KSC-99pp0937

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-07-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Neil Armstrong, former Apollo 11 astronaut, and first man to walk on the moon, talks about his experiences for an enthusiastic audience at the Apollo/Saturn V Center, part of the KSC Visitor Complex. The occasion was a banquet celebrating the 30th anniversary of the Apollo 11 launch and moon landing, July 16 and July 20, 1969. Among other guests at the banquet were astronauts Wally Schirra, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin and Walt Cunningham. Gene Cernan was the last man to walk on the moon

Sudden death of a middle-aged man with an artificial vagina in situ.

PubMed

Vidanapathirana, Muditha; Ruwanpura, Rohan P; Amararatne, Sriyantha Rrg

2016-01-01

Artificial vaginas are designed to imitate the female sex organ. This is the first reported case in the forensic literature of a man being pronounced dead with an artificial vagina in situ . A middle-aged man was found unconscious in a bathroom when the door was forced open and was pronounced dead on admission. Autopsy revealed that the penis was inside an artificial vagina. There were no injuries, but there were left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and narrow coronaries. The cause of death was ascertained as ischemic heart disease due to coronary atherosclerosis and the comments included were no evidence of violence, and ischemic heart disease could have been precipitated due to abnormal sexual activity. If removal of artificial vagina was done before the admission, this circumstance could not have ascertained. Removal of such devices before admission to hospitals could be the reason why such incidents do not come to light.

Vestibular ataxia and its measurement in man

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fregly, A. R.

1974-01-01

Methods involved in and results obtained with a new comprehensive ataxia test battery are described, and definitions of spontaneous and induced vestibular ataxia in man are given in terms of these findings. In addition, the topic of alcohol-induced ataxia in relation to labyrinth function is investigated. Items in the test battery comprise a sharpened Romberg test, in which the subject stands on the floor with eyes closed and arms folded against his chest, feet heel-to-toe, for 60 seconds; an eyes-open walking test; an eyes-open standing test; an eyes-closed standing test; an eyes-closed on-leg standing test; an eyes-closed walk a line test; an eyes-closed heel-to-toe walking test; and supplementary ataxia tests such as the classical Romberg test.

Woman wants dead fiancé's baby: who owns a dead man's sperm.

PubMed

Spriggs, M

2004-08-01

The Brisbane Supreme Court has denied an Australian woman's request to harvest and freeze her dead fiancé's sperm for future impregnation. After she was denied access to the sperm, the woman learnt that her fiancé may have been a sperm donor and she began checking to find out if his sperm was still available. Given what we know, there is a good ethical argument that the woman should have access to the sperm and should be allowed to have her dead fiancé's child. Another aspect of this case is that it illustrates the way in which ethics, law, and personal opinion can differ.

Genome analysis of Listeria ivanovii strain G770 that caused a deadly aortic prosthesis infection

PubMed Central

Beye, M.; Gouriet, F.; Michelle, C.; Casalta, J.-P.; Habib, G.; Raoult, D.; Fournier, P.-E.

2016-01-01

We sequenced the genome of Listeria ivanovii strain G770, which caused a deadly infection of the thoracic aortic prosthesis of a 78-year-old man. The 2.9 Mb genome exhibited 21 specific genes among L. ivanovii strains, including five genes encoding a type I restriction modification system and one glycopeptide resistance gene. PMID:26933501

A Clinical Framework for Functional Recovery in a Person With Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Study.

PubMed

McCain, Karen; Shearin, Staci

2017-07-01

This case study describes a task-specific training program for gait walking and functional recovery in a young man with severe chronic traumatic brain injury. The individual was a 26-year-old man 4 years post-traumatic brain injury with severe motor impairments who had not walked outside of therapy since his injury. He had received extensive gait training prior to initiation of services. His goal was to recover the ability to walk. The primary focus of the interventions was the restoration of walking. A variety of interventions were used, including locomotor treadmill training, electrical stimulation, orthoses, and specialized assistive devices. A total of 79 treatments were delivered over a period of 62 weeks. At the conclusion of therapy, the client was able to walk independently with a gait trainer for approximately 1km (over 3000 ft) and walked in the community with the assistance of his mother using a rocker bottom crutch for distances of 100m (330 ft). Specific interventions were intentionally selected in the development of the treatment plan. The program emphasized structured practice of the salient task, that is, walking, with adequate intensity and frequency. Given the chronicity of this individual's injury, the magnitude of his functional improvements was unexpected.Video Abstract available for additional insights from the Authors (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A175).

Ecological impacts and management implications of reef walking on a tropical reef flat community.

PubMed

Williamson, Jane E; Byrnes, Evan E; Clark, Jennalee A; Connolly, David M; Schiller, Sabine E; Thompson, Jessica A; Tosetto, Louise; Martinelli, Julieta C; Raoult, Vincent

2017-01-30

Continued growth of tourism has led to concerns about direct and indirect impacts on the ecology of coral reefs and ultimate sustainability of these environments under such pressure. This research assessed impacts of reef walking by tourists on a relatively pristine reef flat community associated with an 'ecoresort' on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Heavily walked areas had lower abundances of live hard coral but greater amounts of dead coral and sediment. Abundances of macroalgae were not affected between sites. Coral-associated butterflyfish were less abundant and less diverse in more trampled sites. A manipulative experiment showed handling holothurians on reef walks had lasting negative impacts. This is the first study to show potential impacts of such handling on holothurians. Ecological impacts of reef walking are weighed against sociocultural benefits of a first hand experience in nature. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Navigation in a Virtual Environment Using a Walking Interface

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-11-01

Fukusima, 1993; Mittelstaedt & Glasauer, 1991; Schmuckler, 1995). Thus, only visual information is available for navigation by dead reckoning ( Gallistel ...Washington DC: National Academy Press. Gallistel , C.R. (1990). The Organization of Learning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. lwata, H. & Matsuda, K. (1992). Haptic

Teaching Guide for Indian Literature. Volume II. Reading Level 6 and Above.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Campbell, Diana; McCarty, T. L., Ed.

The guide contains detailed suggestions for teaching 10 books about Indians to older students who read easily and are ready to be introduced to serious literature. The books are When the Legends Die; Laughing Boy; Dancehall of the Dead; The Man Who Killed The Deer; Rolling Thunder; House Made of Dawn; Yes Is Better Than No; The Man To Send Rain…

Inertial Pocket Navigation System: Unaided 3D Positioning

PubMed Central

Munoz Diaz, Estefania

2015-01-01

Inertial navigation systems use dead-reckoning to estimate the pedestrian's position. There are two types of pedestrian dead-reckoning, the strapdown algorithm and the step-and-heading approach. Unlike the strapdown algorithm, which consists of the double integration of the three orthogonal accelerometer readings, the step-and-heading approach lacks the vertical displacement estimation. We propose the first step-and-heading approach based on unaided inertial data solving 3D positioning. We present a step detector for steps up and down and a novel vertical displacement estimator. Our navigation system uses the sensor introduced in the front pocket of the trousers, a likely location of a smartphone. The proposed algorithms are based on the opening angle of the leg or pitch angle. We analyzed our step detector and compared it with the state-of-the-art, as well as our already proposed step length estimator. Lastly, we assessed our vertical displacement estimator in a real-world scenario. We found that our algorithms outperform the literature step and heading algorithms and solve 3D positioning using unaided inertial data. Additionally, we found that with the pitch angle, five activities are distinguishable: standing, sitting, walking, walking up stairs and walking down stairs. This information complements the pedestrian location and is of interest for applications, such as elderly care. PMID:25897501

Man-machine interface for the control of a lunar transport machine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ashley, Richard; Bacon, Loring; Carlton, Scott Tim; May, Mark; Moore, Jimmy; Peek, Dennis

1987-01-01

A proposed first generation human interface control panel is described which will be used to control SKITTER, a three-legged lunar walking machine. Under development at Georgia Tech, SKITTER will be a multi-purpose, un-manned vehicle capable of preparing a site for the proposed lunar base in advance of the arrival of men. This walking machine will be able to accept modular special purpose tools, such as a crane, a core sampling drill, and a digging device, among others. The project was concerned with the design of a human interface which could be used, from earth, to control the movements of SKITTER on the lunar surface. Preliminary inquiries were also made into necessary modifications required to adapt the panel to both a shirt-sleeve lunar environment and to a mobile unit which could be used by a man in a space suit at a lunar work site.

[A case of lycanthropy with deadly violence].

PubMed

Bénézech, M; De Witte, J; Etchepare, J J; Bourgeois, M

1989-01-01

After a short historical review of the contemporary medical literature, the authors analyze a new and original observation of lycanthropy. He is a 28 years old man, imprisoned for deadly violence, who has been showing, for many years, the belief of being transformed into a werewolf during depersonalization episodes when he presents a lycanthropic behaviour. Our observation is closer to hysteria and mythomania on an antisocial personality, although it seems difficult to place the mental pathology of this alcoholic recidivist delinquent into a nosographical frame.

Neil Armstrong Family Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-31

A photograph of Neil Armstrong as a young man is displayed on a table during a memorial service celebrating the life of Armstrong, Friday, Aug. 31, 2012, at the Camargo Club in Cincinnati. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

EXPERMENTAL KETOSIS IN MAN. ’ ’COLD KETOSIS’ ’ COMPARED WITH POST-EXERCISE KETOSIS AND NUTRITIONAL KETOSIS

DTIC Science & Technology

Reports that the severity of the post-exercise ketosis induced by walking is decreased by a warm environment and a negative water balance, acting...recovery temperatures were keptAT 25 C. In three different walks the temperatures were kept at 8, 25, and 8 C respectively. Ketosis was generally greater

Animating a Human Body Mesh with Maya for Doppler Signature Computer Modeling

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

three color-coded transformation tools attached to the AK47 mesh used to create the man with weapon model. Red, green, and blue correspond to the x-, y...animation scenario, the human moves in a natural walking motion cycle (figure 9). In the other two, the walking human carries an AK47 rifle in the port

Rail and Motor Outloading Capability Study, Fort Chaffee, Arkansas,

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-11-01

instructors at Fort Eustis, Virginia, indicated that, to avoid wasted man - hours, there should be no more than eight men per crew, regardless of experience...level, total men per Man has to walk to front of vehicle as guide vehicle and to straighten bridge PL’s. Delays if all vehicles not at site at loading...vehicle (Storm, rain not included in total time) MILVAN married together 6-8 Some older cars have trailer hitches which Some 20-ft semis and man crew

Dead land walking: the value of continued conservation efforts in south Florida’s imperiled pine rocklands

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Pine rocklands are deeply imperiled habitats restricted to south Florida and the Caribbean. In south Florida, more than 98% of pine rockland habitat has been destroyed in the past century (outside of Everglades National Park). Due to their proximity to human populations, management options in the re...

Armstrong, Neil Alden (1930-)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murdin, P.

2000-11-01

Astronaut, born in Auglaize County, OH, trained as a pilot (Korean War). He flew on Gemini 8 and in 1969, with Michael Collins and EDWIN ALDRIN, took Apollo 11 to the Moon. On 21 July 1969, at 02:56 GMT, Armstrong became the first man to walk on the Moon, with the famous statement, 'That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind'....

Fatal Airway Obstruction in a Man With a Cystic Hygroma.

PubMed

Wygant, Cassandra Maria; Cohle, Stephen D

2018-05-03

We describe a 24-year-old man with a cystic hygroma of the left side of the lower neck that led to sudden death. Cystic hygroma (cystic lymphangioma) is a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. The patient, who had a tracheostomy because of airway obstruction from the cystic hygroma, was found dead with his tracheostomy tube on the floor next to him. Complications of cystic hygroma include infiltration of the neck causing airway obstruction, dysphagia, pain, and obstructive sleep apnea.

Six-state phase modulation for reduced crosstalk in a fiber optic gyroscope.

PubMed

Zhang, Chunxi; Zhang, Shaobo; Pan, Xiong; Jin, Jing

2018-04-16

Electrical crosstalk in an interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope (IFOG) is regarded as the most significant factor influencing dead bands. Here, we present a six-state modulation (SSM) technique to reduce crosstalk. Compared to conventional four-state modulation (FSM) or square-wave modulation (SWM), the SSM reduces the correlation between modulation voltage and demodulation reference by separating their fundamental frequencies, and thus reduces the bias error induced by crosstalk. The measured dead band of a 1500-m IFOG is approximately 0.02 °/h using FSM and approximately 0.08 °/h using SWM, whereas there is no evidence of dead band using SSM. The IFOG using SSM also exhibits better angular random walk (ARW) and bias instability performance compared to the same IFOG using FSM or SWM. These results verify the crosstalk reduction effect of SSM. In theory, by using the relative intensity noise (RIN) suppressing technique with the optimal modulation depth of 2π/3, the SSM can eliminate the crosstalk, which offers the potential for a high-performance IFOG with low noise, high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, and no dead band.

Child's Letter to President John F. Kennedy about Physical Fitness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McNatt, Missy

2009-01-01

On March 3, 1963, nine-year-old Jack Chase of Torrance, California, wrote a letter to President John F. Kennedy. In his single-page note, featured in this article, Jack described his plans for staying physically fit. He said he would walk to school, the store, and the library "because I know a strong boy makes a strong man and a strong man makes a…

The Role of Critical Thinking in Reader Perceptions of Leadership in Comic Books

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krusemark, Renee

2015-01-01

This study qualitatively explored how readers use critical thinking to perceive leadership in "The Walking Dead" comic books. Sixty-nine participants gave responses regarding their thoughts about leadership in the comic via an online survey. A majority of the participants indicated a wide range of values for comics as a learning…

New Norcia Library Lecture: How Many Roads Must a Library Walk down?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Missingham, Roxanne

2012-01-01

Libraries have welcomed the opportunity offered in the twenty-first century to place content on the roads and channels that are now available through the Internet to provide access to our rich and diverse collections. Amidst the enormous amount of information available the great collections sometimes are "dead ends" from a reader's point…

Man in space.

PubMed

Solovjev, V A

1987-09-01

Today, more than 20 years after the first in the world man's space walk, soviet cosmonautics gained large experience of extravehicular activity (EVA). Space suits of high reliability, onboard facilities for passing through the airlock, sets of special tools and technological rigging, as well as procedures for carrying out various EVA's were developed. In the course of the Salyut-7 space station orbital operation the EVA's have become regular. The author of the report as the participant of the EVA's considers the main steps of man activities in space and analyzes specific problems arised in performing such activities.

Rail and Motor Outloading Capability Study, Fort Irwin, California,

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-05-01

INTRODUCTION A rail and motor outloading study of Fort Irwin, California, located in the Mojave Desert near Barstow, was conducted by the Military Traffic Man ...total men per Man has to walk to front of vehicle as guide es - 170 vehicle and to straighten bridge PL’s. Delays if all vehicles, not at site at...which semis. Some 20-ft semis and man crew have to be "pulled-up" into position by a on semis. Two per TOFC car. cable attached to the tractor. trucks

Reduced Gravity Walking Simulator

NASA Image and Video Library

1964-06-20

A "suited" test subject on the Reduced Gravity Walking Simulator located in the hanger at Langley Research Center. The initial version of this simulator was located inside the hanger. Later a larger version would be located at the Lunar Landing Facility. The purpose of this simulator was to study the subject while walking, jumping or running. Researchers conducted studies of various factors such as fatigue limit, energy expenditure, and speed of locomotion. Francis B. Smith wrote in "Simulators For Manned Space Research:" "The cables which support the astronaut are supported by an overhead trolley about 150 feet above the center line of the walkway and the support is arranged so that the subject is free to walk, run, jump, and perform other self-locomotive tasks in a more-or-less normal manner, even though he is constrained to move in one place." "The studies thus far show that an astronaut should have no particular difficulty in walking in a pressurized space suit on a hard lunar surface. Rather, the pace was faster and the suit was found to be more comfortable and less fatiguing under lunar "g" than under earth "g." When the test subject wished to travel hurriedly any appreciable distance, a long loping gait at about 10 feet per second was found to be most comfortable." -- Published in James R. Hansen, Spaceflight Revolution: NASA Langley Research Center From Sputnik to Apollo, (Washington: NASA, 1995), p. 377; Francis B. Smith, "Simulators For Manned Space Research," Paper for 1966 IEEE International Convention, New York, NY, March 21-25, 1966.

Responses to disasters, natural and man-made, and interventions with social supports.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-08-01

This volume focuses on the effects of a range of traumatic events: a natural disaster (Hurricane Andrew), working with the dead (dental identification of bodies following the Mt. Carmel conflagration), and the trauma attendant to the diagnosis of a l...

Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Alive in the Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Quinn, James E.

1969-01-01

Tom Stoppard's play, "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead," focuses on the antics and tragedy of two minor characters in Shakespeare's "Hamlet." Although satirical of their philosophical pretensions, the play conveys the uncertainty and confusion of its two principal characters and thus reflects modern man's dilemma. The…

Only Some Are Dead Men Walking: Teaching about Race Discrimination and the Death Penalty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bordt, Rebecca L.

2004-01-01

This paper describes an experiential learning exercise I have used to teach race discrimination in my introductory and criminology courses. The exercise is designed to introduce students to the concept of non-conscious forms of racial bias, a form of race discrimination often difficult for students to grasp. Using a hypothetical criminal case,…

Neil Armstrong Family Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-31

U.S. Navy F/A-18 jets from Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 106 and Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 34, from Naval Air Station Oceana (Va.) fly in a "Missing Man" formation over the Camargo Club following a memorial service celebrating the life of Neil Armstrong, Friday, Aug. 31, 2012, in Cincinnati. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Pietro Manni (1778-1839) and the care of the apparently dead in the Age of Positivism.

PubMed

Cascella, Marco

2016-08-01

When can a man be declared 'really dead'? Being able to determine whether an individual's life has ended or not implies two important considerations, whether we can resuscitate him and avoid premature burial, the fear of which is termed 'taphophobia'. By the end of the 18th century, several scientists were involved in the study of apparent death and resuscitation. Pietro Manni was an obstetrician who, affected by his brother's death and his inability to help him, devoted himself to the study of apparent death, which became his aim in life. His Practical handbook for the care of the apparently dead is a detailed essay on resuscitation with a precise arrangement of topics - ventilation, tracheostomy, electricity and asphyxia in newborns - organised into chapters and paragraphs that resemble current texts on resuscitation. © The Author(s) 2016.

30 CFR 18.48 - Circuit-interrupting devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... two-pole switch of the “dead-man-control” type that must be held closed by hand and will open when hand pressure is released. (e) A machine designed to operate from both trolley wire and portable cable.... Such a switch shall be designed to prevent electrical connection to the machine frame when the cable is...

30 CFR 18.48 - Circuit-interrupting devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... two-pole switch of the “dead-man-control” type that must be held closed by hand and will open when hand pressure is released. (e) A machine designed to operate from both trolley wire and portable cable.... Such a switch shall be designed to prevent electrical connection to the machine frame when the cable is...

42 CFR 84.159 - Man tests for gases and vapors; supplied-air respirators; general performance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RESEARCH AND RELATED ACTIVITIES...) Five minutes. Walking, turning head, dipping chin; and (2) Five minutes. Pumping air with a tire pump...

Statistical Sensor Fusion of a 9-DOF Mems Imu for Indoor Navigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chow, J. C. K.

2017-09-01

Sensor fusion of a MEMS IMU with a magnetometer is a popular system design, because such 9-DoF (degrees of freedom) systems are capable of achieving drift-free 3D orientation tracking. However, these systems are often vulnerable to ambient magnetic distortions and lack useful position information; in the absence of external position aiding (e.g. satellite/ultra-wideband positioning systems) the dead-reckoned position accuracy from a 9-DoF MEMS IMU deteriorates rapidly due to unmodelled errors. Positioning information is valuable in many satellite-denied geomatics applications (e.g. indoor navigation, location-based services, etc.). This paper proposes an improved 9-DoF IMU indoor pose tracking method using batch optimization. By adopting a robust in-situ user self-calibration approach to model the systematic errors of the accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer simultaneously in a tightly-coupled post-processed least-squares framework, the accuracy of the estimated trajectory from a 9-DoF MEMS IMU can be improved. Through a combination of relative magnetic measurement updates and a robust weight function, the method is able to tolerate a high level of magnetic distortions. The proposed auto-calibration method was tested in-use under various heterogeneous magnetic field conditions to mimic a person walking with the sensor in their pocket, a person checking their phone, and a person walking with a smartwatch. In these experiments, the presented algorithm improved the in-situ dead-reckoning orientation accuracy by 79.8-89.5 % and the dead-reckoned positioning accuracy by 72.9-92.8 %, thus reducing the relative positioning error from metre-level to decimetre-level after ten seconds of integration, without making assumptions about the user's dynamics.

The Man Who Would Be King

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-12-01

into the mess until I touched two boxes. I felt the blades of something that felt like a small airplane. A drone. And another and another. “Twelve of... running down the valley, chasing five men dressed in black robes.39 The five men looked white—as white as you or me. We scrambled to load the horses... run the clinic. Both mala-wrais enthusiastically agreed and the bari man said he would move into our house. “When the meeting ended, I walked with

A 27-Year-Old Man With Acute Severe Low Back Pain and Bilateral Leg Swelling That Prompted Renting a Wheelchair for Mobility.

PubMed

Williams, John G; Phan, Huy; Winston, Helena R; Fugit, Randolph V; Graney, Bridget; Jamroz, Brant; English, Benjamin; Chan, Edward D

2017-02-01

A 27-year-old man with OSA, posttraumatic stress disorder, and chronic mechanical back pain presented with a 3-day history of acute atraumatic worsening of his low back pain as well as right groin numbness that was exacerbated by walking. He also complained of bilateral leg "heaviness," pain, and swelling, all becoming so severe that he rented a wheelchair for mobility. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Attraction of ambrosia and bark beetles to coast live oaks infected by Phytophthora ramorum

Treesearch

Brice A. McPherson; Nadir Erbilgin; David L. Wood; Pavel Svihra; Andrew J. Storer; Richard B. Standiford

2008-01-01

Sudden oak death, caused by Phytophthora ramorum (Werres, de Cock & Man in?t Veld), has killed thousands of oaks (Quercus spp.) in coastal California forests since the mid-1990s. Bark and ambrosia beetles that normally colonize dead or severely weakened trees selectively tunnel into the bleeding cankers that are the first...

STS-97 (4A) EVA training in NBL pool

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-23

JSC2000-07082 (October 2000)--- Wearing a training version of the shuttle extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) space suit, astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-97 mission specialist, simulates a space walk underwater in the giant Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL). Tanner was there, along with astronaut Carlos I. Noriega, to rehearse one of three scheduled space walks to make additions to the International Space Station (ISS). The five-man crew in early December will deliver the P6 Integrated Truss Segment, which includes the first US Solar arrays and a power distribution system.

Accidental hanging by a T-shirt collar in a man with morphine intoxication: an unusual case.

PubMed

Kodikara, Sarathchandra; Alagiyawanna, Ramesh

2011-09-01

Accidental hanging is rare across all age groups, and it is even rarer in the adult population except in autoerotic asphyxia. Few cases have been reported in the literature, which describe unusual patterns of accidental hanging. This article focuses on an unusual pattern of accidental hanging of a 25-year-old man, who was in a state of morphine-induced central nervous system depression and found dead in a sitting position with the collar of his T-shirt hanging off a jutting-out root of a tree. The hanged collar acted as a ligature compressing the neck.

Barchan Pac-Man

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-05-14

This image from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter shows barchan sand dunes, common on Mars and often forming vast dune fields within very large (tens to hundreds of kilometers) impact basins. The regions upwind of barchans are usually devoid of sandy bedforms, so if you were walking in a downwind direction, then the barchans would seem to appear out of nowhere. As you walk downwind, you would notice the barchans link up ("joining arms") and eventually slope into featureless sand sheets. We call this progression of dunes a "Herschel-type dune field" named after the first place this sequence was described: Herschel Crater. But here is something interesting: a barchan dune filling the upwind portion of a small impact crater in a Pac-Man-like shape. This "dune-in-a-crater" is nearly at the highest extent of the field. It is also probably a rare configuration, and over the next few tens of thousands of years the sand will be blown out of the crater. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA22456

Coco Nut Meets the Gadget Maker. Volume 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomson, P.

The adventures of Coco Nut, a coconut which has fallen from a palm tree in Florida, are illustrated in this booklet for elementary school students. His fall into a canal and ensuing encounters with dead and alive fish and a gadget maker (industry) are used to portray the effects of water pollution. What man can do to stop such pollution and…

A Robust Step Detection Algorithm and Walking Distance Estimation Based on Daily Wrist Activity Recognition Using a Smart Band.

PubMed

Trong Bui, Duong; Nguyen, Nhan Duc; Jeong, Gu-Min

2018-06-25

Human activity recognition and pedestrian dead reckoning are an interesting field because of their importance utilities in daily life healthcare. Currently, these fields are facing many challenges, one of which is the lack of a robust algorithm with high performance. This paper proposes a new method to implement a robust step detection and adaptive distance estimation algorithm based on the classification of five daily wrist activities during walking at various speeds using a smart band. The key idea is that the non-parametric adaptive distance estimator is performed after two activity classifiers and a robust step detector. In this study, two classifiers perform two phases of recognizing five wrist activities during walking. Then, a robust step detection algorithm, which is integrated with an adaptive threshold, peak and valley correction algorithm, is applied to the classified activities to detect the walking steps. In addition, the misclassification activities are fed back to the previous layer. Finally, three adaptive distance estimators, which are based on a non-parametric model of the average walking speed, calculate the length of each strike. The experimental results show that the average classification accuracy is about 99%, and the accuracy of the step detection is 98.7%. The error of the estimated distance is 2.2⁻4.2% depending on the type of wrist activities.

Steps to the moon

USGS Publications Warehouse

,; Dale, Alvin E.

1976-01-01

On July 20, 1969, man walked on the surface of the Moon and began a new chapter of his studies that will eventually disclose the geologic nature of the Earth's nearest neighbor. Although he has finally reached the Moon and sampled its substance, much work and study remain before he will know the full scientific significance of the first landing. This booklet briefly summarizes the steps man has taken to understand the Moon and what he thinks he has learned to date as a result of his centuries-long speculations and studies.

The features of Gait Exercise Assist Robot: Precise assist control and enriched feedback.

PubMed

Hirano, Satoshi; Saitoh, Eiichi; Tanabe, Shigeo; Tanikawa, Hiroki; Sasaki, Shinya; Kato, Daisuke; Kagaya, Hitoshi; Itoh, Norihide; Konosu, Hitoshi

2017-01-01

In a patient with severe hemiplegia, the risk of the knee giving way is high during the early stage of gait exercise with an ankle-foot orthosis. However, use of a knee-ankle-foot orthosis has many problems such as large amount of assistance and compensatory motions. To resolve these problems, we have engaged in the development of the Gait Exercise Assist Robot (GEAR). To evaluate the improvement efficiency of walk with GEAR in a stroke patient. The subject was a 70-year-old man presented with left thalamus hemorrhage and right hemiplegia. The patient underwent exercise with the GEAR 5 days a week, for 40 minutes per day. We evaluated the Functional Independence Measure score for walk (FIM-walk score) every week. The control group consisted of 15 patients aged 20-75 years with hemiplegia after primary stroke, who had equivalent walking ability with the subject at start. As the primary outcome, we defined improvement efficiency of FIM-walk, which was gain of FIM-walk divided the number of required weeks. Improvement efficiency of FIM-walk of the subject was 1.5, while that of control group was 0.48±3.2 (mean±SD). GEAR is potentially useful for gait exercise in hemiplegic patients.

Out of the body: embodiment and its vicissitudes.

PubMed

Connolly, Angela

2013-11-01

Body-mind dualism and the consequent neglect of the body of the analyst can have important negative effects on the analytical process leading all too often to misinterpretations of the analysand's verbal and non-verbal communications and to disturbances of analytical temporality. This is intensified when we are dealing with individuals where disembodiment and states of psychic deadness are central features. The paper explores the philosophical roots of the idea of a disembodied mind and the way in which this impacts our relationship with the world. While André Green's concept of the dead mother and disturbances in the sense of self-agency have been held to play an important role in states of psychic deadness, I suggest that it is rather disturbances in the sense of body ownership and of the body image which are more central. The paper then discusses the particular kinds of countertransference that can be evoked in the analyst when we find ourselves dealing with this type of patient and suggests how we can use our embodied countertransference to become aware of and elaborate our own feelings of deadness in order to overcome the loss of temporality that is characteristic of such states. This is illustrated with reference to my work with a young man with a masochistic perversion and a severe disturbance of the body image with an accompanying profound sense of psychic deadness. © 2013, The Society of Analytical Psychology.

[Jaundice after Herbage Walking Tour of a 44 Year Old Man].

PubMed

Sawatzki, Mikael; Haller, Christoph; Henz, Samuel

2015-06-03

We report about a 44-year old patient with severe acute hepatitis E after herbage walking-to ur. Transmission occurred with ingestion of contaminated herbs. Symptoms were jaundice, dark urine, rheumatic pains and distinctive fatigue. We could document a benign self-limiting course under regular clinical controls. Hepatitis Eisa worldwide common cause for acute hepatitis with jaundice. In Switzerland contamination of this autochthonic infection is aquired by consumption of pork and venison (seroprevalence up to 22%). Infection can be without symptoms but also can result in acute liver failure. Extrahepatic symptoms are not uncommon.

Automatic feedback to promote safe walking and speech loudness control in persons with multiple disabilities: two single-case studies.

PubMed

Lancioni, Giulio E; Singh, Nirbhay N; O'Reilly, Mark F; Green, Vanessa A; Alberti, Gloria; Boccasini, Adele; Smaldone, Angela; Oliva, Doretta; Bosco, Andrea

2014-08-01

Assessing automatic feedback technologies to promote safe travel and speech loudness control in two men with multiple disabilities, respectively. The men were involved in two single-case studies. In Study I, the technology involved a microprocessor, two photocells, and a verbal feedback device. The man received verbal alerting/feedback when the photocells spotted an obstacle in front of him. In Study II, the technology involved a sound-detecting unit connected to a throat and an airborne microphone, and to a vibration device. Vibration occurred when the man's speech loudness exceeded a preset level. The man included in Study I succeeded in using the automatic feedback in substitution of caregivers' alerting/feedback for safe travel. The man of Study II used the automatic feedback to successfully reduce his speech loudness. Automatic feedback can be highly effective in helping persons with multiple disabilities improve their travel and speech performance.

Google Moon Press Conference

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-19

Buzz Aldrin, the second man to walk on the moon, speaks during a press conference, Monday, July 20, 2009, announcing the launch of Moon in Google Earth, an immersive 3D atlas of the Moon, accessible within Google Earth 5.0, Monday, July 20, 2009, at the Newseum in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Armstrong Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-09-13

Musician Diana Krall sings ""Fly Me to the Moon" during a memorial service celebrating the life of Neil Armstrong at the Washington National Cathedral, Thursday, Sept. 13, 2012. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Armstrong Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-09-13

Former Secretary of the Treasury John Snow speaks during a memorial service celebrating the life of Neil Armstrong at the Washington National Cathedral, Thursday, Sept. 13, 2012. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

"I'm Not Dead Yet": A Comparative Study of Indigenous Language Revitalization in the Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Gary N.; Johnson, Henry; Sallabank, Julia

2015-01-01

At the outset of the twenty-first century, the survival of many minority and indigenous languages is threatened by globalization and the ubiquity of dominant languages such as English in the worlds of communication and commerce. In a number of cases, these negative trends are being resisted by grassroots activists and governments. Indeed, there…

A History of Rape in American Society Prior to 1900.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crossman, Leslie

By tracing the concept of rape as it has been defined by man in the earliest laws, it is evident that the criminal act was viewed with horror, and the deadly punishments that were seen fit to apply had little to do with an actual act of sexual violence that a woman might sustain. The past records indicate a gradual decrease in the prosecution rate…

Mass march of termites into the deadly trap.

PubMed

Merbach, Marlis A; Merbach, Dennis J; Maschwitz, Ulrich; Booth, Webber E; Fiala, Brigitte; Zizka, Georg

2002-01-03

Carnivorous pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes are not usually very selective about their prey, catching anything that is careless enough to walk on their slippery peristome, but Nepenthes albomarginata is an exception. We show here that this plant uses a fringe of edible white hairs to lure and then trap its prey, which consists exclusively of termites in enormous numbers. This singular feature accounts for the specialization of N. albomarginata for one prey taxon, unique so far among carnivorous plants.

Multilevel lumbar fusion and postoperative physiotherapy rehabilitation in a patient with persistent pain.

PubMed

Pons, Tracey; Shipton, Edward A

2011-04-01

There are no comparative randomised controlled trials of physiotherapy modalities for chronic low back and radicular pain associated with multilevel fusion. Physiotherapy-based rehabilitation to control pain and improve activation levels for persistent pain following multilevel fusion can be challenging. This is a case report of a 68-year-old man who was referred for physiotherapy intervention 10 months after a multilevel spinal fusion for spinal stenosis. He reported high levels of persistent postoperative pain with minimal activity as a consequence of his pain following the surgery. The physiotherapy interventions consisted of three phases of rehabilitation starting with pool exercise that progressed to land-based walking. These were all combined with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) that was used consistently for up to 8 hours per day. As outcome measures, daily pain levels and walking distances were charted once the pool programme was completed (in the third phase). Phase progression was determined by shuttle test results. The pain level was correlated with the distance walked using linear regression over a 5-day average. Over a 5-day moving average, the pain level reduced and walking distance increased. The chart of recorded pain level and walking distance showed a trend toward decreased pain with the increased distance walked. In a patient undergoing multilevel lumbar fusion, the combined use of TENS and a progressive walking programme (from pool to land) reduced pain and increased walking distance. This improvement was despite poor medication compliance and a reported high level of postsurgical pain.

Detection of viable Salmonella in ice cream by TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assay combining propidium monoazide.

PubMed

Wang, Yuexia; Yang, Ming; Liu, Shuchun; Chen, Wanyi; Suo, Biao

2015-09-01

Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows rapid detection of Salmonella in frozen dairy products, but it might cause a false positive detection result because it might amplify DNA from dead target cells as well. In this study, Salmonella-free frozen ice cream was initially inoculated with heat-killed Salmonella Typhimurium cells and stored at -18°C. Bacterial DNA extracted from the sample was amplified using TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR targeting the invA gene. Our results indicated that DNA from the dead cells remained stable in frozen ice cream for at least 20 days, and could produce fluorescence signal for real-time PCR as well. To overcome this limitation, propidium monoazide (PMA) was combined with real-time PCR. PMA treatment can effectively prevent PCR amplification from heat-killed Salmonella cells in frozen ice cream. The PMA real-time PCR assay can selectively detect viable Salmonella at as low as 10 3  CFU/mL. Combining 18 hours of pre-enrichment with the assay allows for the detection of viable Salmonella at 10 0  CFU/mL and avoiding the false-positive result of dead cells. The PMA real-time PCR assay provides an alternative specifically for detection of viable Salmonella in ice cream. However, when the PMA real-time PCR assay was evaluated in ice cream subjected to frozen storage, it obviously underestimated the contamination situation of viable Salmonella, which might lead to a false negative result. According to this result, the use of enrichment prior to PMA real-time PCR analysis remains as the more appropriate approach. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Reproductive indices in natural nests of giant Amazon river turtles Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) (Testudines, Podocnemididae) in the Environmental Protection Area Meanders of the Araguaia River.

PubMed

Alves-Júnior, J R F; Lustosa, A P G; Bosso, A C S; Balestra, R A M; Bastos, L F; Miranda, L B; Santos, A L Q

2012-02-01

A count was made of unhatched eggs and hatchling live and dead Podocnemis expansa turtles in 327 natural nests located on the beaches of the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) Meanders of the Araguaia River, to determine the percentage of hatching (94.63%), non-hatching (5.37%), survival (94.24%) and hatchling mortality (5.76%), and the average percentage of dead hatchlings during the 15 days in the nursery (0.97%). The mean number of hatchlings per nest was determined from the sum of the number of live and dead hatchlings divided by the total number of nests, while the mean number of eggs per nest was determined from the sum of live and dead hatchlings and unhatched eggs divided by the number of nests. These calculations yielded the following mean values: live hatchlings (88.98 ± 23.94), dead hatchlings (0.37 ± 0.93), unhatched eggs (5.07 ± 9.57), and total number of eggs (94.42 ± 21.30). The reproductive efficiency of the wild population of P. expansa can be affected by many environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and rainfall. In addition, man-made factors like the presence of chemicals in the water and the potential for infectious disease also have significant impact. The reproductive indices data obtained from this study are indispensable for future investigations of hatching anomalies.

Exoskeleton Training May Improve Level of Physical Activity After Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Series.

PubMed

Gorgey, Ashraf S; Wade, Rodney; Sumrell, Ryan; Villadelgado, Lynette; Khalil, Refka E; Lavis, Timothy

2017-01-01

Objectives: To determine whether the use of a powered exoskeleton can improve parameters of physical activity as determined by walking time, stand up time, and number of steps in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: Three men with complete (1 C5 AIS A and 2 T4 AIS A) and one man with incomplete (C5 AIS D) SCI participated in a clinical rehabilitation program. In the training program, the participants walked once weekly using a powered exoskeleton (Ekso) for approximately 1 hour over the course of 10 to 15 weeks. Walking time, stand up time, ratio of walking to stand up time, and number of steps were determined. Oxygen uptake (L/min), energy expenditure, and body composition were measured in one participant after training. Results: Over the course of 10 to 15 weeks, the maximum walking time increased from 12 to 57 minutes and the number of steps increased from 59 to 2,284 steps. At the end of the training, the 4 participants were able to exercise for 26 to 59 minutes. For one participant, oxygen uptake increased from 0.27 L/min during rest to 0.55 L/min during walking. Maximum walking speed was 0.24 m/s, and delta energy expenditure increased by 1.4 kcal/min during walking. Body composition showed a modest decrease in absolute fat mass in one participant. Conclusion: Exoskeleton training may improve parameters of physical activity after SCI by increasing the number of steps and walking time. Other benefits may include increasing energy expenditure and improving the profile of body composition.

Google Moon Press Conference

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-19

Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin, the second man to walk on the Moon, speaks during a press conference, Monday, July 20, 2009, announcing the launch of Moon in Google Earth, an immersive 3D atlas of the Moon, accessible within Google Earth 5.0, Monday, July 20, 2009, at the Newseum in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Astronaut John Glenn - Crew Quarters - Prelaunch - Cape

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-02-20

S62-00377 (20 Feb. 1962) --- Astronaut John H. Glenn Jr., walking out of building with Dr. William K. Douglas (to Glenn's left), and Joe W. Schmitt, NASA's suit technician (in front of Dr. Douglas). This Mercury Atlas 6 (MA-6) ?Friendship 7? flight marks America's first manned Earth-orbiting spaceflight. Photo credit: NASA

Armstrong Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-09-13

Members of the Cathedral Choirsters sing "For the Beauty of the Earth" during a memorial service celebrating the life of Neil Armstrong at the Washington National Cathedral, Thursday, Sept. 13, 2012. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit:(NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Armstrong Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-09-13

John H. Dalton, former United States Secretary of the Navy, delivers the Reading during a memorial service celebrating the life of Neil Armstrong at the Washington National Cathedral, Thursday, Sept. 13, 2012. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Neil Armstrong Family Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-31

Piper Van Wagenen, one of Neil Armstrong's 10 grandchildren, speaks during a memorial service celebrating the life of her grandfather, Friday, Aug. 31, 2012, at the Camargo Club in Cincinnati. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Neil Armstrong Family Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-31

U.S. Sen. Rob Portman, R-Ohio, speaks during a memorial service celebrating the life of Neil Armstrong, Friday, Aug. 31, 2012, at the Camargo Club in Cincinnati. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Neil Armstrong Family Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-31

Sen. John Glenn and his wife Annie listen during a memorial service celebrating the life of Neil Armstrong, Friday, Aug. 31, 2012, at the Camargo Club in Cincinnati. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Neil Armstrong Family Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-31

Eric "Rick" Armstrong, son of Neil Armstrong, speaks during a memorial service celebrating the life of his father, Friday, Aug. 31, 2012, at the Camargo Club in Cincinnati. Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Neil Armstrong Family Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-31

A memorial tribute from the Smithsonian is seen at the entrance of a private memorial service celebrating the life of Neil Armstrong, Aug. 31, 2012, at the Camargo Club in Cincinnati. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Neil Armstrong Family Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-31

Apollo 11 Astronauts Michael Collins, left, and Buzz Aldrin talk at a private memorial service celebrating the life of Neil Armstrong, Aug. 31, 2012, at the Camargo Club in Cincinnati. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Neil Armstrong Family Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-31

The Hamilton Co. (OH) Sheriff’s Office bagpipe corps concludes the memorial service celebrating the life of Neil Armstrong, Friday, Aug. 31, 2012, at the Camargo Club in Cincinnati. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Neil Armstrong Family Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-31

Businessman and friend of Neil Armstrong, Charles Mechem, speaks during a memorial service celebrating the life of Armstrong, Friday, Aug. 31, 2012, at the Camargo Club in Cincinnati. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Neil Armstrong Family Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-31

Mark Armstrong, son of Neil Armstrong, speaks during a memorial service celebrating the life of his father, Friday, Aug. 31, 2012, at the Camargo Club in Cincinnati. Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Water-quality variations in Antelope Creek and Deadmans Run, Lincoln, Nebraska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pettijohn, R.A.; Engberg, R.A.

1985-01-01

Eleven sets of samples from five sites on Antelope Creek and Dead Man 's Run in Lincoln, Nebraska, were collected from December 1982 through June 1983 to study water-quality variations. Specific-conductance values generally were similar for Antelope Creek at 52nd Street and 27th Street, but during a low-flow survey of December 1 they increased from 974 to 8,700 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 C from 27th Street to Court Street. Seepage of saline water from underlying bedrock to the stream occurs in this reach. Specific-conductance values were less variable for Dead Man 's Run, increasing an average of only 47 percent from 66th Street to U.S. Highway 6. Specific-conductance values were less at high flows in Antelope Creek, except in samples collected on January 6, 1983, which contained runoff from salted streets. Sodium and chloride concentrations in these samples were from 5 to 10 times greater than those measured in any other samples. Stray-current corrosion occurs when current flows between dissimilar metals. Zinc-coated wire of channel-stabilization structures (gabions) may be an anode and material within the stream banks may be a cathode. Dissolution of the zinc coating by this type of corrosion may be a cause for gabion deterioration in both streams. (USGS)

The dead spot phenomenon in prosthetic gait: Quantified with an analysis of center of pressure progression and its velocity in the sagittal plane.

PubMed

Klenow, Tyler D; Kahle, Jason T; Highsmith, M Jason

2016-10-01

The "dead spot" phenomenon in prosthetics is a disruption in forward progression observed in the rearfoot of passive prosthetic foot-ankle systems which results in a compensatory and inefficient gait pattern by amputees. A metric to quantify the dead spot as a kinetic event has not yet been introduced. The present study implements a three-part metric to evaluate the dead spot in terms of time, magnitude, and total area using center of pressure velocity and a novel threshold value calculation. The metrics are implemented for proof of efficacy using a convenient sample of four amputees (2 transtibial, 2 transfemoral) who walked in a 3D motion capture system with integrated force plates over five foot conditions. "Continuous-lever" feet designs showed the most favorable metric results between subjects (p<0.05) and in an ad hoc analysis compared to an ideal foot condition within subjects (p>0.05). Ten of 18 (55.6%) foot conditions found to be similar to the ideal were continuous-lever feet. Lack of significant similarity between the feet and ideal conditions (1 of 18, 5.6%) were found in transfemoral subjects. The metric calculations were able to show statistical difference among foot conditions between subjects. One foot (continuous-lever, glass composite) had no detectable dead spot in the transtibial subjects. The lack of significant findings in transfemoral subjects indicates a different coefficient in threshold calculations may be more appropriate for these subjects versus transtibial subjects. Further research with larger sample is needed to determine clinically significant findings among feet and between transtibial and transfemoral subjects. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

[Association between walking time and perception of built environment among urban adults in Hangzhou].

PubMed

Liu, Qingmin; Ren, Yanjun; Cao, Chengjian; Su, Meng; Lyu, Jun; Li, Liming

2015-10-01

To explore the association between walking time and the perception of built environment among local adults in Hangzhou. Through multistage stratified random sampling, a total of 1 440 urban residents aged 25-59 years were surveyed in Hangzhou by face-to face interview in 2012. The international physical activity questionnaire-long version (IPAQ-L) was used to assess the physical activity levels, including walking time in the past week. Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale-Abbreviated (NEWS-A) was used to obtain information about their perception of built environment. Multiple logistic regression was applied to estimate the relationship between waking and the perception of built environment. Among the local adults in Hangzhou, the median of total physical activity was 2 766 met·min⁻¹·week⁻¹, the average walking time per week was 90 min for leisure and 100 min for transportation respectively. After controlling the age, marital status, BMI, educational level, employment, community type and the total PA scores, the leisure-time walking was negatively related to the accessibility to stores, facilities and other things for both man (OR=0.764, 95% CI: 0.588-0.992) and woman (OR=0.633, 95% CI: 0.481-0.833). In sex specific analysis, the leisure-time walking was negatively related with the residential density (OR=0.997, 95% CI: 0.996-0.999) while transportation related walking was positively related with walking/cycling way scores (OR=1.537, 95% CI: 1.138-2.075) in females. In contrast, there were no significant associations between perception of built environment and transportation related walking in males. Improving the built environment, such as the walking/cycling way, might be useful to increase the transportation related walking time for adults. The sex specific differences need to be considered in the environment intervention for walking promotion.

A mechanized gait trainer for restoring gait in nonambulatory subjects.

PubMed

Hesse, S; Uhlenbrock, D; Werner, C; Bardeleben, A

2000-09-01

To construct an advanced mechanized gait trainer to enable patients the repetitive practice of a gaitlike movement without overstraining therapists. DEVICE: Prototype gait trainer that simulates the phases of gait (by generating a ratio of 40% to 60% between swing and stance phases), supports the subjects according to their ability (lifts the foot during swing phase), and controls the center of mass in the vertical and horizontal directions. Two nonambulatory, hemiparetic patients who regained their walking ability after 4 weeks of daily training on the gait trainer, a 55-year-old woman and a 62-year-old man, both of whom had a first-time ischemic stroke. Four weeks of training, five times a week, each session 20 minutes long. Functional ambulation category (FAC, levels 0-5) to assess gait ability and ground level walking velocity. Rivermead motor assessment score (RMAS, 0-13) to assess gross motor function. Patient 1: At the end of treatment, she was able to walk independently on level ground with use of a walking stick. Her walking velocity had improved from .29m/sec to .59m/sec. Her RMAS score increased from 4 to 10, meaning she could walk at least 40 meters outside, pick up objects from floor, and climb stairs independently. Patient 2: At end of 4-week training, he could walk independently on even surfaces (FAC level 4), using an ankle-foot orthosis and a walking stick. His walking velocity improved from .14m/sec to .63m/sec. His RMAS increased from 3 to 10. The gait trainer enabled severely affected patients the repetitive practice of a gaitlike movement. Future studies may elucidate its value in gait rehabilitation of nonambulatory subjects.

Exoskeleton Training May Improve Level of Physical Activity After Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Series

PubMed Central

Wade, Rodney; Sumrell, Ryan; Villadelgado, Lynette; Khalil, Refka E.; Lavis, Timothy

2017-01-01

Objectives: To determine whether the use of a powered exoskeleton can improve parameters of physical activity as determined by walking time, stand up time, and number of steps in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: Three men with complete (1 C5 AIS A and 2 T4 AIS A) and one man with incomplete (C5 AIS D) SCI participated in a clinical rehabilitation program. In the training program, the participants walked once weekly using a powered exoskeleton (Ekso) for approximately 1 hour over the course of 10 to 15 weeks. Walking time, stand up time, ratio of walking to stand up time, and number of steps were determined. Oxygen uptake (L/min), energy expenditure, and body composition were measured in one participant after training. Results: Over the course of 10 to 15 weeks, the maximum walking time increased from 12 to 57 minutes and the number of steps increased from 59 to 2,284 steps. At the end of the training, the 4 participants were able to exercise for 26 to 59 minutes. For one participant, oxygen uptake increased from 0.27 L/min during rest to 0.55 L/min during walking. Maximum walking speed was 0.24 m/s, and delta energy expenditure increased by 1.4 kcal/min during walking. Body composition showed a modest decrease in absolute fat mass in one participant. Conclusion: Exoskeleton training may improve parameters of physical activity after SCI by increasing the number of steps and walking time. Other benefits may include increasing energy expenditure and improving the profile of body composition. PMID:29339900

Predictive simulation of gait at low gravity reveals skipping as the preferred locomotion strategy

PubMed Central

Ackermann, Marko; van den Bogert, Antonie J.

2012-01-01

The investigation of gait strategies at low gravity environments gained momentum recently as manned missions to the Moon and to Mars are reconsidered. Although reports by astronauts of the Apollo missions indicate alternative gait strategies might be favored on the Moon, computational simulations and experimental investigations have been almost exclusively limited to the study of either walking or running, the locomotion modes preferred under Earth's gravity. In order to investigate the gait strategies likely to be favored at low gravity a series of predictive, computational simulations of gait are performed using a physiological model of the musculoskeletal system, without assuming any particular type of gait. A computationally efficient optimization strategy is utilized allowing for multiple simulations. The results reveal skipping as more efficient and less fatiguing than walking or running and suggest the existence of a walk-skip rather than a walk-run transition at low gravity. The results are expected to serve as a background to the design of experimental investigations of gait under simulated low gravity. PMID:22365845

Predictive simulation of gait at low gravity reveals skipping as the preferred locomotion strategy.

PubMed

Ackermann, Marko; van den Bogert, Antonie J

2012-04-30

The investigation of gait strategies at low gravity environments gained momentum recently as manned missions to the Moon and to Mars are reconsidered. Although reports by astronauts of the Apollo missions indicate alternative gait strategies might be favored on the Moon, computational simulations and experimental investigations have been almost exclusively limited to the study of either walking or running, the locomotion modes preferred under Earth's gravity. In order to investigate the gait strategies likely to be favored at low gravity a series of predictive, computational simulations of gait are performed using a physiological model of the musculoskeletal system, without assuming any particular type of gait. A computationally efficient optimization strategy is utilized allowing for multiple simulations. The results reveal skipping as more efficient and less fatiguing than walking or running and suggest the existence of a walk-skip rather than a walk-run transition at low gravity. The results are expected to serve as a background to the design of experimental investigations of gait under simulated low gravity. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Manned Penetrating Bomber: Time to Reconsider

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

choice: spend billions on nuclear weapons we no longer need or fund programs that educate our children and help find cures to deadly diseases. The...security of our nation’s future will be ensured by investing in education not nuclear annihilation…We need to stop pouring billions into the nuclear...event.61 Unfortunately, the president’s reaction to the launch received negative reviews from the general public. On a comical side note, the whole

Speak Out: Tupac Shakur

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Angela Christin

2015-01-01

Once man understands the social environment which surrounds him, it will determine the ground on which he walks. It is in how we judge others that we perceive our own identities. It is from how we judge others that a level of structure is made. From an organizational climate, permeates a class structure, which may then develop into a community. It…

Armstrong Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-09-13

Former U.S. Sen. John Glenn, left, and musician Diana Krall bow there heads in prayer during a memorial service celebrating the life of Neil Armstrong, Thursday, Sept. 13, 2012, at the Washington National Cathedral. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Neil Armstrong Family Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-31

Piper Van Wagenen, one of Neil Armstrong's 10 grandchildren, is seen during preparation of a memorial service celebrating the life of Neil Armstrong, Friday, Aug. 31, 2012, at the Camargo Club in Cincinnati. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

On PMWs and two-stroke engines.

PubMed Central

Bell, W.; Yassi, A.; Cole, D. C.

1998-01-01

On Saturday, August 24, 1996, a 40-year-old man from Edmonton was riding a personal motorized watercraft (PMW, a Seadoo or Jet Ski type of machine) on Shuswap Lake, in south-central British Columbia. He was approximately 200 m offshore. The man motioned to his sister, who was riding another PMW, to follow him across the lake. She did so, but as the turned her head to check for other boat traffic, her brother suddenly slowed down and her machine rode right up on his back, crushing him against his handlebars. His sister, a nurse, held her brother's head above water until help arrived but, 48 minutes after the moment of impact, he was pronounced dead at the Shuswap Lake General Hospital. He had suffered a ruptured aorta. PMID:9789655

Studies in Intelligence. Journal of the American Intelligence Professional. Volume 53, No. 4, December 2009

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

particular East Ger- man, the Soviets injected their campaign with an energy even they may not have expected. ember 2009)The rest of this story is...21 The Creation and Perpetuation of a Myth deadly diseases that have no cure; see House Com- mittee on Energy and Commerce, Germs, Viruses and...Solihull, West Midlands, UK: Helion & Company Ltd, 2002), 201. 11. Part XXXIX, Transmissions. “American Mission with the Commanding General, Allied

Beating the macroscopic quantum tunneling limit by man-made magnetic dead layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Ji; Chen, Kezheng

2018-05-01

Magnetic dead layers (MDLs) are always undesirable in practical applications due to their highly frustrated spin configurations and severe degradation of host magnetism. Here we provide new insights in MDLs and unravel their attractive prospect for ferrimagnetic hybrid of Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3 (denoted as Fe3O4@γ-Fe2O3 in the main text) to exhibit macroscopic quantum tunneling (MQT) phenomena in measureable kelvin range. The 3 nm-sized negatively-charged Fe3O4@γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were immersed in various metal chloride solutions containing Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, and Fe2+ cations to form cationic MDLs via electrostatic attraction. These man-made MDLs, if being of positive enough zeta potentials, greatly disordered the magnetic dipole interactions among Fe3O4@γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and induce extra energy barrier to yield pronounced MQT effect in Fe3O4@γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles even though they were dispersed neither in water nor in oil. Their crossover temperatures dividing MQT and purely thermal relaxation were found to be one order of magnitude higher than reported values in other MQT systems, and more strikingly, they could be tailored by altering the soak period in our facile and scalable route.

Man and Running. Russia's Best-Selling Book on Exercise, Health, and Medicine. A Worldwide Literature Search.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Volkov, Vladimir M.; Milner, Evgeny G.

This book attempts to systematize and generalize the data of world literature concerning the advantages of fast walking and slow running for persons with various cardiovascular diseases. The information and the fitness program outlined are based on experience and research conducted at the Nadezha Health Club in Smolensk, Russia. Major risk factors…

Armstrong Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-09-13

Apollo 11 command module pilot Michael Collins is framed by the upraised Bible held by the Rev. Gina Gilland Campbell during a memorial service celebrating the life of Neil Armstrong at the Washington National Cathedral, Thursday, Sept. 13, 2012. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Neil Armstrong Family Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-31

Apollo 11 Astronauts Michael Collins, left, NASA Deputy Administrator Lori Garver and NASA Administrator Charles Bolden, right, talk at a private memorial service celebrating the life of Neil Armstrong, Aug. 31, 2012, at the Camargo Club in Cincinnati. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Neil Armstrong Family Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-31

Carol Armstrong, wife of Neil Armstrong, and Piper Van Wagenen, one of 10 grandchildren, are seen during a memorial service celebrating the life of Neil Armstrong, Friday, Aug. 31, 2012, at the Camargo Club in Cincinnati. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

The energy expenditure of using a "walk-and-work" desk for office workers with obesity.

PubMed

Levine, James A; Miller, Jennifer M

2007-09-01

For many people, most of the working day is spent sitting in front of a computer screen. Approaches for obesity treatment and prevention are being sought to increase workplace physical activity because low levels of physical activity are associated with obesity. Our hypothesis was that a vertical workstation that allows an obese individual to work while walking would be associated with significant and substantial increases in energy expenditure over seated work. The vertical workstation is a workstation that allows an office worker to use a standard personal computer while walking on a treadmill at a self-selected velocity. 15 sedentary individuals with obesity (14 women, one man; 43 (7.5) years, 86 (9.6) kg; body mass index 32 (2.6) kg/m(2)) underwent measurements of energy expenditure at rest, seated working in an office chair, standing and while walking at a self-selected speed using the vertical workstation. Body composition was measured using dual x ray absorptiometry. The mean (SD) energy expenditure while seated at work in an office chair was 72 (10) kcal/h, whereas the energy expenditure while walking and working at a self-selected velocity of 1.1 (0.4) mph was 191 (29) kcal/h. The mean (SD) increase in energy expenditure for walking-and-working over sitting was 119 (25) kcal/h. If sitting computer-time were replaced by walking-and-working, energy expenditure could increase by 100 kcal/h. Thus, if obese individuals were to replace time spent sitting at the computer with walking computer time by 2-3 h/day, and if other components of energy balance were constant, a weight loss of 20-30 kg/year could occur.

Hospitals adopt intensive programs for diabetic patients to avoid high inpatient costs.

PubMed

Conklin, M S

1994-06-01

Just over a year ago, a 24-year-old man walked into a free health screening at Palmyra Medical Centers in Albany, Ga., complaining of weight loss, unending thirst and frequent urination. A quick blood test revealed the man was diabetic, with an alarming hemoglobin A1c level of 20.1. After six months of intervention, the man's hemoglobin dropped to an excellent rating of 7.1 and his physician is now ready to take him off insulin, said Layne Cox, program manager of the Diabetes Treatment Center at Palmyra, a Columbia/HCA hospital. While health fairs of yesterday were used to attract patients into the hospital, today's outreach programs are measured by success stories such as this. The goal now is to keep patients healthy and out of the hospital to reduce costs to managed care plans and health-care providers at risk through capitation contracts.

Z-2 Architecture Description and Requirements Verification Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Graziosi, Dave; Jones, Bobby; Ferl, Jinny; Scarborough, Steve; Hewes, Linda; Ross, Amy; Rhodes, Richard

2016-01-01

The Z-2 Prototype Planetary Extravehicular Space Suit Assembly is a continuation of NASA's Z series of spacesuits. The Z-2 is another step in NASA's technology development roadmap leading to human exploration of the Martian surface. The suit was designed for maximum mobility at 8.3 psid, reduced mass, and to have high fidelity life support interfaces. As Z-2 will be man-tested at full vacuum in NASA JSC's Chamber B, it was manufactured as Class II, making it the most flight-like planetary walking suit produced to date. The Z-2 suit architecture is an evolution of previous EVA suits, namely the ISS EMU, Mark III, Rear Entry I-Suit and Z-1 spacesuits. The suit is a hybrid hard and soft multi-bearing, rear entry spacesuit. The hard upper torso (HUT) is an all-composite structure and includes a 2-bearing rolling convolute shoulder with Vernier sizing mechanism, removable suit port interface plate (SIP), elliptical hemispherical helmet and self-don/doff shoulder harness. The hatch is a hybrid aluminum and composite construction with Apollo style gas connectors, custom water pass-thru, removable hatch cage and interfaces to primary and auxiliary life support feed water bags. The suit includes Z-1 style lower arms with cam brackets for Vernier sizing and government furnished equipment (GFE) Phase VI gloves. The lower torso includes a telescopic waist sizing system, waist bearing, rolling convolute waist joint, hard brief, 2 bearing soft hip thigh, Z-1 style legs with ISS EMU style cam brackets for sizing, and conformal walking boots with ankle bearings. The Z-2 Requirements Verification Plan includes the verification of more than 200 individual requirements. The verification methods include test, analysis, inspection, demonstration or a combination of methods. Examples of unmanned requirements include suit leakage, proof pressure testing, operational life, mass, isometric man-loads, sizing adjustment ranges, internal and external interfaces such as in-suit drink bag, partial pressure relief valve, purge valve, donning stand and ISS Body Restraint Tether (BRT). Examples of manned requirements include verification of anthropometric range, suit self-don/doff, secondary suit exit method, donning stand self-ingress/egress and manned mobility covering eight functional tasks. The eight functional tasks include kneeling with object pick-up, standing toe touch, cross-body reach, walking, reach to the SIP and helmet visor. This paper will provide an overview of the Z-2 design. Z-2 requirements verification testing was performed with NASA at the ILC Houston test facility. This paper will also discuss pre-delivery manned and unmanned test results as well as analysis performed in support of requirements verification.

Unexpected recovery after robotic locomotor training at physiologic stepping speed: a single-case design.

PubMed

Spiess, Martina R; Jaramillo, Jeffrey P; Behrman, Andrea L; Teraoka, Jeffrey K; Patten, Carolynn

2012-08-01

To investigate the effect of walking speed on the emergence of locomotor electromyogram (EMG) patterns in an individual with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI), and to determine whether central pattern generator activity during robotic locomotor training (RLT) transfers to volitional EMG activity during overground walking. Single-case (B-A-B; experimental treatment-withdrawal-experimental treatment) design. Freestanding rehabilitation research center. A 50-year-old man who was nonambulatory for 16 months after incomplete SCI (sub-T11). The participant completed two 6-week blocks of RLT, training 4 times per week for 30 minutes per session at walking speeds up to 5km/h (1.4m/s) over continuous bouts lasting up to 17 minutes. Surface EMG was recorded weekly during RLT and overground walking. The Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI-II) was assessed daily during training blocks. During week 4, reciprocal, patterned EMG emerged during RLT. EMG amplitude modulation revealed a curvilinear relationship over the range of walking speeds from 1.5 to 5km/h (1.4m/s). Functionally, the participant improved from being nonambulatory (WISCI-II 1/20), to walking overground with reciprocal stepping using knee-ankle-foot orthoses and a walker (WISCI-II 9/20). EMG was also observed during overground walking. These functional gains were maintained greater than 4 years after locomotor training (LT). Here we report an unexpected course of locomotor recovery in an individual with chronic incomplete SCI. Through RLT at physiologic walking speeds, it was possible to activate the central pattern generator even 16 months postinjury. Further, to a certain degree, improvements from RLT transferred to overground walking. Our results suggest that LT-induced changes affect the central pattern generator and allow supraspinal inputs to engage residual spinal pathways. Copyright © 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Welfare assessment in broiler farms: transect walks versus individual scoring.

PubMed

Marchewka, J; Watanabe, T T N; Ferrante, V; Estevez, I

2013-10-01

Current scientific approaches to welfare assessment in broilers are based on individual sampling that can be time consuming under field conditions. On the other hand, farmers conduct routine checks based on walks through the house to screen birds' health condition. We adapted the walks through following line transect methodology used in wildlife studies to explore their feasibility as a welfare assessment tool. The aim of this study was to compare broiler welfare assessed by individual sampling and transect walks. We evaluated 6 identically managed flocks. For individual sampling, we collected measures on 150 birds, including weight, breast dirtiness, hock and footpad dermatitis, lameness, and immobility. Transect observations were conducted by slowly walking on randomized paths within each house recording: immobility, lameness, back dirtiness, sickness, agony, and dead. Transect walks allowed detection of small variations (P < 0.003) in the prevalence of most welfare indicators considered with consistency in interobserver reliability (P ≥ 0.05). In addition, assessments across transects were highly consistent (P ≥ 0.05). Individual sampling was also sensitive to differences across houses (P < 0.01) with the exception of immobility (P = 0.783). No differences were found across sampling locations (P ≥ 0.05). However, both methods differed greatly in the frequency of the incidence of the parameters considered. For example, immobility varied from 0.2 ± 0.02% for transect walks to 4 ± 2.3% for individual sampling, whereas lameness varied between 0.8 ± 0.07% and 24.2 ± 4.7% for transect and samplings, respectively. It is possible that the transect approach may have overlooked walking deficiencies because a large number of birds were scored, although if this was the case, the consistency obtained in the scoring across observers and transects would be surprising. Differences may also be related to possibly biased individual sampling procedures, where less mobile and passive individuals may be more likely to be caught. Furthermore the procedure may cause fatigue and fear reactions reducing mobility. Current study provides new insights into constraints and advantages of broiler on-farm assessment methods, which should be considered for designing on-farm welfare assessment protocols.

Launch - Apollo 9 - KSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1969-03-03

S69-25881 (3 March 1969) --- The Apollo 9 crew leaves the Kennedy Space Center's Manned Spacecraft Operations Building during the Apollo 9 prelaunch countdown. The crewman entered the special transfer van which transported them to their waiting spacecraft at Pad A, Launch Complex 39. Astronaut James A. McDivitt (back to camera) is the commander. McDivitt appears to be inviting astronaut David R. Scott, command module pilot, to step first into van. In background is astronaut Russell L. Schweickart, lunar module pilot. Walking along almost behind Schweickart is astronaut Alan B. Shepard Jr., chief, Astronaut Office, Manned Spacecraft Center. Apollo 9 was launched at 11 a.m. (EST), March 3, 1969, on a 10-day Earth-orbital mission.

Repeat, Low Altitude Measurements of Vegetation Status and Biomass Using Manned Aerial and UAS Imagery in a Piñon-Juniper Woodland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krofcheck, D. J.; Lippitt, C.; Loerch, A.; Litvak, M. E.

2015-12-01

Measuring the above ground biomass of vegetation is a critical component of any ecological monitoring campaign. Traditionally, biomass of vegetation was measured with allometric-based approach. However, it is also time-consuming, labor-intensive, and extremely expensive to conduct over large scales and consequently is cost-prohibitive at the landscape scale. Furthermore, in semi-arid ecosystems characterized by vegetation with inconsistent growth morphologies (e.g., piñon-juniper woodlands), even ground-based conventional allometric approaches are often challenging to execute consistently across individuals and through time, increasing the difficulty of the required measurements and consequently the accuracy of the resulting products. To constrain the uncertainty associated with these campaigns, and to expand the extent of our measurement capability, we made repeat measurements of vegetation biomass in a semi-arid piñon-juniper woodland using structure-from-motion (SfM) techniques. We used high-spatial resolution overlapping aerial images and high-accuracy ground control points collected from both manned aircraft and multi-rotor UAS platforms, to generate digital surface model (DSM) for our experimental region. We extracted high-precision canopy volumes from the DSM and compared these to the vegetation allometric data, s to generate high precision canopy volume models. We used these models to predict the drivers of allometric equations for Pinus edulis and Juniperous monosperma (canopy height, diameter at breast height, and root collar diameter). Using this approach, we successfully accounted for the carbon stocks in standing live and standing dead vegetation across a 9 ha region, which contained 12.6 Mg / ha of standing dead biomass, with good agreement to our field plots. Here we present the initial results from an object oriented workflow which aims to automate the biomass estimation process of tree crown delineation and volume calculation, and partition standing biomass into live and dead pools, in a change detection context.

The choice of boundary conditions and mesh for scaffolding FEM model on the basis of natural vibrations measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cyniak, Patrycja; Błazik-Borowa, Ewa; Szer, Jacek; Lipecki, Tomasz; Szer, Iwona

2018-01-01

Scaffolding is a specific construction with high susceptibility to low frequency vibrations. The numerical model of scaffolding presented in this paper contains real imperfections received from geodetic measurements of real construction. Boundary conditions were verified on the basis of measured free vibrations. A simulation of a man walking on penultimate working level as a dynamic load variable in time was made for verified model. The paper presents procedure for a choice of selected parameters of the scaffolding FEM model. The main aim of analysis is the best projection of the real construction and correct modeling of worker walking on the scaffolding. Different boundary conditions are considered, because of their impact on construction vibrations. Natural vibrations obtained from FEM calculations are compared with free vibrations measured during in-situ tests. Structure accelerations caused by walking human are then considered in this paper. Methodology of creating numerical models of scaffoldings and analysis of dynamic effects during human walking are starting points for further considerations about dynamic loads acting on such structures and effects of these loads to construction and workers, whose workplaces are situated on the scaffolding.

Catastrophe on the Horizon: A Scenario-Based Future Effect of Orbital Space Debris

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

real. In fact, the preliminary results of a recent NASA risk assessment of the soon to be decommissioned Space Shuttle puts the risk of a manned...Section 1 – Introduction Orbital Space Debris Defined Orbital space debris can be defined as dead satellites, discarded rocket parts, or simply flecks...of paint or other small objects orbiting the earth. It is simply space ―junk,‖ but junk that can be extremely dangerous to space assets. Most of the

Suck It Up, Walk It Off, Be a Man: A Controversial Look at Bullying in Today's Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simplicio, Joseph

2013-01-01

The latest issue to permeate the educational collective mind is that of bullying. In fact, it has become the flavor of the month in education. It has been explored through virtually every medium including documentaries, writings, and oral stories, on the local, state, national, and international levels. It has caused changes in school curricula,…

Wreath Laying Ceremony for Alan Bean

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-05-30

Associate Kennedy Space Center Director Kelvin Manning joins guests in a ceremony on Wednesday, May 30, 2018, honoring former NASA astronaut Alan Bean. As lunar module pilot on Apollo 12, Bean was the fourth person to walk on the Moon in November 1969. He went on to command the 59-day Skylab 3 mission in 1973. He died in Houston on May 26, 2018, at the age of 86.

Supervisory control systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sheridan, T. B.

1974-01-01

The various functions of a computer are considered that serve in connecting the man, with his displays and controls, to an external environment, manipulator activators and the interoceptors that are in the actuators, and to the interosensors and the motors or the actuators to drive the sensors. Projected is an improved exoskeleton mechanism with computer control and some supervisory control that may give a quadriplegic the ability to walk and run around.

Do Performers' Experience and Sex Affect Their Performance?

PubMed

Emmanuel, Jacobs; Nathalie, Roussel; Van Caekenberghe, Ine; Cassiers, Edith; Van den Dries, Luc; Rutgeerts, Jonas; Gielen, Jan; Hallemans, Ann

2017-04-01

This cross-sectional study aimed at developing a biomechanical method to objectify voluntary and unpredictable movements, using an automated three-dimensional motion capture system and surface electromyography. Fourteen experienced theater performers were tested while executing the old man exercise, wherein they have to walk like an old man, building up a sustained high intensive muscular activity and tremor. Less experienced performed showed a different kinematics of movement, a slower speed of progression and more variable EMG signals at higher intensity. Female performers also differed from males in movement kinematics and muscular activity. The number of the trial only influenced the speed of progression. The performers showed results which could be well placed within the stages of learning and the degrees of freedom problem.

Reduced Gravity Walking Simulator

NASA Image and Video Library

1963-02-11

A test subject being suited up for studies on the Reduced Gravity Walking Simulator located in the hangar at Langley Research Center. The initial version of this simulator was located inside the hangar. Later a larger version would be located at the Lunar Landing Facility. The purpose of this simulator was to study the subject while walking, jumping or running. Researchers conducted studies of various factors such as fatigue limit, energy expenditure, and speed of locomotion. Francis B. Smith wrote in his paper "Simulators For Manned Space Research," "I would like to conclude this talk with a discussion of a device for simulating lunar gravity which is very effective and yet which is so simple that its cost is in the order of a few thousand dollars at most, rather than hundreds of thousands. With a little ingenuity, one could almost build this type simulator in his backyard for children to play on. The principle is ...if a test subject is suspended in a sling so that his body axis makes an angle of 9 1/2 degrees with the horizontal and if he then "stands" on a platform perpendicular to his body axis, the component of the earth's gravity forcing him toward the platform is one times the sine of 9 1/2 degrees or approximately 1/6 of the earth's normal gravity field. That is, a 180 pound astronaut "standing" on the platform would exert a force of only 30 pounds - the same as if he were standing upright on the lunar surface." -- Published in James R. Hansen, Spaceflight Revolution: NASA Langley Research Center From Sputnik to Apollo, NASA SP-4308; Francis B. Smith, "Simulators For Manned Space Research," Paper for 1966 IEEE International Convention, New York, NY, March 21-25, 1966

Neil Armstrong Family Memorial Service

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-31

Apollo 13 Astronaut Jim Lovell, left, former NASA Administrator Dan Goldin, Sen. John Glenn, third from left, and NASA Administrator Charles Bolden, right, talk at a private memorial service celebrating the life of Neil Armstrong, Aug. 31, 2012, at the Camargo Club in Cincinnati. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, died Saturday, Aug. 25. He was 82. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

[Etiology of initially unexplained confusion of excitability in deadly nightshade poisoning with suicidal intent. Symptoms, differential diagnosis, toxicology and physostigmine therapy of anticholinergic syndrome].

PubMed

Heindl, S; Binder, C; Desel, H; Matthies, U; Lojewski, I; Bandelow, B; Kahl, G F; Chemnitius, J M

2000-11-10

After a walk in a wood a 55-year-old teacher was admitted to the emergency unit of a university hospital because of somnolence and excitability. Her rectal temperature was 37.8 degrees C, she had sinus tachycardia (rate of 130/min) but no other significant findings. With the exception of C-reactive protein (10 mg/dl), MCV (101 fl), MCH (34 pg) and arterial blood gases (pH 7.483, pCO2 35.5 mmHg, base excess 5.1 mmp/l) laboratory tests were within normal limits. Qualitative screening of serum for benzodiazepines, barbiturates and antidepressives was negative. Neurological examination, including lumbar puncture and cranial computed tomography were noncontributory. 10 hours after admission the patient developed signs of an anticholinergic syndrome with mydriasis, dry mouth, tachycardia, hot skin and an atonic bladder. Physostigmine 2 mg completely reversed the neurological and mental symptoms. After gas chromatography, mass-spectrometry of a urine sample showed an atropine molecular fragment with a molecular weight of 271. At intervals of 3 to 5 hours the recurrence of confusion and excitability required 4 further i.v. injection of physostigmine. The patient subsequently became accessible to psychiatric examination and reported that during the walk she had swallowed 8-10 berries of deadly nightshade with suicidal intent. In case of excitability and confusion as well as somnolence or coma of uncertain aetiology an anticholinergic syndrome caused by ingestion of atropine-containing plants or psychoactive drugs (phenothiazines, butyrophenones, tri- or tetracyclic antidepressants) should be included in the differential diagnosis. If there are suggestive clinical findings (tachycardia, somnolence, coma or threatened respiratory arrest, physostigmine should be given if there are no contraindications.

Bird mortality associated with wind turbines at the Buffalo Ridge wind resource area, Minnesota

USGS Publications Warehouse

Osborn, R.G.; Higgins, K.F.; Usgaard, R.E.; Dieter, C.D.; Neiger, R.D.

2000-01-01

Recent technological advances have made wind power a viable source of alternative energy production and the number of windplant facilities has increased in the United States. Construction was completed on a 73 turbine, 25 megawatt windplant on Buffalo Ridge near Lake Benton, Minnesota in Spring 1994. The number of birds killed at existing windplants in California caused concern about the potential impacts of the Buffalo Ridge facility on the avian community. From April 1994 through Dec. 1995 we searched the Buffalo Ridge windplant site for dead birds. Additionally, we evaluated search efficiency, predator scavenging rates and rate of carcass decomposition. During 20 mo of monitoring we found 12 dead birds. Collisions with wind turbines were suspected for 8 of the 12 birds. During observer efficiency trials searchers found 78.8% of carcasses. Scavengers removed 39.5% of carcasses during scavenging trials. All carcasses remained recognizable during 7 d decomposition trials. After correction for biases we estimated that approximately 36 ?? 12 birds (<1 dead bird per turbine) were killed at the Buffalo Ridge windplant in 1 y. Although windplants do not appear to be more detrimental to birds than other man-made structures, proper facility sitting is an important first consideration in order to avoid unnecessary fatalities.

Management of apraxic gait in a stroke patient.

PubMed

Jantra, P; Monga, T N; Press, J M; Gervais, B J

1992-01-01

There is little information available regarding management of apraxic gait. We present a 61-year-old man with a five-year history of right-sided cerebrovascular accident, apraxic gait, difficulty in walking, and frequent falls. A CT head scan revealed moderate cerebral atrophy, a small lacunar infarction. The patient was unable to initiate walking, was bed ridden and housebound. Traditional gait training and balance exercises failed to improve his gait. Two straight canes were modified by fixing florescent horizontal projections approximately two inches up from the tip of the cane. The patient was instructed to step over the horizontal projected portion, making use of visual cues from the florescent painted projections. The patient became independent with safe ambulation after practicing for approximately three weeks and was discharged home.

A wrist-walker exhibiting no "Uner Tan Syndrome": a theory for possible mechanisms of human devolution toward the atavistic walking patterns.

PubMed

Tan, Uner

2007-01-01

After discovering two families with handicapped children exhibiting the "Uner Tan syndrome," the author discovered a man exhibiting only wrist-walking with no primitive mental abilities including language. According to his mother, he had an infectious disease with high fever as a three months old baby; as a result, the left leg had been paralyzed after a penicilline injection. This paralysis most probably resulted from a viral disease, possibly poliomyelitis. He is now (2006) 36 years old; the left leg is flaccid and atrophic, with no tendon reflexes; however, sensation is normal. The boy never stood up on his feet while maturing. The father forced him to walk upright using physical devices and making due exercises, but the child always rejected standing upright and walking in erect posture; he always preferred wrist-walking; he expresses that wrist-walking is much more comfortable for him than upright-walking. He is very strong now, making daily body building exercises, and walking quite fast using a "three legs," although he cannot stand upright. Mental status, including the language and conscious experience, is quite normal. There was no intra-familiar marriage as in the two families mentioned earlier, and there is no wrist-walking in his family and relatives. There were no cerebellar signs and symptoms upon neurological examination. The brain-MRI was normal; there was no atrophy in cerebellum and vermis. It was concluded that there may be sporadic wrist-walkers exhibiting no "Uner Tan Syndrome." The results suggest that the cerebellum has nothing to do with human wrist-walking, which may rather be an atavistic trait appearing from time to time in normal individuals, indicating a live model for human reverse evolution. It was concluded that pure quadrupeds may sporadically appear due to random fluctuations in genotypes and/or environmental factors (hormonal or nutritional); the human development following the human evolution may be stopped in the stage of transition from quadrupedality to bipedality. That is, the activity of the philogenetically youngest supraspinal centers for bipedal walking responsible for suppression of the older supraspinal centers for quadrupedal gait may be interrupted at the atavistic level due to genetic and/or environmental factors. Consequently, it is assumed that these individuals prefer their natural wrist-walking to move around more quickly and efficiently.

V-Man Generation for 3-D Real Time Animation. Chapter 5

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nebel, Jean-Christophe; Sibiryakov, Alexander; Ju, Xiangyang

2007-01-01

The V-Man project has developed an intuitive authoring and intelligent system to create, animate, control and interact in real-time with a new generation of 3D virtual characters: The V-Men. It combines several innovative algorithms coming from Virtual Reality, Physical Simulation, Computer Vision, Robotics and Artificial Intelligence. Given a high-level task like "walk to that spot" or "get that object", a V-Man generates the complete animation required to accomplish the task. V-Men synthesise motion at runtime according to their environment, their task and their physical parameters, drawing upon its unique set of skills manufactured during the character creation. The key to the system is the automated creation of realistic V-Men, not requiring the expertise of an animator. It is based on real human data captured by 3D static and dynamic body scanners, which is then processed to generate firstly animatable body meshes, secondly 3D garments and finally skinned body meshes.

Non-vehicular homicides masquerading as road traffic accidents.

PubMed

Zine, K U; Mugadlimath, Anand B; Sane, Mandar Ramchandra; Bhuyyar, Chandrashekhar; Rathod, S N

2016-03-01

Interfering with or planting evidence to disguise the cause of a death is not uncommon in forensic practice. Homicides staged as road accidents are, however, rarely encountered by crime scene investigators. We report two homicides which were presented as road traffic accidents. Case 1: Dead body of a 35-year-old male was brought for autopsy with history of road traffic accident. Primary police inquiry suggested that the victim was knocked down by a speeding four-wheeler, while walking by the side of a high way with his friends. On postmortem examination the deceased's death was found due to homicidal smothering staged as a road traffic accident. Case 2: Dead body of 40-year-old male was brought for autopsy with history of road traffic accident. It was an unwitnessed crush by a speeding four-wheeler. However, on postmortem examination, the deceased was found to have died from homicidal multiple stab wounds with his death staged as a road traffic accident. Importance of meticulous autopsy to determine accurately the cause of death is emphasized. © The Author(s) 2015.

Covering Science as a Mass Media Fellow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McMeeking, Gavin R.

2006-03-01

I remember my first unpleasant biology lab dissection in high school. I am not sure if the experience was worse for me or for the unfortunate fetal pig we dissected that day. The sights and smells of that fateful morning forever put me on a path toward the physical sciences, and probably have a lot to do with my ending up as a graduate student in atmospheric chemistry instead of at some medical school cutting up dead bodies. So imagine my horror after encountering the leg of a dead horse as I walked into a bioengineering laboratory to report on a story about artificial joint research. Subjecting myself to such biological horrors, though, was part of my duties as an AGU-sponsored American Association for the Advancement of Science Mass Media Fellow. The program places graduate students and recent graduates from scientific fields in major media outlets throughout the country. The aim of the program is to give science-trained individuals a taste of a career in science journalism as well as to help scientists develop better communication skills.

[Death by avalanche in the minor mountain range].

PubMed

Geisenberger, Dorothee; Kramer, Lena; Pircher, Rebecca; Pollak, Stefan

2015-01-01

On 30 Jan 2015, two avalanche accidents happened in the Black Forest (at the foot of the 1493 m high Feldberg and the Herzogenhorn situated next to it), in which experienced ski tourers--a 58-year-old woman and a 20-year-old man--were completely buried by snow masses. Both victims were recovered dead after nearly 2 hours under the snow. The avalanches were promoted by strong snowfalls, snowdrift by the wind and steep downwind slopes. One of the victims, the 20-year-old man, underwent a forensic autopsy. The findings suggested death by protracted asphyxiation with agonal hypothermia. A mechanical traumatization with internal injuries suspected by the emergency doctor at the scene could not be confirmed at autopsy. The possible causes of death in the avalanche are discussed using the reported case as an example and in reference to the relevant literature.

ABO grouping of highly-dilute blood by the absorption-elution technique using nitrocellulose beads--application to a casework investigation.

PubMed

Fujitani, N; Matoba, R; Kobayashi, T; Matsuda, H; Yoshida, K; Fukita, K

1991-04-01

This paper reports a homicidal case in which the absorption-elution technique using nitrocellulose beads as immunoadsorbents was successfully applied to ABO grouping from highly-diluted blood. A 21-year-old man was found dead in bed while staying in a hotel. He had multiple wounds over the entire body. By autopsy the cause of death was decided to be traumatic shock. The victim's blood group was A. A bucket filled with faint-colored water was found at the scene. By means of the absorption-elution technique using nitrocellulose beads the water was grouped as B. Later, a 32-year-old man staying in the hotel together with the victim was suspected and arrested. The suspect's blood group was B. He confessed that he had injured himself in the hands with a knife during the struggle and washed them in the water.

Skull lichens: a curious chapter in the history of phytotherapy.

PubMed

Modenesi, P

2009-04-01

Lichens growing on skulls were known in late medieval times as usnea or moss of a dead man's skull and were recommended as highly beneficial in various diseases. They were, in addition, the main ingredient of Unguentum armariun, a liniment used in a curious medical practice: the magnetic cure of wounds. We can place this chapter of the history of phytotherapy within the wider cultural context of the period, which saw the definition of nature become increasingly more fluid and open to a variety of novel interpretations.

State Terrorism and the Death Squad: A Study of Phenomenon

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

disguised as a boy scout troop so as not to arouse the suspicions of the parents. The troop, made up of boys in their late teens , operated in a large...the dead were two young girls and a fifteen year old Buddhist monk." The Death Squad: "Trainina" Very little is written about how a death squad member...spread terror among the population. Terror that will suppress any opposition to the state. Any reasonable man knows that Tonita’s two little girls are

Endovascular Treatment of Blunt Traumatic Abdominal Aortic Occlusion With Kissing Stent Placement

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Idoguchi, Koji, E-mail: idoguchi@ares.eonet.ne.jp; Yamaguchi, Masato; Okada, Takuya

Blunt traumatic abdominal aortic dissection is extremely rare and potentially deadly. We present the case of a 62-year-old man involved in a frontal car crash. After emergency undergoing laparotomy for bowel injuries, he was referred to our hospital due to acute ischemia of bilateral lower extremities on day 3 after the trauma. Computed tomography and aortography showed an aortobiiliac dissection with complete occlusion. This injury was successfully treated by endovascular treatment with 'kissing'-technique stent placement, which appears to be a safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment.

First record of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) on human corpses in Iberian Peninsula.

PubMed

Martínez-Sánchez, Anabel; Magaña, Concepción; Saloña, Marta; Rojo, Santos

2011-03-20

This article presents the first record of Hermetia illucens larvae on a human corpse in Spain (the second case report in Europe). Prepupae of H. illucens, and other insects, were recovered from the dead body of a 72-year-old man in an advanced stage of decomposition. The body was located in Reus (NE Spain), in October 1998. This article provides additional biological data on experimental studies and an update on the geographic distribution of this species in the Iberian Peninsula. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Big Bang Day : Afternoon Play - Torchwood: Lost Souls

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2009-10-13

Martha Jones, ex-time traveller and now working as a doctor for a UN task force, has been called to CERN where they're about to activate the Large Hadron Collider. Once activated, the Collider will fire beams of protons together recreating conditions a billionth of a second after the Big Bang - and potentially allowing the human race a greater insight into what the Universe is made of. But so much could go wrong - it could open a gateway to a parallel dimension, or create a black hole - and now voices from the past are calling out to peoplemore » and scientists have started to disappear... Where have the missing scientists gone? What is the secret of the glowing man? What is lurking in the underground tunnel? And do the dead ever really stay dead? Lost Souls is a spin-off from the award-winning BBC Wales TV production Torchwood. It stars John Barrowman, Freema Agyeman, Eve Myles, Gareth David-Lloyd, Lucy Montgomery (of Titty Bang Bang) and Stephen Critchlow.« less

Big Bang Day : Afternoon Play - Torchwood: Lost Souls

ScienceCinema

None

2017-12-09

Martha Jones, ex-time traveller and now working as a doctor for a UN task force, has been called to CERN where they're about to activate the Large Hadron Collider. Once activated, the Collider will fire beams of protons together recreating conditions a billionth of a second after the Big Bang - and potentially allowing the human race a greater insight into what the Universe is made of. But so much could go wrong - it could open a gateway to a parallel dimension, or create a black hole - and now voices from the past are calling out to people and scientists have started to disappear... Where have the missing scientists gone? What is the secret of the glowing man? What is lurking in the underground tunnel? And do the dead ever really stay dead? Lost Souls is a spin-off from the award-winning BBC Wales TV production Torchwood. It stars John Barrowman, Freema Agyeman, Eve Myles, Gareth David-Lloyd, Lucy Montgomery (of Titty Bang Bang) and Stephen Critchlow.

Fatal Eurasian Brown Bear Attacks-Two Swedish Fatalities in Modern Times.

PubMed

Gustafsson, Torfinn; Eriksson, Anders

2015-11-01

Fatal bear attacks on humans are uncommon with only one reported case in Sweden since 1902. The bear population is, however, growing and the frequency of confrontations is likely to increase. Case I-A 40-year-old hunter and his dog were found dead near a bear's den. Autopsy showed that a large portion of the face, facial skeleton, and anterior portion of the brain was missing. Autopsy of the bear showed two nonfatal gunshot wounds. Case II-A 61-year-old man and his dog were found dead outside a hunting lodge. Autopsy revealed numerous wounds, including partial evisceration of the intestines. The victim's blood ethanol concentration was 0.27%. These cases confirm the presence of risk factors identified by the Scandinavian Brown Bear Research Project, that is, provocation by a dog, encountering an injured bear, and appearing close to its den. An additional possible factor in case II was ethanol intoxication. © 2015 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Malaria immunity in man and mosquito: insights into unsolved mysteries of a deadly infectious disease

PubMed Central

Crompton, Peter D.; Moebius, Jacqueline; Portugal, Silvia; Waisberg, Michael; Hart, Geoffrey; Garver, Lindsey S.; Miller, Louis H.; Barillas, Carolina; Pierce, Susan K.

2014-01-01

Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by parasites of the obligate intracellular Apicomplexa family, the most deadly of which, Plasmodium falciparum, prevails in Africa. Malaria imposes a huge health burden on the world’s most vulnerable populations, claiming the lives of nearly a million children and pregnant women each year in Africa alone. Although there is keen interest in eradicating malaria, we do not yet have the necessary tools to meet this challenge, including an effective malaria vaccine and adequate vector control strategies. Here we review what is known about the mechanisms at play in immune resistance to malaria in both the human and mosquito hosts at each step in the parasite’s complex life cycle with a view towards developing the tools that will contribute to the prevention of disease and death and ultimately the goal of malaria eradication. In so doing we hope to inspire immunologists to participate in defeating this devastating disease. PMID:24655294

Effect of square stepping exercise for older adults to prevent fall and injury related to fall: systematic review and meta-analysis of current evidences.

PubMed

Fisseha, Berihu; Janakiraman, Balamurugan; Yitayeh, Asmare; Ravichandran, Hariharasudhan

2017-02-01

Falls and fall related injuries become an emerging health problem among older adults. As a result a review of the recent evidences is needed to design a prevention strategy. The aim of this review was to determine the effect of square stepping exercise (SSE) for fall down injury among older adults compared with walking training or other exercises. An electronic database search for relevant randomized control trials published in English from 2005 to 2016 was conducted. Articles with outcome measures of functional reach, perceived health status, fear of fall were included. Quality of the included articles was rated using Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and the pooled effect of SSE was obtained by Review Manager (RevMan5) software. Significant effect of SSE was detected over walking or no treatment to improve balance as well to prevent fear of fall and improve perceived health status. The results of this systematic review proposed that SSE significantly better than walking or no treatment to prevent fall, prevent fear of fall and improve perceived health status.

Criminal Psychological Profiling

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-10-18

the bedroom. The victim’s bra and panties had been pulled away from her body. There were no signs that indicated a robbery. The knife wounds were...Department of Justice. Crime Scene: Two young girls , both seven years-old, were walking home in the afternoon in their racially-mixed neighborhood. They...were approached from the street by a young Hispanic man who was driving a very racy sports car. The suspect offered the girls a ride home, and they

Driving with diabetes: the automatism defence.

PubMed

Griffith, Richard; Tengnah, Cassam

2011-02-01

The tragic case of a district nurse killed when a car driven by a man in a hypoglycaemic state struck her while she took her regular evening walk highlights the dangers that can occur when a person with diabetes drives without regard to their condition. The man was later jailed for four and a half years for causing death by dangerous driving having been found criminally responsible for his actions because he failed to control his blood sugar levels during the journey. In this article the authors set out the likely consequences for people with diabetes who fail in their duty to ensure that they are able to drive safely and are unlikely to be affected by the adverse effects of their illness or the medication taken to control it.

A study of the thermoregulatory characteristics of a liquid-cooled garment with automatic temperature control based on sweat rate: Experimental investigation and biothermal man-model development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chambers, A. B.; Blackaby, J. R.; Miles, J. B.

1973-01-01

Experimental results for three subjects walking on a treadmill at exercise rates of up to 590 watts showed that thermal comfort could be maintained in a liquid cooled garment by using an automatic temperature controller based on sweat rate. The addition of head- and neck-cooling to an Apollo type liquid cooled garment increased its effectiveness and resulted in greater subjective comfort. The biothermal model of man developed in the second portion of the study utilized heat rates and exchange coefficients based on the experimental data, and included the cooling provisions of a liquid-cooled garment with automatic temperature control based on sweat rate. Simulation results were good approximations of the experimental results.

A miniature shoe-mounted orientation determination system for accurate indoor heading and trajectory tracking.

PubMed

Zhang, Shengzhi; Yu, Shuai; Liu, Chaojun; Liu, Sheng

2016-06-01

Tracking the position of pedestrian is urgently demanded when the most commonly used GPS (Global Position System) is unavailable. Benefited from the small size, low-power consumption, and relatively high reliability, micro-electro-mechanical system sensors are well suited for GPS-denied indoor pedestrian heading estimation. In this paper, a real-time miniature orientation determination system (MODS) was developed for indoor heading and trajectory tracking based on a novel dual-linear Kalman filter. The proposed filter precludes the impact of geomagnetic distortions on pitch and roll that the heading is subjected to. A robust calibration approach was designed to improve the accuracy of sensors measurements based on a unified sensor model. Online tests were performed on the MODS with an improved turntable. The results demonstrate that the average RMSE (root-mean-square error) of heading estimation is less than 1°. Indoor heading experiments were carried out with the MODS mounted on the shoe of pedestrian. Besides, we integrated the existing MODS into an indoor pedestrian dead reckoning application as an example of its utility in realistic actions. A human attitude-based walking model was developed to calculate the walking distance. Test results indicate that mean percentage error of indoor trajectory tracking achieves 2% of the total walking distance. This paper provides a feasible alternative for accurate indoor heading and trajectory tracking.

Using robot-applied resistance to augment body-weight-supported treadmill training in an individual with incomplete spinal cord injury.

PubMed

Lam, Tania; Pauhl, Katherine; Krassioukov, Andrei; Eng, Janice J

2011-01-01

The efficacy of task-specific gait training for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) is premised on evidence that the provision of gait-related afferent feedback is key for the recovery of stepping movements. Recent findings have shown that sensory feedback from flexor muscle afferents can facilitate flexor muscle activity during the swing phase of walking. This case report was undertaken to determine the feasibility of using robot-applied forces to resist leg movements during body-weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT) and to measure its effect on gait and other health-related outcomes. The patient described in this case report was a 43-year-old man with a T11 incomplete chronic SCI. He underwent 36 sessions of BWSTT using a robotic gait orthosis to provide forces that resist hip and knee flexion. Tolerance to the training program was monitored using the Borg CR10 scale and heart rate and blood pressure changes during each training session. Outcome measures (ie, 10-Meter Walk Test, Six-Minute Walk Test, modified Emory Functional Ambulation Profile [mEFAP], Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure) were completed and kinematic parameters of gait, lower-extremity muscle strength (force-generating capacity), lower-limb girth, and tolerance to orthostatic stress were measured before and after the training program. The patient could tolerate the training. Overground walking speed, endurance, and performance on all subtasks of the mEFAP improved and were accompanied by increased lower-limb joint flexion and toe clearance during gait. The patient's ambulatory self-confidence and self-perceived performance in walking also improved. These findings suggest that this new approach to BWSTT is a feasible and potentially effective therapy for improving skilled overground walking performance.

Quantification of the indirect effects of scallop dredge fisheries on a brown crab fishery.

PubMed

Öndes, Fikret; Kaiser, Michel J; Murray, Lee G

2016-08-01

This study aimed to describe the characteristics of the by-catch of Cancer pagurus in king scallop dredges in the Isle of Man, and to determine the damage, immediate mortality and estimated mortality during fishing seasons associated with scallop dredges. Based on dredge surveys, spatial and seasonal variations were observed, with the highest number of crabs found off the west coast of the Isle of Man in the autumn when berried females crabs were most frequently caught. In general, female crabs comprised 84% of the catch. The damage levels of crabs was high with 45% of crabs recorded as crushed or dead or with severe damage, whilst 24% of crabs exhibited missing limbs. Estimates of the potential mortality associated with scallop dredging led to a lower and upper estimate of possible crab by-catch mortality of 15t and 24t respectively which represented 3.0-4.8% of the commercial landings of brown crab for the Isle of Man. Heaviest mortalities of crabs occurred in autumn to the west of the Isle of Man when female berried crabs move offshore into deeper water. The use of a temporary and spatially restricted scallop dredging closure could provide a simple solution to mitigate additional crab mortality in the event that scallop dredging increased beyond current levels in the future. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Autonomous Flight Safety System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ferrell, Bob; Santuro, Steve; Simpson, James; Zoerner, Roger; Bull, Barton; Lanzi, Jim

2004-01-01

Autonomous Flight Safety System (AFSS) is an independent flight safety system designed for small to medium sized expendable launch vehicles launching from or needing range safety protection while overlying relatively remote locations. AFSS replaces the need for a man-in-the-loop to make decisions for flight termination. AFSS could also serve as the prototype for an autonomous manned flight crew escape advisory system. AFSS utilizes onboard sensors and processors to emulate the human decision-making process using rule-based software logic and can dramatically reduce safety response time during critical launch phases. The Range Safety flight path nominal trajectory, its deviation allowances, limit zones and other flight safety rules are stored in the onboard computers. Position, velocity and attitude data obtained from onboard global positioning system (GPS) and inertial navigation system (INS) sensors are compared with these rules to determine the appropriate action to ensure that people and property are not jeopardized. The final system will be fully redundant and independent with multiple processors, sensors, and dead man switches to prevent inadvertent flight termination. AFSS is currently in Phase III which includes updated algorithms, integrated GPS/INS sensors, large scale simulation testing and initial aircraft flight testing.

The effect of selective tibial neurotomy and rehabilitation in a quadriplegic patient with ankle spasticity following traumatic brain injury.

PubMed

Jang, Sung Ho; Park, Sung-Min; Kim, Seong Ho; Ahn, Sang Ho; Cho, Yun Woo; Ahn, Mi Ok

2004-08-31

Ankle spasticity following brain injury leads to abnormal posture and joint contracture; making standing or walking impossible. This study investigates the efficacy of selective tibial neurotomy (STN) and intensive rehabilitation in a patient who suffered ankle spasticity after brain injury. This case describes a 37-year-old man whose traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulted in severe right ankle spasticity and contracture. He was unable to stand due to severe right ankle spasticity and contracture. Intensive rehabilitation and STN allowed him to walk without brace at 6 months and run at 12 months after STN. STN is an effective procedure to resolve localized spasticity of the ankle and it may be considered as a management strategy after local injection to alleviate ankle spasticity and/or contracture prior to orthopaedic surgery.

Global Binary Optimization on Graphs for Classification of High Dimensional Data

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

Buades et al . in [10] introduce a new non-local means algorithm for image denoising and compare it to some of the best methods. In [28], Grady de...scribes a random walk algorithm for image seg- mentation using the solution to a Dirichlet prob- lem. Elmoataz et al . present generalizations of the...graph Laplacian [19] for image denoising and man- ifold smoothing. Couprie et al . in [16] propose a parameterized graph-based energy function that unifies

Apollo 40th Anniversary Morning Television

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-19

Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin, the second man to walk on the Moon, seated left, responds to a question during a live television interview on Monday, July 20, 2009, at NASA Headquarters in Washington as Apollo 12 astronaut Alan Bean and Apollo 16 astronaut Charles Duke, right look on. The three sat in for interviews with morning talks shows covering the 40th Anniversary of the Apollo 11 landing on the Moon. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

[Complex injuries associated with somnambulism].

PubMed

Sillesen, Nanna Hylleholt; Nielsen, Lisa Toft; Bonde, Christian

2010-12-13

Up to 3% of adults walk in their sleep and some perform complex behaviours. Treatment recommendations for sleepwalking are inconsistent. This case report describes a 64-year-old man who climbed out of a 2nd floor toilet window during somnambulism. He fell 6-8 meters and fractured the tibia, fibula, cervical columna, lumbal columna, calcaneus, costae and suffered a pneumothorax. Evidence to support sleepwalking treatment is lacking and besides benzodiazepines, prevention is the preferred treatment choice according to the literature.

Pain Palliation by Percutaneous Acetabular Osteoplasty for Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hokotate, Hirofumi; Baba, Yasutaka; Churei, Hisahiko

2001-09-15

A 68-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma and known skeletal metastasis developed right hip pain and gait disturbance due to an osteolytic metastasis in the right acetabulum. This was treated initially with chemoembolization and radiation therapy. When these procedures proved unsuccessful percutaneous injection of acrylic bone cement into the acetabulum was undertaken. Immediately after this procedure, he obtained sufficient pain relief and improved walking ability, which continued for 3 months until he died of hepatic insufficiency.

Man-Portable Vector EMI Sensor for Full UXO Characterization

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-01

receivers (for survey in forest and/or in steep terrain). Left inset shows data acquisition (DAQ) and power unit mounted on a backpack frame. Right panel...survey list was created such as to minimize the overall travel distance to visit every anomaly. After the daily IVS survey field operators walked to...the red star at coordinates (0, 0), is generally offset from the signal peak. This observation motivated use of a conservative 3x3-point-grid survey

NeuroRecovery Network provides standardization of locomotor training for persons with incomplete spinal cord injury.

PubMed

Morrison, Sarah A; Forrest, Gail F; VanHiel, Leslie R; Davé, Michele; D'Urso, Denise

2012-09-01

To illustrate the continuity of care afforded by a standardized locomotor training program across a multisite network setting within the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation NeuroRecovery Network (NRN). Single patient case study. Two geographically different hospital-based outpatient facilities. This case highlights a 25-year-old man diagnosed with C4 motor incomplete spinal cord injury with American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grade D. Standardized locomotor training program 5 sessions per week for 1.5 hours per session, for a total of 100 treatment sessions, with 40 sessions at 1 center and 60 at another. Ten-meter walk test and 6-minute walk test were assessed at admission and discharge across both facilities. For each of the 100 treatment sessions percent body weight support, average, and maximum treadmill speed were evaluated. Locomotor endurance, as measured by the 6-minute walk test, and overground gait speed showed consistent improvement from admission to discharge. Throughout training, the patient decreased the need for body weight support and was able to tolerate faster treadmill speeds. Data indicate that the patient continued to improve on both treatment parameters and walking function. Standardization across the NRN centers provided a mechanism for delivering consistent and reproducible locomotor training programs across 2 facilities without disrupting training or recovery progression. Copyright © 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PNF and manual therapy treatment results of patients with cervical spine osteoarthritis.

PubMed

Maicki, Tomasz; Bilski, Jan; Szczygieł, Elżbieta; Trąbka, Rafał

2017-09-22

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PNF and manual therapy methods in the treatment of patients with cervical spine osteoarthritis, especially their efficacy in reducing pain and improving functionality in everyday life. Long-term results were also compared in order to determine which method of treatment is more effective. Eighty randomly selected females aged 45-65 were included in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups of 40 persons. One group received PNF treatment and the other received manual therapy (MAN.T). To evaluate functional capabilities, the Functional Rating Index was used. To evaluate changes in pain, a shortened version of the McGill Questionnaire was used. The PNF group achieved a greater reduction in pain than the MAN.T group. The PNF group showed a greater improvement in performing daily activities such as sleeping, personal care, travelling, work, recreation, lifting, walking and standing as well as decreased intensity and frequency of pain compared to the MAN.T group. The PNF method proved to be more effective in both short (after two weeks) and long (after three months) term.

Surviving Naegleria fowleri infections: A successful case report and novel therapeutic approach.

PubMed

Heggie, Travis W; Küpper, Thomas

Naegleria fowleri is a deadly human pathogen recognized as the causative agent of Primary Amoebic Meningitis (PAM). N. fowleri is commonly found in warm freshwater environments such as natural or man-made lakes, hot springs, and resort spas frequented by tourists. PAM infections have a mortality rate between 95 and 99% with minimal progress being made toward a successful treatment therapy. We report the case of a 12-year old American female who survived a PAM infection and propose a new drug therapy which includes the antimicrobial drug Miltefosine. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Vector Graph Assisted Pedestrian Dead Reckoning Using an Unconstrained Smartphone

PubMed Central

Qian, Jiuchao; Pei, Ling; Ma, Jiabin; Ying, Rendong; Liu, Peilin

2015-01-01

The paper presents a hybrid indoor positioning solution based on a pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) approach using built-in sensors on a smartphone. To address the challenges of flexible and complex contexts of carrying a phone while walking, a robust step detection algorithm based on motion-awareness has been proposed. Given the fact that step length is influenced by different motion states, an adaptive step length estimation algorithm based on motion recognition is developed. Heading estimation is carried out by an attitude acquisition algorithm, which contains a two-phase filter to mitigate the distortion of magnetic anomalies. In order to estimate the heading for an unconstrained smartphone, principal component analysis (PCA) of acceleration is applied to determine the offset between the orientation of smartphone and the actual heading of a pedestrian. Moreover, a particle filter with vector graph assisted particle weighting is introduced to correct the deviation in step length and heading estimation. Extensive field tests, including four contexts of carrying a phone, have been conducted in an office building to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. Test results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve sub-meter mean error in all contexts. PMID:25738763

Orders of magnitude: A history of NACA and NASA, 1915-1976

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anderson, F. W.

1976-01-01

A brief history of aeronautics and space exploration is presented. The Federal government's role in contributing, by research and development, to the advancement of aeronautics and space exploration is emphasized. The flight of man is traced from Kitty Hawk to walks and rides on the surface of the moon. Orbiting Solar Observatories, Orbiting Observatories, planetary exploration (Mariner Space Probes, Pioneer Space Probes) the Earth Resources Program, and Skylab are included. The development of the space shuttle is also discussed.

EXPERIMENTAL KETOSIS IN MAN. ’COLD KETOSIS’ COMPARED WITH POST-EXERCISE KETOSIS AND NUTRITIONAL KETOSIS.

DTIC Science & Technology

This investigation was designed to answer three questions: (1) Does repetition of a ketosis following a 10 mile walk cause adaptive responses; (2...Does repeated exposure to cold result in a diminished ketotic response; (3) Do women show a post-exercise ketosis like men. Protocols for the three...exercise ketosis similar to that shown by men, despite much individual variability. Prolonged moderate exercise, exposure to cold and starvation all produce similar metabolic effects. (Author)

Omental transplantation in a patient with mild ALS

PubMed Central

Rafael, Hernando

2016-01-01

To demonstrate that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is not a neurodegenerative disease. The patient, a 33-year-old man began with symptoms of the bulbar form of ALS, characterized by burning pain in both feet during two months and then, he presented right crural monoparesis, fasciculations, slight dysarthria and he walked with help of orthopedic devices. A preoperative MRI scans showed atherosclerosis at the V4 segment of the left vertebral artery. On May 2012, he received an omental transplantation on the anterior, left lateral and posterior surface of the medulla oblongata. About 48 hours after surgery, the dysarthria disappeared and the voluntary movement of the right foot improved. Three days later, he walked without aid of orthopedic device. At present, four years after operation he present complete reversal of symptoms. In conclusión, this patient confirms that bulbar ALS is of ischemic origin and therefore, mild ALS can be cured. PMID:27508110

Omental transplantation in a patient with mild ALS.

PubMed

Rafael, Hernando

2016-01-01

To demonstrate that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is not a neurodegenerative disease. The patient, a 33-year-old man began with symptoms of the bulbar form of ALS, characterized by burning pain in both feet during two months and then, he presented right crural monoparesis, fasciculations, slight dysarthria and he walked with help of orthopedic devices. A preoperative MRI scans showed atherosclerosis at the V4 segment of the left vertebral artery. On May 2012, he received an omental transplantation on the anterior, left lateral and posterior surface of the medulla oblongata. About 48 hours after surgery, the dysarthria disappeared and the voluntary movement of the right foot improved. Three days later, he walked without aid of orthopedic device. At present, four years after operation he present complete reversal of symptoms. In conclusión, this patient confirms that bulbar ALS is of ischemic origin and therefore, mild ALS can be cured.

Vascularised knee joint transplantation in man: the first two years experience.

PubMed

Kirschner, M H; Brauns, L; Gonschorek, O; Bühren, V; Hofmann, G O

2000-04-01

To describe our early experience with a new technique for restoring destroyed knee joints to give reasonable functional results. Observational clinical trial. Level-1-Trauma centre, Germany. 5 patients with large bone defects of the knee and loss of the extensor apparatus caused either by serious injury alone, or infection after serious injury. Transplantation of fresh and perfused knee joints with a vascular pedicle from multiorgan donors under immunosuppression. Ability to walk, need to remove one transplanted joint. Four patients are able to walk, the range of movement being from 50 degrees-120 degrees. The first patient additionally had to be provided with a total knee joint arthroplasty. In the third patient the graft became infected and had to be removed. She finally had an arthrodesis and bone lengthening by the Ilizarov technique. Transplantation of the knee joint may be an alternative to bone lengthening or amputation for patients with total loss of the extensor apparatus.

Experimental measurement of energy harvesting with backpack

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pavelkova, Radka; Vala, David; Suranek, Pavel; Mahdal, Miroslav

2017-08-01

This article deals with the energy harvesting systems, especially the energy harvesting backpack, which appears as a convenient means for energy harvesting for mobile sensors power. Before starting the experiment, it was necessary to verify whether this energy will be sufficient to get acquainted with the human kinematics and analyze problematics itself. For this purpose there was used motion capture technology from Xsens. Measured data on the position of a particle moving man and back when walking, these data were then used for experimental realization of energy harvesting backpack and as input data to the simulation in Simulink, which brought us a comparison between theoretical assumptions and practical implementation. When measuring characteristics of energy harvesting system we have a problem with measurements on backpack solved when redoing of the hydraulic cylinder as a source of a suitable movement corresponding to the amplitude and frequency of human walk.

Ignition of a human body by a modest external source: a case report.

PubMed

Palmiere, Cristian; Staub, Christian; La Harpe, Romano; Mangin, Patrice

2009-07-01

A case of sustained combustion of a human body that occurred in 2006 in Geneva, Switzerland, is presented. The body of a man was discovered at home and found to have been almost completely incinerated between the knees and the mid-chest, with less damage to the head, arms, lower legs and feet. His dog was also found dead just behind the house door. The external source of ignition was most likely a cigarette or a cigar. The chair in which the man had been sitting was largely consumed while other objects in the room exhibited only a brown oily or greasy coating and were virtually undamaged. Toxicological analyses carried out on the blood from the lower legs showed low levels of desalkylflurazepam. Alcohol concentration was 1.10 per thousand, carboxyhaemoglobin levels were 12% and cyanide concentration was 0.05 mg/L. Toxicological analyses carried out on the dog's blood showed carboxyhaemoglobin levels at 65%.

The Biological Effects of Kambo: Is There a Relationship Between its Administration and Sudden Death?

PubMed

Aquila, Isabella; Gratteri, Santo; Sacco, Matteo A; Fineschi, Vittorio; Magi, Simona; Castaldo, Pasqualina; Viscomi, Graziella; Amoroso, Salvatore; Ricci, Pietrantonio

2018-05-01

Kambo is a substance obtained from the skin secretions of a frog, Phyllomedusa bicolor, popular in the Amazon region, which is administered via the transdermal route. We report a case of 42-year-old man found dead in his house. Near the corpse, a plastic box labeled as "Kambo sticks" was found. The man was a chronic consumer of Kambo and no previous pathology or genetic disease emerged in clinical history from the declaration of his general practitioner. Autopsy investigations and toxicological analysis were performed. The histopathological examination showed left ventricular hypertrophy. Toxicological screening was negative for ethanol and other drugs. Phyllocaerulein, phyllokinin, and deltorphin A were isolated from the Kambo sticks but, only deltorphin A was detected in blood sample. We describe the first forensic case of death associated with Kambo administration. We attempt to explain how its use could be related to the cause of sudden death in this case. © 2017 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

An Acute Ocfentanil Fatality: A Case Report with Postmortem Concentrations.

PubMed

Dussy, F E; Hangartner, S; Hamberg, C; Berchtold, C; Scherer, U; Schlotterbeck, G; Wyler, D; Briellmann, T A

2016-11-01

A 24-year-old man known to consume illegal drugs was found dead in his apartment. A reclosable plastic zipper bag containing several hundred milligrams of a brown powder was found close to the dead body and the first assumption of the investigators was death due to heroin intoxication. Therefore, a legal autopsy was ordered. The following toxicological analysis revealed ocfentanil in urine and in the brown powder. Four different approaches for the determination of the ocfentanil concentrations in peripheral whole blood are described. Enrichment of ocfentanil from the powder was realized. With this reference, it was possible to determine the ocfentanil concentration in the seized powder to be 0.91%. Concentrations of ocfentanil were also determined in the sampled body fluids using the standard addition procedure. In peripheral blood 9.1 µg/L, in heart blood 27.9 µg/L and in urine 480 µg/L were measured. In addition, the antidepressant citalopram, the neuroleptic quetiapine and cannabinoids were found in urine and subsequently quantified in peripheral blood. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Neighborhood design for walking and biking: physical activity and body mass index.

PubMed

Brown, Barbara B; Smith, Ken R; Hanson, Heidi; Fan, Jessie X; Kowaleski-Jones, Lori; Zick, Cathleen D

2013-03-01

Neighborhood designs often relate to physical activity and to BMI. Does neighborhood walkability/bikeability relate to BMI and obesity risk and does moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) account for some of the relationship? Census 2000 provided walkability/bikeability measures-block group proportions of workers who walk or bike to work, housing age, and population density-and National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES 2003-2006) provided MVPA accelerometer measures. Regression analyses (2011-2012) adjusted for geographic clustering and multiple control variables. Greater density and older housing were associated with lower male BMI in bivariate analyses, but there were no density and housing age effects in multivariate models. For women, greater proportions of neighborhood workers who walk to work (M=0.02) and more MVPA was associated with lower BMI and lower obesity risk. For men, greater proportions of workers who bike to work (M=0.004) and more MVPA was associated with lower BMI and obesity risk. For both effects, MVPA partially mediated the relationships between walkability/bikeability and BMI. If such associations are causal, doubling walk and bike-to-work proportions (to 0.04 and 0.008) would have -0.3 and -0.33 effects on the average BMIs of adult women and men living in the neighborhood. This equates to 1.5 pounds for a 64-inch-tall woman and 2.3 pounds for a 69-inch-tall man. Although walking/biking to work is rare in the U.S., greater proportions of such workers in neighborhoods relate to lower weight and higher MVPA. Bikeability merits greater attention as a modifiable activity-friendliness factor, particularly for men. Copyright © 2013 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Neighborhood Design for Walking and Biking

PubMed Central

Brown, Barbara B.; Smith, Ken R.; Hanson, Heidi; Fan, Jessie X.; Kowaleski-Jones, Lori; Zick, Cathleen D.

2013-01-01

Background Neighborhood designs often relate to physical activity and to BMI. Purpose Does neighborhood walkability/bikeability relate to BMI and obesity risk and does moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) account for some of the relationship? Methods Census 2000 provided walkability/bikeability measures—block group proportions of workers who walk or bike to work, housing age, and population density—and National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES 2003–2006) provided MVPA accelerometer measures. Regression analyses (2011–2012) adjusted for geographic clustering and multiple control variables. Results Greater density and older housing were associated with lower male BMI in bivariate analyses, but there were no density and housing age effects in multivariate models. For women, greater proportions of neighborhood workers who walk to work (M=0.02) and more MVPA was associated with lower BMI and lower obesity risk. For men, greater proportions of workers who bike to work (M=0.004) and more MVPA was associated with lower BMI and obesity risk. For both effects, MVPA partially mediated the relationships between walkability/bikeability and BMI. If such associations are causal, doubling walk and bike-to-work proportions (to 0.04 and 0.008) would have –0.3 and –0.33 effects on the average BMIs of adult women and men living in the neighborhood. This equates to 1.5 lbs for a 64” woman and 2.3 lbs for a 69” man. Conclusions Although walking/biking to work is rare in the U.S., greater proportions of such workers in neighborhoods relate to lower weight and higher MVPA. Bikeability merits greater attention as a modifiable activity-friendliness factor, particularly for men. PMID:23415119

Successful Transplant of Two Kidneys Harvested from a Young Brain-Dead Liver Transplant Recipient.

PubMed

Rana, Anil Kumar Singh; Agarwal, Nitin; Dutta, Sushant; Dokania, Manoj Kumar

2017-06-01

Efforts to increase the dismal deceased renal transplantation (DRT): live renal transplantation (LRT) ratio in our country have gathered momentum recently, with governmental and non-governmental projects focussing on building public awareness and capacity-building, and appropriate legislation. Worldwide, efforts at increasing the number of organs from the deceased pool have focussed on the use of 'expanded criteria donors', including deceased cardiac donors (DCD). 'Reuse' transplant, where an organ is transplanted after removal from the first recipient, is a rare strategy, used more commonly in liver than in kidney transplantation. Exceptional circumstances, where other organs have been harvested from transplant recipients, are rare. We describe the successful transplants of two renal grafts obtained from a 19-year-old brain-dead liver transplant recipient; this is probably the second case in English-language literature. A 19-year-old male patient with hepatitis E-induced fulminant hepatic failure underwent live-related liver transplantation. On postoperative day 2, cerebral edema set in, and the patient was declared brain-dead. Despite the economical and emotional trauma, the family opted for donation of the well-perfused kidneys. The kidneys were transported in HTK solution (histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate) to our centre. Recipient 1 was a 32-year-old woman (B positive) and recipient 2 was a 29-year-old man (also B positive); the kidneys were placed extraperitoneally and anastomosed end-to-side to the external iliac artery and vein. Recipient 2 experienced delayed graft function; however, both are doing well 15 months posttransplant.

Sudden death caused by 1,1-difluoroethane inhalation.

PubMed

Xiong, Zhenggang; Avella, Joseph; Wetli, Charles V

2004-05-01

A 20-year-old man was found dead on the floor next to a computer, with a nearly full can of "CRC Duster" dust remover located next to the deceased on the floor, and an empty can of the same product on the computer desk. Toxicologic evaluation using either gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) method identified the active ingredient 1,1-difluoroethane (Freon 152a) in all tissues analyzed. Tissue distribution studies revealed highest concentration in central blood, lung, and liver. It is believed that the 1,1-difluoroethane inhalation was the cause of death.

Human Correlates of Provocative Questions in Pancreatic Pathology

PubMed Central

McDonald, Oliver G.; Maitra, Anirban; Hruban, Ralph H.

2012-01-01

Studies of cell lines and of animal models of pancreatic cancer have raised a number of provocative questions about the nature and origins of human pancreatic cancer and have provided several leads into exciting new approaches for the treatment of this deadly cancer. In addition, clinicians with little or no contact with human pathology have challenged the way that pancreatic pathology is practiced, suggesting that “genetic signals” may be more accurate than today’s multi-modal approach to diagnoses. In this review we consider eight provocative issues in pancreas pathology, with an emphasis on “the evidence derived from man.” PMID:23060061

Cryptic chemical identification as a crime intelligence aid.

PubMed

Sturaro, A; Rella, R; Parvoli, G; Doretti, L

1999-01-01

A dead body was found near the sea and a commercial port in north-east Italy. The man had been shot and then burnt, by using a large volume of fire accelerant. The chemical composition of the flammable mixture had to be determined in order to aid police investigations. GC-MS analysis of residual cloth and soil identified a common gasoline, together with some unrelated compounds deriving from the container used to carry the inflammable liquid. A reconstruction of the event, an examination of the surroundings where the crime took place and the cryptic chemicals found, enabled the investigators to restrict and intensify their enquiries within a specific area.

Empowering physicians to respond to domestic violence.

PubMed

Fullin, K J; Cosgrove, A

1992-06-01

Despite the progress of the last 15 years in combating family violence, some individuals, community agencies and institutions still support a man's "right" to control, and they often disregard the physical violence he uses. Because threats and assault are in fact against the law, a man who physically or sexually assaults his wife or girlfriend couldn't keep doing it without this support from the very people who are supposed to enforce the law and help the victims of crime-namely, police, prosecutors, judges, clergy, psychologists, social workers and doctors. Some let him get away with it, look the other way, or--unsure of what to do to stop it--do nothing at all. Thus, they reinforce his "right" to use force, even if they never say, "Go ahead, hit her." The police officer who walks a man around the block or fails to show up when called, the clergyman who advises a woman to go home and pray, the doctor who gently patches her injuries but avoids asking who inflicted them, all cooperate with the abusive man in several ways. He comes to understand that no one will stop him from doing what he does. He learns that there are no consequences to his actions--even his violent actions. He can beat up "his woman" if he wants to and get away with it.

Free space optics: a viable last-mile alternative

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Willebrand, Heinz A.; Clark, Gerald R.

2001-10-01

This paper explores Free Space Optics (FSO) as an access technology in the last mile of metropolitan area networks (MANs). These networks are based in part on fiber-optic telecommunications infrastructure, including network architectures of Synchronous Optical Network (commonly referred to as SONET), the North American standard for synchronous data transmission; and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (commonly referred to as SDH), the international standard and equivalent of SONET. Several converging forces have moved FSO beyond a niche technology for use only in local area networks (LANs) as a bridge connecting two facilities. FSO now allows service providers to cost effectively provide optical bandwidth for access networks and accelerate the extension of metro optical networks bridging what has been termed by industry experts as the optical dead zone. The optical dead zone refers to both the slowdown in capital investment in the short-term future and the actual connectivity gap that exists today between core metro optical networks and the access optical networks. Service providers have built extensive core and minimal metro networks but have not yet provided optical bandwidth to the access market largely due to the non-compelling economics to bridge the dead zone with fiber. Historically, such infrastructure build-out slowdowns have been blamed on a combination of economics, time-to-market constraints and limited technology options. However, new technology developments and market acceptance of FSO give service providers a new cost-effective alternative to provide high-bandwidth services with optical bandwidth in the access networks. Merrill Lynch predicts FSO will grow into a $2 billion market by 2005. The drivers for this market are a mere 5%- 6% penetration of fiber to business buildings; cost effective solution versus RF or fiber; and significant capacity which can only be matched by a physical fiber link, Merrill Lynch reports. This paper will describe FSO technology, its capabilities and its limitations. The paper will investigate how FSO technology has evolved to its current stage for deployment in MANs, LANs, wireless backhaul and metropolitan network extensions - applications that fall within the category of last mile. The paper will address the market, drivers and the adoption of FSO, plus provide a projection of future FSO technology, based on today's product roadmaps. The paper concludes with a summary of findings and recommendations.

Postural control in man: the phylogenetic perspective.

PubMed

Gramsbergen, Albert

2005-01-01

Erect posture in man is a recent affordance from an evolutionary perspective. About eight million years ago, the stock from which modern humans derived split off from the ape family, and from around sixty-thousand years ago, modern man developed. Upright gait and manipulations while standing pose intricate cybernetic problems for postural control. The trunk, having an older evolutionary history than the extremities, is innervated by medially descending motor systems and extremity muscles by the more recent, laterally descending systems. Movements obviously require concerted actions from both systems. Research in rats has demonstrated the interdependencies between postural control and the development of fluent walking. Only 15 days after birth, adult-like fluent locomotion emerges and is critically dependent upon postural development. Vesttibular deprivation induces a retardation in postural development and, consequently, a retarded development of adult-like locomotion. The cerebellum obviously has an important role in mutual adjustments in postural control and extremity movements, or, in coupling the phylogenetic older and newer structures. In the human, the cerebellum develops partly after birth and therefore is vulnerable to adverse perinatal influences. Such vulnerability seems to justify focusing our scientific research efforts onto the development of this structure.

Storms in Space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Freeman, John W.

2012-11-01

Introduction; The cast of characters; Vignettes of the storm; 1. Two kinds of weather; 2. The saga of the storm; 3. Weather stations in space; 4. Lights in the night: the signature of the storm; 5. A walking tour of the magnetosphere; 6. The sun: where it all begins; 7. Nowcasting and forecasting storms in space; 8. Technology and the risks from storms in space; 9. A conversation with Joe Allen; 10. Manned exploration and space weather hazards; 11. The present and future of space weather forecasting; Mathematical appendix. A closer look; Glossary; Figure captions.

KSC-99pp0859

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-07-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Former Apollo astronaut Gene Cernan makes a point during a presentation at the Apollo 11 anniversary banquet honoring the Apollo team, the people who made the entire lunar landing program possible. The banquet was held in the Apollo/Saturn V Center, part of the KSC Visitor Complex. This is the 30th anniversary of the Apollo 11 launch and moon landing, July 16 and July 20, 1969. Cernan appeared with other former astronauts Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon; Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin; Walt Cunningham; and others

STS-69 Flight Day 10 Highlights

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

In honor of the Extravehicular Activity (EVA) spacewalk today, the tenth day of the STS-69 mission, the astronauts, Cmdr. Dave Walker, Pilot Ken Cockrell, and Mission Specialists Jim Voss, Jim Newman, and Mike Gernhardt, were awakened to the Frankie Valle and the Four Seasons tune, 'Walk Like A Man.' Voss and Gernhardt tested the new thermal spacesuits and some new tools in the shuttle's cargo bay for six hours. The EVA was successful. The rest of the astronauts monitored the EVA and packed up the equipment and experiments in preparation for their reentry flight tomorrow.

A Case of Nutritional Osteomalacia in Young Adult Male

PubMed Central

Noh, Choong-Kyun; Lee, Min-Jeong; Kim, Bu Kyung

2013-01-01

Vitamin D is an important hormone that can be a role of bone and calcium metabolism in the human organ. Thus, vitamin D deficiency could contribute to the severity of metabolic bone disease. The osteomalacia, one of the metabolic bone diseases, is the softening of the bones caused by defective bone mineralization secondary to inadequate amounts of available phosphorus and calcium. We experienced a case of osteomalacia presented with walking disturbance, 30 year-old young aged man, caused by vitamin D deficiency due to strict vegetarian diet and lack of sunlight exposures. PMID:24524057

An Investigation of the Effects of Rank, AFSC, and Dependents on the Length of the Separation for Air Force Enlisted Join Spouse Couples.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-01

whether they have dependents? This research effort will attempt to answer these questions. The specific objectives of this research effort will be to apply ...not centered on military join spouse couples, but man’ of their findings apply to couples from all walks of life where both the husband and wife are...these three techniques, the hypotheses which were tested during the research effort and the assumptions under which they apply are also covered in this

End Tidal CO2 Tension

PubMed Central

Pugh, Meredith E.; Newman, Alexander L.; Robbins, Ivan M.; Tolle, James; Austin, Eric D.; Newman, John H.

2011-01-01

Background: CO2 excretion is impaired in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) due to underlying vascular obstruction and increased dead space. Our aim was to determine whether resting end tidal CO2 (Etco2) could differentiate patients with PAH from those with pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) or patients without pulmonary hypertension (PH) and whether successful treatment of PAH resulted in higher Etco2 values. Methods: We performed Etco2 measurements for five breaths at rest and after a 6-min walk test (6MWT) in patients seen at our pulmonary vascular center. Mean Etco2 values were correlated with 6-min walk distance and right-sided heart catheterization data. Results: We enrolled 84 patients with PAH, 17 with PVH without left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and seven with no PH and no severe alterations in pulmonary function testing. Etco2 was significantly lower in patients with PAH than in those with no PH and PVH (P < .0001 PAH vs both groups). Etco2 correlated with the pulmonary artery diastolic pressure-to-pulmonary artery occlusion pressure gradient (r = −0.50, P = .0002) and pulmonary vascular resistance (r = −0.44, P = .002). Etco2 after 6MWT correlated with walk distance (r = 0.34, P = .003). In patients with prostaglandin therapy escalation, Etco2 increased in those who had clinical improvement, whereas in patients who did not improve clinically, Etco2 failed to rise (P = .04). Conclusions: Etco2 is a promising tool to differentiate patients with PAH from those with PVH or no PH, correlates with diagnostic and prognostic hemodynamic indicators, and may increase with successful treatment of PAH. PMID:21622547

Lethal hypothermia after firing a suicidal shot to the head in a car.

PubMed

Ortmann, Jan; Doberentz, Elke; Kernbach-Wighton, Gerhard; Madea, Burkhard

2016-11-01

In suicide cases involving an automobile, the car is mostly used as a tool/instrument for the suicide (intoxication by exhaust fumes, crash against solid objects such as a pylon). However, a car is uncommonly also used only as the location for a suicide. In the present case, a 70-year-old man had been found dead on the passenger seat of his car. According to witnesses, the car had not been parked there at the same time of the previous day. During that period, the weather had been dry, with temperatures ranging from -1⁰ C at night to +5⁰ C during the day. The man had shot himself with a small-caliber revolver (so-called bulldog-revolver) almost horizontally in the left temple (transtemporal shot through the frontal lobes). Obviously, the suicide had retained the capability to act at least for a short time, as the revolver was found under his left bottom. As morphological signs of prolonged agony some findings of hypothermia were observed (e. g. Wischnewski spots of the stomach).

Cadaveric domino liver transplantation: the first case in Japan.

PubMed

Wakayama, Kenji; Jin, Maeng Bong; Furukawa, Hiroyuki; Todo, Satoru; Shimamura, Tsuyoshi; Suzuki, Tomomi; Hattori, Masahiro; Yokoyama, Ryouji; Iwasaki, Sari; Sato, Masanori; Nakagawa, Takahito; Kurauchi, Noriaki; Kamachi, Hirohumi; Kamiyama, Toshiya; Matsushita, Michiaki

2004-01-01

The first case of domino liver transplantation from a brain-dead donor in Japan is described. A 49-year-old man with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy received a cadaver liver, and his native liver was transplanted into a 53-year-old man with polycystic liver and kidney disease. The cadaveric liver allograft was transplanted by the conventional technique. The graft taken from the first recipient had four outflow orifices (the left, middle, and right hepatic veins, and upper vena cava), for which a single orifice was created at the back table. This graft was transplanted in piggy-back fashion. The first recipient developed acute rejection on day 13 and hepatic artery stenosis on day 36. These were treated by steroid recycle therapy and percutaneous transarterial angioplasty. He was discharged on day 57 with normal liver function. The second recipient underwent re-operation for bleeding from the right adrenal gland and left thoracic cavity. He was diagnosed with acute rejection on day 7, which was treated by steroid pulse therapy. He was discharged uneventfully on day 39 with normal liver function.

Decrease of spasticity after hybrid assistive limb® training for a patient with C4 quadriplegia due to chronic SCI.

PubMed

Ikumi, Akira; Kubota, Shigeki; Shimizu, Yukiyo; Kadone, Hideki; Marushima, Aiki; Ueno, Tomoyuki; Kawamoto, Hiroaki; Hada, Yasushi; Matsumura, Akira; Sankai, Yoshiyuki; Yamazaki, Masashi

2017-09-01

Recently, locomotor training with robotic assistance has been found effective in treating spinal cord injury (SCI). Our case report examined locomotor training using the robotic suit hybrid assistive limb (HAL) in a patient with complete C4 quadriplegia due to chronic SCI. This is the first report examining HAL in complete C4 quadriplegia. The patient was a 19-year-old man who dislocated C3/4 during judo 4 years previously. Following the injury, he underwent C3/4 posterior spinal fusion but remained paralyzed despite rehabilitation. There was muscle atrophy under C5 level and no sensation around the anus, but partial sensation of pressure remained in the limbs. The American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale was Grade A (complete motor C4 lesion). HAL training was administered in 10 sessions (twice per week). The training sessions consisted of treadmill walking with HAL. For safety, 2 physicians and 1 therapist supported the subject for balance and weight-bearing. The device's cybernic autonomous control mode provides autonomic physical support based on predefined walking patterns. We evaluated the adverse events, walking time and distance, and the difference in muscle spasticity before and after HAL-training using a modified Ashworth scale (mAs). No adverse events were observed that required discontinuation of rehabilitation. Walking distance and time increased from 25.2 meters/7.6 minutes to 148.3 meter/15 minutes. The mAs score decreased after HAL training. Our case report indicates that HAL training is feasible and effective for complete C4 quadriplegia in chronic SCI.

Successful outcome of transplant of kidneys recovered from a brain-dead liver transplant recipient: case report.

PubMed

Domagała, Piotr; Kwiatkowski, Artur; Drozdowski, Jakub; Ostrowski, Krzysztof; Wszola, Michal; Diuwe, Piotr; Durlik, Magdalena; Paczek, Leszek; Chmura, Andrzej

2012-12-01

Few reports describing the use of organs donated by transplant recipients have been published. In this case report, kidneys procured from a brain-dead liver recipient were transplanted successfully. A 21-year-old man was referred for liver transplant after an overdose of acetaminophen. The patient's kidney function was initially normal, with proper urine production and normal kidney laboratory parameters. On the third day after admission, the patient's kidney laboratory parameters became elevated and hepatic encephalopathy requiring mechanical ventilation developed. An orthotopic liver transplant was performed the next day. The patient did not recover consciousness, and brain death was diagnosed on the third day after the liver transplant surgery. The maximum serum concentration of creatinine was 5.8 mg/dL (513 μmol/L) before kidney recovery, and urine production was normal. The kidneys were recovered with organ-perfusion support and were preserved by using machine perfusion. The kidneys were transplanted into 2 male recipients. Twelve months after transplant, the recipients remained in good health with satisfactory kidney function. This case demonstrates that transplanting kidneys recovered from liver transplant recipients is possible and beneficial, thus expanding the pool of potential donors.

Mummification in the Ancient and New World.

PubMed

Rosso, Ana Maria

2014-01-01

In the Ancient and New World there was a custom to preserve the corpse in a natural and artificial way. Since Paleolithic man believed in an afterlife and even in Mesoamerica and the Andes cultures, care and ceremony were practiced to the burial of the dead in an ancestral cult. Mortuary rituals were developed in Pre-dynastic Egypt (4500-3100 BC) but apparently they had begun before in America, c. 5000 BC. Mummies served for assisting the soul to survive and for preventing the dead from frightening the livings. Incas arrived at a point of perfection in these practices after other Andean cultures but we should not forget their older predecessors, the Chinchorro culture on the arid coast of the Atacama Desert. Different steps in the technique can be distinguished in both worlds: natural desiccation covered by animal skins, methods to protect the body skin and flesh removal, replacement with clay; black, red or mud-coated corpses, evisceration, body cavity treatment, cleansing and anointing the interior, brain removal, mummified bodies, corpses covered with natron, before being washed and bandaged or wrapped. It will be necessary to carefully check dates, techniques and periods in the two zones to establish exactly the evolution of the methods applied.

Demographic patterns of the shrub Ceanothus megacarpus in an old stand of chaparral in the Santa Monica Mountains

USGS Publications Warehouse

Montygierd-Loyba, T. M.; Keeley, J.E.; DeVries, J.J.

1986-01-01

Wildfires have had a major influence on the structural and functional adaptations that have evolved in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Some chaparral shrubs sprout after fires while others produce serotinous cones or seeds refractory to germination until they are cued by a fire. Ceanothus megacarpus is a sclerophylous shrub commonly found in California in either pure of mixed stands which does not survive fires but whose seeds germinate following a fire. Because in recent decades man-made fires have become frequent, few older stands remain, and they have been described as "decadent" or "senescent." Since data on older chaparral stands are scarce, a stand of chaparral in the Santa Monica Mountains of southern California, which last burned in 1929 was studied in an effort to elucidate the survivorship patterns and community structure of Ceanothus megacarpus as it ages. Ceanothus is responsible for 68 percent of the basal coverage at this mixed stand, and one-eighth of the Ceanothus were found to be dead. Over 130 such dead individuals were cut at ground level and aged by ring counts to establish the survivorship curve for this species in this chaparral community in the absence of fires.

Geochemistry of fluid phases and sediments: Relevance to hydrothermal circulation in Middle Valley, ODP Legs 139 and 169

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gieskes, J.M.; Simoneit, B.R.T.; Shanks, Wayne C.; Goodfellow, W.D.; James, R.H.; Baker, P.A.; Ishibashi, J.-I.

2002-01-01

Geochemical and isotopic studies of pore fluids and solid phases recovered from the Dead Dog and Bent Hill hydrothermal sites in Middle Valley (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 169) have been compared with similar data obtained previously from these sites during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 139. Although generally the hydrothermal systems reflect non-steady state conditions, the data allow an assessment of the history of the hydrothermal processes. Sediment K/A1 ratios as well as the distribution of anhydrite in the sediments suggest that the Dead Dog hydrothermal field has been, and still is, active. In contrast, similar data in the Bent Hill hydrothermal field indicate a waning of hydrothermal activity. Pore fluid and hydrothermal vent data in the Dead Dog hydrothermal field are similar in nature to the data collected during ODP Leg 139. In the area of the Bent Hill sulfide deposit, however, the pore water data indicate that recent wholesale flushing of the sediment column with relatively unaltered seawater has obliterated a previous record of hydrothermal activity in the pore fluids. Data from the deepest part of Hole 1035A in the Bent Hill locality show the presence of hydrothermal fluids at greater depths in this area. This suggests the origin of the hydrothermal fluids found to be emanating from Hole 1035F, which constitutes one of the first man made hydrothermal vents in the Middle Valley hydrothermal system. Similarly, CORKed Hole 858G, because of seal failures, has acted as a hydrothermal vent, with sulfide deposits forming inside the CORK. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Heterosigma bloom and associated fish kill

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hershberger, P.K.; Rensel, J.E.; Postel, J.R.; Taub, F.B.

1997-01-01

A bloom of the harmful marine phytoplankton, Heterosigma carterae occurred in upper Case Inlet, south Puget Sound, Washington in late September, 1994, correlating with the presence of at least 35 dead salmon. This marks the first time that this alga has been closely correlated with a wild fish kill; in the past it was thought to be associated with kills of penned fish at fish farms only. We were informed of the presence of a possible harmful algal bloom and dead salinois Ilear the town of Allyn on 27 September and a team was formed to investigate. We arrived at the Allyn waterfront at 17:30 hours the same day. Prior to our arrival, state agency personnel walked approximatcly two miles of shoreline from the powerlines north of the dock, to the mouth of Sherwood Creek and conducted the only official count of dead fish present along the shore consisting of 12 coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), 11 chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), 12 chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha), one flat fish, and one sculpin on the morning of 9/27. Since previous harmful blooms of Heterosigma have resultedin the majority of net penreared salmon sinking to the bottom of pens, and only approximately two miles of shoreline were sampled, it is suspected that many more exposed fish may have succumbed than were counted. Witnesses who explored the east side of the bay reported seeing many dead salmon there as well, but no counts were made. State agency personnel who observed the fish kill reported seeing “dying fish coming to the beach, gulping at the surface, trying to get out of the water” Scavengers were seen consuming the salmon carcasses; these included two harbor seals, a house cat, and Hymenopteran insects. None suffered any noticeable acute ill effects. Although precise cause of death has not been ascertained, visual inspection of the reproductive organs from a deceased male chum salmon found on the shore at Allyn confirmed that the fish was not yet reproductively mature and therefore did not die from completion of the spawning process.

Cyanide Suicide After Deep Web Shopping: A Case Report.

PubMed

Le Garff, Erwan; Delannoy, Yann; Mesli, Vadim; Allorge, Delphine; Hédouin, Valéry; Tournel, Gilles

2016-09-01

Cyanide is a product that is known for its use in industrial or laboratory processes, as well as for intentional intoxication. The toxicity of cyanide is well described in humans with rapid inhibition of cellular aerobic metabolism after ingestion or inhalation, leading to severe clinical effects that are frequently lethal. We report the case of a young white man found dead in a hotel room after self-poisoning with cyanide ordered in the deep Web. This case shows a probable complex suicide kit use including cyanide, as a lethal tool, and dextromethorphan, as a sedative and anxiolytic substance. This case is an original example of the emerging deep Web shopping in illegal drug procurement.

Social consequence of disease in the American South, 1900-World War II.

PubMed

Martin, Mike G; Humphreys, Margaret E

2006-08-01

The early 20th century Southerner lived in a disease environment created by a confluence of poverty, climate and the legacy of slavery. A deadly trio of pellagra, hookworm and malaria enervated the poor Southerner--man, woman and child--creating a dull, weakened people ill equipped to prosper in the modem world. The Northern perceptions of the South as a backward and sickly region were only compounded by the realization that her population was malnourished, infected by worms, and continually plagued by agues and fevers. As historian John Duffy concluded, "As a chronically debilitating disease, it [malaria] shared with the other two the responsibility for the term 'lazy Southerner".

An Adaptive Method for Switching between Pedestrian/Car Indoor Positioning Algorithms based on Multilayer Time Sequences

PubMed Central

Gu, Zhining; Guo, Wei; Li, Chaoyang; Zhu, Xinyan; Guo, Tao

2018-01-01

Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) positioning algorithms can be used to obtain a target’s location only for movement with step features and not for driving, for which the trilateral Bluetooth indoor positioning method can be used. In this study, to obtain the precise locations of different states (pedestrian/car) using the corresponding positioning algorithms, we propose an adaptive method for switching between the PDR and car indoor positioning algorithms based on multilayer time sequences (MTSs). MTSs, which consider the behavior context, comprise two main aspects: filtering of noisy data in small-scale time sequences and using a state chain to reduce the time delay of algorithm switching in large-scale time sequences. The proposed method can be expected to realize the recognition of stationary, walking, driving, or other states; switch to the correct indoor positioning algorithm; and improve the accuracy of localization compared to using a single positioning algorithm. Our experiments show that the recognition of static, walking, driving, and other states improves by 5.5%, 45.47%, 26.23%, and 21% on average, respectively, compared with convolutional neural network (CNN) method. The time delay decreases by approximately 0.5–8.5 s for the transition between states and by approximately 24 s for the entire process. PMID:29495503

Marine envenomations and aquatic dermatology.

PubMed

Soppe, G G

1989-08-01

Jellyfish stings are usually mild except those caused by species in the South Pacific. The box jellyfish can produce a severe cardiorespiratory insult. The sting of the Portuguese man-of-war is more potent than that of the common jellyfish. The Indo-Pacific area is the source of the most venomous bony fish. Many injuries can be avoided by wearing shoes when walking in shallow water or tide pools. Aquatic-related skin infections may involve unusual organisms. Swimmer's itch, a disease of freshwater bathing, is caused by cercariae. Seabather's eruption produces a rash in swimsuit-covered areas; the etiology is not clear.

KSC-99pp0935

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-07-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During an anniversary banquet honoring the Apollo program team, the people who made the entire lunar landing program possible, former Apollo astronauts Neil Armstrong (left) and Gene Cernan talk about their experiences. The banquet was held in the Apollo/Saturn V Center, part of the KSC Visitor Complex. This is the 30th anniversary of the Apollo 11 launch and moon landing, July 16 and July 20, 1969. Other guests at the banquet were astronauts Wally Schirra, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin and Walt Cunningham. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon; Gene Cernan was the last

KSC-99pp0931

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-07-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Former Apollo astronauts Neil Armstrong (left) and Gene Cernan entertain the audience during an anniversary banquet honoring the Apollo program team, the people who made the entire lunar landing program possible. The banquet was held in the Apollo/Saturn V Center, part of the KSC Visitor Complex. This is the 30th anniversary of the Apollo 11 launch and moon landing, July 16 and July 20, 1969. Other guests at the banquet were astronauts Wally Schirra, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin and Walt Cunningham. Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon; Cernan was the last

KSC-99pp0932

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-07-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Former Apollo astronauts Neil Armstrong (left) and Gene Cernan entertain the audience during an anniversary banquet honoring the Apollo program team, the people who made the entire lunar landing program possible. The banquet was held in the Apollo/Saturn V Center, part of the KSC Visitor Complex. This is the 30th anniversary of the Apollo 11 launch and moon landing, July 16 and July 20, 1969. Other guests at the banquet were astronauts Wally Schirra, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin and Walt Cunningham. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon; Gene Cernan was the last

KSC-99pp0933

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-07-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Former Apollo astronauts Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin (left) and Gene Cernan share stories about their missions for an audience attending an anniversary banquet honoring the Apollo program team, the people who made the entire lunar landing program possible. The banquet was held in the Apollo/Saturn V Center, part of the KSC Visitor Complex. This is the 30th anniversary of the Apollo 11 launch and moon landing, July 16 and July 20, 1969. Other guests at the banquet were astronauts Wally Schirra, Gene Cernan and Walt Cunningham. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon; Gene Cernan was the last

KSC-99pp0934

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-07-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At an anniversary banquet honoring the Apollo program team, the people who made the entire lunar landing program possible, Center Director Roy D. Bridges offers remarks. The banquet was held in the Apollo/Saturn V Center, part of the KSC Visitor Complex. This is the 30th anniversary of the Apollo 11 launch and moon landing, July 16 and July 20, 1969. Among the guests at the banquet were astronauts Neil Armstrong, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin, Wally Schirra, Gene Cernan and Walt Cunningham. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon; Gene Cernan was the last

KSC-99pp0936

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-07-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During an anniversary banquet honoring the Apollo program team, the people who made the entire lunar landing program possible, former Apollo astronauts Neil Armstrong (left) and Gene Cernan talk about their experiences. The banquet was held in the Apollo/Saturn V Center, part of the KSC Visitor Complex. This is the 30th anniversary of the Apollo 11 launch and moon landing, July 16 and July 20, 1969. Other guests at the banquet were astronauts Wally Schirra, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin and Walt Cunningham. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon; Gene Cernan was the last

Removal of metabolic heat from man working in a protective suit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shitzer, A.; Chato, J. C.; Hertig, B. A.

1972-01-01

A water cooled garment was constructed and used to study the characteristics of independent regional cooling of the body in contrast to the current practice of uniform cooling. The cooling pads in the garment were grouped to provide independent control of water inlet temperatures and flow rates to six regions: head, upper torso, lower torso, arms, thighs, and lower legs. Experiments with and without the cooling suit were conducted with five test subjects standing and walking on a treadmill on selected schedules. Steady state and, to a lesser extent, transient characteristics were obtained.

[A case of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to infective endocarditis by methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcus].

PubMed

Kajikawa, Shunsuke; Oeda, Tomoko; Park, Kwiyoung; Yamamoto, Kenji; Sugiyama, Hiroshi; Sawada, Hideyuki

2017-12-27

A 77-year-old man visited our hospital with unstable gait following 2 months of anorexia. Brain MRI showed multiple infarcts; cardiac echocardiography revealed mitral-valve vegetation; and blood culture revealed methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci. The patient was diagnosed with infective endocarditis (IE). Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) developed ten days after antibiotic treatment. Intracranial aneurysm was not found. We speculated that chronic inflammation of the cerebral arterial walls by bacteria of low virulence was associated with SAH complication. The vegetation disappeared following additional gentamicin administration and the patient recovered to walk.

[A Case of Schwannoma Originating from the Sciatic Nerve].

PubMed

Nose, Yohei; Naito, Atsushi; Kato, Takeshi; Mori, Ryota; Oneda, Yasuo; Ishida, Tomo; Kuwahara, Ryuichi; Sakamoto, Takuya; Murakami, Kohei; Katsura, Yoshiteru; Ohmura, Yoshiaki; Kagawa, Yoshinori; Takeno, Atsushi; Takeda, Yutaka; Tamura, Shigeyuki

2016-11-01

A 75-year-old man was admitted with abdominal pain and taken to our hospital. CT and MRI showed a tumor measuring 60mm in diameter in the pelvic cavity. Based on the imaging findings, we suspected a schwannoma and decided to perform surgery. As the tumor was found to be benign in intraoperative frozen section diagnosis, the tumor was enucleated. Histopathological findings showed no nuclear atypia, and the patient was diagnosed with a schwannoma. He complained of paresthesia in his right leg after surgery, and underwent walking training. Six months after surgery, no recurrence was found.

U.S. Commercial Cargo Spaceship Heads to the International Space Station

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-12

Orbital ATK’s Antares rocket blasted off Nov. 11 from the Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia to send the company’s Cygnus spacecraft to orbit on the start of a two-day journey to deliver 3 ½ tons of supplies and science experiments to the International Space Station. Dubbed the “SS Gene Cernan” after the late Gemini and Apollo astronaut who was the last man to walk on the moon, Cygnus is scheduled to arrive at the station Nov. 13 where it will be attached to the Unity module for a three-week stay.

Influence of virtual reality soccer game on walking performance in robotic assisted gait training for children.

PubMed

Brütsch, Karin; Schuler, Tabea; Koenig, Alexander; Zimmerli, Lukas; -Koeneke, Susan Mérillat; Lünenburger, Lars; Riener, Robert; Jäncke, Lutz; Meyer-Heim, Andreas

2010-04-22

Virtual reality (VR) offers powerful therapy options within a functional, purposeful and motivating context. Several studies have shown that patients' motivation plays a crucial role in determining therapy outcome. However, few studies have demonstrated the potential of VR in pediatric rehabilitation. Therefore, we developed a VR-based soccer scenario, which provided interactive elements to engage patients during robotic assisted treadmill training (RAGT). The aim of this study was to compare the immediate effect of different supportive conditions (VR versus non-VR conditions) on motor output in patients and healthy control children during training with the driven gait orthosis Lokomat*. A total of 18 children (ten patients with different neurological gait disorders, eight healthy controls) took part in this study. They were instructed to walk on the Lokomat in four different, randomly-presented conditions: (1) walk normally without supporting assistance, (2) with therapists' instructions to promote active participation, (3) with VR as a motivating tool to walk actively and (4) with the VR tool combined with therapists' instructions. The Lokomat gait orthosis is equipped with sensors at hip and knee joint to measure man-machine interaction forces. Additionally, subjects' acceptance of the RAGT with VR was assessed using a questionnaire. The mixed ANOVA revealed significant main effects for the factor CONDITIONS (p < 0.001) and a significant interaction CONDITIONS x GROUP (p = 0.01). Tests of between-subjects effects showed no significant main effect for the GROUP (p = 0.592). Active participation in patients and control children increased significantly when supported and motivated either by therapists' instructions or by a VR scenario compared with the baseline measurement "normal walking" (p < 0.001). The VR scenario used here induces an immediate effect on motor output to a similar degree as the effect resulting from verbal instructions by the therapists. Further research needs to focus on the implementation of interactive design elements, which keep motivation high across and beyond RAGT sessions, especially in pediatric rehabilitation.

Characterization and Expression Analysis of Genes Directing Galactomannan Synthesis in Coffee

PubMed Central

Pré, Martial; Caillet, Victoria; Sobilo, Julien; McCarthy, James

2008-01-01

Background and Aims Galactomannans act as storage reserves for the seeds in some plants, such as guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) and coffee (Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora). In coffee, the galactomannans can represent up to 25 % of the mass of the mature green coffee grain, and they exert a significant influence on the production of different types of coffee products. The objective of the current work was to isolate and characterize cDNA encoding proteins responsible for galactomannan synthesis in coffee and to study the expression of the corresponding transcripts in the developing coffee grain from C. arabica and C. canephora, which potentially exhibit slight galactomannan variations. Comparative gene expression analysis was also carried out for several other tissues of C. arabica and C. canephora. Methods cDNA banks, RACE-PCR and genome walking were used to generate full-length cDNA for two putative coffee mannan synthases (ManS) and two galactomannan galactosyl transferases (GMGT). Gene-specific probe-primer sets were then generated and used to carry out comparative expression analysis of the corresponding genes in different coffee tissues using quantitative RT-PCR Key Results Two of the putative galactomannan biosynthetic genes, ManS1 and GMGT1, were demonstrated to have very high expression in the developing coffee grain of both Coffea species during endosperm development, consistent with our proposal that these two genes are responsible for the production of the majority of the galactomannans found in the grain. In contrast, the expression data presented indicates that the ManS2 gene product is probably involved in the synthesis of the galactomannans found in green tissue. Conclusions The identification of genes implicated in galactomannan synthesis in coffee are presented. The data obtained will enable more detailed studies on the biosynthesis of this important component of coffee grain and contribute to a better understanding of some functional differences between grain from C. arabica and C. canephora. PMID:18562467

The transect method: a novel approach to on-farm welfare assessment of commercial turkeys

PubMed Central

Marchewka, Joanna; Estevez, Inma; Vezzoli, Giuseppe; Ferrante, Valentina; Makagon, Maja M.

2015-01-01

Currently, no animal-based protocol for on-farm welfare assessment of commercial turkeys is available. The birds’ size and flighty nature make obtaining a representative sample using traditional methods difficult. The transect walks (TW) approach provides a potential alternative for on-farm assessments of turkey welfare. We compared the TW approach with a traditional method, and data collected as the birds were moved out of the house during the load out process (L). Ten commercial 19- to 20-week-old Hybrid turkey flocks were evaluated (1 flock/house/farm). Half of the flocks were housed on farms deemed as “faring well” by the company, the other half were on “suboptimal” farms. Each house was subdivided longitudinally into 4 transects. Two observers walked the transects in random order, recording the total number of birds per transect that were immobile; lame; aggressive towards a mate; interacting with humans; with visible head, vent, or back wounds; engaging in mounting behaviors; small; featherless; dirty; sick; terminal; or dead. Flocks were re-evaluated on the same day using the individual sampling method (S), where randomly selected birds were scored as they took 10 steps. Flocks were re-assessed within 48 h of the transect evaluation, as birds were funneled out of the house during load out. Using ANOVAs we determined the effects of observers, method, management, and their interactions on proportions of turkeys per house within each category. Outcome parameters were not affected by management (P > 0.05 for all) or observer (P > 0.05 for most), but an assessment method effect was detected (P < 0.05). S differed from the 2 other methods (P < 0.05) for most parameters except aggression towards a mate, back wounds, dirty, sick, and vent wounds. Differences were not detected between data collected using TW and during L, except for dead (P = 0.0007) and immobile (P = 0.007). Results suggest that the TW method is a promising tool for on-farm turkey welfare assessment as it produced results similar to those obtained at L when all birds could be scored individually. PMID:25577791

The transect method: a novel approach to on-farm welfare assessment of commercial turkeys.

PubMed

Marchewka, Joanna; Estevez, Inma; Vezzoli, Giuseppe; Ferrante, Valentina; Makagon, Maja M

2015-01-01

Currently, no animal-based protocol for on-farm welfare assessment of commercial turkeys is available. The birds' size and flighty nature make obtaining a representative sample using traditional methods difficult. The transect walks (TW) approach provides a potential alternative for on-farm assessments of turkey welfare. We compared the TW approach with a traditional method, and data collected as the birds were moved out of the house during the load out process (L). Ten commercial 19- to 20-week-old Hybrid turkey flocks were evaluated (1 flock/house/farm). Half of the flocks were housed on farms deemed as "faring well" by the company, the other half were on "suboptimal" farms. Each house was subdivided longitudinally into 4 transects. Two observers walked the transects in random order, recording the total number of birds per transect that were immobile; lame; aggressive towards a mate; interacting with humans; with visible head, vent, or back wounds; engaging in mounting behaviors; small; featherless; dirty; sick; terminal; or dead. Flocks were re-evaluated on the same day using the individual sampling method (S), where randomly selected birds were scored as they took 10 steps. Flocks were re-assessed within 48 h of the transect evaluation, as birds were funneled out of the house during load out. Using ANOVAs we determined the effects of observers, method, management, and their interactions on proportions of turkeys per house within each category. Outcome parameters were not affected by management (P>0.05 for all) or observer (P>0.05 for most), but an assessment method effect was detected (P<0.05). S differed from the 2 other methods (P<0.05) for most parameters except aggression towards a mate, back wounds, dirty, sick, and vent wounds. Differences were not detected between data collected using TW and during L, except for dead (P=0.0007) and immobile (P=0.007). Results suggest that the TW method is a promising tool for on-farm turkey welfare assessment as it produced results similar to those obtained at L when all birds could be scored individually. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Poultry Science Association.

[Fall from height--surprising autopsy diagnosis in primarily unclear initial situations].

PubMed

Schyma, Christian; Doberentz, Elke; Madea, Burkhard

2012-01-01

External post-mortem examination and first police assessments are often not consistent with subsequent autopsy results. This is all the more surprising the more serious the injuries found at autopsy are. Such discrepancies result especially from an absence of gross external injuries, as demonstrated by four examples. A 42-year-old, externally uninjured male was found at night time in a helpless condition in the street and died in spite of resuscitation. Autopsy showed severe polytrauma with traumatic brain injury and lesions of the thoracic and abdominal organs. A jump from the third floor was identified as the cause. At dawn, a twenty-year-old male was found dead on the grounds of the adjacent house. Because of the blood-covered head the police assumed a traumatic head injury by strike impact. The external examination revealed only abrasions on the forehead and to a minor extent on the back. At autopsy a midfacial fracture, a trauma of the thorax and abdomen and fractures of the spine and pelvis were detected. Afterwards investigations showed that the man, intoxicated by alcohol, had fallen from the flat roof of a multistoried house. A 77-year-old man was found unconscious on his terrace at day time; a cerebral seizure was assumed. He was transferred to emergency care where he died. The corpse was externally inconspicuous. Autopsy revealed serious traumatic injuries of the brain, thorax, abdomen and pelvis, which could be explained by a fall from the balcony. A 47-year-old homeless person without any external injuries was found dead in a barn. An alcohol intoxication was assumed. At autopsy severe injuries of the brain and cervical spine were found which were the result of a fall from a height of 5 m. On the basis of an external post-mortem examination alone gross blunt force trauma cannot be reliably excluded.

The association between sleep duration and physical performance in Chinese community-dwelling elderly.

PubMed

Fu, Liyuan; Jia, Liye; Zhang, Wen; Han, Peipei; Kang, Li; Ma, Yixuan; Yu, Hairui; Zhai, Tianqi; Chen, Xiaoyu; Guo, Qi

2017-01-01

Physical performance is an important healthy factor in elder people. Good living habits, which include sleep, can maintain physical strength and physical performance. The aim of the present study was to conduct a cross-sectional study to determine the association between total sleep duration and physical performance. Our study population comprised residents of the township central hospital in the suburban of Tianjin, China. We measured muscle strength, walk speed and balance function by grip, 4-m walk test and timed up and go test (TUGT). We divided sleep duration into four groups <7h, 7-8h, >8-9h, >9h. A total 898 participants had completed data (392 men and 506 women, mean age 67.71 years). In man, adjusted sleep duration was associated with lower grip in > 9 h group, the mean value (95% CI) was 0.429 (0.409, 0.448), and longer TUGT time was also associated with long sleep duration, 10.46s (9.97 s, 10.95 s). In women, adjusted slower 4-m walk speed present an inverse U-shaped relation with sleep duration, by 0.93 m/s (0.86 m/s, 0.98 m/s), 0.97 m/s (0.96 m/s, 1.00 m/s), 0.97 m/s (0.95 m/s, 0.99 m/s) and 0.92 m/s (0.89 m/s, 0.96 m/s); longer TUGT time were associated with long sleep duration (> 9 h), by 11.23 s (10.70 s, 11.77 s). In Chinese community-dwelling elderly, lower muscle strength and lower balance function were associated with long sleep duration in men. Slower walk speed and lower balance function were associated with long sleep duration in women.

Neuroborreliosis with extrapyramidal symptoms: a case report.

PubMed

Biesiada, Grazyna; Czapiel, Jacek; Sobczyk-Krupiarz, Iwona; Garlicki, Aleksander; Mach, Tomasz

2008-05-01

The disease of Lyme is a tick-borne infection. It involves skin, the nervous system, joints and the heart. Spirochaeta Borrelia burgdorferi is the etiologic agent of the disease. In the majority of cases, clinical symptoms, like migrating erythema, occur from 3 to 30 days, sometimes to 3 months after a bite from a tick. The early disseminated infection involves multiple migrating erythema, neuroborreliosis, arthritis, myocarditis and other organ-related symptoms. The late stage of chronic infection involves chronic atrophic leg dermatitis, neurological and rheumatological symptoms, and other organ-related symptoms which persist for above 12 months. The diagnosis of the disease of Lyme is based upon specific clinical symptoms confirmed by serologic tests. The two-step diagnostic protocol including the ELISA method, confirmed by the Western-blot test, is optimal. The present article describes a case of a 59-year-old man, a computer specialist, who often spends his free time walking in woods for recreation, and who was bitten by a tick 3 years before hospitalization. The bite resulted in migrating erythema that subsided without antimicrobial treatment. In spite of this, the man had not changed his hobby exposing himself to bites from ticks. One year later, multiple migrating erythema and extrapyramidalis symptoms appeared without any other organ malfunctions. In the current year, the patient was admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital, and received antibiotics (ceftriaxon) with following neurological improvement. Several months later, extrapyramidal symptoms increased. On the day of admission to the hospital, the neurologic examination showed abnormalities of upper and lower limbs movements (propulsive walking and the right lower leg traction), the right hand tremor, pouts of the face, and sleepiness.

Detection and Quantification of Viable and Nonviable Trypanosoma cruzi Parasites by a Propidium Monoazide Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay

PubMed Central

Cancino-Faure, Beatriz; Fisa, Roser; Alcover, M. Magdalena; Jimenez-Marco, Teresa; Riera, Cristina

2016-01-01

Molecular techniques based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) allow the detection and quantification of DNA but are unable to distinguish between signals from dead or live cells. Because of the lack of simple techniques to differentiate between viable and nonviable cells, the aim of this study was to optimize and evaluate a straightforward test based on propidium monoazide (PMA) dye action combined with a qPCR assay (PMA-qPCR) for the selective quantification of viable/nonviable epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. PMA has the ability to penetrate the plasma membrane of dead cells and covalently cross-link to the DNA during exposure to bright visible light, thereby inhibiting PCR amplification. Different concentrations of PMA (50–200 μM) and epimastigotes of the Maracay strain of T. cruzi (1 × 105–10 parasites/mL) were assayed; viable and nonviable parasites were tested and quantified by qPCR with a TaqMan probe specific for T. cruzi. In the PMA-qPCR assay optimized at 100 μM PMA, a significant qPCR signal reduction was observed in the nonviable versus viable epimastigotes treated with PMA, with a mean signal reduction of 2.5 logarithm units and a percentage of signal reduction > 98%, in all concentrations of parasites assayed. This signal reduction was also observed when PMA-qPCR was applied to a mixture of live/dead parasites, which allowed the detection of live cells, except when the concentration of live parasites was low (10 parasites/mL). The PMA-qPCR developed allows differentiation between viable and nonviable epimastigotes of T. cruzi and could thus be a potential method of parasite viability assessment and quantification. PMID:27139452

Anomalous relaxation in fractal structures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fujiwara, S.; Yonezawa, F.

1995-03-01

For the purpose of studying some interesting properties of anomalous relaxation in fractal structures, we carry out Monte Carlo simulations of random walks on two-dimensional fractal structures (Sierpinski carpets with different cutouts and site-percolation clusters in a square lattice at the critical concentration). We find that the relaxation is of the Cole-Cole type [J. Chem. Phys. 9, 341 (1941)], which is one of the empirical laws of anomalous relaxation. Scaling properties are found in the relaxation function as well as in the particle density. We also find that, in strucures with almost the same fractal dimension, relaxation in structures withmore » dead ends is slower than that in structures without them. This paper ascertains that the essential aspects of the anomalous relaxation due to many-body effects can be explained in the framework of the one-body model.« less

Embodiment and Entangled Subjectivity: A Study of Robin Cook's Coma, Priscille Sibley's The Promise of Stardust and Alexander Beliaev's Professor Dowell's Head.

PubMed

Karmakar, Manali; Parui, Avishek

2018-03-22

The essay examines Robin Cook's (1977) Coma and Priscille Sibley's (2013) The Promise of Stardust that dramatize the reified and disposable status of the brain-dead patients who are classified as nonpersons. The essay argues that the man-machine entanglement as depicted in the novels constructs a deterritorialized and entangled form of subjectivity that intervenes in the dominant biomedical understanding of personhood and agency that we notionally associate with a conscious mind. The essay concludes its arguments by discussing Alexander Beliaev's (1925) Professor Dowell's Head which depicts human subjectivity as an essentially embodied and distributive phenomenon and interrogates the Cartesian mind body dualism embedded in the dominant biomedical narratives.

An unusual case of strychnine poisoning.

PubMed

Prat, Sebastien; Hoizey, Guillaume; Lefrancq, Thierry; Saint-Martin, Pauline

2015-05-01

Strychnine-related death has been described since the 19th century. This alkaloid was discovered in 1818. Historically, strychnine was used by the South-East Asian autochthones on their arrows. However, its production was modified by legislation, which was used to protect people against accidental intoxications. Here, we present the case of a 69-year-old man who was found dead at home. During the autopsy, we found a blue substance in the stomach. Toxicological analysis measured strychnine at 0.29 μg/mL in the blood sample, which is a relatively low level in comparison with the results given in the literature. However, histologic examination and toxicological findings permitted the conclusion of strychnine poisoning. © 2015 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

A Balancing Act: Scientists Seek to Reduce the Risk of Falls in the Elderly.

PubMed

Berglund, Jennifer

2017-01-01

It was the inaugural day of the study in 2005 when Brad Manor went out into the hot Louisiana sun to meet his first patient, a gentleman we'll call James. Manor, now director of the Mobility and Brain Function Lab at the Harvard-affiliated Institute for Aging Research, was, at that time, a Ph.D. student at Louisiana State University (Figure 1). James, a man in his early 70s, suffered from peripheral neuropathy, a condition that caused significant nerve damage in his legs and feet. James got out of his car, carrying his cane in his hand, and walked with Manor to the lab. It wasn't until they were standing still and talking in the exam room that James leaned on his cane with its tip on the floor to stabilize himself. Manor was surprised. "That's opposite to what we typically think," he remarks, looking back on the incident. "Intuitively, standing seems simpler than walking." But James had much more difficulty standing and was actually quite competent while in motion.

The man and the hill

USGS Publications Warehouse

Leopold, Luna Bergere

1962-01-01

He was sitting on a large slab of rock. As he looked at the cloud of dust hanging hazily on the horizon, the piece of antler and the block of flint he held in his hand hung as if they were suspended from their previous rapid motion. The man gazed intently across the swaying grass which rose in wave-like billows across the distant hills. What was that dust - a herd of buffalo, a band of hunters, or were coyotes chasing the antelope again? After watching for a while he started again to chip the flint with a rapid twisting motion of the bone in his right hand. The little chips of flint fell in the grass before him. It is the same hill but the scene has changed. Seated on the same rock, holding the reins of a saddle horse, a man dressed in buckskin took the fur cap off his head and wiped his brow. He was looking intently across a brown and desolate landscape at a cloud of dust on the far horizon. Was it the hostile tribe of Indians? It could be buffalo. Nervously he kicked at the ground with the deerhide moccasin, pushing the flint chips out of the way. He wiped the dust from his long rifle. What a terrible place - no water, practically no grass, everything bare and brown. Now at sunset, slanting across the hills green with springtime, a cowman sits on a big rock, pushes his sombrero back on his head, and looks across the valley at a large but quiet herd of stock, moving slowly as each steer walks from one lush patch of grass to another, nibbling. Suddenly he stood up. Far on the horizon some dark objects were moving. Is it the sheepmen? Could it be the stage coach from Baggs to the Sweetwater Crossing?Same hill - a gray truck was grinding slowly toward the summit. It pulled up near a small fenced enclosure where there were some instruments painted a bright silver color. A man stepped out of the truck and turned to his younger companion, "You've never found an arrowhead? Maybe you have never thought about it correctly. If you want to find where an Indian camped long ago, put yourself in his place. Where would he sit to chip flint? He would take some high hill above a grassy valley where the breeze would cool him and where he could look across the country, watching for game or for enemies. If I were an Indian, that's what I would do. You change the chart of the rain gage and I am going to walk up to the place where I think he might have sat." He walked over to the crest of the hill and, near a large slab of sandstone, started to pick up pieces of flint. This is an oft-repeated story. A given hill is repeatedly visited, used, loved or hated, protected or marred, by successive generations of men. All these men had characteristics in common. They had a job to do, a livelihood to make; they had their own plans, their own fears, but they were in one way or another connected with the land.

View of Saudi Arabia and north eastern Africa from the Apollo 17 spacecraft

NASA Image and Video Library

1972-12-09

AS17-148-22718 (7-19 Dec. 1972) --- This excellent view of Saudi Arabia and the north eastern portion of the African continent was photographed by the Apollo 17 astronauts with a hand-held camera on their trans-lunar coast toward man's last lunar visit. Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia are some of the African nations are visible. Iran, Iraq, Jordan are not so clearly visible because of cloud cover and their particular location in the picture. India is dimly visible at right of frame. The Red Sea is seen entirely in this one single frame, a rare occurrence in Apollo photography or any photography taken from manned spacecraft. The Gulf of Suez, the Dead Sea, Gulf of Aden, Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman are also visible. This frame is one of 169 frames on film magazine NN carried aboard Apollo 17, all of which are SO368 (color) film. A 250mm lens on a 70mm Hasselblad camera recorded the image, one of 92 taken during the trans-lunar coast. Note AS17-148-22727 (also magazine NN) for an excellent full Earth picture showing the entire African continent.

Quantifying viable Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Listeria monocytogenes simultaneously in raw shrimp.

PubMed

Zhang, Zhaohuan; Liu, Haiquan; Lou, Yang; Xiao, Lili; Liao, Chao; Malakar, Pradeep K; Pan, Yingjie; Zhao, Yong

2015-08-01

A novel TaqMan-based multiplex real-time PCR method combined with propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment was firstly developed for the simultaneous quantification of viable Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Listeria monocytogenes in raw shrimp. The optimization of PMA concentration showed that 100 μM was considered optimal to effectively inhibit 10(8) CFU/mL dead cells of both bacteria. The high specificity of this method was confirmed on tests using 96 target and non-target strains. The optimized assay could detect as low as 10(1)-10(2) CFU/g of each strain on the artificially contaminated shrimp, and its amplification efficiencies were up to 100 and 106 % for V. parahaemolyticus and L. monocytogenes, respectively. Furthermore, this assay has been successfully applied to describe the behavior of these two pathogens in raw shrimps stored at 4 °C. In conclusion, this PMA TaqMan-based multiplex real-time PCR technique, where the whole procedure takes less than 5 h, provides an effective and rapid tool for monitoring contamination of viable V. parahaemolyticus and L. monocytogenes in seafood, improving seafood safety and protecting public health.

Space Debris and Space Safety - Looking Forward

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ailor, W.; Krag, H.

Man's activities in space are creating a shell of space debris around planet Earth which provides a growing risk of collision with operating satellites and manned systems. Including both the larger tracked objects and the small, untracked debris, more than 98% of the estimated 600,000 objects larger than 1 cm currently in orbit are “space junk”--dead satellites, expended rocket stages, debris from normal operations, fragments from explosions and collisions, and other material. Recognizing the problem, space faring nations have joined together to develop three basic principles for minimizing the growth of the debris population: prevent on-orbit breakups, remove spacecraft and orbital stages that have reached the end of their mission operations from the useful densely populated orbit regions, and limit the objects released during normal operations. This paper provides an overview of what is being done to support these three principles and describes proposals that an active space traffic control service to warn satellite operators of pending collisions with large objects combined with a program to actively remove large objects may reduce the rate of future collisions. The paper notes that cost and cost effectiveness are important considerations that will affect the evolution of such systems.

Designing primers and evaluation of the efficiency of propidium monoazide - Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for counting the viable cells of Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus salivarius.

PubMed

Lai, Chieh-Hsien; Wu, Sih-Rong; Pang, Jen-Chieh; Ramireddy, Latha; Chiang, Yu-Cheng; Lin, Chien-Ku; Tsen, Hau-Yang

2017-07-01

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of using propidium monoazide (PMA) real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to count the viable cells of Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus salivarius in probiotic products. Based on the internal transcription spacer and 23S rRNA genes, two primer sets specific for these two Lactobacillus species were designed. For a probiotic product, the total deMan Rogosa Sharpe plate count was 8.65±0.69 log CFU/g, while for qPCR, the cell counts of L. gasseri and L. salivarius were 8.39±0.14 log CFU/g and 8.57±0.24 log CFU/g, respectively. Under the same conditions, for its heat-killed product, qPCR counts for L. gasseri and L. salivarius were 6.70±0.16 log cells/g and 7.67±0.20 log cells/g, while PMA-qPCR counts were 5.33±0.18 log cells/g and 5.05±0.23 log cells/g, respectively. For cell dilutions with a viable cell count of 8.5 log CFU/mL for L. gasseri and L. salivarius, after heat killing, the PMA-qPCR count for both Lactobacillus species was near 5.5 log cells/mL. When the PMA-qPCR counts of these cell dilutions were compared before and after heat killing, although some DNA might be lost during the heat killing, significant qPCR signals from dead cells, i.e., about 4-5 log cells/mL, could not be reduced by PMA treatment. Increasing PMA concentrations from 100 μM to 200 μM or light exposure time from 5 minutes to 15 minutes had no or, if any, only minor effect on the reduction of qPCR signals from their dead cells. Thus, to differentiate viable lactic acid bacterial cells from dead cells using the PMA-qPCR method, the efficiency of PMA to reduce the qPCR signals from dead cells should be notable. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Myositis as the initial presentation of panarteritis nodosa.

PubMed

Calvo, Romina; Negri, Melina; Ortiz, Alberto; Roverano, Susana; Paira, Sergio

2017-07-26

A 47-year-old man presented with weight loss, bilateral calf pain, fever, hypertension, orchitis and oligoarthritis. Lab tests: anemia and elevated muscle enzymes. Resonance magnetic imaging: hyperintensity in gastrocnemius muscles (myositis). Histologic exam of the muscles: inflammatory infiltrate with atrophy and perifascicular regeneration. methylprednisone (bolus) and cyclophosphamide. Muscle pain and swelling and difficulty in walking are common in panarteritis nodosa (PAN), whereas histologically demonstrated myositis is not. Even more rare is myositis as the initial presentation of this vasculitis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Reumatología y Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología. All rights reserved.

Space Shuttle: The Renewed Promise

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McAleer, Neil

1989-01-01

NASA celebrated its 30th anniversary in 1988, two days after the Space Shuttle soared into space once more. When Congress approved the creation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in 1958, the United States had successfully launched only four small satellites and no American astronaut had yet flown in space. In the three decades since, four generations of manned spacecraft have been built and flown, twelve men have walked on the Moon, more than 100 Americans have flown and worked in space, and communications satellites and other Space-Age technologies have transformed life on planet Earth. When NASA's Golden Anniversary is celebrated in 2008, it is likely that men and women will be permanently living and working in space. There may be a base on the Moon, and a manned mission to Mars may only be years away. If a brief history of the first half-century of the Space Age is written for that event, it will show clearly how the exploration of space has altered the course of human history and allowed us to take a better hold of our destiny on and off planet Earth.

Exercise Sensing and Pose Recovery Inference Tool (ESPRIT) - A Compact Stereo-based Motion Capture Solution For Exercise Monitoring

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Mun Wai

2015-01-01

Crew exercise is important during long-duration space flight not only for maintaining health and fitness but also for preventing adverse health problems, such as losses in muscle strength and bone density. Monitoring crew exercise via motion capture and kinematic analysis aids understanding of the effects of microgravity on exercise and helps ensure that exercise prescriptions are effective. Intelligent Automation, Inc., has developed ESPRIT to monitor exercise activities, detect body markers, extract image features, and recover three-dimensional (3D) kinematic body poses. The system relies on prior knowledge and modeling of the human body and on advanced statistical inference techniques to achieve robust and accurate motion capture. In Phase I, the company demonstrated motion capture of several exercises, including walking, curling, and dead lifting. Phase II efforts focused on enhancing algorithms and delivering an ESPRIT prototype for testing and demonstration.

Pediatric autopsy case of asphyxia due to salmon egg (ikura) aspiration.

PubMed

Takamiya, Masataka; Niitsu, Hisae; Saigusa, Kiyoshi; Dewa, Koji

2016-09-01

Here we report an autopsy case of asphyxia due to aspiration of a salmon egg (ikura) into the airway. The patient was a 19-month-old girl. During breakfast, she put salmon eggs into her mouth, and began to walk. She slipped, fell down, and collapsed. She was pronounced dead following 2 h of resuscitation. The body was autopsied 28 h after death. The gastric contents consisted of rice, orange sections, and white salmon eggs. The lungs were deeply congested and over-inflated. In the right lung, areas of atelectasis in the upper and middle lobes were seen. A yellow salmon egg (8 mm in diameter) was found in the trachea. Although fish eggs are consumed throughout the world, reports of this sort are limited. The aspiration of fish eggs is under-acknowledged and underreported. The importance of preventive measures needs to be emphasized to parents and caregivers. © 2016 Japan Pediatric Society.

Influence of virtual reality soccer game on walking performance in robotic assisted gait training for children

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Virtual reality (VR) offers powerful therapy options within a functional, purposeful and motivating context. Several studies have shown that patients' motivation plays a crucial role in determining therapy outcome. However, few studies have demonstrated the potential of VR in pediatric rehabilitation. Therefore, we developed a VR-based soccer scenario, which provided interactive elements to engage patients during robotic assisted treadmill training (RAGT). The aim of this study was to compare the immediate effect of different supportive conditions (VR versus non-VR conditions) on motor output in patients and healthy control children during training with the driven gait orthosis Lokomat®. Methods A total of 18 children (ten patients with different neurological gait disorders, eight healthy controls) took part in this study. They were instructed to walk on the Lokomat in four different, randomly-presented conditions: (1) walk normally without supporting assistance, (2) with therapists' instructions to promote active participation, (3) with VR as a motivating tool to walk actively and (4) with the VR tool combined with therapists' instructions. The Lokomat gait orthosis is equipped with sensors at hip and knee joint to measure man-machine interaction forces. Additionally, subjects' acceptance of the RAGT with VR was assessed using a questionnaire. Results The mixed ANOVA revealed significant main effects for the factor CONDITIONS (p < 0.001) and a significant interaction CONDITIONS × GROUP (p = 0.01). Tests of between-subjects effects showed no significant main effect for the GROUP (p = 0.592). Active participation in patients and control children increased significantly when supported and motivated either by therapists' instructions or by a VR scenario compared with the baseline measurement "normal walking" (p < 0.001). Conclusions The VR scenario used here induces an immediate effect on motor output to a similar degree as the effect resulting from verbal instructions by the therapists. Further research needs to focus on the implementation of interactive design elements, which keep motivation high across and beyond RAGT sessions, especially in pediatric rehabilitation. PMID:20412572

Cardiovascular, renal, electrolyte, and hormonal changes in man during gravitational stress, weightlessness, and simulated weightlessness: Lower body positive pressure applied by the antigravity suit. Thesis - Oslo Univ.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kravik, Stein E.

1989-01-01

Because of their erect posture, humans are more vulnerable to gravitational changes than any other animal. During standing or walking man must constantly use his antigravity muscles and his two columns, his legs, to balance against the force of gravity. At the same time, blood is surging downward to the dependent portions of the body, draining blood away from the brain and heart, and requiring a series of complex cardiovascular adjustments to maintain the human in a bipedal position. It was not until 12 April 1961, when Yuri Gagarin became the first human being to orbit Earth, that we could confirm man's ability to maintain vital functions in space -- at least for 90 min. Nevertheless, man's adaptation to weightlessness entails the deconditioning of various organs in the body. Muscles atrophy, and calcium loss leads to loss of bone strength as the demands on the musculoskeletal system are almost nonexistent in weightlessness. Because of the lack of hydrostatic pressures in space, blood rushes to the upper portions of the body, initiating a complex series of cardioregulatory responses. Deconditioning during spaceflight, however, first becomes a potentially serious problem in humans returning to Earth, when the cardiovascular system, muscles and bones are suddenly exposed to the demanding counterforce of gravity -- weight. One of the main purposes of our studies was to test the feasibility of using Lower Body Positive Pressure, applied with an antigravity suit, as a new and alternative technique to bed rest and water immersion for studying cardioregulatory, renal, electrolyte, and hormonal changes in humans. The results suggest that Lower Body Positive Pressure can be used as an analog of microgravity-induced physiological responses in humans.

[Etiology of combined inhalational hydrocyanic acid and carbon monoxide poisoning].

PubMed

Sigrist, T; Dirnhofer, R

1979-01-01

A young man was found dead in a kitchen, that was partly burnt. Autopsy revealed, as cause of death, a combined intoxication following inhalation of carbon monoxide and hydrocyanic acid. Own investigations on the pyrolysis of pieces of furniture found in the kitchen (plastic plates containing melamine and plates containing formaldehyde) showed, that hydrocyanic acid was liberated through combustion of such substances and inhaled by the victim. The poisoning picture is discussed, and discussion includes especially considerations on the peculiar sensitivity of the brain toward the action of hydrocyanic acid and the relative insensitivity of the heart muscle. It is thought that the cause of such sensitivity difference lies in the physiological differences of the intracellular energy production. Finally the dangers of combustion gases developing from burning plastic materials are reemphasized.

A drug fatality involving Kratom.

PubMed

Neerman, Michael F; Frost, Randall E; Deking, Janine

2013-01-01

A 17-year-old white man who showed no obvious signs of trauma was found unresponsive in bed and was pronounced dead at the scene. The decedent had a documented history of heroin abuse and chronic back pain and reportedly self-medicated with Kratom (mitragynine). The autopsy was remarkable only for pulmonary congestion and edema and a distended bladder, both of which are consistent with, though not diagnostic of, opiate use. A laboratory work-up revealed therapeutic levels of over-the-counter cold medications and benzodiazepines. However, of interest was a level of mitragynine at 0.60 mg/L. Given the facts of the case, the Medical Examiner certified the cause of death as "possible Kratom toxicity" and the manner of death was classified as "accident." © 2012 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Lepromatous leprosy treated with combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy (injection BCG): three case reports.

PubMed

Lakshmi, Chembolli; Srinivas, Chakravarthi Rangachari

2014-01-01

Lepromatous leprosy is associated with suppressed cell-mediated immunity (CMI). This results in failure of the body to mount an efficient immune response and may render chemotherapy ineffective. The lack of sufficient response may mimic drug resistance. Three case reports in which the immunity was stimulated by administering Injection BCG are presented. All three patients were initially anergic and showed no reaction at the Mantoux testing site, showing an inability to mount type IV hypersensitivity and characterized by live bacilli in smears. Following 1-4 doses of Injection BCG, all three showed dead bacilli in smears. The first case, a 61-year-old man with lepromatous leprosy who continued to show live bacilli in smears after prolonged chemotherapy, was administered a total of four BCG injections, following which he achieved clearance. The second, a 40-year-old man with borderline lepromatous leprosy and severe type 2 reactions, achieved bacterial clearance and control of severe reactions following a single injection. The third, a 67-year-old man with histoid leprosy, achieved effective bacterial killing with a single dose of Injection BCG. All three patients achieved good results when chemotherapy was combined with Injection BCG. Following Injection BCG, all three showed a reaction at the Mantoux testing site. Suppressed CMI may be responsible for the lack of response in recalcitrant cases of lepromatous leprosy. These case reports would lead to the trend in combination therapy (immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy) for such cases, and help lower the tendency for inappropriate diagnosis of drug-resistant leprosy. © 2013 The International Society of Dermatology.

One Small Step for a Man: Estimation of Gender, Age and Height from Recordings of One Step by a Single Inertial Sensor

PubMed Central

Riaz, Qaiser; Vögele, Anna; Krüger, Björn; Weber, Andreas

2015-01-01

A number of previous works have shown that information about a subject is encoded in sparse kinematic information, such as the one revealed by so-called point light walkers. With the work at hand, we extend these results to classifications of soft biometrics from inertial sensor recordings at a single body location from a single step. We recorded accelerations and angular velocities of 26 subjects using integrated measurement units (IMUs) attached at four locations (chest, lower back, right wrist and left ankle) when performing standardized gait tasks. The collected data were segmented into individual walking steps. We trained random forest classifiers in order to estimate soft biometrics (gender, age and height). We applied two different validation methods to the process, 10-fold cross-validation and subject-wise cross-validation. For all three classification tasks, we achieve high accuracy values for all four sensor locations. From these results, we can conclude that the data of a single walking step (6D: accelerations and angular velocities) allow for a robust estimation of the gender, height and age of a person. PMID:26703601

Evaluation of a MMW active through-the-wall surveillance system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Currie, Nicholas C.; Stiefvater, Kenneth

2002-08-01

This paper discusses the TWS data collected with a state-of- the-art 100 GHz radar imager developed for law enforcement use by Millivision, PPC. The system collects a cube of data consisting of 16 azimuth elements by 16 elevation elements by 256 range elements. The cube represents 11 degrees by 11 degrees by 25 m of coverage. The relatively narrow field-of- view (fov) was extended by physically moving the antenna in 11 degree segments and collecting data which is stitched together into larger images, e.g. a 3X3 stitched image represents 33 degrees by 33 degrees by 26 m of coverage. Unfortunately, this stitching process required up to 5 minutes to collect a single (3X3) stitched image. Thus, motion had to be simulated. The paper will discuss the phenomenology of the MMW radar return from various objects including walls, wall-corners, desks and other furniture, and persons simulating walking. Successive frames from a simulated move of a man and woman walking will be presented, and the actual movie shown at the presentation. Comments will be offered as to the practicality of active MMW imaging for TWS application.

Reducing robotic guidance during robot-assisted gait training improves gait function: a case report on a stroke survivor.

PubMed

Krishnan, Chandramouli; Kotsapouikis, Despina; Dhaher, Yasin Y; Rymer, William Z

2013-06-01

To test the feasibility of patient-cooperative robotic gait training for improving locomotor function of a chronic stroke survivor with severe lower-extremity motor impairments. Single-subject crossover design. Performed in a controlled laboratory setting. A 62-year-old man with right temporal lobe ischemic stroke was recruited for this study. The baseline lower-extremity Fugl-Meyer score of the subject was 10 on a scale of 34, which represented severe impairment in the paretic leg. However, the subject had a good ambulation level (community walker with the aid of a stick cane and ankle-foot orthosis) and showed no signs of sensory or cognitive impairments. The subject underwent 12 sessions (3 times per week for 4wk) of conventional robotic training with the Lokomat, where the robot provided full assistance to leg movements while walking, followed by 12 sessions (3 times per week for 4wk) of patient-cooperative robotic control training, where the robot provided minimal guidance to leg movements during walking. Clinical outcomes were evaluated before the start of the intervention, immediately after 4 weeks of conventional robotic training, and immediately after 4 weeks of cooperative control robotic training. These included: (1) self-selected and fast walking speed, (2) 6-minute walk test, (3) Timed Up & Go test, and (4) lower-extremity Fugl-Meyer score. Results showed that clinical outcomes changed minimally after full guidance robotic training, but improved considerably after 4 weeks of reduced guidance robotic training. The findings from this case study suggest that cooperative control robotic training is superior to conventional robotic training and is a feasible option to restoring locomotor function in ambulatory stroke survivors with severe motor impairments. A larger trial is needed to verify the efficacy of this advanced robotic control strategy in facilitating gait recovery after stroke. Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Random Walk of Single Gold Nanoparticles in Zebrafish Embryos Leading to Stochastic Toxic Effects on Embryonic Developments

PubMed Central

Browning, Lauren M.; Lee, Kerry J.; Huang, Tao; Nallathamby, Prakash D.; Lowman, Jill E.; Xu, Xiao-Hong Nancy

2010-01-01

We have synthesized and characterized stable (non-aggregation, non-photobleaching and non-blinking), nearly monodisperse and highly-purified Au nanoparticles, and used them to probe transport of cleavage-stage zebrafish embryos and to study their effects on embryonic development in real time. We found that single Au nanoparticles (11.6 ± 0.9 nm in diameter) passively diffused into chorionic space of the embryos via their chorionic-pore-canals and continued their random-walk through chorionic space and into inner mass of embryos. Diffusion coefficients of single nanoparticles vary dramatically (2.8×10-11 to 1.3×10-8 cm2/s) as nanoparticles diffuse through various parts of embryos, suggesting highly diverse transport barriers and viscosity gradients of embryos. The amount of Au nanoparticles accumulated in embryos increase with its concentration. Interestingly, their effects on embryonic development are not proportionally related to the concentration. Majority of embryos (74% on average) incubated chronically with 0.025-1.2 nM Au nanoparticles for 120 h developed to normal zebrafish, with some (24%) being dead and few (2%) deformed. We developed a new approach to image and characterize individual Au nanoparticles embedded in tissues using histology sample preparation methods and LSRP spectra of single nanoparticles. We found that Au nanoparticles in various parts of normally developed and deformed zebrafish, suggesting that random-walk of nanoparticles in embryos during their development might have led to stochastic effects on embryonic development. These results show that Au nanoparticles are much more biocompatible (less toxic) to the embryos than Ag nanoparticles that we reported previously, suggesting that they are better suited as biocompatible probes for imaging embryos in vivo. The results provide powerful evidences that biocompatibility and toxicity of nanoparticles highly depend on their chemical properties, and the embryos can serve as effective in-vivo assays to screen their biocompatibility. PMID:20644873

Gait rehabilitation for a patient with an osseointegrated prosthesis following transfemoral amputation.

PubMed

Leijendekkers, Ruud A; van Hinte, Gerben; Nijhuis-van der Sanden, Maria Wg; Staal, J Bart

2017-02-01

In patients with a transfemoral amputation socket-related problems are associated with reduced prosthetic use, activity, and quality of life. Furthermore, gait asymmetries are present that may explain secondary complaints. Bone-anchored prostheses (BAPs) may help these patients. Two types of BAP are available, screw and press-fit implants. Rehabilitation following surgery for a press-fit BAP is poorly described. To describe a rehabilitation program designed to minimize compensation strategies and increase activity using a case-report of an active, 70-year-old man with a traumatic transfemoral amputation who had used a socket prosthesis for 52 years and received a press-fit BAP [Endo-Exo Femoral Prosthesis - EEFP]. A 13-week physiotherapy program. Outcomes were assessed before surgery, at the end of rehabilitation, and six-month and one-year follow-ups. After rehabilitation gait had improved, the patient had more arm movement, more pelvic shift, less hip rotation during swing phase on the prosthetic side, and absence of vaulting on the sound side. Isometric hip abductor strength was 15% higher on the sound side and 16% higher on the prosthetic side, and walking distance increased from 200 m to 1500 m. At the six-month follow-up, the patient had lower back complications and reduced hip abductor strength and walking distance. At one-year follow-up, walking distance had recovered to 1000 m and gait pattern had improved again, with yielding and absence of terminal impact on the prosthetic side. The described rehabilitation program may be an effective method of improving gait in patients with an EEFP even after long-term socket usage.

On calibrating the sensor errors of a PDR-based indoor localization system.

PubMed

Lan, Kun-Chan; Shih, Wen-Yuah

2013-04-10

Many studies utilize the signal strength of short-range radio systems (such as WiFi, ultrasound and infrared) to build a radio map for indoor localization, by deploying a large number of beacon nodes within a building. The drawback of such an infrastructure-based approach is that the deployment and calibration of the system are costly and labor-intensive. Some prior studies proposed the use of Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) for indoor localization, which does not require the deployment of beacon nodes. In a PDR system, a small number of sensors are put on the pedestrian. These sensors (such as a G-sensor and gyroscope) are used to estimate the distance and direction that a user travels. The effectiveness of a PDR system lies in its success in accurately estimating the user's moving distance and direction. In this work, we propose a novel waist-mounted based PDR that can measure the user's step lengths with a high accuracy. We utilize vertical acceleration of the body to calculate the user's change in height during walking. Based on the Pythagorean Theorem, we can then estimate each step length using this data. Furthermore, we design a map matching algorithm to calibrate the direction errors from the gyro using building floor plans. The results of our experiment show that we can achieve about 98.26% accuracy in estimating the user's walking distance, with an overall location error of about 0.48 m.

On Calibrating the Sensor Errors of a PDR-Based Indoor Localization System

PubMed Central

Lan, Kun-Chan; Shih, Wen-Yuah

2013-01-01

Many studies utilize the signal strength of short-range radio systems (such as WiFi, ultrasound and infrared) to build a radio map for indoor localization, by deploying a large number of beacon nodes within a building. The drawback of such an infrastructure-based approach is that the deployment and calibration of the system are costly and labor-intensive. Some prior studies proposed the use of Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) for indoor localization, which does not require the deployment of beacon nodes. In a PDR system, a small number of sensors are put on the pedestrian. These sensors (such as a G-sensor and gyroscope) are used to estimate the distance and direction that a user travels. The effectiveness of a PDR system lies in its success in accurately estimating the user's moving distance and direction. In this work, we propose a novel waist-mounted based PDR that can measure the user's step lengths with a high accuracy. We utilize vertical acceleration of the body to calculate the user's change in height during walking. Based on the Pythagorean Theorem, we can then estimate each step length using this data. Furthermore, we design a map matching algorithm to calibrate the direction errors from the gyro using building floor plans. The results of our experiment show that we can achieve about 98.26% accuracy in estimating the user's walking distance, with an overall location error of about 0.48 m. PMID:23575036

Determination of power system component parameters using nonlinear dead beat estimation method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kolluru, Lakshmi

Power systems are considered the most complex man-made wonders in existence today. In order to effectively supply the ever increasing demands of the consumers, power systems are required to remain stable at all times. Stability and monitoring of these complex systems are achieved by strategically placed computerized control centers. State and parameter estimation is an integral part of these facilities, as they deal with identifying the unknown states and/or parameters of the systems. Advancements in measurement technologies and the introduction of phasor measurement units (PMU) provide detailed and dynamic information of all measurements. Accurate availability of dynamic measurements provides engineers the opportunity to expand and explore various possibilities in power system dynamic analysis/control. This thesis discusses the development of a parameter determination algorithm for nonlinear power systems, using dynamic data obtained from local measurements. The proposed algorithm was developed by observing the dead beat estimator used in state space estimation of linear systems. The dead beat estimator is considered to be very effective as it is capable of obtaining the required results in a fixed number of steps. The number of steps required is related to the order of the system and the number of parameters to be estimated. The proposed algorithm uses the idea of dead beat estimator and nonlinear finite difference methods to create an algorithm which is user friendly and can determine the parameters fairly accurately and effectively. The proposed algorithm is based on a deterministic approach, which uses dynamic data and mathematical models of power system components to determine the unknown parameters. The effectiveness of the algorithm is tested by implementing it to identify the unknown parameters of a synchronous machine. MATLAB environment is used to create three test cases for dynamic analysis of the system with assumed known parameters. Faults are introduced in the virtual test systems and the dynamic data obtained in each case is analyzed and recorded. Ideally, actual measurements are to be provided to the algorithm. As the measurements are not readily available the data obtained from simulations is fed into the determination algorithm as inputs. The obtained results are then compared to the original (or assumed) values of the parameters. The results obtained suggest that the algorithm is able to determine the parameters of a synchronous machine when crisp data is available.

Donation after cardiocirculatory death: a call for a moratorium pending full public disclosure and fully informed consent

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Many believe that the ethical problems of donation after cardiocirculatory death (DCD) have been "worked out" and that it is unclear why DCD should be resisted. In this paper we will argue that DCD donors may not yet be dead, and therefore that organ donation during DCD may violate the dead donor rule. We first present a description of the process of DCD and the standard ethical rationale for the practice. We then present our concerns with DCD, including the following: irreversibility of absent circulation has not occurred and the many attempts to claim it has have all failed; conflicts of interest at all steps in the DCD process, including the decision to withdraw life support before DCD, are simply unavoidable; potentially harmful premortem interventions to preserve organ utility are not justifiable, even with the help of the principle of double effect; claims that DCD conforms with the intent of the law and current accepted medical standards are misleading and inaccurate; and consensus statements by respected medical groups do not change these arguments due to their low quality including being plagued by conflict of interest. Moreover, some arguments in favor of DCD, while likely true, are "straw-man arguments," such as the great benefit of organ donation. The truth is that honesty and trustworthiness require that we face these problems instead of avoiding them. We believe that DCD is not ethically allowable because it abandons the dead donor rule, has unavoidable conflicts of interests, and implements premortem interventions which can hasten death. These important points have not been, but need to be fully disclosed to the public and incorporated into fully informed consent. These are tall orders, and require open public debate. Until this debate occurs, we call for a moratorium on the practice of DCD. PMID:22206616

Karoshi Related to Labor Intensity and Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Case Report.

PubMed

Liu, Ning-guo; Wang, Tao; Huang, Pingf; Qing, Zhi-qiang; Zhang, Jian-hua; Chen, Yi-jiu

2015-10-01

Karoshi remains one of the most troublesome issues in forensic identification. It is rather a social medicine than a clinical disease. Japanese scholars pioneered examining the relation between sud- den cardiac death (SCD) and chronic fatigue from long time and/or high-tension work. In the current case, a 55-year-old man, whose job was loading and carrying heavy cement bags, was found dead after 11 days of continuous hard work. His family members sued the cement factory for his death and claimed for compensation. The problem was the difficulty of identifying the causative relation without the precedent or the relevant regulations. However, the forensic problems were finally acknowledged after autopsy and calculation of labor intensity. The lawsuit was won as the first case pertaining to Karoshi in the Chinese court.

Death from a driverless vehicle.

PubMed

Das, Siddhartha; Menezes, Ritesh G

2018-03-01

Road traffic accidents are a major cause of fatalities around the world, and a number of deaths are caused by moving traffic on public roads. Deaths from vehicles that are off the highway may be called non-traffic fatalities which can be due to a vehicle reversing, carbon monoxide poisoning, weather-induced over-heating inside the vehicle and electric windows. Children (and animals) are the usual victims. We report a case from India where a man was found lying dead by the roadside with a lorry nearby. The autopsy findings indicated that he had been run over, but as there was no history of a vehicular collision and with no eyewitnesses, the investigators were unsure of the probable sequence of events that led to his death. The autopsy findings, history, circumstantial evidence and chemical analysis enabled us to work out what had happened.

Pulse-modulated dual-gas control subsystem for space cabin atmosphere

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, J. K.

1974-01-01

An atmosphere control subsystem (ACS) was developed for use in a closed manned cabin, such as the Space Shuttle Orbiter. This subsystem uses the Perkin Elmer mass spectrometer for continuous measurement of major atmospheric constituents (H2, H2O, N2, O2, and CO2). The O2 and N2 analog signals are used as inputs to the controller, which produces a pulse-frequency-modulated output to operate the N2 gas admission solenoid valve and an on-off signal to operate the O2 valve. The proportional controller characteristic results in improved control accuracy as compared with previously used on-off controllers having significant dead-band. A 60-day evaluation test was performed on the ACS during which operation was measured at various values of control setpoint and simulated cabin leakage.

[Smuggling of the cocaine in the gastrointestinal tract ended in sudden death--the first case report from the Upper Silesia].

PubMed

Celiński, Rafał; Jabłoński, Christian; Skowronek, Rafał; Korczyńska, Małgorzata; Kulikowska, Joanna; Nowicka, Joanna; Chowaniec, Czesław; Uttecht-Pudełko, Anna

2011-01-01

Fifty-year old man was found dead in the bathroom of his apartment. Forensic autopsy was ordered to determine the cause and manner of death. Autopsy revealed the presence of 55 latex "balls" in the stomach and foregut. In the past the victim was suspected of drug's dealing and smuggling. The content of "balls" and biological material (blood, urine, bloody fluid from internal organs) were analysed with LC MS/MS in the Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Toxicology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice. The range of cocaine' concentration in the "balls" was 91.2-96.1%, whereas concentration in blood - 107.50 microg/ml, in urine - 284.60 microg/ml and in bloody fluid - 192.30 microg/ml. The cause of death was acute cocaine intoxication.

Tiptoeing through the rest of his life: A functional adaptation to a leg shortened by femoral neck fracture.

PubMed

Lovell, Nancy C

2016-06-01

Salvage excavation of a Roman cemetery (1st-2nd century CE) at the site of ancient Erculam (region of Campania), Italy, yielded the skeleton of an older male with a healed fracture of the femoral neck that reduced the femoral neck angle and resulted in leg shortening. The right foot shows bony alterations that appear to have developed as a consequence. The distal joint surfaces of the first and second metatarsals extend dorsally for articulation of the proximal phalanges in hyper-dorsiflexion. I argue that, in order to compensate for the shortened leg, the man lengthened it functionally by bearing weight primarily on his toes when he walked, rather than striking the heel first and then pushing off from the toe. The severity of degenerative joint disease in the right knee and in the metatarsophalangeal joints suggests that the injury occurred years before the man's death. This case adds to the bioarchaeological record of individuals who adapted to impaired mobility in the past, and it may be of interest to scholars who study the bioarchaeology of impairment and disability. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

KSC-99pp0874

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-07-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin addresses the audience at the Apollo 11 anniversary banquet honoring the Apollo team, the people who made the entire lunar landing program possible. The banquet was held in the Apollo/Saturn V Center, part of the KSC Visitor Complex. This is the 30th anniversary of the Apollo 11 launch and moon landing, July 16 and July 20, 1969. Among the guests at the banquet were former Apollo astronauts are Neil A. Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin who flew on Apollo 11, the launch of the first moon landing; Gene Cernan, who flew on Apollo 10 and 17 and was the last man to walk on the moon; and Walt Cunningham, who flew on Apollo 7

An approach to the patient with late-onset cerebellar ataxia.

PubMed

Fogel, Brent L; Perlman, Susan

2006-11-01

An 83-year-old man presented with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and a previous basal cell carcinoma, having developed progressive worsening of his balance and difficulty walking at the age of 78 years. He was initially diagnosed with stroke, but MRI revealed only isolated cerebellar atrophy. The patient then underwent multiple evaluations for an underlying paraneoplastic process, all of which were negative, but his symptoms progressed and he remained undiagnosed for several years. Neurological examination, laboratory blood tests, MRI, and directed genetic testing. Five years after becoming symptomatic, the patient was re-evaluated for a possible genetic ataxia syndrome, which was subsequently confirmed by gene testing as spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6). Symptomatic medical treatment and physical, occupational, and speech therapy.

FORMER ASTRONAUT CERNAN WITH SCHOOLCHILDREN AT APOLLO/SATURN V CENTER RIBBON-CUTTING CEREMONY

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

Gemini and Apollo astronaut Eugene A. Cernan, the last man to walk on the moon, gives an autograph to one of the schoolchildren attending the official opening of the Apollo/Saturn V Center. The 100,000-square- foot facility includes two theaters, various exhibits and an Apollo-era Saturn V rocket, which formerly was on display outside the Vehicle Assembly Building and is one of only three moon rockets remaining in existence. The new center is located off the Kennedy Parkway at the Banana Creek launch viewing site and will be an attraction of the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Center.

APOLLO 17 COMMANDER EUGENE CERNAN SPEAKS AT THE APOLLO/SATURN V CENTER RIBBON-CUTTING CEREMONY

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

Gemini and Apollo astronaut Eugene A. Cernan addresses the invited guests at the ribbon-cutting ceremony which officially opens the new Apollo/Saturn V Center, part of the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Center. Cernan was the last man to walk on the moon. The 100,000-square-foot facility includes two theaters, various exhibits and an Apollo- era Saturn V rocket, which formerly was on display outside the Vehicle Assembly Building and is one of only three moon rockets remaining in existence. The new center is located off the Kennedy Parkway at the Banana Creek launch viewing site.

FORMER ASTRONAUT CERNAN WITH SCHOOLCHILDREN AT APOLLO/SATURN V CENTER RIBBON-CUTTING CEREMONY

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

Gemini and Apollo astronaut Eugene A. Cernan, the last man to walk on the moon, greets some of the schoolchildren who attended the ribbon-cutting ceremony to mark the official opening of the Apollo/Saturn V Center. The 100,000-square-foot facility includes two theaters, various exhibits and an Apollo-era Saturn V rocket, which formerly was on display outside the Vehicle Assembly Building and is one of only three moon rockets remaining in existence. The new center is located off the Kennedy Parkway at the Banana Creek launch viewing site and will be an attraction of the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Center.

Space vestibulo-neuroscience in the new century

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Money, K. E.; Young, L. R. (Principal Investigator)

1993-01-01

In the new century there will probably be more long spaceflights and fewer short spaceflights. There will probably be several flights to Mars, flights that (if chemical rockets are used) will involve one year to get there, a second year on Mars, and a third year to return. The three-year Mars scenario will probably include rotation of the spacecraft to provide artificial gravity. If nuclear thermal rockets are used, a manned exploration of Mars could be accomplished in less than one year. Vestibular research will be directed towards ensuring that astronauts, upon landing on Mars, will be able to walk with confidence and without delay. Research will be required to investigate vestibular adaptation in spaceflight, motion sickness, and the vestibular effects of rotation in spaceflight.

NASA Administrator Dan Goldin speaks at Apollo 11 anniversary banquet.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin addresses the audience at the Apollo 11 anniversary banquet honoring the Apollo team, the people who made the entire lunar landing program possible. The banquet was held in the Apollo/Saturn V Center, part of the KSC Visitor Complex. This is the 30th anniversary of the Apollo 11 launch and moon landing, July 16 and July 20, 1969. Among the guests at the banquet were former Apollo astronauts are Neil A. Armstrong and Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin who flew on Apollo 11, the launch of the first moon landing; Gene Cernan, who flew on Apollo 10 and 17 and was the last man to walk on the moon; and Walt Cunningham, who flew on Apollo 7.

Rock sample brought to earth from the Apollo 12 lunar landing mission

NASA Image and Video Library

1969-12-04

S69-60909 (November 1969) --- A close-up view of lunar sample 12,052 under observation in the Manned Spacecraft Center's Lunar Receiving Laboratory (LRL). Astronauts Charles Conrad Jr., and Alan L. Bean collected several rocks and samples of finer lunar matter during their Apollo 12 lunar landing mission extravehicular activity (EVA). This particular sample was picked up during the second space walk (EVA) on Nov. 20, 1969. It is a typically fine-grained crystalline rock with a concentration of holes on the left part of the exposed side. These holes are called vesicles and have been identified as gas bubbles formed during the crystallization of the rock. Several glass-lined pits can be seen on the surface of the rock.

Options for reducing HIV transmission related to the dead space in needles and syringes.

PubMed

Zule, William A; Pande, Poonam G; Otiashvili, David; Bobashev, Georgiy V; Friedman, Samuel R; Gyarmathy, V Anna; Des Jarlais, Don C

2018-01-15

When shared by people who inject drugs, needles and syringes with different dead space may affect the probability of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission differently. We measured dead space in 56 needle and syringe combinations obtained from needle and syringe programs across 17 countries in Europe and Asia. We also calculated the amounts of blood and HIV that would remain in different combinations following injection and rinsing. Syringe barrel capacities ranged from 0.5 to 20 mL. Needles ranged in length from 8 to 38 mm. The average dead space was 3 μL in low dead space syringes with permanently attached needles, 13 μL in high dead space syringes with low dead space needles, 45 μL in low dead space syringes with high dead space needles, and 99 μL in high dead space syringes with high dead space needles. Among low dead space designs, calculated volumes of blood and HIV viral burden were lowest for low dead space syringes with permanently attached needles and highest for low dead space syringes with high dead space needles. The dead space in different low dead space needle and syringe combinations varied substantially. To reduce HIV transmission related to syringe sharing, needle and syringe programs need to combine this knowledge with the needs of their clients.

40 CFR Appendix II to Part 1068 - Emission-Related Parameters and Specifications

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... dimension. 4. Camshaft timing. a. Valve opening—intake exhaust (degrees from top-dead center or bottom-dead center). b. Valve closing—intake exhaust (degrees from top-dead center or bottom-dead center). c. Valve... (degrees from top-dead center or bottom-dead center). c. Closing timing (degrees from top-dead center or...

40 CFR Appendix II to Part 1068 - Emission-Related Parameters and Specifications

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... dimension. 4. Camshaft timing. a. Valve opening—intake exhaust (degrees from top-dead center or bottom-dead center). b. Valve closing—intake exhaust (degrees from top-dead center or bottom-dead center). c. Valve... (degrees from top-dead center or bottom-dead center). c. Closing timing (degrees from top-dead center or...

Transplantation ethics from the Islamic point of view.

PubMed

Golmakani, Mohammad Mehdi; Niknam, Mohammad Hussein; Hedayat, Kamyar M

2005-04-01

Organ transplantation has been transformed from an experimental procedure at Western academic centers to an increasingly common procedure in private and public hospitals throughout the world. Attendant with advancements in organ harvesting, preservation, and transplantation come moral issues. Islam is a holistic religion that takes into account social affairs of man as well as spiritual ones. Islam has a long history of ethics literature including the subgenre of medical ethics. Historical considerations are discussed as to why Muslim thinkers were late to consider contemporary medical issues such as organ donation. Islam respects life and values the needs of the living over the dead, thus allowing organ donation to be considered in certain circumstances. The sources of Islamic law are discussed in brief in order for non-Muslims to appreciate how the parameters of organ transplantation are derived. The Islamic viewpoint, both Shiite and Sunni, is examined in relation to organ donation and its various sources. The advantages and disadvantages of brain dead and cadaveric donation is reviewed with technical and ethical considerations. The Islamic concept of brain death, informed and proxy consent are also discussed. We discuss the concept of rewarded donation as a way to alleviate the current shortage of organs available for transplantation and consider secular and religious support for such a program. Suggestions are made for greater discussion and exchange of ideas between secular and religious thinkers in the Islamic world and between the Islamic world and secular Western countries.

9 CFR 82.6 - Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Interstate movement of dead birds and... (END) § 82.6 Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section for dressed carcasses, dead birds and dead poultry, including any...

9 CFR 82.6 - Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interstate movement of dead birds and... (END) § 82.6 Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section for dressed carcasses, dead birds and dead poultry, including any...

Temperature measurement and control system for transtibial prostheses: Single subject clinical evaluation.

PubMed

Ghoseiri, Kamiar; Zheng, Yong Ping; Leung, Aaron K L; Rahgozar, Mehdi; Aminian, Gholamreza; Masoumi, Mehdi; Safari, Mohammad Reza

2018-01-01

The snug fit of a prosthetic socket over the residual limb can disturb thermal balance and put skin integrity in jeopardy by providing an unpleasant and infectious environment. The prototype of a temperature measurement and control (TM&C) system was previously introduced to resolve thermal problems related to prostheses. This study evaluates its clinical application in a setting with reversal, single subject design. The TM&C system was installed on a fabricated prosthetic socket of a man with unilateral transtibial amputation. Skin temperature of the residual limb without prosthesis at baseline and with prosthesis during rest and walking was evaluated. The thermal sense and thermal comfort of the participant were also evaluated. The results showed different skin temperature around the residual limb with a temperature decrease tendency from proximal to distal. The TM&C system decreased skin temperature rise after prosthesis wearing. The same situation occurred during walking, but the thermal power of the TM&C system was insufficient to overcome heat build-up in some regions of the residual limb. The participant reported no significant change of thermal sense and thermal comfort. Further investigations are warranted to examine thermography pattern of the residual limb, thermal sense, and thermal comfort in people with amputation.

[A PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE PERCEPTION OF HEALTH MAINTENANCE FROM INCREASING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TO DECREASING PHYSICAL INACTIVITY].

PubMed

Rotman, Dani; Constantini, Naama

2016-06-01

Modern man spends most of his waking hours (50-70%) in one form or another of sedentary behavior, defined as activity conducted in a sitting or reclining position involving low energy expenditure. The remaining waking hours are spent performing low intensity physical activity (25-45%) and medium-high intensity physical activity (less than 5%): Despite this distribution, medical research has focused on the impact of increasing medium-high intensity physical activity and many health organizations' recommendations are in accordance. In recent years, research conducted has begun to examine the effect inactivity has on health and has shown that excess sedentary behaviour is an independent risk factor for a wide range of medical problems such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, poor cardiovascular health profile, diabetes mellitus, and possibly cancer. Although the higher risk brought on by sedentary behaviour is partially reduced by increasing medium-high intensity physical activity, it is not completely neutralized. One way to diminish the harm caused by long hours of sitting is to take short breaks during periods of prolonged sitting in order to walk. According to these findings, it is worthwhile to recommend reducing the hours spent in sedentary behaviour, or at least to take frequent short breaks ("activity snacks") during periods of prolonged sitting to get up and walk around.

21st Century Extravehicular Activities: Synergizing Past and Present Training Methods for Future Spacewalking Success

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, Sandra K.; Gast, Matthew A.

2009-01-01

Neil Armstrong's understated words, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." were spoken from Tranquility Base forty years ago. Even today, those words resonate in the ears of millions, including many who had yet to be born when man first landed on the surface of the moon. By their very nature, and in the the spirit of exploration, extravehicular activities (EVAs) have generated much excitement throughout the history of manned spaceflight. From Ed White's first space walk in June of 1965, to the first steps on the moon in 1969, to the expected completion of the International Space Station (ISS), the ability to exist, live and work in the vacuum of space has stood as a beacon of what is possible. It was NASA's first spacewalk that taught engineers on the ground the valuable lesson that successful spacewalking requires a unique set of learned skills. That lesson sparked extensive efforts to develop and define the training requirements necessary to ensure success. As focus shifted from orbital activities to lunar surface activities, the required skill-set and subsequently the training methods, changed. The requirements duly changed again when NASA left the moon for the last time in 1972 and have continued to evolve through the Skylab, Space Shuttle; and ISS eras. Yet because the visits to the moon were so long ago, NASA's expertise in the realm of extra-terrestrial EVAs has diminished. As manned spaceflight again shifts its focus beyond low earth orbit, EVA success will depend on the ability to synergize the knowledge gained over 40+ years of spacewalking to create a training method that allows a single crewmember to perform equally well, whether performing an EVA on the surface of the Moon, while in the vacuum of space, or heading for a rendezvous with Mars. This paper reviews NASA's past and present EVA training methods and extrapolates techniques from both to construct the basis for future EVA astronaut training.

[Phenomenology of dreams].

PubMed

Pringuey, Dominique

2011-10-01

A phenomenology of dreams searches for meaning, with the aim not only of explaining but also of understanding the experience. What and who is it for? And what about the nearly forgotten dream among the moderns, the banal returning to the nightmare, sleepiness, or dreamlike reverie. Nostalgia for the dream, where we saw a very early state of light, not a ordinaire qu duel. Regret for the dreamlike splendor exceeded by the modeling power of modern aesthetics--film and the explosion of virtual imaging technologies. Disappointment at the discovery of a cognitive permanence throughout sleep and a unique fit with the real upon awaking? An excess of methodological rigor where we validate the logic of the dream, correlating the clinical improvement in psychotherapy and the ability to interpret one's own dreams. The dangerous psychological access when the dream primarily is mine, viewed as a veiled expression of an unspoken desire, or when the dream reveals to me, in an existential conception of man, through time and space, my daily life, my freedom beyond my needs. Might its ultimate sense also mean its abolition? From the story of a famous forgotten dream, based on unexpected scientific data emerges the question: do we dream to forget? The main thing would not be consciousness but confidence, when " the sleeping man, his regard extinguished, dead to himself seizes the light in the night " (Heraclitus).

The first fatal case of yam bean and rotenone toxicity in Thailand.

PubMed

Narongchai, Paitoon; Narongchai, Siripun; Thampituk, Suparat

2005-07-01

The first fatal case of Yam bean and Rotenone toxicity in Thailand was studied at Forensic Medicine, Chiang Mai, Thailand. A Chinese Taiwan man, 59 years old, was found dead after Yam bean ingestion. Yam bean toxicity and death have been found very rarely in the world and has not been reported in Thailand The Yam bean plant is grown widely in Northern Thailand. But many people know that mature pods, seeds and filage of the Yam bean, except the tuberous root, are very toxic. The victim ate a lot of Yam bean seeds and died within 2 hours with respiratory failure. The authors detected Rotenone substance in Yam bean seeds, gastric content and 72 ng/ml blood by HPLC. Also generalized microscopic hemorrhage in the brain, lungs, liver and adrenal glands which were of characteristic pathology were detected. The authors concluded that the cause of death was asphyxia from Yam bean or Rotenone toxicity.

Unexpected death in elephantiasis due to an abnormal life-style.

PubMed

Sato, Hiroaki; Tanaka, Toshiko; Kasai, Kentaro; Kita, Toshiro; Tanaka, Noriyuki

2009-11-01

A 22-year-old man was found dead after he had continued to sit on a reclining chair for 2 years. He had consumed an unbalanced diet, kept wearing the same pair of socks and never washed himself for the term. His skin of bilateral crura developed into elephantiasis with severely festered ulcers on its surface. At autopsy, subcutaneous edema was significant in his lower limbs, and chronic circulatory disturbance of lymphoducts and veins was observed histologically. There were no crucial findings to account for chronic edema in the lower limbs. It has been reported that maintaining a seated posture obstructs both lymphoducts and veins because of bending the groin, decreases their return flow by inducing muscular atrophy, and causes subcutaneous edema in the lower limbs. Oligotrophia and dirt on his limbs might have exacerbated the chronic edema in elephantiasis. We concluded that a long-term abnormal life-style had caused fatal elephantiasis.

MODIS Views the Middle-East

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

To paraphrase English author T.H. White, borders are the one thing a man sees that a bird cannot see as it flies high overhead. For the 15th consecutive day, differences in ideology have sparked violence and tension in the middle-east as the rest of the world watches, concerned. This true-color image of the region was taken on September 10, 2000, by the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) flying aboard NASA's Terra spacecraft. The image shows the lands of Israel along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, with the countries of Jordan to the southeast and Syria to the Northeast. Jerusalem, labeled, is Israel's capital city and Aman, labeled, is the capital of Jordan. The region known as the West Bank lies between the two countries. Running from north to south, the Jordan River links the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea. Image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Land Group, NASA GSFC

Embodiment: a conceptual glossary for epidemiology

PubMed Central

Krieger, N.

2005-01-01

Embodiment. This construct and process are central to ecosocial theory and epidemiological inquiry. Recognising that we, as humans, are simultaneously social beings and biological organisms, the notion of "embodiment" advances three critical claims: (1) bodies tell stories about—and cannot be studied divorced from—the conditions of our existence; (2) bodies tell stories that often—but not always—match people's stated accounts; and (3) bodies tell stories that people cannot or will not tell, either because they are unable, forbidden, or choose not to tell. Just as the proverbial "dead man's bones" do in fact tell tales, via forensic pathology and historical anthropometry, so too do our living bodies tell stories about our lives, whether or not these are ever consciously expressed. This glossary sketches some key concepts, definitions, and hypotheses relevant for using the construct of "embodiment" in epidemiological research, so as to promote not only rigorous science but also social equity in health. PMID:15831681

Suicidal nitrogen inhalation by use of scuba full-face diving mask.

PubMed

Straka, Lubomir; Novomesky, Frantisek; Gavel, Anton; Mlynar, Juraj; Hejna, Petr

2013-09-01

A 29-year-old man was found dead lying on the bed in a hotel room in a famous Slovak mountain resort. He had a full-face diving mask on his face, connected through a diving breath regulator to a valve of an industrial (nondiving) high-pressure tank containing pure 100% nitrogen. The breath regulator (open-circuit type) used allowed inhalation of nitrogen without addition of open air, and the full-face diving mask assured aspiration of the gas even during the time of unconsciousness. At autopsy, we found the typical signs of suffocation. Toxicological analysis revealed 94.7% content of nitrogen in alveolar air. Following the completion of the police investigation, the manner of death was classified as a suicide. Within the medico-legal literature, there has been only one similar case of suicidal nitrogen inhalation described. © 2013 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Evidence of Premeditation in Skin Messages in Suicide.

PubMed

Byard, Roger W

2016-03-01

A 34-year-old man with manic-depressive disorder was found dead sitting in a vehicle with a hose running from the exhaust pipe to the cabin. Numerous suicide notes were found inside his house. At autopsy, the decedent was wearing jeans and a long-sleeved windcheater. Upon removal of his clothes, a series of messages were also found written on the legs and forearm. Death was due to carbon monoxide toxicity with a blood level of carboxyhemoglobin of 84%. Skin messages represent a rare form of suicide note that may suggest that a suicide has not been planned, as the decedent may have used the nearest surface to write on. This case demonstrates, however, that skin messages may be more organized, being written prior to dressing and setting up the fatal episode. They also may compliment other notes and messages. © 2015 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Fatal cardiac arrhythmia after repeated exposure to 1,1-difluoroethane (DFE).

PubMed

Avella, Joseph; Wilson, James C; Lehrer, Michael

2006-03-01

A 42-year-old man was found dead after repeated exposure to 1,1-difluoroethane (DFE, Freon 152a), a propellant found in CRC Duster, a product intended for the removal of dust and lint. Toxicologic analysis detected DFE in femoral blood 136.3 mg/L, brain 117.5 mg/kg, liver 87.6 mg/kg, lung 60.3 mg/kg, adipose 235.7 mg/kg, and vitreous fluid 25.1 mg/L. The cause of death was determined to be a fatal cardiac arrhythmia due to intoxication with 1,1-difluoroethane. After comparison to previously published cases involving DFE, we suggest that analysis of adipose tissue for DFE and similar compounds, along with blood and other tissues, may be useful in distinguishing between acute versus chronic exposure. Adipose may also be a valuable alternate specimen for detection in cases where loss or elimination from blood is likely to have occurred.

Tuberculosis--triumph and tragedy.

PubMed

Singh, M M

2003-03-01

Tuberculosis has been making havoc worldwide with an 11.9 million cases to be involved by the year 2005. In India, about 2 million cases are infected every year. Regarding triumphs and tragedies in the control of tuberculosis some points as follows are discussed. (1) Tuberculosis Control Programmes from National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) to Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) and Directly Observed Treatment, Short course (DOTS). (2) Problem of multidrug resistance (MDR) tuberculosis and (3) HIV and tuberculosis. DOTS being largely based on Indian research. It is now being applied worldwide. MDR is strictly a man made problem. Poor prescriptions, poor case management, lack of coordinated education and haphazard treatment research result in drug resistance. Treatment of MDR is difficult. The drug acceptability, tolerance and toxicity have to be considered. HIV and tuberculosis form a deadly duo. They mean more cases, more costs and more national losses.

Brain dead or not? CT angiogram yielding false-negative result on brain death confirmation.

PubMed

Johnston, Robyn; Kaliaperumal, Chandrasekaran; Wyse, Gerald; Kaar, George

2013-01-08

We describe a case of severe traumatic brain injury with multiple facial and skull fractures where CT angiogram (CTA) failed to yield a definite result of brain death as an ancillary test. A 28-year-old man was admitted following a road traffic accident with a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of 3/15 and fixed pupils. CT brain revealed uncal herniation and diffuse cerebral oedema with associated multiple facial and skull fractures. 72 h later, his clinical condition remained the same with high intracranial pressure refractory to medical management. Clinical confirmation on brain death was not feasible owing to facial injuries. A CTA, performed to determine brain perfusion, yielded a 'false-negative' result. Skull fractures have possibly led to venous prominence in the cortical and deep venous drainage system. This point needs to be borne in mind while considering CTA as an ancillary test to confirm brain death.

Paradoxical undressing associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage in a non-hypothermia case?

PubMed

Descloux, Emilienne; Ducrot, Kewin; Scarpelli, Maria Pia; Lobrinus, Alexander; Palmiere, Cristian

2017-09-01

Paradoxical undressing is a phenomenon characterizing some fatal hypothermia cases. The victims, despite low environmental temperatures, paradoxically remove their clothes due to a sudden feeling of warmth. In this report, we describe a case of suspected paradoxical undressing in a non-hypothermia case. The victim, a 51-year-old Caucasian man, was found dead wearing only sneakers and socks. All other clothing was found in his car. Postmortem investigations allowed the hypothesis of hypothermia to be ruled out and revealed the presence of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm that caused a subarachnoid hemorrhage, the latter responsible for the death. The absence of any elements suggesting a voluntary undressing or any third party's DNA profile or involvement along with the possibility that the subarachnoid hemorrhage might have determined a hypothalamic injury, somehow rendered conceivable the hypothesis of an inappropriate feeling of warmth due to hemorrhage-induced dysregulation of the hypothalamic temperature-regulating centers.

Brain dead or not? CT angiogram yielding false-negative result on brain death confirmation

PubMed Central

Johnston, Robyn; Kaliaperumal, Chandrasekaran; Wyse, Gerald; Kaar, George

2013-01-01

We describe a case of severe traumatic brain injury with multiple facial and skull fractures where CT angiogram (CTA) failed to yield a definite result of brain death as an ancillary test. A 28-year-old man was admitted following a road traffic accident with a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of 3/15 and fixed pupils. CT brain revealed uncal herniation and diffuse cerebral oedema with associated multiple facial and skull fractures. 72 h later, his clinical condition remained the same with high intracranial pressure refractory to medical management. Clinical confirmation on brain death was not feasible owing to facial injuries. A CTA, performed to determine brain perfusion, yielded a ‘false-negative’ result. Skull fractures have possibly led to venous prominence in the cortical and deep venous drainage system. This point needs to be borne in mind while considering CTA as an ancillary test to confirm brain death. PMID:23302550

Autopsy results of a case of ingestion of sodium hydroxide solution.

PubMed

Emoto, Yuko; Yoshizawa, Katsuhiko; Shikata, Nobuaki; Tsubura, Airo; Nagasaki, Yasushi

2016-01-01

Sodium hydroxide is a strongly corrosive alkali. We describe herein a case of suicide by ingestion of sodium hydroxide. A man in his 80s was found dead with a mug and a bottle of caustic soda. Macroscopically, liquefaction and/or disappearance of esophagus, trachea and lung tissue and a grayish discoloration of the mucosa of the stomach were seen along with blackish brown coloration of the skin, mouth, and oral cavity. The contents of the gastrointestinal tract showed a pH level of 7-8 on pH indicator strips. Histopathologically, liquefactive necrosis of remnant lung tissue and the stomach were seen. As biological reactions such as vasodilatation and inflammation were not detected in these organs, only a short number of hours must have passed between ingestion and death. This human case provides valuable information concerning the direct irritation induced by systemic exposure to corrosive substances.

Living on the edge.

PubMed

Hinrichsen, D

1989-01-01

A brief update on the destruction of the environment is given. The concern is for the coastal waters and rivers which are polluted daily by raw sewage, industrial waste, and sedimentation, e.g., the Juru in Malaysia, the Pasig in the Philippines, and the Chao Phraya in Thailand are open sewers by the time the rivers reach the sea or bay. Metropolitan Manila's river is said to be biologically dead from pollution, and the bays of Manila and Jakarta suffer from oxygen depletion. Unfortunately, the coastal area maintains population as well as the wealth of marine life. In the US in 1990, 75% of the population will live within 50 miles of a shore including the Great Lakes. 30 southeast Asia's 50 largest cities are located on or near a coast. Over fishing, over population, over developing, and over exploitation are unacceptable; the alternative is for man to correct his mistakes.

Theological theses on the ethics of organ transplantation and on a law concerning the transplantation.

PubMed

Jörns, K P

1994-12-16

The message of the resurrection from the dead is relevant to human beings living and dying in the unity of body and soul. The personality of man is inseparable connected with this unit--even beyond death. Brain death only marks a (decisive) point during the process of dying, and it cannot be defined as the death of a human being (in general). Theological ethics object to this definition and to a new dualism of brain and body as well as of body and personality (i.e. soul), because this dualism socialises the organs of individuals and denies the personal dignity of disappearing life. Therefore, the explantation of organs must depend on a personal declaration of consent given by the adult sponsor himself. Each information given on organ transplants must clarify that the explanation of organs means an interruption of dying.

An unusual case of murder-suicide: The importance of studying knots.

PubMed

D'Ovidio, Cristian; Rosato, Enrica; Carnevale, Aldo

2017-01-01

An atypical murder-suicide that involved a married couple over 80 years of age was investigated at the Institute of Legal Medicine of the University of Chieti-Pescara and is presented and discussed here. The whole story allows us to confront the difficulties involved in the discovery of a dead body in water when the circumstantial evidence does not allow any unique interpretation of the facts. The atypical and misleading element appeared to be how the body of the man was tied, with the interpretation inclined towards a homicidal manner of death. It was only by combining the contributions of each of the findings that emerged during the course of the autopsy with the circumstantial evidence from the site inspection that it was possible to reach resolution of this case, which was then identified as a murder-suicide. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.

Self-Interaction Chromatography of mAbs: Accurate Measurement of Dead Volumes.

PubMed

Hedberg, S H M; Heng, J Y Y; Williams, D R; Liddell, J M

2015-12-01

Measurement of the second virial coefficient B22 for proteins using self-interaction chromatography (SIC) is becoming an increasingly important technique for studying their solution behaviour. In common with all physicochemical chromatographic methods, measuring the dead volume of the SIC packed column is crucial for accurate retention data; this paper examines best practise for dead volume determination. SIC type experiments using catalase, BSA, lysozyme and a mAb as model systems are reported, as well as a number of dead column measurements. It was observed that lysozyme and mAb interacted specifically with Toyopearl AF-Formyl dead columns depending upon pH and [NaCl], invalidating their dead volume usage. Toyopearl AF-Amino packed dead columns showed no such problems and acted as suitable dead columns without any solution condition dependency. Dead volume determinations using dextran MW standards with protein immobilised SIC columns provided dead volume estimates close to those obtained using Toyopearl AF-Amino dead columns. It is concluded that specific interactions between proteins, including mAbs, and select SIC support phases can compromise the use of some standard approaches for estimating the dead volume of SIC columns. Two other methods were shown to provide good estimates for the dead volume.

40 CFR Appendix II to Part 1068 - Emission-Related Parameters and Specifications

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... valve lash dimension. 4. Camshaft timing. a. Valve opening—intake exhaust (degrees from top-dead center or bottom-dead center). b. Valve closing—intake exhaust (degrees from top-dead center or bottom-dead.... Opening timing (degrees from top-dead center or bottom-dead center). c. Closing timing (degrees from top...

49 CFR 236.55 - Dead section; maximum length.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Dead section; maximum length. 236.55 Section 236... Instructions: All Systems Track Circuits § 236.55 Dead section; maximum length. Where dead section exceeds 35... over such dead section is less than 35 feet, the maximum length of the dead section shall not exceed...

49 CFR 236.55 - Dead section; maximum length.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Dead section; maximum length. 236.55 Section 236... Instructions: All Systems Track Circuits § 236.55 Dead section; maximum length. Where dead section exceeds 35... over such dead section is less than 35 feet, the maximum length of the dead section shall not exceed...

9 CFR 82.12 - Other interstate movements and special permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... for the disposal of dead birds or dead poultry that are infected with Newcastle disease, or dead birds or dead poultry from flocks infected with Newcastle disease, or manure generated by or eggs from... following: (i) The address of the place where the dead birds, dead poultry, manure, or eggs are located; and...

49 CFR 236.55 - Dead section; maximum length.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Dead section; maximum length. 236.55 Section 236... Instructions: All Systems Track Circuits § 236.55 Dead section; maximum length. Where dead section exceeds 35... over such dead section is less than 35 feet, the maximum length of the dead section shall not exceed...

49 CFR 236.55 - Dead section; maximum length.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Dead section; maximum length. 236.55 Section 236... Instructions: All Systems Track Circuits § 236.55 Dead section; maximum length. Where dead section exceeds 35... over such dead section is less than 35 feet, the maximum length of the dead section shall not exceed...

40 CFR Appendix II to Part 1068 - Emission-Related Parameters and Specifications

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... valve lash dimension. 4. Camshaft timing. a. Valve opening—intake exhaust (degrees from top-dead center or bottom-dead center). b. Valve closing—intake exhaust (degrees from top-dead center or bottom-dead.... Opening timing (degrees from top-dead center or bottom-dead center). c. Closing timing (degrees from top...

49 CFR 236.55 - Dead section; maximum length.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Dead section; maximum length. 236.55 Section 236... Instructions: All Systems Track Circuits § 236.55 Dead section; maximum length. Where dead section exceeds 35... over such dead section is less than 35 feet, the maximum length of the dead section shall not exceed...

40 CFR Appendix II to Part 1068 - Emission-Related Parameters and Specifications

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... valve lash dimension. 4. Camshaft timing. a. Valve opening—intake exhaust (degrees from top-dead center or bottom-dead center). b. Valve closing—intake exhaust (degrees from top-dead center or bottom-dead.... Opening timing (degrees from top-dead center or bottom-dead center). c. Closing timing (degrees from top...

9 CFR 82.12 - Other interstate movements and special permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... required for the disposal of dead birds or dead poultry that are infected with END, or dead birds or dead..., the special permit will also include the following: (i) The address of the place where the dead birds, dead poultry, manure, or eggs are located; and (ii) The number and type of birds, poultry, or other...

9 CFR 82.12 - Other interstate movements and special permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... required for the disposal of dead birds or dead poultry that are infected with END, or dead birds or dead..., the special permit will also include the following: (i) The address of the place where the dead birds, dead poultry, manure, or eggs are located; and (ii) The number and type of birds, poultry, or other...

9 CFR 82.12 - Other interstate movements and special permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... required for the disposal of dead birds or dead poultry that are infected with END, or dead birds or dead..., the special permit will also include the following: (i) The address of the place where the dead birds, dead poultry, manure, or eggs are located; and (ii) The number and type of birds, poultry, or other...

9 CFR 82.12 - Other interstate movements and special permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... required for the disposal of dead birds or dead poultry that are infected with END, or dead birds or dead..., the special permit will also include the following: (i) The address of the place where the dead birds, dead poultry, manure, or eggs are located; and (ii) The number and type of birds, poultry, or other...

Kinematic control of walking.

PubMed

Lacquaniti, F; Ivanenko, Y P; Zago, M

2002-10-01

The planar law of inter-segmental co-ordination we described may emerge from the coupling of neural oscillators between each other and with limb mechanical oscillators. Muscle contraction intervenes at variable times to re-excite the intrinsic oscillations of the system when energy is lost. The hypothesis that a law of coordinative control results from a minimal active tuning of the passive inertial and viscoelastic coupling among limb segments is congruent with the idea that movement has evolved according to minimum energy criteria (1, 8). It is known that multi-segment motion of mammals locomotion is controlled by a network of coupled oscillators (CPGs, see 18, 33, 37). Flexible combination of unit oscillators gives rise to different forms of locomotion. Inter-oscillator coupling can be modified by changing the synaptic strength (or polarity) of the relative spinal connections. As a result, unit oscillators can be coupled in phase, out of phase, or with a variable phase, giving rise to different behaviors, such as speed increments or reversal of gait direction (from forward to backward). Supra-spinal centers may drive or modulate functional sets of coordinating interneurons to generate different walking modes (or gaits). Although it is often assumed that CPGs control patterns of muscle activity, an equally plausible hypothesis is that they control patterns of limb segment motion instead (22). According to this kinematic view, each unit oscillator would directly control a limb segment, alternately generating forward and backward oscillations of the segment. Inter-segmental coordination would be achieved by coupling unit oscillators with a variable phase. Inter-segmental kinematic phase plays the role of global control variable previously postulated for the network of central oscillators. In fact, inter-segmental phase shifts systematically with increasing speed both in man (4) and cat (38). Because this phase-shift is correlated with the net mechanical power output over a gait cycle (3, 4), phase control could be used for limiting the overall energy expenditure with increasing speed (22). Adaptation to different walking conditions, such as changes in body posture, body weight unloading and backward walk, also involves inter-segmental phase tuning, as does the maturation of limb kinematics in toddlers.

A pharmacological analysis of the hyperactivity syndrome induced by β-phenylethylamine in the mouse

PubMed Central

Dourish, Colin T.

1982-01-01

1 The effects of the putative 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor antagonists, methysergide, mianserin and methergoline, the dopamine receptor antagonists, haloperidol, thioridazine and clozapine, and the noradrenaline (NA) receptor antagonists, phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine and propranolol on the behavioural responses of mice to β-phenylethylamine (PEA, 75 mg/kg) have been examined. 2 PEA produced a syndrome consisting of three distinct phases. The brief initial phase (0-5 min after injection) which consisted of forward walking, sniffing and headweaving, was succeeded by a locomotor depressant phase (5-20 min after injection) which consisted of abortive grooming, headweaving, splayed hindlimbs, forepaw padding, sniffing and hyperreactivity, and a late locomotor stimulant phase (20-35 min after injection), which was characterized by forward walking, sniffing, hyperreactivity, rearing and licking. 3 Methysergide, mianserin, methergoline, clozapine and propranolol inhibited headweaving and splayed hindlimbs, whereas haloperidol, thioridazine, phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine had no effect on these responses. Forepaw padding was strongly inhibited by methergoline and a high dose of mianserin, and weakly antagonized by methysergide, clozapine, haloperidol and thioridazine. In contrast, padding was mildly potentiated by phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine but strongly potentiated by propranolol. It is proposed that headweaving and splayed hindlimbs are 5-HT-mediated responses whereas forepaw padding also involves 5-HT mechanisms but may be partially due to release of tryptamine. 4 Rearing and licking were inhibited by haloperidol (most strongly), thioridazine and clozapine but potentiated by mianserin, methysergide, propranolol, phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine. Methergoline inhibited licking without affecting rearing. It is suggested that PEA-induced rearing and licking are produced by activation of dopaminergic neurones and inhibited by 5-HT or NA stimulation. 5 Phenoxybenzamine inhibited sniffing and produced backward walking when administered prior to PEA, suggesting mediation by NA of sniffing and an inhibitory influence of NA on backward walking. 6 Clozapine and thioridazine were the most effective antagonists of hyperreactivity and it is proposed that this response is dopamine-mediated. Forward walking was inhibited by high doses of haloperidol or clozapine and potentiated by methergoline, mianserin or methysergide, suggesting that hyperactivity may also be mediated by dopamine but subject to 5-HT inhibition. 7 Abortive grooming was the dominant behavioural component observed after PEA administration and was prevented by all of the antagonists tested which suggests that catecholamine and 5-HT mechanisms may be involved in the expression of this response. 8 Since PEA is an endogenous compound in animals and man, and has been claimed to be present in abnormal amounts in some schizophrenics, PEA-induced behavioural stimulation in mice (which includes the postulated hallucinogenic responses of abortive grooming and backward walking) may be a useful animal model of psychosis. PMID:6982090

A shuttle and space station manipulator system for assembly, docking, maintenance, cargo handling and spacecraft retrieval (preliminary design). Volume 3: Concept analysis. Part 2: Development program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

A preliminary estimate is presented of the resources required to develop the basic general purpose walking boom manipulator system. It is assumed that the necessary full scale zero g test facilities will be available on a no cost basis. A four year development effort is also assumed and it is phased with an estimated shuttle development program since the shuttle will be developed prior to the space station. Based on delivery of one qualification unit and one flight unit and without including any ground support equipment or flight test support it is estimated (within approximately + or - 25%) that a total of 3551 man months of effort and $17,387,000 are required.

KSC-99pp0876

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-07-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During an anniversary banquet honoring the Apollo team, the people who made the entire lunar landing program possible, former Apollo astronaut Neil A. Armstrong (left) shakes the hand of Judy Goldin (center), wife of NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin (right). The banquet was held in the Apollo/Saturn V Center, part of the KSC Visitor Complex. This is the 30th anniversary of the Apollo 11 launch and moon landing, July 16 and July 20, 1969. Among the guests at the banquet were former Apollo astronauts are Neil A. Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin who flew on Apollo 11, the launch of the first moon landing; Gene Cernan, who flew on Apollo 10 and 17 and was the last man to walk on the moon; and Walt Cunningham, who flew on Apollo 7

KSC-99pp0877

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-07-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During an anniversary banquet honoring the Apollo program team, the people who made the entire lunar landing program possible, former Apollo astronaut Gene Cernan relates a humorous comment while Wally Schirra (background) gestures behind him. Cernan, who flew on Apollo 10 and 17, was the last man to walk on the moon; Schirra flew on Apollo 7. The banquet was held in the Apollo/Saturn V Center, part of the KSC Visitor Complex. This is the 30th anniversary of the Apollo 11 launch and moon landing, July 16 and July 20, 1969. Other guests at the banquet were former Apollo astronauts are Neil A. Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin who flew on Apollo 11, the launch of the first moon landing, and Walt Cunningham, who also flew on Apollo 7

New technique for simulation of microgravity and variable gravity conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de la Rosa, R.; Alonso, A.; Abasolo, D. E.; Hornero, R.; Abasolo, D. E.

2005-08-01

This paper suggests a microgravity or variable gravity conditions simulator based on a Neuromuscular Control System (NCS), working as a man-machine interface. The subject under training lies on an active platform that counteracts his weight. And a Virtual Reality (VR) system displays a simulated environment, where the subject can interact a number of settings: extravehicular activity (EVA), walking on the Moon or training the limb response faced with variable acceleration scenes. Results related to real-time voluntary control have been achieved with neuromuscular interfaces at the Bioengineering Group in the University of Valladolid. It has been employed a custom real-time system to train arm movements. This paper outlines a more complex design that can complement other training facilities, like the buoyancy pool, in the task of microgravity simulation.

The David Jayne amendment: the story of one man's determination to improve the lives of thousands.

PubMed

Sokol, Eric

2003-09-01

Stricken by ALS at the age of 27, David Jayne slowly lost the ability to walk, to eat, to speak, and to breathe. With the assistance of home health professionals, medical technologies, and volunteers, he has managed to maintain as full a life as possible, participating in some of his children's activities and even managing, with great effort, to attend a football game. However, when he was the subject of a newspaper article, his home health coverage was dropped because he didn't meet the federal definition of "homebound." This is the story of how he took on the political establishment single-handedly, and eventually realized a victory that has the potential of helping thousands of people in similar situations to no longer be imprisoned at home.

Orbital ATK Cygnus CRS-8 Rendzevous, Capture and Installation to the ISS

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-14

Orbital ATK’s Cygnus spacecraft arrived at the International Space Station Nov. 14 after a two-day journey following its launch Nov. 12 on the company’s Antares rocket from the Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. Dubbed the “SS Gene Cernan” after the late Gemini and Apollo astronaut who was the last man to walk on the moon, Cygnus was captured by Expedition 53 Flight Engineer Paolo Nespoli of ESA (the European Space Agency) and Commander Randy Bresnik of NASA using the station’s Canadarm2 robotic arm. Cygnus was loaded with some 3 ½ tons of supplies and science experiments for the Expedition crew members on the unique orbiting laboratory and is scheduled to remain attached to the Unity module until early January.

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma derived from the spine region: case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Gokhan, Guzide Ayse; Akyuz, Mahmut; Gurer, Inanc Elif; Tuncer, Recai

2006-06-01

Epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas (EHE) are rare vascular tumors which generally originate from soft tissues and visceral organs. Primary bone EHEs, especially those occurring in the spine region, are extremely rare. Our case is that of a 30-year-old man who was admitted to hospital with low back pain, difficulty in walking, post-voiding urinary incontinence and numbness in the caudal area. X-ray showed a lytic process affecting the vertebra L2 and collapse of L1. Vertebrectomy of L1 and gross total tumor resection were performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of the tumor tissue supported the diagnosis of EHE. The case, which to the best of our knowledge is only the fifth such reported case, is presented with its clinicopathological findings and a review of the literature.

SlDEAD31, a Putative DEAD-Box RNA Helicase Gene, Regulates Salt and Drought Tolerance and Stress-Related Genes in Tomato.

PubMed

Zhu, Mingku; Chen, Guoping; Dong, Tingting; Wang, Lingling; Zhang, Jianling; Zhao, Zhiping; Hu, Zongli

2015-01-01

The DEAD-box RNA helicases are involved in almost every aspect of RNA metabolism, associated with diverse cellular functions including plant growth and development, and their importance in response to biotic and abiotic stresses is only beginning to emerge. However, none of DEAD-box genes was well characterized in tomato so far. In this study, we reported on the identification and characterization of two putative DEAD-box RNA helicase genes, SlDEAD30 and SlDEAD31 from tomato, which were classified into stress-related DEAD-box proteins by phylogenetic analysis. Expression analysis indicated that SlDEAD30 was highly expressed in roots and mature leaves, while SlDEAD31 was constantly expressed in various tissues. Furthermore, the expression of both genes was induced mainly in roots under NaCl stress, and SlDEAD31 mRNA was also increased by heat, cold, and dehydration. In stress assays, transgenic tomato plants overexpressing SlDEAD31 exhibited dramatically enhanced salt tolerance and slightly improved drought resistance, which were simultaneously demonstrated by significantly enhanced expression of multiple biotic and abiotic stress-related genes, higher survival rate, relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll content, and lower water loss rate and malondialdehyde (MDA) production compared to wild-type plants. Collectively, these results provide a preliminary characterization of SlDEAD30 and SlDEAD31 genes in tomato, and suggest that stress-responsive SlDEAD31 is essential for salt and drought tolerance and stress-related gene regulation in plants.

Scientific evidence of the therapeutic effects of dead sea treatments: a systematic review.

PubMed

Katz, Uriel; Shoenfeld, Yehuda; Zakin, Varda; Sherer, Yaniv; Sukenik, Shaul

2012-10-01

The Dead Sea, the deepest and most saline lake on earth, has been known from biblical times for its healing properties. The aim of this systematic review was to present critically the level of evidence for the claims of therapeutic effects of Dead Sea treatments in several rheumatologic diseases and psoriasis as well as to review these treatments' safety. All articles cited in MEDLINE under the query, "Dead Sea," were reviewed. We found bona fide evidence that Dead Sea treatments are especially effective in psoriasis due to both the special characteristics of solar ultraviolet radiation in the Dead Sea and the Dead Sea water balneotherapy. Dead Sea mud and Dead Sea balneotherapy have been found to be beneficial in rheumatologic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and knee osteoarthritis. In the safety analysis, we found no evidence for an increase in skin neoplasia, although skin actinic damage seems to be increased in patients treated in the Dead Sea. Dead Sea treatments do not lead to worsening of blood pressure. Substantial ingestion of Dead Sea water (generally in unusual near-drowning cases) is toxic and can result in cardiac rhythm disturbances because of electrolyte concentration abnormalities. Laboratory analysis of Dead Sea mud did not reveal mineral concentrations that could represent a health concern for their intended use. Dead Sea treatments are beneficial in several rheumatologic diseases and psoriasis and have a good safety profile. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Kinematic Model-Based Pedestrian Dead Reckoning for Heading Correction and Lower Body Motion Tracking.

PubMed

Lee, Min Su; Ju, Hojin; Song, Jin Woo; Park, Chan Gook

2015-11-06

In this paper, we present a method for finding the enhanced heading and position of pedestrians by fusing the Zero velocity UPdaTe (ZUPT)-based pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) and the kinematic constraints of the lower human body. ZUPT is a well known algorithm for PDR, and provides a sufficiently accurate position solution for short term periods, but it cannot guarantee a stable and reliable heading because it suffers from magnetic disturbance in determining heading angles, which degrades the overall position accuracy as time passes. The basic idea of the proposed algorithm is integrating the left and right foot positions obtained by ZUPTs with the heading and position information from an IMU mounted on the waist. To integrate this information, a kinematic model of the lower human body, which is calculated by using orientation sensors mounted on both thighs and calves, is adopted. We note that the position of the left and right feet cannot be apart because of the kinematic constraints of the body, so the kinematic model generates new measurements for the waist position. The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) on the waist data that estimates and corrects error states uses these measurements and magnetic heading measurements, which enhances the heading accuracy. The updated position information is fed into the foot mounted sensors, and reupdate processes are performed to correct the position error of each foot. The proposed update-reupdate technique consequently ensures improved observability of error states and position accuracy. Moreover, the proposed method provides all the information about the lower human body, so that it can be applied more effectively to motion tracking. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified via experimental results, which show that a 1.25% Return Position Error (RPE) with respect to walking distance is achieved.

9 CFR 82.6 - Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area. 82.6 Section 82.6 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT... (END) § 82.6 Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area. (a) Except as...

9 CFR 82.6 - Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area. 82.6 Section 82.6 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT... movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of...

9 CFR 82.6 - Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area. 82.6 Section 82.6 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT... (END) § 82.6 Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area. (a) Except as...

Can Exercise Capacity Assessed by the 6 Minute Walk Test Predict the Development of Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients with STEMI after Fibrinolysis?

PubMed Central

Hassan, Ayman K. M.; Dimitry, Salwa R.; Agban, George W.

2014-01-01

Background To assess the added value of the 6 minute walk test distance (6MWTD) in the risk-stratification methods for patients with ST -segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with fibrinolysis. Methodology/Principal Findings This is a prospective cohort study of one hundred consecutive patients with STEMI, who had received fibrinolysis, at Assuit University Hospital. All patients underwent 6MWT pre- discharge and were followed up for 3 months to monitor the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the level of 6MWTD (level I>450 m, level II = 300–450 m and level III<300 m). Among the study population, the median 6MWT distance was 370 meters (interquartile range 162–462). The mean age was 60.9±10.7 years, 71.9% of them were males, 2/3 had anterior MI. only 10.5% had successful thrombolysis. Compared to patients in level I (>450 m), patients in level III (<300 m) were more likely to have clinical risk factors as hypertension, diabetes and impaired renal function. The patient's mean TIMI score was 3.4±2.2, the mean GRACE score was 150.5±27.7. There was a significant negative correlation between the 6 MWTD and GRACE risk score (r = −0.80, p<0.001). At 3 months of follow-up, 51% had MACE including 16% were dead. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that the GRACE risk score and 6MWT distance levels were the best predictors of the MACE at 3 month of follow up. The incidence of MACE was 4 times higher in patients with high GRACE risk score who couldn't walk more than 300 meters (OR = 4.66, 95% CI = 1.1–14.5, p = 0.006). Conclusions/Significance In patients with STEMI treated with fibrinolysis, the addition of 6MWTD assessment pre-discharge to the traditional GRACE risk score improved the risk prediction of cardiovascular events at 3 month follow up. PMID:24905094

Proceedings of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests

Treesearch

William F. Laudenslayer; Patrick J. Shea; Bradley E. Valentine; C. Phillip Weatherspoon; Thomas E. Lisle

2002-01-01

Dead trees, both snags (standing dead trees) and logs (downed dead trees), are critical elements of healthy and productive forests. The “Symposium on the Ecology and Management of Dead Wood in Western Forests” was convened to bring together forest researchers and managers to share the current state of knowledge relative to the values and interactions of dead wood to...

46 CFR 171.117 - Dead covers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Dead covers. 171.117 Section 171.117 Shipping COAST... Dead covers. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each port light with the sill located below the margin line must have a hinged, inside dead cover. (b) The dead cover on a port light...

46 CFR 171.117 - Dead covers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Dead covers. 171.117 Section 171.117 Shipping COAST... Dead covers. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each port light with the sill located below the margin line must have a hinged, inside dead cover. (b) The dead cover on a port light...

46 CFR 171.117 - Dead covers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Dead covers. 171.117 Section 171.117 Shipping COAST... Dead covers. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each port light with the sill located below the margin line must have a hinged, inside dead cover. (b) The dead cover on a port light...

46 CFR 171.117 - Dead covers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Dead covers. 171.117 Section 171.117 Shipping COAST... Dead covers. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each port light with the sill located below the margin line must have a hinged, inside dead cover. (b) The dead cover on a port light...

46 CFR 171.117 - Dead covers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Dead covers. 171.117 Section 171.117 Shipping COAST... Dead covers. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each port light with the sill located below the margin line must have a hinged, inside dead cover. (b) The dead cover on a port light...

A real-time plantar pressure feedback device for foot unloading.

PubMed

Femery, Virginie G; Moretto, Pierre G; Hespel, Jean-Michel G; Thévenon, André; Lensel, Ghislaine

2004-10-01

To develop and test a plantar pressure control device that provides both visual and auditory feedback and is suitable for correcting plantar pressure distribution patterns in persons susceptible to neuropathic foot ulceration. Pilot test. Sports medicine laboratory in a university in France. One healthy man in his mid thirties. Not applicable. Main outcome measures A device was developed based on real-time feedback, incorporating an acoustic alarm and visual signals, adjusted to a specific pressure load. Plantar pressure measured during walking, at 6 sensor locations over 27 steps under 2 different conditions: (1) natural and (2) unloaded in response to device feedback. The subject was able to modify his gait in response to the auditory and visual signals. He did not compensate for the decrease of peak pressure under the first metarsal by increasing the duration of the load shift under this area. Gait pattern modification centered on a mediolateral load shift. The auditory signal provided a warning system alerting the user to potentially harmful plantar pressures. The visual signal warned of the degree of pressure. People who have lost nociceptive perception, as in cases of diabetic neuropathy, may be able to change their walking pattern in response to the feedback provided by this device. The visual may have diagnostic value in determining plantar pressures in such patients. This pilot test indicates that further studies are warranted.

The main results of EVA medical support on the Mir Space Station

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Katuntsev, V. P.; Osipov, Yu. Yu.; Barer, A. S.; Gnoevaya, N. K.; Tarasenkov, G. G.

2004-04-01

The aim of this paper is to review the main results of medical support of 78 two-person extravehicular activities (EVAs) which have been conducted in the Mir Space Program. Thirty-six male crewmembers participated in these EVAs. Maximum length of a space walk was equal to 7 h 14 min. The total duration of all space walks reached 717.1 man-hours. The maximum frequency of EVA's execution was 10 per year. Most of the EVAs (67) have been performed at mission elapsed time ranging from 31 to 180 days. The oxygen atmosphere of the Orlan space suit with a pressure of 40 kPa in combination with the normobaric cabin environment and a short (30 min) oxygen prebreathe protocol have minimized the risk of decompression sickness (DCS). There has been no incidence of DCS during performed EVAs. At the peak activity, metabolic rates and heart rates increased up to 9.9- 13 kcal/ min and 150- 174 min-1, respectively. The medical problems have centred on feeling of moderate overcooling during a rest period in a shadow after the high physical loads, episodes with tachycardia accompanied by cardiac rhythm disorders at the moments of emotional stress, pains in the muscles and general fatigue after the end of a hard EVA. All of the EVAs have been completed safely.

Path statistics, memory, and coarse-graining of continuous-time random walks on networks

PubMed Central

Kion-Crosby, Willow; Morozov, Alexandre V.

2015-01-01

Continuous-time random walks (CTRWs) on discrete state spaces, ranging from regular lattices to complex networks, are ubiquitous across physics, chemistry, and biology. Models with coarse-grained states (for example, those employed in studies of molecular kinetics) or spatial disorder can give rise to memory and non-exponential distributions of waiting times and first-passage statistics. However, existing methods for analyzing CTRWs on complex energy landscapes do not address these effects. Here we use statistical mechanics of the nonequilibrium path ensemble to characterize first-passage CTRWs on networks with arbitrary connectivity, energy landscape, and waiting time distributions. Our approach can be applied to calculating higher moments (beyond the mean) of path length, time, and action, as well as statistics of any conservative or non-conservative force along a path. For homogeneous networks, we derive exact relations between length and time moments, quantifying the validity of approximating a continuous-time process with its discrete-time projection. For more general models, we obtain recursion relations, reminiscent of transfer matrix and exact enumeration techniques, to efficiently calculate path statistics numerically. We have implemented our algorithm in PathMAN (Path Matrix Algorithm for Networks), a Python script that users can apply to their model of choice. We demonstrate the algorithm on a few representative examples which underscore the importance of non-exponential distributions, memory, and coarse-graining in CTRWs. PMID:26646868

Design of a walking robot

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whittaker, William; Dowling, Kevin

1994-01-01

Carnegie Mellon University's Autonomous Planetary Exploration Program (APEX) is currently building the Daedalus robot; a system capable of performing extended autonomous planetary exploration missions. Extended autonomy is an important capability because the continued exploration of the Moon, Mars and other solid bodies within the solar system will probably be carried out by autonomous robotic systems. There are a number of reasons for this - the most important of which are the high cost of placing a man in space, the high risk associated with human exploration and communication delays that make teleoperation infeasible. The Daedalus robot represents an evolutionary approach to robot mechanism design and software system architecture. Daedalus incorporates key features from a number of predecessor systems. Using previously proven technologies, the Apex project endeavors to encompass all of the capabilities necessary for robust planetary exploration. The Ambler, a six-legged walking machine was developed by CMU for demonstration of technologies required for planetary exploration. In its five years of life, the Ambler project brought major breakthroughs in various areas of robotic technology. Significant progress was made in: mechanism and control, by introducing a novel gait pattern (circulating gait) and use of orthogonal legs; perception, by developing sophisticated algorithms for map building; and planning, by developing and implementing the Task Control Architecture to coordinate tasks and control complex system functions. The APEX project is the successor of the Ambler project.

Design of a walking robot

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Whittaker, William; Dowling, Kevin

1994-03-01

Carnegie Mellon University's Autonomous Planetary Exploration Program (APEX) is currently building the Daedalus robot; a system capable of performing extended autonomous planetary exploration missions. Extended autonomy is an important capability because the continued exploration of the Moon, Mars and other solid bodies within the solar system will probably be carried out by autonomous robotic systems. There are a number of reasons for this - the most important of which are the high cost of placing a man in space, the high risk associated with human exploration and communication delays that make teleoperation infeasible. The Daedalus robot represents an evolutionary approach to robot mechanism design and software system architecture. Daedalus incorporates key features from a number of predecessor systems. Using previously proven technologies, the Apex project endeavors to encompass all of the capabilities necessary for robust planetary exploration. The Ambler, a six-legged walking machine was developed by CMU for demonstration of technologies required for planetary exploration. In its five years of life, the Ambler project brought major breakthroughs in various areas of robotic technology. Significant progress was made in: mechanism and control, by introducing a novel gait pattern (circulating gait) and use of orthogonal legs; perception, by developing sophisticated algorithms for map building; and planning, by developing and implementing the Task Control Architecture to coordinate tasks and control complex system functions. The APEX project is the successor of the Ambler project.

The main results of EVA medical support on the Mir Space Station.

PubMed

Katuntsev, V P; Osipov, Yu Yu; Barer, A S; Gnoevaya, N K; Tarasenkov, G G

2004-04-01

The aim of this paper is to review the main results of medical support of 78 two-person extravehicular activities (EVAs) which have been conducted in the Mir Space Program. Thirty-six male crewmembers participated in these EVAs. Maximum length of a space walk was equal to 7 h 14 min. The total duration of all space walks reached 717.1 man-hours. The maximum frequency of EVA's execution was 10 per year. Most of the EVAs (67) have been performed at mission elapsed time ranging from 31 to 180 days. The oxygen atmosphere of the Orlan space suit with a pressure of 40 kPa in combination with the normobaric cabin environment and a short (30 min) oxygen prebreathe protocol have minimized the risk of decompression sickness (DCS). There has been no incidence of DCS during performed EVAs. At the peak activity, metabolic rates and heart rates increased up to 9.9-13 kcal/min and 150-174 min-1, respectively. The medical problems have centred on feeling of moderate overcooling during a rest period in a shadow after the high physical loads, episodes with tachycardia accompanied by cardiac rhythm disorders at the moments of emotional stress, pains in the muscles and general fatigue after the end of a hard EVA. All of the EVAs have been completed safely. c2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

77 FR 64373 - Culturally Significant Objects Imported for Exhibition Determinations: “The Dead Sea Scrolls...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-19

... Determinations: ``The Dead Sea Scrolls: Life and Faith in Ancient Times,'' Formerly Titled ``The Dead Sea Scrolls... the Department of State pertaining to the exhibition ``The Dead Sea Scrolls: Life and Faith in Biblical Times.'' The referenced notice is corrected here to change the exhibition name to ``The Dead Sea...

78 FR 62354 - Culturally Significant Objects Imported for Exhibition Determinations: “The Dead Sea Scrolls...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-18

... Determinations: ``The Dead Sea Scrolls: Life and Faith in Ancient Times'' Formerly Titled ``The Dead Sea Scrolls... Department of State pertaining to the exhibition ``The Dead Sea Scrolls: Life and Faith in Biblical Times... of the Federal Register (volume 77, number 203) to change the exhibition name to ``The Dead Sea...

45 CFR 46.206 - Research involving, after delivery, the placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., the dead fetus or fetal material. 46.206 Section 46.206 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material. (a) Research involving, after delivery, the placenta; the dead fetus; macerated fetal material; or cells, tissue, or organs excised from a dead fetus, shall be...

78 FR 24462 - Culturally Significant Objects Imported for Exhibition; Determinations: “The Dead Sea Scrolls...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-25

...; Determinations: ``The Dead Sea Scrolls: Life and Faith in Ancient Times'' Formerly Titled ``The Dead Sea Scrolls... Department of State pertaining to the exhibition ``The Dead Sea Scrolls: Life and Faith in Biblical Times... of the Federal Register (volume 77, number 203) to change the exhibition name to ``The Dead Sea...

45 CFR 46.206 - Research involving, after delivery, the placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., the dead fetus or fetal material. 46.206 Section 46.206 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material. (a) Research involving, after delivery, the placenta; the dead fetus; macerated fetal material; or cells, tissue, or organs excised from a dead fetus, shall be...

45 CFR 46.206 - Research involving, after delivery, the placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., the dead fetus or fetal material. 46.206 Section 46.206 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material. (a) Research involving, after delivery, the placenta; the dead fetus; macerated fetal material; or cells, tissue, or organs excised from a dead fetus, shall be...

45 CFR 46.206 - Research involving, after delivery, the placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., the dead fetus or fetal material. 46.206 Section 46.206 Public Welfare Department of Health and Human... placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material. (a) Research involving, after delivery, the placenta; the dead fetus; macerated fetal material; or cells, tissue, or organs excised from a dead fetus, shall be...

78 FR 16565 - Culturally Significant Objects Imported for Exhibition Determinations: “The Dead Sea Scrolls...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-15

... Determinations: ``The Dead Sea Scrolls: Life and Faith in Ancient Times'' Formerly Titled ``The Dead Sea Scrolls... Department of State pertaining to the exhibition ``The Dead Sea Scrolls: Life and Faith in Biblical Times... of the Federal Register (volume 77, number 203) to change the exhibition name to ``The Dead Sea...

45 CFR 46.206 - Research involving, after delivery, the placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., the dead fetus or fetal material. 46.206 Section 46.206 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... placenta, the dead fetus or fetal material. (a) Research involving, after delivery, the placenta; the dead fetus; macerated fetal material; or cells, tissue, or organs excised from a dead fetus, shall be...

More Dead than Dead: Perceptions of Persons in the Persistent Vegetative State

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gray, Kurt; Knickman, T. Anne; Wegner, Daniel M.

2011-01-01

Patients in persistent vegetative state (PVS) may be biologically alive, but these experiments indicate that people see PVS as a state curiously more dead than dead. Experiment 1 found that PVS patients were perceived to have less mental capacity than the dead. Experiment 2 explained this effect as an outgrowth of afterlife beliefs, and the…

Multiple severe stab wounds to chest with cuts to the ribs. Suicide or homicide?

PubMed

Kaliszan, Michał

2011-01-01

This paper presents the case of a 36-year-old man found dead in a forest near his home with multiple stab wounds on the chest and abdomen, while the chest wounds penetrated deep into the left pleural cavity and the lung parenchyma, completely cutting through the bone sections of four ribs along the channels of the wounds. In addition, a kitchen knife dug into the ground was found in the immediate vicinity of the corpse. The deceased was wearing a T-shirt with numerous clearly visible holes in places corresponding to the wounds and quite a large tear at the bottom. The post-mortem revealed 19 distinct wounds of the chest as well as a dozen or so superficial marks of cuts or pricks with a pointed tool on the torso. The findings of the police investigation suggested that shortly before death the man was in a bad mood and he had been telling his friends to prepare for his funeral, which was supposed to point to suicidal tendencies. Could, however, such numerous and heavy bodily injuries have been self-inflicted and would such a wounded person still be able to dig a knife into hard forest bed? If yes, in this case we are most probably dealing with aggressive self-destruction, a type of behavior sometimes observed in people suffering from serious mental disorders. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.

[The transformation of Friedrich the Great. A psychoanalytic study].

PubMed

Lewy, E

1995-08-01

The transformation of Frederick the Great. A psychoanalytic study.--As a child and young man, Prince Frederick Hohenzollern, later King Frederick II of Prussia, flatly rejected his father's militaristic, Teutonic code of behaviour with its emphasis on dutiful service, self-abnegation and obedience. Instead he indulged his more "effeminate" leanings, taking an interest in literature, music and the unsoldierly delights provided by the courtly life of the age, and was encouraged in this by both his mother and his sister. This refusal to espouse the manly, paternal principle drove the crown prince into an increasingly vehement conflict with his father, who observed his son's indifference to all things military with growing bitterness, and finally led to a catastrophe in the course of which Frederick's closest friend was executed and he himself only just escaped his father's deadly vengeance. After this crisis, Frederick conformed more and more closely to his father's expectations and instructions and after the latter's death in 1740 developed into a ruler who enhanced Prussia's military and political glory and established a paternalistic principle that not only equalled but indeed exceeded everything that his father had stood for. The author traces in detail Frederick's astounding transformation into the "Frederick the Great" familiar to us from history books, analysing it both psychodynamically and in terms of identity theory. His conclusion is that it was the strength of Frederick's ego--itself the very prerequisite of "greatness"--that saved him from coming to grief over this conflict of identity.

9 CFR 82.4 - General provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... following articles may not be moved interstate from a quarantined area: (1) Dead birds and dead poultry...) Dressed carcasses of birds and poultry, and other dead birds and dead poultry, including any parts of the...

9 CFR 82.4 - General provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... following articles may not be moved interstate from a quarantined area: (1) Dead birds and dead poultry...) Dressed carcasses of birds and poultry, and other dead birds and dead poultry, including any parts of the...

9 CFR 82.4 - General provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... following articles may not be moved interstate from a quarantined area: (1) Dead birds and dead poultry...) Dressed carcasses of birds and poultry, and other dead birds and dead poultry, including any parts of the...

9 CFR 82.4 - General provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... following articles may not be moved interstate from a quarantined area: (1) Dead birds and dead poultry...) Dressed carcasses of birds and poultry, and other dead birds and dead poultry, including any parts of the...

Investigation of the disposal of dead pigs by pig farmers in mainland China by simulation experiment.

PubMed

Wu, Linhai; Xu, Guoyan; Li, Qingguang; Hou, Bo; Hu, Wuyang; Wang, Jianhua

2017-01-01

Dead pigs are a major waste by-product of pig farming. Thus, safe disposal of dead pigs is important to the protection of consumer health and the ecological environment by preventing marketing of slaughtered and processed dead pigs and improper dumping of dead pigs. In this study, a probability model was constructed for the disposal of dead pigs by pig farmers by selecting factors affecting disposal. To that end, we drew on the definition and meaning of behavior probability based on survey data collected from 654 pig farmers in Funing County, Jiangsu Province, China. Moreover, the role of influencing factors in pig farmers' behavioral choices regarding the disposal of dead pigs was simulated by simulation experiment. The results indicated that years of farming had a positive impact on pig farmers' choice of negative disposal of dead pigs. Moreover, there was not a simple linear relationship between scale of farming and pig farmers' behavioral choices related to the disposal of dead pigs. The probability for farmers to choose the safe disposal of dead pigs increased with the improvement of their knowledge of government policies and relevant laws and regulations. Pig farmers' behavioral choice about the disposal of dead pigs was also affected by government subsidy policies, regulation, and punishment. Government regulation and punishment were more effective than subsidy. The findings of our simulation experiment provide important decision-making support for the governance in preventing the marketing of dead pigs at the source.

Comparative growth and development of spiders reared on live and dead prey.

PubMed

Peng, Yu; Zhang, Fan; Gui, Shaolan; Qiao, Huping; Hose, Grant C

2013-01-01

Scavenging (feeding on dead prey) has been demonstrated across a number of spider families, yet the implications of feeding on dead prey for the growth and development of individuals and population is unknown. In this study we compare the growth, development, and predatory activity of two species of spiders that were fed on live and dead prey. Pardosa astrigera (Lycosidae) and Hylyphantes graminicola (Lyniphiidae) were fed live or dead fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster. The survival of P. astrigera and H. graminicola was not affected by prey type. The duration of late instars of P. astrigera fed dead prey were longer and mature spiders had less protein content than those fed live prey, whereas there were no differences in the rate of H. graminicola development, but the mass of mature spiders fed dead prey was greater than those fed live prey. Predation rates by P. astrigera did not differ between the two prey types, but H. graminicola had a higher rate of predation on dead than alive prey, presumably because the dead flies were easier to catch and handle. Overall, the growth, development and reproduction of H. graminicola reared with dead flies was better than those reared on live flies, yet for the larger P. astrigera, dead prey may suit smaller instars but mature spiders may be best maintained with live prey. We have clearly demonstrated that dead prey may be suitable for rearing spiders, although the success of the spiders fed such prey appears size- and species specific.

Comparative Growth and Development of Spiders Reared on Live and Dead Prey

PubMed Central

Peng, Yu; Zhang, Fan; Gui, Shaolan; Qiao, Huping; Hose, Grant C.

2013-01-01

Scavenging (feeding on dead prey) has been demonstrated across a number of spider families, yet the implications of feeding on dead prey for the growth and development of individuals and population is unknown. In this study we compare the growth, development, and predatory activity of two species of spiders that were fed on live and dead prey. Pardosa astrigera (Lycosidae) and Hylyphantes graminicola (Lyniphiidae) were fed live or dead fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster. The survival of P. astrigera and H. graminicola was not affected by prey type. The duration of late instars of P. astrigera fed dead prey were longer and mature spiders had less protein content than those fed live prey, whereas there were no differences in the rate of H. graminicola development, but the mass of mature spiders fed dead prey was greater than those fed live prey. Predation rates by P. astrigera did not differ between the two prey types, but H. graminicola had a higher rate of predation on dead than alive prey, presumably because the dead flies were easier to catch and handle. Overall, the growth, development and reproduction of H. graminicola reared with dead flies was better than those reared on live flies, yet for the larger P. astrigera, dead prey may suit smaller instars but mature spiders may be best maintained with live prey. We have clearly demonstrated that dead prey may be suitable for rearing spiders, although the success of the spiders fed such prey appears size- and species specific. PMID:24386248

Foundations of planetary quarantine.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, L. B.; Lyle, R. G.

1971-01-01

Discussion of some of the problems in microbiology and engineering involved in the implementation of planetary quarantine. It is shown that the solutions require new knowledge in both disciplines for success at low cost in terms of both monetary outlay and man's further exploration of the planets. A related problem exists in that engineers are not accustomed to the wide variation of biological data and microbiologists must learn to work and think in more exact terms. Those responsible for formulating or influencing national and international policies must walk a tightrope with delicate balance between unnecessarily stringent requirements for planetary quarantine on the one hand and prevention of contamination on the other. The success of planetary quarantine measures can be assured only by rigorous measures, each checked, rechecked, and triple-checked to make sure that no errors have been made and that no factor has been overlooked.

KSC-99pp0875

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-07-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin (right) addresses the audience at the Apollo 11 anniversary banquet honoring the Apollo team, the people who made the entire lunar landing program possible. The banquet was held in the Apollo/Saturn V Center, part of the KSC Visitor Complex, with seating under an unused Saturn V rocket like those that powered the Apollo launches . This is the 30th anniversary of the Apollo 11 launch and moon landing, July 16 and July 20, 1969. Among the guests at the banquet were former Apollo astronauts are Neil A. Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin who flew on Apollo 11, the launch of the first moon landing; Gene Cernan, who flew on Apollo 10 and 17 and was the last man to walk on the moon; and Walt Cunningham, who flew on Apollo 7

NASA Administrator Dan Goldin speaks at Apollo 11 anniversary banquet.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin (right) addresses the audience at the Apollo 11 anniversary banquet honoring the Apollo team, the people who made the entire lunar landing program possible. The banquet was held in the Apollo/Saturn V Center, part of the KSC Visitor Complex, with seating under an unused Saturn V rocket like those that powered the Apollo launches . This is the 30th anniversary of the Apollo 11 launch and moon landing, July 16 and July 20, 1969. Among the guests at the banquet were former Apollo astronauts are Neil A. Armstrong and Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin who flew on Apollo 11, the launch of the first moon landing; Gene Cernan, who flew on Apollo 10 and 17 and was the last man to walk on the moon; and Walt Cunningham, who flew on Apollo 7.

NASA Administrator Dan Goldin greets Neil Armstrong at Apollo 11 anniversary banquet.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

During an anniversary banquet honoring the Apollo team, the people who made the entire lunar landing program possible, former Apollo astronaut Neil A. Armstrong (left) shakes the hand of Judy Goldin (center), wife of NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin (right). The banquet was held in the Apollo/Saturn V Center, part of the KSC Visitor Complex. This is the 30th anniversary of the Apollo 11 launch and moon landing, July 16 and July 20, 1969. Among the guests at the banquet were former Apollo astronauts are Neil A. Armstrong and Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin who flew on Apollo 11, the launch of the first moon landing; Gene Cernan, who flew on Apollo 10 and 17 and was the last man to walk on the moon; and Walt Cunningham, who flew on Apollo 7.

A Bluetooth/PDR Integration Algorithm for an Indoor Positioning System.

PubMed

Li, Xin; Wang, Jian; Liu, Chunyan

2015-09-25

This paper proposes two schemes for indoor positioning by fusing Bluetooth beacons and a pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) technique to provide meter-level positioning without additional infrastructure. As to the PDR approach, a more effective multi-threshold step detection algorithm is used to improve the positioning accuracy. According to pedestrians' different walking patterns such as walking or running, this paper makes a comparative analysis of multiple step length calculation models to determine a linear computation model and the relevant parameters. In consideration of the deviation between the real heading and the value of the orientation sensor, a heading estimation method with real-time compensation is proposed, which is based on a Kalman filter with map geometry information. The corrected heading can inhibit the positioning error accumulation and improve the positioning accuracy of PDR. Moreover, this paper has implemented two positioning approaches integrated with Bluetooth and PDR. One is the PDR-based positioning method based on map matching and position correction through Bluetooth. There will not be too much calculation work or too high maintenance costs using this method. The other method is a fusion calculation method based on the pedestrians' moving status (direct movement or making a turn) to determine adaptively the noise parameters in an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) system. This method has worked very well in the elimination of various phenomena, including the "go and back" phenomenon caused by the instability of the Bluetooth-based positioning system and the "cross-wall" phenomenon due to the accumulative errors caused by the PDR algorithm. Experiments performed on the fourth floor of the School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics (SESSI) building in the China University of Mining and Technology (CUMT) campus showed that the proposed scheme can reliably achieve a 2-meter precision.

A Bluetooth/PDR Integration Algorithm for an Indoor Positioning System

PubMed Central

Li, Xin; Wang, Jian; Liu, Chunyan

2015-01-01

This paper proposes two schemes for indoor positioning by fusing Bluetooth beacons and a pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) technique to provide meter-level positioning without additional infrastructure. As to the PDR approach, a more effective multi-threshold step detection algorithm is used to improve the positioning accuracy. According to pedestrians’ different walking patterns such as walking or running, this paper makes a comparative analysis of multiple step length calculation models to determine a linear computation model and the relevant parameters. In consideration of the deviation between the real heading and the value of the orientation sensor, a heading estimation method with real-time compensation is proposed, which is based on a Kalman filter with map geometry information. The corrected heading can inhibit the positioning error accumulation and improve the positioning accuracy of PDR. Moreover, this paper has implemented two positioning approaches integrated with Bluetooth and PDR. One is the PDR-based positioning method based on map matching and position correction through Bluetooth. There will not be too much calculation work or too high maintenance costs using this method. The other method is a fusion calculation method based on the pedestrians’ moving status (direct movement or making a turn) to determine adaptively the noise parameters in an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) system. This method has worked very well in the elimination of various phenomena, including the “go and back” phenomenon caused by the instability of the Bluetooth-based positioning system and the “cross-wall” phenomenon due to the accumulative errors caused by the PDR algorithm. Experiments performed on the fourth floor of the School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics (SESSI) building in the China University of Mining and Technology (CUMT) campus showed that the proposed scheme can reliably achieve a 2-meter precision. PMID:26404277

9 CFR 82.4 - General provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... moved interstate from a quarantined area: (1) Dead birds and dead poultry, including any parts of the... poultry, and other dead birds and dead poultry, including any parts of the birds or poultry, that are not...

20 CFR 404.721 - Evidence to presume a person is dead.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Evidence to presume a person is dead. 404.721... person is dead. If you cannot prove the person is dead but evidence of death is needed, we will presume... person is presumed to be dead as set out in Federal law (5 U.S.C. 5565). Unless we have other evidence...

20 CFR 404.721 - Evidence to presume a person is dead.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Evidence to presume a person is dead. 404.721... person is dead. If you cannot prove the person is dead but evidence of death is needed, we will presume... person is presumed to be dead as set out in Federal law (5 U.S.C. 5565). Unless we have other evidence...

20 CFR 404.721 - Evidence to presume a person is dead.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Evidence to presume a person is dead. 404.721... person is dead. If you cannot prove the person is dead but evidence of death is needed, we will presume... person is presumed to be dead as set out in Federal law (5 U.S.C. 5565). Unless we have other evidence...

20 CFR 404.721 - Evidence to presume a person is dead.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Evidence to presume a person is dead. 404.721... person is dead. If you cannot prove the person is dead but evidence of death is needed, we will presume... person is presumed to be dead as set out in Federal law (5 U.S.C. 5565). Unless we have other evidence...

20 CFR 404.721 - Evidence to presume a person is dead.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Evidence to presume a person is dead. 404.721... person is dead. If you cannot prove the person is dead but evidence of death is needed, we will presume... person is presumed to be dead as set out in Federal law (5 U.S.C. 5565). Unless we have other evidence...

Estimating dead-space fraction for secondary analyses of ARDS clinical trials

PubMed Central

Beitler, Jeremy R.; Thompson, B. Taylor; Matthay, Michael A.; Talmor, Daniel; Liu, Kathleen D.; Zhuo, Hanjing; Hayden, Douglas; Spragg, Roger G.; Malhotra, Atul

2015-01-01

Objective Pulmonary dead-space fraction is one of few lung-specific independent predictors of mortality from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, it is not measured routinely in clinical trials and thus altogether ignored in secondary analyses that shape future research directions and clinical practice. This study sought to validate an estimate of dead-space fraction for use in secondary analyses of clinical trials. Design Analysis of patient-level data pooled from ARDS clinical trials. Four approaches to estimate dead-space fraction were evaluated: three required estimating metabolic rate; one estimated dead-space fraction directly. Setting U.S. academic teaching hospitals. Patients Data from 210 patients across three clinical trials were used to compare performance of estimating equations with measured dead-space fraction. A second cohort of 3,135 patients from six clinical trials without measured dead-space fraction was used to confirm whether estimates independently predicted mortality. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results Dead-space fraction estimated using the unadjusted Harris-Benedict equation for energy expenditure was unbiased (mean ± SD Harris-Benedict 0.59 ± 0.13; measured 0.60 ± 0.12). This estimate predicted measured dead-space fraction to within ± 0.10 in 70% of patients and ± 0.20 in 95% of patients. Measured dead-space fraction independently predicted mortality (OR 1.36 per 0.05 increase in dead-space fraction, 95% CI 1.10–1.68; p < .01). The Harris-Benedict estimate closely approximated this association with mortality in the same cohort (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.21–1.98; p < .01) and remained independently predictive of death in the larger ARDSNet cohort. Other estimates predicted measured dead-space fraction or its association with mortality less well. Conclusions Dead-space fraction should be measured in future ARDS clinical trials to facilitate incorporation into secondary analyses. For analyses where dead-space fraction was not measured, the Harris-Benedict estimate can be used to estimate dead-space fraction and adjust for its association with mortality. PMID:25738857

Setting Dead at Zero: Applying Scale Properties to the QALY Model.

PubMed

Roudijk, Bram; Donders, A Rogier T; Stalmeier, Peep F M

2018-04-01

Scaling severe states can be a difficult task. First, the method of measurement affects whether a health state is considered better or worse than dead. Second, in discrete choice experiments, different models to anchor health states on 0 (dead) and 1 (perfect health) produce varying amounts of health states worse than dead. Within the context of the quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) model, this article provides insight into the value assigned to dead and its consequences for decision making. Our research questions are 1) what are the arguments set forth to assign dead the number 0 on the health-utility scale? And 2) what are the effects of the position of dead on the health-utility scale on decision making? A literature review was conducted to explore the arguments set forth to assign dead a value of 0 in the QALY model. In addition, scale properties and transformations were considered. The review uncovered several practical and theoretical considerations for setting dead at 0. In the QALY model, indifference between 2 health episodes is not preserved under changes of the origin of the duration scale. Ratio scale properties are needed for the duration scale to preserve indifferences. In combination with preferences and zero conditions for duration and health, it follows that dead should have a value of 0. The health-utility and duration scales have ratio scale properties, and dead should be assigned the number 0. Furthermore, the position of dead should be carefully established, because it determines how life-saving and life-improving values are weighed in cost-utility analysis.

Experimental evaluation of the extended Dytlewski-style dead time correction formalism for neutron multiplicity counting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lockhart, M.; Henzlova, D.; Croft, S.; Cutler, T.; Favalli, A.; McGahee, Ch.; Parker, R.

2018-01-01

Over the past few decades, neutron multiplicity counting has played an integral role in Special Nuclear Material (SNM) characterization pertaining to nuclear safeguards. Current neutron multiplicity analysis techniques use singles, doubles, and triples count rates because a methodology to extract and dead time correct higher order count rates (i.e. quads and pents) was not fully developed. This limitation is overcome by the recent extension of a popular dead time correction method developed by Dytlewski. This extended dead time correction algorithm, named Dytlewski-Croft-Favalli(DCF), is detailed in reference Croft and Favalli (2017), which gives an extensive explanation of the theory and implications of this new development. Dead time corrected results can then be used to assay SNM by inverting a set of extended point model equations which as well have only recently been formulated. The current paper discusses and presents the experimental evaluation of practical feasibility of the DCF dead time correction algorithm to demonstrate its performance and applicability in nuclear safeguards applications. In order to test the validity and effectiveness of the dead time correction for quads and pents, 252Cf and SNM sources were measured in high efficiency neutron multiplicity counters at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and the count rates were extracted up to the fifth order and corrected for dead time. In order to assess the DCF dead time correction, the corrected data is compared to traditional dead time correction treatment within INCC. The DCF dead time correction is found to provide adequate dead time treatment for broad range of count rates available in practical applications.

Close-range attraction in Lygocoris pabulinus (L.).

PubMed

Drijfhout, F P; Groot, A T

2001-06-01

Males of the green capsid bug, Lygocoris pabulinus, exhibit a specific courtship behavior, i.e., a vibration of the abdomen. When both live and dead females were offered to males, this vibration behavior was elicited in most of the males tested. When females were dissected into separate body parts, heads, wings, and legs elicited equal responses, while thorax plus abdomen elicited a much lower response. When separate body parts were extracted, the leg extracts elicited significantly stronger responses than any other extract. This suggests that female L. pabulinus legs are either the source of a close-range sex pheromone or that pheromone is accumulated on the legs due to grooming behavior. The leg extracts contained several hydrocarbons such as n-alkenes, n-alkanes, and some methylalkanes. Female extracts contained more (Z)-9-pentacosene and male extracts contained more (Z)-9-heptacosene. Substrates on which females had walked elicited similar responses as female legs, indicating that the pheromone is deposited on the substrate. This enlarges the functional range of low-volatility compounds, which are thought to function only when sexes are in close vicinity or in contact.

Using Technology to Facilitate and Enhance Project-based Learning in Mathematical Physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duda, Gintaras

2011-04-01

Problem-based and project-based learning are two pedagogical techniques that have several clear advantages over traditional instructional methods: 1) both techniques are active and student centered, 2) students confront real-world and/or highly complex problems, and 3) such exercises model the way science and engineering are done professionally. This talk will present an experiment in project/problem-based learning in a mathematical physics course. The group project in the course involved modeling a zombie outbreak of the type seen in AMC's ``The Walking Dead.'' Students researched, devised, and solved their mathematical models for the spread of zombie-like infection. Students used technology in all stages; in fact, since analytical solutions to the models were often impossible, technology was a necessary and critical component of the challenge. This talk will explore the use of technology in general in problem and project-based learning and will detail some specific examples of how technology was used to enhance student learning in this course. A larger issue of how students use the Internet to learn will also be explored.

Long-term dead wood changes in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest: habitat and fire hazard implications

Treesearch

Eric E. Knapp

2015-01-01

Dead trees play an important role in forests, with snags and coarse woody debris (CWD) used by many bird and mammal species for nesting, resting, or foraging. However, too much dead wood can also contribute to extreme fire behavior. This tension between dead wood as habitat and dead wood as fuel has raised questions about appropriate quantities in fire-dependent...

The Role of Dead Wood in Maintaining Arthropod Diversity on the Forest Floor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hanula, James L.; Horn, Scott; Wade, Dale D.

2006-08-01

Dead wood is a major component of forests and contributes to overall diversity, primarily by supporting insects that feed directly on or in it. Further, a variety of organisms benefit by feeding on those insects. What is not well known is how or whether dead wood influences the composition of the arthropod community that is not solely dependent on it as a food resource, or whether woody debris influences prey available to generalist predators. One group likely to be affected by dead wood is ground-dwelling arthropods. We studied the effect of adding large dead wood to unburned and frequently burnedmore » pine stands to determine if dead wood was used more when the litter and understory plant community are removed. We also studied the effect of annual removal of dead wood from large (10-ha) plots over a 5-year period on ground-dwelling arthropods. In related studies, we examined the relationships among an endangered woodpecker that forages for prey on live trees, its prey, and dead wood in the forest. Finally, the results of these and other studies show that dead wood can influence the abundance and diversity of the ground-dwelling arthropod community and of prey available to generalist predators not foraging directly on dead trees.« less

Never Declared Brain Dead Potential Organ Donors-An Additional Source of Donor Organs?

PubMed

Webster, Patricia A; Markham, Lori E

2018-03-01

Patients never declared brain dead may represent an additional source of donor organs. To determine the number of likely brain dead potential donors who are never declared brain dead and to compare them with brain dead and donation after cardiac death potential organ donors. This study was a retrospective chart review of all catastrophically brain-injured patients referred to a single-organ procurement organization (OPO) over a 4-year period. This study identified 159 likely brain dead potential organ donors, 902 brain dead potential organ donors, and 357 potential donation after circulatory death donors over a 4-year period. None. This study did not predetermine outcome measures before data collection because the study group, likely brain dead potential organ donors, had not previously been described. Likely brain dead potential donors were significantly older than brain dead potential donors ( P < .0001) but were otherwise not different demographically. They were more likely to be a late referral to the OPO ( P < .0001) and less likely to be in the donor registry ( P < .0001). The most commonly identified factors associated with a failure to declare brain death were an unwillingness to continue supportive care by the family, premention of donation, a nontimely imminent death referral, known prior objection to donation, terminal instability, and a lack of cooperation with the OPO.

The ecosystem service value of living versus dead biogenic reef

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheehan, E. V.; Bridger, D.; Attrill, M. J.

2015-03-01

Mixed maerl beds (corralline red algae) comprise dead thalli with varying amounts of live maerl fragments, but previously it was not known whether the presence of the live maerl increases the ecosystem service 'habitat provision' of the dead maerl for the associated epibenthos. A 'flying array' towed sled with high definition video was used to film transects of the epibenthos in dead maerl and mixed maerl beds in two locations to the north and south of the English Channel (Falmouth and Jersey). Mixed maerl beds supported greater number of taxa and abundance than dead beds in Falmouth, while in Jersey, mixed and dead beds supported similar number of taxa and dead beds had a greater abundance of epifauna. Scallops tended to be more abundant on mixed beds than dead beds. Tube worms were more abundant on mixed beds in Falmouth and dead beds in Jersey. An increasing percentage occurrence of live maerl thalli correlated with increasing number of taxa in Falmouth but not Jersey. It was concluded that while live thalli can increase the functional role of dead maerl beds for the epibenthos, this is dependent on location and response variable. As a result of this work, maerl habitat in SE Jersey has been protected from towed demersal fishing gear.

Solving the Mystery: Hyalinized cyst wall containing organism- like structures in a Lung Transplant Donor.

PubMed

Bini Viotti, Julia; Loebe, Matthias; Brozzi, Nicolas; Pinto, Andre; Simkins, Jacques; Cloke, Christina M; Camargo, Jose F; Salama, Sam; Abbo, Lilian M

2018-06-05

A 59-year-old man with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy underwent orthotopic heart transplantation. The donor, a 31-year-old male declared brain dead after a gunshot wound to the head, was considered high risk due to history of incarceration, illicit drug use and sex with a HIV positive partner. At organ procurement, the heart, kidneys, pancreas and liver looked grossly normal. A small right lower lobe nodule was noticed, and lung biopsy was performed. Bronchoscopy showed purulent secretions in the right lower lobe. Images from pathology are presented. Lung biopsy confirmed the presence of hyalinized cyst wall containing organism- like structures. A combination of culture, microscopic morphology, and gene sequencing was used to identify the causative organism. The patient and all other organ recipients received appropriate antifungal prophylaxis and remain asymptomatic six months post- transplant. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

[On the artful, yet pernicious body. A cultural-historical interpretation of Bidloo's anatomical atlas].

PubMed

Knoeff, Rina

2003-01-01

Among historians of science and medicine it is well known that early modern anatomical representations, in addition to illustrating ideas on the body, also teach a moral lesson. The anatomical cabinets of Frederik Ruysch (1638-1731) are exemplary. His exhibits show 1) the divine design of the body and 2) the fragility of life and man's dependence on God for his existence. Govard Bidloo (1649-1713), in his anatomical atlas, the Anatomia humani corporis (1685), does not seem to answer this standard view on the 'moral teaching' of anatomy. It has been argued that his depictions of dead and mutilated (parts of) bodies indicate a more realistic way of representation, devoid of metaphor and morality. Yet, taking the fierce controversy between Bidloo and Ruysch as my starting point, I show that in fact there is a moral lesson in Bidloo's anatomy. It reflects two important aspects of Bidloo's Mennonite faith, i.e. the aversion against beautiful decoration and the fascination with suffering and death found in martyr stories.

Antiviral Activity of Natural Products Extracted from Marine Organisms

PubMed Central

Uzair, Bushra; Mahmood, Zahra; Tabassum, Sobia

2011-01-01

Many epidemics have broken out over the centuries. Hundreds and thousands of humans have died over a disease. Available treatments for infectious diseases have always been limited. Some infections are more deadly than the others, especially viral pathogens. These pathogens have continuously resisted all kinds of medical treatment, due to a need for new treatments to be developed. Drugs are present in nature and are also synthesized in vitro and they help in combating diseases and restoring health. Synthesizing drugs is a hard and time consuming task, which requires a lot of man power and financial aid. However, the natural compounds are just lying around on the earth, may it be land or water. Over a thousand novel compounds isolated from marine organisms are used as antiviral agents. Others are being pharmacologically tested. Today, over forty antiviral compounds are present in the pharmacological market. Some of these compounds are undergoing clinical and preclinical stages. Marine compounds are paving the way for a new trend in modern medicine. PMID:23678429

[Simultaneous Hepatorenal Transplantation from a Brain-Dead Donor for Graft Dysfunction and Renal Insufficiency in a Liver Transplant Recipient : A Case Report].

PubMed

Takada, Hideaki; Kobayashi, Takashi; Ogawa, Kohei; Miyata, Hitomi; Sawada, Atsuro; Akamatsu, Shusuke; Negoro, Hiromitsu; Saito, Ryoichi; Terada, Naoki; Yamasaki, Toshinari; Inoue, Takahiro; Teramoto, Yuki; Shibuya, Shinsuke; Haga, Hironori; Kaido, Toshimi; Uemoto, Shinji; Ogawa, Osamu

2017-08-01

We report a case of lethal hepatorenal insufficiency in a 52-year-old man who received successful simultaneous hepatorenal transplantation from a deceased donor. The patient had undergone live-donor liver transplantation for type-C hepatitis and liver cirrhosis 11 years before he developed graft liver dysfunction due to recurrent viral hepatitis and cirrhosis. At that instance, he also developed end-stage renal dysfunction due to calcineurin inhibitor nephropathy and hepatorenal syndrome. Although he needed three open hemostases and abundant blood transfusion, he was withdrawn from continuous hemodiafiltration on the 55th day and discharged from the hospital on the 272nd day postoperatively. Simultaneous hepatorenal transplantation was reported to be associated with more favorable outcomes of graft function, lower rejection rates, but higher perioperative complication rates compared with liver transplantation alone in patients on hemodialysis. Particularly, close attention should be paid for hemostasis since patients have a hemorrhagic tendency until the recovery of graft liver function.

Mixed acinar-neuroendocrine-ductal carcinoma of the pancreas: a tale of three lineages.

PubMed

Anderson, Mark J; Kwong, Christina A; Atieh, Mohammed; Pappas, Sam G

2016-06-02

Most pancreatic cancers arise from a single cell type, although mixed pancreatic carcinomas represent a rare exception. The rarity of these aggressive malignancies and the limitations of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) pose significant barriers to diagnosis and appropriate management. We report a case of a 54-year-old man presenting with abdominal pain, jaundice and a hypodense lesion within the uncinate process on CT. FNA suggested poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, which was subsequently resected via pancreaticoduodenectomy. Pathological analysis yielded diagnosis of invasive mixed acinar-neuroendocrine-ductal pancreatic carcinoma. Given the rare and deadly nature of these tumours, clinicians must be aware of their pathophysiology and do practice with a high degree of clinical suspicion, when appropriate. Surgical resection and thorough pathological analysis with immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy remain the standards of care for mixed pancreatic tumours without gross evidence of metastasis. Diligent characterisation of the presentation and histological findings associated with these neoplasms should continue in order to promote optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. 2016 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

An unusual pattern of decomposition associated with suicidal electrocution in a bath.

PubMed

Fernando, Tarini; Winskog, Calle; Byard, Roger W

2013-07-01

A 51-year-old man was found dead face down and partially submerged in a bathtub alongside two hairdryers. The hairdryers had continued to work, as the victim had bypassed the electrical board of the house prior to dropping them into the water. This had resulted in death due to electrocution, with subsequent heating of the bath water causing marked putrefaction and softening of the immersed body parts. The back and feet, which were not submerged, were preserved. The degree of anterior decomposition was not in keeping with the postmortem interval; however, regional decomposition with sparing of the back and feet provided a clue at autopsy as to the sequence of events. Individuals with training in, or knowledge of, electrical circuitry are capable of modifying domestic wiring so that safety switches and/or fuses can be bypassed ensuring that electrical devices will continue to function even while under water. © 2013 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

[The Triumph of "Stupidity" : Deep Blue`s Victory over Garri Kasparov. The Controversy about its Impact on Artficial Intelligence Research].

PubMed

Heßler, Martina

2017-03-01

The competition between the chess computer Deep Blue and the former chess world champion Garri Kasparov in 1997 was a spectacle staged for the media. However, the chess game, like other games, was also a test field for artificial intelligence research. On the one hand Deep Blue's victory was called a "milestone" for AI research, on the other hand, a dead end, since the superiority of the chess computer was based on pure computing power and had nothing to do with "real" AI.The article questions the premises of these different interpretations and maps Deep Blue and its way of playing chess into the history of AI. This also requires an analysis of the underlying concepts of thinking. Finally, the essay calls for assuming different "ways of thinking" for man and computer. Instead of fundamental discussions of concepts of thinking, we should ask about the consequences of the human-machine division of labor.

Pressure-controlled treadmill training in chronic stroke: a case study with AlterG.

PubMed

Lathan, Cherise; Myler, Andrew; Bagwell, Jennifer; Powers, Christopher M; Fisher, Beth E

2015-04-01

Body-weight-supported treadmill training has been shown to be an effective intervention to improve walking characteristics for individuals who have experienced a stroke. A pressure-controlled treadmill utilizes a sealed chamber in which air pressure can be altered in a controlled manner to counteract the effects of gravity. The focus of this case study was to assess the immediate and short-term impact of a pressure-controlled treadmill to improve gait parameters, reduce fall risk, improve participation, and reduce the self-perceived negative impact of stroke in an individual with chronic stroke. The subject was an 81-year-old man (14.5 months poststroke). He had slow walking speed, poor endurance, and multiple gait deviations. The subject trained 4 times per week for 4 weeks (40 minutes per session) on a pressure-controlled treadmill (AlterG M320) to counter the influence of gravity on the lower extremities. Following training, self-selected gait speed increased from 0.50 m/s to 0.96 m/s, as measured by the 10-meter walk test. Stride length increased from 0.58 m to 0.95 m after training and to 1.00 m at 1-month follow-up. Peak hip flexion increased from 3.7° to 24.6° after training and to 19.4° at 1-month follow-up. Peak knee flexion increased from 19.4° to 34.3° after training and to 42.7° at 1-month follow-up. Measures of endurance, fall risk, and percentage of perceived recovery also were found to improve posttraining. Training with a pressure-controlled treadmill may be a viable alternative to traditional body-weight-supported treadmill training for persons poststroke. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to elucidate the role of pressure-controlled treadmill training in this population. Video abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A97).

Experimental evaluation of the extended Dytlewski-style dead time correction formalism for neutron multiplicity counting

DOE PAGES

Lockhart, M.; Henzlova, D.; Croft, S.; ...

2017-09-20

Over the past few decades, neutron multiplicity counting has played an integral role in Special Nuclear Material (SNM) characterization pertaining to nuclear safeguards. Current neutron multiplicity analysis techniques use singles, doubles, and triples count rates because a methodology to extract and dead time correct higher order count rates (i.e. quads and pents) was not fully developed. This limitation is overcome by the recent extension of a popular dead time correction method developed by Dytlewski. This extended dead time correction algorithm, named Dytlewski-Croft-Favalli (DCF), is detailed in reference Croft and Favalli (2017), which gives an extensive explanation of the theory andmore » implications of this new development. Dead time corrected results can then be used to assay SNM by inverting a set of extended point model equations which as well have only recently been formulated. Here, we discuss and present the experimental evaluation of practical feasibility of the DCF dead time correction algorithm to demonstrate its performance and applicability in nuclear safeguards applications. In order to test the validity and effectiveness of the dead time correction for quads and pents, 252Cf and SNM sources were measured in high efficiency neutron multiplicity counters at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and the count rates were extracted up to the fifth order and corrected for dead time. To assess the DCF dead time correction, the corrected data is compared to traditional dead time correction treatment within INCC. In conclusion, the DCF dead time correction is found to provide adequate dead time treatment for broad range of count rates available in practical applications.« less

How dead is dead? Qualitative findings from participants of combined traditional and lead-time time trade-off valuations.

PubMed

Al Sayah, Fatima; Mladenovic, Ana; Gaebel, Kathryn; Xie, Feng; Johnson, Jeffrey A

2016-01-01

The EuroQol Valuation Technology (EQ-VT) uses traditional time trade-off (tTTO) for health states better than dead and lead-time TTO (LT-TTO) for states worse than dead to elicit a value (-1.0 to +1.0) for each health state. In the Canadian EQ-5D-5L Valuation study which used the EQVT platform, we observed an unexpected peak in frequency of "0" values and few negative values, particularly in the range of 0 to -0.5. To better understand this finding, we sought to explore respondents' thought processes while valuing a health state, and their understanding of the tTTO and LT-TTO exercises. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with EQVT task respondents. Questions focused on valuations of health states as: (a) Same as dead in tTTO, (b) Worse than dead in tTTO but changed to same as dead in LT-TTO, (c) Worse than dead in LT-TTO, and (d) Worse than dead in LT-TTO with trading off all 10 years. Data were analyzed using content and thematic analysis. Mean age of participants (N = 70) was 40 ± 18.1 years, 60% female, and 76% Caucasian. Participants provided similar reasons for valuing a health state same as or worse than dead. Many participants expressed confusion about worse than dead valuations, distinction between same as and worse than dead, and the transition from tTTO to LT-TTO. A few indicated that the addition of 10 years of full health in the LT-TTO influenced their valuations. The transition from tTTO to LT-TTO in the EQVT was confusing to participants, whereby some health state valuations around this transition appeared to be arbitrary.

Experimental evaluation of the extended Dytlewski-style dead time correction formalism for neutron multiplicity counting

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lockhart, M.; Henzlova, D.; Croft, S.

Over the past few decades, neutron multiplicity counting has played an integral role in Special Nuclear Material (SNM) characterization pertaining to nuclear safeguards. Current neutron multiplicity analysis techniques use singles, doubles, and triples count rates because a methodology to extract and dead time correct higher order count rates (i.e. quads and pents) was not fully developed. This limitation is overcome by the recent extension of a popular dead time correction method developed by Dytlewski. This extended dead time correction algorithm, named Dytlewski-Croft-Favalli (DCF), is detailed in reference Croft and Favalli (2017), which gives an extensive explanation of the theory andmore » implications of this new development. Dead time corrected results can then be used to assay SNM by inverting a set of extended point model equations which as well have only recently been formulated. Here, we discuss and present the experimental evaluation of practical feasibility of the DCF dead time correction algorithm to demonstrate its performance and applicability in nuclear safeguards applications. In order to test the validity and effectiveness of the dead time correction for quads and pents, 252Cf and SNM sources were measured in high efficiency neutron multiplicity counters at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and the count rates were extracted up to the fifth order and corrected for dead time. To assess the DCF dead time correction, the corrected data is compared to traditional dead time correction treatment within INCC. In conclusion, the DCF dead time correction is found to provide adequate dead time treatment for broad range of count rates available in practical applications.« less

SU-E-T-458: Determining Threshold-Of-Failure for Dead Pixel Rows in EPID-Based Dosimetry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gersh, J; Wiant, D

Purpose: A pixel correction map is applied to all EPID-based applications on the TrueBeam (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). When dead pixels are detected, an interpolative smoothing algorithm is applied using neighboring-pixel information to supplement missing-pixel information. The vendor suggests that when the number of dead pixels exceeds 70,000, the panel should be replaced. It is common for entire detector rows to be dead, as well as their neighboring rows. Approximately 70 rows can be dead before the panel reaches this threshold. This study determines the number of neighboring dead-pixel rows that would create a large enough deviation inmore » measured fluence to cause failures in portal dosimetry (PD). Methods: Four clinical two-arc VMAT plans were generated using Eclipse's AXB algorithm and PD plans were created using the PDIP algorithm. These plans were chosen to represent those commonly encountered in the clinic: prostate, lung, abdomen, and neck treatments. During each iteration of this study, an increasing number of dead-pixel rows are artificially applied to the correction map and a fluence QA is performed using the EPID (corrected with this map). To provide a worst-case-scenario, the dead-pixel rows are chosen so that they present artifacts in the highfluence region of the field. Results: For all eight arc-fields deemed acceptable via a 3%/3mm gamma analysis (pass rate greater than 99%), VMAT QA yielded identical results with a 5 pixel-width dead zone. When 10 dead lines were present, half of the fields had pass rates below the 99% pass rate. With increasing dead rows, the pass rates were reduced substantially. Conclusion: While the vendor still suggests to request service at the point where 70,000 dead rows are measured (as recommended by the vendor), the authors suggest that service should be requested when there are greater than 5 consecutive dead rows.« less

Raising the Dead without a Red Sea-Dead Sea Canal? A hydro-economic-institutional analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosenberg, D. E.

2010-12-01

Presently, just 100 million cubic meters per year (MCM/year) of the 1,000+ MCM/year that historically flowed in the lower Jordan River reach the Dead Sea. Israeli, Jordanian, and Syrian dam and extraction projects built over seven decades have principally caused the reduced flow, associated falling Dead Sea level, shrinking surface area, sink holes, salinity, and other catastrophic problems. These problems will be magnified in the face of up to 20% reductions in precipitation expected with climate change. The fix proposed by Jordan, Israel, and Palestine—and now under study by the World Bank—envisions building a $US 5 billion multipurpose canal from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea that would also generate hydropower and desalinated water. Yet alternatives to raise the Dead Sea level that could take advantage of hydrologic variability remain unstudied. Here we show system-wide hydrologic and economic impacts of and discusses institutional management for alternatives to raise the Dead Sea level. Hydro-economic model results for the inter-tied Israel-Jordan-Palestinian water systems show the desalination component of the Red Sea-Dead Sea project is economically unviable. Further, many decentralized new supply, wastewater reuse, conveyance, conservation, and leak reduction projects and programs in each country together increase economic benefits and can reliably deliver up to 900 MCM/year to the Dead Sea. In all cases, results show that net benefits fall and water scarcity rises as the flow volume delivered to the Dead Sea increases. These findings suggest that (i) each country has little individual incentive to allow water to flow to the Dead Sea, and (ii) outside institutions—such as the World Bank—that seek to raise the Dead should instead offer the countries direct incentives to deliver water rather than build them new infrastructure. The work expands the set of viable options to raise the Dead Sea level and can help the World Bank and others recommend whether to move forward with the Red Sea-Dead Sea project.

No Time for Dead Time: Use the Fourier Amplitude Differences to Normalize Dead-time-affected Periodograms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bachetti, Matteo; Huppenkothen, Daniela

2018-02-01

Dead time affects many of the instruments used in X-ray astronomy, by producing a strong distortion in power density spectra. This can make it difficult to model the aperiodic variability of the source or look for quasi-periodic oscillations. Whereas in some instruments a simple a priori correction for dead-time-affected power spectra is possible, this is not the case for others such as NuSTAR, where the dead time is non-constant and long (∼2.5 ms). Bachetti et al. (2015) suggested the cospectrum obtained from light curves of independent detectors within the same instrument as a possible way out, but this solution has always only been a partial one: the measured rms was still affected by dead time because the width of the power distribution of the cospectrum was modulated by dead time in a frequency-dependent way. In this Letter, we suggest a new, powerful method to normalize dead-time-affected cospectra and power density spectra. Our approach uses the difference of the Fourier amplitudes from two independent detectors to characterize and filter out the effect of dead time. This method is crucially important for the accurate modeling of periodograms derived from instruments affected by dead time on board current missions like NuSTAR and Astrosat, but also future missions such as IXPE.

46 CFR 92.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 92.10-30 Section 92.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 92.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the...

46 CFR 92.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 92.10-30 Section 92.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 92.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the...

46 CFR 92.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 92.10-30 Section 92.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 92.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the...

46 CFR 108.161 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 108.161 Section 108.161 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Construction and Arrangement Means of Escape § 108.161 Dead end corridors. No dead end corridor...

46 CFR 108.161 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 108.161 Section 108.161 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Construction and Arrangement Means of Escape § 108.161 Dead end corridors. No dead end corridor...

7 CFR 322.29 - Dead bees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Dead bees. 322.29 Section 322.29 Agriculture..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and Transit of Restricted Articles § 322.29 Dead bees. (a) Dead bees imported into or transiting the United States must be...

7 CFR 322.29 - Dead bees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Dead bees. 322.29 Section 322.29 Agriculture..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and Transit of Restricted Articles § 322.29 Dead bees. (a) Dead bees imported into or transiting the United States must be...

7 CFR 322.29 - Dead bees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Dead bees. 322.29 Section 322.29 Agriculture..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and Transit of Restricted Articles § 322.29 Dead bees. (a) Dead bees imported into or transiting the United States must be...

7 CFR 322.29 - Dead bees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Dead bees. 322.29 Section 322.29 Agriculture..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and Transit of Restricted Articles § 322.29 Dead bees. (a) Dead bees imported into or transiting the United States must be...

7 CFR 322.29 - Dead bees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Dead bees. 322.29 Section 322.29 Agriculture..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and Transit of Restricted Articles § 322.29 Dead bees. (a) Dead bees imported into or transiting the United States must be...

78 FR 32622 - Endangered Species; File Nos. 17557 and 17273

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-31

... Northeast Region (File No. 17273) requests authorization to collect, receive and transport 100 dead shortnose and 100 dead Atlantic sturgeon, or parts thereof, annually. Researchers also request authorization for the receipt and transport of up to 350 captive bred, dead shortnose sturgeon and up to 75 dead...

46 CFR 108.161 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 108.161 Section 108.161 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Construction and Arrangement Means of Escape § 108.161 Dead end corridors. No dead end corridor...

46 CFR 92.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 92.10-30 Section 92.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 92.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the...

77 FR 53962 - Technical Standard Order (TSO)-C68a, Airborne Automatic Dead Reckoning Computer Equipment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-04

..., Airborne Automatic Dead Reckoning Computer Equipment Utilizing Aircraft Heading and Doppler Ground Speed.... ACTION: Notice of cancellation of Technical Standard Order (TSO)-C68a, Airborne Automatic Dead Reckoning... . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background Doppler radar is a semiautomatic self-contained dead reckoning navigation...

46 CFR 108.161 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 108.161 Section 108.161 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Construction and Arrangement Means of Escape § 108.161 Dead end corridors. No dead end corridor...

46 CFR 92.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 92.10-30 Section 92.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 92.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the...

46 CFR 108.161 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 108.161 Section 108.161 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Construction and Arrangement Means of Escape § 108.161 Dead end corridors. No dead end corridor...

9 CFR 314.8 - Dead animal carcasses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Dead animal carcasses. 314.8 Section 314.8 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY... Dead animal carcasses. (a) With the exception of dead livestock which have died en route and are...

9 CFR 314.8 - Dead animal carcasses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Dead animal carcasses. 314.8 Section 314.8 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY... Dead animal carcasses. (a) With the exception of dead livestock which have died en route and are...

9 CFR 314.8 - Dead animal carcasses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Dead animal carcasses. 314.8 Section 314.8 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY... Dead animal carcasses. (a) With the exception of dead livestock which have died en route and are...

9 CFR 314.8 - Dead animal carcasses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Dead animal carcasses. 314.8 Section 314.8 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY... Dead animal carcasses. (a) With the exception of dead livestock which have died en route and are...

9 CFR 314.8 - Dead animal carcasses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Dead animal carcasses. 314.8 Section 314.8 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY... Dead animal carcasses. (a) With the exception of dead livestock which have died en route and are...

[Soil water reservoir properties and influencing factors of typical newly-established green belts of Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, China.

PubMed

Wu, Hai Bing; Fang, Hai Lan; Peng, Hong Ling

2016-05-01

The effects of different vegetation types, compaction ways and soil basic physico-chemical properties on soil water reservoir in the typical newly-established green belts of Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden were studied. The results showed that the total reservoir capacity, detention capacity and effective storage for the Botanical Garden were lower than those of natural forests. However, the dead storage was very high accounting for 60.6% of the total reservoir capacity, resulting in reduced flood storage and drainage capacity for the greens. The total reservoir capacity and detention capacity of different vegetation types were in order of brush land> tree land> grassland> bamboo land> bare land. The effective storages of the brush land and the tree land were relatively high, whereas those of the bare land and the bamboo land were lower. The ratios of the dead storage over the total re-servoir capacity in the bare land and the bamboo land were relatively high with the values 65.5% and 67.6%, respectively. The total reservoir capacity, detention capacity and effective storage of the brush land were significantly different from those of the bare land. The vegetation significantly improved the water storage and retention capacity for the soil, while the compaction by large machinery and man-caused trampling reduced the total reservoir capacity, detention capacity and effective storage of soils. The water reservoir properties were influenced by soil bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, capillary porosity, non-capillary porosity, total porosity, clay and organic matter contents. Therefore, improving the soil physico-chemical properties might increase the soil reservoir capacity of the urban green belt effectively.

Can dead man tooth do tell tales? Tooth prints in forensic identification.

PubMed

Christopher, Vineetha; Murthy, Sarvani; Ashwinirani, S R; Prasad, Kulkarni; Girish, Suragimath; Vinit, Shashikanth Patil

2017-01-01

We know that teeth trouble us a lot when we are alive, but they last longer for thousands of years even after we are dead. Teeth being the strongest and resistant structure are the most significant tool in forensic investigations. Patterns of enamel rod end on the tooth surface are known as tooth prints. This study is aimed to know whether these tooth prints can become a forensic tool in personal identification such as finger prints. A study has been targeted toward the same. In the present in-vivo study, acetate peel technique has been used to obtain the replica of enamel rod end patterns. Tooth prints of upper first premolars were recorded from 80 individuals after acid etching using cellulose acetate strips. Then, digital images of the tooth prints obtained at two different intervals were subjected to biometric conversion using Verifinger standard software development kit version 6.5 software followed by the use of Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) software for comparison of the tooth prints. Similarly, each individual's finger prints were also recorded and were subjected to the same software. Further, recordings of AFIS scores obtained from images were statistically analyzed using Cronbach's test. We observed that comparing two tooth prints taken from an individual at two intervals exhibited similarity in many cases, with wavy pattern tooth print being the predominant type. However, the same prints showed dissimilarity when compared with other individuals. We also found that most of the individuals with whorl pattern finger print showed wavy pattern tooth print and few loop type fingerprints showed linear pattern of tooth prints. Further more experiments on both tooth prints and finger prints are required in establishing an individual's identity.

Can dead man tooth do tell tales? Tooth prints in forensic identification

PubMed Central

Christopher, Vineetha; Murthy, Sarvani; Ashwinirani, S. R.; Prasad, Kulkarni; Girish, Suragimath; Vinit, Shashikanth Patil

2017-01-01

Background: We know that teeth trouble us a lot when we are alive, but they last longer for thousands of years even after we are dead. Teeth being the strongest and resistant structure are the most significant tool in forensic investigations. Patterns of enamel rod end on the tooth surface are known as tooth prints. Aim: This study is aimed to know whether these tooth prints can become a forensic tool in personal identification such as finger prints. A study has been targeted toward the same. Settings and Design: In the present in-vivo study, acetate peel technique has been used to obtain the replica of enamel rod end patterns. Materials and Methods: Tooth prints of upper first premolars were recorded from 80 individuals after acid etching using cellulose acetate strips. Then, digital images of the tooth prints obtained at two different intervals were subjected to biometric conversion using Verifinger standard software development kit version 6.5 software followed by the use of Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) software for comparison of the tooth prints. Similarly, each individual's finger prints were also recorded and were subjected to the same software. Statistical Analysis: Further, recordings of AFIS scores obtained from images were statistically analyzed using Cronbach's test. Results: We observed that comparing two tooth prints taken from an individual at two intervals exhibited similarity in many cases, with wavy pattern tooth print being the predominant type. However, the same prints showed dissimilarity when compared with other individuals. We also found that most of the individuals with whorl pattern finger print showed wavy pattern tooth print and few loop type fingerprints showed linear pattern of tooth prints. Conclusions: Further more experiments on both tooth prints and finger prints are required in establishing an individual's identity. PMID:28584483

Cochlear Dead Regions in Typical Hearing Aid Candidates: Prevalence and Implications for Use of High-Frequency Speech Cues

PubMed Central

Cox, Robyn M; Alexander, Genevieve C; Johnson, Jani; Rivera, Izel

2011-01-01

We investigated the prevalence of cochlear dead regions in listeners with hearing losses similar to those of many hearing aid wearers, and explored the impact of these dead regions on speech perception. Prevalence of dead regions was assessed using the Threshold Equalizing Noise test (TEN(HL)). Speech recognition was measured using high-frequency emphasis (HFE) Quick Speech In Noise (QSIN) test stimuli and low-pass filtered HFE QSIN stimuli. About one third of subjects tested positive for a dead region at one or more frequencies. Also, groups without and with dead regions both benefited from additional high-frequency speech cues. PMID:21522068

Can dead bacterial cells be defined and are genes expressed after cell death?

PubMed

Trevors, J T

2012-07-01

There is a paucity of knowledge on gene expression in dead bacterial cells. Why would this knowledge be useful? The cells are dead. However, the time duration of gene expression following cell death is often unknown, and possibly in the order of minutes. In addition, it is a challenge to determine if bacterial cells are dead, or viable but non-culturable (VBNC), and what is an agreed upon correct definition of dead bacteria. Cells in the bacterial population or community may die at different rates or times and this complicates both the viability and gene expression analysis. In this article, the definition of dead bacterial cells is discussed and its significance in continued gene expression in cells following death. The definition of living and dead has implications for possible, completely, synthetic bacterial cells that may be capable of growth and division. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dead time corrections using the backward extrapolation method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gilad, E.; Dubi, C.; Geslot, B.; Blaise, P.; Kolin, A.

2017-05-01

Dead time losses in neutron detection, caused by both the detector and the electronics dead time, is a highly nonlinear effect, known to create high biasing in physical experiments as the power grows over a certain threshold, up to total saturation of the detector system. Analytic modeling of the dead time losses is a highly complicated task due to the different nature of the dead time in the different components of the monitoring system (e.g., paralyzing vs. non paralyzing), and the stochastic nature of the fission chains. In the present study, a new technique is introduced for dead time corrections on the sampled Count Per Second (CPS), based on backward extrapolation of the losses, created by increasingly growing artificially imposed dead time on the data, back to zero. The method has been implemented on actual neutron noise measurements carried out in the MINERVE zero power reactor, demonstrating high accuracy (of 1-2%) in restoring the corrected count rate.

Cellulose-Based Biomimetics and Their Applications.

PubMed

Almeida, Ana P C; Canejo, João P; Fernandes, Susete N; Echeverria, Coro; Almeida, Pedro L; Godinho, Maria H

2018-05-01

Nature has been producing cellulose since long before man walked the surface of the earth. Millions of years of natural design and testing have resulted in cellulose-based structures that are an inspiration for the production of synthetic materials based on cellulose with properties that can mimic natural designs, functions, and properties. Here, five sections describe cellulose-based materials with characteristics that are inspired by gratings that exist on the petals of the plants, structurally colored materials, helical filaments produced by plants, water-responsive materials in plants, and environmental stimuli-responsive tissues found in insects and plants. The synthetic cellulose-based materials described herein are in the form of fibers and films. Fascinating multifunctional materials are prepared from cellulose-based liquid crystals and from composite cellulosic materials that combine functionality with structural performance. Future and recent applications are outlined. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Bio-robots automatic navigation with electrical reward stimulation.

PubMed

Sun, Chao; Zhang, Xinlu; Zheng, Nenggan; Chen, Weidong; Zheng, Xiaoxiang

2012-01-01

Bio-robots that controlled by outer stimulation through brain computer interface (BCI) suffer from the dependence on realtime guidance of human operators. Current automatic navigation methods for bio-robots focus on the controlling rules to force animals to obey man-made commands, with animals' intelligence ignored. This paper proposes a new method to realize the automatic navigation for bio-robots with electrical micro-stimulation as real-time rewards. Due to the reward-seeking instinct and trial-and-error capability, bio-robot can be steered to keep walking along the right route with rewards and correct its direction spontaneously when rewards are deprived. In navigation experiments, rat-robots learn the controlling methods in short time. The results show that our method simplifies the controlling logic and realizes the automatic navigation for rat-robots successfully. Our work might have significant implication for the further development of bio-robots with hybrid intelligence.

Anatomical variation in a patient with lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment neuropathy.

PubMed

Kokubo, Rinko; Kim, Kyongsong; Morimoto, Daijiro; Isu, Toyohiko; Iwamoto, Naotaka; Kitamura, Takao; Morita, Akio

2018-05-02

This 53-year-old man had a 10-year history of paresthesia and pain in the right antero-lateral thigh exacerbated by prolonged standing and walking. His symptoms improved completely but transiently by lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) block. The diagnosis was LFCN entrapment (LFCN-EN). As additional treatment with drugs and repeat LFCN block was ineffective, we performed surgical decompression under local anesthesia. A nerve stimulator located the LFCN 4.5 cm medial to the anterior superior iliac spine, it formed a sharp curve and was embedded in connective tissue. Proximal dissection showed it to run parallel to the femoral nerve at the level of the inguinal ligament. The inguinal ligament was partially released to complete dissection/release. Postoperatively, his symptoms improved and the numeric rating scale fell from 8 to 1. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

[Subacute worsening of rigidity in a patient with Parkinson disease].

PubMed

Bekkelund, Svein Ivar; Lilleng, Hallvard; Arntzen, Kjell Arne

2008-09-25

In this paper we report a patient with Parkinson's disease (PD) presenting with subacute motor symptoms, especially rigidity. The 75-year-old man had relatively moderate PD for 12 years, which was treated with levodopa until he developed marked rigidity. The rigidity became worse, with prolonged off-periods, despite treatment with increased doses of levodopa. At the time of hospitalization he was unable to walk independently, but the clinical neurological examination only revealed aggravation of parkinsonian signs. MRI of the brain showed an intracerebral lesion, which was later confirmed as glioblastoma multiforme. The main feature was onset of marked rigidity a few weeks before severe tumour-specific symptoms developed, but spasticity or hyperreflexia were neither reported at the time of symptom exacerbation nor during hospitalization. This case demonstrates the importance of considering other underlying neurological disease in parkinsonian patients presenting with rapid progression of parkinsonian symptoms.

Lung Transplantation in a Patient with Fibrosing Alveolitis

PubMed Central

Hugh-Jones, P.; Macarthur, A. M.; Cullum, P. A.; Mason, S. A.; Crosbie, W. A.; Hutchison, D. C. S.; Winterton, M. C.; Smith, A. P.; Mason, B.; Smith, L. A.

1971-01-01

The transplantation of the right lung into a man aged 40 who was suffering from cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis is described. Before transplantation he had been dependent on oxygen, even at rest, for 24 hours a day for almost two years. The donor was a boy of 16 years who had had a fatal cerebral haemorrhage. The transplanted lung functioned perfectly from the time of operation until the patient's sudden death two months later from an overwhelming haemoptysis apparently from a small peribronchial abscess rupturing into the pulmonary artery. By the third postoperative week the patient had been able to walk unaided and without distress outdoors. The problem of differentiating infection from incipient rejection is discussed. We conclude that clinically successful lung transplantation can be achieved, but only if the problems of lung function, infection, and immunosuppression can all be overcome. ImagesFIG 1FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6 PMID:4105315

A tale of three bio-inspired computational approaches

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schaffer, J. David

2014-05-01

I will provide a high level walk-through for three computational approaches derived from Nature. First, evolutionary computation implements what we may call the "mother of all adaptive processes." Some variants on the basic algorithms will be sketched and some lessons I have gleaned from three decades of working with EC will be covered. Then neural networks, computational approaches that have long been studied as possible ways to make "thinking machines", an old dream of man's, and based upon the only known existing example of intelligence. Then, a little overview of attempts to combine these two approaches that some hope will allow us to evolve machines we could never hand-craft. Finally, I will touch on artificial immune systems, Nature's highly sophisticated defense mechanism, that has emerged in two major stages, the innate and the adaptive immune systems. This technology is finding applications in the cyber security world.

Apollo 14 crewmen near site of volcanic eruption on Hawaii

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1970-01-01

Prime crewmen and backup crewmen of the Apollo 14 mission look over an area near the site of a volcanic eruption in Aloi Alae, Hawaii. Astronauts Alan B. Shepard Jr. (leaning with left hand on ground) and Edgar D. Mitchell (behind Shepard, wearing dark glasses) are the prime crewmen scheduled to walk on the moon. Astronauts Eugene A. Cernan (almost obscured at extreme left) and Joe H. Engle (partially visible, on Cernan's right) are back-up crew commander and lunar module pilot, respectively, for the mission. Others in the photograph are Pat Crosland (in hard hat), a geologist and a park ranger in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park; Michael C McEwen (facing Mitchell) of the Geology Branch, Lunar and Earth Sciences Division, Manned Spacecraft Center; and Astronaut Bruce McCandless II, who made the trip to serve as a spacecraft communicator during simulations of extravehicular activity (EVA) on the lunar surface.

Extensive Functional Evaluations to Monitor Aerobic Training in Becker Muscular Dystrophy: A Case Report.

PubMed

Tramonti, Caterina; Rossi, Bruno; Chisari, Carmelo

2016-06-13

Low-intensity aerobic training seems to have positive effects on muscle strength, endurance and fatigue in Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) patients. We describe the case of a 33-year old BMD man, who performed a four-week aerobic training. Extensive functional evaluations were executed to monitor the efficacy of the rehabilitative treatment. Results evidenced an increased force exertion and an improvement in muscle contraction during sustained exercise. An improvement of walk velocity, together with agility, endurance capacity and oxygen consumption during exercise was observed. Moreover, an enhanced metabolic efficiency was evidenced, as shown by reduced lactate blood levels after training. Interestingly, CK showed higher levels after the training protocol, revealing possible muscle damage. In conclusion, aerobic training may represent an effective method improving exercise performance, functional status and metabolic efficiency. Anyway, a careful functional assessment should be taken into account as a useful approach in the management of the disease's rehabilitative treatment.

14 CFR 1203b.106 - Use of deadly force.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Use of deadly force. 1203b.106 Section 1203b.106 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SECURITY PROGRAMS; ARREST AUTHORITY AND USE OF FORCE BY NASA SECURITY FORCE PERSONNEL § 1203b.106 Use of deadly force. Deadly force...

14 CFR 1203b.106 - Use of deadly force.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Use of deadly force. 1203b.106 Section 1203b.106 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SECURITY PROGRAMS; ARREST AUTHORITY AND USE OF FORCE BY NASA SECURITY FORCE PERSONNEL § 1203b.106 Use of deadly force. Deadly force...

14 CFR 1203b.106 - Use of deadly force.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Use of deadly force. 1203b.106 Section 1203b.106 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SECURITY PROGRAMS; ARREST AUTHORITY AND USE OF FORCE BY NASA SECURITY FORCE PERSONNEL § 1203b.106 Use of deadly force. Deadly force...

14 CFR 1203b.106 - Use of deadly force.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Use of deadly force. 1203b.106 Section 1203b.106 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SECURITY PROGRAMS; ARREST AUTHORITY AND USE OF FORCE BY NASA SECURITY FORCE PERSONNEL § 1203b.106 Use of deadly force. Deadly force...

46 CFR 111.10-7 - Dead ship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Dead ship. 111.10-7 Section 111.10-7 Shipping COAST... REQUIREMENTS Power Supply § 111.10-7 Dead ship. (a) The generating plant of each self-propelled vessel must provide the electrical services necessary to start the main propulsion plant from a dead ship condition...

46 CFR 111.10-7 - Dead ship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Dead ship. 111.10-7 Section 111.10-7 Shipping COAST... REQUIREMENTS Power Supply § 111.10-7 Dead ship. (a) The generating plant of each self-propelled vessel must provide the electrical services necessary to start the main propulsion plant from a dead ship condition...

46 CFR 111.10-7 - Dead ship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Dead ship. 111.10-7 Section 111.10-7 Shipping COAST... REQUIREMENTS Power Supply § 111.10-7 Dead ship. (a) The generating plant of each self-propelled vessel must provide the electrical services necessary to start the main propulsion plant from a dead ship condition...

46 CFR 190.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 190.10-30 Section 190.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 190.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more...

46 CFR 190.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 190.10-30 Section 190.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 190.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more...

46 CFR 72.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 72.10-30 Section 72.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 72.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more than 40...

46 CFR 72.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 72.10-30 Section 72.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 72.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more than 40...

46 CFR 111.10-7 - Dead ship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Dead ship. 111.10-7 Section 111.10-7 Shipping COAST... REQUIREMENTS Power Supply § 111.10-7 Dead ship. (a) The generating plant of each self-propelled vessel must provide the electrical services necessary to start the main propulsion plant from a dead ship condition...

46 CFR 190.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 190.10-30 Section 190.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 190.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more...

46 CFR 111.10-7 - Dead ship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Dead ship. 111.10-7 Section 111.10-7 Shipping COAST... REQUIREMENTS Power Supply § 111.10-7 Dead ship. (a) The generating plant of each self-propelled vessel must provide the electrical services necessary to start the main propulsion plant from a dead ship condition...

46 CFR 72.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 72.10-30 Section 72.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 72.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more than 40...

9 CFR 325.20 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of livestock that died... other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of... transporting in commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled or diseased animals or parts of the carcasses...

9 CFR 325.20 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of livestock that died... other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of... transporting in commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled or diseased animals or parts of the carcasses...

46 CFR 190.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 190.10-30 Section 190.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 190.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more...

9 CFR 325.20 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of livestock that died... other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of... transporting in commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled or diseased animals or parts of the carcasses...

46 CFR 72.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 72.10-30 Section 72.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 72.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more than 40...

46 CFR 190.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 190.10-30 Section 190.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 190.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more...

77 FR 37733 - Technical Standard Order (TSO)-C68a, Airborne Automatic Dead Reckoning Computer Equipment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-22

..., Airborne Automatic Dead Reckoning Computer Equipment Utilizing Aircraft Heading and Doppler Ground Speed.... ACTION: Notice of intent to cancel Technical Standard Order (TSO)-C68a, Airborne automatic dead reckoning... dead reckoning computer equipment utilizing aircraft heading and Doppler ground speed and drift angle...

9 CFR 325.20 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of livestock that died... other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of... transporting in commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled or diseased animals or parts of the carcasses...

46 CFR 72.10-30 - Dead end corridors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Dead end corridors. 72.10-30 Section 72.10-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Means of Escape § 72.10-30 Dead end corridors. (a) Dead end corridors, or the equivalent, more than 40...

9 CFR 325.20 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of livestock that died... other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased livestock, and parts of carcasses of... transporting in commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled or diseased animals or parts of the carcasses...

10 CFR 1047.7 - Use of deadly force.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Use of deadly force. 1047.7 Section 1047.7 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) LIMITED ARREST AUTHORITY AND USE OF FORCE BY PROTECTIVE FORCE OFFICERS General Provisions § 1047.7 Use of deadly force. (a) Deadly force means that force which a...

32 CFR 632.4 - Deadly force.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Deadly force. 632.4 Section 632.4 National... INVESTIGATIONS USE OF FORCE BY PERSONNEL ENGAGED IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY DUTIES § 632.4 Deadly force. (a) Deadly force is destructive physical force directed against a person or persons (e.g., firing a lethal...

Differential predation by northern squawfish Ptychocheilus oregonensis on live and dead juvenile salmonids in the Bonneville Dam tailrace (Columbia River)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Petersen, James H.; Gadomski, Dena M.; Poe, Thomas P.

1994-01-01

Juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) that have been killed or injured during dam passage may be highly vulnerable or preferred prey of predators that aggregate below dams. Salmonid loss due to predation will be overestimated using gut content analysis if some prey were dead or moribund when consumed. To examine this issue, field experiments were conducted in the Bonneville Dam tailrace (Columbia River) to compare rates of capture of live and dead juvenile salmonids by northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis). Known numbers of coded-wire-tagged live and dead chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) were released into the tailrace on six nights. Northern squawfish were collected after each release and their gut contents were examined for tags. When 50% of salmon released were dead, northern squawfish consumed 62% dead salmon. When 10% of salmon released were dead, comparable with dam passage mortality, 22% of the tags found in northern squawfish digestive tracts were from dead salmon. These results indicate that predator feeding behavior and prey condition are important considerations when estimating the impact of predation on a prey population.

Effect of Detector Dead Time on the Performance of Optical Direct-Detection Communication Links

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, C.-C.

1988-01-01

Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) operating in the Geiger mode can provide a significantly improved single-photon detect ion sensitivity over conventional photodiodes. However, the quenching circuit required to remove the excess charge carriers after each photon event can introduce an undesirable dead time into the detection process. The effect of this detector dead time on the performance of a binary pulse-position-modulted (PPM) channel is studied by analyzing the error probability. It is shown that, when back- ground noise is negligible, the performance of the detector with dead time is similar to that o f a quantum-limited receiver. For systems with increasing background intensities, the error rate of the receiver starts to degrade rapidly with increasing dead time. The power penalty due to detector dead time is also evaluated and shown to depend critically on background intensity as well as dead time. Given the expected background strength in an optical channel, therefore, a constraint must be placed on the bandwidth of the receiver to limit the amount of power penalty due to detector dead time.

Do the 'brain dead' merely appear to be alive?

PubMed

Nair-Collins, Michael; Miller, Franklin G

2017-11-01

The established view regarding 'brain death' in medicine and medical ethics is that patients determined to be dead by neurological criteria are dead in terms of a biological conception of death, not a philosophical conception of personhood, a social construction or a legal fiction. Although such individuals show apparent signs of being alive, in reality they are (biologically) dead, though this reality is masked by the intervention of medical technology. In this article, we argue that an appeal to the distinction between appearance and reality fails in defending the view that the 'brain dead' are dead. Specifically, this view relies on an inaccurate and overly simplistic account of the role of medical technology in the physiology of a 'brain dead' patient. We conclude by offering an explanation of why the conventional view on 'brain death', though mistaken, continues to be endorsed in light of its connection to organ transplantation and the dead donor rule. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Effect of detector dead time on the performance of optical direct-detection communication links

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, C.-C.

1988-05-01

Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) operating in the Geiger mode can provide a significantly improved single-photon detection sensitivity over conventional photodiodes. However, the quenching circuit required to remove the excess charge carriers after each photon event can introduce an undesirable dead time into the detection process. The effect of this detector dead time on the performance of a binary pulse-position-modulated (PPM) channel is studied by analyzing the error probability. It is shown that, when background noise is negligible, the performance of the detector with dead time is similar to that of a quantum-limited receiver. For systems with increasing background intensities, the error rate of the receiver starts to degrade rapidly with increasing dead time. The power penalty due to detector dead time is also evaluated and shown to depend critically on badkground intensity as well as dead time. Given the expected background strength in an optical channel, therefore, a constraint must be placed on the bandwidth of the receiver to limit the amount of power penalty due to detector dead time.

Safety evaluation of traces of nickel and chrome in cosmetics: The case of Dead Sea mud.

PubMed

Ma'or, Ze'evi; Halicz, Ludwik; Portugal-Cohen, Meital; Russo, Matteo Zanotti; Robino, Federica; Vanhaecke, Tamara; Rogiers, Vera

2015-12-01

Metal impurities such as nickel and chrome are present in natural ingredients-containing cosmetic products. These traces are unavoidable due to the ubiquitous nature of these elements. Dead Sea mud is a popular natural ingredient of cosmetic products in which nickel and chrome residues are likely to occur. To analyze the potential systemic and local toxicity of Dead Sea mud taking into consideration Dead Sea muds' natural content of nickel and chrome. The following endpoints were evaluated: (Regulation No. 1223/20, 21/12/2009) systemic and (SCCS's Notes of Guidance) local toxicity of topical application of Dead Sea mud; health reports during the last five years of commercial marketing of Dead Sea mud. Following exposure to Dead Sea mud, MoS (margin of safety) calculations for nickel and chrome indicate no toxicological concern for systemic toxicity. Skin sensitization is also not to be expected by exposure of normal healthy skin to Dead Sea mud. Topical application, however, is not recommended for already nickel-or chrome-sensitized persons. As risk assessment of impurities present in cosmetics may be a difficult exercise, the case of Dead Sea mud is taken here as an example of a natural material that may contain traces of unavoidable metals. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Spatial pattern of land surface dead combustible fuel load in Huzhong forest area in Great Xing'an Mountains].

PubMed

Liu, Zhi-Hua; Chang, Yu; Chen, Hong-Wei; Zhou, Rui; Jing, Guo-Zhi; Zhang, Hong-Xin; Zhang, Chang-Meng

2008-03-01

By using geo-statistics and based on time-lag classification standard, a comparative study was made on the land surface dead combustible fuels in Huzhong forest area in Great Xing'an Mountains. The results indicated that the first level land surface dead combustible fuel, i. e., 1 h time-lag dead fuel, presented stronger spatial auto-correlation, with an average of 762.35 g x m(-2) and contributing to 55.54% of the total load. Its determining factors were species composition and stand age. The second and third levels land surface dead combustible fuel, i. e., 10 h and 100 h time-lag dead fuels, had a sum of 610.26 g x m(-2), and presented weaker spatial auto-correlation than 1 h time-lag dead fuel. Their determining factor was the disturbance history of forest stand. The complexity and heterogeneity of the factors determining the quality and quantity of forest land surface dead combustible fuels were the main reasons for the relatively inaccurate interpolation. However, the utilization of field survey data coupled with geo-statistics could easily and accurately interpolate the spatial pattern of forest land surface dead combustible fuel loads, and indirectly provide a practical basis for forest management.

TURBULENCE, TRANSPORT, AND WAVES IN OHMIC DEAD ZONES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gole, Daniel; Simon, Jacob B.; Armitage, Philip J.

We use local numerical simulations to study a vertically stratified accretion disk with a resistive mid-plane that damps magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. This is an idealized model for the dead zones that may be present at some radii in protoplanetary and dwarf novae disks. We vary the relative thickness of the dead and active zones to quantify how forced fluid motions in the dead zone change. We find that the residual Reynolds stress near the mid-plane decreases with increasing dead zone thickness, becoming negligible in cases where the active to dead mass ratio is less than a few percent. This impliesmore » that purely Ohmic dead zones would be vulnerable to episodic accretion outbursts via the mechanism of Martin and Lubow. We show that even thick dead zones support a large amount of kinetic energy, but this energy is largely in fluid motions that are inefficient at angular momentum transport. Confirming results from Oishi and Mac Low, the perturbed velocity field in the dead zone is dominated by an oscillatory, vertically extended circulation pattern with a low frequency compared to the orbital frequency. This disturbance has the properties predicted for the lowest order r mode in a hydrodynamic disk. We suggest that in a global disk similar excitations would lead to propagating waves, whose properties would vary with the thickness of the dead zone and the nature of the perturbations (isothermal or adiabatic). Flows with similar amplitudes would buckle settled particle layers and could reduce the efficiency of pebble accretion.« less

Respect for the dead and the ethics of anatomy.

PubMed

Wilkinson, T M

2014-04-01

Dead bodies are not persons but nor are they just things. What, ethically speaking, do the living owe the dead when it comes to using their bodies in anatomy? The article begins with the general question of respect for the dead. It distinguishes between why we should respect the dead, how we should respect them, and the weight to be given to respect. It sets out an account of the reason to respect the dead based on their interests. The article then turns to how the dead should be respected and the importance of doing so. Specifically, it considers three ethical issues in anatomy: the role of the family, the use of unclaimed bodies, and the public display of bodies donated for that purpose. This article claims that what it is to respect the dead is substantially determined by their wishes. Nonetheless the article argues that respect is consistent with allowing the family to veto anatomical use even when the deceased has consented because respect for the dead does not require following all their possible wishes. Respect is also consistent with using unclaimed bodies to which no one--deceased or family--has consented because the interests of the dead do not directly require consent and the interests of the family are unlikely to be relevant. Finally, the article does not see anything disrespectful in the public display of the bodies of those who have consented. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Survey of pediatricians' opinions on donation after cardiac death: are the donors dead?

PubMed

Joffe, Ari R; Anton, Natalie R; deCaen, Allan R

2008-11-01

There has been debate in the ethics literature as to whether the donation-after-cardiac-death donor is dead after 5 minutes of absent circulation. We set out to determine whether pediatricians consider the donation-after-cardiac-death donor as dead. A survey was mailed to all 147 pediatricians who are affiliated with the university teaching children's hospital. The survey had 4 pediatric patient scenarios in which a decision was made to donate organs after 5 minutes of absent circulation. Background information described the organ shortage, and the debate about the term "irreversibility" applied to death in donation after cardiac death. Descriptive statistics were used, with responses between groups compared by using the chi(2) statistic. The response rate was 54% (80 of 147). In each scenario, when given a patient described as dead with absent circulation for 5 minutes,

[Central cervical cord syndrome: a case report on rehabilitation, with special references to accidental falls in the elderly].

PubMed

Ina, G; Eto, F; Furuichi, T; Suzuki, H; Shibuya, K

1995-03-01

An 81-year-old man with Parkinson's disease was admitted to our hospital with impaired function of all extremities. Four weeks before his symptoms developed, he had tripped on the steps, fallen and bruised his jaw. Following this episode he experienced a few more falls inside his house. On examination his greatest weakness was in the hands and wrists. He was hyper-reflexic in all extremities and had bilateral Babinski's sign. He could not walk and needed physical assistance in most of his daily living activities. X-ray films of the cervical spine showed significant degenerative changes. The magnetic resonance images suggested central cervical cord damage at the level of the C6 vertebral body. After three months' rehabilitation treatment, he became able to walk with a cane and became independent in all the basic activities of daily living except for bathing. He never regained skillful function of his hands despite later levodopa treatment of Parkinson's disease. His clinical features were consistent with the central cervical cord syndrome, described by Schnneider and co-workers in 1954. This syndrome may occur as a result of hyperextension neck injury, occasionally associated with an accidental fall in the elderly with cervical spondylosis. Thirteen patients with cervical spinal cord injury above 65 of age were admitted to our department from 1983 to 1993. Six of them presented with the central cervical cord syndrome, and all patients had a history of accidental injuries related to falling.

Bilateral custom-fit total knee arthroplasty in a patient with poliomyelitis.

PubMed

Tardy, Nicolas; Chambat, Pierre; Murphy, Colin G; Fayard, Jean-Marie

2014-09-01

In limbs affected by poliomyelitis, total knee arthroplasty results in satisfactory pain relief. However, the risk of failure is high, especially if the preoperative quadriceps power is low. Therefore, treating osteoarthritis in the current patient represented a challenging procedure. A 66-year-old man presented with tricompartmental osteoarthritis of both knees, with valgus deformity of 14° on the left knee and 11° on the right knee. He walked with a bilateral knee recurvatum of 30° and a grade 1 quadriceps power. The authors treated both knees with cemented custom-fit hinged total knee arthroplasty with 30° of recurvatum in the tibial keel. Clinical scores showed good results 1 year postoperatively, especially on the subjective data of quality of life and function. At follow-up, radiographs showed good total knee arthroplasty positioning on the right side and a small mechanical loosening at the end of the tibial keel on the left side. Only 5 studies (Patterson and Insall; Moran; Giori and Lewallen; Jordan et al; and Tigani et al) have reported total knee arthroplasty results in patients with poliomyelitis. This study reports an original case of bilateral custom-fit hinged total knee arthroplasty in a patient with poliomyelitis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of this type of procedure in the literature. The key point is the degree of recurvatum that is needed to allow walking, avoiding excessive constraints on the implants that can lead to early mechanical failure. Copyright 2014, SLACK Incorporated.

Development and Field Testing of the FootFall Planning System for the ATHLETE Robots

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

SunSpiral, Vytas; Wheeler, D. W.; Chavez-Clementa, Daniel; Mittman, David

2011-01-01

The FootFall Planning System is a ground-based planning and decision support system designed to facilitate the control of walking activities for the ATHLETE (All-Terrain Hex-Limbed Extra-Terrestrial Explorer) family of robots. ATHLETE was developed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and is a large six-legged robot designed to serve multiple roles during manned and unmanned missions to the Moon; its roles include transportation, construction and exploration. Over the four years from 2006 through 2010 the FootFall Planning System was developed and adapted to two generations of the ATHLETE robots and tested at two analog field sites (the Human Robotic Systems Project's Integrated Field Test at Moses Lake, Washington, June 2008, and the Desert Research and Technology Studies (D-RATS), held at Black Point Lava Flow in Arizona, September 2010). Having 42 degrees of kinematic freedom, standing to a maximum height of just over 4 meters, and having a payload capacity of 450 kg in Earth gravity, the current version of the ATHLETE robot is a uniquely complex system. A central challenge to this work was the compliance of the high-DOF (Degree Of Freedom) robot, especially the compliance of the wheels, which affected many aspects of statically-stable walking. This paper will review the history of the development of the FootFall system, sharing design decisions, field test experiences, and the lessons learned concerning compliance and self-awareness.

[Physical inactivity and associated factors in adults, São Paulo, Brazil].

PubMed

Zanchetta, Luane Margarete; Barros, Marilisa Berti de Azevedo; César, Chester Luiz Galvão; Carandina, Luana; Goldbaum, Moisés; Alves, Maria Cecília Goi Porto

2010-09-01

To analyze the prevalence of overall and leisure time physical inactivity and associated factors and types of exercises or sports modalities according to schooling in 2,050 adults from 18 to 59 years of age - state of São Paulo, Brazil. Population-based cross-sectional study with a stratified sample of clusters performed in multiple stages. Physical inactivity was determined using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - IPAQ and by a question on the regular practice of leisure time physical activity. Data analysis took the sample design into account. Prevalence of physical inactivity during leisure was higher among women. Poisson multiple regression model in man indicated that overall sedentarism was lower among single and separated men, students and without car in the household. Leisure physical inactivity was greater among men over forty years, among those with less schooling and full-time students. Overall physical inactivity was more prevalent among woman with more schooling, with less qualified occupations and widows. Leisure physical inactivity decreased with age and schooling. Among modalities practiced for leisure, walking was more prevalent among women and football was more prevalent among men. Most modalities were directly associated with schooling; approximately 25% of the individuals with more than 12 years of schooling practiced walking. These results suggest that interventions and public policies to promote physical activity should consider differences in gender and socioeconomic status as well as the preferences for different modalities and the context in which the physical activity is practiced.

9 CFR 381.194 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died otherwise... transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died... commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry or parts of the carcasses of any...

46 CFR 190.02-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

77 FR 15712 - Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; 2012 Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Quota Specifications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-16

... information indicates an underharvest of the 2011 adjusted BFT quota. Final 2011 landings and dead discard... annual meeting, ICCAT recommended a TAC of 1,750 mt annually for 2011 and for 2012, inclusive of dead... column. Accounting for Dead Discards The United States must report BFT landings data and BFT dead discard...

9 CFR 381.194 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died otherwise... transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died... commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry or parts of the carcasses of any...

50 CFR 18.26 - Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts. 18.26 Section 18.26 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... dead marine mammal parts. (a) Any bones, teeth or ivory of any dead marine mammal may be collected from...

46 CFR 72.04-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this arc of... 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at least 22.5 degrees... bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main steering position, the field of...

9 CFR 381.194 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died otherwise... transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died... commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry or parts of the carcasses of any...

9 CFR 309.3 - Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and... AND VOLUNTARY INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION ANTE-MORTEM INSPECTION § 309.3 Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock. (a) Livestock found to be dead or in a dying condition on the premises of...

46 CFR 108.801 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

76 FR 69137 - Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Fisheries

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-08

... 200 mt or more may remain unused). NMFS will need to account for 2011 BFT landings and dead discards... landings and dead discards within the total 2011 U.S. quota once the dead discard information is available, NMFS' best estimates of current dead discards and quota that will remain unused indicate that the risk...

50 CFR 18.26 - Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts. 18.26 Section 18.26 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... dead marine mammal parts. (a) Any bones, teeth or ivory of any dead marine mammal may be collected from...

The Spatial Distribution of Dead Trees across Arkansas Timberlands

Treesearch

Martin A. Spetich; James M. Guldin

1999-01-01

Abstract -- Dead trees are an important part of the forest ecosystem and their attributes have been studied at the stand scale. However, their distribution over a large region has rarely been examined. In this study, the distribution and dynamics of sound wood in dead trees and the ratio of dead to live trees across the Arkansas landscape were...

9 CFR 309.3 - Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and... AND VOLUNTARY INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION ANTE-MORTEM INSPECTION § 309.3 Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock. (a) Livestock found to be dead or in a dying condition on the premises of...

46 CFR 190.02-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

50 CFR 18.26 - Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts. 18.26 Section 18.26 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... dead marine mammal parts. (a) Any bones, teeth or ivory of any dead marine mammal may be collected from...

46 CFR 190.02-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

46 CFR 72.04-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this arc of... 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at least 22.5 degrees... bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main steering position, the field of...

9 CFR 309.3 - Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and... AND VOLUNTARY INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION ANTE-MORTEM INSPECTION § 309.3 Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock. (a) Livestock found to be dead or in a dying condition on the premises of...

46 CFR 190.02-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

9 CFR 381.194 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died otherwise... transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died... commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry or parts of the carcasses of any...

9 CFR 309.3 - Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and... AND VOLUNTARY INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION ANTE-MORTEM INSPECTION § 309.3 Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock. (a) Livestock found to be dead or in a dying condition on the premises of...

46 CFR 72.04-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this arc of... 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at least 22.5 degrees... bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main steering position, the field of...

9 CFR 381.194 - Transportation and other transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died otherwise... transactions concerning dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry, and parts of carcasses of poultry that died... commerce, or importing any dead, dying, disabled, or diseased poultry or parts of the carcasses of any...

78 FR 28758 - Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; North and South Atlantic 2013 Commercial Swordfish Quotas

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-16

... February 28, 2013, and does not include an estimate of dead discards. The dead discard estimate is... until the summer of each year. However, we do not expect the final dead discard estimate to be large enough to change the total underharvest carryover. For the dead discard estimate to change the...

46 CFR 108.801 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

46 CFR 108.801 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

50 CFR 18.26 - Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts. 18.26 Section 18.26 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... dead marine mammal parts. (a) Any bones, teeth or ivory of any dead marine mammal may be collected from...

9 CFR 309.3 - Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and... AND VOLUNTARY INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION ANTE-MORTEM INSPECTION § 309.3 Dead, dying, disabled, or diseased and similar livestock. (a) Livestock found to be dead or in a dying condition on the premises of...

50 CFR 18.26 - Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts. 18.26 Section 18.26 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... dead marine mammal parts. (a) Any bones, teeth or ivory of any dead marine mammal may be collected from...

46 CFR 108.801 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

Standing dead tree resources in forests of the United States

Treesearch

Christopher W. Woodall; Karen L. Waddell; Christopher M. Oswalt; James E. Smith

2013-01-01

Given the importance of standing dead trees to numerous forest ecosystem attributes/ processes such as fuel loadings and wildlife habitat, the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program of the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, initiated a consistent nationwide inventory of standing dead trees in 1999. As the first cycle of annual standing dead tree...

Microclimate and habitat heterogeneity as the major drivers of beetle diversity in dead wood

Treesearch

Sebastian Seibold; Claus Bassler; Roland Brandl; Boris Buche; Alexander Szallies; Simon Thorn; Michael D. Ulyshen; Jorg Muller; Christopher Baraloto

2016-01-01

1. Resource availability and habitat heterogeneity are principle drivers of biodiversity, but their individual roles often remain unclear since both factors are usually correlated. The biodiversity of species dependent on dead wood could be driven by either resource availability represented by dead-wood amount or habitat heterogeneity characterized by dead-wood...

8 CFR 287.8 - Standards for enforcement activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... or such other entity as may be provided for in 8 CFR 287.10. (a) Use of force—(1) Non-deadly force. (i) Non-deadly force is any use of force other than that which is considered deadly force as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. (ii) Non-deadly force may be used only when a designated...

8 CFR 287.8 - Standards for enforcement activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... or such other entity as may be provided for in 8 CFR 287.10. (a) Use of force—(1) Non-deadly force. (i) Non-deadly force is any use of force other than that which is considered deadly force as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. (ii) Non-deadly force may be used only when a designated...

8 CFR 287.8 - Standards for enforcement activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... or such other entity as may be provided for in 8 CFR 287.10. (a) Use of force—(1) Non-deadly force. (i) Non-deadly force is any use of force other than that which is considered deadly force as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. (ii) Non-deadly force may be used only when a designated...

8 CFR 287.8 - Standards for enforcement activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... or such other entity as may be provided for in 8 CFR 287.10. (a) Use of force—(1) Non-deadly force. (i) Non-deadly force is any use of force other than that which is considered deadly force as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. (ii) Non-deadly force may be used only when a designated...

Dead-time compensation for a logarithmic display rate meter

DOEpatents

Larson, John A.; Krueger, Frederick P.

1988-09-20

An improved circuit is provided for application to a radiation survey meter that uses a detector that is subject to dead time. The circuit compensates for dead time over a wide range of count rates by producing a dead-time pulse for each detected event, a live-time pulse that spans the interval between dead-time pulses, and circuits that average the value of these pulses over time. The logarithm of each of these values is obtained and the logarithms are subtracted to provide a signal that is proportional to a count rate that is corrected for the effects of dead time. The circuit produces a meter indication and is also capable of producing an audible indication of detected events.

Dead-time compensation for a logarithmic display rate meter

DOEpatents

Larson, J.A.; Krueger, F.P.

1987-10-05

An improved circuit is provided for application to a radiation survey meter that uses a detector that is subject to dead time. The circuit compensates for dead time over a wide range of count rates by producing a dead-time pulse for each detected event, a live-time pulse that spans the interval between dead-time pulses, and circuits that average the value of these pulses over time. The logarithm of each of these values is obtained and the logarithms are subtracted to provide a signal that is proportional to a count rate that is corrected for the effects of dead time. The circuit produces a meter indication and is also capable of producing an audible indication of detected events. 5 figs.

Comparative phosphoproteomics reveals components of host cell invasion and post-transcriptional regulation during Francisella infection

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nakayasu, Ernesto S.; Tempel, Rebecca; Cambronne, Xiaolu A.

2013-09-22

Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes the deadly disease tularemia. Most evidence suggests that Francisella is not well recognized by the innate immune system that normally leads to cytokine expression and cell death. In previous work, we identified new bacterial factors that were hyper-cytotoxic to macrophages. Four of the identified hyper-cytotoxic strains (lpcC, manB, manC and kdtA) had an impaired lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis and produced an exposed lipid A lacking the O-antigen. These mutants were not only hyper-cytotoxic but also were phagocytosed at much higher rates compared to the wild type parent strain. To elucidate the cellularmore » signaling underlying this enhanced phagocytosis and cell death, we performed a large-scale comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of cells infected with wild-type and delta-lpcC F. novicida. Our data suggest that not only actin but also intermediate filaments and microtubules are important for F. novicida entry into the host cells. In addition, we observed differential phosphorylation of tristetraprolin (TTP), a key component of the mRNA-degrading machinery that controls the expression of a variety of genes including many cytokines. Infection with the delta-lpcC mutant induced the hyper-phosphorylation and inhibition of TTP, leading to the production of cytokines such as IL-1beta and TNF-alpha which may kill the host cells by triggering apoptosis. Together, our data provide new insights for Francisella invasion and a post-transcriptional mechanism that prevents the expression of host immune response factors that controls infection by this pathogen.« less

Pulmonary Dead Space Fraction and Extubation Success in Children After Cardiac Surgery.

PubMed

Devor, Renee L; Kang, Paul; Wellnitz, Chasity; Nigro, John J; Velez, Daniel A; Willis, Brigham C

2018-04-01

1) Determine the correlation between pulmonary dead space fraction and extubation success in postoperative pediatric cardiac patients; and 2) document the natural history of pulmonary dead space fractions, dynamic compliance, and airway resistance during the first 72 hours postoperatively in postoperative pediatric cardiac patients. A retrospective chart review. Cardiac ICU in a quaternary care free-standing children's hospital. Twenty-nine with balanced single ventricle physiology, 61 with two ventricle physiology. None. We collected data for all pediatric patients undergoing congenital cardiac surgery over a 14-month period during the first 72 hours postoperatively as well as prior to extubation. Overall, patients with successful extubations had lower preextubation dead space fractions and shorter lengths of stay. Single ventricle patients had higher initial postoperative and preextubation dead space fractions. Two-ventricle physiology patients had higher extubation failure rates if the preextubation dead space fraction was greater than 0.5, whereas single ventricle patients had similar extubation failure rates whether preextubation dead space fractions were less than or equal to 0.5 or greater than 0.5. Additionally, increasing initial dead space fraction values predicted prolonged mechanical ventilation times. Airway resistance and dynamic compliance were similar between those with successful extubations and those who failed. Initial postoperative dead space fraction correlates with the length of mechanical ventilation in two ventricle patients but not in single ventricle patients. Lower preextubation dead space fractions are a strong predictor of successful extubation in two ventricle patients after cardiac surgery, but may not be as useful in single ventricle patients.

Reductions in dead space ventilation with nasal high flow depend on physiological dead space volume: metabolic hood measurements during sleep in patients with COPD and controls.

PubMed

Biselli, Paolo; Fricke, Kathrin; Grote, Ludger; Braun, Andrew T; Kirkness, Jason; Smith, Philip; Schwartz, Alan; Schneider, Hartmut

2018-05-01

Nasal high flow (NHF) reduces minute ventilation and ventilatory loads during sleep but the mechanisms are not clear. We hypothesised NHF reduces ventilation in proportion to physiological but not anatomical dead space.11 subjects (five controls and six chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients) underwent polysomnography with transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) monitoring under a metabolic hood. During stable non-rapid eye movement stage 2 sleep, subjects received NHF (20 L·min -1 ) intermittently for periods of 5-10 min. We measured CO 2 production and calculated dead space ventilation.Controls and COPD patients responded similarly to NHF. NHF reduced minute ventilation (from 5.6±0.4 to 4.8±0.4 L·min -1 ; p<0.05) and tidal volume (from 0.34±0.03 to 0.3±0.03 L; p<0.05) without a change in energy expenditure, transcutaneous CO 2 or alveolar ventilation. There was a significant decrease in dead space ventilation (from 2.5±0.4 to 1.6±0.4 L·min -1 ; p<0.05), but not in respiratory rate. The reduction in dead space ventilation correlated with baseline physiological dead space fraction (r 2 =0.36; p<0.05), but not with respiratory rate or anatomical dead space volume.During sleep, NHF decreases minute ventilation due to an overall reduction in dead space ventilation in proportion to the extent of baseline physiological dead space fraction. Copyright ©ERS 2018.

Are major reductions in new HIV infections possible with people who inject drugs? The case for low dead-space syringes in highly affected countries.

PubMed

Zule, William A; Cross, Harry E; Stover, John; Pretorius, Carel

2013-01-01

Circumstantial evidence from laboratory studies, mathematical models, ecological studies and bio behavioural surveys, suggests that injection-related HIV epidemics may be averted or reversed if people who inject drugs (PWID) switch from using high dead-space to using low dead-space syringes. In laboratory experiments that simulated the injection process and rinsing with water, low dead space syringes retained 1000 times less blood than high dead space syringes. In mathematical models, switching PWID from high dead space to low dead space syringes prevents or reverses injection-related HIV epidemics. No one knows if such an intervention is feasible or what effect it would have on HIV transmission among PWID. Feasibility studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) will be needed to answer these questions definitively, but these studies will be very expensive and take years to complete. Rather than waiting for them to be completed, we argue for an approach similar to that used with needle and syringe programs (NSP), which were promoted and implemented before being tested more rigorously. Before implementation, rapid assessments that involve PWID will need to be conducted to ensure buy-in from PWID and other local stakeholders. This commentary summarizes the existing evidence regarding the protective effects of low dead space syringes and estimates potential impacts on HIV transmission; it describes potential barriers to transitioning PWID from high dead space to low dead space needles and syringes; and it presents strategies for overcoming these barriers. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Brainstem Encoding of Aided Speech in Hearing Aid Users with Cochlear Dead Region(s).

PubMed

Hassaan, Mohammad Ramadan; Ibraheem, Ola Abdallah; Galhom, Dalia Helal

2016-07-01

Neural encoding of speech begins with the analysis of the signal as a whole broken down into its sinusoidal components in the cochlea, which has to be conserved up to the higher auditory centers. Some of these components target the dead regions of the cochlea causing little or no excitation. Measuring aided speech-evoked auditory brainstem response elicited by speech stimuli with different spectral maxima can give insight into the brainstem encoding of aided speech with spectral maxima at these dead regions. This research aims to study the impact of dead regions of the cochlea on speech processing at the brainstem level after a long period of hearing aid use. This study comprised 30 ears without dead regions and 46 ears with dead regions at low, mid, or high frequencies. For all ears, we measured the aided speech-evoked auditory brainstem response using speech stimuli of low, mid, and high spectral maxima. Aided speech-evoked auditory brainstem response was producible in all subjects. Responses evoked by stimuli with spectral maxima at dead regions had longer latencies and smaller amplitudes when compared with the control group or the responses of other stimuli. The presence of cochlear dead regions affects brainstem encoding of speech with spectral maxima perpendicular to these regions. Brainstem neuroplasticity and the extrinsic redundancy of speech can minimize the impact of dead regions in chronic hearing aid users.

THE QUANTITY AND TURNOVER OF DEAD WOOD IN PERMANENT FOREST PLOTS IN SIX LIFE ZONES OF VENEZUELA

EPA Science Inventory

Dead wood can be an important component of the carbon pool in many forests, but few measurements have been made of this pool in tropical forests. To fill this gap, we determined the quantity of dead wood (downed and standing dead) in 25 long-term (up to 30 yr) permanent forest pl...

19 CFR 12.27 - Importation or exportation of wild animals or birds, or the dead bodies thereof illegally...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... birds, or the dead bodies thereof illegally captured or killed, etc. 12.27 Section 12.27 Customs Duties... animals or birds, or the dead bodies thereof illegally captured or killed, etc. Customs officers shall... or exportation of wild animals or birds, or the dead bodies thereof, or the eggs of such birds...

78 FR 12705 - Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; North and South Atlantic 2013 Commercial Swordfish Quotas

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-25

... dead discards. We will adjust the quotas in the final rule based on updated data, including dead... quota, the sum of updated landings data (from late reports) and dead discard estimates would need to reach or exceed 475 mt dw. In 2011, dead discards were estimated to equal 101.5 mt dw and late reports...

78 FR 36685 - Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; 2013 Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Quota Specifications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-19

... forward to 2011, and to account for a portion of the estimated 2011 dead discards up front; and (3... from the previous fishing year and any accounting for dead discards. For the proposed rule, NMFS used the 2011 estimate of 145.2 mt as a proxy for potential 2013 dead discards, because the BFT dead...

46 CFR 92.03-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... of two ship lengths or 500 meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the... over an arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to... least 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

Attributes of standing dead trees in forests of the United States

Treesearch

Christopher W. Woodall; James E. Smith; Patrick D. Miles

2009-01-01

Standing dead trees in forests of the United States serve as wildlife habitat, a fuel loading component, and carbon stocks. Although standing dead trees are a vital component of forest ecosystems, information regarding this resource across the Nation is lacking. The first annual inventory of standing dead trees across the United States was initiated in 1999, resulting...

19 CFR 12.27 - Importation or exportation of wild animals or birds, or the dead bodies thereof illegally...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... birds, or the dead bodies thereof illegally captured or killed, etc. 12.27 Section 12.27 Customs Duties... animals or birds, or the dead bodies thereof illegally captured or killed, etc. Customs officers shall... or exportation of wild animals or birds, or the dead bodies thereof, or the eggs of such birds...