID:20569132

In This Issue: Opiates, Tobacco, Social Determinants of Health, Social Accountability for Non-Profit Hospitals, More on PCMH, and Clinical Topics.

PubMed

Bowman, Marjorie A; Victoria Neale, Anne; Seehusen, Dean A

2017-01-01

This issue contains several articles about the factors contributing to the complex and deadly interplay between social determinants of health, pain, mental illness, and addictive substances such as opioids and tobacco. One article clearly is a call to action: more than half of opioid prescriptions in the United States are given to patients with mental health problems. Two articles report work on the next steps for social determinants of health in health care settings. Social accountability based on community health needs assessments required of community hospitals should lead to the creation of more family medicine residency positions. Patient-centered medical home (PCMH) recognition can be costly. A new typology for PCMHs is proposed. Other topics include group advance care planning visits, the interaction of dental and primary care, free clinics, a fix for a squeaking wrist, adherence to latent tuberculosis treatment, and more. © Copyright 2017 by the American Board of Family Medicine.

Precision Positioning and Inertial Guidance Sensors. Technology and Operational Aspects

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-03-01

Ueberlingen, GE EVALUATION D’UN SYSTEME EUROPEEN DE NAVIGATION HYBRIDE A - - GYROLASER POUR HELICOPTERE: "SEXTAN" by D Regnault, Centre d’Essais en Vol de...NAVIGATION SYSTEM AND STANDARD STATE ELEMENT DEVIATIONMEASUREMENT SOURCES( Dead-reckoning with position fxP fy 5000 En ]TAS, heading and wind scale...Reproduction Ltd ilarford House. 7-9 Charlotte St. London. WIP JIHD [i Ii THEME A new class of precision positioning systems , including GPS (Global

May we practise endotracheal intubation on the newly dead?

PubMed Central

Ardagh, M

1997-01-01

Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a valuable procedure which must be learnt and practised, and performing ETI on cadavers is probably the best way to do this, although lesser alternatives do exist. Performing ETI on a cadaver is viewed with a real and reasonable repugnance and if it is done without proper authorisation it might be illegal. Some form of consent is required. Presumed consent would preferably be governed by statute and should only occur if the community is well informed and therefore in a position of being able to decline. Currently neither statute nor adequate informing exists. Endotracheal intubation on the newly dead may be justifiable according to a Guttman scale if the patient has already consented to organ donation and if further research supports the relevance of the Guttman scale to this question. A "mandated choice" with prior individual consent as a matter of public policy is the best of these solutions, however until such a solution is in place we may not practise endotracheal intubation on the newly dead. PMID:9358348

A percolation approach to study the high electric field effect on electrical conductivity of insulating polymer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benallou, Amina; Hadri, Baghdad; Martinez-Vega, Juan; El Islam Boukortt, Nour

2018-04-01

The effect of percolation threshold on the behaviour of electrical conductivity at high electric field of insulating polymers has been briefly investigated in literature. Sometimes the dead ends links are not taken into account in the study of the electric field effect on the electrical properties. In this work, we present a theoretical framework and Monte Carlo simulation of the behaviour of the electric conductivity at high electric field based on the percolation theory using the traps energies levels which are distributed according to distribution law (uniform, Gaussian, and power-law). When a solid insulating material is subjected to a high electric field, and during trapping mechanism the dead ends of traps affect with decreasing the electric conductivity according to the traps energies levels, the correlation length of the clusters, the length of the dead ends, and the concentration of the accessible positions for the electrons. A reasonably good agreement is obtained between simulation results and the theoretical framework.

The ethics of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in brain-dead potential organ donors.

PubMed

Dalle Ave, Anne L; Gardiner, Dale; Shaw, David M

2016-05-01

Organ-preserving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OP-ECMO) is defined as the use of extracorporeal support for the primary purpose of preserving organs for transplantation, rather than to save the patient's life. This paper discusses the ethics of using OP-ECMO in donation after brain determination of death (DBDD) to avoid the loss of organs for transplantation. We review case reports in the literature and analyze the ethical issues raised. We conclude that there is little additional ethical concern in continuing OP-ECMO in patients already on ECMO if they become brain dead. The implementation of OP-ECMO in hemodynamically unstable brain-dead patients is ethically permissible in certain clinical situations but requires specific consent from relatives if the patient's wish to donate is not clear. If no evidence of a patient's wish to donate is available, OP-ECMO is not recommended. In countries with presumed consent legislation, failure to opt out should be considered as a positive wish to donate. If a patient is not-yet brain-dead or is undergoing testing for brain death, OP-ECMO is not recommended. Further research on OP-ECMO is needed to better understand the attitudes of professionals, families, and lay people to ensure agreement on key ethical issues. © 2016 Steunstichting ESOT.

A chloroplast-targeted cabbage DEAD-box RNA helicase BrRH22 confers abiotic stress tolerance to transgenic Arabidopsis plants by affecting translation of chloroplast transcripts.

PubMed

Nawaz, Ghazala; Lee, Kwanuk; Park, Su Jung; Kim, Yeon-Ok; Kang, Hunseung

2018-06-01

Although the roles of many DEAD-box RNA helicases (RHs) have been determined in the nucleus as well as in cytoplasm during stress responses, the importance of chloroplast-targeted DEAD-box RHs in stress response remains largely unknown. In this study, we determined the function of BrRH22, a chloroplast-targeted DEAD-box RH in cabbage (Brassica rapa), in abiotic stress responses. The expression of BrRH22 was markedly increased by drought, heat, salt, or cold stress and by ABA treatment, but was largely decreased by UV stress. Expression of BrRH22 in Arabidopsis enhanced germination and plantlet growth under high salinity or drought stress. BrRH22-expressing plants displayed a higher cotyledon greening and better plantlet growth upon ABA treatment due to decreases in the levels of ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. Further, BrRH22 affected translation of several chloroplast transcripts under stress. Notably, BrRH22 had RNA chaperone function. These results altogether suggest that chloroplast-transported BrRH22 contributes positively to the response of transgenic Arabidopsis to abiotic stress by affecting translation of chloroplast genes via its RNA chaperone activity. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Site factors influencing oak decline in the interior highlands of Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma

Treesearch

Edward A. Poole; Eric Heitzman; James M. Guldin

2006-01-01

Oak decline is affecting the forests in the Interior Highlands of Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. In 2002 and 2003, field plots were established throughout the region to evaluate the influence of topographic position and aspect on oak decline. Density and basal area of dead and dying oaks did not significantly differ by either topographic position or aspect. Lack of...

Structural analysis for a 40-story building

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hua, L.

1972-01-01

NASTRAN was chosen as the principal analytical tool for structural analysis of the Illinois Center Plaza Hotel Building in Chicago, Illinois. The building is a 40-story, reinforced concrete structure utilizing a monolithic slab-column system. The displacements, member stresses, and foundation loads due to wind load, live load, and dead load were obtained through a series of NASTRAN runs. These analyses and the input technique are described.

HIV envelope glycoprotein imaged at high resolution | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

The outer surface of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is surrounded by an envelope studded with spike-shaped glycoproteins called Env that help the deadly virus identify, bind, and infect cells. When unbound, Env exists in a “closed” conformational state. Upon binding with target cells, such as CD4+ T cells, the protein transitions to an “open” configuration. Given that

Wnt Inactivation for Liver Cancer Therapy | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common and third most deadly type of cancer in the world. The majority of cases occur in Asia and Africa, resulting in most cases being diagnosed only at advanced stages of the disease when drug resistance is high. HCC typically follows damage to the liver such as cirrhosis, making radiation and chemotherapy a more challenging

Power control for heat engines

DOEpatents

Dineen, John J.

1984-01-01

A power control arrangement for a Stirling engine includes a sleeve mounted in each cylinder for axial movement and a port in the sleeve leading to a dead space. The port is covered by the piston at a position that is determined by the piston position and the axial adjustment of the sleeve. The compression phase of the Stirling cycle for that piston begins when the port is covered, so the position of the sleeve is used to set the Stirling engine power level.

Respiratory dead space measurement in the investigation of pulmonary embolism in outpatients with pleuritic chest pain.

PubMed

Hogg, Kerstin; Dawson, Deborah; Tabor, Ted; Tabor, Beverly; Mackway-Jones, Kevin

2005-10-01

Pleuritic chest pain is a common presenting condition in the emergency department. A noninvasive bedside rule out test for pulmonary embolism would aid investigating this patient group. Our study aimed to compare the clinical utility of three methods for calculating respiratory dead space in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in outpatients with pleuritic chest pain. Prospective diagnostic study. Large city-center emergency department. Between February 2002 and June 2003, 425 patients presenting to the emergency department with pleuritic chest pain were prospectively recruited. Data collection for respiratory dead space was performed in the emergency department by two researchers. The respiratory dead space fraction was calculated independently using three different methods. All patients underwent an independent reference standard diagnostic algorithm to establish the presence or absence of pulmonary embolism. Those with a low modified Wells clinical probability and a normal quantitative d-dimer finding were discharged home. All others followed a reference standard protocol using Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis-interpreted ventilation/perfusion scanning, CT pulmonary angiography, and digital subtraction pulmonary angiography. All patients were followed up clinically for 3 months. For the Bohr calculation, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.62 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51 to 0.73), the Enghoff calculation was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.55 to 0.77), and the capillary sample Enghoff was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.65). The optimum Bohr cutoff value gave 100.0% sensitivity (95% CI, 84.5 to 100%) but a low specificity of 22.7% (95% CI, 18.8 to 27.2%). The optimum cutoff points for Enghoff and capillary Enghoff calculations gave sensitivities of 95.3% (95% CI, 77.3 to 99.2%) and 94.4% (95% CI, 74.2 to 99.0%), respectively, with poor specificity. Respiratory dead space analysis does not perform well as a stand-alone diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism in outpatients presenting with pleuritic chest pain.

FLEXnav: a fuzzy logic expert dead-reckoning system for the Segway RMP

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ojeda, Lauro; Raju, Mukunda; Borenstein, Johann

2004-09-01

Most mobile robots use a combination of absolute and relative sensing techniques for position estimation. Relative positioning techniques are generally known as dead-reckoning. Many systems use odometry as their only dead-reckoning means. However, in recent years fiber optic gyroscopes have become more affordable and are being used on many platforms to supplement odometry, especially in indoor applications. Still, if the terrain is not level (i.e., rugged or rolling terrain), the tilt of the vehicle introduces errors into the conversion of gyro readings to vehicle heading. In order to overcome this problem vehicle tilt must be measured and factored into the heading computation. A unique new mobile robot is the Segway Robotics Mobility Platform (RMP). This functionally close relative of the innovative Segway Human Transporter (HT) stabilizes a statically unstable single-axle robot dynamically, based on the principle of the inverted pendulum. While this approach works very well for human transportation, it introduces as unique set of challenges to navigation equipment using an onboard gyro. This is due to the fact that in operation the Segway RMP constantly changes its forward tilt, to prevent dynamically falling over. This paper introduces our new Fuzzy Logic Expert rule-based navigation (FLEXnav) method for fusing data from multiple gyroscopes and accelerometers in order to estimate accurately the attitude (i.e., heading and tilt) of a mobile robot. The attitude information is then further fused with wheel encoder data to estimate the three-dimensional position of the mobile robot. We have further extended this approach to include the special conditions of operation on the Segway RMP. The paper presents experimental results of a Segway RMP equipped with our system and running over moderately rugged terrain.

Evidence of possible vertical transmission of Tembusu virus in ducks.

PubMed

Zhang, Ying; Li, Xiuli; Chen, Hao; Ti, Jinfeng; Yang, Guoping; Zhang, Lu; Lu, Yunjian; Diao, Youxiang

2015-09-30

In 2013, Tembusu virus (TMUV) infection was successively observed on several breeding duck farms in Shandong province, China. Affected ducks showed consistently acute anorexia, diarrhea and egg production drop. 125 hatching eggs produced by TMUV infected breeding ducks from four duck farms were collected. Among them, 35 hatching eggs were selected randomly from all before incubation for vitelline membrane samples collection. The rest of 90 hatching eggs were incubated routinely. As a result, 16 hatching eggs were found non-embryonated, 28 duck embryos died during incubation and 46 newly hatched ducklings were obtained. Vitelline membranes of non-embryonated hatching eggs, vitelline membrane, brain or liver samples of dead embryos and brain samples of newly hatched ducklings were collected for virus detection. Samples collected from one egg, embryo or duckling were treated as one. Consequently, 18 of 35 (51.43%) hatching eggs, 2 of 16 (12.50%) non-embryonated duck eggs, 17 of 28 (60.71%) dead duck embryos and 5 of 46 (10.87%) newly hatched ducklings were detected positive for TMUV using NS3-based RT-PCR. Overall, 42 of 125 (33.6%) eggs were positive for TMUV. A virus strain, designated as TMUV-SDDE, was isolated from one of these dead duck embryos which were detected TMUV positive. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that E gene of TMUV-SDDE virus was closely related to other TMUV strains isolated in China during 2010-2013. Pathogenicity studies showed that TMUV-SDDE strain was virulent to ducklings. This is the first report that TMUV is isolated from duck embryos. The findings provide evidence of possible vertical transmission of TMUV from breeding ducks to ducklings. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of the acrosomal status in Lama glama sperm incubated with acrosome reaction inducers.

PubMed

Carretero, M I; Fumuso, F G; Neild, D M; Giuliano, S M; Cetica, P; Miragaya, M H

2015-09-01

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of different acrosome reaction (AR) inducers on viability and acrosomal status in llama spermatozoa, by using the FITC-PNA/PI technique and evaluate if there is a positive correlation between the FITC-PNA/PI and the Coomassie blue (CB) staining techniques. After incubating twenty ejaculates in 0.1% collagenase the centrifuged pellets were resuspended in TALP-BSA medium. An aliquot was sonicated to remove the acrosomal content (positive control). The rest of the sample was incubated for 3h at 38 °C with 5% CO2 and 100% humidity. Three aliquots were further incubated 1h with one of the following AR inducers: calcium ionophore, ionomycin or progesterone. One without inducers and the other, incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle of the inducing agents). Acrosomes were evaluated at time 0 and after 4h incubation. Calcium ionophore was the most potent agent for inducing the AR (67.2 ± 14.4% live+dead AR sperm) (P < 0.05). These samples showed no motility and viability was very low (0-30%). Both ionomycin and progesterone presented significantly higher (P < 0.05) percentages of total AR sperm than the controls, but had similar percentages of dead reacted sperm to the controls. A positive correlation was observed between the intact acrosome FITC-PNA/PI pattern (live+dead sperm) and the acrosome-present CB pattern (r = 0.64; P = 0.000) in all the evaluated samples. the FITC-PNA/PI technique simultaneously evaluates viability and acrosomal status in llama spermatozoa and calcium ionophore could be used as a control of AR. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Kinematic Model-Based Pedestrian Dead Reckoning for Heading Correction and Lower Body Motion Tracking.

PubMed

Lee, Min Su; Ju, Hojin; Song, Jin Woo; Park, Chan Gook

2015-11-06

In this paper, we present a method for finding the enhanced heading and position of pedestrians by fusing the Zero velocity UPdaTe (ZUPT)-based pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) and the kinematic constraints of the lower human body. ZUPT is a well known algorithm for PDR, and provides a sufficiently accurate position solution for short term periods, but it cannot guarantee a stable and reliable heading because it suffers from magnetic disturbance in determining heading angles, which degrades the overall position accuracy as time passes. The basic idea of the proposed algorithm is integrating the left and right foot positions obtained by ZUPTs with the heading and position information from an IMU mounted on the waist. To integrate this information, a kinematic model of the lower human body, which is calculated by using orientation sensors mounted on both thighs and calves, is adopted. We note that the position of the left and right feet cannot be apart because of the kinematic constraints of the body, so the kinematic model generates new measurements for the waist position. The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) on the waist data that estimates and corrects error states uses these measurements and magnetic heading measurements, which enhances the heading accuracy. The updated position information is fed into the foot mounted sensors, and reupdate processes are performed to correct the position error of each foot. The proposed update-reupdate technique consequently ensures improved observability of error states and position accuracy. Moreover, the proposed method provides all the information about the lower human body, so that it can be applied more effectively to motion tracking. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified via experimental results, which show that a 1.25% Return Position Error (RPE) with respect to walking distance is achieved.

Recovery of carbon pools a decade after wildfire in black spruce forests of interior Alaska: effects of soil texture and landscape position

Treesearch

Gregory P. Houle; Evan S. Kane; Eric S. Kasischke; Carolyn M. Gibson; Merritt R. Turetsky

2017-01-01

We measured organic-layer (OL) recovery and carbon stocks in dead woody debris a decade after wildfire in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) forests of interior Alaska. Previous study at these research plots has shown the strong role that landscape position plays in governing the proportion of OL consumed during fire and revegetation after...

Inertial Pocket Navigation System: Unaided 3D Positioning

PubMed Central

Munoz Diaz, Estefania

2015-01-01

Inertial navigation systems use dead-reckoning to estimate the pedestrian's position. There are two types of pedestrian dead-reckoning, the strapdown algorithm and the step-and-heading approach. Unlike the strapdown algorithm, which consists of the double integration of the three orthogonal accelerometer readings, the step-and-heading approach lacks the vertical displacement estimation. We propose the first step-and-heading approach based on unaided inertial data solving 3D positioning. We present a step detector for steps up and down and a novel vertical displacement estimator. Our navigation system uses the sensor introduced in the front pocket of the trousers, a likely location of a smartphone. The proposed algorithms are based on the opening angle of the leg or pitch angle. We analyzed our step detector and compared it with the state-of-the-art, as well as our already proposed step length estimator. Lastly, we assessed our vertical displacement estimator in a real-world scenario. We found that our algorithms outperform the literature step and heading algorithms and solve 3D positioning using unaided inertial data. Additionally, we found that with the pitch angle, five activities are distinguishable: standing, sitting, walking, walking up stairs and walking down stairs. This information complements the pedestrian location and is of interest for applications, such as elderly care. PMID:25897501

Sibling death and death fear in relation to depressive symptomatology in older adults.

PubMed

Cicirelli, Victor G

2009-01-01

Previously overlooked factors in elders' depressive symptomatology were examined, including death fear, sibling death, and sibling closeness. Participants were 150 elders (61 men, 89 women) aged 65-97 years with at least one sibling. Measures were proportion of deceased siblings, sibling closeness, the Death Fear Subscale of the Death Attitude Profile-Revised, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (20-item adult form). Age and education were exogenous variables in a structural equation model. Death fear, sibling closeness, and proportion of dead siblings were directly related to depression, with path coefficients of .42, -.24, and .13, respectively. Proportion of dead siblings had indirect effects on depression, as did age and education. Depressive symptomatology in old age is influenced by death fear related to sibling death as well as by poor relationships with them; it must be understood within a situational context including death fear and sibling relationships.

When core competence is not enough: functional interplay of the DEAD-box helicase core with ancillary domains and auxiliary factors in RNA binding and unwinding.

PubMed

Rudolph, Markus G; Klostermeier, Dagmar

2015-08-01

DEAD-box helicases catalyze RNA duplex unwinding in an ATP-dependent reaction. Members of the DEAD-box helicase family consist of a common helicase core formed by two RecA-like domains. According to the current mechanistic model for DEAD-box mediated RNA unwinding, binding of RNA and ATP triggers a conformational change of the helicase core, and leads to formation of a compact, closed state. In the closed conformation, the two parts of the active site for ATP hydrolysis and of the RNA binding site, residing on the two RecA domains, become aligned. Closing of the helicase core is coupled to a deformation of the RNA backbone and destabilization of the RNA duplex, allowing for dissociation of one of the strands. The second strand remains bound to the helicase core until ATP hydrolysis and product release lead to re-opening of the core. The concomitant disruption of the RNA binding site causes dissociation of the second strand. The activity of the helicase core can be modulated by interaction partners, and by flanking N- and C-terminal domains. A number of C-terminal flanking regions have been implicated in RNA binding: RNA recognition motifs (RRM) typically mediate sequence-specific RNA binding, whereas positively charged, unstructured regions provide binding sites for structured RNA, without sequence-specificity. Interaction partners modulate RNA binding to the core, or bind to RNA regions emanating from the core. The functional interplay of the helicase core and ancillary domains or interaction partners in RNA binding and unwinding is not entirely understood. This review summarizes our current knowledge on RNA binding to the DEAD-box helicase core and the roles of ancillary domains and interaction partners in RNA binding and unwinding by DEAD-box proteins.

Survey of subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in a managed silvicultural plantation in Portugal, using a line-intersection method (LIS).

PubMed

Nobre, T; Nunes, L; Bignell, D E

2009-02-01

Subterranean termites (Reticulitermes grassei) were surveyed over successive seasons in a managed eucalyptus plantation in southeastern Portugal for 26 months. Termite activity in seven diameter categories of lying dead wood was investigated by a modified line intersection method (LIS). Each item sampled was inspected and assessed for termite attack and for general (i.e. fungal) decay status using standard protocols. Line intersection is quantitative to the extent that it can link foraging and decay parameters to woody biovolume. It was found that termites selected items with larger diameter, the observed trend showing an exponential character with greater termite attack as diameter increased. Attack by termites was positively associated with prior decay by fungi. A clear positive relationship was shown between rainfall and total woody biovolume containing live termites, underlining the importance of moisture for termite activity. Subterranean termites appeared to be important wood decomposers in the woodland studied, with an average of 30% of lying dead wood branches showing signs of termite attack.

A Fork in the Road: The Effects of Different Cellular Pathways on Melanoma | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

Malignant melanoma is one of the most deadly forms of cancer because of its high capacity to metastasize and because there are few treatments effective in stopping its progression. The extensive body of research on melanoma has identified several important protein mutations that contribute to development of the disease. One of these proteins, Ras, is mutated in 25 percent of

Genetically Engineered Autologous Cells for Antiangiogenic Therapy of Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-07-01

consisted of a large, fragmented avascular center surrounded by a thin band of vascularized matrix material, itself covered by a capsule of connective tissue...contained dead cells that showed features of coagulation necrosis . The minimal inflammatory response consisted of neutrophils scattered within the...vascularize most likely contributed to the death (coagulation necrosis ) of implanted MSCs localized in the implant core and to the fragmentation of the

A Novel Model for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

In the U.S. lung cancer remains the most deadly cancer type with less than one in five patients alive five years after diagnosis. The majority of lung cancer deaths are due to tobacco smoke, and the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) subtype of lung cancer is strongly associated with smoking. Researchers have identified a number of mutations in lung SCC tumors but have failed to

New Suspect Identified in Supernova Explosion

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-06-04

Supernovas are often thought of as the tremendous explosions that mark the ends of massive stars' lives. While this is true, not all supernovas occur in this fashion. A common supernova class, called Type Ia, involves the detonation of white dwarfs -- small, dense stars that are already dead. New results from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope have revealed a rare example of Type Ia explosion, in which a dead star "fed" off an aging star like a cosmic zombie, triggering a blast. The results help researchers piece together how these powerful and diverse events occur. "It's kind of like being a detective," said Brian Williams of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, lead author of a study submitted to the Astrophysical Journal. "We look for clues in the remains to try to figure out what happened, even though we weren't there to see it." Read more: 1.usa.gov/1i0PAaa NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Confocal microscopy and 3-D distribution of dead cells in cryopreserved pancreatic islets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Merchant, Fatima A.; Aggarwal, Shanti J.; Diller, Kenneth R.; Bartels, Keith A.; Bovik, Alan C.

1992-06-01

Our laboratory is involved in studies of changes in shape and size of biological specimens under osmotic stress at ambient and sub-zero temperatures. This paper describes confocal microscopy, image processing and analysis of 3-D distribution of cells in acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) fluorescent stained frozen-thawed islet of Langerhans. Isolated and cultured rat pancreatic islets were frozen and thawed in 2 M dimethylsulfoxide and examined under a Zeiss laser scanning confocal microscope. Two micrometers to five micrometers serial sections of the islets were obtained and processed to obtain high contrast images which were later processed in two steps. The first step consisted of the isolation of the region of interest by template masking followed by grey level thresholding to obtain a binary image. Three-dimensional blob coloring algorithm was applied and the number of voxels in each region and the number of regions were counted. The volumetric distribution of the dead cells in the islets was computed by calculating the distance from the center of each blob to the centroid of the 3-D image. An increase in the number of blobs moving from the center toward the periphery of the islet was observed indicating that the freeze damage was more concentrated in the outer edges of the islet.

Options for reducing HIV transmission related to the dead space in needles and syringes.

PubMed

Zule, William A; Pande, Poonam G; Otiashvili, David; Bobashev, Georgiy V; Friedman, Samuel R; Gyarmathy, V Anna; Des Jarlais, Don C

2018-01-15

When shared by people who inject drugs, needles and syringes with different dead space may affect the probability of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission differently. We measured dead space in 56 needle and syringe combinations obtained from needle and syringe programs across 17 countries in Europe and Asia. We also calculated the amounts of blood and HIV that would remain in different combinations following injection and rinsing. Syringe barrel capacities ranged from 0.5 to 20 mL. Needles ranged in length from 8 to 38 mm. The average dead space was 3 μL in low dead space syringes with permanently attached needles, 13 μL in high dead space syringes with low dead space needles, 45 μL in low dead space syringes with high dead space needles, and 99 μL in high dead space syringes with high dead space needles. Among low dead space designs, calculated volumes of blood and HIV viral burden were lowest for low dead space syringes with permanently attached needles and highest for low dead space syringes with high dead space needles. The dead space in different low dead space needle and syringe combinations varied substantially. To reduce HIV transmission related to syringe sharing, needle and syringe programs need to combine this knowledge with the needs of their clients.

Identification of the Key Weather Factors Affecting Overwintering Success of Apolygus lucorum Eggs in Dead Host Tree Branches

PubMed Central

Pan, Hongsheng; Liu, Bing; Lu, Yanhui; Desneux, Nicolas

2014-01-01

Understanding the effects of weather on insect population dynamics is crucial to simulate and forecast pest outbreaks, which is becoming increasingly important with the effects of climate change. The mirid bug Apolygus lucorum is an important pest on cotton, fruit trees and other crops in China, and primarily lays its eggs on dead parts of tree branches in the fall for subsequent overwintering. As such, the eggs that hatch the following spring are most strongly affected by ambient weather factors, rather than by host plant biology. In this study, we investigated the effects of three major weather factors: temperature, relative humidity and rainfall, on the hatching rate of A. lucorum eggs overwintering on dead branches of Chinese date tree (Ziziphus jujuba). Under laboratory conditions, rainfall (simulated via soaking) was necessary for the hatching of overwintering A. lucorum eggs. In the absence of rainfall (unsoaked branches), very few nymphs successfully emerged under any of the tested combinations of temperature and relative humidity. In contrast, following simulated rainfall, the hatching rate of the overwintering eggs increased dramatically. Hatching rate and developmental rate were positively correlated with relative humidity and temperature, respectively. Under field conditions, the abundance of nymphs derived from overwintering eggs was positively correlated with rainfall amount during the spring seasons of 2009–2013, while the same was not true for temperature and relative humidity. Overall, our findings indicate that rainfall is the most important factor affecting the hatching rate of overwintering A. lucorum eggs on dead plant parts and nymph population levels during the spring season. It provides the basic information for precisely forecasting the emergence of A. lucorum and subsequently timely managing its population in spring, which will make it possible to regional control of this insect pest widely occurring in multiple crops in summer. PMID:24705353

Identification of the key weather factors affecting overwintering success of Apolygus lucorum eggs in dead host tree branches.

PubMed

Pan, Hongsheng; Liu, Bing; Lu, Yanhui; Desneux, Nicolas

2014-01-01

Understanding the effects of weather on insect population dynamics is crucial to simulate and forecast pest outbreaks, which is becoming increasingly important with the effects of climate change. The mirid bug Apolygus lucorum is an important pest on cotton, fruit trees and other crops in China, and primarily lays its eggs on dead parts of tree branches in the fall for subsequent overwintering. As such, the eggs that hatch the following spring are most strongly affected by ambient weather factors, rather than by host plant biology. In this study, we investigated the effects of three major weather factors: temperature, relative humidity and rainfall, on the hatching rate of A. lucorum eggs overwintering on dead branches of Chinese date tree (Ziziphus jujuba). Under laboratory conditions, rainfall (simulated via soaking) was necessary for the hatching of overwintering A. lucorum eggs. In the absence of rainfall (unsoaked branches), very few nymphs successfully emerged under any of the tested combinations of temperature and relative humidity. In contrast, following simulated rainfall, the hatching rate of the overwintering eggs increased dramatically. Hatching rate and developmental rate were positively correlated with relative humidity and temperature, respectively. Under field conditions, the abundance of nymphs derived from overwintering eggs was positively correlated with rainfall amount during the spring seasons of 2009-2013, while the same was not true for temperature and relative humidity. Overall, our findings indicate that rainfall is the most important factor affecting the hatching rate of overwintering A. lucorum eggs on dead plant parts and nymph population levels during the spring season. It provides the basic information for precisely forecasting the emergence of A. lucorum and subsequently timely managing its population in spring, which will make it possible to regional control of this insect pest widely occurring in multiple crops in summer.

Pediatric trauma at an adult trauma center.

PubMed

Siram, Suryanarayana; Oyetunji, Tolulope A; Khoury, Amal L; Walker, Sonya R; Bolorunduro, Oluwaseyi B; Chang, David C; Greene, Wendy R; Cornwell, Edward E; Frederick, Wayne A I

2010-08-01

Accidental traumatic injury is the number 1 cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. In this study, we aim to prove that certain pediatric patients can be treated with good outcomes at an adult level 1 trauma center. Retrospective analysis using the Howard University Hospital trauma registry identified 71 patients treated at Howard University Hospital between the ages of 1 and 17 years old. Specific variables were identified and collected for each patient. The majority of pediatric traumas treated at Howard University Hospital between June 2004 and May 2005 had high survival rates (93%). The patients who did not survive (7%) included 3 patients who were dead on arrival and 2 who died shortly after arrival to the hospital. Certain pediatric populations who present with minor and/or isolated injuries can be treated in an adult level 1 trauma center with similar outcomes to treatment in a pediatric level 1 trauma center.

GEMINI-7 - EARTH-SKY VIEW - MIDDLE-EAST AREA - OUTER SPACE

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-12-08

S65-63849 (8 Dec. 1965) --- The eastern Mediterranean area as seen from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Gemini-7 spacecraft. The Nile Delta in Egypt is at bottom. The Suez Canal, Gulf of Suez and Red Sea are in the center of the photograph. The Sinai Peninsula is in the upper right corner of the picture. The body of water at the top edge of the photograph is the Gulf of Aqaba. The Dead Sea can be seen at top center. Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Syria are also at top center. The Island of Cyprus is at extreme left. Astronauts Frank Borman and James A. Lovell Jr. took this picture using a modified 70mm Hasselblad camera, with Eastman Kodak, Ektachrome MS (S.O. 217) color film. Photo credit: NASA

Labeled carbon dioxide (C18O2): an indicator gas for phase II in expirograms.

PubMed

Schulz, Holger; Schulz, Anne; Eder, Gunter; Heyder, Joachim

2004-11-01

Carbon dioxide labeled with 18O (C18O2) was used as a tracer gas for single-breath measurements in six anesthetized, mechanically ventilated beagle dogs. C18O2 is taken up quasi-instantaneously in the gas-exchanging region of the lungs but much less so in the conducting airways. Its use allows a clear separation of phase II in an expirogram even from diseased individuals and excludes the influence of alveolar concentration differences. Phase II of a C18O2 expirogram mathematically corresponds to the cumulative distribution of bronchial pathways to be traversed completely in the course of exhalation. The derivative of this cumulative distribution with respect to respired volume was submitted to a power moment analysis to characterize volumetric mean (position), standard deviation (broadness), and skewness (asymmetry) of phase II. Position is an estimate of dead space volume, whereas broadness and skewness are measures of the range and asymmetry of functional airway pathway lengths. The effects of changing ventilatory patterns and of changes in airway size (via carbachol-induced bronchoconstriction) were studied. Increasing inspiratory or expiratory flow rates or tidal volume had only minor influence on position and shape of phase II. With the introduction of a postinspiratory breath hold, phase II was continually shifted toward the airway opening (maximum 45% at 16 s) and became steeper by up to 16%, whereas skewness showed a biphasic response with a moderate decrease at short breath holding and a significant increase at longer breath holds. Stepwise bronchoconstriction decreased position up to 45 +/- 2% and broadness of phase II up to 43 +/- 4%, whereas skewness was increased up to twofold at high-carbachol concentrations. Under all circumstances, position of phase II by power moment analysis and dead space volume by the Fowler technique agreed closely in our healthy dogs. Overall, power moment analysis provides a more comprehensive view on phase II of single-breath expirograms than conventional dead space volume determinations and may be useful for respiratory physiology studies as well as for the study of diseased lungs.

Rust in Peace: Finding Hope for the Future in the Graveyards of Technology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jungk, Robert

1984-01-01

When a form of high technology becomes obsolete, many people acquire a fear and distrust of the future--a neurosis called the ruins complex. But humanity can respond positively to the ghosts of dead technology and invent a hopeful future. (Author/RM)

Queen Christina's moral claim on the living: justification of a tenacious moral intuition.

PubMed

Masterton, Malin; Helgesson, Gert; Höglund, Anna T; Hansson, Mats G

2007-09-01

In the long-running debate on the interest of the dead, Joan C. Callahan argues against such interests and although Søren Holm for practical reasons is prepared to consider posthumous interests, he does not see any moral basis to support such interests. He argues that the whole question is irresolvable, yet finds privacy interests where Tutankhamen is concerned. Callahan argues that there can be reasons to hold on to the fiction that there are posthumous interests, namely if it is comforting for the living and instrumental for society. Thus, despite arguing against the position that the dead have any interests or for any moral basis for such interests, these "interests" are still taken into consideration in the end. This shows the unsatisfactory basis of their positions and indicates the tenacity of the moral intuition that the dead can have moral claims on the living. One example of a posthumous interest is the interest in one's good name. Here we argue that it is an interest of moral significance. This implies that if individuals restrict use of their sample when they are still alive, those restrictions apply after their death. Further, it implies that one should be concerned with the reputation of historic persons. Research that defeats these interests calls for justification. We have suggested two lines of thinking along which such a discussion could go: investigating the truth-value of the good name and the relevance of bringing it into possible disrepute.

Successful Transplant of Two Kidneys Harvested from a Young Brain-Dead Liver Transplant Recipient.

PubMed

Rana, Anil Kumar Singh; Agarwal, Nitin; Dutta, Sushant; Dokania, Manoj Kumar

2017-06-01

Efforts to increase the dismal deceased renal transplantation (DRT): live renal transplantation (LRT) ratio in our country have gathered momentum recently, with governmental and non-governmental projects focussing on building public awareness and capacity-building, and appropriate legislation. Worldwide, efforts at increasing the number of organs from the deceased pool have focussed on the use of 'expanded criteria donors', including deceased cardiac donors (DCD). 'Reuse' transplant, where an organ is transplanted after removal from the first recipient, is a rare strategy, used more commonly in liver than in kidney transplantation. Exceptional circumstances, where other organs have been harvested from transplant recipients, are rare. We describe the successful transplants of two renal grafts obtained from a 19-year-old brain-dead liver transplant recipient; this is probably the second case in English-language literature. A 19-year-old male patient with hepatitis E-induced fulminant hepatic failure underwent live-related liver transplantation. On postoperative day 2, cerebral edema set in, and the patient was declared brain-dead. Despite the economical and emotional trauma, the family opted for donation of the well-perfused kidneys. The kidneys were transported in HTK solution (histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate) to our centre. Recipient 1 was a 32-year-old woman (B positive) and recipient 2 was a 29-year-old man (also B positive); the kidneys were placed extraperitoneally and anastomosed end-to-side to the external iliac artery and vein. Recipient 2 experienced delayed graft function; however, both are doing well 15 months posttransplant.

Competition for dead trees between humans and aye-ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis) in central eastern Madagascar.

PubMed

Miller, Rose T; Raharison, Jean-Luc; Irwin, Mitchell T

2017-04-01

The destruction and degradation of forest habitats are major threats to the sustainability of lemur populations in Madagascar. Madagascan landscapes often contain forest fragments that represent refuges for native fauna, while also being used for firewood and timber by local human populations. As undisturbed forest becomes increasingly scarce, understanding resource competition between humans and wildlife in disturbed habitats will be increasingly important. We tested the hypothesis that Malagasy and aye-ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis) compete for the limited number of dead trees in rainforest fragments at Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar. We surveyed 2.16 ha within five fragments (range 5-228 ha) surrounding human settlements to quantify the density of dead trees and traces of both human and aye-aye activity. Neither aye-aye nor human traces were distributed according to the availability of particular trees species, and aye-ayes and Malagasy apparently preferred several different species. Although overlap was recorded in tree species used, human use tended to be positively correlated with a species' desirability as firewood, while a negative relationship was seen for aye-ayes. Both consumers used trees of similar diameter at breast height, but those used by aye-ayes tended to be older, suggesting that human use might precede usefulness for aye-ayes. Finally, the density of dead trees and aye-aye traces were highest in smaller fragments, but human traces did not vary across fragment size. Although further study is needed to better quantify the aye-aye diet in this region, these data suggest that aye-ayes and local people compete for dead trees, and this competition could constitute a pressure on aye-aye populations.

Classification of phytoplankton cells as live or dead using the vital stains fluorescein diacetate and 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate.

PubMed

MacIntyre, Hugh L; Cullen, John J

2016-08-01

Regulations for ballast water treatment specify limits on the concentrations of living cells in discharge water. The vital stains fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) in combination have been recommended for use in verification of ballast water treatment technology. We tested the effectiveness of FDA and CMFDA, singly and in combination, in discriminating between living and heat-killed populations of 24 species of phytoplankton from seven divisions, verifying with quantitative growth assays that uniformly live and dead populations were compared. The diagnostic signal, per-cell fluorescence intensity, was measured by flow cytometry and alternate discriminatory thresholds were defined statistically from the frequency distributions of the dead or living cells. Species were clustered by staining patterns: for four species, the staining of live versus dead cells was distinct, and live-dead classification was essentially error free. But overlap between the frequency distributions of living and heat-killed cells in the other taxa led to unavoidable errors, well in excess of 20% in many. In 4 very weakly staining taxa, the mean fluorescence intensity in the heat-killed cells was higher than that of the living cells, which is inconsistent with the assumptions of the method. Applying the criteria of ≤5% false negative plus ≤5% false positive errors, and no significant loss of cells due to staining, FDA and FDA+CMFDA gave acceptably accurate results for only 8-10 of 24 species (i.e., 33%-42%). CMFDA was the least effective stain and its addition to FDA did not improve the performance of FDA alone. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Phycology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Phycological Society of America.

Detecting presence of live and dead pathogenic organisms in water and the water solutions by laser spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moguilnaya, T.; Suminov, I.; Ignatov, S.

2017-05-01

Presented is a new method for the recognition of live or dead pathogens in water. This method is based on the diagnostics of non-linear effects that comprise two phenomena: an induced luminescence of DNA under the influence of laser radiation, and a stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The following model parameters were selected for the identification: the peak positions of spectral lines corresponding to pathogens and the difference between two wavelengths corresponding, respectively, to a laser mode maximum, and to a peak of the spectral line of a pathogen. A large volume of experimental data has been obtained and statistical analysis using Student’s test was carried out in order to determine the probability of the detection of spectra. The dynamics of the spectra of direct dispersion have been studied for a number of bacteria. Based on these results, the method and the device were developed. That device was tested in a water pipe line. In addition, we have studied the dynamics of changes in the spectra for solutions containing live bacteria and dead cells.

Psychometric Properties of Farsi Version of the Wish to be Dead Scale.

PubMed

Dadfar, Mahboubeh; Lester, David; Atef Vahid, Mohammad Kazem; Abdel-Khalek, Ahmed M

2017-11-01

The Wish to be Dead Scale (WDS) is a new scale to measure precursors to suicidal ideation, and the aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric characteristics of a Farsi version of the WDS. The sample was a convenience sample of 145 Iranian female undergraduates and postgraduates selected from different faculties at Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Using a principal component analysis and a varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization, three factors were identified and labeled: (a) lack of purpose and usefulness in life, (b) lack of interest in living, and (c) fantasizing about being dead. The WDS had good inter-item and test-retest reliability and significant positive correlations with scores on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and negative correlations with scores on the Adult Hope Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Love of Life Scale, the Life Orientation Test, and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. We conclude that the WDS may prove to be useful in clinical practice and research into suicide.

9 CFR 82.6 - Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Interstate movement of dead birds and... (END) § 82.6 Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section for dressed carcasses, dead birds and dead poultry, including any...

9 CFR 82.6 - Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interstate movement of dead birds and... (END) § 82.6 Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section for dressed carcasses, dead birds and dead poultry, including any...

The Active Structure of the Greater Dead Sea Basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shamir, G.

2002-12-01

The Greater Dead Sea Basin (GDSB) is a 220km long depression situated along the southern section of the Dead Sea Transform (DST), between two structurally and gravitationally elevated points, Wadi Malih in the north and Paran fault zone in the south. In its center is the Dead Sea basin 'sensu strictu' (DSB), which has been described since the 1970s as a pull-apart basin at a left step-over along the DST. However, several observations, or their lack thereof, contradict this scheme, e.g. (i) It is not supported by recent seismological and geomorphic data; (ii) It does not explain the fault pattern and mixed sinistral and dextral offset along the DSB western boundary; (iii) It does not simply explain the presence of intense deformation outside the presumed fault step zone; (iv) It is inconsistent with the orientation of seismically active faults within the Dead Sea and Jericho Valley; (v) The length of the DSB exceeds the total offset along the Dead Sea Transform, while its subsidence is about the age of the DST. In this study, newly acquired and analyzed data (high resolution seismic reflection and earthquake relocation and fault plane solutions) has been integrated with previously published data (structural mapping, fracture orientation distribution, Bouguer anomaly maps, sinkhole distribution, geomorphic lineaments). The results show that the GDSB is dominated by two active fault systems, one trending NNE and showing normal-dextral motion, the other trending NW. These systems are identified by earthquake activity, seismic reflection observations, alignment of recent sinkholes, and distribution of Bouguer anomaly gradients. As a result, the intra-basin structure is of a series of rectangular blocks. The dextral slip component along NNE trending faults, the mixed sense of lateral offset along the western boundary of the DSB and temporal change in fracture orientation in the Jericho Valley suggest that the intra-basin blocks have rotated counterclockwise since the Pleistocene. The overall sinistral motion between the Arabian and Israel-Sinai plates along the GDSB may thus be accommodated by the postulated, internally rotating shear zone. Then, the subsidence of the DSB may possibly be explained if the rate of the resulting internal E-W shortening is greater than the rate of plate convergence.

Defect specific luminescence dead layers in CdS and CdSe

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rosenberg, R. A.

CdS and CdSe are often used in optoelectronic devices whose effectiveness is may be dictated by defects in the near surface region. Luminescence is one of the main tools for studying such defects. The energy dependence of the x-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) spectra of these materials enables the extraction of the depth dependence of the defect distribution. Normal and time-gated XEOL spectra were obtained from these materials in the energy range 600 to 1500 eV. Here, we find that the results can best be understood in terms of a luminescence dead layer whose width depends on the position ofmore » the defect level in the band gap.« less

Defect specific luminescence dead layers in CdS and CdSe

DOE PAGES

Rosenberg, R. A.

2017-04-28

CdS and CdSe are often used in optoelectronic devices whose effectiveness is may be dictated by defects in the near surface region. Luminescence is one of the main tools for studying such defects. The energy dependence of the x-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) spectra of these materials enables the extraction of the depth dependence of the defect distribution. Normal and time-gated XEOL spectra were obtained from these materials in the energy range 600 to 1500 eV. Here, we find that the results can best be understood in terms of a luminescence dead layer whose width depends on the position ofmore » the defect level in the band gap.« less

Feasibility study of cytokine removal by hemoadsorption in brain-dead humans.

PubMed

Kellum, John A; Venkataraman, Ramesh; Powner, David; Elder, Michele; Hergenroeder, Georgene; Carter, Melinda

2008-01-01

Inflammatory cytokines occur in the circulation and in the tissues after brain death and have been associated with dysfunction of donor organs before and after transplantation. To determine the feasibility of removing cytokines using a hemoadsorption device. Two-center, randomized, open-label, feasibility study in which brain-dead subjects were randomized to two treatment groups. Two U.S. academic hospitals. Eight brain-dead subjects deemed unsuitable for organ donation by respective organ procurement organizations. After obtaining consent from families, subjects were treated with hemoadsorption for 4 hrs using CytoSorb. Effects on cytokines (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-10) were assessed both across the device and in the plasma over time. Feasibility for cytokine removal was assessed using objective criteria. Cytokine removal across the CytoSorb device ranged from 4% to 30% and was not significantly different from 1 hr to 4 hrs. Overall removal was greatest for IL-6, 28% (p = .006), and least for tumor necrosis factor, 8.5% (p = .13). Plasma concentrations of both IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor, but not IL-10, were significantly reduced after the first hour of therapy; mean differences were -13% +/- 7% for IL-6 (p = .039), -23% +/- 9% for tumor necrosis factor (p = .02), and -2% +/- 7% of IL-10 (p = 23). However, plasma concentrations for all three cytokines increased over time and were above baseline by the end of the intervention. No adverse effects of therapy were observed. However, removal of cortisol and triiodothyronine was similar to removal of cytokines. Hemoadsorption for removal of cytokines in brain-dead subjects is feasible. Evaluation of possible clinical benefit will require controlled trials in actual donors. However, the significant capacity for cytokine removal and absence of adverse events suggest that such trials are warranted.

Is Your Fish Dead? Create Your Library Brand

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fullner, Sheryl Kindle

2007-01-01

Establishing a library brand requires positive effects on publics. Five publics identify each library: students, teachers, administration, parents, and community. It takes effort to target each of those five publics with a consistent message about what a library offers that makes it unique. Librarians, scrambling to accomplish the necessities of…

16 CFR 1505.6 - Performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... waveform of the test voltage shall approximate a sine wave as closely as possible. (iii) The applied test... stalled-rotor current of the toy at maximum rated voltage. There shall be no electrical or mechanical... voltage with the rotor of the motor locked into position. During the test, exposed dead metal parts of the...

16 CFR 1505.6 - Performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... waveform of the test voltage shall approximate a sine wave as closely as possible. (iii) The applied test... stalled-rotor current of the toy at maximum rated voltage. There shall be no electrical or mechanical... voltage with the rotor of the motor locked into position. During the test, exposed dead metal parts of the...

16 CFR 1505.6 - Performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... waveform of the test voltage shall approximate a sine wave as closely as possible. (iii) The applied test... stalled-rotor current of the toy at maximum rated voltage. There shall be no electrical or mechanical... voltage with the rotor of the motor locked into position. During the test, exposed dead metal parts of the...

ROLE OF RICKETTSIAL AND PARARICKETTSIAL MICROBES IN THE PATHOLOGY OF PREGNANCY

DTIC Science & Technology

In 14 women who had spontaneous interruptions of pregnancy and who gave birth to dead or non-viable children, eleven(or 78.57%) are serologically...positive in the microagglutination reaction for rickettsiae and pararickettsiae. In the control group of 14 women who gave birth to normal children at

21 CFR 868.5250 - Breathing circuit circulator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Breathing circuit circulator. 868.5250 Section 868.5250 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... valves in an open position and reducing mechanical dead space and resistance in the breathing circuit. (b...

21 CFR 868.5250 - Breathing circuit circulator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Breathing circuit circulator. 868.5250 Section 868.5250 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... valves in an open position and reducing mechanical dead space and resistance in the breathing circuit. (b...

JPRS Report, Near East & South Asia, Israel

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-11

practice, however, a but I never heard him; I have enough music here at the good number of ceremonies are held at the Western Western Wall." Wall...Israel on the volume Company, Daihatsu, Suzuki, Sony , Hitachi, and others. of their purchases from Israeli industry. Golan: "We are certain that, under...Kibbutz that arrived in the corresponding period last year. How- Yad Mordekhai, an entertainment center on the Dead ever, in recent months, the branch

Avian mortality events in the United States caused by anticholinesterase pesticides: A retrospective summary of National Wildlife Health Center records from 1980 to 2000

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fleischli, Margaret A.; Franson, J.C.; Thomas, N.J.; Finley, D.L.; Riley, Walter

2004-01-01

We reviewed the U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) mortality database from 1980 to 2000 to identify cases of poisoning caused by organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. From the 35,022 cases from which one or more avian carcasses were submitted to the NWHC for necropsy, we identified 335 mortality events attributed to anticholinesterase poisoning, 119 of which have been included in earlier reports. Poisoning events were classified as confirmed (n = 205) when supported by findings of ≥50% inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) activity in brain tissue and the detection of a specific pesticide in the gastrointestinal contents of one or more carcasses. Suspected poisonings (n = 130) were defined as cases where brain ChE activity was ≥50% inhibited or a specific pesticide was identified in gastrointestinal contents. The 335 avian mortality events occurred in 42 states. Washington, Virginia, and Ohio had the highest frequency of events, with 24 (7.2%), 21 (6.3%), and 20 (6.0%) events, respectively. A total of 8877 carcasses of 103 avian species in 12 orders was recovered. Because carcass counts underestimate total mortality, this represents the minimum actual mortality. Of 24 different pesticides identified, the most frequent were famphur (n = 59; 18%), carbofuran (n = 52; 15%), diazinon (n = 40; 12%), and fenthion (n = 17; 5.1%). Falconiformes were reported killed most frequently (49% of all die-offs) but Anseriformes were found dead in the greatest numbers (64% of 8877 found dead). The majority of birds reported killed by famphur were Passeriformes and Falconiformes, with the latter found dead in 90% of famphur-related poisoning events. Carbofuran and famphur were involved in mortality of the greatest variety of species (45 and 33, respectively). Most of the mortality events caused by diazinon involved waterfowl.

Protocolized fluid therapy in brain-dead donors: The multi-center randomized MOnIToR trial

PubMed Central

Al-Khafaji, Ali; Elder, Michele; Lebovitz, Daniel J; Murugan, Raghavan; Souter, Michael; Stuart, Susan; Wahed, Abdus S.; Keebler, Ben; Dils, Dorrie; Mitchell, Stephanie; Shutterly, Kurt; Wilkerson, Dawn; Pearse, Rupert; Kellum, John A

2015-01-01

BACKGROUND Critical shortages of organs for transplantation jeopardize many lives. Observational data suggest that better fluid management for deceased organ donors could increase organ recovery. We conducted the first large multi-center randomized trial in brain-dead donors to determine whether protocolized fluid therapy increases organs transplanted. METHODS We randomly assigned donors to either protocolized or usual care in eight organ procurement organizations. A “protocol-guided fluid therapy” algorithm targeting cardiac index, mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure variation was used. Our primary outcome was the number of organs transplanted per donor and our primary analysis was intention-to-treat. Secondary analyses included: 1) modified intention-to-treat where only subjects able to receive the intervention were included, and 2) twelve-month survival in transplant recipients. The study was stopped early. RESULTS We enrolled 556 donors; 279 protocolized care, 277 usual care. Groups had similar characteristics at baseline. The study protocol could be implemented in 76% of subjects randomized to the intervention. There was no significant difference in mean number of organs transplanted per donor: 3.39 organs per donor, (95%CI: 3.14-3.63) with protocolized care, compared to usual care 3.29 (95%CI: 3.04-3.54) (mean difference, 0.1, 95%CI: -0.25 to 0.45; p=0.56). In modified intention-to-treat analysis the mean number of organs increased (3.52 organs per donor, 95%CI: 3.23-3.8) but was not statistically significant (mean difference, 0.23, 95%CI: -0.15-0.61; p=0.23). Among the 1430 recipients of organs from study subjects, with data available, 56 deaths (7.8%) occurred in the protocolized care arm and 56 (7.9%) in the usual care arm in the first year (Hazard Ratio: 0.97, p=0.86). CONCLUSIONS In brain-dead organ donors, protocol-guided fluid therapy compared to usual care may not increase the number of organs transplanted per donor. PMID:25583616

Self-Interaction Chromatography of mAbs: Accurate Measurement of Dead Volumes.

PubMed

Hedberg, S H M; Heng, J Y Y; Williams, D R; Liddell, J M

2015-12-01

Measurement of the second virial coefficient B22 for proteins using self-interaction chromatography (SIC) is becoming an increasingly important technique for studying their solution behaviour. In common with all physicochemical chromatographic methods, measuring the dead volume of the SIC packed column is crucial for accurate retention data; this paper examines best practise for dead volume determination. SIC type experiments using catalase, BSA, lysozyme and a mAb as model systems are reported, as well as a number of dead column measurements. It was observed that lysozyme and mAb interacted specifically with Toyopearl AF-Formyl dead columns depending upon pH and [NaCl], invalidating their dead volume usage. Toyopearl AF-Amino packed dead columns showed no such problems and acted as suitable dead columns without any solution condition dependency. Dead volume determinations using dextran MW standards with protein immobilised SIC columns provided dead volume estimates close to those obtained using Toyopearl AF-Amino dead columns. It is concluded that specific interactions between proteins, including mAbs, and select SIC support phases can compromise the use of some standard approaches for estimating the dead volume of SIC columns. Two other methods were shown to provide good estimates for the dead volume.

Large-Area Visually Augmented Navigation for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-06-01

constrain position drift . Correction of errors in position and orientation are made each time the mosaic is updated, which occurs every Lth video frame. They...are the greatest strength of a VAN methodology. It is these measurements which help to correct dead-reckoned drift error and enforce recovery of a...systems. [INSTRUMENT [VARIABLE I INTENAL? I UPDATE RATE PRECISION FRANGE J DRIFT Acoustic Altimeter Z - Altitude yes varies: 0.1-10 Hz 0.01-1.0 m varies

49 CFR 236.55 - Dead section; maximum length.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Dead section; maximum length. 236.55 Section 236... Instructions: All Systems Track Circuits § 236.55 Dead section; maximum length. Where dead section exceeds 35... over such dead section is less than 35 feet, the maximum length of the dead section shall not exceed...

49 CFR 236.55 - Dead section; maximum length.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Dead section; maximum length. 236.55 Section 236... Instructions: All Systems Track Circuits § 236.55 Dead section; maximum length. Where dead section exceeds 35... over such dead section is less than 35 feet, the maximum length of the dead section shall not exceed...

9 CFR 82.12 - Other interstate movements and special permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... for the disposal of dead birds or dead poultry that are infected with Newcastle disease, or dead birds or dead poultry from flocks infected with Newcastle disease, or manure generated by or eggs from... following: (i) The address of the place where the dead birds, dead poultry, manure, or eggs are located; and...

49 CFR 236.55 - Dead section; maximum length.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Dead section; maximum length. 236.55 Section 236... Instructions: All Systems Track Circuits § 236.55 Dead section; maximum length. Where dead section exceeds 35... over such dead section is less than 35 feet, the maximum length of the dead section shall not exceed...

49 CFR 236.55 - Dead section; maximum length.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Dead section; maximum length. 236.55 Section 236... Instructions: All Systems Track Circuits § 236.55 Dead section; maximum length. Where dead section exceeds 35... over such dead section is less than 35 feet, the maximum length of the dead section shall not exceed...

49 CFR 236.55 - Dead section; maximum length.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Dead section; maximum length. 236.55 Section 236... Instructions: All Systems Track Circuits § 236.55 Dead section; maximum length. Where dead section exceeds 35... over such dead section is less than 35 feet, the maximum length of the dead section shall not exceed...

Influence of Forming Conditions on Springback in V-bending Process Using Servo Press

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abe, Shinya; Takahashi, Susumu

To improve fuel efficiency, aluminum alloys and high tensile steel sheets are increasingly being applied to automotive body parts. However, it is difficult to obtain accurate dimensions of formed parts. Therefore, technologies for reducing springback for the part formed by press are strongly demanded. It is said that the die holding time at the bottom dead center of a servo press slide can affect springback. To clarify the forming mechanisms of this phenomenon, a V bending test with a servo press was performed. Aluminum alloys sheets are applied as specimens. The location of press slide was measured by linear scales. It was found that the movement of the slide in a slide motion program differs from the actual movement of the slide. It is important to confirm if the slide is located in the position specified in the program. In addition, a springback angle measurement system is proposed that uses laser displacement measurement apparatus. Because it avoids human error, the proposed measurement system is more accurate than the image processing method.

Sudden unexpected death owing to unilateral medial medullary infarction with early involvement of the respiratory center.

PubMed

Hata, Yukiko; Yoshida, Koji; Kinoshita, Koshi; Nishida, Naoki

2014-05-01

A 64-year-old woman was found dead in her home. At autopsy, although relatively fresh bruises were found on her body, no lethal injury was observed in an internal observation. Mild edematous swelling of the right half of the medulla oblongata was observed. There was acute medial medullary infarction (MMI), which mainly involved the nucleus hypoglossi, medial lemniscus, hypoglossal root, inferior olivary nucleus, and pyramidal tract. Subacute infarction of the lower part of the cerebellum was also found, and severe atherosclerosis of the right vertebral artery containing thrombi was found as the culprit lesion. Immunohistochemistry using amyloid precursor protein (APP) was positive in neuronal tissue in the nucleus ambiguus, despite not showing coagulative necrosis in the nucleus. Therefore, acute ischemic necrosis of the nucleus ambiguus, which is considered to be a component of the dorsal respiratory group, may be a significant finding for her expected death. Immunohistochemistry of APP may be useful for confirming the precise extent of acute ischemia in brain stem infarction, such as unilateral MMI. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Patients' autonomy and doctors' duties according to the Andalusian bill of "dignified dead"].

PubMed

Díez Fernández, José Antonio

2010-01-01

The provisions of the andalusian Law on rights and guarantees of the dignity of persons in the process of death, also known as "act of dignified death", are based on two pillars: the right to the autonomy of the patient, supported, if it be, in a will expressed in instructions given in advance and the duties of doctors and health centers to give satisfaction, to the extent of their potential and respecting the law, those demands. the core of the question is to find the point of necessary balance between the wishes of the patient and the freedom and responsibility of the doctor. Together with positive aspects, such as the recognition of the right and the implementation of the palliative care, there are other questionable proposals, affecting the rights of doctors: a lack of understanding of freedom and professional responsibility, recognition of the objection of conscience and certain ethics duties, etc. As expressed by the law, remain committed substantial rights of doctors and might favor, in the care activity, introducing practices of defensive medicine.

9 CFR 82.12 - Other interstate movements and special permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... required for the disposal of dead birds or dead poultry that are infected with END, or dead birds or dead..., the special permit will also include the following: (i) The address of the place where the dead birds, dead poultry, manure, or eggs are located; and (ii) The number and type of birds, poultry, or other...

9 CFR 82.12 - Other interstate movements and special permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... required for the disposal of dead birds or dead poultry that are infected with END, or dead birds or dead..., the special permit will also include the following: (i) The address of the place where the dead birds, dead poultry, manure, or eggs are located; and (ii) The number and type of birds, poultry, or other...

9 CFR 82.12 - Other interstate movements and special permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... required for the disposal of dead birds or dead poultry that are infected with END, or dead birds or dead..., the special permit will also include the following: (i) The address of the place where the dead birds, dead poultry, manure, or eggs are located; and (ii) The number and type of birds, poultry, or other...

9 CFR 82.12 - Other interstate movements and special permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... required for the disposal of dead birds or dead poultry that are infected with END, or dead birds or dead..., the special permit will also include the following: (i) The address of the place where the dead birds, dead poultry, manure, or eggs are located; and (ii) The number and type of birds, poultry, or other...

Influence of adhesion to activated carbon particles on the viability of waterborne pathogenic bacteria under flow.

PubMed

van der Mei, Henny C; Atema-Smit, Jelly; Jager, Debbie; Langworthy, Don E; Collias, Dimitris I; Mitchell, Michael D; Busscher, Henk J

2008-07-01

In rural areas around the world, people often rely on water filtration plants using activated carbon particles for safe water supply. Depending on the carbon surface, adhering microorganisms die or grow to form a biofilm. Assays to assess the efficacy of activated carbons in bacterial removal do not allow direct observation of bacterial adhesion and the determination of viability. Here we propose to use a parallel plate flow chamber with carbon particles attached to the bottom plate to study bacterial adhesion to individual carbon particles and determine the viability of adhering bacteria. Observation and enumeration is done after live/dead staining in a confocal laser scanning microscope. Escherichiae coli adhered in higher numbers than Raoultella terrigena, except to a coconut-based carbon, which showed low bacterial adhesion compared to other wood-based carbon types. After adhesion, 83-96% of the bacteria adhering to an acidic carbon were dead, while on a basic carbon 54-56% were dead. A positively charged, basic carbon yielded 76-78% bacteria dead, while on a negatively charged coconut-based carbon only 32-37% were killed upon adhesion. The possibility to determine both adhesion as well as the viability of adhering bacteria upon adhesion to carbon particles is most relevant, because if bacteria adhere but remain viable, this still puts the water treatment system at risk, as live bacteria can grow and form a biofilm that can then be shedded to cause contamination. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Avian botulism type E in waterbirds of Lake Michigan, 2010–2013

USGS Publications Warehouse

Chipault, Jennifer G.; White, C. LeAnn; Blehert, David S.; Jennings, Susan K.; Strom, Sean M.

2015-01-01

During 2010 to 2013, waterbird mortality surveillance programs used a shared protocol for shoreline walking surveys performed June to November at three areas in northern Lake Michigan. In 2010 and 2012, 1244 total carcasses (0.8 dead bird/km walked) and 2399 total carcasses (1.2 dead birds/km walked), respectively, were detected. Fewer carcasses were detected in 2011 (353 total carcasses, 0.2 dead bird/km walked) and 2013 (451 total carcasses, 0.3 dead bird/km walked). During 3 years, peak detection of carcasses occurred in October and involved primarily migratory diving and fish-eating birds, including long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis; 2010), common loons (Gavia immer; 2012), and red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator; 2013). In 2011, peak detection of carcasses occurred in August and consisted primarily of summer residents such as gulls (Larus spp.) and double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). A subset of fresh carcasses was collected throughout each year of the study and tested for botulinum neurotoxin type E (BoNT/E). Sixty-one percent of carcasses (57/94) and 10 of 11 species collected throughout the sampling season tested positive for BoNT/E, suggesting avian botulism type E was a major cause of death for both resident and migratory birds in Lake Michigan. The variety of avian species affected by botulism type E throughout the summer and fall during all 4 years of coordinated surveillance also suggests multiple routes for bird exposure to BoNT/E in Lake Michigan.

Detection of sinkhole precursors along the Dead Sea, Israel by SAR interferometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nof, Ran; Baer, Gidon; Ziv, Alon; Eyal, Yehuda; Raz, Eli; Atzori, Simone; Salvi, Stefano

2013-04-01

The water level of the Dead Sea (Israel and Jordan) has been dropping at an increasing rate since the 1960s, exceeding a meter per year during the last decade. This water-level drop has triggered the formation of sinkholes and widespread land subsidence along the Dead Sea shorelines, resulting in severe economic loss and infrastructural damage. In this study, sinkhole-related precursory subsidence and the effects of human activities on sinkhole development are examined through Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements and field surveys conducted in Israel during the year 2012. Interferograms were generated using the COSMO-SkyMed satellite images and a high-resolution (0.5 m/pixel) elevation model that was obtained from airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). Thanks to this unique integration of high-resolution datasets, mm-scale subsidence may be resolved in both undisturbed and human-disturbed environments. A few months long precursory subsidence occurred in all three sinkhole sites reported in this study. The centers of the subsiding areas and successive sinkholes in a specific site show lateral migration, possibly due to progressive dissolution and widening of the underlying cavities. Certain human activities, such as filling of newly formed sinkholes by gravel, or mud injections into nearby drill holes, seem to enhance land subsidence, widen existing sinkholes or even generate new sinkholes.

Gap expansion in old-growth subarctic forests: the climate-pathogen connection.

PubMed

Vézeau, Corinne; Payette, Serge

2016-12-01

We tested the hypothesis considering old-growth subarctic woodlands, free of fire, insect and stand-scale blowdown disturbances, to be at equilibrium with the climate. To do so, we explored the status of Hudsonian woodlands based on the natality/mortality ratio. The gap history of the woodland was reconstructed based on mapping and dating of dead gap-spruces (Picea mariana). Among the 25 gaps studied, 763 dead trees and only 14 saplings were recorded. The center of some gaps remained treeless over the last 1000 yr, and gap area doubled over the last 100 yr. The status of the tree population is in a demographic disequilibrium caused by the small replacement of dead spruces in all of the gaps. Episodes of 'mass' mortality occurred during several decades corresponding to years of favorable tree-ring growth. The natural process of gap-filling appears to be ineffective under current conditions. Good tree-ring growth of dying trees suggests abundant precipitation during the mortality episodes, but precipitation appears to be involved indirectly in the mortality process. The main cause of the widespread tree mortality during the last centuries of gap expansion appears to be biotic in origin. The impact of pathogenic fungal disease linked to late-lying snow cover is proposed for the mortality events. © 2016 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2016 New Phytologist Trust.

Comparison of three different orthodontic wires for bonded lingual retainer fabrication

PubMed Central

Uysal, Tancan; Gul, Nisa; Alan, Melike Busra; Ramoglu, Sabri Ilhan

2012-01-01

Objective We evaluated the detachment force, amount of deformation, fracture mode, and pull-out force of 3 different wires used for bonded lingual retainer fabrication. Methods We tested 0.0215-inch five-stranded wire (PentaOne, Masel; group I), 0.016 × 0.022-inch dead-soft eight-braided wire (Bond-A-Braid, Reliance; group II), and 0.0195-inch dead-soft coaxial wire (Respond, Ormco; group III). To test detachment force, deformation, and fracture mode, we embedded 94 lower incisor teeth in acrylic blocks in pairs. Retainer wires were bonded to the teeth and vertically directed force was applied to the wire. To test pull-out force, wires were embedded in composite that was placed in a hole at the center of an acrylic block. Tensile force was applied along the long axis of the wire. Results Detachment force and mode of fracture were not different between groups. Deformation was significantly higher in groups II and III than in group I (p < 0.001). Mean pull-out force was significantly higher for group I compared to groups II and III (p < 0.001). Conclusions Detachment force and fracture mode were similar for all wires, but greater deformations were seen in dead-soft wires. Wire pull-out force was significantly higher for five-stranded coaxial wire than for the other wires tested. Five-stranded coaxial wires are suggested for use in bonded lingual retainers. PMID:23112930

SlDEAD31, a Putative DEAD-Box RNA Helicase Gene, Regulates Salt and Drought Tolerance and Stress-Related Genes in Tomato.

PubMed

Zhu, Mingku; Chen, Guoping; Dong, Tingting; Wang, Lingling; Zhang, Jianling; Zhao, Zhiping; Hu, Zongli

2015-01-01

The DEAD-box RNA helicases are involved in almost every aspect of RNA metabolism, associated with diverse cellular functions including plant growth and development, and their importance in response to biotic and abiotic stresses is only beginning to emerge. However, none of DEAD-box genes was well characterized in tomato so far. In this study, we reported on the identification and characterization of two putative DEAD-box RNA helicase genes, SlDEAD30 and SlDEAD31 from tomato, which were classified into stress-related DEAD-box proteins by phylogenetic analysis. Expression analysis indicated that SlDEAD30 was highly expressed in roots and mature leaves, while SlDEAD31 was constantly expressed in various tissues. Furthermore, the expression of both genes was induced mainly in roots under NaCl stress, and SlDEAD31 mRNA was also increased by heat, cold, and dehydration. In stress assays, transgenic tomato plants overexpressing SlDEAD31 exhibited dramatically enhanced salt tolerance and slightly improved drought resistance, which were simultaneously demonstrated by significantly enhanced expression of multiple biotic and abiotic stress-related genes, higher survival rate, relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll content, and lower water loss rate and malondialdehyde (MDA) production compared to wild-type plants. Collectively, these results provide a preliminary characterization of SlDEAD30 and SlDEAD31 genes in tomato, and suggest that stress-responsive SlDEAD31 is essential for salt and drought tolerance and stress-related gene regulation in plants.

Rates and cycles of microbial sulfate reduction in the hyper-saline Dead Sea over the last 200 kyrs from sedimentary d34S and d18O(SO4)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Torfstein, Adi; Turchyn, Alexandra V.

2017-08-01

We report the d34S and d18O(SO4) values measured in gypsum, pyrite, and elemental sulfur through a 456-m thick sediment core from the center of the Dead Sea, representing the last 200 kyrs, as well as from the exposed glacial outcrops of the Masada M1 section located on the margins of the modern Dead Sea. The results are used to explore and quantify the evolution of sulfur microbial metabolism in the Dead Sea and to reconstruct the lake’s water column configuration during the late Quaternary. Layers and laminae of primary gypsum, the main sulfur-bearing mineral in the sedimentary column, display the highest d34S and d18O(SO4) in the range of 13-28‰ and 13-30‰, respectively. Within this group, gypsum layers deposited during interglacials have lower d34S and d18O(SO4) relative to those associated with glacial or deglacial stages. The reduced sulfur phases, including chromium reducible sulfur, and secondary gypsum crystals are characterized by extremely low d34S in the range of -27 to +7‰. The d18O(SO4) of the secondary gypsum in the M1 outcrop ranges from 8 to 14‰. The relationship between d34S and d18O(SO4) of primary gypsum suggests that the rate of microbial sulfate reduction was lower during glacial relative to interglacial times. This suggests that the freshening of the lake during glacial wet intervals, and the subsequent rise in sulfate concentrations, slowed the rate of microbial metabolism. Alternatively, this could imply that sulfate-driven anaerobic methane oxidation, the dominant sulfur microbial metabolism today, is a feature of the hypersalinity in the modern Dead Sea. Sedimentary sulfides are quantitatively oxidized during epigenetic exposure, retaining the lower d34S signature; the d18O(SO4) of this secondary gypsum is controlled by oxygen atoms derived equally from atmospheric oxygen and from water, which is likely a unique feature in this hyperarid environment.

Radio Interoperability: Addressing the Real Reasons We Don’t Communicate Well During Emergencies

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-01

remoteness or traffic load on the network , and dead batteries. Public safety first responders experience many of the same things as they use their radio...provider may hold thousands of frequency licenses nationwide, but deploys only a handful at each tower site . The limitation of the phone network to handle...support players off- site (still responding , or at alternate locations, such as Emergency Operations Centers). 9. Listening to recordings after an

GROWTH OF THE MARSH ELDER IVA FRUTESCENS IN RELATION TO DURATION OF TIDAL FLOODING

EPA Science Inventory

Iva frutescens is a common shrub at the upland fringe of salt marshes throughout the East and Gulf coasts of North America. Its position and relative size are governed largely by the degree of flooding by seawater. Cross sections of older stems (living and standing dead) from sa...

Evolution of saproxylic and mycophagous coleoptera in New Zeland

Treesearch

Rochard A.B. Leschen

2006-01-01

Beetles are an old holometabolous group dating back to the early Permian and associated with sediments containing conifers, ginkgos, and cycads. To determine the antiquity of dead wood beetles the evolution of gondwanan saproxylic and mycophagous beetles was examined in the context of available phylogenies that include New Zealand taxa. Phylogenetic position and branch...

14 CFR 25.533 - Hull and main float bottom pressures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure Water Loads § 25.533 Hull and main... figure 2 of appendix B; V S 1=seaplane stalling speed (Knots) at the design water takeoff weight with... design water takeoff weight with flaps extended in the appropriate takeoff position; and β=angle of dead...

14 CFR 25.533 - Hull and main float bottom pressures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure Water Loads § 25.533 Hull and main... figure 2 of appendix B; V S 1=seaplane stalling speed (Knots) at the design water takeoff weight with... design water takeoff weight with flaps extended in the appropriate takeoff position; and β=angle of dead...

16 CFR § 1505.6 - Performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... waveform of the test voltage shall approximate a sine wave as closely as possible. (iii) The applied test... stalled-rotor current of the toy at maximum rated voltage. There shall be no electrical or mechanical... voltage with the rotor of the motor locked into position. During the test, exposed dead metal parts of the...

Sorrow and Solace: Neglected Areas in Bereavement Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klass, Dennis

2013-01-01

The author argues that in its focus on finding positive outcomes, bereavement research has neglected or denigrated central phenomena in intense and long-term grief: sorrow and solace. Sorrow has two elements: yearning for the dead person and grief's depression. Consolation comes into sorrow in human relationships and from inner resources. The…

29 CFR 1915.71 - Scaffolds or staging.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... large, loose or dead knots. It shall also be free from dry rot, large checks, worm holes or other... welding, burning, riveting or open flame work shall be performed on any staging suspended by means of... sections of extension trestle ladders shall be so spread that when in an open position the spread of the...

29 CFR 1915.71 - Scaffolds or staging.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... large, loose or dead knots. It shall also be free from dry rot, large checks, worm holes or other... welding, burning, riveting or open flame work shall be performed on any staging suspended by means of... sections of extension trestle ladders shall be so spread that when in an open position the spread of the...

29 CFR 1915.71 - Scaffolds or staging.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... large, loose or dead knots. It shall also be free from dry rot, large checks, worm holes or other... welding, burning, riveting or open flame work shall be performed on any staging suspended by means of... sections of extension trestle ladders shall be so spread that when in an open position the spread of the...

29 CFR 1915.71 - Scaffolds or staging.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... large, loose or dead knots. It shall also be free from dry rot, large checks, worm holes or other... welding, burning, riveting or open flame work shall be performed on any staging suspended by means of... sections of extension trestle ladders shall be so spread that when in an open position the spread of the...

Characteristics of pigeon paramyxovirus serotype-1 isolates (PPMV-1) from the Russian Federation from 2001 to 2009

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Monitoring programs for highly dangerous avian diseases in the Russian Federation, from 2001 to 2009, detected 77 samples PCR-positive for avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 (APMV-1) isolates from sick or dead feral and domestic pigeons. Nucleotide sequences of the fusion (F) gene, including a nucleoti...

14 CFR 29.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...: Dihedral angle (light included) Angle from right or left of longitudinal axis, measured from dead ahead Intensity (candles) L and R (forward red and green) 0° to 10°10° to 20° 20° to 110° 4030 5 A (rear white...

14 CFR 23.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of position lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...: Dihedral angle (light included) Angle from right or left of longitudinal axis, measured from dead ahead Intensity (candles) L and R (red and green) 0° to 10°10° to 20° 20° to 110° 4030 5 A (rear white) 110° to...

14 CFR 29.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...: Dihedral angle (light included) Angle from right or left of longitudinal axis, measured from dead ahead Intensity (candles) L and R (forward red and green) 0° to 10°10° to 20° 20° to 110° 4030 5 A (rear white...

14 CFR 27.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...: Dihedral angle (light included) Angle from right or left of longitudinal axis, measured from dead ahead Intensity (candles) L and R (forward red and green) 10° to 10°10° to 20° 20° to 110° 4030 5 A (rear white...

14 CFR 25.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...: Dihedral angle (light included) Angle from right or left of longitudinal axis, measured from dead ahead Intensity (candles) L and R (forward red and green) 0° to 10°10° to 20° 20° to 110° 4030 5 A (rear white...

14 CFR 23.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of position lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...: Dihedral angle (light included) Angle from right or left of longitudinal axis, measured from dead ahead Intensity (candles) L and R (red and green) 0° to 10°10° to 20° 20° to 110° 4030 5 A (rear white) 110° to...

14 CFR 25.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...: Dihedral angle (light included) Angle from right or left of longitudinal axis, measured from dead ahead Intensity (candles) L and R (forward red and green) 0° to 10° 10° to 20° 20° to 110° 40 30 5 A (rear white...

14 CFR 29.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...: Dihedral angle (light included) Angle from right or left of longitudinal axis, measured from dead ahead Intensity (candles) L and R (forward red and green) 0° to 10°10° to 20° 20° to 110° 4030 5 A (rear white...

14 CFR 27.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...: Dihedral angle (light included) Angle from right or left of longitudinal axis, measured from dead ahead Intensity (candles) L and R (forward red and green) 10° to 10°10° to 20° 20° to 110° 4030 5 A (rear white...

14 CFR 25.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...: Dihedral angle (light included) Angle from right or left of longitudinal axis, measured from dead ahead Intensity (candles) L and R (forward red and green) 0° to 10°10° to 20° 20° to 110° 4030 5 A (rear white...

14 CFR 27.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...: Dihedral angle (light included) Angle from right or left of longitudinal axis, measured from dead ahead Intensity (candles) L and R (forward red and green) 10° to 10°10° to 20° 20° to 110° 4030 5 A (rear white...

14 CFR 23.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of position lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...: Dihedral angle (light included) Angle from right or left of longitudinal axis, measured from dead ahead Intensity (candles) L and R (red and green) 0° to 10°10° to 20° 20° to 110° 4030 5 A (rear white) 110° to...

14 CFR 27.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...: Dihedral angle (light included) Angle from right or left of longitudinal axis, measured from dead ahead Intensity (candles) L and R (forward red and green) 10° to 10°10° to 20° 20° to 110° 4030 5 A (rear white...

14 CFR 25.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...: Dihedral angle (light included) Angle from right or left of longitudinal axis, measured from dead ahead Intensity (candles) L and R (forward red and green) 0° to 10° 10° to 20° 20° to 110° 40 30 5 A (rear white...

14 CFR 29.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...: Dihedral angle (light included) Angle from right or left of longitudinal axis, measured from dead ahead Intensity (candles) L and R (forward red and green) 0° to 10°10° to 20° 20° to 110° 4030 5 A (rear white...

14 CFR 23.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of position lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...: Dihedral angle (light included) Angle from right or left of longitudinal axis, measured from dead ahead Intensity (candles) L and R (red and green) 0° to 10°10° to 20° 20° to 110° 4030 5 A (rear white) 110° to...

Localized treatments using commercial dust and liquid formulations of fipronil against Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in the laboratory.

PubMed

Gautam, Bal K; Henderson, Gregg; Wang, Cai

2014-04-01

Use of proper application methods and formulations of termiticides are important to reduce their negative impact to the environment. In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments to determine the effect of localized treatments with commercial dust and liquid formulations of fipronil against Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. The test arena consisted of a specially designed 16-chambered structure with a center chamber connected to 5 foraging chambers that themselves were connected to 10 additional foraging chambers. One peripheral chamber received a liquid or dust treatment and termites were released in the center chamber. Results showed that >91% of the termites were dead within the 9-d test period despite the localized treatment of only 1 foraging chamber. Termites that were still alive after 9 d were transferred to an untreated dish and held for 10 more days. The majority of those termites were dead and the rest were moribund on day 19. Regardless of the specific dish treated, both formulations of fipronil were found to be highly efficacious. Termites did not exhibit repellency to either formulation. Our results suggest that localized (or spot) treatment with either commercially available dust or liquid formulations of fipronil can be a viable option for control of a termite infestation where complete soil drenching is not desirable. © 2013 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Ventilatory inhomogeneity determined from multiple-breath washouts during sustained microgravity on Spacelab SLS-1.

PubMed

Prisk, G K; Guy, H J; Elliott, A R; Paiva, M; West, J B

1995-02-01

We used multiple-breath N2 washouts (MBNW) to study the inhomogeneity of ventilation in four normal humans (mean age 42.5 yr) before, during, and after 9 days of exposure to microgravity on Spacelab Life Sciences-1. Subjects performed 20-breath MBNW at tidal volumes of approximately 700 ml and 12-breath MBNW at tidal volumes of approximately 1,250 ml. Six indexes of ventilatory inhomogeneity were derived from data from 1) distribution of specific ventilation (SV) from mixed-expired and 2) end-tidal N2, 3) change of slope of N2 washout (semilog plot) with time, 4) change of slope of normalized phase III of successive breaths, 5) anatomic dead space, and 6) Bohr dead space. Significant ventilatory inhomogeneity was seen in the standing position at normal gravity (1 G). When we compared standing 1 G with microgravity, the distributions of SV became slightly narrower, but the difference was not significant. Also, there were no significant changes in the change of slope of the N2 washout, change of normalized phase III slopes, or the anatomic and Bohr dead spaces. By contrast, transition from the standing to supine position in 1 G resulted in significantly broader distributions of SV (P < 0.05) and significantly greater changes in the changes in slope of the N2 washouts (P < 0.001), indicating more ventilatory inhomogeneity in that posture. Thus these techniques can detect relatively small changes in ventilatory inhomogeneity. We conclude that the primary determinants of ventilatory inhomogeneity during tidal breathing in the upright posture are not gravitational in origin.

Bite injuries of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) on harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena).

PubMed

Jauniaux, Thierry; Garigliany, Mutien-Marie; Loos, Pauline; Bourgain, Jean-Luc; Bouveroux, Thibaut; Coignoul, Freddy; Haelters, Jan; Karpouzopoulos, Jacky; Pezeril, Sylvain; Desmecht, Daniel

2014-01-01

Bite-like skin lesions on harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) have been suspected to be caused by grey seals (Halichoerus grypus), and a few field observations have been reported. Bite-like skin lesions observed on stranded animals were characterized by two main components: large flaps of loose or missing skin and blubber with frayed edges and puncture lesions. Definitive demonstration of predation by a grey seal was not reported so far in those stranded animals. In this study, five stranded porpoises with bite-like skin lesions were swabbed for genetic investigations. In addition, the head of a recently dead grey seal was used to mimic bite-like skin injuries on a porpoise carcass. Subsequently, the artificial skin injuries were swabbed, along with the gum of the seal used for inflicting them (positive controls). Total DNA was extracted from the swabs and was used to retrieve a fragment of mitochondrial DNA by PCR. Primers were designed to amplify a specific stretch of mitochondrial DNA known to differ between grey seals and porpoises. The amplicon targeted was successfully amplified from the positive control and from two of the stranded porpoises, and grey seal-specific mitochondrial DNA was retrieved from all those samples. We conclude that (1) it is possible to detect grey seal DNA from dead porpoises even after several days in seawater and (2) bite-like skin lesions found on dead porpoises definitively result from grey seals attacks. The attacks are most likely linked with predation although, in a number of cases, scavenging and aggressive behaviour cannot be excluded.

Ventilatory inhomogeneity determined from multiple-breath washouts during sustained microgravity on Spacelab SLS-1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prisk, G. Kim; Guy, Harold J. B.; Elliott, Ann R.; Paiva, Manuel; West, John B.

1995-01-01

We used multiple-breath N2 washouts (MBNW) to study the homogeneity of ventilation in four normal humans (mean age 42.5 yr) before, during, and after 9 days of exposure to microgravity on Spacelab Life Sciences-1. Subjects performed 20-breath MBNW at tidal volumes of approximately 700 ml and 12-breath MBNW at tidal volumes of approximately 1,250 ml. Six indexes of ventilatory inhomogeneity were derived from data from (1) distribution of specific ventilation (SV) from mixed-expired and (2) end-tidal N2, (3) change of slope of N2 washout (semilog plot) with time, (4) change of slope of normalized phase III of successive breaths, (5) anatomic lead dead space, and (6) Bohr dead space. Significant ventilatory inhomogeneity was seen in the standing position at normal gravity (1 G). When we compared standing 1 G with microgravity, the distributions of SV became slightly narrower, but the difference was not significant. Also, there were no significant changes in the change of slope of the N2 washout, change of normalized phase III slopes, or the anatomic and Bohr dead spaces. By contrast, transition from the standing to supine position in 1 G resulted in significantly broader distributions of SV and significantly greater changes in the changes in slope of the N2 washouts, indicating more ventilatory inhomogeneity in that posture. Thus these techniques can detect relatively small changes in ventilatory inhomogeneity. We conclude that the primary determinants of ventilatory inhomogeneity during tidal breathing in the upright posture are not gravitational in origin.

Scientific evidence of the therapeutic effects of dead sea treatments: a systematic review.

PubMed

Katz, Uriel; Shoenfeld, Yehuda; Zakin, Varda; Sherer, Yaniv; Sukenik, Shaul

2012-10-01

The Dead Sea, the deepest and most saline lake on earth, has been known from biblical times for its healing properties. The aim of this systematic review was to present critically the level of evidence for the claims of therapeutic effects of Dead Sea treatments in several rheumatologic diseases and psoriasis as well as to review these treatments' safety. All articles cited in MEDLINE under the query, "Dead Sea," were reviewed. We found bona fide evidence that Dead Sea treatments are especially effective in psoriasis due to both the special characteristics of solar ultraviolet radiation in the Dead Sea and the Dead Sea water balneotherapy. Dead Sea mud and Dead Sea balneotherapy have been found to be beneficial in rheumatologic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and knee osteoarthritis. In the safety analysis, we found no evidence for an increase in skin neoplasia, although skin actinic damage seems to be increased in patients treated in the Dead Sea. Dead Sea treatments do not lead to worsening of blood pressure. Substantial ingestion of Dead Sea water (generally in unusual near-drowning cases) is toxic and can result in cardiac rhythm disturbances because of electrolyte concentration abnormalities. Laboratory analysis of Dead Sea mud did not reveal mineral concentrations that could represent a health concern for their intended use. Dead Sea treatments are beneficial in several rheumatologic diseases and psoriasis and have a good safety profile. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Bacillus marismortui sp. nov., a new moderately halophilic species from the Dead Sea.

PubMed

Arahal, D R; Márquez, M C; Volcani, B E; Schleifer, K H; Ventosa, A

1999-04-01

A group of 91 moderately halophilic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped strains were isolated from enrichments prepared from Dead Sea water samples collected 57 years ago. These strains were examined for 117 morphological, physiological, biochemical, nutritional and antibiotic susceptibility characteristics. All strains formed endospores and were motile, strictly aerobic and positive for catalase and oxidase. They grew in media containing 5-25% (w/v) total salts, showing optimal growth at 10% (w/v). Eighteen strains were chosen as representative isolates and were studied in more detail. All these strains had mesodiaminopimelic acid in the cell wall and a DNA G + C content of 39.0-42.8 mol%; they constitute a group with levels of DNA-DNA similarity of 70-100%. The sequences of the 16S rRNA genes of three representative strains (strains 123T, 557 and 832) were almost identical (99.9%), and placed the strains in the low G + C content Gram-positive bacteria. On the basis of their features, these isolates should be regarded as members of a new species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus marismortui sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain 123T (= DSM 12325T = ATCC 700626T = CIP 105609T = CECT 5066T).

9 CFR 82.6 - Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area. 82.6 Section 82.6 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT... (END) § 82.6 Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area. (a) Except as...

9 CFR 82.6 - Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area. 82.6 Section 82.6 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT... movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of...

9 CFR 82.6 - Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area. 82.6 Section 82.6 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT... (END) § 82.6 Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area. (a) Except as...

When the third is dead: memory, mourning, and witnessing in the aftermath of the holocaust.

PubMed

Gerson, Samuel

2009-12-01

The origins of psychoanalysis, as well as the concerns of our daily endeavors, center on engagement with the fate of the unbearable - be it wish, affect, or experience. In this paper, I explore psychological states and dynamics faced by survivors of genocide and their children in their struggle to sustain life in the midst of unremitting deadliness. Toward this continuous effort, I re-examine Freud's theoretical formulations concerning memory and mourning, elaborate André Green's concept of the 'Dead Mother', and introduce more recent work on the concepts of the 'third' and 'thirdness'. Throughout, my thoughts are informed by our clinical experience with the essential role of witnessing in sustaining life after massive trauma. I bring aspects of all these forms of knowing to reflections about a poem by Primo Levi entitled Unfinished business and to our own never finished business of avoiding denial while living in an age of genocide and under the aura of uncontained destructiveness.

Deadly AIDS policy failure by the highest levels of the US government: a personal look back 30 years later for lessons to respond better to future epidemics.

PubMed

Francis, Donald P

2012-08-01

Successful control of any dangerous epidemic requires: (i) early understanding of the epidemiology of the disease and (ii) rapid applications of preventive interventions. Through the lack of both policy and financial support, the United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) was severely handicapped during the early years of the AIDS epidemic. Senior staff of the Reagan Administration did not understand the essential role of Government in disease prevention. Although CDC clearly documented the dangers of HIV and AIDS early in the epidemic, refusal by the White House to deliver prevention programs then certainly allowed HIV to become more widely seeded. As much of the international health community relies on CDC for up-to-date prevention advice, these actions by the White House surely increased the spread of HIV around the world. To respond better to future epidemics, we need to understand the deadly forces that inhibited CDC at that time.

Inferential modeling and predictive feedback control in real-time motion compensation using the treatment couch during radiotherapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qiu, Peng; D'Souza, Warren D.; McAvoy, Thomas J.; Liu, K. J. Ray

2007-09-01

Tumor motion induced by respiration presents a challenge to the reliable delivery of conformal radiation treatments. Real-time motion compensation represents the technologically most challenging clinical solution but has the potential to overcome the limitations of existing methods. The performance of a real-time couch-based motion compensation system is mainly dependent on two aspects: the ability to infer the internal anatomical position and the performance of the feedback control system. In this paper, we propose two novel methods for the two aspects respectively, and then combine the proposed methods into one system. To accurately estimate the internal tumor position, we present partial-least squares (PLS) regression to predict the position of the diaphragm using skin-based motion surrogates. Four radio-opaque markers were placed on the abdomen of patients who underwent fluoroscopic imaging of the diaphragm. The coordinates of the markers served as input variables and the position of the diaphragm served as the output variable. PLS resulted in lower prediction errors compared with standard multiple linear regression (MLR). The performance of the feedback control system depends on the system dynamics and dead time (delay between the initiation and execution of the control action). While the dynamics of the system can be inverted in a feedback control system, the dead time cannot be inverted. To overcome the dead time of the system, we propose a predictive feedback control system by incorporating forward prediction using least-mean-square (LMS) and recursive least square (RLS) filtering into the couch-based control system. Motion data were obtained using a skin-based marker. The proposed predictive feedback control system was benchmarked against pure feedback control (no forward prediction) and resulted in a significant performance gain. Finally, we combined the PLS inference model and the predictive feedback control to evaluate the overall performance of the feedback control system. Our results show that, with the tumor motion unknown but inferred by skin-based markers through the PLS model, the predictive feedback control system was able to effectively compensate intra-fraction motion.

Clostridium perfringens type A fatal acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in a dog.

PubMed

Schlegel, Ben J; Van Dreumel, Tony; Slavić, Durda; Prescott, John F

2012-05-01

The morning after participating in a dog show, a 2-year-old Pomeranian dog was found dead in a pool of bloody feces. Necropsy revealed hemorrhagic gastroenteritis of the entire gastrointestinal tract, with many Gram-positive bacilli on the surface and in the lumen and crypts of the intestine. Enterotoxin-positive type A Clostridium perfringens were isolated in large numbers. This dramatic case of fatal C. perfringens gastroenteritis highlights the need to better understand the role of this bacterium in enteric disease of dogs.

Proceedings of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests

Treesearch

William F. Laudenslayer; Patrick J. Shea; Bradley E. Valentine; C. Phillip Weatherspoon; Thomas E. Lisle

2002-01-01

Dead trees, both snags (standing dead trees) and logs (downed dead trees), are critical elements of healthy and productive forests. The “Symposium on the Ecology and Management of Dead Wood in Western Forests” was convened to bring together forest researchers and managers to share the current state of knowledge relative to the values and interactions of dead wood to...

Organ procurement after cardiocirculatory death: a critical analysis.

PubMed

Rady, Mohamed Y; Verheijde, Joseph L; McGregor, Joan

2008-01-01

To shorten the transplantation waiting time in the United States, federal regulations have been introduced requiring hospitals to develop policies for organ donation after cardiac (or circulatory) death (DCD). The practice of DCD is invoked based on the validity of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) protocol and relies on the accuracy of the University of Wisconsin (UW) evaluation tool to appropriately identify organ donors. There is little evidence to support the position that the criteria for organ procurement adopted from the UPMC protocol complies with the dead donor rule. A high false-positive rate of the UW evaluation tool can expose many dying patients to unnecessary perimortem interventions because of donation failure. The medications and/or interventions for the sole purpose of maintaining organ viability can have unintended negative consequences on the timing and quality of end-of-life care offered to organ donors. It is essential to address and manage the evolving conflict between optimal end-of-life care and the necessary sacrifices for the procurement of transplantable organs from the terminally ill. The recipients of marginal organs recovered from DCD can also suffer higher mortality and morbidity than recipients of other types of donated organs. Finally, transparent disclosure to the public of the risks involved to both organ donors and recipients may contribute to open societal debate on the ethical acceptability of DCD.

Benefit from NASA

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-02-01

AiroCide Ti02, an anthrax-killing air scrubber manufactured by KES Science and Technology Inc., in Kernesaw, Georgia, looks like a square metal box when it is installed on an office wall. Its fans draw in airborne spores and airflow forces them through a maze of tubes. Inside, hydroxyl radicals (OH-) attack and kill pathogens. Most remaining spores are destroyed by high-energy ultraviolet photons. Building miniature greenhouses for experiments on the International Space Station (ISS) has led to the invention of this device that annihilates anthrax-a bacteria that can be deadly when inhaled. The research enabling the invention started at the University of Wisconsin (Madison) Center for Space Automation and Robotics (WCSAR), one of 17 NASA Commercial Space Centers. A special coating technology used in the anthrax-killing invention is also being used inside WCSAR-built plant growth units on the ISS. This commercial research is managed by the Space Product Development Program at the Marshall Space Flight Center.

Launch - Apollo XIV - Lunar Landing Mission - KSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1971-01-31

S71-18398 (31 Jan. 1971) --- The huge, 363-feet tall Apollo 14 (Spacecraft 110/Lunar Module 8/Saturn 509) space vehicle is launched from Pad A, Launch Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida at 4:03:02 p.m. (EST), Jan. 31, 1971, on a lunar landing mission. This view is framed by moss-covered dead trees in the dark foreground. Aboard the Apollo 14 spacecraft were astronauts Alan B. Shepard Jr., commander; Stuart A. Roosa, command module pilot; and Edgar D. Mitchell, lunar module pilot.

Low emission internal combustion engine

DOEpatents

Karaba, Albert M.

1979-01-01

A low emission, internal combustion compression ignition engine having a cylinder, a piston movable in the cylinder and a pre-combustion chamber communicating with the cylinder near the top thereof and in which low emissions of NO.sub.x are achieved by constructing the pre-combustion chamber to have a volume of between 70% and 85% of the combined pre-chamber and main combustion chamber volume when the piston is at top dead center and by variably controlling the initiation of fuel injection into the pre-combustion chamber.

Extending operating range of a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine via cylinder deactivation

DOEpatents

Hergart, Carl-Anders [Peoria, IL; Hardy, William L [Peoria, IL; Duffy, Kevin P [Metamora, IL; Liechty, Michael P [Chillicothe, IL

2008-05-27

An HCCI engine has the ability to operate over a large load range by utilizing a lower cetane distillate diesel fuel to increase ignition delay. This permits more stable operation at high loads by avoidance of premature combustion before top dead center. During low load conditions, a portion of the engines cylinders are deactivated so that the remaining cylinders can operate at a pseudo higher load while the overall engine exhibits behavior typical of a relatively low load.

MMC M509 Temperature Test

NASA Image and Video Library

1971-03-10

S71-18399 (31 Jan. 1971) --- The huge, 363-feet tall Apollo 14 (Spacecraft 110/Lunar Module 8/Saturn 509) space vehicle is launched from Pad A, Launch Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida at 4:03:02 p.m. (EST), Jan. 31, 1971, on a lunar landing mission. This view is framed by moss-covered dead trees in the dark foreground. Aboard the Apollo 14 spacecraft were astronauts Alan B. Shepard Jr., commander; Stuart A. Roosa, command module pilot; and Edgar D. Mitchell, lunar module pilot.

On heat transfer in squish gaps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spurk, J. H.

1986-06-01

Attention is given to the heat transfer characteristics of a squish gap in an internal combustion engine cylinder, when the piston is nearing top dead center (TDC) on the compression stroke. If the lateral extent of the gap is much larger than its height, the inviscid flow is similar to the stagnation point flow. Surface temperature and pressure histories during compression and expansion are studied. Surface temperature has a maximum near TDC, then drops and rises again during expansion; higher values are actually achieved during expansion than during compression.

A Chance in Hell: Evaluating the Efficacy of U.S. Military Health Systems in Foreign Disaster Relief

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-10

no direct access to rail or sea. Many of these roads were severed in the 2005 quake due to landslides.127 Regional tensions with India and...to the timing of the quake , many of the dead and injured were schoolchildren whose classrooms collapsed around them. 132Sharon Wiharta et al., The...139According to NATO’s Euro-Atlantic Response Center Report dated October 8, the top two priorities were rescue/cargo helicopters and earth moving

46 CFR 171.117 - Dead covers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Dead covers. 171.117 Section 171.117 Shipping COAST... Dead covers. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each port light with the sill located below the margin line must have a hinged, inside dead cover. (b) The dead cover on a port light...

46 CFR 171.117 - Dead covers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Dead covers. 171.117 Section 171.117 Shipping COAST... Dead covers. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each port light with the sill located below the margin line must have a hinged, inside dead cover. (b) The dead cover on a port light...

46 CFR 171.117 - Dead covers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Dead covers. 171.117 Section 171.117 Shipping COAST... Dead covers. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each port light with the sill located below the margin line must have a hinged, inside dead cover. (b) The dead cover on a port light...

46 CFR 171.117 - Dead covers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Dead covers. 171.117 Section 171.117 Shipping COAST... Dead covers. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each port light with the sill located below the margin line must have a hinged, inside dead cover. (b) The dead cover on a port light...

46 CFR 171.117 - Dead covers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Dead covers. 171.117 Section 171.117 Shipping COAST... Dead covers. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each port light with the sill located below the margin line must have a hinged, inside dead cover. (b) The dead cover on a port light...

Antibacterial Efficacy of Octenisept, Alexidine, Chlorhexidine, and Sodium Hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms.

PubMed

Bukhary, Sundus; Balto, Hanan

2017-04-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of Octenisept (OCT; Schülke & Mayr GmBH, Norderstedt, Germany), 1% alexidine (ALX) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc, Santa Cruz, CA), and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Root dentin discs were prepared from extracted human teeth, sterilized, and inoculated with E. faecalis strain (ATCC 29212) to establish 3-week-old biofilm model. Infected dentin discs were exposed to OCT (n = 20), 1% ALX (n = 20), and 2% CHX (n = 20) for 10 minutes. Dentin discs (n = 15) exposed to 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were used as a positive control, whereas specimens exposed to saline (n = 15) were used as a negative control. After exposure, the dentin discs were stained with fluorescent LIVE/DEAD BacLight dye (Invitrogen Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) and analyzed with confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine the proportion of dead cells in the biofilm. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (P < .05). The highest proportion of dead cells was found in the 5.25% NaOCl group (94.14%; range, 92.30%-98.20%) compared with the experimental groups (P < .05). A significantly greater proportion of dead cells was found in the OCT group (74.14%; range, 70.03%-78.96%) compared with the 1% ALX and 2% CHX groups (P < .05). The proportion of dead cells was 43.89% (range, 24.86%-55.63%) and 42.78% (range, 25.45%-55.06%) in the 1% ALX and 2% CHX groups, respectively, with no statistical significant difference between the 2 groups (P > .05). NaOCl had significantly greater antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis biofilms compared with OCT, CHX, and ALX. OCT was more effective than CHX and ALX. Copyright © 2016 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The death assemblage as a marker for habitat and an indicator of climate change: Georges Bank, surfclams and ocean quahogs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Powell, Eric N.; Kuykendall, Kelsey M.; Moreno, Paula

2017-06-01

A comprehensive dataset for the Georges Bank region is used to directly compare the distribution of the death assemblage and the living community at large spatial scales and to assess the application of the death assemblage in tracking changes in species' distributional pattern as a consequence of climate change. Focus is placed on the biomass-dominant clam species of the northwest Atlantic continental shelf: the surfclam Spisula solidissima and the ocean quahog Arctica islandica, for which extensive datasets exist on the distributions of the living population and the death assemblage. For both surfclams and ocean quahogs, the distribution of dead shells, in the main, tracked the distribution of live animals relatively closely. Thus, for both species, the presence of dead shells was a positive indicator of present, recent, or past occupation by live animals. Shell dispersion within habitat was greater for surfclams than for ocean quahogs either due to spatial time averaging, animals not living in all habitable areas all of the time, or parautochthonous redistribution of shell. The regional distribution of dead shell differed from the distribution of live animals, for both species, in a systematic way indicative of range shifts due to climate change. In each case the differential distribution was consistent with warming of the northwest Atlantic. Present-day overlap of live surfclams with live ocean quahogs was consistent with the expectation that the surfclam's range is shifting into deeper water in response to the recent warming trend. The presence of locations devoid of dead shells where live surfclams nevertheless were collected measures the recentness of this event. The presence of dead ocean quahog shells at shallower depths than live ocean quahogs offers good evidence that a range shift has occurred in the past, but prior to the initiation of routine surveys in 1980. Possibly, this range shift tracks initial colonization at the end of the Little Ice Age.

Pipelines and Dead Ends: Jobs Held by Minorities and Women in Broadcast News.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stone, Vernon A.

Because of the problem of lack of progress by minorities and women in the newsrooms of television and radio stations, a survey investigated the types of positions held by minority and non-minority men and women in broadcast news. Subjects, 730 news directors from non-satellite commercial TV stations and commercial radio stations, answered…

Chytridiomycosis in two species of Telmatobius (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Argentina.

PubMed

Barrionuevo, Sebastián; Mangione, Susana

2006-12-14

Dead specimens of Telmatobius atacamensis and T. pisanoi were found in 2 localities in northwestern Argentina. The diagnosis was positive for chytridiomycosis caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Zoosporangia were identified in different stages: immature, mature with zoospores, empty and collapsed. This is the second report of chytridiomycosis in Argentina but the first one involving highly endangered species.

Hitting the Maternal Wall

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Joan C.

2004-01-01

Women's lack of progress in academe is well documented: in its 1999-2000 report, the AAUP's Committee on the Economic Status of the Profession found "striking evidence of a distorted gender distribution by rank." Women are more likely than men to end up in low-paid, non tenure-track positions that are often a dead end. Women who do manage to…

Amelia

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Simmons, R.; Thrun, S.; Armstrong, G.

1996-12-31

Amelia was built by Real World Interface (RWI) using Xavier-a mobile robot platform developed at CMU on a B24 base from RWI-as a prototype. Amelia has substantial engineering improvements over Xavier. Amelia is built on a B21 base. It has a top speed of 32 inches per second, while improved integral dead-reckoning insures extremely accurate drive and position controls.

KSC-07pd0876

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-04-11

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- A snowy egret perches on dead limbs in the Indian River near Kennedy Space Center. A type of heron, the snowy egret inhabits salt marshes, ponds, rice fields and shallow coastal bays ranging from Maine to southern South America on the east coast. It can also be found in California and Oklahoma to the Gulf of Mexico. KSC shares a boundary with the Merritt Island Wildlife Nature Refuge. The refuge is a habitat for more than 310 species of birds, 25 mammals, 117 fishes and 65 amphibians and reptiles. In addition, the Refuge supports 19 endangered or threatened wildlife species on Federal or State lists, more than any other single refuge in the U.S. Photo credit: NASA/Dimitri Gerondidakis

KSC-07pd0877

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-04-11

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- A snowy egret perches on dead limbs in the Indian River near Kennedy Space Center. A type of heron, the snowy egret inhabits salt marshes, ponds, rice fields and shallow coastal bays ranging from Maine to southern South America on the east coast. It can also be found in California and Oklahoma to the Gulf of Mexico. KSC shares a boundary with the Merritt Island Wildlife Nature Refuge. The refuge is a habitat for more than 310 species of birds, 25 mammals, 117 fishes and 65 amphibians and reptiles. In addition, the Refuge supports 19 endangered or threatened wildlife species on Federal or State lists, more than any other single refuge in the U.S. Photo credit: NASA/Dimitri Gerondidakis

SV40 T antigen alone drives karyotype instability that precedes neoplastic transformation of human diploid fibroblasts.

PubMed

Ray, F A; Peabody, D S; Cooper, J L; Cram, L S; Kraemer, P M

1990-01-01

To define the role of SV40 large T antigen in the transformation and immortalization of human cells, we have constructed a plasmid lacking most of the unique coding sequences of small t antigen as well as the SV40 origin of replication. The promoter for T antigen, which lies within the origin of replication, was deleted and replaced by the Rous sarcoma virus promoter. This minimal construct was co-electroporated into normal human fibroblasts of neonatal origin along with a plasmid containing the neomycin resistance gene (neo). Three G418-resistant, T antigen-positive clones were expanded and compared to three T antigen-positive clones that received the pSV3neo plasmid (capable of expressing large and small T proteins and having two origins of replication). Autonomous replication of plasmid DNA was observed in all three clones that received pSV3neo but not in any of the three origin minus clones. Immediately after clonal expansion, several parameters of neoplastic transformation were assayed. Low percentages of cells in T antigen-positive populations were anchorage independent or capable of forming colonies in 1% fetal bovine serum. The T antigen-positive clones generally exhibited an extended lifespan in culture but rarely became immortalized. Large numbers of dead cells were continually generated in all T antigen-positive, pre-crisis populations. Ninety-nine percent of all T antigen-positive cells had numerical or structural chromosome aberrations. Control cells that received the neo gene did not have an extended life span, did not have noticeable numbers of dead cells, and did not exhibit karyotype instability. We suggest that the role of T antigen protein in the transformation process is to generate genetic hypervariability, leading to various consequences including neoplastic transformation and cell death.

Bioengineering of Tobacco Mosaic Virus to Create a Non-Infectious Positive Control for Ebola Diagnostic Assays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lam, Patricia; Gulati, Neetu M.; Stewart, Phoebe L.; Keri, Ruth A.; Steinmetz, Nicole F.

2016-03-01

The 2014 Ebola epidemic is the largest to date. There is no cure or treatment for this deadly disease; therefore there is an urgent need to develop new diagnostics to accurately detect Ebola. Current RT-PCR assays lack sensitive and reliable positive controls. To address this critical need, we devised a bio-inspired positive control for use in RT-PCR diagnostics: we encapsulated scrambled Ebola RNA sequences inside of tobacco mosaic virus to create a biomimicry that is non-infectious, but stable, and could therefore serve as a positive control in Ebola diagnostic assays. Here, we report the bioengineering and validation of this probe.

77 FR 64373 - Culturally Significant Objects Imported for Exhibition Determinations: “The Dead Sea Scrolls...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-19

... Determinations: ``The Dead Sea Scrolls: Life and Faith in Ancient Times,'' Formerly Titled ``The Dead Sea Scrolls... the Department of State pertaining to the exhibition ``The Dead Sea Scrolls: Life and Faith in Biblical Times.'' The referenced notice is corrected here to change the exhibition name to ``The Dead Sea...

78 FR 62354 - Culturally Significant Objects Imported for Exhibition Determinations: “The Dead Sea Scrolls...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-18

... Determinations: ``The Dead Sea Scrolls: Life and Faith in Ancient Times'' Formerly Titled ``The Dead Sea Scrolls... Department of State pertaining to the exhibition ``The Dead Sea Scrolls: Life and Faith in Biblical Times... of the Federal Register (volume 77, number 203) to change the exhibition name to ``The Dead Sea...

45 CFR 46.206 - Research involving, after delivery, the placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., the dead fetus or fetal material. 46.206 Section 46.206 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material. (a) Research involving, after delivery, the placenta; the dead fetus; macerated fetal material; or cells, tissue, or organs excised from a dead fetus, shall be...

78 FR 24462 - Culturally Significant Objects Imported for Exhibition; Determinations: “The Dead Sea Scrolls...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-25

...; Determinations: ``The Dead Sea Scrolls: Life and Faith in Ancient Times'' Formerly Titled ``The Dead Sea Scrolls... Department of State pertaining to the exhibition ``The Dead Sea Scrolls: Life and Faith in Biblical Times... of the Federal Register (volume 77, number 203) to change the exhibition name to ``The Dead Sea...

45 CFR 46.206 - Research involving, after delivery, the placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., the dead fetus or fetal material. 46.206 Section 46.206 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material. (a) Research involving, after delivery, the placenta; the dead fetus; macerated fetal material; or cells, tissue, or organs excised from a dead fetus, shall be...

45 CFR 46.206 - Research involving, after delivery, the placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., the dead fetus or fetal material. 46.206 Section 46.206 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material. (a) Research involving, after delivery, the placenta; the dead fetus; macerated fetal material; or cells, tissue, or organs excised from a dead fetus, shall be...

45 CFR 46.206 - Research involving, after delivery, the placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., the dead fetus or fetal material. 46.206 Section 46.206 Public Welfare Department of Health and Human... placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material. (a) Research involving, after delivery, the placenta; the dead fetus; macerated fetal material; or cells, tissue, or organs excised from a dead fetus, shall be...

78 FR 16565 - Culturally Significant Objects Imported for Exhibition Determinations: “The Dead Sea Scrolls...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-15

... Determinations: ``The Dead Sea Scrolls: Life and Faith in Ancient Times'' Formerly Titled ``The Dead Sea Scrolls... Department of State pertaining to the exhibition ``The Dead Sea Scrolls: Life and Faith in Biblical Times... of the Federal Register (volume 77, number 203) to change the exhibition name to ``The Dead Sea...

45 CFR 46.206 - Research involving, after delivery, the placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., the dead fetus or fetal material. 46.206 Section 46.206 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material. (a) Research involving, after delivery, the placenta; the dead fetus; macerated fetal material; or cells, tissue, or organs excised from a dead fetus, shall be...

More Dead than Dead: Perceptions of Persons in the Persistent Vegetative State

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gray, Kurt; Knickman, T. Anne; Wegner, Daniel M.

2011-01-01

Patients in persistent vegetative state (PVS) may be biologically alive, but these experiments indicate that people see PVS as a state curiously more dead than dead. Experiment 1 found that PVS patients were perceived to have less mental capacity than the dead. Experiment 2 explained this effect as an outgrowth of afterlife beliefs, and the…

Maternal transfer and sublethal immune system effects of brevetoxin exposure in nesting loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from western Florida.

PubMed

Perrault, Justin R; Bauman, Katherine D; Greenan, Taylor M; Blum, Patricia C; Henry, Michael S; Walsh, Catherine J

2016-11-01

Blooms of Karenia brevis (also called red tides) occur almost annually in the Gulf of Mexico. The health effects of the neurotoxins (i.e., brevetoxins) produced by this toxic dinoflagellate on marine turtles are poorly understood. Florida's Gulf Coast represents an important foraging and nesting area for a number of marine turtle species. Most studies investigating brevetoxin exposure in marine turtles thus far focus on dead and/or stranded individuals and rarely examine the effects in apparently "healthy" free-ranging individuals. From May-July 2014, one year after the last red tide bloom, we collected blood from nesting loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) on Casey Key, Florida USA. These organisms show both strong nesting and foraging site fidelity. The plasma was analyzed for brevetoxin concentrations in addition to a number of health and immune-related parameters in an effort to establish sublethal effects of this toxin. Lastly, from July-September 2014, we collected unhatched eggs and liver and yolk sacs from dead-in-nest hatchlings from nests laid by the sampled females and tested these samples for brevetoxin concentrations to determine maternal transfer and effects on reproductive success. Using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), all plasma samples from nesting females tested positive for brevetoxin (reported as ng brevetoxin-3[PbTx-3] equivalents [eq]/mL) exposure (2.1-26.7ng PbTx-3eq/mL). Additionally, 100% of livers (1.4-13.3ng PbTx-3eq/mL) and yolk sacs (1.7-6.6ng PbTx-3eq/mL) from dead-in-nest hatchlings and 70% of eggs (<1.0-24.4ng PbTx-3eq/mL) tested positive for brevetoxin exposure with the ELISA. We found that plasma brevetoxin concentrations determined by an ELISA in nesting females positively correlated with gamma-globulins, indicating a potential for immunomodulation as a result of brevetoxin exposure. While the sample sizes were small, we also found that plasma brevetoxin concentrations determined by an ELISA in nesting females significantly correlated with liver brevetoxin concentrations of dead-in-nest hatchlings and that brevetoxins could be related to a decreased reproductive success in this species. This study suggests that brevetoxins can still elicit negative effects on marine life long after a bloom has dissipated. These results improve our understanding of maternal transfer and sublethal effects of brevetoxin exposure in marine turtles. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

An investigation into the factors effective in the consent of families with brain-dead patients candidates for organ donation in Isfahan, Iran in 2012-13

PubMed Central

Khajooei, Maryam Khalifehsoltani; Zamani, Fereshteh; Mehr, Asieh Maghami

2016-01-01

Background: Studies have shown that, with regard to social, cultural, and institutional contexts, several factors affect family decision-making on organ donation. This study aimed to investigate the effective factors in organ donation by family members with brain-dead patients. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-comparative study in which a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained as 0.81 using Cronbach's alpha. The study sample consisted of 85 members of families with brain-dead patients in Isfahan, Iran in 2012–13. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0, and the level of significance was considered as <0.05. Results: The obtained results indicated that factors such as age, marital status, level of education, and cause of brain death did not have any effect on their families consent, whereas factors such as gender, duration of hospitalization, having an organ donation card, personal view of the brain-dead patient, and the number of patient's children had a significant relationship with the consent on organ donation. In addition, the care and treatment team were effective in family decisions regarding organ donation. Conclusions: In general, the necessary culture and increasing the population awareness and their knowledge can be a positive step in this regard and may bring about an easy and rapid acceptance of organ donation by the involved families. PMID:28194201

9 CFR 82.4 - General provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... following articles may not be moved interstate from a quarantined area: (1) Dead birds and dead poultry...) Dressed carcasses of birds and poultry, and other dead birds and dead poultry, including any parts of the...

9 CFR 82.4 - General provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... following articles may not be moved interstate from a quarantined area: (1) Dead birds and dead poultry...) Dressed carcasses of birds and poultry, and other dead birds and dead poultry, including any parts of the...

9 CFR 82.4 - General provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... following articles may not be moved interstate from a quarantined area: (1) Dead birds and dead poultry...) Dressed carcasses of birds and poultry, and other dead birds and dead poultry, including any parts of the...

9 CFR 82.4 - General provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... following articles may not be moved interstate from a quarantined area: (1) Dead birds and dead poultry...) Dressed carcasses of birds and poultry, and other dead birds and dead poultry, including any parts of the...

Comparative growth and development of spiders reared on live and dead prey.

PubMed

Peng, Yu; Zhang, Fan; Gui, Shaolan; Qiao, Huping; Hose, Grant C

2013-01-01

Scavenging (feeding on dead prey) has been demonstrated across a number of spider families, yet the implications of feeding on dead prey for the growth and development of individuals and population is unknown. In this study we compare the growth, development, and predatory activity of two species of spiders that were fed on live and dead prey. Pardosa astrigera (Lycosidae) and Hylyphantes graminicola (Lyniphiidae) were fed live or dead fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster. The survival of P. astrigera and H. graminicola was not affected by prey type. The duration of late instars of P. astrigera fed dead prey were longer and mature spiders had less protein content than those fed live prey, whereas there were no differences in the rate of H. graminicola development, but the mass of mature spiders fed dead prey was greater than those fed live prey. Predation rates by P. astrigera did not differ between the two prey types, but H. graminicola had a higher rate of predation on dead than alive prey, presumably because the dead flies were easier to catch and handle. Overall, the growth, development and reproduction of H. graminicola reared with dead flies was better than those reared on live flies, yet for the larger P. astrigera, dead prey may suit smaller instars but mature spiders may be best maintained with live prey. We have clearly demonstrated that dead prey may be suitable for rearing spiders, although the success of the spiders fed such prey appears size- and species specific.

Comparative Growth and Development of Spiders Reared on Live and Dead Prey

PubMed Central

Peng, Yu; Zhang, Fan; Gui, Shaolan; Qiao, Huping; Hose, Grant C.

2013-01-01

Scavenging (feeding on dead prey) has been demonstrated across a number of spider families, yet the implications of feeding on dead prey for the growth and development of individuals and population is unknown. In this study we compare the growth, development, and predatory activity of two species of spiders that were fed on live and dead prey. Pardosa astrigera (Lycosidae) and Hylyphantes graminicola (Lyniphiidae) were fed live or dead fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster. The survival of P. astrigera and H. graminicola was not affected by prey type. The duration of late instars of P. astrigera fed dead prey were longer and mature spiders had less protein content than those fed live prey, whereas there were no differences in the rate of H. graminicola development, but the mass of mature spiders fed dead prey was greater than those fed live prey. Predation rates by P. astrigera did not differ between the two prey types, but H. graminicola had a higher rate of predation on dead than alive prey, presumably because the dead flies were easier to catch and handle. Overall, the growth, development and reproduction of H. graminicola reared with dead flies was better than those reared on live flies, yet for the larger P. astrigera, dead prey may suit smaller instars but mature spiders may be best maintained with live prey. We have clearly demonstrated that dead prey may be suitable for rearing spiders, although the success of the spiders fed such prey appears size- and species specific. PMID:24386248

Detection of viable Salmonella in ice cream by TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assay combining propidium monoazide.

PubMed

Wang, Yuexia; Yang, Ming; Liu, Shuchun; Chen, Wanyi; Suo, Biao

2015-09-01

Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows rapid detection of Salmonella in frozen dairy products, but it might cause a false positive detection result because it might amplify DNA from dead target cells as well. In this study, Salmonella-free frozen ice cream was initially inoculated with heat-killed Salmonella Typhimurium cells and stored at -18°C. Bacterial DNA extracted from the sample was amplified using TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR targeting the invA gene. Our results indicated that DNA from the dead cells remained stable in frozen ice cream for at least 20 days, and could produce fluorescence signal for real-time PCR as well. To overcome this limitation, propidium monoazide (PMA) was combined with real-time PCR. PMA treatment can effectively prevent PCR amplification from heat-killed Salmonella cells in frozen ice cream. The PMA real-time PCR assay can selectively detect viable Salmonella at as low as 10 3  CFU/mL. Combining 18 hours of pre-enrichment with the assay allows for the detection of viable Salmonella at 10 0  CFU/mL and avoiding the false-positive result of dead cells. The PMA real-time PCR assay provides an alternative specifically for detection of viable Salmonella in ice cream. However, when the PMA real-time PCR assay was evaluated in ice cream subjected to frozen storage, it obviously underestimated the contamination situation of viable Salmonella, which might lead to a false negative result. According to this result, the use of enrichment prior to PMA real-time PCR analysis remains as the more appropriate approach. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Application of dead space fraction to titrate optimal positive end-expiratory pressure in an ARDS swine model.

PubMed

Bian, Weishuai; Chen, Wei; Chao, Yangong; Wang, Lan; Li, Liming; Guan, Jian; Zang, Xuefeng; Zhen, Jie; Sheng, Bo; Zhu, Xi

2017-04-01

This study aimed to apply the dead space fraction [ratio of dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT)] to titrate the optimal positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in a swine model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Twelve swine models of ARDS were constructed. A lung recruitment maneuver was then conducted and the PEEP was set at 20 cm H 2 O. The PEEP was reduced by 2 cm H 2 O every 10 min until 0 cm H 2 O was reached, and VD/VT was measured after each decrement step. VD/VT was measured using single-breath analysis of CO 2 , and calculated from arterial CO 2 partial pressure (PaCO 2 ) and mixed expired CO 2 (PeCO 2 ) using the following formula: VD/VT = (PaCO 2 - PeCO 2 )/PaCO 2 . The optimal PEEP was identified by the lowest VD/VT method. Respiration and hemodynamic parameters were recorded during the periods of pre-injury and injury, and at 4 and 2 cm H 2 O below and above the optimal PEEP (Po). The optimal PEEP in this study was found to be 13.25±1.36 cm H 2 O. During the Po period, VD/VT decreased to a lower value (0.44±0.08) compared with that during the injury period (0.68±0.10) (P<0.05), while the intrapulmonary shunt fraction reached its lowest value. In addition, a significant change of dynamic tidal respiratory compliance and oxygenation index was induced by PEEP titration. These results indicate that minimal VD/VT can be used for PEEP titration in ARDS.

9 CFR 82.4 - General provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... moved interstate from a quarantined area: (1) Dead birds and dead poultry, including any parts of the... poultry, and other dead birds and dead poultry, including any parts of the birds or poultry, that are not...

20 CFR 404.721 - Evidence to presume a person is dead.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Evidence to presume a person is dead. 404.721... person is dead. If you cannot prove the person is dead but evidence of death is needed, we will presume... person is presumed to be dead as set out in Federal law (5 U.S.C. 5565). Unless we have other evidence...

20 CFR 404.721 - Evidence to presume a person is dead.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Evidence to presume a person is dead. 404.721... person is dead. If you cannot prove the person is dead but evidence of death is needed, we will presume... person is presumed to be dead as set out in Federal law (5 U.S.C. 5565). Unless we have other evidence...

20 CFR 404.721 - Evidence to presume a person is dead.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Evidence to presume a person is dead. 404.721... person is dead. If you cannot prove the person is dead but evidence of death is needed, we will presume... person is presumed to be dead as set out in Federal law (5 U.S.C. 5565). Unless we have other evidence...

20 CFR 404.721 - Evidence to presume a person is dead.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Evidence to presume a person is dead. 404.721... person is dead. If you cannot prove the person is dead but evidence of death is needed, we will presume... person is presumed to be dead as set out in Federal law (5 U.S.C. 5565). Unless we have other evidence...

20 CFR 404.721 - Evidence to presume a person is dead.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Evidence to presume a person is dead. 404.721... person is dead. If you cannot prove the person is dead but evidence of death is needed, we will presume... person is presumed to be dead as set out in Federal law (5 U.S.C. 5565). Unless we have other evidence...

Estimating dead-space fraction for secondary analyses of ARDS clinical trials

PubMed Central

Beitler, Jeremy R.; Thompson, B. Taylor; Matthay, Michael A.; Talmor, Daniel; Liu, Kathleen D.; Zhuo, Hanjing; Hayden, Douglas; Spragg, Roger G.; Malhotra, Atul

2015-01-01

Objective Pulmonary dead-space fraction is one of few lung-specific independent predictors of mortality from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, it is not measured routinely in clinical trials and thus altogether ignored in secondary analyses that shape future research directions and clinical practice. This study sought to validate an estimate of dead-space fraction for use in secondary analyses of clinical trials. Design Analysis of patient-level data pooled from ARDS clinical trials. Four approaches to estimate dead-space fraction were evaluated: three required estimating metabolic rate; one estimated dead-space fraction directly. Setting U.S. academic teaching hospitals. Patients Data from 210 patients across three clinical trials were used to compare performance of estimating equations with measured dead-space fraction. A second cohort of 3,135 patients from six clinical trials without measured dead-space fraction was used to confirm whether estimates independently predicted mortality. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results Dead-space fraction estimated using the unadjusted Harris-Benedict equation for energy expenditure was unbiased (mean ± SD Harris-Benedict 0.59 ± 0.13; measured 0.60 ± 0.12). This estimate predicted measured dead-space fraction to within ± 0.10 in 70% of patients and ± 0.20 in 95% of patients. Measured dead-space fraction independently predicted mortality (OR 1.36 per 0.05 increase in dead-space fraction, 95% CI 1.10–1.68; p < .01). The Harris-Benedict estimate closely approximated this association with mortality in the same cohort (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.21–1.98; p < .01) and remained independently predictive of death in the larger ARDSNet cohort. Other estimates predicted measured dead-space fraction or its association with mortality less well. Conclusions Dead-space fraction should be measured in future ARDS clinical trials to facilitate incorporation into secondary analyses. For analyses where dead-space fraction was not measured, the Harris-Benedict estimate can be used to estimate dead-space fraction and adjust for its association with mortality. PMID:25738857

Ethical and legal issues in non-heart-beating organ donation.

PubMed

Bos, M A

2005-03-01

Procurement of kidneys and livers from non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) raises ethical and legal issues that need to be considered carefully before wider use of these donors. Although NHBDs were used in kidney transplantation as early as the 1960s, retrieval of these organs is by no means universally accepted today. From a medical point of view, these organs have long been considered "marginal" because the majority show delayed or impaired graft function. Legal problems include determination of death by cardiopulmonary criteria, the issue of proper consent, and the use of organ preservation measures. Among ethical issues raised are the observance of the Dead-donor Rule, the decision-making surrounding resuscitation, the withdrawal of life-support, the respect for a dying patient and the dead body, as well as proper information to and guidance for the family. In the Netherlands NHB donation was pioneered in the Maastricht Medical Center in 1980s. Today, all seven transplant centers retrieve and transplant organs from these donors, and NHBDs have become an important source of transplantable kidneys and livers. Recent legislation in the Netherlands also supports the use of NHBDs by making possible the use of organ preservation measures after circulatory arrest, even in the absence of family consent. As a result, one of every three kidneys transplanted in the Netherlands in 2004 was obtained from a NHBD. In this study, Dutch NHBD protocols, practice, and results are analyzed and compared with international practices.

Experimental evaluation of the extended Dytlewski-style dead time correction formalism for neutron multiplicity counting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lockhart, M.; Henzlova, D.; Croft, S.; Cutler, T.; Favalli, A.; McGahee, Ch.; Parker, R.

2018-01-01

Over the past few decades, neutron multiplicity counting has played an integral role in Special Nuclear Material (SNM) characterization pertaining to nuclear safeguards. Current neutron multiplicity analysis techniques use singles, doubles, and triples count rates because a methodology to extract and dead time correct higher order count rates (i.e. quads and pents) was not fully developed. This limitation is overcome by the recent extension of a popular dead time correction method developed by Dytlewski. This extended dead time correction algorithm, named Dytlewski-Croft-Favalli(DCF), is detailed in reference Croft and Favalli (2017), which gives an extensive explanation of the theory and implications of this new development. Dead time corrected results can then be used to assay SNM by inverting a set of extended point model equations which as well have only recently been formulated. The current paper discusses and presents the experimental evaluation of practical feasibility of the DCF dead time correction algorithm to demonstrate its performance and applicability in nuclear safeguards applications. In order to test the validity and effectiveness of the dead time correction for quads and pents, 252Cf and SNM sources were measured in high efficiency neutron multiplicity counters at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and the count rates were extracted up to the fifth order and corrected for dead time. In order to assess the DCF dead time correction, the corrected data is compared to traditional dead time correction treatment within INCC. The DCF dead time correction is found to provide adequate dead time treatment for broad range of count rates available in practical applications.

Computations on metric maps in mammals: getting oriented and choosing a multi-destination route.

PubMed

Gallistel, C R; Cramer, A E

1996-01-01

The capacity to construct a cognitive map is hypothesized to rest on two foundations: (1) dead reckoning (path integration); (2) the perception of the direction and distance of terrain features relative to the animal. A map may be constructed by combining these two sources of positional information, with the result that the positions of all terrain features are represented in the coordinate framework used for dead reckoning. When animals need to become reoriented in a mapped space, results from rats and human toddlers indicate that they focus exclusively on the shape of the perceived environment, ignoring non-geometric features such as surface colors. As a result, in a rectangular space, they are misoriented half the time even when the two ends of the space differ strikingly in their appearance. In searching for a hidden object after becoming reoriented, both kinds of subjects search on the basis of the object's mapped position in the space rather than on the basis of its relationship to a goal sign (e.g. a distinctive container or nearby marker), even though they have demonstrably noted the relationship between the goal and the goal sign. When choosing a multidestination foraging route, vervet monkeys look at least three destinations ahead, even though they are only capable of keeping a maximum of six destinations in mind at once.

Clostridium perfringens type A fatal acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in a dog

PubMed Central

Schlegel, Ben J.; Van Dreumel, Tony; Slavić, Durda; Prescott, John F.

2012-01-01

The morning after participating in a dog show, a 2-year-old Pomeranian dog was found dead in a pool of bloody feces. Necropsy revealed hemorrhagic gastroenteritis of the entire gastrointestinal tract, with many Gram-positive bacilli on the surface and in the lumen and crypts of the intestine. Enterotoxin-positive type A Clostridium perfringens were isolated in large numbers. This dramatic case of fatal C. perfringens gastroenteritis highlights the need to better understand the role of this bacterium in enteric disease of dogs. PMID:23115371

A highly efficient machine planting system for forestry research plantations—the Wright-MSU method

Treesearch

James R. McKenna; Oriana Rueda-Krauss; Brian Beheler

2011-01-01

For forestry research purposes, grid planting with uniform tree spacing is superior to planting with nonuniform spacing because it controls density across the plantation and facilitates accurate repeat measurements. The ability to cross-check tree positions in a grid-type plantation avoids problems associated with dead or missing trees and increases the efficiency and...

Relationships between of Sea Urchins Abundance, Macroalgae and Coral Closure on the Cemara Kecil island

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suryanti, Suryanti; Ain, Churun; Latifah, Nurul

2018-05-01

Sea urchins are one of the key species for coral reef communities because have the capability for controlling populations of microalgae. The existence of sea urchins in an waters ecosystem influenced by abiotic and biotic environmental factors such as intraspecific or intraspecific interactions. This study aims to determine the relationship between the abundance of Sea Urchins, Macroalga on massive coral, and coral cover on Cemara Kecil Island by PCA analysis. The study was conducted in May 2017 in Cemara Kecil Island. Method of research with Haphazard sampling technique. The results indicate that numbers of sea urchins found ranges from 78-130 ind/m2, an abundance of macroalgae found are Sargassum sp 1.36%, Caulerpa sp.7.43% and Padina sp 91.21%. The results of substrate cover are living coral 47,21%, dead coral 23.33%, other fauna 2.85% and abiotic element 26,61%. Based on the results of PCA analysis that Sea Urchin abundance has a positive correlation with the closure of Coral Reef and Caulerpa sp. While the Padina sp and Sargassum sp have a positive correlation as well as abiotic factors, dead coral, and other fauna.

Cerebellum Augmented Rover Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

King, Matthew

2005-01-01

Bio-Inspired Technologies and Systems (BITS) are a very natural result of thinking about Nature's way of solving problems. Knowledge of animal behaviors an be used in developing robotic behaviors intended for planetary exploration. This is the expertise of the JFL BITS Group and has served as a philosophical model for NMSU RioRobolab. Navigation is a vital function for any autonomous system. Systems must have the ability to determine a safe path between their current location and some target location. The MER mission, as well as other JPL rover missions, uses a method known as dead-reckoning to determine position information. Dead-reckoning uses wheel encoders to sense the wheel's rotation. In a sandy environment such as Mars, this method is highly inaccurate because the wheels will slip in the sand. Improving positioning error will allow the speed of an autonomous navigating rover to be greatly increased. Therefore, local navigation based upon landmark tracking is desirable in planetary exploration. The BITS Group is developing navigation technology based upon landmark tracking. Integration of the current rover architecture with a cerebellar neural network tracking algorithm will demonstrate that this approach to navigation is feasible and should be implemented in future rover and spacecraft missions.

West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus Monitoring of Wild Birds in Germany.

PubMed

Michel, Friederike; Fischer, Dominik; Eiden, Martin; Fast, Christine; Reuschel, Maximilian; Müller, Kerstin; Rinder, Monika; Urbaniak, Sylvia; Brandes, Florian; Schwehn, Rebekka; Lühken, Renke; Groschup, Martin H; Ziegler, Ute

2018-01-22

By systematically setting up a unique nation-wide wild bird surveillance network, we monitored migratory and resident birds for zoonotic arthropod-borne virus infections, such as the flaviviruses West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV). More than 1900 wild bird blood samples, from 20 orders and 136 different bird species, were collected between 2014 and 2016. Samples were investigated by WNV and USUV-specific real-time polymerase chain reactions as well as by differentiating virus neutralization tests. Dead bird surveillance data, obtained from organ investigations in 2016, were also included. WNV-specific RNA was not detected, whereas four wild bird blood samples tested positive for USUV-specific RNA. Additionally, 73 USUV-positive birds were detected in the 2016 dead bird surveillance. WNV neutralizing antibodies were predominantly found in long-distance, partial and short-distance migrants, while USUV neutralizing antibodies were mainly detected in resident wild bird species, preferentially with low seroprevalences. To date, WNV-specific RNA has neither been detected in wild birds, nor in mosquitoes, thus, we conclude that WNV is not yet present in Germany. Continued wild bird and mosquito monitoring studies are essential to detect the incursion of zoonotic viruses and to allow risk assessments for zoonotic pathogens.

Dead-blow hammer design applied to a calibration target mechanism to dampen excessive rebound

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lim, Brian Y.

1991-01-01

An existing rotary electromagnetic driver was specified to be used to deploy and restow a blackbody calibration target inside of a spacecraft infrared science instrument. However, this target was much more massive than any other previously inherited design applications. The target experienced unacceptable bounce when reaching its stops. Without any design modification, the momentum generated by the driver caused the target to bounce back to its starting position. Initially, elastomeric dampers were used between the driver and the target. However, this design could not prevent the bounce, and it compromised the positional accuracy of the calibration target. A design that successfully met all the requirements incorporated a sealed pocket 85 percent full of 0.75 mm diameter stainless steel balls in the back of the target to provide the effect of a dead-blow hammer. The energy dissipation resulting from the collision of balls in the pocket successfully dampened the excess momentum generated during the target deployment. The disastrous effects of new requirements on a design with a successful flight history, the modifications that were necessary to make the device work, and the tests performed to verify its functionality are described.

From IEDs to AIDS? Detection of HIV in human corpses by rapid screening tests after suspected intentional transmission in terrorist attacks.

PubMed

Frickmann, Hagen; Wulff, B; Loderstædt, U; Hagen, R M; Sturm, D; Polywka, S

2013-12-01

We evaluated the feasibility of intentional transmission of HIV by means of suicide bombing and rape as a terrorist tactic in asymmetric conflicts by evaluating the recognised optimum conditions for biological warfare. We also estimated the suitability of a fourth-generation rapid test for HIV detection in the blood of dead terrorists killed in the completion of their mission. The feasibility of deliberate transmission of HIV for terroristic ends was evaluated on the basis of published experience from passive biological warfare research. In addition, blood from four recently deceased HIV-positive patients and four HIV-negative control corpses, stored at 4°C in a mortuary, was analysed at 12, 24, 36 and 48 h postmortem by rapid serological testing. The feasibility of HIV infection for terroristic purposes was established. The fourth-generation HIV rapid test we evaluated identified all HIV-positive samples and was negative for all HIV-negative samples. Rapid HIV testing from the remains of dead terrorists in the deployed military environment is possible. Samples should be acquired quickly, basic sample preparation is advisable and consequent decisions concerning postexposure prophylaxis should take into account the diagnostic gap in early infections.

Alteration of glacigenic landforms by gravitational mass movements, Ragnarbreen and Ebbabreen, Svalbard

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ewertowski, Marek; Pleskot, Krzysztof; Tomczyk, Aleksandra

2015-04-01

The extensive recession of Svalbard's glaciers exposed areas containing large amount of dead-ice covered by relatively thin - usually less than a couple of meters - veneer of debris. This landscape can be very dynamic, mainly due to the mass movement processes and dead-ice melting. Continuous redistribution of sediments causes several phases of debris transfer and relief inversion. Hence, the primary glacial deposits released from ice are subsequently transferred by mass movement processes, until they finally reach more stable position. Investigations of dynamics of the mass movement and the way in which they alter the property of glacigenic sediments are therefore cruicial for proper understanding of sedimentary records of previous glaciations. The main objectives of this study were to: (1) quantify short-term dynamic of mass wasting processes; (2) investigate the transformation of the sediment's characteristic by mass wasting processes; (3) asses the contribution of different process to the overall dynamic of proglacial landscape. We focused on the mass-wasting processes in the forelands of two glaciers, Ebbabreen and Ragnarbreen, located near the Petuniabukta at the northern end of the Billefjorden, Spitsbergen. Repetitive topographic scanning was combined with sedimentological analysis of: grain size, clast shape in macro and micro scale and thin sections. Debris falls, slides, rolls and flows were the most important processes leading to reworking of glacigenic sediments and altering their properties. Contribution of different processes to the overall dynamic of the landforms was related mainly to the local conditions. Four different morphological types of sites were identified: (1) near vertical ice-cliffs covered with debris, transformed mainly due to dead-ice backwasting and debris falls and slides, (2) steep debris slopes with exposed ice-cores dominated by debris slides, (3) gentle sediment-mantled slopes transformed due to debris flows, and (4) non-active debris-mantled areas transformed only by dead-ice downwasting. The amount of volume loss due to the active mass movement processes and dead-ice melting (including both backwasting and downwasting) was up to more than 1.8 m a-1. In comparison, the amount of volume loss due to the dead-ice downwasting only was significantly lower at a maximum of 0.3 m a-1. The spatial and temporal distribution of volume changes, however, was quite diverse and for the most part related to local geomorphic conditions (e.g. slope gradient, occurrence of streams, and meltwater channels). We proposed a simplified model of spatio-temporal switching between stable and active conditions within the forelands of the studied glaciers. Transformations of landforms were attributed to the period of deglaciation and debris cover development. Stage 1 - shortly after deglaciation when the debris cover is thin (thinner than the permafrost active layer's thickness) mass movement processes become fairly common. They are facilitated by the dead-ice melting and steepness of the slopes. This stage can be observed in many lateral moraines, which are characterised by steep slopes, abundance of active mass movement processes, and by consequence a high degree of transformation. Stage 2 - ongoing mass-wasting processes lead to the transfer of sediments from steep slopes to more stable positions. As the thickness of the sediments increases, the debris cover starts to protect the dead-ice from melting and also contribute to the decrease in slope gradient. Thus, the resulting landscape is relatively stable and in equilibrium with current climatic and topographic conditions. This stage characterises most parts of the frontal (end) moraine complex of the studied glaciers; thus, their transformation rates are either very low or close to zero. Stage 3 - some parts of this stable landscape can be subsequently transformed again into an unstable state, mainly due to the effect of external factors such as streams or meltwater channels. This can lead to the development of mass movement processes and further slope instability, which could facilitate subsequent generation of debris flows. Stages described above can occur in a sort of spatio-temporal cycle, and, depending on local and external factors, the changes between stabilization of landforms and activation of mass flows can be repeated several times for any given area until the dead-ice is completely melted.

Long-term dead wood changes in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest: habitat and fire hazard implications

Treesearch

Eric E. Knapp

2015-01-01

Dead trees play an important role in forests, with snags and coarse woody debris (CWD) used by many bird and mammal species for nesting, resting, or foraging. However, too much dead wood can also contribute to extreme fire behavior. This tension between dead wood as habitat and dead wood as fuel has raised questions about appropriate quantities in fire-dependent...

The Role of Dead Wood in Maintaining Arthropod Diversity on the Forest Floor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hanula, James L.; Horn, Scott; Wade, Dale D.

2006-08-01

Dead wood is a major component of forests and contributes to overall diversity, primarily by supporting insects that feed directly on or in it. Further, a variety of organisms benefit by feeding on those insects. What is not well known is how or whether dead wood influences the composition of the arthropod community that is not solely dependent on it as a food resource, or whether woody debris influences prey available to generalist predators. One group likely to be affected by dead wood is ground-dwelling arthropods. We studied the effect of adding large dead wood to unburned and frequently burnedmore » pine stands to determine if dead wood was used more when the litter and understory plant community are removed. We also studied the effect of annual removal of dead wood from large (10-ha) plots over a 5-year period on ground-dwelling arthropods. In related studies, we examined the relationships among an endangered woodpecker that forages for prey on live trees, its prey, and dead wood in the forest. Finally, the results of these and other studies show that dead wood can influence the abundance and diversity of the ground-dwelling arthropod community and of prey available to generalist predators not foraging directly on dead trees.« less

Never Declared Brain Dead Potential Organ Donors-An Additional Source of Donor Organs?

PubMed

Webster, Patricia A; Markham, Lori E

2018-03-01

Patients never declared brain dead may represent an additional source of donor organs. To determine the number of likely brain dead potential donors who are never declared brain dead and to compare them with brain dead and donation after cardiac death potential organ donors. This study was a retrospective chart review of all catastrophically brain-injured patients referred to a single-organ procurement organization (OPO) over a 4-year period. This study identified 159 likely brain dead potential organ donors, 902 brain dead potential organ donors, and 357 potential donation after circulatory death donors over a 4-year period. None. This study did not predetermine outcome measures before data collection because the study group, likely brain dead potential organ donors, had not previously been described. Likely brain dead potential donors were significantly older than brain dead potential donors ( P < .0001) but were otherwise not different demographically. They were more likely to be a late referral to the OPO ( P < .0001) and less likely to be in the donor registry ( P < .0001). The most commonly identified factors associated with a failure to declare brain death were an unwillingness to continue supportive care by the family, premention of donation, a nontimely imminent death referral, known prior objection to donation, terminal instability, and a lack of cooperation with the OPO.

The ecosystem service value of living versus dead biogenic reef

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheehan, E. V.; Bridger, D.; Attrill, M. J.

2015-03-01

Mixed maerl beds (corralline red algae) comprise dead thalli with varying amounts of live maerl fragments, but previously it was not known whether the presence of the live maerl increases the ecosystem service 'habitat provision' of the dead maerl for the associated epibenthos. A 'flying array' towed sled with high definition video was used to film transects of the epibenthos in dead maerl and mixed maerl beds in two locations to the north and south of the English Channel (Falmouth and Jersey). Mixed maerl beds supported greater number of taxa and abundance than dead beds in Falmouth, while in Jersey, mixed and dead beds supported similar number of taxa and dead beds had a greater abundance of epifauna. Scallops tended to be more abundant on mixed beds than dead beds. Tube worms were more abundant on mixed beds in Falmouth and dead beds in Jersey. An increasing percentage occurrence of live maerl thalli correlated with increasing number of taxa in Falmouth but not Jersey. It was concluded that while live thalli can increase the functional role of dead maerl beds for the epibenthos, this is dependent on location and response variable. As a result of this work, maerl habitat in SE Jersey has been protected from towed demersal fishing gear.

Experimental evaluation of the extended Dytlewski-style dead time correction formalism for neutron multiplicity counting

DOE PAGES

Lockhart, M.; Henzlova, D.; Croft, S.; ...

2017-09-20

Over the past few decades, neutron multiplicity counting has played an integral role in Special Nuclear Material (SNM) characterization pertaining to nuclear safeguards. Current neutron multiplicity analysis techniques use singles, doubles, and triples count rates because a methodology to extract and dead time correct higher order count rates (i.e. quads and pents) was not fully developed. This limitation is overcome by the recent extension of a popular dead time correction method developed by Dytlewski. This extended dead time correction algorithm, named Dytlewski-Croft-Favalli (DCF), is detailed in reference Croft and Favalli (2017), which gives an extensive explanation of the theory andmore » implications of this new development. Dead time corrected results can then be used to assay SNM by inverting a set of extended point model equations which as well have only recently been formulated. Here, we discuss and present the experimental evaluation of practical feasibility of the DCF dead time correction algorithm to demonstrate its performance and applicability in nuclear safeguards applications. In order to test the validity and effectiveness of the dead time correction for quads and pents, 252Cf and SNM sources were measured in high efficiency neutron multiplicity counters at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and the count rates were extracted up to the fifth order and corrected for dead time. To assess the DCF dead time correction, the corrected data is compared to traditional dead time correction treatment within INCC. In conclusion, the DCF dead time correction is found to provide adequate dead time treatment for broad range of count rates available in practical applications.« less

How dead is dead? Qualitative findings from participants of combined traditional and lead-time time trade-off valuations.

PubMed

Al Sayah, Fatima; Mladenovic, Ana; Gaebel, Kathryn; Xie, Feng; Johnson, Jeffrey A

2016-01-01

The EuroQol Valuation Technology (EQ-VT) uses traditional time trade-off (tTTO) for health states better than dead and lead-time TTO (LT-TTO) for states worse than dead to elicit a value (-1.0 to +1.0) for each health state. In the Canadian EQ-5D-5L Valuation study which used the EQVT platform, we observed an unexpected peak in frequency of "0" values and few negative values, particularly in the range of 0 to -0.5. To better understand this finding, we sought to explore respondents' thought processes while valuing a health state, and their understanding of the tTTO and LT-TTO exercises. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with EQVT task respondents. Questions focused on valuations of health states as: (a) Same as dead in tTTO, (b) Worse than dead in tTTO but changed to same as dead in LT-TTO, (c) Worse than dead in LT-TTO, and (d) Worse than dead in LT-TTO with trading off all 10 years. Data were analyzed using content and thematic analysis. Mean age of participants (N = 70) was 40 ± 18.1 years, 60% female, and 76% Caucasian. Participants provided similar reasons for valuing a health state same as or worse than dead. Many participants expressed confusion about worse than dead valuations, distinction between same as and worse than dead, and the transition from tTTO to LT-TTO. A few indicated that the addition of 10 years of full health in the LT-TTO influenced their valuations. The transition from tTTO to LT-TTO in the EQVT was confusing to participants, whereby some health state valuations around this transition appeared to be arbitrary.

Experimental evaluation of the extended Dytlewski-style dead time correction formalism for neutron multiplicity counting

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lockhart, M.; Henzlova, D.; Croft, S.

Over the past few decades, neutron multiplicity counting has played an integral role in Special Nuclear Material (SNM) characterization pertaining to nuclear safeguards. Current neutron multiplicity analysis techniques use singles, doubles, and triples count rates because a methodology to extract and dead time correct higher order count rates (i.e. quads and pents) was not fully developed. This limitation is overcome by the recent extension of a popular dead time correction method developed by Dytlewski. This extended dead time correction algorithm, named Dytlewski-Croft-Favalli (DCF), is detailed in reference Croft and Favalli (2017), which gives an extensive explanation of the theory andmore » implications of this new development. Dead time corrected results can then be used to assay SNM by inverting a set of extended point model equations which as well have only recently been formulated. Here, we discuss and present the experimental evaluation of practical feasibility of the DCF dead time correction algorithm to demonstrate its performance and applicability in nuclear safeguards applications. In order to test the validity and effectiveness of the dead time correction for quads and pents, 252Cf and SNM sources were measured in high efficiency neutron multiplicity counters at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and the count rates were extracted up to the fifth order and corrected for dead time. To assess the DCF dead time correction, the corrected data is compared to traditional dead time correction treatment within INCC. In conclusion, the DCF dead time correction is found to provide adequate dead time treatment for broad range of count rates available in practical applications.« less

AUV Underwater Positioning Algorithm Based on Interactive Assistance of SINS and LBL.

PubMed

Zhang, Tao; Chen, Liping; Li, Yao

2015-12-30

This paper studies an underwater positioning algorithm based on the interactive assistance of a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) and LBL, and this algorithm mainly includes an optimal correlation algorithm with aided tracking of an SINS/Doppler velocity log (DVL)/magnetic compass pilot (MCP), a three-dimensional TDOA positioning algorithm of Taylor series expansion and a multi-sensor information fusion algorithm. The final simulation results show that compared to traditional underwater positioning algorithms, this scheme can not only directly correct accumulative errors caused by a dead reckoning algorithm, but also solves the problem of ambiguous correlation peaks caused by multipath transmission of underwater acoustic signals. The proposed method can calibrate the accumulative error of the AUV position more directly and effectively, which prolongs the underwater operating duration of the AUV.

A Short Tutorial on Inertial Navigation System and Global Positioning System Integration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smalling, Kyle M.; Eure, Kenneth W.

2015-01-01

The purpose of this document is to describe a simple method of integrating Inertial Navigation System (INS) information with Global Positioning System (GPS) information for an improved estimate of vehicle attitude and position. A simple two dimensional (2D) case is considered. The attitude estimates are derived from sensor data and used in the estimation of vehicle position and velocity through dead reckoning within the INS. The INS estimates are updated with GPS estimates using a Kalman filter. This tutorial is intended for the novice user with a focus on bringing the reader from raw sensor measurements to an integrated position and attitude estimate. An application is given using a remotely controlled ground vehicle operating in assumed 2D environment. The theory is developed first followed by an illustrative example.

SU-E-T-458: Determining Threshold-Of-Failure for Dead Pixel Rows in EPID-Based Dosimetry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gersh, J; Wiant, D

Purpose: A pixel correction map is applied to all EPID-based applications on the TrueBeam (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). When dead pixels are detected, an interpolative smoothing algorithm is applied using neighboring-pixel information to supplement missing-pixel information. The vendor suggests that when the number of dead pixels exceeds 70,000, the panel should be replaced. It is common for entire detector rows to be dead, as well as their neighboring rows. Approximately 70 rows can be dead before the panel reaches this threshold. This study determines the number of neighboring dead-pixel rows that would create a large enough deviation inmore » measured fluence to cause failures in portal dosimetry (PD). Methods: Four clinical two-arc VMAT plans were generated using Eclipse's AXB algorithm and PD plans were created using the PDIP algorithm. These plans were chosen to represent those commonly encountered in the clinic: prostate, lung, abdomen, and neck treatments. During each iteration of this study, an increasing number of dead-pixel rows are artificially applied to the correction map and a fluence QA is performed using the EPID (corrected with this map). To provide a worst-case-scenario, the dead-pixel rows are chosen so that they present artifacts in the highfluence region of the field. Results: For all eight arc-fields deemed acceptable via a 3%/3mm gamma analysis (pass rate greater than 99%), VMAT QA yielded identical results with a 5 pixel-width dead zone. When 10 dead lines were present, half of the fields had pass rates below the 99% pass rate. With increasing dead rows, the pass rates were reduced substantially. Conclusion: While the vendor still suggests to request service at the point where 70,000 dead rows are measured (as recommended by the vendor), the authors suggest that service should be requested when there are greater than 5 consecutive dead rows.« less

Indoor Pedestrian Localization Using iBeacon and Improved Kalman Filter.

PubMed

Sung, Kwangjae; Lee, Dong Kyu 'Roy'; Kim, Hwangnam

2018-05-26

The reliable and accurate indoor pedestrian positioning is one of the biggest challenges for location-based systems and applications. Most pedestrian positioning systems have drift error and large bias due to low-cost inertial sensors and random motions of human being, as well as unpredictable and time-varying radio-frequency (RF) signals used for position determination. To solve this problem, many indoor positioning approaches that integrate the user's motion estimated by dead reckoning (DR) method and the location data obtained by RSS fingerprinting through Bayesian filter, such as the Kalman filter (KF), unscented Kalman filter (UKF), and particle filter (PF), have recently been proposed to achieve higher positioning accuracy in indoor environments. Among Bayesian filtering methods, PF is the most popular integrating approach and can provide the best localization performance. However, since PF uses a large number of particles for the high performance, it can lead to considerable computational cost. This paper presents an indoor positioning system implemented on a smartphone, which uses simple dead reckoning (DR), RSS fingerprinting using iBeacon and machine learning scheme, and improved KF. The core of the system is the enhanced KF called a sigma-point Kalman particle filter (SKPF), which localize the user leveraging both the unscented transform of UKF and the weighting method of PF. The SKPF algorithm proposed in this study is used to provide the enhanced positioning accuracy by fusing positional data obtained from both DR and fingerprinting with uncertainty. The SKPF algorithm can achieve better positioning accuracy than KF and UKF and comparable performance compared to PF, and it can provide higher computational efficiency compared with PF. iBeacon in our positioning system is used for energy-efficient localization and RSS fingerprinting. We aim to design the localization scheme that can realize the high positioning accuracy, computational efficiency, and energy efficiency through the SKPF and iBeacon indoors. Empirical experiments in real environments show that the use of the SKPF algorithm and iBeacon in our indoor localization scheme can achieve very satisfactory performance in terms of localization accuracy, computational cost, and energy efficiency.

Positive impact of a clinical goal-directed protocol on reducing cardiac arrests during potential brain-dead donor maintenance.

PubMed

Westphal, Glauco A; Coll, Elisabeth; de Souza, Rafael L; Wagner, Silvana; Montemezzo, Artur; Cani de Souza, Fernanda Carolina; Torres, Gabriel; Halla, Stefan; Carnin, Tiago C; Machado, Míriam C; Berbigier, Eduardo; Busetto, Fernando; Bittencourt, Ivonei; Gerent, Karine; de Souza, Bruno S; Tassinari, Manoel; de Andrade, Joel

2016-10-11

The disproportion between the large organ demand and the low number of transplantations performed represents a serious public health problem worldwide. Reducing the loss of transplantable organs from deceased potential donors as a function of cardiac arrest (CA) may contribute to an increase in organ donations. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that a goal-directed protocol to guide the management of deceased donors may reduce the losses of potential brain-dead donors (PBDDs) due to CA. The quality improvement project included 27 hospitals that reported deceased donors prospectively to the Transplant Center of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. All deceased donors reported prospectively between May 2012 and April 2014 were analyzed. Hospitals were encouraged to use the VIP approach checklist during the management of PBDDs. The checklist was composed of the following goals: protocol duration 12-24 hours, temperature > 35 °C, mean arterial pressure ≥ 65 mmHg, diuresis 1-4 ml/kg/h, corticosteroids, vasopressin, tidal volume 6-8 ml/kg, positive end-expiratory pressure 8-10 cmH 2 O, sodium < 150 mEq/L, and glycemia < 180 mg/dl. A logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of CA. There were 726 PBDD notifications, of which 324 (44.6) were actual donors, 141 (19.4 %) CAs, 226 (31.1 %) family refusals, and 35 (4.8 %) contraindications. Factors associated with CA reduction included use of the checklist (odds ratio (OR) 0.43, p < 0.001), maintenance performed inside the ICU (OR 0.49, p = 0.013), and vasopressin administration (OR 0.56, p = 0.04). More than three interventions had association with less CAs (OR 0.19, p < 0.001). After 24 months, CAs decreased from 27.3 % to 14.6 % (p = 0.002), reaching 12.1 % in the following two 4-month periods (p < 0.001). Simultaneous increases in organ recovered per donor and in actual donors were observed. A quality improvement program based on education and the use of a goal checklist for the management of potential donors inside the ICU is strongly associated with a decrease in donor losses and an increase in organs recovered per donor.

Raising the Dead without a Red Sea-Dead Sea Canal? A hydro-economic-institutional analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosenberg, D. E.

2010-12-01

Presently, just 100 million cubic meters per year (MCM/year) of the 1,000+ MCM/year that historically flowed in the lower Jordan River reach the Dead Sea. Israeli, Jordanian, and Syrian dam and extraction projects built over seven decades have principally caused the reduced flow, associated falling Dead Sea level, shrinking surface area, sink holes, salinity, and other catastrophic problems. These problems will be magnified in the face of up to 20% reductions in precipitation expected with climate change. The fix proposed by Jordan, Israel, and Palestine—and now under study by the World Bank—envisions building a $US 5 billion multipurpose canal from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea that would also generate hydropower and desalinated water. Yet alternatives to raise the Dead Sea level that could take advantage of hydrologic variability remain unstudied. Here we show system-wide hydrologic and economic impacts of and discusses institutional management for alternatives to raise the Dead Sea level. Hydro-economic model results for the inter-tied Israel-Jordan-Palestinian water systems show the desalination component of the Red Sea-Dead Sea project is economically unviable. Further, many decentralized new supply, wastewater reuse, conveyance, conservation, and leak reduction projects and programs in each country together increase economic benefits and can reliably deliver up to 900 MCM/year to the Dead Sea. In all cases, results show that net benefits fall and water scarcity rises as the flow volume delivered to the Dead Sea increases. These findings suggest that (i) each country has little individual incentive to allow water to flow to the Dead Sea, and (ii) outside institutions—such as the World Bank—that seek to raise the Dead should instead offer the countries direct incentives to deliver water rather than build them new infrastructure. The work expands the set of viable options to raise the Dead Sea level and can help the World Bank and others recommend whether to move forward with the Red Sea-Dead Sea project.

The case of Samuel Golubchuk and the right to live.

PubMed

Jotkowitz, Alan; Glick, Shimon; Zivotofsky, Ari Z

2010-03-01

Samuel Golubchuk was unwittingly at the center of a medical controversy with important ethical ramifications. Mr. Golubchuk, an 84-year-old patient whose precise neurological level of function was open to debate, was being artificially ventilated and fed by a gastrostomy tube prior to his death. According to all reports he was neither brain dead nor in a vegetative state. The physicians directly responsible for his care had requested that they be allowed to remove the patient from life support against the wishes of the patient's family. Concurrently the Manitoba College of Physicians and Surgeons released a statement which states that the final decision to withdraw life support lies with the physician. In our opinion the statement is ethically problematic for a number of reasons. 1. It is an affront to the guiding principles of Western medical ethics: patient autonomy and human freedom. 2. The position of Samuel Golubchuk's physicians and the new statement lack cultural sensitivity towards other traditions. 3. In modern society there exists an erosion of a basic attitude towards the value of life. 4. The ability of physicians to predict life expectancy in terminally ill patients has been shown repeatedly to be quite limited.

The Developmental Dynamics of Terrorist Organizations

PubMed Central

Clauset, Aaron; Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede

2012-01-01

We identify robust statistical patterns in the frequency and severity of violent attacks by terrorist organizations as they grow and age. Using group-level static and dynamic analyses of terrorist events worldwide from 1968–2008 and a simulation model of organizational dynamics, we show that the production of violent events tends to accelerate with increasing size and experience. This coupling of frequency, experience and size arises from a fundamental positive feedback loop in which attacks lead to growth which leads to increased production of new attacks. In contrast, event severity is independent of both size and experience. Thus larger, more experienced organizations are more deadly because they attack more frequently, not because their attacks are more deadly, and large events are equally likely to come from large and small organizations. These results hold across political ideologies and time, suggesting that the frequency and severity of terrorism may be constrained by fundamental processes. PMID:23185267

Abrupt aridities in the Levant-Sahel linked with solar activities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stein, M.; Kushnir, Y.

2012-04-01

Observations of 19th and 20th century precipitation in the Dead Sea watershed region display a multidecadal, anti-phase relationship to North Atlantic (NAtl) sea surface temperature (SST) variability, such that when the NAtl is relatively cold, Jerusalem experiences higher than normal precipitation and vice versa. This association is underlined by a negative correlation to precipitation in the sub-Saharan Sahel and a positive correlation to precipitation in western North America, areas that are also affected by multidecadal NAtl SST variability. These observations are consistent with broad range of Holocene hydroclimatic fluctuations from the epochal, to the millennial and centennial time scales, as displayed by the Dead Sea and Sahelian lake levels and by direct and indirect proxy indicators of NAtl SSTs. On the epochal time scale, the gradual cooling of NAtl SSTs throughout the Holocene in response to precession-driven reduction of summer insolation is associated with previously well-studied wet-to-dry transition in the Sahel and with a general increase in Dead Sea lake levels from low stands after the Younger Dryas to higher stands in the mid- to late-Holocene. On the millennial and centennial time scales there is also evidence for an antiphase relationship between Holocene variations in the Dead Sea and Sahelian lake levels and with proxy indicators of NAtl SSTs. However, the records are punctuated by abrupt lake-level drops and extensive expansion of the desert belt at ~8.1, 5.7, 3.3 and 1.4 ka cal BP, which appear to be in-phase and which occur during previously documented abrupt major cooling events in the Northern Hemisphere. We link these cooling to solar activity variations that were identified in the North Atlantic IRD and cosmogenic isotopes records.

Identification of unique interactions between the flexible linker and the RecA-like domains of DEAD-box helicase Mss116

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yuan; Palla, Mirkó; Sun, Andrew; Liao, Jung-Chi

2013-09-01

DEAD-box RNA helicases are ATP-dependent proteins implicated in nearly all aspects of RNA metabolism. The yeast DEAD-box helicase Mss116 is unique in its functions of splicing group I and group II introns and activating mRNA translation, but the structural understanding of why it performs these unique functions remains unclear. Here we used sequence analysis and molecular dynamics simulation to identify residues in the flexible linker specific for yeast Mss116, potentially associated with its unique functions. We first identified residues that are 100% conserved in Mss116 of different species of the Saccharomycetaceae family. The amino acids of these conserved residues were then compared with the amino acids of the corresponding residue positions of other RNA helicases to identify residues that have distinct amino acids from other DEAD-box proteins. Four residues in the flexible linker, i.e. N334, E335, P336 and H339, are conserved and Mss116-specific. Molecular dynamics simulation was conducted for the wild-type Mss116 structure and mutant models to examine mutational effects of the linker on the conformational equilibrium. Relatively short MD simulation runs (within 20 ns) were enough for us to observe mutational effects, suggesting serious structural perturbations by these mutations. The mutation of E335 depletes the interactions between E335 and K95 in domain 1. The interactions between N334/P336 and N496/I497 of domain 2 are also abolished by mutation. Our results suggest that tight interactions between the Mss116-specific flexible linker and the two RecA-like domains may be mechanically required to crimp RNA for the unique RNA processes of yeast Mss116.

No Time for Dead Time: Use the Fourier Amplitude Differences to Normalize Dead-time-affected Periodograms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bachetti, Matteo; Huppenkothen, Daniela

2018-02-01

Dead time affects many of the instruments used in X-ray astronomy, by producing a strong distortion in power density spectra. This can make it difficult to model the aperiodic variability of the source or look for quasi-periodic oscillations. Whereas in some instruments a simple a priori correction for dead-time-affected power spectra is possible, this is not the case for others such as NuSTAR, where the dead time is non-constant and long (∼2.5 ms). Bachetti et al. (2015) suggested the cospectrum obtained from light curves of independent detectors within the same instrument as a possible way out, but this solution has always only been a partial one: the measured rms was still affected by dead time because the width of the power distribution of the cospectrum was modulated by dead time in a frequency-dependent way. In this Letter, we suggest a new, powerful method to normalize dead-time-affected cospectra and power density spectra. Our approach uses the difference of the Fourier amplitudes from two independent detectors to characterize and filter out the effect of dead time. This method is crucially important for the accurate modeling of periodograms derived from instruments affected by dead time on board current missions like NuSTAR and Astrosat, but also future missions such as IXPE.

Method and apparatus for strip casting

DOEpatents

Follstaedt, Donald W.; Powell, John C.; Sussman, Richard C.; Williams, Robert S.

1991-01-01

Casting nozzles will provide improved flow conditions with the parameters controlled according to the present invention. The gap relationships between the nozzle slot and exit orifice must be controlled in combination with converging exit passageway to provide a smooth flow without shearing and turbulence in the stream. The nozzle lips are also rounded to improve flow and increase refractory life of the lips of the nozzle. The tundish walls are tapered to provide improve flow for supplying the melt to the nozzle. The nozzle is located about 45.degree. below top dead center for optimum conditions.

A Novel Model for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

In the U.S. lung cancer remains the most deadly cancer type with less than one in five patients alive five years after diagnosis. The majority of lung cancer deaths are due to tobacco smoke, and the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) subtype of lung cancer is strongly associated with smoking. Researchers have identified a number of mutations in lung SCC tumors but have failed to generate an animal model of lung SCC, which is critical for understanding the biology of the disease and for identifying novel therapeutic targets.

Interferon-Gamma Promotes UV-Induced Melanoma in Mice | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

Scientists have made an unanticipated discovery in mice that interferon-gamma, a type of protein primarily used by the immune system for intercellular communication, acts as a promoter for the deadly form of skin cancer known as melanoma. This finding resulted from a series of experiments designed to understand how solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes melanoma. This study suggests that interferon-gamma, which has been thought to contribute to an innate defense system against cancer, under some circumstances, may instead promote melanoma and incite the development of tumors.

HIV envelope glycoprotein imaged at high resolution | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

The outer surface of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is surrounded by an envelope studded with spike-shaped glycoproteins called Env that help the deadly virus identify, bind, and infect cells. When unbound, Env exists in a “closed” conformational state. Upon binding with target cells, such as CD4+ T cells, the protein transitions to an “open” configuration. Given that Env is the only viral protein expressed on HIV’s surface, knowing its detailed structure—especially in the unbound state—may be critical for designing antibodies and vaccines against HIV.

46 CFR 92.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 92.10-30 Section 92.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 92.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the...

46 CFR 92.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 92.10-30 Section 92.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 92.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the...

46 CFR 92.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 92.10-30 Section 92.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 92.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the...

46 CFR 108.161 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 108.161 Section 108.161 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Construction and Arrangement Means of Escape § 108.161 Dead end corridors. No dead end corridor...

46 CFR 108.161 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 108.161 Section 108.161 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Construction and Arrangement Means of Escape § 108.161 Dead end corridors. No dead end corridor...

7 CFR 322.29 - Dead bees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Dead bees. 322.29 Section 322.29 Agriculture..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and Transit of Restricted Articles § 322.29 Dead bees. (a) Dead bees imported into or transiting the United States must be...

7 CFR 322.29 - Dead bees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Dead bees. 322.29 Section 322.29 Agriculture..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and Transit of Restricted Articles § 322.29 Dead bees. (a) Dead bees imported into or transiting the United States must be...

7 CFR 322.29 - Dead bees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Dead bees. 322.29 Section 322.29 Agriculture..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and Transit of Restricted Articles § 322.29 Dead bees. (a) Dead bees imported into or transiting the United States must be...

7 CFR 322.29 - Dead bees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Dead bees. 322.29 Section 322.29 Agriculture..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and Transit of Restricted Articles § 322.29 Dead bees. (a) Dead bees imported into or transiting the United States must be...

7 CFR 322.29 - Dead bees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Dead bees. 322.29 Section 322.29 Agriculture..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and Transit of Restricted Articles § 322.29 Dead bees. (a) Dead bees imported into or transiting the United States must be...

78 FR 32622 - Endangered Species; File Nos. 17557 and 17273

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-31

... Northeast Region (File No. 17273) requests authorization to collect, receive and transport 100 dead shortnose and 100 dead Atlantic sturgeon, or parts thereof, annually. Researchers also request authorization for the receipt and transport of up to 350 captive bred, dead shortnose sturgeon and up to 75 dead...

46 CFR 108.161 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 108.161 Section 108.161 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Construction and Arrangement Means of Escape § 108.161 Dead end corridors. No dead end corridor...

46 CFR 92.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 92.10-30 Section 92.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 92.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the...

77 FR 53962 - Technical Standard Order (TSO)-C68a, Airborne Automatic Dead Reckoning Computer Equipment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-04

..., Airborne Automatic Dead Reckoning Computer Equipment Utilizing Aircraft Heading and Doppler Ground Speed.... ACTION: Notice of cancellation of Technical Standard Order (TSO)-C68a, Airborne Automatic Dead Reckoning... . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background Doppler radar is a semiautomatic self-contained dead reckoning navigation...

46 CFR 108.161 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 108.161 Section 108.161 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Construction and Arrangement Means of Escape § 108.161 Dead end corridors. No dead end corridor...

46 CFR 92.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 92.10-30 Section 92.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 92.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the...

46 CFR 108.161 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 108.161 Section 108.161 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Construction and Arrangement Means of Escape § 108.161 Dead end corridors. No dead end corridor...

9 CFR 314.8 - Dead animal carcasses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Dead animal carcasses. 314.8 Section 314.8 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY... Dead animal carcasses. (a) With the exception of dead livestock which have died en route and are...

9 CFR 314.8 - Dead animal carcasses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Dead animal carcasses. 314.8 Section 314.8 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY... Dead animal carcasses. (a) With the exception of dead livestock which have died en route and are...

9 CFR 314.8 - Dead animal carcasses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Dead animal carcasses. 314.8 Section 314.8 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY... Dead animal carcasses. (a) With the exception of dead livestock which have died en route and are...

9 CFR 314.8 - Dead animal carcasses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Dead animal carcasses. 314.8 Section 314.8 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY... Dead animal carcasses. (a) With the exception of dead livestock which have died en route and are...

9 CFR 314.8 - Dead animal carcasses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Dead animal carcasses. 314.8 Section 314.8 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY... Dead animal carcasses. (a) With the exception of dead livestock which have died en route and are...

Risk factors predicting mortality in patients with lung abscess in a public tertiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan.

PubMed

Ghazal, Shaista; Kumar, Ashok; Shrestha, Binav; Sajid, Sana; Malik, Maria; Rizvi, Nadeen

2013-01-01

Lung abscess is a commonly encountered entity in South-East Asia but not much data regarding its outcome is available. The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with increased mortality in patients diagnosed with lung abscess in a tertiary care center of Karachi, Pakistan. A retrospective case analysis was performed via hospital records, on patients admitted with lung abscess between January 2009 and January 2011 at the largest state-owned tertiary care centre in Karachi, Pakistan. Out of the 41 patients hospitalized, 17 could not survive and were evaluated for clinical, radiological and microbiological factors to determine association with heightened mortality. Mortality due to lung abscess stood at 41.4% (17 of 41 cases). Adult male patients were found to have higher mortality with 13 out of 17 (43%) dead patients being male. A majority (21/41, 51.2%) of the cases belonged to the 41-60 year old age group. Highest mortality was seen in patients<20 years of age (3/4, 75%). Patients with blood sugar levels of >200 mg/dL (56%) succumb to disease. Patients with a positive history of smoking, diabetes mellitus, and alcohol intake expressed mortality rates of 44%, 56%, and 50% respectively; while 29.4% of the mortalities were positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa on sputum culture. A significant association was found with elevated mortality and low haemoglobin levels at time of admission; mortality was 58% (p=0.005) in patients with Hb less than or equal to 10 mg/dL. The risk factors involved with heightened mortality included male gender and history of smoking, diabetes and alcohol intake. High blood sugar levels and detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on sputum cultures were also implicated. Anemia (Hb level less than or equal to 10 mg/dl) was statistically significant predictive factor for increased mortality.

Can dead bacterial cells be defined and are genes expressed after cell death?

PubMed

Trevors, J T

2012-07-01

There is a paucity of knowledge on gene expression in dead bacterial cells. Why would this knowledge be useful? The cells are dead. However, the time duration of gene expression following cell death is often unknown, and possibly in the order of minutes. In addition, it is a challenge to determine if bacterial cells are dead, or viable but non-culturable (VBNC), and what is an agreed upon correct definition of dead bacteria. Cells in the bacterial population or community may die at different rates or times and this complicates both the viability and gene expression analysis. In this article, the definition of dead bacterial cells is discussed and its significance in continued gene expression in cells following death. The definition of living and dead has implications for possible, completely, synthetic bacterial cells that may be capable of growth and division. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dead time corrections using the backward extrapolation method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gilad, E.; Dubi, C.; Geslot, B.; Blaise, P.; Kolin, A.

2017-05-01

Dead time losses in neutron detection, caused by both the detector and the electronics dead time, is a highly nonlinear effect, known to create high biasing in physical experiments as the power grows over a certain threshold, up to total saturation of the detector system. Analytic modeling of the dead time losses is a highly complicated task due to the different nature of the dead time in the different components of the monitoring system (e.g., paralyzing vs. non paralyzing), and the stochastic nature of the fission chains. In the present study, a new technique is introduced for dead time corrections on the sampled Count Per Second (CPS), based on backward extrapolation of the losses, created by increasingly growing artificially imposed dead time on the data, back to zero. The method has been implemented on actual neutron noise measurements carried out in the MINERVE zero power reactor, demonstrating high accuracy (of 1-2%) in restoring the corrected count rate.

14 CFR 1203b.106 - Use of deadly force.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Use of deadly force. 1203b.106 Section 1203b.106 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SECURITY PROGRAMS; ARREST AUTHORITY AND USE OF FORCE BY NASA SECURITY FORCE PERSONNEL § 1203b.106 Use of deadly force. Deadly force...

14 CFR 1203b.106 - Use of deadly force.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Use of deadly force. 1203b.106 Section 1203b.106 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SECURITY PROGRAMS; ARREST AUTHORITY AND USE OF FORCE BY NASA SECURITY FORCE PERSONNEL § 1203b.106 Use of deadly force. Deadly force...

14 CFR 1203b.106 - Use of deadly force.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Use of deadly force. 1203b.106 Section 1203b.106 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SECURITY PROGRAMS; ARREST AUTHORITY AND USE OF FORCE BY NASA SECURITY FORCE PERSONNEL § 1203b.106 Use of deadly force. Deadly force...

14 CFR 1203b.106 - Use of deadly force.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Use of deadly force. 1203b.106 Section 1203b.106 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SECURITY PROGRAMS; ARREST AUTHORITY AND USE OF FORCE BY NASA SECURITY FORCE PERSONNEL § 1203b.106 Use of deadly force. Deadly force...

46 CFR 111.10-7 - Dead ship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Dead ship. 111.10-7 Section 111.10-7 Shipping COAST... REQUIREMENTS Power Supply § 111.10-7 Dead ship. (a) The generating plant of each self-propelled vessel must provide the electrical services necessary to start the main propulsion plant from a dead ship condition...

46 CFR 111.10-7 - Dead ship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Dead ship. 111.10-7 Section 111.10-7 Shipping COAST... REQUIREMENTS Power Supply § 111.10-7 Dead ship. (a) The generating plant of each self-propelled vessel must provide the electrical services necessary to start the main propulsion plant from a dead ship condition...

46 CFR 111.10-7 - Dead ship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Dead ship. 111.10-7 Section 111.10-7 Shipping COAST... REQUIREMENTS Power Supply § 111.10-7 Dead ship. (a) The generating plant of each self-propelled vessel must provide the electrical services necessary to start the main propulsion plant from a dead ship condition...

46 CFR 190.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 190.10-30 Section 190.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 190.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more...

46 CFR 190.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 190.10-30 Section 190.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 190.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more...

46 CFR 72.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 72.10-30 Section 72.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 72.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more than 40...

46 CFR 72.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 72.10-30 Section 72.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 72.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more than 40...

46 CFR 111.10-7 - Dead ship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Dead ship. 111.10-7 Section 111.10-7 Shipping COAST... REQUIREMENTS Power Supply § 111.10-7 Dead ship. (a) The generating plant of each self-propelled vessel must provide the electrical services necessary to start the main propulsion plant from a dead ship condition...

46 CFR 190.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 190.10-30 Section 190.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 190.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more...

46 CFR 111.10-7 - Dead ship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Dead ship. 111.10-7 Section 111.10-7 Shipping COAST... REQUIREMENTS Power Supply § 111.10-7 Dead ship. (a) The generating plant of each self-propelled vessel must provide the electrical services necessary to start the main propulsion plant from a dead ship condition...

46 CFR 72.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 72.10-30 Section 72.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 72.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more than 40...

9 CFR 325.20 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of livestock that died... other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of... transporting in commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled or diseased animals or parts of the carcasses...

9 CFR 325.20 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of livestock that died... other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of... transporting in commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled or diseased animals or parts of the carcasses...

46 CFR 190.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 190.10-30 Section 190.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 190.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more...

9 CFR 325.20 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of livestock that died... other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of... transporting in commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled or diseased animals or parts of the carcasses...

46 CFR 72.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 72.10-30 Section 72.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 72.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more than 40...

46 CFR 190.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 190.10-30 Section 190.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 190.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more...

77 FR 37733 - Technical Standard Order (TSO)-C68a, Airborne Automatic Dead Reckoning Computer Equipment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-22

..., Airborne Automatic Dead Reckoning Computer Equipment Utilizing Aircraft Heading and Doppler Ground Speed.... ACTION: Notice of intent to cancel Technical Standard Order (TSO)-C68a, Airborne automatic dead reckoning... dead reckoning computer equipment utilizing aircraft heading and Doppler ground speed and drift angle...

9 CFR 325.20 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of livestock that died... other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of... transporting in commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled or diseased animals or parts of the carcasses...

46 CFR 72.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 72.10-30 Section 72.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 72.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more than 40...

9 CFR 325.20 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of livestock that died... other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of... transporting in commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled or diseased animals or parts of the carcasses...

10 CFR 1047.7 - Use of deadly force.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Use of deadly force. 1047.7 Section 1047.7 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) LIMITED ARREST AUTHORITY AND USE OF FORCE BY PROTECTIVE FORCE OFFICERS General Provisions § 1047.7 Use of deadly force. (a) Deadly force means that force which a...

32 CFR 632.4 - Deadly force.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Deadly force. 632.4 Section 632.4 National... INVESTIGATIONS USE OF FORCE BY PERSONNEL ENGAGED IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY DUTIES § 632.4 Deadly force. (a) Deadly force is destructive physical force directed against a person or persons (e.g., firing a lethal...

Differential predation by northern squawfish Ptychocheilus oregonensis on live and dead juvenile salmonids in the Bonneville Dam tailrace (Columbia River)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Petersen, James H.; Gadomski, Dena M.; Poe, Thomas P.

1994-01-01

Juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) that have been killed or injured during dam passage may be highly vulnerable or preferred prey of predators that aggregate below dams. Salmonid loss due to predation will be overestimated using gut content analysis if some prey were dead or moribund when consumed. To examine this issue, field experiments were conducted in the Bonneville Dam tailrace (Columbia River) to compare rates of capture of live and dead juvenile salmonids by northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis). Known numbers of coded-wire-tagged live and dead chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) were released into the tailrace on six nights. Northern squawfish were collected after each release and their gut contents were examined for tags. When 50% of salmon released were dead, northern squawfish consumed 62% dead salmon. When 10% of salmon released were dead, comparable with dam passage mortality, 22% of the tags found in northern squawfish digestive tracts were from dead salmon. These results indicate that predator feeding behavior and prey condition are important considerations when estimating the impact of predation on a prey population.

Do the 'brain dead' merely appear to be alive?

PubMed

Nair-Collins, Michael; Miller, Franklin G

2017-11-01

The established view regarding 'brain death' in medicine and medical ethics is that patients determined to be dead by neurological criteria are dead in terms of a biological conception of death, not a philosophical conception of personhood, a social construction or a legal fiction. Although such individuals show apparent signs of being alive, in reality they are (biologically) dead, though this reality is masked by the intervention of medical technology. In this article, we argue that an appeal to the distinction between appearance and reality fails in defending the view that the 'brain dead' are dead. Specifically, this view relies on an inaccurate and overly simplistic account of the role of medical technology in the physiology of a 'brain dead' patient. We conclude by offering an explanation of why the conventional view on 'brain death', though mistaken, continues to be endorsed in light of its connection to organ transplantation and the dead donor rule. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Long-term outcome after bilateral lung transplantation - a retrospective study from a low-volume center experience.

PubMed

Yang, Shun-Mao; Huang, Shu-Chien; Kuo, Shuenn-Wen; Huang, Pei-Ming; Pan, Sung-Ching; Lee, Jang-Ming; Lai, Hong-Shiee; Hsu, Hsao-Hsun

2015-03-18

The aim of this study is to review the long-term outcomes of bilateral lung transplantation (BLTx) in our institution and examine the potential issues that may influence outcomes in a low-volume center. A retrospective review of BLTx performed in our institution between July 2006 and December 2012 was conducted. Standardized donor selection, procurement, and preservation protocols for brain-dead donors were applied. Measured outcomes were in-hospital mortality and actuarial survival using the Kaplan-Meier method. Twenty-five consecutive patients (13 male, 12 female) underwent BLTx with a mean age of 41.8 ± 13.5 years. Before LTx, the mean body mass index was 18.3 ± 3.1 kg/m2. Seven of these patients (28%) required oxygen supplementation at rest before LTx, while the remaining patients (72%) required noninvasive mechanical ventilation (n = 6, 24%), invasive mechanical ventilation (n = 9, 36%) or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (n = 3, 12%). The lung grafts were procured from brain-dead donors with the mean age of 26.8 ± 11.4 year and the best PaO2 / FiO2 ratio of 513 ± 77 before procurement. All cross match results between same-race donors and recipients were negative. The percentage of same-sex matching and CMV mismatching were 64% and 4%, respectively. The mean time listed on the transplant list was 308 ± 261 days. The mean ischemic time for the first and second grafts were 222 ± 62 and 361 ± 67 minutes. During transplantation, 22 (88%) patients depended on ECMO and one (4%) on cardiopulmonary bypass support. All but two patients (82%) were discharged home in good condition; two (8%) patients died within 3 months after BLTx. The cumulative survival rates at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-years were 88%, 83%, 72%, and 72%, respectively. Although the comparatively few annual LTx performed is consistent with the low donation rate, our single-center growing experience demonstrates that good post-lung transplant outcomes can be achieved at a low-volume LTx center.

The Mark of a Dying Star

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

Six hundred and fifty light-years away in the constellation Aquarius, a dead star about the size of Earth, is refusing to fade away peacefully. In death, it is spewing out massive amounts of hot gas and intense ultraviolet radiation, creating a spectacular object called a 'planetary nebula.'

In this false-color image, NASA's Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes have teamed up to capture the complex structure of the object, called the Helix nebula, in unprecedented detail. The composite picture is made up of visible data from Hubble and infrared data from Spitzer.

The dead star, called a white dwarf, can be seen at the center of the image as a white dot. All of the colorful gaseous material seen in the image was once part of the central star, but was lost in the death throes of the star on its way to becoming a white dwarf. The intense ultraviolet radiation being released by the white dwarf is heating and destabilizing the molecules in its surrounding environment, starting from the inside out.

Like an electric stovetop slowly heating up from the center first, the hottest and most unstable gas molecules can be seen at the center of the nebula as wisps of blue. The transition to more stable and cooler molecules is clearly depicted as the color of the gas changes from very hot (blue) to hot (yellow) and warm (red).

A striking feature of the Helix, first revealed by ground-based images, is its collection of thousands of filamentary structures, or strands of gas. In this image the filaments can be seen under the transparent blue gas as red lines radiating out from the center. Astronomers believe that the molecules in these filaments are able to stay cooler and more stable because dense clumps of materials are shielding them from ultraviolet radiation.

This image is a composite showing ionized H-alpha (green) and O III (blue) gases from the Hubble Space Telescope, and molecular hydrogen (red) from Spitzer observations at 4.5 and 8.0 microns.

Safety evaluation of traces of nickel and chrome in cosmetics: The case of Dead Sea mud.

PubMed

Ma'or, Ze'evi; Halicz, Ludwik; Portugal-Cohen, Meital; Russo, Matteo Zanotti; Robino, Federica; Vanhaecke, Tamara; Rogiers, Vera

2015-12-01

Metal impurities such as nickel and chrome are present in natural ingredients-containing cosmetic products. These traces are unavoidable due to the ubiquitous nature of these elements. Dead Sea mud is a popular natural ingredient of cosmetic products in which nickel and chrome residues are likely to occur. To analyze the potential systemic and local toxicity of Dead Sea mud taking into consideration Dead Sea muds' natural content of nickel and chrome. The following endpoints were evaluated: (Regulation No. 1223/20, 21/12/2009) systemic and (SCCS's Notes of Guidance) local toxicity of topical application of Dead Sea mud; health reports during the last five years of commercial marketing of Dead Sea mud. Following exposure to Dead Sea mud, MoS (margin of safety) calculations for nickel and chrome indicate no toxicological concern for systemic toxicity. Skin sensitization is also not to be expected by exposure of normal healthy skin to Dead Sea mud. Topical application, however, is not recommended for already nickel-or chrome-sensitized persons. As risk assessment of impurities present in cosmetics may be a difficult exercise, the case of Dead Sea mud is taken here as an example of a natural material that may contain traces of unavoidable metals. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Spatial pattern of land surface dead combustible fuel load in Huzhong forest area in Great Xing'an Mountains].

PubMed

Liu, Zhi-Hua; Chang, Yu; Chen, Hong-Wei; Zhou, Rui; Jing, Guo-Zhi; Zhang, Hong-Xin; Zhang, Chang-Meng

2008-03-01

By using geo-statistics and based on time-lag classification standard, a comparative study was made on the land surface dead combustible fuels in Huzhong forest area in Great Xing'an Mountains. The results indicated that the first level land surface dead combustible fuel, i. e., 1 h time-lag dead fuel, presented stronger spatial auto-correlation, with an average of 762.35 g x m(-2) and contributing to 55.54% of the total load. Its determining factors were species composition and stand age. The second and third levels land surface dead combustible fuel, i. e., 10 h and 100 h time-lag dead fuels, had a sum of 610.26 g x m(-2), and presented weaker spatial auto-correlation than 1 h time-lag dead fuel. Their determining factor was the disturbance history of forest stand. The complexity and heterogeneity of the factors determining the quality and quantity of forest land surface dead combustible fuels were the main reasons for the relatively inaccurate interpolation. However, the utilization of field survey data coupled with geo-statistics could easily and accurately interpolate the spatial pattern of forest land surface dead combustible fuel loads, and indirectly provide a practical basis for forest management.

TURBULENCE, TRANSPORT, AND WAVES IN OHMIC DEAD ZONES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gole, Daniel; Simon, Jacob B.; Armitage, Philip J.

We use local numerical simulations to study a vertically stratified accretion disk with a resistive mid-plane that damps magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. This is an idealized model for the dead zones that may be present at some radii in protoplanetary and dwarf novae disks. We vary the relative thickness of the dead and active zones to quantify how forced fluid motions in the dead zone change. We find that the residual Reynolds stress near the mid-plane decreases with increasing dead zone thickness, becoming negligible in cases where the active to dead mass ratio is less than a few percent. This impliesmore » that purely Ohmic dead zones would be vulnerable to episodic accretion outbursts via the mechanism of Martin and Lubow. We show that even thick dead zones support a large amount of kinetic energy, but this energy is largely in fluid motions that are inefficient at angular momentum transport. Confirming results from Oishi and Mac Low, the perturbed velocity field in the dead zone is dominated by an oscillatory, vertically extended circulation pattern with a low frequency compared to the orbital frequency. This disturbance has the properties predicted for the lowest order r mode in a hydrodynamic disk. We suggest that in a global disk similar excitations would lead to propagating waves, whose properties would vary with the thickness of the dead zone and the nature of the perturbations (isothermal or adiabatic). Flows with similar amplitudes would buckle settled particle layers and could reduce the efficiency of pebble accretion.« less

Respect for the dead and the ethics of anatomy.

PubMed

Wilkinson, T M

2014-04-01

Dead bodies are not persons but nor are they just things. What, ethically speaking, do the living owe the dead when it comes to using their bodies in anatomy? The article begins with the general question of respect for the dead. It distinguishes between why we should respect the dead, how we should respect them, and the weight to be given to respect. It sets out an account of the reason to respect the dead based on their interests. The article then turns to how the dead should be respected and the importance of doing so. Specifically, it considers three ethical issues in anatomy: the role of the family, the use of unclaimed bodies, and the public display of bodies donated for that purpose. This article claims that what it is to respect the dead is substantially determined by their wishes. Nonetheless the article argues that respect is consistent with allowing the family to veto anatomical use even when the deceased has consented because respect for the dead does not require following all their possible wishes. Respect is also consistent with using unclaimed bodies to which no one--deceased or family--has consented because the interests of the dead do not directly require consent and the interests of the family are unlikely to be relevant. Finally, the article does not see anything disrespectful in the public display of the bodies of those who have consented. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Survey of pediatricians' opinions on donation after cardiac death: are the donors dead?

PubMed

Joffe, Ari R; Anton, Natalie R; deCaen, Allan R

2008-11-01

There has been debate in the ethics literature as to whether the donation-after-cardiac-death donor is dead after 5 minutes of absent circulation. We set out to determine whether pediatricians consider the donation-after-cardiac-death donor as dead. A survey was mailed to all 147 pediatricians who are affiliated with the university teaching children's hospital. The survey had 4 pediatric patient scenarios in which a decision was made to donate organs after 5 minutes of absent circulation. Background information described the organ shortage, and the debate about the term "irreversibility" applied to death in donation after cardiac death. Descriptive statistics were used, with responses between groups compared by using the chi(2) statistic. The response rate was 54% (80 of 147). In each scenario, when given a patient described as dead with absent circulation for 5 minutes,

Aquatic bird disease and mortality as an indicator of changing ecosystem health

USGS Publications Warehouse

Newman, Scott H.; Chmura, Aleksei; Converse, Kathy; Kilpatrick, A. Marm; Patel, Nikkita; Lammers, Emily; Daszak, Peter

2007-01-01

We analyzed data from pathologic investigations in the United States, collected by the USGS National Wildlife Health Center between 1971 and 2005, into aquatic bird mortality events. A total of 3619 mortality events was documented for aquatic birds, involving at least 633 708 dead birds from 158 species belonging to 23 families. Environmental causes accounted for the largest proportion of mortality events (1737 or 48%) and dead birds (437 258 or 69%); these numbers increased between 1971 and 2000, with biotoxin mortalities due to botulinum intoxication (Types C and E) being the leading cause of death. Infectious diseases were the second leading cause of mortality events (20%) and dead birds (20%), with both viral diseases, including duck plague (Herpes virus), paramyxovirus of cormorants (Paramyxovirus PMV1) and West Nile virus (Flavivirus), and bacterial diseases, including avian cholera (Pasteurella multocida), chlamydiosis (Chalmydia psittici), and salmonellosis (Salmonella sp.), contributing. Pelagic, coastal marine birds and species that use marine and freshwater habitats were impacted most frequently by environmental causes of death, with biotoxin exposure, primarily botulinum toxin, resulting in mortalities of both coastal and freshwater species. Pelagic birds were impacted most severely by emaciation and starvation, which may reflect increased anthropogenic pressure on the marine habitat from over-fishing, pollution, and other factors. Our study provides important information on broad trends in aquatic bird mortality and highlights how long-term wildlife disease studies can be used to identify anthropogenic threats to wildlife conservation and ecosystem health. In particular, mortality data for the past 30 yr suggest that biotoxins, viral, and bacterial diseases could have impacted >5 million aquatic birds.

Around Marshall

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-12-01

Helen Cole, the project manager for the Lab-on-a-Chip Applications Development program, and Lisa Monaco, the project scientist for the program, insert a lab on a chip into the Caliper 42 which is specialized equipment that controls processes on commercial chips to support development of lab-on-a-chip applications. The system has special microscopes and imaging systems, so scientists can process and study different types of fluid, chemical, and medical tests conducted on chips. For example, researchers have examined fluorescent bacteria as it flows through the chips' fluid channels or microfluidic capillaries. Researchers at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama, have been studying how the lab-on-a-chip technology can be used for microbial detection, water quality monitoring, and detecting biosignatures of past or present life on Mars. The Marshall Center team is also collaborating with scientists at other NASA centers and at universities to develop custom chip designs for not only space applications, but for many Earth applications, such as for detecting deadly microbes in heating and air systems. (NASA/MSFC/D.Stoffer)

Space Technology to Device That Destroys Pathogens Such as Anthrax

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

AiroCide Ti02, an anthrax-killing air scrubber manufactured by KES Science and Technology Inc., in Kernesaw, Georgia, looks like a square metal box when it is installed on an office wall. Its fans draw in airborne spores and airflow forces them through a maze of tubes. Inside, hydroxyl radicals (OH-) attack and kill pathogens. Most remaining spores are destroyed by high-energy ultraviolet photons. Building miniature greenhouses for experiments on the International Space Station (ISS) has led to the invention of this device that annihilates anthrax-a bacteria that can be deadly when inhaled. The research enabling the invention started at the University of Wisconsin (Madison) Center for Space Automation and Robotics (WCSAR), one of 17 NASA Commercial Space Centers. A special coating technology used in the anthrax-killing invention is also being used inside WCSAR-built plant growth units on the ISS. This commercial research is managed by the Space Product Development Program at the Marshall Space Flight Center.

Around Marshall

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-02-01

Andy Jenkins, an engineer for the Lab on a Chip Applications Development program, helped build the Applications Development Unit (ADU-25), a one-of-a-kind facility for controlling and analyzing processes on chips with extreme accuracy. Pressure is used to cause fluids to travel through network of fluid pathways, or micro-channels, embossed on the chips through a process similar to the one used to print circuits on computer chips. To make customized chips for various applications, NASA has an agreement with the U.S. Army's Micro devices and Micro fabrication Laboratory at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, where NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is located. The Marshall Center team is also collaborating with scientists at other NASA centers and at universities to develop custom chip designs for many applications, such as studying how fluidic systems work in spacecraft and identifying microbes in self-contained life support systems. Chips could even be designed for use on Earth, such as for detecting deadly microbes in heating and air systems. (NASA/MSFC/D.Stoffer)

9 CFR 381.194 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died otherwise... transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died... commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry or parts of the carcasses of any...

46 CFR 190.02-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

77 FR 15712 - Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; 2012 Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Quota Specifications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-16

... information indicates an underharvest of the 2011 adjusted BFT quota. Final 2011 landings and dead discard... annual meeting, ICCAT recommended a TAC of 1,750 mt annually for 2011 and for 2012, inclusive of dead... column. Accounting for Dead Discards The United States must report BFT landings data and BFT dead discard...

9 CFR 381.194 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died otherwise... transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died... commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry or parts of the carcasses of any...

50 CFR 18.26 - Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts. 18.26 Section 18.26 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... dead marine mammal parts. (a) Any bones, teeth or ivory of any dead marine mammal may be collected from...

9 CFR 381.194 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died otherwise... transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died... commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry or parts of the carcasses of any...

9 CFR 309.3 - Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and... AND VOLUNTARY INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION ANTE-MORTEM INSPECTION § 309.3 Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock. (a) Livestock found to be dead or in a dying condition on the premises of...

46 CFR 108.801 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

76 FR 69137 - Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Fisheries

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-08

... 200 mt or more may remain unused). NMFS will need to account for 2011 BFT landings and dead discards... landings and dead discards within the total 2011 U.S. quota once the dead discard information is available, NMFS' best estimates of current dead discards and quota that will remain unused indicate that the risk...

50 CFR 18.26 - Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts. 18.26 Section 18.26 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... dead marine mammal parts. (a) Any bones, teeth or ivory of any dead marine mammal may be collected from...

The Spatial Distribution of Dead Trees across Arkansas Timberlands

Treesearch

Martin A. Spetich; James M. Guldin

1999-01-01

Abstract -- Dead trees are an important part of the forest ecosystem and their attributes have been studied at the stand scale. However, their distribution over a large region has rarely been examined. In this study, the distribution and dynamics of sound wood in dead trees and the ratio of dead to live trees across the Arkansas landscape were...

9 CFR 309.3 - Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and... AND VOLUNTARY INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION ANTE-MORTEM INSPECTION § 309.3 Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock. (a) Livestock found to be dead or in a dying condition on the premises of...

46 CFR 190.02-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

50 CFR 18.26 - Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts. 18.26 Section 18.26 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... dead marine mammal parts. (a) Any bones, teeth or ivory of any dead marine mammal may be collected from...

46 CFR 190.02-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

9 CFR 309.3 - Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and... AND VOLUNTARY INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION ANTE-MORTEM INSPECTION § 309.3 Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock. (a) Livestock found to be dead or in a dying condition on the premises of...

46 CFR 190.02-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

9 CFR 381.194 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died otherwise... transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died... commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry or parts of the carcasses of any...

9 CFR 309.3 - Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and... AND VOLUNTARY INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION ANTE-MORTEM INSPECTION § 309.3 Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock. (a) Livestock found to be dead or in a dying condition on the premises of...

9 CFR 381.194 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died otherwise... transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died... commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry or parts of the carcasses of any...

78 FR 28758 - Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; North and South Atlantic 2013 Commercial Swordfish Quotas

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-16

... February 28, 2013, and does not include an estimate of dead discards. The dead discard estimate is... until the summer of each year. However, we do not expect the final dead discard estimate to be large enough to change the total underharvest carryover. For the dead discard estimate to change the...

46 CFR 108.801 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

46 CFR 108.801 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

50 CFR 18.26 - Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts. 18.26 Section 18.26 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... dead marine mammal parts. (a) Any bones, teeth or ivory of any dead marine mammal may be collected from...

9 CFR 309.3 - Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and... AND VOLUNTARY INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION ANTE-MORTEM INSPECTION § 309.3 Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock. (a) Livestock found to be dead or in a dying condition on the premises of...

50 CFR 18.26 - Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts. 18.26 Section 18.26 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... dead marine mammal parts. (a) Any bones, teeth or ivory of any dead marine mammal may be collected from...

46 CFR 108.801 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

Standing dead tree resources in forests of the United States

Treesearch

Christopher W. Woodall; Karen L. Waddell; Christopher M. Oswalt; James E. Smith

2013-01-01

Given the importance of standing dead trees to numerous forest ecosystem attributes/ processes such as fuel loadings and wildlife habitat, the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program of the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, initiated a consistent nationwide inventory of standing dead trees in 1999. As the first cycle of annual standing dead tree...

Microclimate and habitat heterogeneity as the major drivers of beetle diversity in dead wood

Treesearch

Sebastian Seibold; Claus Bassler; Roland Brandl; Boris Buche; Alexander Szallies; Simon Thorn; Michael D. Ulyshen; Jorg Muller; Christopher Baraloto

2016-01-01

1. Resource availability and habitat heterogeneity are principle drivers of biodiversity, but their individual roles often remain unclear since both factors are usually correlated. The biodiversity of species dependent on dead wood could be driven by either resource availability represented by dead-wood amount or habitat heterogeneity characterized by dead-wood...

8 CFR 287.8 - Standards for enforcement activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... or such other entity as may be provided for in 8 CFR 287.10. (a) Use of force—(1) Non-deadly force. (i) Non-deadly force is any use of force other than that which is considered deadly force as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. (ii) Non-deadly force may be used only when a designated...

8 CFR 287.8 - Standards for enforcement activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... or such other entity as may be provided for in 8 CFR 287.10. (a) Use of force—(1) Non-deadly force. (i) Non-deadly force is any use of force other than that which is considered deadly force as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. (ii) Non-deadly force may be used only when a designated...

8 CFR 287.8 - Standards for enforcement activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... or such other entity as may be provided for in 8 CFR 287.10. (a) Use of force—(1) Non-deadly force. (i) Non-deadly force is any use of force other than that which is considered deadly force as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. (ii) Non-deadly force may be used only when a designated...

8 CFR 287.8 - Standards for enforcement activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... or such other entity as may be provided for in 8 CFR 287.10. (a) Use of force—(1) Non-deadly force. (i) Non-deadly force is any use of force other than that which is considered deadly force as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. (ii) Non-deadly force may be used only when a designated...

Continuous Indoor Positioning Fusing WiFi, Smartphone Sensors and Landmarks

PubMed Central

Deng, Zhi-An; Wang, Guofeng; Qin, Danyang; Na, Zhenyu; Cui, Yang; Chen, Juan

2016-01-01

To exploit the complementary strengths of WiFi positioning, pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR), and landmarks, we propose a novel fusion approach based on an extended Kalman filter (EKF). For WiFi positioning, unlike previous fusion approaches setting measurement noise parameters empirically, we deploy a kernel density estimation-based model to adaptively measure the related measurement noise statistics. Furthermore, a trusted area of WiFi positioning defined by fusion results of previous step and WiFi signal outlier detection are exploited to reduce computational cost and improve WiFi positioning accuracy. For PDR, we integrate a gyroscope, an accelerometer, and a magnetometer to determine the user heading based on another EKF model. To reduce accumulation error of PDR and enable continuous indoor positioning, not only the positioning results but also the heading estimations are recalibrated by indoor landmarks. Experimental results in a realistic indoor environment show that the proposed fusion approach achieves substantial positioning accuracy improvement than individual positioning approaches including PDR and WiFi positioning. PMID:27608019