Sample records for decay scheme studies

  1. Decay studies of neutron deficient nuclei near the Z=64 subshell: 142Dy, 140,142Tb, 140,142Gd, 140,142Eu, 142Sm, and 142Pm

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Firestone, R. B.; Gilat, J.; Nitschke, J. M.; Wilmarth, P. A.; Vierinen, K. S.

    1991-03-01

    The electron-capture and β+-decay branchings (EC/β+) and delayed proton decays of A=142 isotopes with 61<=Z<=66 and A=140 isotopes with 63<=Z<=65 were investigated with the OASIS facility on-line at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory SuperHILAC. Electron capture and positron-decay emission probabilities have been determined for 142Pm and 142Sm decays, and extensive decay schemes have been constructed for 142Eug(2.34+/-0.12 s), 142Gd(70.2+/-0.6 s), 140Eu(1.51+/-0.02 s), and 140Gd(15.8+/-0.4 s). Decay schemes for the new isotopes 142Tbg(597+/-17 ms), 142Tbm(303+/-17 ms), 142Dy(2.3+/-0.3 s), 140Eum(125+/-2 ms), and 140Tb(2.4+/-0.2 s) are also presented. We have assigned γ rays to these isotopes on the basis of γγ and xγ coincidences, and from half-life determinations. Electron-capture and β+-decay branchings were measured for each decay, and β-delayed proton branchings were determined for 142Dy, 142Tb, and 140Tb decays. QEC values, derived from the measured EC/β+ branchings and the level schemes are compared with those from the Wapstra and Audi mass evaluation and the Liran and Zeldes mass calculation. The systematics of the N=77 isomer decays are discussed, and the intense 0+-->1+ and 1+-->0+ ground-state beta decays are compared with shell-model predictions for simple spin-flip transitions.

  2. β decay of Na32

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mattoon, C. M.; Sarazin, F.; Hackman, G.; Cunningham, E. S.; Austin, R. A. E.; Ball, G. C.; Chakrawarthy, R. S.; Finlay, P.; Garrett, P. E.; Grinyer, G. F.; Hyland, B.; Koopmans, K. A.; Leslie, J. R.; Phillips, A. A.; Schumaker, M. A.; Scraggs, H. C.; Schwarzenberg, J.; Smith, M. B.; Svensson, C. E.; Waddington, J. C.; Walker, P. M.; Washbrook, B.; Zganjar, E.

    2007-01-01

    The β-decay of Na32 has been studied using β-γ coincidences. New transitions and levels are tentatively placed in the level scheme of Mg32 from an analysis of γ-γ and β-γ-γ coincidences. The observation of the indirect feeding of the 2321 keV state in Mg32 removes some restrictions previously placed on the spin assignment for this state. No evidence of a state at 2117 keV in Mg32 is found. Previously unobserved weak transitions up to 5.4 MeV were recorded but could not be placed in the decay scheme of Na32.

  3. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=189

    DOE PAGES

    Johnson, T. D.; Singh, Balraj

    2017-04-26

    Evaluated experimental data are presented for 13 known mass 189 nuclides (Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Po). Since the 2003Wu02 publication, structure and decay data from 25 new and primary publications have been incorporated in the current work, while adding a new 189Hf nuclide. New data have been added for all nuclides except 189Au and 189Hg. Moreover, several previous datasets were modified for β-decay Q values and conversion coefficients even when no new publications appeared since 2003Wu02. In spite of large amounts of data available for A=189 nuclides, several deficiencies remain, which aremore » pointed out below in the hope that further experimental work may improve our knowledge of structure of these nuclides. For 189Hf and 189Ta, ground-state half-lives, and their decay schemes are unknown. An isomer in 189Ta has recently been established but its decay characteristics are unknown, even though several gamma rays were connected with its decay. No excited states are known in 189W and only one in 189Po. The decay scheme of 189W is known poorly with most gamma rays left as unassigned. The decay schemes of 189Au and 189Pb g.s. suffer from incompleteness, while those for the g.s. and isomer of 189Tl are almost absent. The decay schemes of g.s. and isomer of 189Hg are very complex as apparent from the study by 1996Wo04. Evaluators feel that these two decay schemes could be improved with modern gamma-ray detector arrays. While several isomers are known in many of the A=189 nuclides, there is in general lack of information of level half-lives, thus limiting the knowledge of transition probabilities. High-spin structures, including SD bands in 189Hg and 189Tl, are known in 189Re, 189Ir, 189Pt, 189Au, 189Hg, 189Tl, 189Pb and 189Bi. Single-particle transfer data are available for 189Re, 189Os, and 189Pt; and two-neutron transfer data for 189Ir.« less

  4. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=189

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Johnson, T. D.; Singh, Balraj

    2017-05-01

    Evaluated experimental data are presented for 13 known mass 189 nuclides (Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Po). Since the 2003Wu02 publication, structure and decay data from 25 new and primary publications have been incorporated in the current work, while adding a new 189Hf nuclide. New data have been added for all nuclides except 189Au and 189Hg. Moreover, several previous datasets were modified for β-decay Q values and conversion coefficients even when no new publications appeared since 2003Wu02. In spite of large amounts of data available for A=189 nuclides, several deficiencies remain, which are pointed out below in the hope that further experimental work may improve our knowledge of structure of these nuclides. For 189Hf and 189Ta, ground-state half-lives, and their decay schemes are unknown. An isomer in 189Ta has recently been established but its decay characteristics are unknown, even though several gamma rays were connected with its decay. No excited states are known in 189W and only one in 189Po. The decay scheme of 189W is known poorly with most gamma rays left as unassigned. The decay schemes of 189Au and 189Pb g.s. suffer from incompleteness, while those for the g.s. and isomer of 189Tl are almost absent. The decay schemes of g.s. and isomer of 189Hg are very complex as apparent from the study by 1996Wo04. Evaluators feel that these two decay schemes could be improved with modern gamma-ray detector arrays. While several isomers are known in many of the A=189 nuclides, there is in general lack of information of level half-lives, thus limiting the knowledge of transition probabilities. High-spin structures, including SD bands in 189Hg and 189Tl, are known in 189Re, 189Ir, 189Pt, 189Au, 189Hg, 189Tl, 189Pb and 189Bi. Single-particle transfer data are available for 189Re, 189Os, and 189Pt; and two-neutron transfer data for 189Ir.

  5. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=189

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Johnson, T. D.; Singh, Balraj

    Evaluated experimental data are presented for 13 known mass 189 nuclides (Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Po). Since the 2003Wu02 publication, structure and decay data from 25 new and primary publications have been incorporated in the current work, while adding a new 189Hf nuclide. New data have been added for all nuclides except 189Au and 189Hg. Moreover, several previous datasets were modified for β-decay Q values and conversion coefficients even when no new publications appeared since 2003Wu02. In spite of large amounts of data available for A=189 nuclides, several deficiencies remain, which aremore » pointed out below in the hope that further experimental work may improve our knowledge of structure of these nuclides. For 189Hf and 189Ta, ground-state half-lives, and their decay schemes are unknown. An isomer in 189Ta has recently been established but its decay characteristics are unknown, even though several gamma rays were connected with its decay. No excited states are known in 189W and only one in 189Po. The decay scheme of 189W is known poorly with most gamma rays left as unassigned. The decay schemes of 189Au and 189Pb g.s. suffer from incompleteness, while those for the g.s. and isomer of 189Tl are almost absent. The decay schemes of g.s. and isomer of 189Hg are very complex as apparent from the study by 1996Wo04. Evaluators feel that these two decay schemes could be improved with modern gamma-ray detector arrays. While several isomers are known in many of the A=189 nuclides, there is in general lack of information of level half-lives, thus limiting the knowledge of transition probabilities. High-spin structures, including SD bands in 189Hg and 189Tl, are known in 189Re, 189Ir, 189Pt, 189Au, 189Hg, 189Tl, 189Pb and 189Bi. Single-particle transfer data are available for 189Re, 189Os, and 189Pt; and two-neutron transfer data for 189Ir.« less

  6. Parametric Study of Decay of Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence Using Large Eddy Simulation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Swanson, R. C.; Rumsey, Christopher L.; Rubinstein, Robert; Balakumar, Ponnampalam; Zang, Thomas A.

    2012-01-01

    Numerical simulations of decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence are performed with both low-order and high-order spatial discretization schemes. The turbulent Mach and Reynolds numbers for the simulations are 0.2 and 250, respectively. For the low-order schemes we use either second-order central or third-order upwind biased differencing. For higher order approximations we apply weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) schemes, both with linear and nonlinear weights. There are two objectives in this preliminary effort to investigate possible schemes for large eddy simulation (LES). One is to explore the capability of a widely used low-order computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code to perform LES computations. The other is to determine the effect of higher order accuracy (fifth, seventh, and ninth order) achieved with high-order upwind biased WENO-based schemes. Turbulence statistics, such as kinetic energy, dissipation, and skewness, along with the energy spectra from simulations of the decaying turbulence problem are used to assess and compare the various numerical schemes. In addition, results from the best performing schemes are compared with those from a spectral scheme. The effects of grid density, ranging from 32 cubed to 192 cubed, on the computations are also examined. The fifth-order WENO-based scheme is found to be too dissipative, especially on the coarser grids. However, with the seventh-order and ninth-order WENO-based schemes we observe a significant improvement in accuracy relative to the lower order LES schemes, as revealed by the computed peak in the energy dissipation and by the energy spectrum.

  7. Evaluation of pile repair splice design.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2015-12-01

    The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) Major Bridge Maintenance Engineer has proposed an in-house pile repair scheme for decayed piles. This repair scheme involves removing decayed area within the pile leaving a 2 outer shell, filling it u...

  8. Scheme Variations of the QCD Coupling and Hadronic τ Decays

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Boito, Diogo; Jamin, Matthias; Miravitllas, Ramon

    2016-10-01

    The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) coupling αs is not a physical observable of the theory, since it depends on conventions related to the renormalization procedure. We introduce a definition of the QCD coupling, denoted by α^s, whose running is explicitly renormalization scheme invariant. The scheme dependence of the new coupling α^s is parametrized by a single parameter C , related to transformations of the QCD scale Λ . It is demonstrated that appropriate choices of C can lead to substantial improvements in the perturbative prediction of physical observables. As phenomenological applications, we study e+e- scattering and decays of the τ lepton into hadrons, both being governed by the QCD Adler function.

  9. β decay studies of n-rich Cs isotopes with the ISOLDE Decay Station

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lică, R.; Benzoni, G.; Morales, A. I.; Borge, M. J. G.; Fraile, L. M.; Mach, H.; Madurga, M.; Sotty, C.; Vedia, V.; De Witte, H.; Benito, J.; Berry, T.; Blasi, N.; Bracco, A.; Camera, F.; Ceruti, S.; Charviakova, V.; Cieplicka-Oryńczak, N.; Costache, C.; Crespi, F. C. L.; Creswell, J.; Fernández-Martínez, G.; Fynbo, H.; Greenlees, P.; Homm, I.; Huyse, M.; Jolie, J.; Karayonchev, V.; Köster, U.; Konki, J.; Kröll, T.; Kurcewicz, J.; Kurtukian-Nieto, T.; Lazarus, I.; Leoni, S.; Lund, M.; Marginean, N.; Marginean, R.; Mihai, C.; Mihai, R.; Negret, A.; Orduz, A.; Patyk, Z.; Pascu, S.; Pucknell, V.; Rahkila, P.; Regis, J. M.; Rotaru, F.; Saed-Sami, N.; Sánchez-Tembleque, V.; Stanoiu, M.; Tengblad, O.; Thuerauf, M.; Turturica, A.; Van Duppen, P.; Warr, N.

    2017-05-01

    Neutron-rich Ba isotopes are expected to exhibit octupolar correlations, reaching their maximum in isotopes around mass A = 146. The odd-A neutron-rich members of this isotopic chain show typical patterns related to non-axially symmetric shapes, which are however less marked compared to even-A ones, pointing to a major contribution from vibrations. In the present paper we present results from a recent study focused on 148-150Cs β-decay performed at the ISOLDE Decay Station equipped with fast-timing detectors. A detailed analysis of the measured decay half-lives and decay scheme of 149Ba is presented, giving a first insight in the structure of this neutron-rich nucleus.

  10. Detailed α -decay study of 180Tl

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Andel, B.; Andreyev, A. N.; Antalic, S.; Barzakh, A.; Bree, N.; Cocolios, T. E.; Comas, V. F.; Diriken, J.; Elseviers, J.; Fedorov, D. V.; Fedosseev, V. N.; Franchoo, S.; Ghys, L.; Heredia, J. A.; Huyse, M.; Ivanov, O.; Köster, U.; Liberati, V.; Marsh, B. A.; Nishio, K.; Page, R. D.; Patronis, N.; Seliverstov, M. D.; Tsekhanovich, I.; Van den Bergh, P.; Van De Walle, J.; Van Duppen, P.; Venhart, M.; Vermote, S.; Veselský, M.; Wagemans, C.

    2017-11-01

    A detailed α -decay spectroscopy study of 180Tl has been performed at ISOLDE (CERN). Z -selective ionization by the Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS) coupled to mass separation provided a high-purity beam of 180Tl. Fine-structure α decays to excited levels in the daughter 176Au were identified and an α -decay scheme of 180Tl was constructed based on an analysis of α -γ and α -γ -γ coincidences. Multipolarities of several γ -ray transitions deexciting levels in 176Au were determined. Based on the analysis of reduced α -decay widths, it was found that all α decays are hindered, which signifies a change of configuration between the parent and all daughter states.

  11. Low-lying isomeric states in Ga80 from the β- decay of Zn80

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Licǎ, R.; Mǎrginean, N.; GhiÅ£ǎ, D. G.; Mach, H.; Fraile, L. M.; Simpson, G. S.; Aprahamian, A.; Bernards, C.; Briz, J. A.; Bucher, B.; Chiara, C. J.; Dlouhý, Z.; Gheorghe, I.; Hoff, P.; Jolie, J.; Köster, U.; Kurcewicz, W.; Mǎrginean, R.; Olaizola, B.; Paziy, V.; Régis, J. M.; Rudigier, M.; Sava, T.; Stǎnoiu, M.; Stroe, L.; Walters, W. B.

    2014-07-01

    A new level scheme of Ga80 has been determined. This nucleus was populated following the β- decay of Zn80 at ISOLDE, CERN. The proposed level scheme is significantly different compared to the previously reported one and contains 26 levels up to 3.4 MeV in excitation energy. The present study establishes that the previously identified 1.9-s β--decaying 6- isomer is the ground state of Ga80 and the 1.3-s β--decaying 3- isomer lies at an excitation energy of 22.4 keV. A new isomeric level was identified at 707.8 keV and its half-life was measured to be 18.3(5) ns, allowing the 685.4-keV transition de-exciting this state to be assigned an M2 multipolarity. The newly measured spectroscopic observables are compared with shell-model calculations using the jj44bpn and JUN45 interactions.

  12. DECAY OF Ba$sup 13$$sup 3$

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ramaswamy, M.K.; Skeel, W.L.; Jastram, P.S.

    1960-06-01

    The gamma rays following the electron-capture decay of 7.5 year Ba/sup 133/ were studied by means of a coincidence scintillation spectrometer. Gamma rays at 79, 79, 274, presence of a 56 kev gamma ray was confirmed. The resulting decay scheme with levels at 79, 158, 381, and 437 kev is in excellent agreement with previous work. Spin and parity assignments are made for these levels. (auth)

  13. Decay studies of neutron deficient nuclei near the Z =64 subshell: sup 142 Dy, sup 140,142 Tb, sup 140,142 Gd, sup 140,142 Eu, sup 142 Sm, and

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Firestone, R.B.; Gilat, J.; Nitschke, J.M.

    The electron-capture and {beta}{sup +}-decay branchings (EC/{beta}{sup +}) and delayed proton decays of {ital A}=142 isotopes with 61{le}{ital Z}{le}66 and {ital A}=140 isotopes with 63{le}{ital Z}{le}65 were investigated with the OASIS facility on-line at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory SuperHILAC. Electron capture and positron-decay emission probabilities have been determined for {sup 142}Pm and {sup 142}Sm decays, and extensive decay schemes have been constructed for {sup 142}Eu{sup {ital g}}(2.34{plus minus}0.12 s), {sup 142}Gd(70.2{plus minus}0.6 s), {sup 140}Eu(1.51{plus minus}0.02 s), and {sup 140}Gd(15.8{plus minus}0.4 s). Decay schemes for the new isotopes {sup 142}Tb{sup {ital g}}(597{plus minus}17 ms), {sup 142}Tb{sup {ital m}}(303{plus minus}17 ms),more » {sup 142}Dy(2.3{plus minus}0.3 s), {sup 140}Eu{sup {ital m}}(125{plus minus}2 ms), and {sup 140}Tb(2.4{plus minus}0.2 s) are also presented. We have assigned {gamma} rays to these isotopes on the basis of {gamma}{gamma} and {ital x}{gamma} coincidences, and from half-life determinations. Electron-capture and {beta}{sup +}-decay branchings were measured for each decay, and {beta}-delayed proton branchings were determined for {sup 142}Dy, {sup 142}Tb, and {sup 140}Tb decays. {ital Q}{sub EC} values, derived from the measured EC/{beta}{sup +} branchings and the level schemes are compared with those from the Wapstra and Audi mass evaluation and the Liran and Zeldes mass calculation. The systematics of the {ital N}=77 isomer decays are discussed, and the intense 0{sup +}{r arrow}1{sup +} and 1{sup +}{r arrow}0{sup +} ground-state beta decays are compared with shell-model predictions for simple spin-flip transitions.« less

  14. Extension of the TDCR model to compute counting efficiencies for radionuclides with complex decay schemes.

    PubMed

    Kossert, K; Cassette, Ph; Carles, A Grau; Jörg, G; Gostomski, Christroph Lierse V; Nähle, O; Wolf, Ch

    2014-05-01

    The triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method is frequently used to measure the activity of radionuclides decaying by pure β emission or electron capture (EC). Some radionuclides with more complex decays have also been studied, but accurate calculations of decay branches which are accompanied by many coincident γ transitions have not yet been investigated. This paper describes recent extensions of the model to make efficiency computations for more complex decay schemes possible. In particular, the MICELLE2 program that applies a stochastic approach of the free parameter model was extended. With an improved code, efficiencies for β(-), β(+) and EC branches with up to seven coincident γ transitions can be calculated. Moreover, a new parametrization for the computation of electron stopping powers has been implemented to compute the ionization quenching function of 10 commercial scintillation cocktails. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the TDCR method, the following radionuclides are discussed: (166m)Ho (complex β(-)/γ), (59)Fe (complex β(-)/γ), (64)Cu (β(-), β(+), EC and EC/γ) and (229)Th in equilibrium with its progenies (decay chain with many α, β and complex β(-)/γ transitions). © 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  15. Nuclear Decay Data in the MIRD Format

    Science.gov Websites

    nuclear decay and decay scheme drawings will be produced in the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD National Laboratory Report BNL-NCS-52142, February 29, 1988) More information concerning medical

  16. Triangle mechanisms in the build up and decay of the N*(1875 )

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Samart, Daris; Liang, Wei-Hong; Oset, Eulogio

    2017-09-01

    We studied the N*(1875 ) (3 /2-) resonance with a multichannel unitary scheme, considering the Δ π and Σ*K , with their interaction extracted from chiral Lagrangians, and then added two more channels, the N*(1535 ) π and N σ , which proceed via triangle diagrams involving the Σ*K and Δ π respectively in the intermediate states. The triangle diagram in the N*(1535 ) π case develops a singularity at the same energy as the resonance mass. We determined the couplings of the resonance to the different channels and the partial decay widths. We found a very large decay width to Σ*K , and also observed that, due to interference with other terms, the N σ channel has an important role in the π π mass distributions at low invariant masses, leading to an apparently large N σ decay width. We discuss justifying the convenience of an experimental reanalysis of this resonance, in light of the findings of the paper, using multichannel unitary schemes.

  17. Flavor-changing Z decays: A window to ultraheavy quarks?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ganapathi, V.; Weiler, T.; Laermann, E.; Schmitt, I.; Zerwas, P. M.

    1983-02-01

    We study flavor-changing Z decays into quarks, Z-->Q+q¯, in the standard SU(2)×U(1) theory with sequential generations. Such decays occur in higher-order electroweak interactions, with a probability growing as the fourth power of the mass of the heaviest (virtual) quark mediating the transition. With the possible exception of Z-->bs¯, these decay modes are generally very rare in the three-generation scheme. However, with four generations Z-->b'b¯ is observable if the t' mass is a few hundred GeV. Such decay modes could thus provide a glimpse of the ultraheavy-quark spectrum.

  18. An Energy Decaying Scheme for Nonlinear Dynamics of Shells

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bottasso, Carlo L.; Bauchau, Olivier A.; Choi, Jou-Young; Bushnell, Dennis M. (Technical Monitor)

    2000-01-01

    A novel integration scheme for nonlinear dynamics of geometrically exact shells is developed based on the inextensible director assumption. The new algorithm is designed so as to imply the strict decay of the system total mechanical energy at each time step, and consequently unconditional stability is achieved in the nonlinear regime. Furthermore, the scheme features tunable high frequency numerical damping and it is therefore stiffly accurate. The method is tested for a finite element spatial formulation of shells based on mixed interpolations of strain tensorial components and on a two-parameter representation of director rotations. The robustness of the, scheme is illustrated with the help of numerical examples.

  19. Vector-like quarks and leptons, SU(5) ⊗ SU(5) grand unification, and proton decay

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Chang-Hun; Mohapatra, Rabindra N.

    2017-02-01

    SU(5) ⊗ SU(5) provides a minimal grand unification scheme for fermions and gauge forces if there are vector-like quarks and leptons in nature. We explore the gauge coupling unification in a non-supersymmetric model of this type, and study its implications for proton decay. The properties of vector-like quarks and intermediate scales that emerge from coupling unification play a central role in suppressing proton decay. We find that in this model, the familiar decay mode p → e +π0 may have a partial lifetime within the reach of currently planned experiments.

  20. High-precision gamma-ray spectroscopy of 82Rb and 72As, two important medical isotopes used in positron emission tomography

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nino, Michael; McCutchan, E.; Smith, S.; Sonzogni, A.; Muench, L.; Greene, J.; Carpenter, M.; Zhu, S.; Lister, C.

    2015-10-01

    Both 82Rb and 72As are very important medical isotopes used in imaging procedures, yet their full decay schemes were last studied decades ago using low-sensitivity detection systems; high quality decay data is necessary to determine the total dose received by the patient, the background in imaging technologies, and shielding requirements in production facilities. To improve the decay data of these two isotopes, sources were produced at the Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer (BLIP) and then the Gammasphere array, consisting of 89 Compton-suppressed HPGe detectors, at Argonne National Laboratory was used to analyze the gamma-ray emissions from the daughter nuclei 82 Kr and 72 Ge. Gamma-ray singles and coincidence information were recorded and analyzed using Radware Gf3m software. Significant revisions were made to the level schemes including the observation of many new transitions and levels as well as a reduction in uncertainty on measured γ-ray intensities and deduced β-feedings. The new decay schemes as well as their impact on dose calculations will be presented. DOE Isotope Program is acknowledged for funding ST5001030. Work supported by the U.S. DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-94ER40848 and Contract Nos. DE-AC02-98CH10946 and DE-AC02-06CH11357 and by the Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internships Program (SULI).

  1. Generation of three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states of superconducting qubits by using dressed states

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Xu; Chen, Ye-Hong; Shi, Zhi-Cheng; Shan, Wu-Jiang; Song, Jie; Xia, Yan

    2017-12-01

    Combining the advantages of the dressed states and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) qubits, we propose an efficient scheme to generate Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states for three SQUID qubits. Firstly, we elaborate how to generate GHZ states of three SQUID qubits by choosing a set of dressed states suitably. Then, we compare the scheme by using dressed states with that via the adiabatic passage. Lastly, the influence of various decoherence factors, such as cavity decay, spontaneous emission and dephasing, is analyzed numerically. All of the results show that the GHZ state can be obtained fast and with high fidelity and that the present scheme is robust against the cavity decay and spontaneous emission. In addition, our scheme is more stable against the dephasing than the adiabatic scheme.

  2. Experimental study of the β decay of the very neutron-rich nucleus Ge 85

    DOE PAGES

    Korgul, A.; Rykaczewski, Krzysztof Piotr; Grzywacz, Robert Kazimierz; ...

    2017-04-04

    The β -decay properties of the very neutron-rich nucleus 85Ge, produced in the proton-induced fission of 238U, were studied at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The level scheme of 33 85As 52 populated in 85Geβ γ decay was reconstructed and compared to shell-model calculations. The investigation of the systematics of low-energy levels in N =52 isotones together with shell-model analysis allowed us to provide an estimate of the low-energy structure of the more exotic N =52 isotone 81Cu.

  3. Production and sequential decay of charmed hyperons

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fäldt, Göran

    2018-03-01

    We investigate production and decay of the Λc+ hyperon. The production considered is through the e+e- annihilation channel, e+e-→Λc+Λ¯c - , with summation over the Λ¯c- antihyperon spin directions. It is in this situation that the Λc+ decay chain is identified. Two kinds of sequential decays are studied. The first one is the doubly weak decay B1→B2M2 , followed by B2→B3M3. The other one is the mixed weak-electromagnetic decay B1→B2M2, followed by B2→B3γ . In both schemes B denotes baryons and M mesons. We should also mention that the initial state of the Λc+ hyperon is polarized.

  4. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 68

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    McCutchan, E. A.

    2012-07-01

    The experimental results from the various reaction and radioactive decay studies leading to nuclides in the A = 68 mass chain have been reviewed. Nuclides ranging from Cr (Z = 24) to Br (Z = 35) are included. For these nuclei, level and decay schemes, as well as tables of nuclear properties, are given. This work supersedes the previous evaluation of the data on these nuclides (2002Bu29).

  5. Selected spectroscopic results on element 115 decay chains

    DOE PAGES

    Rudolph, D.; Forsberg, U.; Golubev, P.; ...

    2014-08-24

    We observed thirty correlated α-decay chains in an experiment studying the fusion-evaporation reaction 48Ca + 243Am at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung. The decay characteristics of the majority of these 30 chains are consistent with previous observations and interpretations of such chains to originate from isotopes of element Z = 115. High-resolution α-photon coincidence spectroscopy in conjunction with comprehensive Monte-Carlo simulations allow to propose excitation schemes of atomic nuclei of the heaviest elements, thereby probing nuclear structure models near the 'Island of Stability' with unprecedented experimental precision.

  6. Charged Higgs production from polarized top-quark decay in the 2HDM considering the general-mass variable-flavor-number scheme

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Abbaspour, S.; Mohammad Moosavi Nejad, S.

    2018-05-01

    Charged Higgs bosons are predicted by some non-minimal Higgs scenarios, such as models containing Higgs triplets and two-Higgs-doublet models, so that the experimental observation of these bosons would indicate physics beyond the Standard Model. In the present work, we introduce a channel to indirect search for the charged Higgses through the hadronic decay of polarized top quarks where a top quark decays into a charged Higgs H+ and a bottom-flavored meson B via the hadronization process of the produced bottom quark, t (↑) →H+ + b (→ B + jet). To obtain the energy spectrum of produced B-mesons we present, for the first time, an analytical expression for the O (αs) corrections to the differential decay width of the process t →H+ b in presence of a massive b-quark in the General-Mass Variable-Flavor-Number (GM-VFN) scheme. We find that the most reliable predictions for the B-hadron energy spectrum are made in the GM-VFN scheme, specifically, when the Type-II 2HDM scenario is concerned.

  7. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=164

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Singh, Balraj; Chen, Jun

    2018-01-01

    Experimental nuclear structure data for the known A=164 isobaric nuclides (Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir) have been evaluated, and presented together with Adopted properties of level energies, and associated γ rays. The decay data for these nuclides have also been evaluated, providing Adopted values of γ and β radiations, and log ft values. No excited states are known in 164Eu, 164Tb, and 164Ir. Information for 164Gd, 164Re and 164Os is limited due to insufficient experimental data. For radioactive nuclides, decay schemes of 164Sm, 164Gd and 164Re are not known, and those of 164W, 164Tb, 164Lu, 164Hf, 164Ta and 164W are incomplete. The decay schemes of 164Ho and the two activities of 164Tm seem fairly complete. The decay scheme of 164Yb presents a major problem that the Q(ε) value of 887 keV 29 recommended in 2017Wa10 is in disagreement with the population of levels at 928, 952 and 1060 keV in the daughter nucleus. This decay scheme, which so far has been mainly reported in a secondary reference (1982AdZZ) needs further investigation. Also the masses of 164Yb and 164Tm need either new measurements or a re-evaluation to resolve discrepancy of about 220 keV in the Q value of 164Yb decay to 164Tm. The reactions and decays for which no new experimental information has become available since the 2001 update have undergone revisions to incorporate conversion coefficients from BrIcc code, and evaluated Q values from 2017Wa10, but the essential content of such datasets may have remained the same as in previous evaluations. In this respect the present work greatly benefited from all the previous NDS evaluations (2001Si27,1992Sh07, 1986Sh03,1974Bu30), but at the same time data presented herein supersede all the previous published evaluations.

  8. Measurement of the Exclusive and Inclusive Branching Fractions of $$B^{0}_{s} \\to D^{(*)+}_{s}D^{(*)-}_{s}$$ Decays at CDF and its Implications on the Decay Width Difference in the $$B^{0}_{s}-B^{-0}_{s}$$ Meson System

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Horn, Dominik

    2011-01-01

    The purpose of this thesis is threefold: Firstly, new measurements of both the exclusive and semi-inclusive partial decay widths ofmore » $$B^{0}_{s} \\to D^{(*)+}_{s}D^{(*)-}_{s}$$ meson decays are presented. Secondly, the feasibility of extracting the unknown polarization components in $$B^{0}_{s} \\to D^{(*)+}_{s}D^{(*)-}_{s}$$ by partial reconstruction of this pseudo-scalar to vector-vector decay in a Monte Carlo driven analysis scheme is studied. Finally, based on the suggestions contributed by the theory community this study discusses how a measurement of the branching fraction of semi-inclusive decays $$B^{0}_{s} \\to D^{(*)+}_{s}D^{(*)-}_{s}$$ can contribute to gain insight about the relative decay width di erence in the B$$0\\atop{s}$$--B$$0\\atop{s}$$ meson system.« less

  9. (177)Lu: DDEP Evaluation of the decay scheme for an emerging radiopharmaceutical.

    PubMed

    Kellett, M A

    2016-03-01

    A new decay scheme evaluation using the DDEP methodology for (177)Lu is presented. Recently measured half-life measurements have been incorporated, as well as newly available γ-ray emission probabilities. For the first time, a thorough investigation has been made of the γ-ray multipolarities. The complete data tables and detailed evaluator comments are available through the DDEP website. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Optimal variable flip angle schemes for dynamic acquisition of exchanging hyperpolarized substrates

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xing, Yan; Reed, Galen D.; Pauly, John M.; Kerr, Adam B.; Larson, Peder E. Z.

    2013-09-01

    In metabolic MRI with hyperpolarized contrast agents, the signal levels vary over time due to T1 decay, T2 decay following RF excitations, and metabolic conversion. Efficient usage of the nonrenewable hyperpolarized magnetization requires specialized RF pulse schemes. In this work, we introduce two novel variable flip angle schemes for dynamic hyperpolarized MRI in which the flip angle is varied between excitations and between metabolites. These were optimized to distribute the magnetization relatively evenly throughout the acquisition by accounting for T1 decay, prior RF excitations, and metabolic conversion. Simulation results are presented to confirm the flip angle designs and evaluate the variability of signal dynamics across typical ranges of T1 and metabolic conversion. They were implemented using multiband spectral-spatial RF pulses to independently modulate the flip angle at various chemical shift frequencies. With these schemes we observed increased SNR of [1-13C]lactate generated from [1-13C]pyruvate, particularly at later time points. This will allow for improved characterization of tissue perfusion and metabolic profiles in dynamic hyperpolarized MRI.

  11. Teleportation of a two-atom entangled state with a thermal cavity

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jin Lihua; Jin Xingri; Zhang Shou

    2005-08-15

    We present a scheme to teleport an unknown atomic entangled state in driven cavity QED. In our scheme, the success probability can reach 1.0. In addition, the scheme is insensitive to the cavity decay and the thermal field.

  12. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gates, J. M.; Gregorich, K. E.; Gothe, O. R.

    In this study, forty-six decay chains, assigned to the decay of 288115, were produced using the 243Am ( 48Ca, 3n) 288115 reaction at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 88-in. cyclotron. The resulting series of α decays were studied using α-photon and α-x-ray spectroscopies. Multiple α-photon coincidences were observed in the element 115 decay chain members, particularly in the third- and fourth-generation decays (presumed to be 280Rg and 276Mt, respectively). Upon combining these data with those from 22 288115 decay chains observed in a similar experiment, updated level schemes in 276Mt and 272Bh (populated by the α decay of 280Rg andmore » 276Mt, respectively) are proposed. Additionally, photons were observed in the energy range expected for K x rays coincident with the α decay of both 280Rg and 276Mt. However, Compton scattering of higher-energy γ rays and discrete transitions are present in the K x-ray region preventing a definitive Z identification to be made based on observation of characteristic K x-ray energies.« less

  13. Precision calculations for h → WW/ZZ → 4 fermions in the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model with Prophecy4f

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Altenkamp, Lukas; Dittmaier, Stefan; Rzehak, Heidi

    2018-03-01

    We have calculated the next-to-leading-order electroweak and QCD corrections to the decay processes h → WW/ZZ → 4 fermions of the light CP-even Higgs boson h of various types of Two-Higgs-Doublet Models (Types I and II, "lepton-specific" and "flipped" models). The input parameters are defined in four different renormalization schemes, where parameters that are not directly accessible by experiments are defined in the \\overline{MS} scheme. Numerical results are presented for the corrections to partial decay widths for various benchmark scenarios previously motivated in the literature, where we investigate the dependence on the \\overline{MS} renormalization scale and on the choice of the renormalization scheme in detail. We find that it is crucial to be precise with these issues in parameter analyses, since parameter conversions between different schemes can involve sizeable or large corrections, especially in scenarios that are close to experimental exclusion limits or theoretical bounds. It even turns out that some renormalization schemes are not applicable in specific regions of parameter space. Our investigation of differential distributions shows that corrections beyond the Standard Model are mostly constant offsets induced by the mixing between the light and heavy CP-even Higgs bosons, so that differential analyses of h→4 f decay observables do not help to identify Two-Higgs-Doublet Models. Moreover, the decay widths do not significantly depend on the specific type of those models. The calculations are implemented in the public Monte Carlo generator Prophecy4f and ready for application.

  14. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 251–259 (odd)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Browne, E.; Tuli, J.K.

    The evaluators present in this publication spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reaction studies for all known nuclei with mass numbers A = 251, 253, 255, 257, and 259.

  15. A binding energy study of the Atomic Mass Evaluation 2012 and an updated beta-decay study of neutron-rich 74Cu

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tracy, James L., Jr.

    A study of ground state binding energy values listed in the Atomic Mass Evaluation 2012 (AME2012) using an interpretive approach, as opposed to the exploratory methods of previous models, is presented. This model is based on a postulate requiring all protons to pair with available neutrons to form bound alpha clusters as the ground state for an N = Z core upon which excess neutrons are added. For each core, the trend of the binding energy as a function of excess neutrons in the isotopic chain can be fit with a three-term quadratic function. The quadratic parameter reveals a smooth decaying exponential function. By re-envisioning the determination of mass excess, the constant-term fit parameters, representing N = Z nuclei, reveal a near-symmetry around Z = 50. The linear fit parameters exhibit trends which are linear functions of core size. A neutron drip-line prediction is compared against current models. By considering the possibility of an alpha-cluster core, a new ground-state structure grouping scheme is presented; nucleon-nucleon pairing is shown to have a greater role in level filling. This model, referred to as the Alpha-Deuteron-Neutron Model, yields promising first results when considering root-mean-square variances from the AME2012. The beta-decay of the neutron-rich isotope 74Cu has been studied using three high-purity Germanium clover detectors at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A high-resolution mass separator greatly improved the purity of the 74Cu beam by removing isobaric contaminants, thus allowing decay through its isobar chain to the stable 74Ge at the center of the LeRIBSS detector array without any decay chain member dominating. Using coincidence gating techniques, 121 gamma-rays associated with 74Cu were isolated from the collective singles spectrum. Eighty-seven of these were placed in an expanded level scheme, and updated beta-feeding level intensities and log( ft) values are presented based on multiple newly-placed excited states up to 6.8 MeV. The progression of simulated Total Absorption gamma-ray Spectroscopy (TAGS) based on known levels and beta feeding values from previous measurements to this evaluation are presented and demonstrate the need for a TAGS measurement of this isotope to gain a more complete understanding of its decay scheme.

  16. Beta Decay Study of the Tz = - 256Zn Nucleus and the Determination of the Half-Lives of a Few fp-shell Nuclei

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rubio, B.; Orrigo, S. E. A.; Kucuk, L.; Montaner-Pizá, A.; Fujita, Y.; Fujita, H.; Blank, B.; Gelletly, W.; Adachi, T.; Agramunt, J.; Algora, A.; Ascher, P.; Bilgier, B.; Cáceres, L.; Cakirli, R. B.; de France, G.; Ganioğlu, E.; Gerbaux, M.; Giovinazzo, J.; Grevy, S.; Kamalou, O.; Kozer, H. C.; Kurtukian-Nieto, T.; Marqués, F. M.; Molina, F.; Oktem, Y.; de Oliveira Santos, F.; Perrot, L.; Popescu, L.; Raabe, R.; Rogers, A. M.; Srivastava, P. C.; Susoy, G.; Suzuki, T.; Tamii, A.; Thomas, J. C.

    2014-06-01

    This paper concerns the experimental study of the β decay properties of few proton-rich fp-shell nuclei. The nuclei were produced at GANIL in fragmentation reactions, separated with the LISE spectrometer and stopped in an implantation detector surrounded by Ge detectors. The β-delayed gammas, β-delayed protons and the exotic β-delayed gamma-proton emission have been studied. Preliminary results are presented. The decay of the Tz = - 2 nucleus 56Zn has been studied in detail. Information from the β-delayed protons and β-delayed gammas has been used to deduce the decay scheme. The exotic beta-delayed gamma-proton decay has been observed for the first time in the fp-shell. The interpretation of the data was made possible thanks to the detailed knowledge of the mirror Charge Exchange (CE) process and the gamma de-excitation of the states in 56Co, the mirror nucleus of 56Cu.

  17. Decay of the neutron-rich isotope 171Ho and the identification of 169Dy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chasteler, R. M.; Nitschke, J. M.; Firestone, R. B.; Vierinen, K. S.; Wilmarth, P. A.

    1990-10-01

    Neutron-rich rare-earth isotopes were produced in multinucleon transfer reactions between 170Er ions and natW targets. On-line mass separation was used together with β- and γ-ray spectroscopy in these studies. At mass A=169, the heaviest known dysprosium isotope, 39(8) s,169Dy, was identified. It was observed to β- decay to the ground state of 169Ho or through a level at 1578 keV. In the A=171 mass chain, a partial decay scheme for 55(3)-s 171Ho was determined.

  18. Nuclear Structure of 124Xe Studied with β+/EC-Decay

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Radich, A. J.; Garrett, P. E.; Allmond, J. M.; Andreoiu, C.; Ball, G. C.; Bianco, L.; Bildstein, V.; Chagnon-Lessard, S.; Cross, D. S.; Diaz Varela, A.; Dunlop, R.; Finlay, P.; Garnsworthy, A. B.; Hackman, G.; Hadinia, B.; Jigmeddorj, B.; Laffoley, A. T.; Leach, K. G.; Michetti-Wilson, J.; Orce, J. N.; Rajabali, M. M.; Rand, E.; Starosta, K.; Sumithrarachchi, C. S.; Svensson, C. E.; Triambak, S.; Wang, Z. M.; Wood, J. L.; Wong, J.; Williams, S. J.; Yates, S. W.

    The nuclear structure of 124Xe was investigated using γ-ray spectroscopy following the β+/EC-decay of 124Cs. A very high-statistics data set was collected and γγ coincidence data was analyzed, greatly adding to the 124Xe level scheme. A new decay branch from the high-spin isomer of 124Cs was observed as well as weak E2 transitions into excited 0+ states in 124Xe. B(E2) transition strengths of such low-spin transitions are very important in determining collective properties, which are currently poorly characterized in the region of neutron-deficient xenon isotopes.

  19. Decay spectroscopy of element 115 daughters: Rg 280 → Mt 276 and Mt 276 → Bh 272

    DOE PAGES

    Gates, J. M.; Gregorich, K. E.; Gothe, O. R.; ...

    2015-08-03

    In this study, forty-six decay chains, assigned to the decay of 288115, were produced using the 243Am ( 48Ca, 3n) 288115 reaction at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 88-in. cyclotron. The resulting series of α decays were studied using α-photon and α-x-ray spectroscopies. Multiple α-photon coincidences were observed in the element 115 decay chain members, particularly in the third- and fourth-generation decays (presumed to be 280Rg and 276Mt, respectively). Upon combining these data with those from 22 288115 decay chains observed in a similar experiment, updated level schemes in 276Mt and 272Bh (populated by the α decay of 280Rg andmore » 276Mt, respectively) are proposed. Additionally, photons were observed in the energy range expected for K x rays coincident with the α decay of both 280Rg and 276Mt. However, Compton scattering of higher-energy γ rays and discrete transitions are present in the K x-ray region preventing a definitive Z identification to be made based on observation of characteristic K x-ray energies.« less

  20. Status of quarkonia-like negative and positive parity states in a relativistic confinement scheme

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bhavsar, Tanvi; Shah, Manan; Vinodkumar, P. C.

    2018-03-01

    Properties of quarkonia-like states in the charm and bottom sector have been studied in the frame work of relativistic Dirac formalism with a linear confinement potential. We have computed the mass spectroscopy and decay properties (vector decay constant and leptonic decay width) of several quarkonia-like states. The present study is also intended to identify some of the unexplained states as mixed P-wave and mixed S-D-wave states of charmonia and bottomonia. The results indicate that the X(4140) state can be an admixture of two P states of charmonium. And the charmonium-like states X(4630) and X(4660) are the admixed state of S-D-waves. Similarly, the X(10610) state recently reported by Belle II can be mixed P-states of bottomonium. In the relativistic framework we have computed the vector decay constant and the leptonic decay width for S wave charmonium and bottomonium. The leptonic decay widths for the J^{PC} = 1^{-} mixed states are also predicted. Further, both the masses and the leptonic decay width are considered for the identification of the quarkonia-like states.

  1. Experimental data on ground- and excited-state properties for all nuclei with mass number A=144 have been compiled and evaluated. States populated in radioactive decay as well as in nuclear reactions have been considered. For these nuclei, level and decay schemes have been built, as well as tables of nuclear properties. This work supersedes the 1989 evaluation by J.K. Tuli (1989Tu02). Manuscripts published before December 2000 have been included in this work

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sonzogni, A. A.

    2001-07-01

    Experimental data on ground- and excited-state properties for all nuclei with mass number A = 144 have been compiled and evaluated. States populated in radioactive decay as well as in nuclear reactions have been considered. For these nuclei, level and decay schemes have been built, as well as tables of nuclear properties. This work supersedes the 1989 evaluation by J.K. Tuli (1989Tu02). Manuscripts published before December 2000 have been included in this work.

  2. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 245

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Browne, E.; Tuli,J.K.

    The evaluators present in this publication spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reaction studies for all nuclei with mass number A = 245. This evaluation revises the earlier one by Y.A. Akovali (1992Ak05).

  3. Fast-Timing Study in the 78Ni Region: β-Decay of 81Zn

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Paziy, V.; Mach, H.; Fraile, L. M.; Aprahamian, A.; Bernards, C.; Briz, J. A.; Bucher, B.; Chiara, C. J.; Dlouhý, Z.; Gheorghe, I.; Ghiţă, D.; Hoff, P.; Jolie, J.; Köster, U.; Kurcewicz, W.; Lică, R.; Mărginean, N.; Mărginean, R.; Olaizola, B.; Régis, J.-M.; Rudigier, M.; Sava, T.; Simpson, G. S.; Stănoiu, M.; Stroe, L.; Udías, J. M.; Walters, W. B.

    The neutron-rich nucleus 81Ga was populated from the β-decay of 81Zn produced at the ISOLDE (CERN) facility. The analysis of β-gated γ-ray singles and γ-γ coincidences permits to extend significantly the level scheme of 81Ga as well as to provide a new half-life for 81Zn. A preliminary upper limit was obtained for the half-life of the first excited state in 81Ga.

  4. Fits of weak annihilation and hard spectator scattering corrections in B u,d \\wideoverrightarrow VV decays

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chang, Qin; Li, Xiao-Nan; Sun, Jun-Feng; Yang, Yue-Ling

    2016-10-01

    In this paper, the contributions of weak annihilation and hard spectator scattering in B\\to ρ {K}* , {K}* {\\bar{K}}* , φ {K}* , ρ ρ and φ φ decays are investigated within the framework of quantum chromodynamics factorization. Using the experimental data available, we perform {χ }2 analyses of end-point parameters in four cases based on the topology-dependent and polarization-dependent parameterization schemes. The fitted results indicate that: (i) in the topology-dependent scheme, the relation ({ρ }Ai,{φ }Ai)\

  5. Investigation of 124Xe nuclear structure with the 8Pi spectrometer at TRIUMF-ISAC

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Radich, Allison; Garrett, P.; Jigmeddorj, B.; Michetti-Wilson, J.; Diaz Varela, A.; Hadinia, B.; Bianco, L.; Wong, J.; Chagnon-Lessard, S.; Dunlop, R.; Finlay, P.; Laffoley, A.; Leach, K. G.; Rand, E.; Sumithrarachchi, C.; Svennson, C. E.; Wood, J. L.; Yates, S. W.; Andreoiu, C.; Starosta, K.; Cross, D.; Garnsworthy, A. B.; Hackman, G.; Ball, G.; Triambak, S.

    2013-10-01

    The 124Xe nucleus has been thought to obey O(6) symmetry but a recent Coulomb excitation study has found that while O(5) may be preserved, O(6) appears to be badly broken. To further characterize the structure of this nucleus, a beta-decay experiment was performed at the TRIUMF-ISAC facility. A beam of radioactive 124Cs at a rate of 9.8 × 107 ions/s was implanted at the center of the 8Pi spectrometer where it underwent β + /EC decay into stable 124Xe. High-statistics gamma-gamma coincidence measurements have been analyzed to add to the level scheme of 124Xe, which has been extended considerably. The high statistics data set has revealed a new decay branch from a 124Cs high-spin isomer as well as several very-weak transitions between low-spin states in 124Xe. Branching ratios and B(E2) transition strengths have been calculated for the updated level scheme. The results will be important in determining collective properties and nuclear structure of the 124Xe.

  6. Reexamining the nuclear structure of 154Gd in the dynamic pairing plus quadrupole model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gupta, J. B.; Hamilton, J. H.

    2017-05-01

    In a previous study of the collective multiphonon bands in 154Gd, using the microscopic dynamic pairing plus quadrupole model, data for eight K bands were analyzed. In the last four decades, its decay scheme is significantly revised and the nuclear theory has undergone a significant change. Special focus is on new weak intensity transitions in several bands and on the reassigned levels in its decay scheme. The present study represents a detailed revised analysis of the collective even parity bands below 2.1 MeV. Also, a discussion is given on the nature of the Kπ=0+ excited bands, validity of band mixing approach, and of the assumption of shape coexistence of β band with ground band. Comparison is made with the X (5) analytical symmetry and the algebraic interacting boson model predictions. Discussion of the 2 n transfer reactions is given. The validity of the multiphonon view of the Kπ=4+ and 22+ bands is also studied.

  7. Rate-distortion optimized tree-structured compression algorithms for piecewise polynomial images.

    PubMed

    Shukla, Rahul; Dragotti, Pier Luigi; Do, Minh N; Vetterli, Martin

    2005-03-01

    This paper presents novel coding algorithms based on tree-structured segmentation, which achieve the correct asymptotic rate-distortion (R-D) behavior for a simple class of signals, known as piecewise polynomials, by using an R-D based prune and join scheme. For the one-dimensional case, our scheme is based on binary-tree segmentation of the signal. This scheme approximates the signal segments using polynomial models and utilizes an R-D optimal bit allocation strategy among the different signal segments. The scheme further encodes similar neighbors jointly to achieve the correct exponentially decaying R-D behavior (D(R) - c(o)2(-c1R)), thus improving over classic wavelet schemes. We also prove that the computational complexity of the scheme is of O(N log N). We then show the extension of this scheme to the two-dimensional case using a quadtree. This quadtree-coding scheme also achieves an exponentially decaying R-D behavior, for the polygonal image model composed of a white polygon-shaped object against a uniform black background, with low computational cost of O(N log N). Again, the key is an R-D optimized prune and join strategy. Finally, we conclude with numerical results, which show that the proposed quadtree-coding scheme outperforms JPEG2000 by about 1 dB for real images, like cameraman, at low rates of around 0.15 bpp.

  8. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 42

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chen, Jun; Singh, Balraj

    The experimental data are evaluated for known nuclides of mass number A = 42 (Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr). Detailed evaluated level properties and related information are presented, including adopted values of level and γ–ray energies, decay data (energies, intensities and placement of radiations), and other spectroscopic data. This work supersedes earlier full evaluations of A = 42 published by B. Singh, J.A. Cameron – Nucl.Data Sheets 92, 1 (2001) and P.M. Endt – Nucl. Phys. A521, 1 (1990); Errata and Addenda Nucl. Phys. A529, 763 (1991); Errata Nucl. Phys. A564, 609 (1993)more » (also P.M. Endt – Nucl. Phys. A633, 1 (1998) update). No excited states are known in {sup 42}Al, {sup 42}P, {sup 42}V and {sup 42}Cr, and structure information for {sup 42}Si and {sup 42}S is quite limited. There are no decay schemes available for the decay of {sup 42}Al, {sup 42}Si, {sup 42}P, {sup 42}V and {sup 42}Cr, while the decay schemes of {sup 42}Cl and {sup 42}Ti are incomplete in view of scarcity of data, and large gap between their Q–values and the highest energy levels populated in corresponding daughter nuclei. Structures of {sup 42}Ca, {sup 42}K, {sup 42}Sc and {sup 42}Ar nuclides remain the most extensively studied via many different nuclear reactions and decays.« less

  9. Far From ‘Easy’ Spectroscopy with the 8π and GRIFFIN Spectrometers at TRIUMF-ISAC

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Garrett, P. E.; Radich, A. J.; Allmond, J. M.; Andreoiu, C.; Ball, G. C.; Bender, P. C.; Bianco, L.; Bildstein, V.; Bidaman, H.; Braid, R.; Burbadge, C.; Chagnon-Lessard, S.; Cross, D. S.; Deng, G.; Demand, G. A.; Diaz Varela, A.; Dunlop, M. R.; Dunlop, R.; Finlay, P.; Garnsworthy, A. B.; Grinyer, G. F.; Hackman, G.; Hadinia, B.; Ilyushkin, S.; Jigmeddorj, B.; Kisliuk, D.; Kuhn, K.; Laffoley, A. T.; Leach, K. G.; MacLean, A. D.; Michetti-Wilson, J.; Miller, D.; Moore, W.; Olaizola, B.; Orce, J. N.; Pearson, C. J.; Pore, J. L.; Rajabali, M. M.; Rand, E. T.; Sarazin, F.; Smith, J. K.; Starosta, K.; Sumithrarachchi, C. S.; Svensson, C. E.; Triambak, S.; Turko, J.; Wang, Z. M.; Wood, J. L.; Wong, J.; Williams, S. J.; Yates, S. W.; Zganjar, E. F.

    2015-09-01

    The 8π spectrometer, installed at the TRIUMF-ISAC facility, was the world's most sensitive γ-ray spectrometer dedicated to β-decay studies. A description is given of the 8π spectrometer and its auxiliary detectors including the plastic scintillator array SCEPTAR used for β-particle tagging and the Si(Li) array PACES for conversion electron measurements, its moving tape collector, and its data acquisition system. The recent investigation of the decay of 124Cs to study the nuclear structure of 124Xe, and how the β-decay measurements complemented previous Coulomb excitation studies, is highlighted, including the extraction of the deformation parameters for the excited 0+ bands in 124Xe. As a by-product, the decay scheme of the (7+) 124Cs isomeric state, for which the data from the PACES detectors were vital, was studied. Finally, a description of the new GRIFFIN spectrometer, which uses the same auxiliary detectors as the 8π spectrometer, is given.

  10. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pancholi, S. C.; Martin, M. J.

    A review of information available on level schemes and decay characteristics for all nuclei with mass number A = 212 is presented. Experimental data and their evaluation, adopted values, comparison with theory, and arguments for spin and parity assignments are given. Inconsistencies and discrepancies in the level schemes are discussed.

  11. Recent advances in β-decay spectroscopy at CARIBU

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mitchell, A. J.; Copp, P.; Savard, G.; Lister, C. J.; Lane, G. J.; Carpenter, M. P.; Clark, J. A.; Zhu, S.; Ayangeakaa, A. D.; Bottoni, S.; Brown, T. B.; Chowdhury, P.; Chillery, T. W.; David, H. M.; Hartley, D. J.; Heckmaier, E.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Kolos, K.; Kondev, F. G.; Lauritsen, T.; McCutchan, E. A.; Norman, E. B.; Padgett, S.; Scielzo, N. D.; Seweryniak, D.; Smith, M. L.; Wilson, G. L.

    2016-09-01

    β-decay spectroscopy of nuclei far from stability can provide powerful insight into a broad variety of topics in nuclear science, ranging from exotic nuclear structure phenomena, stellar nucleosynthesis processes, and applied topics such as quantifying "decay heat" discrepancies for advanced nuclear fuel cycles. Neutronrich nuclei approaching the drip-line are difficult to access experimentally, leaving many key examples largely under studied. The CARIBU radioactive beam facility at Argonne National Laboratory exploits spontaneous fission of 252Cf in production of such beams. The X-Array and SATURN decay station have been commissioned to perform detailed decay spectroscopy of low-energy CARIBU beams. An extended science campaign was started during 2015; with projects investigating nuclear shape changes, collective octupole vibrations, β-delayed neutron emission, and decay-scheme properties which could explain the reactor antineutrino puzzle. In this article we review the current status of the setup, update on the first results and recent hardware upgrades, and look forward to future possibilities.

  12. Scheme variations of the QCD coupling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Boito, Diogo; Jamin, Matthias; Miravitllas, Ramon

    2017-03-01

    The Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) coupling αs is a central parameter in the Standard Model of particle physics. However, it depends on theoretical conventions related to renormalisation and hence is not an observable quantity. In order to capture this dependence in a transparent way, a novel definition of the QCD coupling, denoted by â, is introduced, whose running is explicitly renormalisation scheme invariant. The remaining renormalisation scheme dependence is related to transformations of the QCD scale Λ, and can be parametrised by a single parameter C. Hence, we call â the C-scheme coupling. The dependence on C can be exploited to study and improve perturbative predictions of physical observables. This is demonstrated for the QCD Adler function and hadronic decays of the τ lepton.

  13. Levels in 223Th populated by α decay of 227U

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kalaninová, Z.; Antalic, S.; Heßberger, F. P.; Ackermann, D.; Andel, B.; Kindler, B.; Laatiaoui, M.; Lommel, B.; Maurer, J.

    2015-07-01

    Levels in 223Th populated by the α decay of 227U were investigated using α -γ decay spectroscopy. The 227U isotope was produced in the fusion-evaporation reaction 22Ne +208Pb at the velocity filter separator for heavy-ion reaction products at Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt (Germany). Several new excited levels and γ transitions were identified in 223Th . An improved α -decay scheme of 227U was suggested. The experimental α -decay energy spectrum of 227U was compared with the Monte Carlo simulation performed using the toolkit geant4.

  14. NNLO QCD corrections to associated W H production and H →b b ¯ decay

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Caola, Fabrizio; Luisoni, Gionata; Melnikov, Kirill; Röntsch, Raoul

    2018-04-01

    We present a computation of the next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) QCD corrections to the production of a Higgs boson in association with a W boson at the LHC and the subsequent decay of the Higgs boson into a b b ¯ pair, treating the b quarks as massless. We consider various kinematic distributions and find significant corrections to observables that resolve the Higgs decay products. We also find that a cut on the transverse momentum of the W boson, important for experimental analyses, may have a significant impact on kinematic distributions and radiative corrections. We show that some of these effects can be adequately described by simulating QCD radiation in Higgs boson decays to b quarks using parton showers. We also describe contributions to Higgs decay to a b b ¯ pair that first appear at NNLO and that were not considered in previous fully differential computations. The calculation of NNLO QCD corrections to production and decay sub-processes is carried out within the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme presented by some of us earlier this year. We demonstrate that this subtraction scheme performs very well, allowing a computation of the coefficient of the second-order QCD corrections at the level of a few per mill.

  15. Thermal non-equilibrium effect of small-scale structures in compressible turbulence

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Shi-Yi; Li, Qi-Bing

    2018-05-01

    The thermal non-equilibrium effect of the small-scale structures in the canonical two-dimensional turbulence is studied. Comparative studies of Unified Gas Kinetic Scheme (UGKS) and GKS-Navier-Stokes (NS) for Taylor-Green flow with initial Ma = 1, Kn = 0.01 and decaying isotropic turbulence with initial Mat = 1, Reλ = 20 show that the discrepancy exists both in small and large scales, even beyond the dissipation range to 10η with accuracy to 8% in the SGS energy transfer of the decaying isotropic turbulence, illustrating the necessity for resolving the kinetic scales even at moderated Reλ = 20.

  16. Fast Timing Study of the β- Decay of 63Mn to 63Fe

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Olaizola, B.; Fraile, L. M.; Mach, H.; Briz, J. A.; Cal-González, J.; Ghita, D.; Köster, U.; Kurcewicz, W.; Lesher, S. R.; Pauwels, D.; Picado, E.; Poves, A.; Radulov, D.; Simpson, G. S.; Udias, J. M.

    The β- decay of 63Mn to 63Fe has been studied in an experiment at ISOLDE, CERN. The previously known 63Fe level scheme has been confirmed and greatly expanded, to a total of 31 levels and 73 γ lines. The energy of the 9/2+ isomer state has been measured for the first time at 475.0 keV, completing the systematics of such states in odd-Fe isotopes below 68Ni. In addition, the lifetimes of the low-lying states have been measured, allowing the tentative assignment of the spin-parity sequence for those levels.

  17. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 196

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xiaolong, Huang

    2007-06-01

    The 1998 version of nuclear data sheets for A = 196 has been revised and updated on the basis of the experimental results from various decay and reaction studies before January 2006. The experimental data for all known nuclei of A = 196 (Os,Ir,Pt,Au,Hg, Tl,Pb,Bi,Po,At,Rn) have been reevaluated. The experimental methods, references,Jπ arguments,and necessary comments are given in the text. Summary band structure drawings and level schemes from both radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented. Also of special interest are the new identification of superdeformed bands in 196Pb and 196Bi.

  18. Proton-hole and core-excited states in the semi-magic nucleus 131In82

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Taprogge, J.; Jungclaus, A.; Grawe, H.

    2016-11-01

    The decay of the N = 83 nucleus Cd-131 has been studied at the RIBF facility at the RIKEN Nishina Center. The main purpose of the study was to identify the position of the and proton-hole states and the energies of core-excited configurations in the semi-magic nucleus In-131. From the radiation emitted following the decay, a level scheme of In-131 was established and the feeding to each excited state determined. Similarities between the single-particle transitions observed in the decays of the N = 83 isotones In-132 and Cd-131 are discussed. Finally the excitation energies of several core-excited configurations in In-131more » are compared to QRPA and shell-model calculations.« less

  19. Beta-delayed proton emission from 20Mg

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lund, M. V.; Andreyev, A.; Borge, M. J. G.; Cederkäll, J.; De Witte, H.; Fraile, L. M.; Fynbo, H. O. U.; Greenlees, P. T.; Harkness-Brennan, L. J.; Howard, A. M.; Huyse, M.; Jonson, B.; Judson, D. S.; Kirsebom, O. S.; Konki, J.; Kurcewicz, J.; Lazarus, I.; Lica, R.; Lindberg, S.; Madurga, M.; Marginean, N.; Marginean, R.; Marroquin, I.; Mihai, C.; Munch, M.; Nacher, E.; Negret, A.; Nilsson, T.; Page, R. D.; Pascu, S.; Perea, A.; Pucknell, V.; Rahkila, P.; Rapisarda, E.; Riisager, K.; Rotaru, F.; Sotty, C.; Stanoiu, M.; Tengblad, O.; Turturica, A.; Van Duppen, P.; Vedia, V.; Wadsworth, R.; Warr, N.

    2016-10-01

    Beta-delayed proton emission from 20 Mg has been measured at ISOLDE, CERN, with the ISOLDE Decay Station (IDS) setup including both charged-particle and gamma-ray detection capabilities. A total of 27 delayed proton branches were measured including seven so far unobserved. An updated decay scheme, including three new resonances above the proton separation energy in 20 Na and more precise resonance energies, is presented. Beta-decay feeding to two resonances above the Isobaric Analogue State (IAS) in 20 Na is observed. This may allow studies of the 4032.9(2.4)keV resonance in 19 Ne through the beta decay of 20 Mg, which is important for the astrophysically relevant reaction 15O( α, γ)19Ne . Beta-delayed protons were used to obtain a more precise value for the half-life of 20 Mg, 91.4(1.0)ms.

  20. Scheme for quantum state manipulation in coupled cavities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lin, Jin-Zhong

    By controlling the parameters of the system, the effective interaction between different atoms is achieved in different cavities. Based on the interaction, scheme to generate three-atom Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) is proposed in coupled cavities. Spontaneous emission of excited states and decay of cavity modes can be suppressed efficiently. In addition, the scheme is robust against the variation of hopping rate between cavities.

  1. KEWPIE: A dynamical cascade code for decaying exited compound nuclei

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bouriquet, Bertrand; Abe, Yasuhisa; Boilley, David

    2004-05-01

    A new dynamical cascade code for decaying hot nuclei is proposed and specially adapted to the synthesis of super-heavy nuclei. For such a case, the interesting channel is of the tiny fraction that will decay through particles emission, thus the code avoids classical Monte-Carlo methods and proposes a new numerical scheme. The time dependence is explicitely taken into account in order to cope with the fact that fission decay rate might not be constant. The code allows to evaluate both statistical and dynamical observables. Results are successfully compared to experimental data.

  2. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chasteler, R.M.; Nitschke, J.M.; Firestone, R.B.

    Neutron-rich rare-earth isotopes were produced in multinucleon transfer reactions between {sup 170}Er ions and {sup nat}W targets. On-line mass separation was used together with {beta}- and {gamma}-ray spectroscopy in these studies. At mass {ital A}=169, the heaviest known dysprosium isotope, 39(8) s,{sup 169}Dy, was identified. It was observed to {beta}{sup {minus}} decay to the ground state of {sup 169}Ho or through a level at 1578 keV. In the {ital A}=171 mass chain, a partial decay scheme for 55(3)-s {sup 171}Ho was determined.

  3. β -delayed neutron emission from 85Ga

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Miernik, K.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Grzywacz, R.; Gross, C. J.; Madurga, M.; Miller, D.; Stracener, D. W.; Batchelder, J. C.; Brewer, N. T.; Korgul, A.; Mazzocchi, C.; Mendez, A. J.; Liu, Y.; Paulauskas, S. V.; Winger, J. A.; Wolińska-Cichocka, M.; Zganjar, E. F.

    2018-05-01

    Decay of 85Ga was studied by means of β -neutron-γ spectroscopy. A pure beam of 85Ga was produced at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility using a resonance ionization laser ion source and a high-resolution electromagnetic separator. The β -delayed neutron emission probability was measured for the first time, yielding 70(5)%. An upper limit of 0.1% for β -delayed two-neutron emission was also experimentally established for the first time. A detailed decay scheme including absolute γ -ray intensities was obtained. Results are compared with theoretical β -delayed emission models.

  4. Two-body decays of gluino at full one-loop level in the quark-flavour violating MSSM.

    PubMed

    Eberl, Helmut; Ginina, Elena; Hidaka, Keisho

    2017-01-01

    We study the two-body decays of the gluino at full one-loop level in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with quark-flavour violation (QFV) in the squark sector. The renormalisation is done in the [Formula: see text] scheme. The gluon and photon radiations are included by adding the corresponding three-body decay widths. We discuss the dependence of the gluino decay widths on the QFV parameters. The main dependence stems from the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] mixing in the decays to up-type squarks, and from the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] mixing in the decays to down-type squarks due to the strong constraints from B-physics on the other quark-flavour-mixing parameters. The full one-loop corrections to the gluino decay widths are mostly negative and of the order of about -10%. The QFV part stays small in the total width but can vary up to -8% for the decay width into the lightest [Formula: see text] squark. For the corresponding branching ratio the effect is somehow washed out by at least a factor of two. The electroweak corrections can be as large as 35% of the SUSY QCD corrections.

  5. Standardization of 64Cu using an improved decay scheme

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Amiot, M. N.; Bé, M. M.; Branger, T.; Cassette, P.; Lépy, M. C.; Ménesguen, Y.; Da Silva, I.

    2012-08-01

    A 64Cu solution was standardized by means of liquid scintillation counting. The activity of the solution was also determined with an ionization chamber whose response was simulated by using a Monte Carlo code. The photon emission intensities including K X-rays were determined to be I511=35.1 (3)%; I1346=0.472 (12)%, IKα=14.41 (15)%, IKβ=2.01 (3)%, respectively. 64Cu half-life was also determined as 12.718 (23) h. The new decay scheme used in the present work was established following the EURAMET 1085 exercise where a good agreement between activity measurement techniques was found.

  6. A reformulation of the coupled perturbed self-consistent field equations entirely within a local atomic orbital density matrix-based scheme

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ochsenfeld, Christian; Head-Gordon, Martin

    1997-05-01

    To exploit the exponential decay found in numerical studies for the density matrix and its derivative with respect to nuclear displacements, we reformulate the coupled perturbed self-consistent field (CPSCF) equations and a quadratically convergent SCF (QCSCF) method for Hartree-Fock and density functional theory within a local density matrix-based scheme. Our D-CPSCF (density matrix-based CPSCF) and D-QCSCF schemes open the way for exploiting sparsity and to achieve asymptotically linear scaling of computational complexity with molecular size ( M), in case of D-CPSCF for all O( M) derivative densities. Furthermore, these methods are even for small molecules strongly competitive to conventional algorithms.

  7. β decay of the exotic Tz=-2 nuclei 48Fe,52Ni , and 56Zn

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Orrigo, S. E. A.; Rubio, B.; Fujita, Y.; Gelletly, W.; Agramunt, J.; Algora, A.; Ascher, P.; Bilgier, B.; Blank, B.; Cáceres, L.; Cakirli, R. B.; Ganioǧlu, E.; Gerbaux, M.; Giovinazzo, J.; Grévy, S.; Kamalou, O.; Kozer, H. C.; Kucuk, L.; Kurtukian-Nieto, T.; Molina, F.; Popescu, L.; Rogers, A. M.; Susoy, G.; Stodel, C.; Suzuki, T.; Tamii, A.; Thomas, J. C.

    2016-04-01

    The results of a study of the β decays of three proton-rich nuclei with Tz=-2 , namely 48Fe,52Ni , and 56Zn, produced in an experiment carried out at GANIL, are reported. In all three cases we have extracted the half-lives and the total β -delayed proton emission branching ratios. We have measured the individual β -delayed protons and β -delayed γ rays and the branching ratios of the corresponding levels. Decay schemes have been determined for the three nuclei, and new energy levels are identified in the daughter nuclei. Competition between β -delayed protons and γ rays is observed in the de-excitation of the T =2 isobaric analog states in all three cases. Absolute Fermi and Gamow-Teller transition strengths have been determined. The mass excesses of the nuclei under study have been deduced. In addition, we discuss in detail the data analysis taking as a test case 56Zn, where the exotic β -delayed γ -proton decay has been observed.

  8. Generation of Werner states via collective decay of coherently driven atoms

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Agarwal, Girish S.; Kapale, Kishore T.

    2006-02-15

    We show deterministic generation of Werner states as a steady state of the collective decay dynamics of a pair of neutral atoms coupled to a leaky cavity and strong coherent drive. We also show how the scheme can be extended to generate a 2N-particle analogue of the bipartite Werner states.

  9. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 143

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Browne, E.; Tuli, J. K.

    2012-03-01

    The evaluators present in this publication spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reaction studies for all nuclei with mass number A = 143. The evaluation, which includes all data received by May 2011, supersedes the 2001 evaluation by J.K. Tuli, published in Nuclear Data Sheets94, 605 (2001).

  10. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=143

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Browne E.; Tuli J.; Browne,E.

    The evaluators present in this publication spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reaction studies for all nuclei with mass number A = 143. The evaluation, which includes all data received by May 2011, supersedes the 2001 evaluation by J.K. Tuli, published in Nuclear Data Sheets94, 605 (2001).

  11. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=62

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nichols A. L.; Tuli J.; Nichols,A.L.

    Experimental nuclear spectroscopic data for known nuclides of mass number 62 (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge) have been evaluated and presented together with adopted properties of levels and {gamma} rays. New high-spin data are available for {sup 62}Ga, and {sup 62}Zn. Results of in-beam {gamma}-ray studies for {sup 62}Cu producing high-spin states are in conflict in terms of gamma-ray placements and branching ratios. In the opinion of the evaluators, a detailed study of high-spin structures in {sup 62}Cu is needed to obtain a consistent and confident level scheme. Precise studies of superallowed {beta} decaymore » of {sup 62}Ga to {sup 62}Zn by several groups have extended the decay scheme. No significant new data, since the 2000 NDS for A = 62 (2000Hu18), have been reported for {sup 62}Co, {sup 62}Ni and {sup 62}Cu. No data are yet available for excited states in {sup 62}Ti and {sup 62}V, and those for {sup 62}Cr and {sup 62}Ge are scarce. The level lifetime data are available in very few cases. The radioactive decay schemes of {sup 62}Ti and {sup 62}Ge are unknown, and those for {sup 62}V, {sup 62}Cr and 92-ms {sup 62}Mn are scantily known. The data presented here supersede those in the earlier NDS publications.« less

  12. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 222

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Singh, S.; Tuli, J.; Jain,A.K.

    The ENSDF evaluation for A=222 mass chain (1996El01) has been updated on the basis of the experimental results, since September 1995 (literature cutoff date in 1996El01), from various reaction and decay studies for all nuclides in A=222 mass chain (Z=84 to 92). A new nuclide ({sup 222}Po) has since been observed. In addition, new measurements have been reported in Rn, Th and Ra nuclides. The results obtained from various theoretical studies are given as comments. The updated level and decay schemes, and experimental decay and reaction data on which they are based, are summarized and presented for all the nuclidesmore » with mass number A=222. The adopted values of level energies, level spins and parities are given, and {gamma}-ray energies, intensities, as well as other nuclear properties are presented.« less

  13. Structure of {sup 81}Ga populated from the {beta}{sup -} decay of {sup 81}Zn

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Paziy, V.; Mach, H.; Fraile, L. M.

    2013-06-10

    We report on the results of the {beta}-decay of {sup 81}Zn. The experiment was performed at the CERN ISOLDE facility in the framework of a systematic ultra-fast timing investigation of neutron-rich nuclei populated in the decay of Zn. The present analysis included {beta}-gated {gamma}-ray singles and {gamma}-{gamma} coincidences from the decay of {sup 81}Zn to {sup 81}Ga and leads to a new and much more extensive level scheme of {sup 81}Ga. A new half-life of {sup 81}Zn is provided.

  14. Gauge-independent renormalization of the N2HDM

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Krause, Marcel; López-Val, David; Mühlleitner, Margarete; Santos, Rui

    2017-12-01

    The Next-to-Minimal 2-Higgs-Doublet Model (N2HDM) is an interesting benchmark model for a Higgs sector consisting of two complex doublet and one real singlet fields. Like the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric extension (NMSSM) it features light Higgs bosons that could have escaped discovery due to their singlet admixture. Thereby, the model allows for various different Higgs-to-Higgs decay modes. Contrary to the NMSSM, however, the model is not subject to supersymmetric relations restraining its allowed parameter space and its phenomenology. For the correct determination of the allowed parameter space, the correct interpretation of the LHC Higgs data and the possible distinction of beyond-the-Standard Model Higgs sectors higher order corrections to the Higgs boson observables are crucial. This requires not only their computation but also the development of a suitable renormalization scheme. In this paper we have worked out the renormalization of the complete N2HDM and provide a scheme for the gauge-independent renormalization of the mixing angles. We discuss the renormalization of the Z_2 soft breaking parameter m 12 2 and the singlet vacuum expectation value v S . Both enter the Higgs self-couplings relevant for Higgs-to-Higgs decays. We apply our renormalization scheme to different sample processes such as Higgs decays into Z bosons and decays into a lighter Higgs pair. Our results show that the corrections may be sizable and have to be taken into account for reliable predictions.

  15. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 227

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kondev, Filip; McCutchan, Elizabeth; Singh, Balraj, E-mail: balraj@mcmaster.ca

    The evaluated spectroscopic data are presented for ten known nuclides of mass 227 (Po, At, Rn, Fr, Ra, Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np). For {sup 227}Po, {sup 227}At, {sup 227}Rn, {sup 227}Pa, {sup 227}U and {sup 227}Np nuclei, only the ground-state information is available. Their decay characteristics are mostly unknown. Levels in {sup 227}Fr are known only from the decay of {sup 227}Rn to {sup 227}Fr. This decay scheme at present cannot be normalized to deduce γ intensities per 100 decays due to lack of knowledge about multipolarities of many low-energy transitions. The levels in {sup 227}Ra, {sup 227}Ac andmore » {sup 227}Th are known from several decays and reactions, including particle-transfer data for {sup 227}Ra and {sup 227}Ac. The decay scheme of {sup 227}Ra to {sup 227}Ac was last studied in 1971 using small Ge detectors. Improved γ-ray intensity data need to be obtained with a better γ-detection system. The datasets for {sup 227}Ac have undergone extensive revisions, including detailed data for 231Pa α decay from 1986BaYK report, and single-proton transfer data from 1986MaYU thesis. High-spin (J>13/2 or so) structures are known only for 227Th. Level lifetime data are quite scarce for all the nuclides in this mass chain, thus limiting the knowledge of reduced transition probabilities. Band structures for {sup 227}Fr, {sup 227}Ra, {sup 227}Ac and {sup 227}Th are known in detail, together with evidence of weak octupole deformation and consequent parity-doublet structures. This evaluation was carried out as part of a joint IAEA-ICTP workshop for Nuclear Structure and Decay Data, organized and hosted by the IAEA, Vienna and ICTP, Trieste, March 24–28, 2014. The evaluation work was coordinated by B. Singh (McMaster). This work supersedes previous A=227 evaluation (2001Br31) published by E. Browne which covered literature before May 2001.« less

  16. Protecting quantum Fisher information in curved space-time

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Huang, Zhiming

    2018-03-01

    In this work, we investigate the quantum Fisher information (QFI) dynamics of a two-level atom interacting with quantized conformally coupled massless scalar fields in de Sitter-invariant vacuum. We first derive the master equation that governs its evolution. It is found that the QFI decays with evolution time. Furthermore, we propose two schemes to protect QFI by employing prior weak measurement (WM) and post measurement reversal (MR). We find that the first scheme can not always protect QFI and the second scheme has prominent advantage over the first scheme.

  17. Teleportation of a Weak Coherent Cavity Field State

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cardoso, Wesley B.; Qiang, Wen-Chao; Avelar, Ardiley T.

    2016-07-01

    In this paper we propose a scheme to teleport a weak coherent cavity field state. The scheme relies on the resonant atom-field interaction inside a high-Q cavity. The mean photon-number of the cavity field is assumed much smaller than one, hence the field decay inside the cavity can be effectively suppressed.

  18. Generalization of the event-based Carnevale-Hines integration scheme for integrate-and-fire models.

    PubMed

    van Elburg, Ronald A J; van Ooyen, Arjen

    2009-07-01

    An event-based integration scheme for an integrate-and-fire neuron model with exponentially decaying excitatory synaptic currents and double exponential inhibitory synaptic currents has been introduced by Carnevale and Hines. However, the integration scheme imposes nonphysiological constraints on the time constants of the synaptic currents, which hamper its general applicability. This letter addresses this problem in two ways. First, we provide physical arguments demonstrating why these constraints on the time constants can be relaxed. Second, we give a formal proof showing which constraints can be abolished. As part of our formal proof, we introduce the generalized Carnevale-Hines lemma, a new tool for comparing double exponentials as they naturally occur in many cascaded decay systems, including receptor-neurotransmitter dissociation followed by channel closing. Through repeated application of the generalized lemma, we lift most of the original constraints on the time constants. Thus, we show that the Carnevale-Hines integration scheme for the integrate-and-fire model can be employed for simulating a much wider range of neuron and synapse types than was previously thought.

  19. Novel demonstration of the renormalization group invariance of the fixed-order predictions using the principle of maximum conformality and the C -scheme coupling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Xing-Gang; Shen, Jian-Ming; Du, Bo-Lun; Brodsky, Stanley J.

    2018-05-01

    As a basic requirement of the renormalization group invariance, any physical observable must be independent of the choice of both the renormalization scheme and the initial renormalization scale. In this paper, we show that by using the newly suggested C -scheme coupling, one can obtain a demonstration that the principle of maximum conformality prediction is scheme-independent to all-orders for any renormalization schemes, thus satisfying all of the conditions of the renormalization group invariance. We illustrate these features for the nonsinglet Adler function and for τ decay to ν + hadrons at the four-loop level.

  20. Measurement of the moments of the photon energy spectrum in B{yields}X{sub s}{gamma} decays and determination of |V{sub cb}| and m{sub b} at Belle

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Schwanda, C.; Mandl, F.; Mitaroff, W.

    2008-08-01

    Using the previous Belle measurement of the inclusive photon energy in B{yields}X{sub s}{gamma} decays, we determine the first and second moments of this spectrum for minimum photon energies in the B meson rest frame ranging from 1.8 to 2.3 GeV. Combining these measurements with recent Belle data on the lepton energy and hadronic mass moments in B{yields}X{sub c}l{nu} decays, we perform fits to theoretical expressions derived in the 1S and kinetic mass schemes and extract the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element V{sub cb}, the b-quark mass, and other nonperturbative parameters. In the 1S scheme analysis we find |V{sub cb}|=(41.56{+-}0.68(fit){+-}0.08({tau}{submore » B}))x10{sup -3} and m{sub b}{sup 1S}=(4.723{+-}0.055) GeV. In the kinetic scheme, we obtain |V{sub cb}|=(41.58{+-}0.69(fit){+-}0.08({tau}{sub B}){+-}0.58(th))x10{sup -3} and m{sub b}{sup kin}=(4.543{+-}0.075) GeV.« less

  1. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 136

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sonzogni, A. A.

    2002-04-01

    Experimental data on ground-- and excited--state properties for all known nuclei with mass number A=136 have been compiled and evaluated. States populated in radioactive decay as well as in nuclear reactions have been considered. For these nuclei, level and decay schemes, as well as tables of nuclear properties are presented. This work supersedes the 1994 evaluation by J.K. Tuli (1994Tu01).

  2. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 230

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Browne, E.; Tuli, J. K.

    The evaluators present in this publication spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reactions for all isobars with mass number A=230. This evaluation includes the first experimental evidence of 230Am, produced through the 197Au(40Ar,3n)234Bk (α decay to 230Am) reaction, E(40Ar)=188.4 MeV (2003MoZX).

  3. Conversion electrons from high-statistics β-decay measurements with the 8π spectrometer at TRIUMF-ISAC

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Garrett, P. E.; Jigmeddorj, B.; Radich, A. J.; Andreoiu, C.; Ball, G. C.; Bangay, J. C.; Bianco, L.; Bildstein, V.; Chagnon-Lessard, S.; Cross, D. S.; Demand, G. A.; Diaz Varela, A.; Dunlop, R.; Finlay, P.; Garnsworthy, A. B.; Green, K. L.; Hackman, G.; Hadinia, B.; Leach, K. G.; Michetti-Wilson, J.; Orce, J. N.; Rajabali, M. M.; Rand, E. T.; Starosta, K.; Sumithrarachchi, C.; Svensson, C. E.; Triambak, S.; Wang, Z. M.; Williams, S. J.; Wood, J. L.; Wong, J.; Yates, S. W.; Zganjar, E. F.

    2016-09-01

    The 8π spectrometer, located at TRIUMF-ISAC, was the world's most powerful spectrometer dedicated to β-decay studies until its decommissioning in early 2014 for replacement with the GRIFFIN array. An integral part of the 8π spectrometer was the Pentagonal Array for Conversion Electron Spectroscopy (PACES) consisting of 5 Si(Li) detectors used for charged-particle detection. PACES enabled both γ - e- and e- - e- coincidence measurements, which were crucial for increasing the sensitivity for discrete e- lines in the presence of large backgrounds. Examples from a 124Cs decay experiment, where the data were vital for the expansion of the 124Cs decay scheme, are shown. With suffcient statistics, measurements of conversion coeffcients can be used to extract the E0 components of Jπ → Jπ transitions for J ≠ 0, which is demonstrated for data obtained in 110In→110Cd decay. With knowledge of the shapes of the states involved, as obtained, for example, from the use of Kumar-Cline shape invariants, the mixing of the states can be extracted.

  4. Fast analysis of radionuclide decay chain migration

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, J. S.; Liang, C. P.; Liu, C. W.; Li, L.

    2014-12-01

    A novel tool for rapidly predicting the long-term plume behavior of an arbitrary length radionuclide decay chain is presented in this study. This fast tool is achieved based on generalized analytical solutions in compact format derived for a set of two-dimensional advection-dispersion equations coupled with sequential first-order decay reactions in groundwater system. The performance of the developed tool is evaluated by a numerical model using a Laplace transform finite difference scheme. The results of performance evaluation indicate that the developed model is robust and accurate. The developed model is then used to fast understand the transport behavior of a four-member radionuclide decay chain. Results show that the plume extents and concentration levels of any target radionuclide are very sensitive to longitudinal, transverse dispersion, decay rate constant and retardation factor. The developed model are useful tools for rapidly assessing the ecological and environmental impact of the accidental radionuclide releases such as the Fukushima nuclear disaster where multiple radionuclides leaked through the reactor, subsequently contaminating the local groundwater and ocean seawater in the vicinity of the nuclear plant.

  5. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 211

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Singh, Balraj; Abriola, Daniel; Baglin, Coral

    The evaluated spectroscopic data are presented for 11 known nuclides of mass 211 (Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Rn, Fr, Ra, Ac, Th). The {sup 211}Pa nuclide is included here but its identification remains uncertain. For {sup 211}Hg, {sup 211}Tl, {sup 211}Ac and {sup 211}Th nuclei, only the ground–state information is available. Their decay characteristics are mostly unknown. {sup 211}Fr is suggested to decay partially through ε decay mode, but its decay scheme remains poorly known. While high–spin excitations, including several isomers, are well studied in {sup 211}Pb, {sup 211}Bi, {sup 211}Po, {sup 211}At, {sup 211}Rn and {sup 211}Fr,more » the particle–transfer data are available for only {sup 211}Po and {sup 211}Bi. This evaluation was carried out as part of joint IAEA–ICTP workshop for Nuclear Structure and Decay Data, organized and hosted by the IAEA, Vienna and ICTP, Trieste, August 6–17, 2012. This work supersedes previous A=211 evaluation (2004Br45) published by E. Browne which covered literature before January 2003.« less

  6. Thermal Neutron Capture onto the Stable Tungsten Isotopes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hurst, A. M.; Firestone, R. B.; Sleaford, B. W.; Summers, N. C.; Revay, Zs.; Szentmiklósi, L.; Belgya, T.; Basunia, M. S.; Capote, R.; Choi, H.; Dashdorj, D.; Escher, J.; Krticka, M.; Nichols, A.

    2012-02-01

    Thermal neutron-capture measurements of the stable tungsten isotopes have been carried out using the guided thermal-neutron beam at the Budapest Reactor. Prompt singles spectra were collected and analyzed using the HYPERMET γ-ray analysis software package for the compound tungsten systems 183W, 184W, and 187W, prepared from isotopically-enriched samples of 182W, 183W, and 186W, respectively. These new data provide both confirmation and new insights into the decay schemes and structure of the tungsten isotopes reported in the Evaluated Gamma-ray Activation File based upon previous elemental analysis. The experimental data have also been compared to Monte Carlo simulations of γ-ray emission following the thermal neutron-capture process using the statistical-decay code DICEBOX. Together, the experimental cross sections and modeledfeeding contribution from the quasi continuum, have been used to determine the total radiative thermal neutron-capture cross sections for the tungsten isotopes and provide improved decay-scheme information for the structural- and neutron-data libraries.

  7. Implementing two optimal economical quantum cloning with superconducting quantum interference devices in a cavity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ye, Liu; Hu, GuiYu; Li, AiXia

    2011-01-01

    We propose a unified scheme to implement the optimal 1 → 3 economical phase-covariant quantum cloning and optimal 1 → 3 economical real state cloning with superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) in a cavity. During this process, no transfer of quantum information between the SQUIDs and cavity is required. The cavity field is only virtually excited. The scheme is insensitive to cavity decay. Therefore, the scheme can be experimentally realized in the range of current cavity QED techniques.

  8. THE ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF POSITRONS IN $pi$$sup +$-$mu$$sup +$-e$sup +$ DECAY IN PROPANE (in Russian)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Alikhanyan, A.I.; Kirillov-Ugryumov, V.G.; Kotenko, L.P.

    1958-01-01

    In consideration of the wide use of propane bubble cameras, investigations were made of the angular distribution of electrons from pi /sup +/ -- mu /sup +/--e/sup +/ decay in propane to determine the possibility of using propane in angular correlation measurements of processes simlar to mu --e decay. The scheme of the experiment made with a bubble chamber of (7.2 x 6.5 x 16)cm/ dmensions bombarded by a 175-Mev pi -meson beam from a phasotron is described. (R.V.J.)

  9. Revisiting alpha decay-based near-light-speed particle propulsion.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Wenwu; Liu, Zhen; Yang, Yang; Du, Shiyu

    2016-08-01

    Interplanet and interstellar travels require long-term propulsion of spacecrafts, whereas the conventional schemes of propulsion are limited by the velocity of the ejected mass. In this study, alpha particles released by nuclear decay are considered as a potential solution for long-time acceleration. The principle of near-light-speed particle propulsion (NcPP) was elucidated and the stopping and range of ions in matter (SRIM) was used to predict theoretical accelerations. The results show that NcPP by means of alpha decay is feasible for long-term spacecraft propulsion and posture adjustment in space. A practical NcPP sail can achieve a speed >150km/s and reach the brink of the solar system faster than a mass equivalent solar sail. Finally, to significantly improve the NcPP sail, the hypothesis of stimulated acceleration of nuclear decay (SAND) was proposed, which may shorten the travel time to Mars to within 20 days. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. On the Effective Mass of the Electron Neutrino in Beta Decay

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Farzan, Yasaman

    2002-12-20

    In the presence of mixing between massive neutrino states, the distortion of the electron spectrum in beta decay is, in general, a function of several masses and mixing angles. For 3{nu}-schemes which describe the solar and atmospheric neutrino data, this distortion can be described by a single effective mass, under certain conditions. In the literature, two different definitions for the effective mass have been suggested. We show that for quasi-degenerate mass schemes (with an overall mass scale m and splitting {Delta}m{sup 2}) the two definitions coincide up to ({Delta}m{sup 2}){sup 2}/m{sup 4} corrections. We consider the impact of different effectivemore » masses on the integral energy spectrum. We show that the spectrum with a single mass can be used also to fit the data in the case of 4{nu}-schemes motivated, in particular, by the LSND results. In this case the accuracy of the mass determination turns out to be better than (10-15)%.« less

  11. β -delayed γ decay of P 26 : Possible evidence of a proton halo

    DOE PAGES

    Pérez-Loureiro, D.; Wrede, C.; Bennett, M. B.; ...

    2016-06-01

    Background: Measurements of β decay provide important nuclear structure information that can be used to probe isospin asymmetries and inform nuclear astrophysics studies. Purpose: To measure the β-delayed γ decay of 26P and compare the results with previous experimental results and shell-model calculations. Method: A 26P fast beam produced using nuclear fragmentation was implanted into a planar germanium detector. Its β-delayed γ-ray emission was measured with an array of 16 high-purity germanium detectors. Positrons emitted in the decay were detected in coincidence to reduce the background. Results: The absolute intensities of 26P β-delayed γ-rays were determined. A total of sixmore » new β-decay branches and 15 new γ-ray lines have been observed for the first time in 26P β-decay. A complete β-decay scheme was built for the allowed transitions to bound excited states of 26Si. ft values and Gamow-Teller strengths were also determined for these transitions and compared with shell model calculations and the mirror β-decay of 26Na, revealing significant mirror asymmetries. Conclusions: A very good agreement with theoretical predictions based on the USDB shell model is observed. The significant mirror asymmetry observed for the transition to the first excited state (δ=51(10)%) may be evidence for a proton halo in 26P.« less

  12. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 230

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Browne, E.; Tuli, J.K.

    The evaluators present in this publication spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reactions for all isobars with mass number A=230. This evaluation includes the first experimental evidence of {sup 230}Am, produced through the {sup 197}Au({sup 40}Ar,3n){sup 234}Bk ({alpha} decay to {sup 230}Am) reaction, E({sup 40}Ar)=188.4 MeV (2003MoZX).

  13. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fang Baolong; Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hefei University, Hefei 230022; Yang Zhen

    We propose a scheme for implementing a partial general quantum cloning machine with superconducting quantum-interference devices coupled to a nonresonant cavity. By regulating the time parameters, our system can perform optimal symmetric (asymmetric) universal quantum cloning, optimal symmetric (asymmetric) phase-covariant cloning, and optimal symmetric economical phase-covariant cloning. In the scheme the cavity is only virtually excited, thus, the cavity decay is suppressed during the cloning operations.

  14. Generation of three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state of superconducting qubits via transitionless quantum driving

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Xu; Chen, Ye-Hong; Wu, Qi-Cheng; Shi, Zhi-Cheng; Song, Jie; Xia, Yan

    2017-01-01

    We present an efficient scheme to quickly generate three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states by using three superconducting qubits (SQs) separated by two coplanar waveguide resonators (CPWRs) capacitively. The scheme is based on quantum Zeno dynamics and the approach of transitionless quantum driving to construct shortcuts to adiabatic passage. In order to highlight the advantages, we compare the present scheme with the traditional one with adiabatic passage. The comparison result shows the shortcut scheme is closely related to the adiabatic scheme but is better than it. Moreover, we discuss the influence of various decoherences with numerical simulation. The result proves that the present scheme is less sensitive to the energy relaxation, the decay of CPWRs and the deviations of the experimental parameters the same as the adiabatic passage. However, the shortcut scheme is effective and robust against the dephasing of SQs in comparison with the adiabatic scheme.

  15. β -decay scheme of 140Te to I 140 : Suppression of Gamow-Teller transitions between the neutron h9 /2 and proton h11 /2 partner orbitals

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moon, B.; Moon, C.-B.; Odahara, A.; Lozeva, R.; Söderström, P.-A.; Browne, F.; Yuan, C.; Yagi, A.; Hong, B.; Jung, H. S.; Lee, P.; Lee, C. S.; Nishimura, S.; Doornenbal, P.; Lorusso, G.; Sumikama, T.; Watanabe, H.; Kojouharov, I.; Isobe, T.; Baba, H.; Sakurai, H.; Daido, R.; Fang, Y.; Nishibata, H.; Patel, Z.; Rice, S.; Sinclair, L.; Wu, J.; Xu, Z. Y.; Yokoyama, R.; Kubo, T.; Inabe, N.; Suzuki, H.; Fukuda, N.; Kameda, D.; Takeda, H.; Ahn, D. S.; Shimizu, Y.; Murai, D.; Bello Garrote, F. L.; Daugas, J. M.; Didierjean, F.; Ideguchi, E.; Ishigaki, T.; Morimoto, S.; Niikura, M.; Nishizuka, I.; Komatsubara, T.; Kwon, Y. K.; Tshoo, K.

    2017-07-01

    We report for the first time the β -decay scheme of 140Te (Z =52 ) to 140I (Z =53 ), with a specific focus on the Gamow-Teller strength along N =87 isotones. These results were obtained in an experiment performed at the Radioactive Ion Beam Factory (RIBF), RIKEN, where the parent nuclide, 140Te, was produced through the in-flight fission of a 238U beam at 345 MeV per nucleon impinging on a 9Be target. Based on data from the high-efficiency γ -ray spectrometer, EUROBALL-RIKEN Cluster Array (EURICA), we constructed a decay scheme of 140I. The half-life of 140Te has been determined to be 350(5) ms. A level at 926 keV has been assigned as a (1+) state based on the logf t value of 4.89(6). This (1+) state, commonly observed in odd-odd nuclei, can be interpreted in terms of the π h11 /2ν h9 /2 configuration formed by the Gamow-Teller transition between a neutron in the h9 /2 orbital and a proton in the h11 /2 orbital. We observe a sharp contrast to this type of β -decay branching to the lower-lying 1+ states between 140I and 136I, where we see a large reduction as the number of neutrons increases. This is in contrast to the prediction by large-scale shell model calculations. To investigate this type of the suppression, results of the Nilsson model calculations will be discussed. Along the isotones with N =87 , we discuss a characteristic feature of the Gamow-Teller distributions at 1+ states with respect to the isospin difference.

  16. Rigorous-two-Steps scheme of TRIPOLI-4® Monte Carlo code validation for shutdown dose rate calculation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jaboulay, Jean-Charles; Brun, Emeric; Hugot, François-Xavier; Huynh, Tan-Dat; Malouch, Fadhel; Mancusi, Davide; Tsilanizara, Aime

    2017-09-01

    After fission or fusion reactor shutdown the activated structure emits decay photons. For maintenance operations the radiation dose map must be established in the reactor building. Several calculation schemes have been developed to calculate the shutdown dose rate. These schemes are widely developed in fusion application and more precisely for the ITER tokamak. This paper presents the rigorous-two-steps scheme implemented at CEA. It is based on the TRIPOLI-4® Monte Carlo code and the inventory code MENDEL. The ITER shutdown dose rate benchmark has been carried out, results are in a good agreement with the other participant.

  17. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=159

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Reich C. W.; Reich,C.W.

    2012-01-01

    The experimental results from the various reaction and radioactive decay studies leading to nuclides in the A = 159 mass chain have been reviewed. Nuclides ranging from Pm (Z = 61) through Os (Z = 74) are included. These data are summarized and presented, together with adopted level schemes and properties. This work supersedes the previous evaluation of the data on these nuclides (2003He11).

  18. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 69

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nesaraja, C. D.

    2014-01-01

    Experimental data on ground- and excited-state properties for all known nuclei with mass number A = 69 have been compiled and evaluated. States populated in radioactive decay, as well as in nuclear reactions, have been considered. For these nuclei, level and decay schemes, as well as tables of nuclear properties, are given in detail. This work supersedes the 2000 evaluation by M.R. Bhat and J.K. Tuli (2000Bh05).

  19. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=69

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nesaraja, C.D.

    Experimental data on ground– and excited–state properties for all known nuclei with mass number A=69 have been compiled and evaluated. States populated in radioactive decay, as well as in nuclear reactions, have been considered. For these nuclei, level and decay schemes, as well as tables of nuclear properties, are given in detail. This work supersedes the 2000 evaluation by M.R. Bhat and J.K. Tuli (2000Bh05)

  20. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 148

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nica, N.

    2014-04-02

    The experimental nuclear structure data available through October 2013 have been reviewed. A summary of information obtained in various reaction and decay experiments is presented, together with adopted level schemes.

  1. Quantum iSWAP gate in optical cavities with a cyclic three-level system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yan, Guo-an; Qiao, Hao-xue; Lu, Hua

    2018-04-01

    In this paper we present a scheme to directly implement the iSWAP gate by passing a cyclic three-level system across a two-mode cavity quantum electrodynamics. In the scheme, a three-level Δ -type atom ensemble prepared in its ground state mediates the interaction between the two-cavity modes. For this theoretical model, we also analyze its performance under practical noise, including spontaneous emission and the decay of the cavity modes. It is shown that our scheme may have a high fidelity under the practical noise.

  2. High-precision gamma-ray spectroscopy of 61Cu, an emerging medical isotope used in positron emission tomography

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nelson, N.; Ellison, P.; Nickles, R.; McCutchan, E.; Sonzogni, A.; Smith, S.; Greene, J.; Carpenter, M.; Zhu, S.; Lister, C.; Moran, K.

    2017-09-01

    61Cu (t1 / 2 = 3.339h) is an important medical isotope used in positron emission tomography (PET) tumor hypoxia imaging scans; however, its beta-plus decay and the subsequent gamma decay of 61Ni has not been studied in over 30 years. Therefore, high quality decay data of 61Cu is desired to determine the overall dose delivered to a patient. In this study, 61Cu was produced at the University of Wisconsin - Madison cyclotron and then assayed using the Gammasphere array at Argonne National Laboratory. Consisting of 70 Compton-suppressed high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors, Gammasphere provides precise decay data that exceeds that of previous 61Cu studies. γ-ray singles and coincident data were recorded and then analyzed using Radware gf3m software. Through γ- γ coincidence techniques, new γ-ray transitions were identified and high precision determination of γ-ray intensities were made. These modifications and additions to the current decay scheme will be presented, and their impact on the resulting does estimates will be discussed. DOE Isotope Program is acknowledged for funding ST5001030. Work supported by the U.S. DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-94ER40848 and Contract Nos. DE-AC02-98CH10946 and DE-AC02-06CH11357 and by the Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship Program (SULI).

  3. 31Cl beta decay and the 30P31S reaction rate in nova nucleosynthesis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bennett, Michael; Wrede, C.; Brown, B. A.; Liddick, S. N.; Pérez-Loureiro, D.; NSCL e12028 Collaboration

    2016-03-01

    The 30P31S reaction rate is critical for modeling the final isotopic abundances of ONe nova nucleosynthesis, identifying the origin of presolar nova grains, and calibrating proposed nova thermometers. Unfortunately, this rate is essentially experimentally unconstrained because the strengths of key 31S proton capture resonances are not known, due to uncertainties in their spins and parities. Using a 31Cl beam produced at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, we have populated several 31S states for study via beta decay and devised a new decay scheme which includes updated beta feedings and gamma branchings as well as multiple states previously unobserved in 31Cl beta decay. Results of this study, including the unambiguous identification due to isospin mixing of a new l = 0 , Jπ = 3 /2+ 31S resonance directly in the middle of the Gamow Window, will be presented, and significance to the evaluation of the 30P31S reaction rate will be discussed. Work supported by U.S. Natl. Sci. Foundation (Grants No. PHY-1102511, PHY-1404442, PHY-1419765, and PHY-1431052); U.S. Dept. of Energy, Natl. Nucl. Security Administration (Award No. DE-NA0000979); Nat. Sci. and Eng. Research Council of Canada.

  4. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 138

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sonzogni, A. A.

    2003-03-01

    Experimental data on ground- and excited-state properties for all known nuclei with mass number A=138 have been compiled and evaluated. States populated in radioactive decay as well as in nuclear reactions have been considered. For these nuclei, level and decay schemes, as well as tables of nuclear properties are given. This work supersedes the 1995 evaluation by J.K. Tuli (1995Tu01). Manuscripts published before December 2002 have been included in this work.

  5. The Emergent Universe scheme and tunneling

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Labraña, Pedro

    We present an alternative scheme for an Emergent Universe scenario, developed previously in Phys. Rev. D 86, 083524 (2012), where the universe is initially in a static state supported by a scalar field located in a false vacuum. The universe begins to evolve when, by quantum tunneling, the scalar field decays into a state of true vacuum. The Emergent Universe models are interesting since they provide specific examples of non-singular inflationary universes.

  6. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 168

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Baglin, Coral M.

    2010-07-15

    Nuclear structure data pertaining to all nuclei with mass A=168 (Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt) have been evaluated and incorporated into the ENSDF data file. This evaluation supersedes the previous publication (V.S. Shirley, Nuclear Data Sheets 71, 261 (1994) (literature cutoff date July 1993)) and subsequent ENSDF file revisions for Tb and Dy (C. Baglin, literature cutoff date of 15 June 1999) and Hf (B. Singh, literature cutoff date of 30 April 2001), and includes literature available by 15 June 2010. Since the above evaluations, the first excited states in {supmore » 168}Pt have been identified (1998Ki20, 2009Go16) and {alpha} decay from {sup 172}Hg has been observed (2009Sa27, 2004Ke06, 1999Se14). New levels in {sup 168}Dy have been excited using the {sup 170}Er({sup 82}Se,{sup 84}Kr{gamma}) reaction (2010So03). (HI,xn{gamma}) studies have significantly expanded our knowledge of level structure in {sup 168}Lu (1999Ka17, 2002Ha33), {sup 168}Ta (2008QiZZ), {sup 168}Yb (1995Fi01), {sup 168}Tm (2007CaZW), {sup 168}Hf (2009Ya21), {sup 168}Os (2001Jo11, 2009Od02) and, for {sup 168}Tm, important information has come also from (d,2n{gamma}) and ({alpha},n{gamma}) reactions (1995Si20). Revised decay schemes are available following new studies of {sup 168}Hf {epsilon} decay (6.7 min) (1997Ba26), {sup 168}Lu {epsilon} decay (1999Ba65), {sup 168}Ta {epsilon} decay (2007Mc08) and {sup 172}Au {alpha} decay (2009Ha42). Significant new information for {sup 168}Er is available from (p,t) (2006Bu09), (d,p) and (t,d) (1996Ma50), ({gamma},{gamma}') (1996Ma18), (136Xe, X{gamma}) (2010Dr02), ({sup 238}U,{sup 238}U{sup '{gamma}}) (2003Wu07) and (n,n{sup '{gamma}}) (1998Be20, 1998Be62) reactions, and the availability of {gamma}{gamma} coin data (1994Ju02, 1996Gi09) for the (n,{gamma}) E=thermal reaction has resulted in some significant level scheme revisions.« less

  7. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 161

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Reich C. W.; Reich C.W.

    2011-10-01

    The experimental results from the various reaction and radioactive decay studies leading to nuclides in the A = 161 mass chain have been reviewed. Nuclides ranging from Sm (Z = 62) through Os (Z = 76) are included, with Os being a new entry based on a recently reported study. These data are summarized and presented, together with adopted level schemes and properties. This work supersedes the previous evaluation (2000Re14) of the data on these nuclides.

  8. Shape Transitional Nuclei: What can we learn from the Yrare States? or Hello the Double Vacuum; Goodbye β-vibrations!

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sharpey-Schafer, J. F.; Mullins, S. M.; Bark, R. A.; Gueorguieva, E.; Kau, J.; Komati, F.; Lawrie, J. J.; Maine, P.; Minkova, A.; Murray, S. H. T.; Ncapayi, N. J.; Vymers, P.

    2008-05-01

    The results of our measurements on the yrare states up to spin 20ℏ in 152,154,155Gd, using (α,xn) reactions and the AFRODITE γ-ray spectrometer, are presented. We find that in 155Gd the decay scheme is divided into levels feeding the [505]11/2- band, that is extruded by the prolate deformation from the h11/2 orbital, and levels feeding the i13/2[651]3/2+ intruder orbital and the h9/2[521]3/2- orbital. The decay scheme of 154Gd is very complex. We find no evidence for the existence of β-vibrational levels below 1.5 MeV. We discover that the level scheme can be best understood as a set of collective states built on the ground state configuration |01+> plus a ``congruent'' set of collective states based on the |02+> state at 681 keV. The data suggest that this second vacuum has reduced pairing. Our data do not support IBA and phonon interpretations of these transitional nuclei.

  9. Nuclear Data Evaluation for Mass Chain A=217:Odd-Proton Nuclei

    PubMed Central

    Nafee, Sherif S.; Shaheen, Salem A.; Al-Ramady, Amir M.

    2016-01-01

    Thallium (Tl81217), Bismuth (Bi83217), Astatine (At85217), Francium (Fr87217), Actinium (Ac89217) and Protactinium (Pa91217) are of odd-proton numbers among the mass chain A = 217. In the present work, the half-lives and gamma transitions for the six nuclei have been studied and adopted based on the recently published interactions or unevaluated nuclear data sets XUNDL. The Q (α) has been updated based on the recent published work of the Atomic Mass Evaluation AME2012 as well. Moreover, the total conversion electrons as well as the K-Shell to L-Shell, L-Shell to M-Shell and L-Shell to N-Shell Conversion Electron Ratios have been calculated using BrIcc code v2.3. An updated skeleton decay scheme for each of the above nuclei has been presented here. The decay hindrance factors (HF) calculated using the ALPHAD program, which is available from Brookhaven National Laboratory’s website, have been calculated for the α- decay data sets for 221Fr-, 221Ac- and 221Pa- α-decays. PMID:26761207

  10. Zeno effect in spontaneous decay induced by coupling to an unstable level

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Luis, Alfredo

    2001-09-01

    A metastable atomic level can be rendered unstable in a controllable way by coupling it to a decaying state. In this work we carry out a full dynamical analysis of the Zeno effect in this kind of unstable systems, comparing it to the inhibition of purely coherent Rabi oscillations. Simple and experimentally feasible measuring strategies involving three atomic levels are considered. It is shown that this induced decay is actually an example of a partial Zeno effect so that the observed evolution results from the competition of two Zeno effects. We also show that a three-level scheme can display both coherent, incoherent, and anti-Zeno effects.

  11. Two-body open charm decays of Z{sup +}(4430)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Liu Xiang; Centro de Fisica Teorica, Departamento de Fisica, Universidade de Coimbra, P-3004-516, Coimbra; Zhang Bo

    2008-06-01

    The two-body open charm decays Z{sup +}(4430){yields}D{sup +}D*{sup 0}, D*{sup +}D{sup 0}, D*{sup +}D*{sup 0} occur through the rescattering mechanism and their branching ratios are strongly suppressed if Z{sup +}(4430) is a D{sub 1}D* molecular state. In contrast, Z{sup +}(4430) falls apart into these modes easily with large phase space and they become the main decay modes if Z{sup +}(4430) is a tetraquark state. Experimental search of these two-body open charm modes and the hidden charm mode {chi}{sub cJ}{rho} will help distinguish different theoretical schemes.

  12. Coherent population trapping with a controlled dissipation: applications in optical metrology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nicolas, L.; Delord, T.; Jamonneau, P.; Coto, R.; Maze, J.; Jacques, V.; Hétet, G.

    2018-03-01

    We analyze the properties of a pulsed coherent population trapping protocol that uses a controlled decay from the excited state in a Λ-level scheme. We study this problem analytically and numerically and find regimes where narrow transmission, absorption, or fluorescence spectral lines occur. We then look for optimal frequency measurements using these spectral features by computing the Allan deviation in the presence of ground state decoherence and show that the protocol is on a par with Ramsey-CPT. We discuss possible implementations with ensembles of alkali atoms and single ions and demonstrate that typical pulsed-CPT experiments that are realized on femto-second timescales can be implemented on micro-seconds timescales using this scheme.

  13. aCORN: An experiment to measure the electron-antineutrino correlation coefficient in free neutron decay

    DOE PAGES

    Collett, B.; Bateman, F.; Bauder, W. K.; ...

    2017-08-01

    Here, we describe an apparatus used to measure the electron-antineutrino angular correlation coefficient in free neutron decay. This apparatus employs a novel measurement technique in which the angular correlation is converted into a proton time-of-flight asymmetry that is counted directly, avoiding the need for proton spectroscopy. We present details of the method, apparatus, detectors, data acquisition, and data reduction scheme, along with a discussion of the important systematic effects.

  14. aCORN: An experiment to measure the electron-antineutrino correlation coefficient in free neutron decay

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Collett, B.; Bateman, F.; Bauder, W. K.

    Here, we describe an apparatus used to measure the electron-antineutrino angular correlation coefficient in free neutron decay. This apparatus employs a novel measurement technique in which the angular correlation is converted into a proton time-of-flight asymmetry that is counted directly, avoiding the need for proton spectroscopy. We present details of the method, apparatus, detectors, data acquisition, and data reduction scheme, along with a discussion of the important systematic effects.

  15. aCORN: An experiment to measure the electron-antineutrino correlation coefficient in free neutron decay.

    PubMed

    Collett, B; Bateman, F; Bauder, W K; Byrne, J; Byron, W A; Chen, W; Darius, G; DeAngelis, C; Dewey, M S; Gentile, T R; Hassan, M T; Jones, G L; Komives, A; Laptev, A; Mendenhall, M P; Nico, J S; Noid, G; Park, H; Stephenson, E J; Stern, I; Stockton, K J S; Trull, C; Wietfeldt, F E; Yerozolimsky, B G

    2017-08-01

    We describe an apparatus used to measure the electron-antineutrino angular correlation coefficient in free neutron decay. The apparatus employs a novel measurement technique in which the angular correlation is converted into a proton time-of-flight asymmetry that is counted directly, avoiding the need for proton spectroscopy. Details of the method, apparatus, detectors, data acquisition, and data reduction scheme are presented, along with a discussion of the important systematic effects.

  16. /(3+1)-spectrum of neutrino masses: a chance for LSND?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Peres, O. L. G.; Smirnov, A. Y.

    2001-04-01

    If active to active neutrino transitions are dominant modes of the atmospheric (νμ-->ντ) and the solar neutrino oscillations (νe-->νμ/ντ), as is indicated by recent data, the favoured scheme which accommodates the LSND result - the so-called /(2+2)-scheme - should be discarded. We introduce the parameters ηsatm and ηssun which quantify an involvement of the sterile component in the solar and atmospheric neutrino oscillations. The /(2+2)-scheme predicts ηsatm+ηssun=1 and the experimental proof of deviation from this equality will discriminate the scheme. In this connection the /(3+1)-scheme is revisited in which the fourth (predominantly sterile) neutrino is isolated from a block of three flavour neutrinos by the mass gap Δm2LSND~(0.4-10) eV2. We find that in the /(3+1)-scheme the LSND result can be reconciled with existing bounds on νe- and νμ-disappearance at 95-99% C.L. The generic prediction of the scheme is the νe- and νμ-disappearance probabilities at the level of present experimental bounds. The possibility to strengthen the bound on νμ-disappearance in the KEK - front detector experiment is studied. We consider phenomenology of the /(3+1)-scheme, in particular, its implications for the atmospheric neutrinos, neutrinoless double beta decay searches, supernova neutrinos and primordial nucleosynthesis.

  17. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=150

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Basu, S.K.; Sonzogni, A.A.

    The experimental results from the various reaction and decay studies leading to nuclides in the A=150 mass chain have been reviewed. These data are summarized and presented, together with the adopted level schemes and properties, for the nuclides from Cs(Z=55) through Lu(Z=71). This evaluation replaces the previous evaluation by E. der Mateosian and J. K. Tuli (1995De28), which appeared in Nuclear Data Sheets 75, 827 (1995)

  18. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=150

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Basu, S. K.; Sonzogni, A. A.

    2013-04-01

    The experimental results from the various reaction and decay studies leading to nuclides in the A=150 mass chain have been reviewed. These data are summarized and presented, together with the adopted level schemes and properties, for the nuclides from Cs(Z=55) through Lu(Z=71). This evaluation replaces the previous evaluation by E. der Mateosian and J. K. Tuli (1995De28), which appeared in Nuclear Data Sheets 75, 827 (1995).

  19. Selective protected state preparation of coupled dissipative quantum emitters

    PubMed Central

    Plankensteiner, D.; Ostermann, L.; Ritsch, H.; Genes, C.

    2015-01-01

    Inherent binary or collective interactions in ensembles of quantum emitters induce a spread in the energy and lifetime of their eigenstates. While this typically causes fast decay and dephasing, in many cases certain special entangled collective states with minimal decay can be found, which possess ideal properties for spectroscopy, precision measurements or information storage. We show that for a specific choice of laser frequency, power and geometry or a suitable configuration of control fields one can efficiently prepare these states. We demonstrate this by studying preparation schemes for strongly subradiant entangled states of a chain of dipole-dipole coupled emitters. The prepared state fidelity and its entanglement depth is further improved via spatial excitation phase engineering or tailored magnetic fields. PMID:26549501

  20. β-delayed p-decay of proton-rich nuclei ^23Al and ^31Cl and explosive H-burning in novae

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Trache, L.; Banu, A.; Hardy, J. C.; McCleskey, M.; Simmons, E.; Tabacaru, G.; Tribble, R. E.; Aysto, J.; Jokinen, A.; Saastamoinen, A.; Davinson, T.; Woods, P. J.; Achouri, L.; Roeder, B.

    2008-10-01

    We developed a technique to measure β-delayed proton-decay of proton-rich nuclei produced and separated with MARS at TAMU. In particular, we studied the decay of ^23Al and ^31Cl, both important for understanding explosive H-burning in novae. We have pulsed the beam, implanting the source nuclei moving at about 40 MeV/u in a thin Si strip detector, and then measured β-p and β-γ coincidences simultaneously. The states populated above the proton threshold in ^23Mg and ^31S, respectively, may proton decay. They are resonances in the reaction ^22Na(p,γ)^23Mg (crucial for the depletion of ^22Na in ONe novae) and in ^30P(p,γ)^31S (critical point in explosive H-burning in novae), but the protons emitted have very low energies, starting at about 200 keV, an experimental challenge. The setup and the results are described. The β-decay schemes were established for both nuclei, and IAS identified. The technique has shown a remarkable selectivity to β-delayed charged particle emission and shown to work even at radioactive beam rates of a few pps, for rare isotopes with lifetimes as low as 10s msec.

  1. Probabilistic Cloning of two Single-Atom States via Thermal Cavity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rui, Pin-Shu; Liu, Dao-Jun

    2016-12-01

    We propose a cavity QED scheme for implementing the 1 → 2 probabilistic quantum cloning (PQC) of two single-atom states. In our scheme, after the to-be-cloned atom and the assistant atom passing through the first cavity, a measurement is carried out on the assistant atom. Based on the measurement outcome we can judge whether the PQC should be continued. If the cloning fails, the other operations are omitted. This makes our scheme economical. If the PQC is continued (with the optimal probability) according to the measurement outcome, two more cavities and some unitary operations are used for achieving the PQC in a deterministic way. Our scheme is insensitive to the decays of the cavities and the atoms.

  2. On the Modeling of Shells in Multibody Dynamics

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bauchau, Olivier A.; Choi, Jou-Young; Bottasso, Carlo L.

    2000-01-01

    Energy preserving/decaying schemes are presented for the simulation of the nonlinear multibody systems involving shell components. The proposed schemes are designed to meet four specific requirements: unconditional nonlinear stability of the scheme, a rigorous treatment of both geometric and material nonlinearities, exact satisfaction of the constraints, and the presence of high frequency numerical dissipation. The kinematic nonlinearities associated with arbitrarily large displacements and rotations of shells are treated in a rigorous manner, and the material nonlinearities can be handled when the, constitutive laws stem from the existence of a strain energy density function. The efficiency and robustness of the proposed approach is illustrated with specific numerical examples that also demonstrate the need for integration schemes possessing high frequency numerical dissipation.

  3. Consistent parameter fixing in the quark-meson model with vacuum fluctuations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carignano, Stefano; Buballa, Michael; Elkamhawy, Wael

    2016-08-01

    We revisit the renormalization prescription for the quark-meson model in an extended mean-field approximation, where vacuum quark fluctuations are included. At a given cutoff scale the model parameters are fixed by fitting vacuum quantities, typically including the sigma-meson mass mσ and the pion decay constant fπ. In most publications the latter is identified with the expectation value of the sigma field, while for mσ the curvature mass is taken. When quark loops are included, this prescription is however inconsistent, and the correct identification involves the renormalized pion decay constant and the sigma pole mass. In the present article we investigate the influence of the parameter-fixing scheme on the phase structure of the model at finite temperature and chemical potential. Despite large differences between the model parameters in the two schemes, we find that in homogeneous matter the effect on the phase diagram is relatively small. For inhomogeneous phases, on the other hand, the choice of the proper renormalization prescription is crucial. In particular, we show that if renormalization effects on the pion decay constant are not considered, the model does not even present a well-defined renormalized limit when the cutoff is sent to infinity.

  4. Isospin breaking effects in the anomalous processes with vector mesons

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hashimoto, Michio

    1996-02-01

    We introduce isospin/ SU(3) breaking terms in the anomalous WP coupling in the hidden local symmetry scheme without affecting the low-energy theorem. It is shown that the predictions from these terms coincide successfully with all the experimental data of anomalous decays. It is also predicted that the decay widths of ϱ0 → π0γ and f → η‧γ are 114 ± 7 keV and 0.55 ± 0.055 keV, respectively.

  5. Higgs boson decay into b-quarks at NNLO accuracy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Del Duca, Vittorio; Duhr, Claude; Somogyi, Gábor; Tramontano, Francesco; Trócsányi, Zoltán

    2015-04-01

    We compute the fully differential decay rate of the Standard Model Higgs boson into b-quarks at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy in αs. We employ a general subtraction scheme developed for the calculation of higher order perturbative corrections to QCD jet cross sections, which is based on the universal infrared factorization properties of QCD squared matrix elements. We show that the subtractions render the various contributions to the NNLO correction finite. In particular, we demonstrate analytically that the sum of integrated subtraction terms correctly reproduces the infrared poles of the two-loop double virtual contribution to this process. We present illustrative differential distributions obtained by implementing the method in a parton level Monte Carlo program. The basic ingredients of our subtraction scheme, used here for the first time to compute a physical observable, are universal and can be employed for the computation of more involved processes.

  6. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=217

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kondev, F. G.; McCutchan, E. A.; Singh, B.

    The evaluated spectroscopic data are presented for 12 known nuclides with A=217 (Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Rn, Fr, Ra, Ac, Th, Pa, U). For Tl-217, Pb-217, Pa-217, and U-217 nuclei, only information on the ground state is available. Levels in Bi-217 are known only from isomer decay following fragmentation reaction and those in At-217 and Rn-217 only from the a decay of Fr-221 and Ra-221, respectively. High spin levels in Ra-217 are mainly from 1987SuZY and 2011MuZZ which are a lab report and thesis, respectively. Due to differences between these studies, further experimental study is needed to firmly establishmore » the level scheme.This evaluation was carried out as part of a joint IAEA-ICTP workshop for Nuclear Structure and Decay Data, organized and hosted by the IAEA, Vienna and ICTP, Trieste, Aug 22 to Sept 2 2016. The evaluation work was coordinated by E.A. McCutchan (BNL). This work supersedes the previous previous A=217 evaluation (2003Ak06) by Y.A. Akovali.« less

  7. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=217

    DOE PAGES

    Kondev, F. G.; McCutchan, E. A.; Singh, B.; ...

    2018-01-17

    The evaluated spectroscopic data are presented in this paper for 12 known nuclides with A=217 (Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Rn, Fr, Ra, Ac, Th, Pa, U). For 217Tl, 217Pb, 217Pa, and 217U nuclei, only information on the ground state is available. Levels in 217Bi are known only from isomer decay following fragmentation reaction and those in 217At and 217Rn only from the α decay of 221Fr and 221Ra, respectively. High spin levels in 217Ra are mainly from 1987SuZY and 2011MuZZ which are a lab report and thesis, respectively. Due to differences between these studies, further experimental study is neededmore » to firmly establish the level scheme. This evaluation was carried out as part of a joint IAEA-ICTP workshop for Nuclear Structure and Decay Data, organized and hosted by the IAEA, Vienna and ICTP, Trieste, Aug 22 to Sept 2 2016. The evaluation work was coordinated by E.A. McCutchan (BNL). Finally, this work supersedes the previous previous A=217 evaluation (2003Ak06) by Y.A. Akovali.« less

  8. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=217

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kondev, F. G.; McCutchan, E. A.; Singh, B.; Banerjee, K.; Bhattacharya, S.; Chakraborty, A.; Garg, S.; Jovancevic, N.; Kumar, S.; Rathi, S. K.; Roy, T.; Lee, J.; Shearman, R.

    2018-01-01

    The evaluated spectroscopic data are presented for 12 known nuclides with A=217 (Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Rn, Fr, Ra, Ac, Th, Pa, U). For 217Tl, 217Pb, 217Pa, and 217U nuclei, only information on the ground state is available. Levels in 217Bi are known only from isomer decay following fragmentation reaction and those in 217At and 217Rn only from the α decay of 221Fr and 221Ra, respectively. High spin levels in 217Ra are mainly from 1987SuZY and 2011MuZZ which are a lab report and thesis, respectively. Due to differences between these studies, further experimental study is needed to firmly establish the level scheme. This evaluation was carried out as part of a joint IAEA-ICTP workshop for Nuclear Structure and Decay Data, organized and hosted by the IAEA, Vienna and ICTP, Trieste, Aug 22 to Sept 2 2016. The evaluation work was coordinated by E.A. McCutchan (BNL). This work supersedes the previous previous A=217 evaluation (2003Ak06) by Y.A. Akovali.

  9. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=217

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kondev, F. G.; McCutchan, E. A.; Singh, B.

    The evaluated spectroscopic data are presented in this paper for 12 known nuclides with A=217 (Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Rn, Fr, Ra, Ac, Th, Pa, U). For 217Tl, 217Pb, 217Pa, and 217U nuclei, only information on the ground state is available. Levels in 217Bi are known only from isomer decay following fragmentation reaction and those in 217At and 217Rn only from the α decay of 221Fr and 221Ra, respectively. High spin levels in 217Ra are mainly from 1987SuZY and 2011MuZZ which are a lab report and thesis, respectively. Due to differences between these studies, further experimental study is neededmore » to firmly establish the level scheme. This evaluation was carried out as part of a joint IAEA-ICTP workshop for Nuclear Structure and Decay Data, organized and hosted by the IAEA, Vienna and ICTP, Trieste, Aug 22 to Sept 2 2016. The evaluation work was coordinated by E.A. McCutchan (BNL). Finally, this work supersedes the previous previous A=217 evaluation (2003Ak06) by Y.A. Akovali.« less

  10. Realizing a partial general quantum cloning machine with superconducting quantum-interference devices in a cavity QED

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fang, Bao-Long; Yang, Zhen; Ye, Liu

    2009-05-01

    We propose a scheme for implementing a partial general quantum cloning machine with superconducting quantum-interference devices coupled to a nonresonant cavity. By regulating the time parameters, our system can perform optimal symmetric (asymmetric) universal quantum cloning, optimal symmetric (asymmetric) phase-covariant cloning, and optimal symmetric economical phase-covariant cloning. In the scheme the cavity is only virtually excited, thus, the cavity decay is suppressed during the cloning operations.

  11. A search for the top and b‧ quarks in hadronic Z 0 decays

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Akrawy, M. Z.; Alexander, G.; Allison, J.; Allport, P. P.; Anderson, K. J.; Armitage, J. C.; Arnison, G. T. J.; Ashton, P.; Azuelos, G.; Baines, J. T. M.; Ball, A. H.; Banks, J.; Barker, G. J.; Barlow, R. J.; Batley, J. R.; Bavaria, G.; Beard, C.; Beck, F.; Bell, K. W.; Bella, G.; Bethke, S.; Biebel, O.; Bloodworth, I. J.; Bock, P.; Boerner, H.; Breuker, H.; Brown, R. M.; Brun, R.; Buijs, A.; Burchart, H. J.; Capiluppi, P.; Carnegie, R. K.; Carter, A. A.; Carter, J. R.; Chang, C. Y.; Charlton, D. G.; Chrin, J. T. M.; Cohen, I.; Conboy, J. E.; Couch, M.; Coupland, M.; Cuffiani, M.; Dado, S.; Dallavalle, G. M.; Davies, O. W.; Deninno, M. M.; Dieckmann, A.; Dittmar, M.; Dixit, M. S.; Duchesneau, D.; Duchovni, E.; Duerdoth, I. P.; Dumas, D.; El Mamouni, H.; Elcombe, P. A.; Estabrooks, P. G.; Fabbri, F.; Farthouat, P.; Fischer, H. M.; Fong, D. G.; French, M. T.; Fukunaga, C.; Gandois, B.; Ganel, O.; Gary, J. W.; Geddes, N. I.; Gee, C. N. P.; Geich-Gimbel, C.; Gensler, S. W.; Gentit, F. X.; Giacomelli, G.; Gibson, W. R.; Gillies, J. D.; Goldberg, J.; Goodrick, M. J.; Gorn, W.; Granite, D.; Gross, E.; Grosse-Wiesmann, P.; Grunhaus, J.; Hagedorn, H.; Hagemann, J.; Hansroul, M.; Hargrove, C. K.; Hart, J.; Hattersley, P. M.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Hauschild, M.; Hawkes, C. M.; Heflin, E.; Heintze, J.; Hemingway, R. J.; Heuer, R. D.; Hill, J. C.; Hillier, S. J.; Hinde, P. S.; Ho, C.; Hobbs, J. D.; Hobson, P. R.; Hochman, D.; Holl, B.; Homer, R. J.; Hou, S. R.; Howarth, C. P.; Hughes-Jones, R. E.; Igo-Kemenes, P.; Imori, M.; Imrie, D. C.; Jawahery, A.; Jeffreys, P. W.; Jeremie, H.; Jimack, M.; Jin, E.; Jobes, M.; Jones, R. W. L.; Jovanovic, P.; Karlen, D.; Kawagoe, K.; Kawamoto, T.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kennedy, B. W.; Kleinwort, C.; Klem, D. E.; Knop, G.; Kobayashi, T.; Köpke, L.; Kokott, T. P.; Koshiba, M.; Kowalewski, R.; Kreutzmann, H.; Von Krogh, J.; Kroll, J.; Kyberd, P.; Lafferty, G. D.; Lamarche, F.; Larson, W. J.; Lasota, M. M. B.; Layter, J. G.; Le Du, P.; Leblanc, P.; Lellouch, D.; Lennert, P.; Lessard, L.; Levinson, L.; Lloyd, S. L.; Loebinger, F. K.; Lorah, J. M.; Lorazo, B.; Losty, M. J.; Ludwig, J.; Lupu, N.; Ma, J.; Macbeth, A. A.; Mannelli, M.; Marcellini, S.; Maringer, G.; Martin, J. P.; Mashimo, T.; Mättig, P.; Maur, U.; McMahon, T. J.; McPherson, A. C.; Meijers, F.; Menszner, D.; Merritt, F. S.; Mes, H.; Michelini, A.; Middleton, R. P.; Mikenberg, G.; Miller, D. J.; Milstene, C.; Minowa, M.; Mohr, W.; Montanari, A.; Mori, T.; Moss, M. W.; Muller, A.; Murphy, P. G.; Murray, W. J.; Nellen, B.; Nguyen, H. H.; Nozaki, M.; O'Dowd, A. J. P.; O'Neale, S. W.; O'Neill, B.; Oakham, F. G.; Odorici, F.; Ogg, M.; Oh, H.; Oreglia, M. J.; Orito, S.; Patrick, G. N.; Pawley, S. J.; Perez, A.; Pilcher, J. E.; Pinfold, J. L.; Plane, D. E.; Poli, B.; Possoz, A.; Pouladdej, A.; Pritchard, T. W.; Quast, G.; Raab, J.; Redmond, M. W.; Rees, D. L.; Regimbald, M.; Riles, K.; Roach, C. M.; Roehner, F.; Rollnik, A.; Roney, J. M.; Rossi, A. M.; Routenburg, P.; Runge, K.; Runolfsson, O.; Sanghera, S.; Sansum, R. A.; Sasaki, M.; Saunders, B. J.; Schaile, A. D.; Schaile, O.; Schappert, W.; Scharff-Hansen, P.; Von Der Schmitt, H.; Schreiber, S.; Schwarz, J.; Shapira, A.; Shen, B. C.; Sherwood, P.; Simon, A.; Siroli, G. P.; Skuja, A.; Smith, A. M.; Smith, T. J.; Snow, G. A.; Spreadbury, E. J.; Springer, R. W.; Sproston, M.; Stephens, K.; Stier, H. E.; Ströhmer, R.; Strom, D.; Takeda, H.; Takeshita, T.; Tsukamoto, T.; Turner, M. F.; Tysarczyk, G.; Van Den Plas, D.; Vandalen, G. J.; Virtue, C. J.; Wagner, A.; Wahl, C.; Wang, H.; Ward, C. P.; Ward, D. R.; Waterhouse, J.; Watkins, P. M.; Watson, A. T.; Watson, N. K.; Weber, M.; Weisz, S.; Wermes, N.; Weymann, M.; Wilson, G. W.; Wilson, J. A.; Wingerter, I.; Winterer, V.-H.; Wood, N. C.; Wotton, S.; Wuensch, B.; Wyatt, T. R.; Yaari, R.; Yamashita, H.; Yang, Y.; Yekutieli, G.; Zeuner, W.; Zorn, G. T.; Zylberajch, S.; OPAL Collaboration

    1990-02-01

    We report on a search for new quarks in hadronic Z° decays. From the event shape analysis of a data sample containing 2185 multihadronic annihilation events, we observe no evidence for the top or b' quarks. We derive limits for the top and b' quark masses under the assumption of various possible standard model and non-standard model decay schemes. Our search is sensitive to quark masses larger than 23 GeV/ c2; it yields the following lower limits at a 95% confidence level: 44.5 GeV/ c2 for the top quark mass and 45.2 GeV/ c2 for the b‧ quark mass.

  12. Method of self-consistent evaluation of absolute emission probabilities of particles and gamma rays

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Badikov, Sergei; Chechev, Valery

    2017-09-01

    In assumption of well installed decay scheme the method provides a) exact balance relationships, b) lower (compared to the traditional techniques) uncertainties of recommended absolute emission probabilities of particles and gamma rays, c) evaluation of correlations between the recommended emission probabilities (for the same and different decay modes). Application of the method for the decay data evaluation for even curium isotopes led to paradoxical results. The multidimensional confidence regions for the probabilities of the most intensive alpha transitions constructed on the basis of present and the ENDF/B-VII.1, JEFF-3.1, DDEP evaluations are inconsistent whereas the confidence intervals for the evaluated probabilities of single transitions agree with each other.

  13. Implementation of a turbulent orographic form drag scheme in WRF and its application to the Tibetan Plateau

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhou, Xu; Yang, Kun; Wang, Yan

    2018-04-01

    Sub-grid-scale orographic variation (smaller than 5 km) exerts turbulent form drag on atmospheric flows and significantly retards the wind speed. The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) includes a turbulent orographic form drag (TOFD) scheme that adds the drag to the surface layer. In this study, another TOFD scheme has been incorporated in WRF3.7, which exerts an exponentially decaying drag from the surface layer to upper layers. To investigate the effect of the new scheme, WRF with the old scheme and with the new one was used to simulate the climate over the complex terrain of the Tibetan Plateau from May to October 2010. The two schemes were evaluated in terms of the direct impact (on wind fields) and the indirect impact (on air temperature and precipitation). The new TOFD scheme alleviates the mean bias in the surface wind components, and clearly reduces the root mean square error (RMSEs) in seasonal mean wind speed (from 1.10 to 0.76 m s-1), when referring to the station observations. Furthermore, the new TOFD scheme also generally improves the simulation of wind profile, as characterized by smaller biases and RMSEs than the old one when referring to radio sounding data. Meanwhile, the simulated precipitation with the new scheme is improved, with reduced mean bias (from 1.34 to 1.12 mm day-1) and RMSEs, which is due to the weakening of water vapor flux at low-level atmosphere with the new scheme when crossing the Himalayan Mountains. However, the simulation of 2-m air temperature is little improved.

  14. Active control of the lifetime of excited resonance states by means of laser pulses.

    PubMed

    García-Vela, A

    2012-04-07

    Quantum control of the lifetime of a system in an excited resonance state is investigated theoretically by creating coherent superpositions of overlapping resonances. This control scheme exploits the quantum interference occurring between the overlapping resonances, which can be controlled by varying the width of the laser pulse that creates the superposition state. The scheme is applied to a realistic model of the Br(2)(B)-Ne predissociation decay dynamics through a three-dimensional wave packet method. It is shown that extensive control of the system lifetime is achievable, both enhancing and damping it remarkably. An experimental realization of the control scheme is suggested.

  15. Comprehending isospin breaking effects of X (3872 ) in a Friedrichs-model-like scheme

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhou, Zhi-Yong; Xiao, Zhiguang

    2018-02-01

    Recently, we have shown that the X (3872 ) state can be naturally generated as a bound state by incorporating the hadron interactions into the Godfrey-Isgur quark model using a Friedrichs-like model combined with the quark pair creation model, in which the wave function for the X (3872 ) as a combination of the bare c c ¯ state and the continuum states can also be obtained. Under this scheme, we now investigate the isospin-breaking effect of X (3872 ) in its decays to J /ψ π+π- and J /ψ π+π-π0. By coupling its dominant continuum parts to J /ψ ρ and J /ψ ω through the quark rearrangement process, one could obtain the reasonable ratio of B (X (3872 )→J /ψ π+π-π0)/B (X (3872 )→J /ψ π+π-)≃ (0.58 - 0.92 ) . It is also shown that the D ¯D* invariant mass distributions in the B →D ¯D*K decays could be understood qualitatively at the same time. This scheme may provide more insight into the enigmatic nature of the X (3872 ) state.

  16. Shape Transitional Nuclei: What can we learn from the Yrare States? or Hello the Double Vacuum; Goodbye {beta}-vibrations{exclamation_point}

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sharpey-Schafer, J. F.; University of Zululand, Department of Physics and Engineering, P/B X1001, Kwa Dlangezwa, ZA-3886; iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences, PO Box 722, Somerset-West, ZA-7129

    The results of our measurements on the yrare states up to spin 20({Dirac_h}/2{pi}) in {sup 152,154,155}Gd, using ({alpha},xn) reactions and the AFRODITE {gamma}-ray spectrometer, are presented. We find that in {sup 155}Gd the decay scheme is divided into levels feeding the [505]11/2{sup -} band, that is extruded by the prolate deformation from the h{sub 11/2} orbital, and levels feeding the i{sub 13/2}[651]3/2{sup +} intruder orbital and the h{sub 9/2}[521]3/2{sup -} orbital. The decay scheme of {sup 154}Gd is very complex. We find no evidence for the existence of {beta}-vibrational levels below 1.5 MeV. We discover that the level scheme canmore » be best understood as a set of collective states built on the ground state configuration |0{sub 1}{sup +}> plus a 'congruent' set of collective states based on the |0{sub 2}{sup +}> state at 681 keV. The data suggest that this second vacuum has reduced pairing. Our data do not support IBA and phonon interpretations of these transitional nuclei.« less

  17. Efficient full decay inversion of MRS data with a stretched-exponential approximation of the ? distribution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Behroozmand, Ahmad A.; Auken, Esben; Fiandaca, Gianluca; Christiansen, Anders Vest; Christensen, Niels B.

    2012-08-01

    We present a new, efficient and accurate forward modelling and inversion scheme for magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) data. MRS, also called surface-nuclear magnetic resonance (surface-NMR), is the only non-invasive geophysical technique that directly detects free water in the subsurface. Based on the physical principle of NMR, protons of the water molecules in the subsurface are excited at a specific frequency, and the superposition of signals from all protons within the excited earth volume is measured to estimate the subsurface water content and other hydrological parameters. In this paper, a new inversion scheme is presented in which the entire data set is used, and multi-exponential behaviour of the NMR signal is approximated by the simple stretched-exponential approach. Compared to the mono-exponential interpretation of the decaying NMR signal, we introduce a single extra parameter, the stretching exponent, which helps describe the porosity in terms of a single relaxation time parameter, and helps to determine correct initial amplitude and relaxation time of the signal. Moreover, compared to a multi-exponential interpretation of the MRS data, the decay behaviour is approximated with considerably fewer parameters. The forward response is calculated in an efficient numerical manner in terms of magnetic field calculation, discretization and integration schemes, which allows fast computation while maintaining accuracy. A piecewise linear transmitter loop is considered for electromagnetic modelling of conductivities in the layered half-space providing electromagnetic modelling of arbitrary loop shapes. The decaying signal is integrated over time windows, called gates, which increases the signal-to-noise ratio, particularly at late times, and the data vector is described with a minimum number of samples, that is, gates. The accuracy of the forward response is investigated by comparing a MRS forward response with responses from three other approaches outlining significant differences between the three approaches. All together, a full MRS forward response is calculated in about 20 s and scales so that on 10 processors the calculation time is reduced to about 3-4 s. The proposed approach is examined through synthetic data and through a field example, which demonstrate the capability of the scheme. The results of the field example agree well the information from an in-site borehole.

  18. Formation of the stimulated electromagnetic emission spectra near gyroharmonics for quasi-stationary and decaying striations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Grach, Savely; Norin, Lars; Sergeev, Evgeny; Thide, Bo; Leyser, Thomas

    We present new results of the analysis of the stimulated electromagnetic emission (SEE) measurements performed with special diagnostic HF-pumping scheme, for pump wave frequencies f0 close to a multiple of the electron gyroharmonic nfce , n = 4, 5. The pumping scheme used was an alternation of quasi-continuous pumping (˜ 100-200 ms on, ˜ 20-30 ms off) during a few tens of seconds, and low duty cycle radiation (pulse duration 20-500 ms with 1-3 s interpulse period). The main attention is paid to the following: (i) The development of some spectral features of the SEE, such as the downshifted maximum (DM), the second downshifted maximum (2DM), the upshifted maximum (UM) and the broad upshifted maximum (BUM) in a preconditioned ionosphere such that stationary small-scale magnetic field-aligned irregularities (striations) are already present. In particular, we characterize a fast (3-15 ms) overshoot in the DM, 2DM and UM, and we study the properties of a transient BUM with a maximum intensity for 18 kHz < f - f0 < 25 kHz and the same lower cutoff at f - f0 ≈ 14 kHz as the stationary BUM. The transient BUM vanishes after 5 to 10 ms of the pump turn-on and does not reappear. (ii) The formation of SEE features caused by the pump wave after the transition to low duty cycle pumping (i.e. on the background of decaying striations). In particular we note, that the BUM growths exponentially with a characteristic time ˜ 15 ms while the DM grows much faster and later exhibits slower dynamics. (iii) A slow (from pulse to pulse) temporal evolution of the SEE after the changing the pump scheme to a low duty cycle pulse mode. We note a disappearance of the transient BUM 1-2 s after the change of pump scheme and we observe an overshoot of the DM and (part of) the BUM. Higher frequency components of the BUM decays much faster than its lower frequencies. The results allow us to investigate ponderomotive processes responsible for the formation of upper hybrid turbulence in the HP-pumped ionosphere and the comparative contribution of the striations with different scales to the generation of different SEE spectral components. The work was supported by the RFBR (grants No. 06-02-17334, 07-02-00464).

  19. Beta decay of the fission product 125Sb and a new complete evaluation of absolute gamma ray transition intensities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rajput, M. U.; Ali, N.; Hussain, S.; Mujahid, S. A.; MacMahon, D.

    2012-04-01

    The radionuclide 125Sb is a long-lived fission product, which decays to 125Te by negative beta emission with a half-life of 1008 day. The beta decay is followed by the emission of several gamma radiations, ranging from low to medium energy, that can suitably be used for high-resolution detector calibrations, decay heat calculations and in many other applications. In this work, the beta decay of 125Sb has been studied in detail. The complete published experimental data of relative gamma ray intensities in the beta decay of the radionuclide 125Sb has been compiled. The consistency analysis was performed and discrepancies found at several gamma ray energies. Evaluation of the discrepant data was carried out using Normalized Residual and RAJEVAL methods. The decay scheme balance was carried out using beta branching ratios, internal conversion coefficients, populating and depopulating gamma transitions to 125Te levels. The work has resulted in the consistent conversion factor equal to 29.59(13) %, and determined a new evaluated set of the absolute gamma ray emission probabilities. The work has also shown 22.99% of the delayed intensity fraction as outgoing from the 58 d isomeric 144 keV energy level and 77.01% of the prompt intensity fraction reaching to the ground state from the other excited states. The results are discussed and compared with previous evaluations. The present work includes additional experimental data sets which were not included in the previous evaluations. A new set of recommended relative and absolute gamma ray emission probabilities is presented.

  20. Fast implementation of the 1\\rightarrow3 orbital state quantum cloning machine

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lin, Jin-Zhong

    2018-05-01

    We present a scheme to implement a 1→3 orbital state quantum cloning machine assisted by quantum Zeno dynamics. By constructing shortcuts to adiabatic passage with transitionless quantum driving, we can complete this scheme effectively and quickly in one step. The effects of decoherence, including spontaneous emission and the decay of the cavity, are also discussed. The numerical simulation results show that high fidelity can be obtained and the feasibility analysis indicates that this can also be realized in experiments.

  1. Collisional Processes Probed by using Resonant Four-Wave Mixing Spectroscopy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McCormack, E. F.; Stampanoni, A.; Hemmerling, B.

    2000-06-01

    Collisionally-induced decay processes in excited-state nitric oxide (NO) have been measured by using time-resolved two-color, resonant four-wave mixing (TC-RFWM) spectroscopy and polarization spectroscopy (PS). Markedly different time dependencies were observed in the data obtained by using TC-RFWM when compared to PS. Oscillations in the PS signal as a function of delay between the pump and probe laser pulses were observed and it was determined that their characteristics depend very sensitively on laser polarization. Analysis reveals that the oscillations in the decay curves are due to coherent excitation of unresolved hyperfine structure in the A state of NO. A comparison of beat frequencies obtained by taking Fourier transforms of the time data to the predicted hyperfine structure of the A state support this explanation. Further, based on a time-dependent model of PS as a FWM process, the signal’s dependence as a function of time on polarization configuration and excitation scheme can be predicted. By using the beat frequency values, fits of the model results to experimental decay curves for different pressures allows a study of the quenching rate in the A state due to collisional processes. A comparison of the PS data to laser-induced fluorescence decay measurements reveals different decay rates which suggests that the PS signal decay depends on the orientation and alignment of the excited molecules. The different behavior of the decay curves obtained by using TC-RFWM and PS can be understood in terms of the various contributions to the decay as described by the model and this has a direct bearing on which technique is preferable for a given set of experimental parameters.

  2. On high b diffusion imaging in the human brain: ruminations and experimental insights.

    PubMed

    Mulkern, Robert V; Haker, Steven J; Maier, Stephan E

    2009-10-01

    Interest in the manner in which brain tissue signal decays with b factor in diffusion imaging schemes has grown in recent years following the observation that the decay curves depart from purely monoexponential decay behavior. Regardless of the model or fitting function proposed for characterizing sufficiently sampled decay curves (vide infra), the departure from monoexponentiality spells increased tissue characterization potential. The degree to which this potential can be harnessed to improve specificity, sensitivity and spatial localization of diseases in brain, and other tissues, largely remains to be explored. Furthermore, the degree to which currently popular diffusion tensor imaging methods, including visually impressive white matter fiber "tractography" results, have almost completely ignored the nonmonoexponential nature of the basic signal decay with b factor is worthy of communal introspection. Here we limit our attention to a review of the basic experimental features associated with brain water signal diffusion decay curves as measured over extended b-factor ranges, the simple few parameter fitting functions that have been proposed to characterize these decays and the more involved models, e.g.,"ruminations," which have been proposed to account for the nonmonoexponentiality to date.

  3. On high b diffusion imaging in the human brain: ruminations and experimental insights✩

    PubMed Central

    Mulkern, Robert V.; Haker, Steven J.; Maier, Stephan E.

    2010-01-01

    Interest in the manner in which brain tissue signal decays with b factor in diffusion imaging schemes has grown in recent years following the observation that the decay curves depart from purely monoexponential decay behavior. Regardless of the model or fitting function proposed for characterizing sufficiently sampled decay curves (vide infra), the departure from monoexponentiality spells increased tissue characterization potential. The degree to which this potential can be harnessed to improve specificity, sensitivity and spatial localization of diseases in brain, and other tissues, largely remains to be explored. Furthermore, the degree to which currently popular diffusion tensor imaging methods, including visually impressive white matter fiber “tractography” results, have almost completely ignored the nonmonoexponential nature of the basic signal decay with b factor is worthy of communal introspection. Here we limit our attention to a review of the basic experimental features associated with brain water signal diffusion decay curves as measured over extended b-factor ranges, the simple few parameter fitting functions that have been proposed to characterize these decays and the more involved models, e.g.,“ruminations,” which have been proposed to account for the nonmonoexponentiality to date. PMID:19520535

  4. Failure of the gross theory of beta decay in neutron deficient nuclei

    DOE PAGES

    Firestone, R. B.; Schwengner, R.; Zuber, K.

    2015-05-28

    The neutron deficient isotopes 117-121Xe, 117-124Cs, and 122-124Ba were produced by a beam of 28Si from the LBNL SuperHILAC on a target of natMo. The isotopes were mass separated and their beta decay schemes were measured with a Total Absorption Spectrometer (TAS). The beta strengths derived from these data decreased dramatically to levels above ≈1 MeV for the even-even decays; 3–4 MeV for even-Z, odd-N decays; 4–5 MeV for the odd-Z, even-N decays; and 7–8 MeV for the odd-Z, odd-N decays. The decreasing strength to higher excitation energies in the daughters contradicts the predictions of the Gross Theory of Betamore » Decay. The integrated beta strengths are instead found to be consistent with shell model predictions where the single-particle beta strengths are divided amoung many low-lying levels. The experimental beta strengths determined here have been used calculate the half-lives of 143 neutron deficient nuclei with Z=51–64 to a precision of 20% with respect to the measured values.« less

  5. Generation of steady entanglement via unilateral qubit driving in bad cavities.

    PubMed

    Jin, Zhao; Su, Shi-Lei; Zhu, Ai-Dong; Wang, Hong-Fu; Shen, Li-Tuo; Zhang, Shou

    2017-12-15

    We propose a scheme for generating an entangled state for two atoms trapped in two separate cavities coupled to each other. The scheme is based on the competition between the unitary dynamics induced by the classical fields and the collective decays induced by the dissipation of two non-local bosonic modes. In this scheme, only one qubit is driven by external classical fields, whereas the other need not be manipulated via classical driving. This is meaningful for experimental implementation between separate nodes of a quantum network. The steady entanglement can be obtained regardless of the initial state, and the robustness of the scheme against parameter fluctuations is numerically demonstrated. We also give an analytical derivation of the stationary fidelity to enable a discussion of the validity of this regime. Furthermore, based on the dissipative entanglement preparation scheme, we construct a quantum state transfer setup with multiple nodes as a practical application.

  6. Controllable high-fidelity quantum state transfer and entanglement generation in circuit QED.

    PubMed

    Xu, Peng; Yang, Xu-Chen; Mei, Feng; Xue, Zheng-Yuan

    2016-01-25

    We propose a scheme to realize controllable quantum state transfer and entanglement generation among transmon qubits in the typical circuit QED setup based on adiabatic passage. Through designing the time-dependent driven pulses applied on the transmon qubits, we find that fast quantum sate transfer can be achieved between arbitrary two qubits and quantum entanglement among the qubits also can also be engineered. Furthermore, we numerically analyzed the influence of the decoherence on our scheme with the current experimental accessible systematical parameters. The result shows that our scheme is very robust against both the cavity decay and qubit relaxation, the fidelities of the state transfer and entanglement preparation process could be very high. In addition, our scheme is also shown to be insensitive to the inhomogeneous of qubit-resonator coupling strengths.

  7. Knowledge-based nonuniform sampling in multidimensional NMR.

    PubMed

    Schuyler, Adam D; Maciejewski, Mark W; Arthanari, Haribabu; Hoch, Jeffrey C

    2011-07-01

    The full resolution afforded by high-field magnets is rarely realized in the indirect dimensions of multidimensional NMR experiments because of the time cost of uniformly sampling to long evolution times. Emerging methods utilizing nonuniform sampling (NUS) enable high resolution along indirect dimensions by sampling long evolution times without sampling at every multiple of the Nyquist sampling interval. While the earliest NUS approaches matched the decay of sampling density to the decay of the signal envelope, recent approaches based on coupled evolution times attempt to optimize sampling by choosing projection angles that increase the likelihood of resolving closely-spaced resonances. These approaches employ knowledge about chemical shifts to predict optimal projection angles, whereas prior applications of tailored sampling employed only knowledge of the decay rate. In this work we adapt the matched filter approach as a general strategy for knowledge-based nonuniform sampling that can exploit prior knowledge about chemical shifts and is not restricted to sampling projections. Based on several measures of performance, we find that exponentially weighted random sampling (envelope matched sampling) performs better than shift-based sampling (beat matched sampling). While shift-based sampling can yield small advantages in sensitivity, the gains are generally outweighed by diminished robustness. Our observation that more robust sampling schemes are only slightly less sensitive than schemes highly optimized using prior knowledge about chemical shifts has broad implications for any multidimensional NMR study employing NUS. The results derived from simulated data are demonstrated with a sample application to PfPMT, the phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.

  8. Velocity and stress autocorrelation decay in isothermal dissipative particle dynamics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chaudhri, Anuj; Lukes, Jennifer R.

    2010-02-01

    The velocity and stress autocorrelation decay in a dissipative particle dynamics ideal fluid model is analyzed in this paper. The autocorrelation functions are calculated at three different friction parameters and three different time steps using the well-known Groot/Warren algorithm and newer algorithms including self-consistent leap-frog, self-consistent velocity Verlet and Shardlow first and second order integrators. At low friction values, the velocity autocorrelation function decays exponentially at short times, shows slower-than exponential decay at intermediate times, and approaches zero at long times for all five integrators. As friction value increases, the deviation from exponential behavior occurs earlier and is more pronounced. At small time steps, all the integrators give identical decay profiles. As time step increases, there are qualitative and quantitative differences between the integrators. The stress correlation behavior is markedly different for the algorithms. The self-consistent velocity Verlet and the Shardlow algorithms show very similar stress autocorrelation decay with change in friction parameter, whereas the Groot/Warren and leap-frog schemes show variations at higher friction factors. Diffusion coefficients and shear viscosities are calculated using Green-Kubo integration of the velocity and stress autocorrelation functions. The diffusion coefficients match well-known theoretical results at low friction limits. Although the stress autocorrelation function is different for each integrator, fluctuates rapidly, and gives poor statistics for most of the cases, the calculated shear viscosities still fall within range of theoretical predictions and nonequilibrium studies.

  9. Quantum-state-selective decay spectroscopy of 213Ra

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lorenz, Ch.; Sarmiento, L. G.; Rudolph, D.; Ward, D. E.; Block, M.; Heßberger, F. P.; Ackermann, D.; Andersson, L.-L.; Cortés, M. L.; Droese, C.; Dworschak, M.; Eibach, M.; Forsberg, U.; Golubev, P.; Hoischen, R.; Kojouharov, I.; Khuyagbaatar, J.; Nesterenko, D.; Ragnarsson, I.; Schaffner, H.; Schweikhard, L.; Stolze, S.; Wenzl, J.

    2017-09-01

    An experimental scheme combining the mass resolving power of a Penning trap with contemporary decay spectroscopy has been established at GSI Darmstadt. The Universal Linear Accelerator (UNILAC) at GSI Darmstadt provided a 48Ca beam impinging on a thin 170Er target foil. Subsequent to velocity filtering of reaction products in the Separator for Heavy Ion reaction Products (SHIP), the nuclear ground state of the 5 n evaporation channel 213Ra was mass-selected in SHIPTRAP, and the 213Ra ions were finally transferred into an array of silicon strip detectors surrounded by large composite germanium detectors. Based on comprehensive geant4 simulations and supported by theoretical calculations, the spectroscopic results call for a revision of the decay path of 213Ra, thereby exemplifying the potential of a combination of a mass-selective Penning trap device with a dedicated nuclear decay station and contemporary geant4 simulations.

  10. Spectroscopy of excited states of unbound nuclei 30Ar and 29Cl

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xu, X.-D.; Mukha, I.; Grigorenko, L. V.; Scheidenberger, C.; Acosta, L.; Casarejos, E.; Chudoba, V.; Ciemny, A. A.; Dominik, W.; Duénas-Díaz, J.; Dunin, V.; Espino, J. M.; Estradé, A.; Farinon, F.; Fomichev, A.; Geissel, H.; Golubkova, T. A.; Gorshkov, A.; Janas, Z.; Kamiński, G.; Kiselev, O.; Knöbel, R.; Krupko, S.; Kuich, M.; Litvinov, Yu. A.; Marquinez-Durán, G.; Martel, I.; Mazzocchi, C.; Nociforo, C.; Ordúz, A. K.; Pfützner, M.; Pietri, S.; Pomorski, M.; Prochazka, A.; Rymzhanova, S.; Sánchez-Benítez, A. M.; Sharov, P.; Simon, H.; Sitar, B.; Slepnev, R.; Stanoiu, M.; Strmen, P.; Szarka, I.; Takechi, M.; Tanaka, Y. K.; Weick, H.; Winkler, M.; Winfield, J. S.

    2018-03-01

    Several states of proton-unbound isotopes 30Ar and 29Cl were investigated by measuring their in-flight decay products, 28S + proton + proton and 28S + proton, respectively. A refined analysis of 28S-proton angular correlations indicates that the ground state of 30Ar is located at 2 .45-0.10+0.05 MeV above the two-proton emission threshold. The investigation of the decay mechanism of the 30Ar ground state demonstrates that it has the transition dynamics. In the "transitional" region, the correlation patterns of the decay products present a surprisingly strong sensitivity to the two-proton decay energy of the 30Ar ground state and the one-proton decay energy as well as the one-proton decay width of the 29Cl ground state. The comparison of the experimental 28S-proton angular correlations with those resulting from Monte Carlo simulations of the detector response illustrates that other observed 30Ar excited states decay by sequential emission of protons via intermediate resonances in 29Cl. Based on the findings, the decay schemes of the observed states in 30Ar and 29Cl were constructed. For calibration purposes and for checking the performance of the experimental setup, decays of the previously known states of a two-proton emitter 19Mg were remeasured. Evidences for one new excited state in 19Mg and two unknown states in 18Na were found.

  11. On the interaction of small and large eddies in two dimensional turbulent flows

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Foias, C.; ate work.

    1987-01-01

    Some results concerning the interaction of small and large eddies to two dimensional turbulent flows are presented. It is shown that the amplitude of small structures decays exponentially to a small value, and from this is inferred a simplified interaction law of small and large eddies. Beside their intrinsic interest for the understanding of the physics of turbulence, these results lead to new numerical schemes to be studied in a separate work.

  12. Rashba spin-orbit coupling for neutral atoms

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Campbell, Daniel; Juzeliūnas, Gediminas; Spielman, Ian

    2011-05-01

    We theoretically describe a new class of atom-laser coupling schemes which lead to effective spin-orbit coupled Hamiltonians for ultra-cold neutral atoms. By properly setting the optical phases, a pair of degenerate spin states emerge as the lowest energy states in the spectrum, and are thus immune to collisionally induced decay. These schemes use N cyclically coupled ground or metastable internal states but we will specialize to the four-level case for this talk. Time permitting, we will describe a possible implementation of this scheme for 87Rb that adds a controllable Dresselhaus component to the effective Hamiltonian in a natural way. NSF through PFC at JQI, ARO with funds from Atomtronics MURI and DARPA OLE, STREP NAMEQUAM.

  13. Implement a Sub-grid Turbulent Orographic Form Drag in WRF and its application to Tibetan Plateau

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhou, X.; Yang, K.; Wang, Y.; Huang, B.

    2017-12-01

    Sub-grid-scale orographic variation exerts turbulent form drag on atmospheric flows. The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) includes a turbulent orographic form drag (TOFD) scheme that adds the stress to the surface layer. In this study, another TOFD scheme has been incorporated in WRF3.7, which exerts an exponentially decaying drag on each model layer. To investigate the effect of the new scheme, WRF with the old and new one was used to simulate the climate over the complex terrain of the Tibetan Plateau. The two schemes were evaluated in terms of the direct impact (on wind) and the indirect impact (on air temperature, surface pressure and precipitation). Both in winter and summer, the new TOFD scheme reduces the mean bias in the surface wind, and clearly reduces the root mean square error (RMSEs) in comparisons with the station measurements (Figure 1). Meanwhile, the 2-m air temperature and surface pressure is also improved (Figure 2) due to the more warm air northward transport across south boundary of TP in winter. The 2-m air temperature is hardly improved in summer but the precipitation improvement is more obvious, with reduced mean bias and RMSEs. This is due to the weakening of water vapor flux (at low-level flow with the new scheme) crossing the Himalayan Mountains from South Asia.

  14. Infinite-disorder critical points of models with stretched exponential interactions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Juhász, Róbert

    2014-09-01

    We show that an interaction decaying as a stretched exponential function of distance, J(l)˜ e-cl^a , is able to alter the universality class of short-range systems having an infinite-disorder critical point. To do so, we study the low-energy properties of the random transverse-field Ising chain with the above form of interaction by a strong-disorder renormalization group (SDRG) approach. We find that the critical behavior of the model is controlled by infinite-disorder fixed points different from those of the short-range model if 0 < a < 1/2. In this range, the critical exponents calculated analytically by a simplified SDRG scheme are found to vary with a, while, for a > 1/2, the model belongs to the same universality class as its short-range variant. The entanglement entropy of a block of size L increases logarithmically with L at the critical point but, unlike the short-range model, the prefactor is dependent on disorder in the range 0 < a < 1/2. Numerical results obtained by an improved SDRG scheme are found to be in agreement with the analytical predictions. The same fixed points are expected to describe the critical behavior of, among others, the random contact process with stretched exponentially decaying activation rates.

  15. Controllable high-fidelity quantum state transfer and entanglement generation in circuit QED

    PubMed Central

    Xu, Peng; Yang, Xu-Chen; Mei, Feng; Xue, Zheng-Yuan

    2016-01-01

    We propose a scheme to realize controllable quantum state transfer and entanglement generation among transmon qubits in the typical circuit QED setup based on adiabatic passage. Through designing the time-dependent driven pulses applied on the transmon qubits, we find that fast quantum sate transfer can be achieved between arbitrary two qubits and quantum entanglement among the qubits also can also be engineered. Furthermore, we numerically analyzed the influence of the decoherence on our scheme with the current experimental accessible systematical parameters. The result shows that our scheme is very robust against both the cavity decay and qubit relaxation, the fidelities of the state transfer and entanglement preparation process could be very high. In addition, our scheme is also shown to be insensitive to the inhomogeneous of qubit-resonator coupling strengths. PMID:26804326

  16. Weighted Non-linear Compact Schemes for the Direct Numerical Simulation of Compressible, Turbulent Flows

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ghosh, Debojyoti; Baeder, James D.

    2014-01-21

    A new class of compact-reconstruction weighted essentially non-oscillatory (CRWENO) schemes were introduced (Ghosh and Baeder in SIAM J Sci Comput 34(3): A1678–A1706, 2012) with high spectral resolution and essentially non-oscillatory behavior across discontinuities. The CRWENO schemes use solution-dependent weights to combine lower-order compact interpolation schemes and yield a high-order compact scheme for smooth solutions and a non-oscillatory compact scheme near discontinuities. The new schemes result in lower absolute errors, and improved resolution of discontinuities and smaller length scales, compared to the weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme of the same order of convergence. Several improvements to the smoothness-dependent weights, proposed inmore » the literature in the context of the WENO schemes, address the drawbacks of the original formulation. This paper explores these improvements in the context of the CRWENO schemes and compares the different formulations of the non-linear weights for flow problems with small length scales as well as discontinuities. Simplified one- and two-dimensional inviscid flow problems are solved to demonstrate the numerical properties of the CRWENO schemes and its different formulations. Canonical turbulent flow problems—the decay of isotropic turbulence and the shock-turbulence interaction—are solved to assess the performance of the schemes for the direct numerical simulation of compressible, turbulent flows« less

  17. Dynamics of large-wave-vector magnons and phonons in MnF2:Er3+ using a far-infrared quantum-counter technique

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rotter, L. D.; Dennis, W. M.; Yen, W. M.

    1990-07-01

    Magnons near the Brillouin zone-edge were generated in antiferromagnetic MnF2:Er3+ at 1.9 K by exciting the intrinsic two-magnon absorption band using a pulsed far-infrared laser. The lowest Stark level of the Er3+ ground state was used as a 36-cm-1 magnon and phonon detector in a quantum-counter scheme. A simple set of rate equations was used to model the system. The decay time was found to be 2.9+/-0.6 μs for 55-cm-1, 3+/-2 μs for 47.6-cm-1 magnons, and 40+/-20 ns for 36-cm-1 phonons. The sum of the 36-cm-1 magnon decay rate and the Er3+-magnon decay rate was 0.9+/-0.2 μs-1. Possible mechanisms of magnon decay are discussed. The dominant mechanism is most likely thermal magnon-magnon scattering. No evidence of large-wave-vector magnon decay to 36-cm-1 phonons was found. We suggest that magnons do not decay to phonons until they scatter into the magnetoelastic modes. Implications with respect to recent magnon-transport experiments are discussed.

  18. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 152

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Martin, M.J.

    2013-11-15

    Detailed level schemes, decay schemes, and the experimental data on which they are based are presented for all nuclei with mass number A=152. The experimental data are evaluated; inconsistencies and discrepancies are noted; and adopted values for level and γ–ray energies, γ intensities, as well as for other nuclear properties are given. This evaluation replaces the A=152 evaluation published by Agda Artna–Cohen in Nuclear Data Sheets 79, 1 (1996) and the evaluation for 152Dy prepared by Balraj Singh and published in Nuclear Data Sheets 95, 995 (2002)

  19. Study of X(5568) in a unitary coupled-channel approximation of BK¯ and Bs π

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sun, Bao-Xi; Dong, Fang-Yong; Pang, Jing-Long

    2017-07-01

    The potential of the B meson and the pseudoscalar meson is constructed up to the next-to-leading order Lagrangian, and then the BK¯ and Bs π interaction is studied in the unitary coupled-channel approximation. A resonant state with a mass about 5568 MeV and JP =0+ is generated dynamically, which can be associated with the X(5568) state announced by the D0 Collaboration recently. The mass and the decay width of this resonant state depend on the regularization scale in the dimensional regularization scheme, or the maximum momentum in the momentum cutoff regularization scheme. The scattering amplitude of the vector B meson and the pseudoscalar meson is calculated, and an axial-vector state with a mass near 5620 MeV and JP =1+ is produced. Their partners in the charm sector are also discussed.

  20. Simulation of branched serial first-order decay of atrazine and metabolites in adapted and nonadapted soils

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Webb, R.M.; Sandstrom, M.W.; Krutz, L.J.; Shaner, D.L.

    2011-01-01

    In the present study a branched serial first-order decay (BSFOD) model is presented and used to derive transformation rates describing the decay of a common herbicide, atrazine, and its metabolites observed in unsaturated soils adapted to previous atrazine applications and in soils with no history of atrazine applications. Calibration of BSFOD models for soils throughout the country can reduce the uncertainty, relative to that of traditional models, in predicting the fate and transport of pesticides and their metabolites and thus support improved agricultural management schemes for reducing threats to the environment. Results from application of the BSFOD model to better understand the degradation of atrazine supports two previously reported conclusions: atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and its primary metabolites are less persistent in adapted soils than in nonadapted soils; and hydroxyatrazine was the dominant primary metabolite in most of the soils tested. In addition, a method to simulate BSFOD in a one-dimensional solute-transport unsaturated zone model is also presented. ?? 2011 SETAC.

  1. Simulation of branched serial first-order decay of atrazine and metabolites in adapted and nonadapted soils

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Webb, Richard M.; Sandstrom, Mark W.; Jason L. Krutz,; Dale L. Shaner,

    2011-01-01

    In the present study a branched serial first-order decay (BSFOD) model is presented and used to derive transformation rates describing the decay of a common herbicide, atrazine, and its metabolites observed in unsaturated soils adapted to previous atrazine applications and in soils with no history of atrazine applications. Calibration of BSFOD models for soils throughout the country can reduce the uncertainty, relative to that of traditional models, in predicting the fate and transport of pesticides and their metabolites and thus support improved agricultural management schemes for reducing threats to the environment. Results from application of the BSFOD model to better understand the degradation of atrazine supports two previously reported conclusions: atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and its primary metabolites are less persistent in adapted soils than in nonadapted soils; and hydroxyatrazine was the dominant primary metabolite in most of the soils tested. In addition, a method to simulate BSFOD in a one-dimensional solute-transport unsaturated zone model is also presented.

  2. Evolution of deformation in neutron-rich Ba isotopes up to A =150

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Licǎ, R.; Benzoni, G.; Rodríguez, T. R.; Borge, M. J. G.; Fraile, L. M.; Mach, H.; Morales, A. I.; Madurga, M.; Sotty, C. O.; Vedia, V.; De Witte, H.; Benito, J.; Bernard, R. N.; Berry, T.; Bracco, A.; Camera, F.; Ceruti, S.; Charviakova, V.; Cieplicka-Oryńczak, N.; Costache, C.; Crespi, F. C. L.; Creswell, J.; Fernandez-Martínez, G.; Fynbo, H.; Greenlees, P. T.; Homm, I.; Huyse, M.; Jolie, J.; Karayonchev, V.; Köster, U.; Konki, J.; Kröll, T.; Kurcewicz, J.; Kurtukian-Nieto, T.; Lazarus, I.; Lund, M. V.; Mǎrginean, N.; Mǎrginean, R.; Mihai, C.; Mihai, R. E.; Negret, A.; Orduz, A.; Patyk, Z.; Pascu, S.; Pucknell, V.; Rahkila, P.; Rapisarda, E.; Regis, J. M.; Robledo, L. M.; Rotaru, F.; Saed-Samii, N.; Sánchez-Tembleque, V.; Stanoiu, M.; Tengblad, O.; Thuerauf, M.; Turturica, A.; Van Duppen, P.; Warr, N.; IDS Collaboration

    2018-02-01

    The occurrence of octupolar shapes in the Ba isotopic chain was recently established experimentally up to N =90 . To further extend the systematics, the evolution of shapes in the most neutron-rich members of the Z =56 isotopic chain accessible at present, Ba,150148, has been studied via β decay at the ISOLDE Decay Station. This paper reports on the first measurement of the positive- and negative-parity low-spin excited states of 150Ba and presents an extension of the β -decay scheme of 148Cs. Employing the fast timing technique, half-lives for the 21+ level in both nuclei have been determined, resulting in T1 /2=1.51 (1 ) ns for 148Ba and T1 /2=3.4 (2 ) ns for 150Ba. The systematics of low-spin states, together with the experimental determination of the B (E 2 :2+→0+) transition probabilities, indicate an increasing collectivity in Ba-150148, towards prolate deformed shapes. The experimental data are compared to symmetry conserving configuration mixing (SCCM) calculations, confirming an evolution of increasingly quadrupole deformed shapes with a definite octupolar character.

  3. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 157

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nica, N.; On leave from the National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering “Horia Hulubei”, Bucharest; Under Subcontract No. 100586 with National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973

    2016-02-15

    The experimental results from the various reaction and decay studies leading to the nuclides {sup 157}Nd, {sup 157}Pm, {sup 157}Sm, {sup 157}Eu, {sup 157}Gd, {sup 157}Tb, {sup 157}Dy, {sup 157}Ho, {sup 157}Er, {sup 157}Tm, {sup 157}Yb, {sup 157}Lu, {sup 157}Hf, {sup 157}Ta, and {sup 157}W in the A = 157 mass chain have been reviewed. These data are summarized and presented, together with adopted level schemes and properties.

  4. The decay process of rotating unstable systems through the passage time distribution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jiménez-Aquino, J. I.; Cortés, Emilio; Aquino, N.

    2001-05-01

    In this work we propose a general scheme to characterize, through the passage time distribution, the decay process of rotational unstable systems in the presence of external forces of large amplitude. The formalism starts with a matricial Langevin type equation formulated in the context of two dynamical representations given, respectively, by the vectors x and y, both related by a time dependent rotation matrix. The transformation preserves the norm of the vector and decouples the set of dynamical equations in the transformed space y. We study the dynamical characterization of the systems of two variables and show that the statistical properties of the passage time distribution are essentially equivalent in both dynamics. The theory is applied to the laser system studied in Dellunde et al. (Opt. Commun. 102 (1993) 277), where the effect of large injected signals on the transient dynamics of the laser has been studied in terms of complex electric field. The analytical results are compared with numerical simulation.

  5. Renormalization scheme dependence of high-order perturbative QCD predictions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ma, Yang; Wu, Xing-Gang

    2018-02-01

    Conventionally, one adopts typical momentum flow of a physical observable as the renormalization scale for its perturbative QCD (pQCD) approximant. This simple treatment leads to renormalization scheme-and-scale ambiguities due to the renormalization scheme and scale dependence of the strong coupling and the perturbative coefficients do not exactly cancel at any fixed order. It is believed that those ambiguities will be softened by including more higher-order terms. In the paper, to show how the renormalization scheme dependence changes when more loop terms have been included, we discuss the sensitivity of pQCD prediction on the scheme parameters by using the scheme-dependent {βm ≥2}-terms. We adopt two four-loop examples, e+e-→hadrons and τ decays into hadrons, for detailed analysis. Our results show that under the conventional scale setting, by including more-and-more loop terms, the scheme dependence of the pQCD prediction cannot be reduced as efficiently as that of the scale dependence. Thus a proper scale-setting approach should be important to reduce the scheme dependence. We observe that the principle of minimum sensitivity could be such a scale-setting approach, which provides a practical way to achieve optimal scheme and scale by requiring the pQCD approximate be independent to the "unphysical" theoretical conventions.

  6. Fourier/Chebyshev methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in finite domains

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Corral, Roque; Jimenez, Javier

    1992-01-01

    A fully spectral numerical scheme for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in domains which are infinite or semi-infinite in one dimension. The domain is not mapped, and standard Fourier or Chebyshev expansions can be used. The handling of the infinite domain does not introduce any significant overhead. The scheme assumes that the vorticity in the flow is essentially concentrated in a finite region, which is represented numerically by standard spectral collocation methods. To accomodate the slow exponential decay of the velocities at infinity, extra expansion functions are introduced, which are handled analytically. A detailed error analysis is presented, and two applications to Direct Numerical Simulation of turbulent flows are discussed in relation with the numerical performance of the scheme.

  7. Nuclear structure of 231Ac

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Boutami, R.; Borge, M. J. G.; Mach, H.; Kurcewicz, W.; Fraile, L. M.; Gulda, K.; Aas, A. J.; García-Raffi, L. M.; Løvhøiden, G.; Martínez, T.; Rubio, B.; Taín, J. L.; Tengblad, O.

    2008-10-01

    The low-energy structure of 231Ac has been investigated by means of γ ray spectroscopy following the β decay of 231Ra. Multipolarities of 28 transitions have been established by measuring conversion electrons with a MINI-ORANGE electron spectrometer. The decay scheme of 231Ra → 231Ac has been constructed for the first time. The Advanced Time Delayed βγγ(t) method has been used to measure the half-lives of five levels. The moderately fast B(E1) transition rates derived suggest that the octupole effects, albeit weak, are still present in this exotic nucleus.

  8. QCD axion dark matter from long-lived domain walls during matter domination

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Harigaya, Keisuke; Kawasaki, Masahiro

    2018-07-01

    The domain wall problem of the Peccei-Quinn mechanism can be solved if the Peccei-Quinn symmetry is explicitly broken by a small amount. Domain walls decay into axions, which may account for dark matter of the universe. This scheme is however strongly constrained by overproduction of axions unless the phase of the explicit breaking term is tuned. We investigate the case where the universe is matter-dominated around the temperature of the MeV scale and domain walls decay during this matter dominated epoch. We show how the viable parameter space is expanded.

  9. Advection of Microphysical Scalars in Terminal Area Simulation System (TASS)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ahmad, Nashat N.; Proctor, Fred H.

    2011-01-01

    The Terminal Area Simulation System (TASS) is a large eddy scale atmospheric flow model with extensive turbulence and microphysics packages. It has been applied successfully in the past to a diverse set of problems ranging from prediction of severe convective events (Proctor et al. 2002), tracking storms and for simulating weapons effects such as the dispersion and fallout of fission debris (Bacon and Sarma 1991), etc. More recently, TASS has been used for predicting the transport and decay of wake vortices behind aircraft (Proctor 2009). An essential part of the TASS model is its comprehensive microphysics package, which relies on the accurate computation of microphysical scalar transport. This paper describes an evaluation of the Leonard scheme implemented in the TASS model for transporting microphysical scalars. The scheme is validated against benchmark cases with exact solutions and compared with two other schemes - a Monotone Upstream-centered Scheme for Conservation Laws (MUSCL)-type scheme after van Leer and LeVeque's high-resolution wave propagation method. Finally, a comparison between the schemes is made against an incident of severe tornadic super-cell convection near Del City, Oklahoma.

  10. Numerical simulation of turbulence in the presence of shear

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Shaanan, S.; Ferziger, J. H.; Reynolds, W. C.

    1975-01-01

    The numerical calculations are presented of the large eddy structure of turbulent flows, by use of the averaged Navier-Stokes equations, where averages are taken over spatial regions small compared to the size of the computational grid. The subgrid components of motion are modeled by a local eddy-viscosity model. A new finite-difference scheme is proposed to represent the nonlinear average advective term which has fourth-order accuracy. This scheme exhibits several advantages over existing schemes with regard to the following: (1) the scheme is compact as it extends only one point away in each direction from the point to which it is applied; (2) it gives better resolution for high wave-number waves in the solution of Poisson equation, and (3) it reduces programming complexity and computation time. Examples worked out in detail are the decay of isotropic turbulence, homogeneous turbulent shear flow, and homogeneous turbulent shear flow with system rotation.

  11. Realization of quantum gates with multiple control qubits or multiple target qubits in a cavity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waseem, Muhammad; Irfan, Muhammad; Qamar, Shahid

    2015-06-01

    We propose a scheme to realize a three-qubit controlled phase gate and a multi-qubit controlled NOT gate of one qubit simultaneously controlling n-target qubits with a four-level quantum system in a cavity. The implementation time for multi-qubit controlled NOT gate is independent of the number of qubit. Three-qubit phase gate is generalized to n-qubit phase gate with multiple control qubits. The number of steps reduces linearly as compared to conventional gate decomposition method. Our scheme can be applied to various types of physical systems such as superconducting qubits coupled to a resonator and trapped atoms in a cavity. Our scheme does not require adjustment of level spacing during the gate implementation. We also show the implementation of Deutsch-Joza algorithm. Finally, we discuss the imperfections due to cavity decay and the possibility of physical implementation of our scheme.

  12. Production and Evaluation of 236gNp and Reference Materials for Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Larijani, Cyrus Kouroush

    This thesis is based on the development of a radiochemical separation scheme capable of separating both 236gNp and 236Pu from a uranium target of natural isotopic composition ( 1 g uranium) and 200 MBq of fission decay products. The isobaric distribution of fission residues produced following the bombardment of a natural uranium target with a beam of 25 MeV protons has been evaluated. Decay analysis of thirteen isobarically distinct fission residues were carried out using high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry at the UK National Physical Laboratory. Stoichiometric abundances were calculated via the determination of absolute activity concentrations associated with the longest-lived members of each isobaric chain. This technique was validated by computational modelling of likely sequential decay processes through an isobaric decay chain. The results were largely in agreement with previously published values for neutron bombardments on natural uranium at energies of 14 MeV. Higher relative yields of products with mass numbers A 110-130 were found, consistent with the increasing yield of these radionuclides as the bombarding energy is increased. Using literature values for the production cross-section for fusion of protons with uranium targets, it is estimated that an upper limit of approximately 250 Bq of activity from the 236Np ground state was produced in this experiment. Using a radiochemical separation scheme, Np and Pu fractions were separated from the produced fission decay products, with analyses of the target-based final reaction products made using Inductively Couple Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high-resolution alpha and gamma-ray spectrometry. In a separate research theme, reliable measurement of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials is of significance in order to comply with environmental regulations and for radiological protection purposes. The thesis describes the standardisation of three reference materials, namely Sand, Tuff and TiO2 which can serve as quality control materials to achieve traceability, method validation and instrument calibration. The sample preparation, material characterization via gamma, alpha and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the assignment of values for both the 4n Thorium and 4n + 2 Uranium decay series are presented.

  13. Modification of a method-of-characteristics solute-transport model to incorporate decay and equilibrium-controlled sorption or ion exchange

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Goode, D.J.; Konikow, Leonard F.

    1989-01-01

    The U.S. Geological Survey computer model of two-dimensional solute transport and dispersion in ground water (Konikow and Bredehoeft, 1978) has been modified to incorporate the following types of chemical reactions: (1) first-order irreversible rate-reaction, such as radioactive decay; (2) reversible equilibrium-controlled sorption with linear, Freundlich, or Langmuir isotherms; and (3) reversible equilibrium-controlled ion exchange for monovalent or divalent ions. Numerical procedures are developed to incorporate these processes in the general solution scheme that uses method-of- characteristics with particle tracking for advection and finite-difference methods for dispersion. The first type of reaction is accounted for by an exponential decay term applied directly to the particle concentration. The second and third types of reactions are incorporated through a retardation factor, which is a function of concentration for nonlinear cases. The model is evaluated and verified by comparison with analytical solutions for linear sorption and decay, and by comparison with other numerical solutions for nonlinear sorption and ion exchange.

  14. Non-thermal leptogenesis from the heavier Majorana neutrinos

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Asaka, T.; Nielsen, H. B.; Takanishi, Y.

    2002-12-01

    We investigate a scheme for making leptogenesis by means of the /CP violating decays of the seesaw Majorana neutrinos proposed by Fukugita and Yanagida. However, in order to avoid the wash-out of the produced lepton number we propose the production of the Majorana neutrinos to occur non-thermally and sufficiently late. After this time, in consequence, the /B-L (baryon minus lepton) quantum number becomes a good ``accidental symmetry'' protecting the asymmetry produced. This non-thermal leptogenesis at late time is realized by a boson decaying into the Majorana neutrinos with a long lifetime. Suggestively this boson could correspond to a scalar field which causes the cosmic inflation, the inflaton, and thus its decay means really the reheating of the Universe. We find that this mechanism works well even if the lightest Majorana neutrinos are not produced sufficiently or not present, and the decays of the heavier seesaw Majorana neutrinos can be responsible to the baryon asymmetry in the present Universe, as we illustrate by the example of the family replicated gauge group model.

  15. Concepts for a Muon Accelerator Front-End

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Stratakis, Diktys; Berg, Scott; Neuffer, David

    2017-03-16

    We present a muon capture front-end scheme for muon based applications. In this Front-End design, a proton bunch strikes a target and creates secondary pions that drift into a capture channel, decaying into muons. A series of rf cavities forms the resulting muon beams into a series of bunches of differerent energies, aligns the bunches to equal central energies, and initiates ionization cooling. We also discuss the design of a chicane system for the removal of unwanted secondary particles from the muon capture region and thus reduce activation of the machine. With the aid of numerical simulations we evaluate themore » performance of this Front-End scheme as well as study its sensitivity against key parameters such as the type of target, the number of rf cavities and the gas pressure of the channel.« less

  16. β-decay half-lives of new neutron-rich rare-earth isotopes 159Pm,162Sm, and 166Gd

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ichikawa, S.; Asai, M.; Tsukada, K.; Haba, H.; Nagame, Y.; Shibata, M.; Sakama, M.; Kojima, Y.

    2005-06-01

    The new neutron-rich rare-earth isotopes 159Pm, 162Sm, and 166Gd produced in the proton-induced fission of 238U were identified using the JAERI on-line isotope separator (JAERI-ISOL) coupled to a gas-jet transport system. The half-lives of 159Pm, 162Sm, and 166Gd were determined to be 1.5 ± 0.2, 2.4 ± 0.5, and 4.8 ± 1.0 s respectively. The partial decay scheme of 166Gd was constructed from γγ-coincidence data. A more accurate half-life value of 25.6 ± 2.2 s was obtained for the previously identified isotope 166Tb. The half-lives measured in the present study are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions calculated by the second generation of the gross theory with the atomic masses evaluated by Audi and Wapstra.

  17. Ultrafast quantum control of ionization dynamics in krypton.

    PubMed

    Hütten, Konrad; Mittermair, Michael; Stock, Sebastian O; Beerwerth, Randolf; Shirvanyan, Vahe; Riemensberger, Johann; Duensing, Andreas; Heider, Rupert; Wagner, Martin S; Guggenmos, Alexander; Fritzsche, Stephan; Kabachnik, Nikolay M; Kienberger, Reinhard; Bernhardt, Birgitta

    2018-02-19

    Ultrafast spectroscopy with attosecond resolution has enabled the real time observation of ultrafast electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and solids. These experiments employ attosecond pulses or pulse trains and explore dynamical processes in a pump-probe scheme that is selectively sensitive to electronic state of matter via photoelectron or XUV absorption spectroscopy or that includes changes of the ionic state detected via photo-ion mass spectrometry. Here, we demonstrate how the implementation of combined photo-ion and absorption spectroscopy with attosecond resolution enables tracking the complex multidimensional excitation and decay cascade of an Auger auto-ionization process of a few femtoseconds in highly excited krypton. In tandem with theory, our study reveals the role of intermediate electronic states in the formation of multiply charged ions. Amplitude tuning of a dressing laser field addresses different groups of decay channels and allows exerting temporal and quantitative control over the ionization dynamics in rare gas atoms.

  18. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 192

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Baglin, Coral M.

    2012-08-15

    Experimental structure and decay data for all nuclei with mass A=192 (Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, At) have been evaluated. This evaluation, covering data received by 15 June 2012, supersedes the 1998 evaluation by C. M. Baglin (Nuclear Data Sheets84, 717 (1998), literature cutoff August 1998) and the subsequent inclusion in the ENSDF database of the new nuclide {sup 192}At (C. M. Baglin, literature cutoff 16 May 2006). It also incorporates the current evaluation of superdeformed-band information by B. Singh. Since the last publication, {sup 192}Ta, {sup 192}W and {sup 192}At have beenmore » observed, and an isomeric state has been identified in {sup 192}Re. The {epsilon} decay of {sup 192}Au has been studied using a multidetector array resulting in an extensively revised level scheme for {sup 192}Pt.« less

  19. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 210

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Shamsuzzoha Basunia, M.

    2014-09-15

    Evaluated spectroscopic data for {sup 210}Au, {sup 210}Hg, {sup 210}Tl, {sup 210}Pb, {sup 210}Bi, {sup 210}Po, {sup 210}At, {sup 210}Rn, {sup 210}Fr, {sup 210}Ra, {sup 210}Ac, and {sup 210}Th and corresponding level schemes from radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented. This evaluation supersedes the previous evaluation by E. Browne (2003Br13). Highlights of this publication are the identification of new μs isomers of {sup 210}Hg by 2013Go10 and measurement of an excited level energy at 1709 keV 30 of {sup 210}Rn from {sup 214}Rn α decay: 68.6 μs by 2006Ku26 denoted as x+1664.6 in the Adopted Levels. Earlier experimental limitsmore » for x≤50 keV was proposed in 1979Po19 and 1982Po03 – (HI,xnγ)« less

  20. High-precision γ -ray spectroscopy of the cardiac PET imaging isotope Rb 82 and its impact on dosimetry

    DOE PAGES

    Nino, M. N.; McCutchan, E. A.; Smith, S. V.; ...

    2016-02-01

    82Rb is a positron-emitting isotope used in cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) imaging which has been reported to deliver a significantly lower effective radiation dose than analogous imaging isotopes like 201Tl and 99mTc sestamibi. High-quality β-decay data are essential to accurately appraise the total dose received by the patients. A source of 82Sr was produced at the Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer (BLIP), transported to Argonne National Laboratory, and studied with the Gammasphere facility. Significant revisions have been made to the level scheme of 82Kr including 12 new levels, 50 new γ-ray transitions, and the determination of many new spin assignmentsmore » through angular correlations. Lastly, these new high-quality data allow a precise reappraisal of the β-decay strength function and thus the consequent dose received by patients.« less

  1. Nuclear structure and β -decay schemes for Te nuclides beyond N =82

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moon, B.; Moon, C.-B.; Söderström, P.-A.; Odahara, A.; Lozeva, R.; Hong, B.; Browne, F.; Jung, H. S.; Lee, P.; Lee, C. S.; Yagi, A.; Yuan, C.; Nishimura, S.; Doornenbal, P.; Lorusso, G.; Sumikama, T.; Watanabe, H.; Kojouharov, I.; Isobe, T.; Baba, H.; Sakurai, H.; Daido, R.; Fang, Y.; Nishibata, H.; Patel, Z.; Rice, S.; Sinclair, L.; Wu, J.; Xu, Z. Y.; Yokoyama, R.; Kubo, T.; Inabe, N.; Suzuki, H.; Fukuda, N.; Kameda, D.; Takeda, H.; Ahn, D. S.; Shimizu, Y.; Murai, D.; Bello Garrote, F. L.; Daugas, J. M.; Didierjean, F.; Ideguchi, E.; Ishigaki, T.; Morimoto, S.; Niikura, M.; Nishizuka, I.; Komatsubara, T.; Kwon, Y. K.; Tshoo, K.

    2017-04-01

    We study for the first time the internal structure of 140Te through the β -delayed γ -ray spectroscopy of 140Sb. The very neutron-rich 140Sb nuclei with Z =51 and N =89 were produced by the in-flight fission of 238U beams at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory, RIKEN. The half-life and spin-parity of 140Sb are reported as 173 ±12 ms and 3-, respectively. In addition to the excited states of 140Te produced by the β -decay branch, the β -delayed one-neutron and two-neutron emission branches were also established. By identifying the first 2+ and 4+ excited states of 140Te, we found that Te isotopes persist in their vibrator character with E (4+) /E (2+) =2 . We discuss the distinctive features manifest in this region revealed in pairs of isotopes with the same neutron holes and particles with respect to N =82 .

  2. Electrowetting on dielectric: experimental and model study of oil conductivity on rupture voltage

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhao, Qing; Tang, Biao; Dong, Baoqin; Li, Hui; Zhou, Rui; Guo, Yuanyuan; Dou, Yingying; Deng, Yong; Groenewold, Jan; Henzen, Alexander Victor; Zhou, Guofu

    2018-05-01

    Electrowetting on dielectric devices uses a conducting (water) and insulating (oil) liquid phase in conjunction on a dielectric layer. In these devices, the wetting properties of the liquid phases can be manipulated by applying an electric field. The electric field can rupture the initially flat oil film and promotes further dewetting of the oil. Here, we investigate a problem in the operation of electrowetting on dielectric caused by a finite conductivity of the oil. In particular, we find that the voltage at which the oil film ruptures is sensitive to the application of relatively low DC voltages prior to switching. Here, we systematically investigate this dependence using controlled driving schemes. The mechanism behind these history effects point to charge transport processes in the dielectric and the oil, which can be modeled and characterized by a decay time. To quantify the effects the typical response timescales have been measured with a high-speed video camera. The results have been reproduced in simulations. In addition, a simplified yet accurate equivalent circuit model is developed to analyze larger data sets more conveniently. The experimental data support the hypothesis that each pixel can be characterized by a single decay time. We studied an ensemble of pixels and found that they showed a rather broad distribution of decay times with an average value of about 440 ms. This decay time can be interpreted as a discharge timescale of the oil, not to be confused with discharge of the entire system which is generally much faster (<1 ms). Through the equivalent circuit model, we also found that variations in the fluoropolymer (FP) conductivity cannot explain the distribution of decay times, while variations in oil conductivity can.

  3. Accurate Wavelength Measurement of High-Energy Gamma Rays from the 35Cl(n,{gamma}) Reactions

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Belgya, T.; Molnar, G.L.; Mutti, P.

    2005-05-24

    The energies of eight gamma rays in the 36Cl level scheme have been measured with high precision using the 35Cl(n,{gamma}) reaction and the GAMS4 spectrometer. From these energies, a skeleton decay scheme for 36Cl was constructed, and the binding energy of 36Cl was determined to higher precision than previously. It is shown that using this new information, binding energy determination from Ge detector experiments for other nuclei can also be made with higher precision than now available. The measurement of additional weaker 36Cl gamma rays is continuing.

  4. Mapping quadrupole collectivity in the Cd isotopes: The breakdown of harmonic vibrational motion

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Garrett, P. E.; Green, K. L.; Bangay, J.; Varela, A. Diaz; Sumithrarachchi, C. S.; Austin, R. A. E.; Ball, G. C.; Bandyopadhyay, D. S.; Bianco, L.; Colosimo, S.; Cross, D. S.; Demand, G. A.; Finlay, P.; Garnsworthy, A. B.; Grinyer, G. F.; Hackman, G.; Kulp, W. D.; Leach, K. G.; Morton, A. C.; Orce, J. N.; Pearson, C. J.; Phillips, A. A.; Schumaker, M. A.; Svensson, C. E.; Triambak, S.; Wong, J.; Wood, J. L.; Yates, S. W.

    2011-10-01

    The stable Cd isotopes have long been used as paradigms for spherical vibrational motion. Extensive investigations with in-beam γ spectroscopy have resulted in very-well-established level schemes, including many lifetimes or lifetime limits. A programme has been initiated to complement these studies with very-high-statistics β decay using the 8π spectrometer at the TRIUMF radioactive beam facility. The decays of 112In and 112Ag have been studied with an emphasis on the observation of, or the placement of stringent limits on, low-energy branches between potential multi-phonon levels. A lack of suitable 0+ or 2+ three-phonon candidates has been revealed. Further, the sum of the B(E2) strength from spin 0+ and 2+ states up to 3 MeV in excitation energy to the assigned two-phonon levels falls far short of the harmonic-vibrational expectations. This lack of strength points to the failing of collective models based on vibrational phonon structures.

  5. Half-lives of α -decaying nuclei in the medium-mass region within the transfer matrix method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Shuangxiang; Qian, Yibin; Ren, Zhongzhou

    2018-05-01

    The α -decay half-lives of even-even nuclei from Sm to Th are systematically studied based on the transfer matrix method. For the nuclear potential, a type of cosh-parametrized form is applied to calculate the penetration probability. Through a least-squares fit to experimental half-lives, we optimize the parameters in the potential and the α preformation factor P0. During this process, P0 is treated as a constant for each parent nucleus. Eventually, the calculated half-lives are found to agree well with the experimental data, which verifies the accuracy of the present approach. Furthermore, in recent studies, P0 is regulated by the shell and paring effects plus the nuclear deformation. To this end, P0 is here associated with the structural quantity, i.e., the microscopic correction of nuclear mass (Emic). In this way, the agreement between theory and experiment is greatly improved by more than 20%, validating the appropriate treatment of P0 in the scheme of Emic.

  6. Octupole Correlations in THORIUM-225

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hughes, John Rhys

    Available from UMI in association with The British Library. The nuclear structure of ^{225 }Th has been studied using the reaction ^{226}Ra(alpha,5n) ^{225}Th at a beam energy of 50 MeV. In-beam gamma-gamma , e^{-}-n, e ^{-}-e^{-} and e^{-}- gamma coincidences have been measured, using the TESSA3 array at the Daresbury NSF and the Double Orange spectrometer at the University of Bonn Cyclotron. gamma-ray and electron energies and intensities, gamma-ray angular distribution ratios and electron subshell ratios and conversion coefficients have been used to establish a decay scheme up to spin (39/2) hbar and excitation energy E _{z} ~ 2.5 MeV. The decay scheme is found to be characterised by two Delta J = 1 rotational bands, and these are classified in terms of the simplex quantum number, s, which is expected to be conserved for an octupole nucleus. No band crossings are observed up to a rotational frequency of hbaromega ~ 0.21 and 0.18 MeV in the s = -i and +i bands, respectively. Parity doublets have been observed, with enhanced E1 transitions linking states of opposite parity. gamma -branching ratios have been measured and an average value of | Q_1/Q_2| = (0.51 +/- 0.06) times 10^{-3} fm^{-1} has been deduced. The results are compared with various calculations incorporating odd multiple degrees of freedom in the description of the nuclear shape.

  7. Step to improve neural cryptography against flipping attacks.

    PubMed

    Zhou, Jiantao; Xu, Qinzhen; Pei, Wenjiang; He, Zhenya; Szu, Harold

    2004-12-01

    Synchronization of neural networks by mutual learning has been demonstrated to be possible for constructing key exchange protocol over public channel. However, the neural cryptography schemes presented so far are not the securest under regular flipping attack (RFA) and are completely insecure under majority flipping attack (MFA). We propose a scheme by splitting the mutual information and the training process to improve the security of neural cryptosystem against flipping attacks. Both analytical and simulation results show that the success probability of RFA on the proposed scheme can be decreased to the level of brute force attack (BFA) and the success probability of MFA still decays exponentially with the weights' level L. The synchronization time of the parties also remains polynomial with L. Moreover, we analyze the security under an advanced flipping attack.

  8. Generic calculation of two-body partial decay widths at the full one-loop level

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Goodsell, Mark D.; Liebler, Stefan; Staub, Florian

    2017-11-01

    We describe a fully generic implementation of two-body partial decay widths at the full one-loop level in the SARAH and SPheno framework compatible with most supported models. It incorporates fermionic decays to a fermion and a scalar or a gauge boson as well as scalar decays into two fermions, two gauge bosons, two scalars or a scalar and a gauge boson. We present the relevant generic expressions for virtual and real corrections. Whereas wave-function corrections are determined from on-shell conditions, the parameters of the underlying model are by default renormalised in a \\overline{ {DR}} (or \\overline{ {MS}}) scheme. However, the user can also define model-specific counter-terms. As an example we discuss the renormalisation of the electric charge in the Thomson limit for top-quark decays in the standard model. One-loop-induced decays are also supported. The framework additionally allows the addition of mass and mixing corrections induced at higher orders for the involved external states. We explain our procedure to cancel infrared divergences for such cases, which is achieved through an infrared counter-term taking into account corrected Goldstone boson vertices. We compare our results for sfermion, gluino and Higgs decays in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) against the public codes SFOLD, FVSFOLD and HFOLD and explain observed differences. Radiatively induced gluino and neutralino decays are compared against the original implementation in SPheno in the MSSM. We exactly reproduce the results of the code CNNDecays for decays of neutralinos and charginos in R-parity violating models. The new version SARAH 4.11.0 by default includes the calculation of two-body decay widths at the full one-loop level. Current limitations for certain model classes are described.

  9. Progress on the chemical separation of fission fragments from 236Np produced by proton irradiation of natural uranium target

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Larijani, C.; Jerome, S. M.; Lorusso, G.; Ivanov, P.; Russell, B.; Pearce, A. K.; Regan, P. H.

    2017-11-01

    The aim of the current work is to develop and validate a radiochemical separation scheme capable of separating both 236gNp and 236Pu from a uranium target of natural isotopic composition ( 1 g uranium) and 200 MBq of fission decay products. A target containing 1.2 g of UO2 was irradiated with a beam of 25 MeV protons with a typical beam current of 30 μA for 19 h in December 2013 at the University of Birmingham Cyclotron facility. Using literature values for the production cross-section for fusion of protons with uranium targets, we estimate that an upper limit of approximately 250 Bq of activity from the 236Np ground state was produced in this experiment. Using a radiochemical separation scheme, Np and Pu fractions were separated from the produced fission decay products, with analyses of the target-based final reaction products made using Inductively Couple Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high-resolution α particle and γ-ray spectrometry.

  10. Neutrino mass as the probe of intermediate mass scales

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Senjanovic, G.

    1980-01-01

    A discussion of the calculability of neutrino mass is presented. The possibility of neutrinos being either Dirac or Majorana particles is analyzed in detail. Arguments are offered in favor of the Majorana case: the smallness of neutrino mass is linked to the maximality of parity violation in weak interactions. It is shown how the measured value of neutrino mass would probe the existence of an intermediate mass scale, presumably in the TeV region, at which parity is supposed to become a good symmetry. Experimental consequences of the proposed scheme are discussed, in particular the neutrino-less double ..beta.. decay, where observationmore » would provide a crucial test of the model, and rare muon decays such as ..mu.. ..-->.. e..gamma.. and ..mu.. ..-->.. ee anti e. Finally, the embedding of this model in an O(10) grand unified theory is analyzed, with the emphasis on the implications for intermediate mass scales that it offers. It is concluded that the proposed scheme provides a distinct and testable alternative for understanding the smallness of neutrino mass. 4 figures.« less

  11. Measurement of DT neutron-induced activity in glass-microshell laser fusion targets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lane, S. M.; Campbell, E. M.; Bennett, C.

    1980-10-01

    Laser fusion targets consisting of DT gas contained in Teflon-coated glass microshells produce 14.1-MeV neutrons that can interact with the (Si-28) nuclei in the glass to produce radioactive (Al-28). Using a very efficient collection-detection scheme that could detect the decay of 10% of the (Al-28) created, these nuclei are identified by their 1.78-MeV gamma ray, which decayed with a 2.2-min half-life. From the number of (Al-28) nuclei created and the neutron yield the compressed glass areal density was found to be 0.0059 g/sq cm.

  12. Classification and machine recognition of severe weather patterns

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wang, P. P.; Burns, R. C.

    1976-01-01

    Forecasting and warning of severe weather conditions are treated from the vantage point of pattern recognition by machine. Pictorial patterns and waveform patterns are distinguished. Time series data on sferics are dealt with by considering waveform patterns. A severe storm patterns recognition machine is described, along with schemes for detection via cross-correlation of time series (same channel or different channels). Syntactic and decision-theoretic approaches to feature extraction are discussed. Active and decayed tornados and thunderstorms, lightning discharges, and funnels and their related time series data are studied.

  13. Effect of Pulse Shape on Spall Strength

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Smirnov, V. I.; Petrov, Yu. V.

    2018-03-01

    This paper analyzes the effect of the time-dependent shape of a load pulse on the spall strength of materials. Within the framework of a classical one-dimensional scheme, triangular pulses with signal rise and decay portions and with no signal rise portions considered. Calculation results for the threshold characteristics of fracture for rail steel are given. The possibility of optimization of fracture by selecting a loading time with the use of an introduced characteristic of dynamic strength (pulse fracture capacity) is demonstrated. The study is carried out using a structure-time fracture criterion.

  14. Equilibrium Temperature Profiles within Fission Product Waste Forms

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kaminski, Michael D.

    2016-10-01

    We studied waste form strategies for advanced fuel cycle schemes. Several options were considered for three waste streams with the following fission products: cesium and strontium, transition metals, and lanthanides. These three waste streams may be combined or disposed separately. The decay of several isotopes will generate heat that must be accommodated by the waste form, and this heat will affect the waste loadings. To help make an informed decision on the best option, we present computational data on the equilibrium temperature of glass waste forms containing a combination of these three streams.

  15. Thermal dark matter through the Dirac neutrino portal

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Batell, Brian; Han, Tao; McKeen, David; Haghi, Barmak Shams Es

    2018-04-01

    We study a simple model of thermal dark matter annihilating to standard model neutrinos via the neutrino portal. A (pseudo-)Dirac sterile neutrino serves as a mediator between the visible and the dark sectors, while an approximate lepton number symmetry allows for a large neutrino Yukawa coupling and, in turn, efficient dark matter annihilation. The dark sector consists of two particles, a Dirac fermion and complex scalar, charged under a symmetry that ensures the stability of the dark matter. A generic prediction of the model is a sterile neutrino with a large active-sterile mixing angle that decays primarily invisibly. We derive existing constraints and future projections from direct detection experiments, colliders, rare meson and tau decays, electroweak precision tests, and small scale structure observations. Along with these phenomenological tests, we investigate the consequences of perturbativity and scalar mass fine tuning on the model parameter space. A simple, conservative scheme to confront the various tests with the thermal relic target is outlined, and we demonstrate that much of the cosmologically-motivated parameter space is already constrained. We also identify new probes of this scenario such as multibody kaon decays and Drell-Yan production of W bosons at the LHC.

  16. Revised and extended level scheme of the doubly-odd nucleus {sup 188}Ir

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jungclaus, A.; Modamio, V.; Egido, J. L.

    2008-02-15

    High-spin states in the doubly odd Z=77 nucleus {sup 188}Ir were studied using the reaction {sup 186}W({sup 7}Li, 5n) at 59 MeV and the GASP spectrometer for {gamma}-ray detection. The level structures recently suggested to be built on the known 4.1(3) ms isomeric state of this nucleus have been considerably revised and extended and an isomer with a lifetime of 17.7(2) ns has been identified within the main decay sequence. In addition two rotational bands built on low spin states below the ms isomer have been observed for the first time. The basic features of the excitation scheme of {supmore » 188}Ir are discussed within the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory within the Lipkin-Nogami approach with the finite-range density-dependent Gogny force.« less

  17. Decay behaviors of the Pc hadronic molecules

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lin, Yong-Hui; Shen, Chao-Wei; Guo, Feng-Kun; Zou, Bing-Song

    2017-06-01

    The Pc(4380 ) and Pc(4450 ) states observed recently by the LHCb experiment were proposed to be either D ¯Σc* or D¯*Σc bound states. We analyze the decay behaviors of two such types of hadronic molecules within the effective Lagrangian framework. With branching ratios of ten possible decay channels calculated, it is found that the two types of hadronic molecules have distinguishable decay patterns. While the D ¯Σc* molecule decays dominantly to the D¯*Λc channel with a branching ratio by 2 orders of magnitude larger than to D ¯Λc, the D¯*Σc molecule decays to these two channels with a difference of less than a factor of 2. Our results show that the total decay width of Pc(4380 ) as the spin-parity-3/2- D ¯Σc* molecule is about a factor of 2 larger than the corresponding value for the D¯*Σc molecule. It suggests that the assignment of the D ¯Σc* molecule for Pc(4380 ) is more favorable than the D¯*Σc molecule. In addition, Pc(4450 ) seems to be a D¯*Σc molecule with JP=5/2+ in our scheme. Based on these partial decay widths of the Pc states, we estimate the cross sections for the reactions γ p →J /ψ p and π p →J /ψ p through the s-channel Pc states. The forthcoming γ p experiment at JLAB and the π p experiment at JPARC should be able to pin down the nature of these Pc states.

  18. Tetrahedral-Mesh Simulation of Turbulent Flows with the Space-Time Conservative Schemes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Chang, Chau-Lyan; Venkatachari, Balaji; Cheng, Gary C.

    2015-01-01

    Direct numerical simulations of turbulent flows are predominantly carried out using structured, hexahedral meshes despite decades of development in unstructured mesh methods. Tetrahedral meshes offer ease of mesh generation around complex geometries and the potential of an orientation free grid that would provide un-biased small-scale dissipation and more accurate intermediate scale solutions. However, due to the lack of consistent multi-dimensional numerical formulations in conventional schemes for triangular and tetrahedral meshes at the cell interfaces, numerical issues exist when flow discontinuities or stagnation regions are present. The space-time conservative conservation element solution element (CESE) method - due to its Riemann-solver-free shock capturing capabilities, non-dissipative baseline schemes, and flux conservation in time as well as space - has the potential to more accurately simulate turbulent flows using unstructured tetrahedral meshes. To pave the way towards accurate simulation of shock/turbulent boundary-layer interaction, a series of wave and shock interaction benchmark problems that increase in complexity, are computed in this paper with triangular/tetrahedral meshes. Preliminary computations for the normal shock/turbulence interactions are carried out with a relatively coarse mesh, by direct numerical simulations standards, in order to assess other effects such as boundary conditions and the necessity of a buffer domain. The results indicate that qualitative agreement with previous studies can be obtained for flows where, strong shocks co-exist along with unsteady waves that display a broad range of scales, with a relatively compact computational domain and less stringent requirements for grid clustering near the shock. With the space-time conservation properties, stable solutions without any spurious wave reflections can be obtained without a need for buffer domains near the outflow/farfield boundaries. Computational results for the isotropic turbulent flow decay, at a relatively high turbulent Mach number, show a nicely behaved spectral decay rate for medium to high wave numbers. The high-order CESE schemes offer very robust solutions even with the presence of strong shocks or widespread shocklets. The explicit formulation in conjunction with a close to unity theoretical upper Courant number bound has the potential to offer an efficient numerical framework for general compressible turbulent flow simulations with unstructured meshes.

  19. The Role of Small-Scale Processes in Solar Active Region Decay

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Meyer, Karen; Mackay, Duncan

    2017-08-01

    Active regions are locations of intense magnetic activity on the Sun, whose evolution can result in highly energetic eruptive phenomena such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Therefore, fast and accurate simulation of their evolution and decay is essential in the prediction of Space Weather events. In this talk we present initial results from our new model for the photospheric evolution of active region magnetic fields. Observations show that small-scale processes appear to play a role in the dispersal and decay of solar active regions, for example through cancellation at the boundary of sunspot outflows and erosion of flux by surrounding convective cells. Our active region model is coupled to our existing model for the evolution of small-scale photospheric magnetic features. Focusing first on the active region decay phase, we consider the evolution of its magnetic field due to both large-scale (e.g. differential rotation) and small-scale processes, such as its interaction with surrounding small-scale magnetic features and convective flows.This project is funded by The Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, through their Research Incentives Grant scheme.

  20. Radiative decay rate of excitons in square quantum wells: Microscopic modeling and experiment

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Khramtsov, E. S.; Grigoryev, P. S.; Ignatiev, I. V.

    The binding energy and the corresponding wave function of excitons in GaAs-based finite square quantum wells (QWs) are calculated by the direct numerical solution of the three-dimensional Schrödinger equation. The precise results for the lowest exciton state are obtained by the Hamiltonian discretization using the high-order finite-difference scheme. The microscopic calculations are compared with the results obtained by the standard variational approach. The exciton binding energies found by two methods coincide within 0.1 meV for the wide range of QW widths. The radiative decay rate is calculated for QWs of various widths using the exciton wave functions obtained by direct andmore » variational methods. The radiative decay rates are confronted with the experimental data measured for high-quality GaAs/AlGaAs and InGaAs/GaAs QW heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The calculated and measured values are in good agreement, though slight differences with earlier calculations of the radiative decay rate are observed.« less

  1. Dissipative preparation of entanglement in optical cavities.

    PubMed

    Kastoryano, M J; Reiter, F; Sørensen, A S

    2011-03-04

    We propose a novel scheme for the preparation of a maximally entangled state of two atoms in an optical cavity. Starting from an arbitrary initial state, a singlet state is prepared as the unique fixed point of a dissipative quantum dynamical process. In our scheme, cavity decay is no longer undesirable, but plays an integral part in the dynamics. As a result, we get a qualitative improvement in the scaling of the fidelity with the cavity parameters. Our analysis indicates that dissipative state preparation is more than just a new conceptual approach, but can allow for significant improvement as compared to preparation protocols based on coherent unitary dynamics.

  2. Simulation of multi-photon emission isotopes using time-resolved SimSET multiple photon history generator

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chiang, Chih-Chieh; Lin, Hsin-Hon; Lin, Chang-Shiun

    Abstract-Multiple-photon emitters, such as In-111 or Se-75, have enormous potential in the field of nuclear medicine imaging. For example, Se-75 can be used to investigate the bile acid malabsorption and measure the bile acid pool loss. The simulation system for emission tomography (SimSET) is a well-known Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) code in nuclear medicine for its high computational efficiency. However, current SimSET cannot simulate these isotopes due to the lack of modeling of complex decay scheme and the time-dependent decay process. To extend the versatility of SimSET for simulation of those multi-photon emission isotopes, a time-resolved multiple photon history generatormore » based on SimSET codes is developed in present study. For developing the time-resolved SimSET (trSimSET) with radionuclide decay process, the new MCS model introduce new features, including decay time information and photon time-of-flight information, into this new code. The half-life of energy states were tabulated from the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF) database. The MCS results indicate that the overall percent difference is less than 8.5% for all simulation trials as compared to GATE. To sum up, we demonstrated that time-resolved SimSET multiple photon history generator can have comparable accuracy with GATE and keeping better computational efficiency. The new MCS code is very useful to study the multi-photon imaging of novel isotopes that needs the simulation of lifetime and the time-of-fight measurements. (authors)« less

  3. Efficient pre-ionization by direct X-B mode conversion in VEST

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jo, JongGab; Lee, H. Y.; Kim, S. C.; Kim, S. H.; An, Y. H.; Hwang, Y. S.

    2017-01-01

    Pre-ionization experiments with pure toroidal field have been carried out in VEST (Versatile Experiment Spherical Torus) to investigate the feasibility of direct XB mode conversion from perpendicular LFS (Low Field Side) injection for efficient pre-ionization. Pre-ionization plasmas are studied by measuring the electron density and temperature profiles with respect to microwave power and toroidal field strength, and 2D full wave cold plasma simulation using the COMSOL Multiphysics is performed for the comparison. It is experimentally figured out that exceeding the threshold microwave power (>3 kW), the parametric decay and localized collisional heating is observed near the UHR (Upper Hybrid Resonance), and the efficient XB mode conversion can be achieved in both short density scale length (Ln) and magnetic scale length (LB) region positioned at outboard and inboard sides, respectively. From the 2D full wave simulations, the reflection and tunneling of X-wave near the R-cutoff layer according to the measured electron density profiles are analyzed with electric field polarization and power flow. Threshold electric field and wave power density for parametric decay are evaluated at least more than 4.8 × 104 V/m and 100 W/cm2, respectively. This study shows that efficient pre-ionization schemes using direct XB mode conversion can be realized by considering the key factors such as Ln, LB, and transmitted wave power at the UHR. Application to Ohmic start-up experiment is carried out to confirm the effect of the pre-ionization schemes on tokamak plasma start-up in VEST.

  4. Time-resolved and steady-state fluorescence studies of excited-state proton-transfer reactions of proflavine

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    De Silvestri, S.; Laporta, P.

    1984-01-01

    Time-resolved and steady-state fluorescence studies of proflavine in aqueous solution are presented. The observation of a monoexponential fluorescence decay with a time constant decreasing with increasing pH and the presence of an anomalous red-shift in the fluorescence spectrum as a function of pH indicate the existence of a complex proton-transfer mechanism in the excited state. A reaction scheme is proposed and the corresponding proton-transfer rates are evaluated. An excited-state pK value of 12.85 is obtained for the equilibrium between the cationic form of proflavine and the same form dissociated at an amino group.

  5. Fast saturation of the two-plasmon-decay instability for shock-ignition conditions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Weber, S.; Riconda, C.; Klimo, O.; Héron, A.; Tikhonchuk, V. T.

    2012-01-01

    Two-plasmon-decay (TPD) instability is investigated for conditions relevant for the shock-ignition (SI) scheme of inertial confinement fusion. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that in a hot, large-scale plasma, TPD develops in concomitance with stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). It is active only during the first picosecond of interaction, and then it is rapidly saturated due to plasma cavitation. TPD-excited plasma waves extend to small wavelengths, above the standard Landau cutoff. The hot electron spectrum created by SRS and TPD is relatively soft, limited to energies below 100 keV, which should not be a danger for the fuel core preheat in the SI scenario.

  6. New Leading Contribution to Neutrinoless Double-β Decay

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cirigliano, Vincenzo; Dekens, Wouter; de Vries, Jordy; Graesser, Michael L.; Mereghetti, Emanuele; Pastore, Saori; van Kolck, Ubirajara

    2018-05-01

    Within the framework of chiral effective field theory, we discuss the leading contributions to the neutrinoless double-beta decay transition operator induced by light Majorana neutrinos. Based on renormalization arguments in both dimensional regularization with minimal subtraction and a coordinate-space cutoff scheme, we show the need to introduce a leading-order short-range operator, missing in all current calculations. We discuss strategies to determine the finite part of the short-range coupling by matching to lattice QCD or by relating it via chiral symmetry to isospin-breaking observables in the two-nucleon sector. Finally, we speculate on the impact of this new contribution on nuclear matrix elements of relevance to experiment.

  7. High Energy Phenomenology - Proceedings of the Workshop

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pérez, Miguel A.; Huerta, Rodrigo

    1992-06-01

    The Table of Contents for the full book PDF is as follows: * Preface * Radiative Corrections in the Electroweak Standard Model * Introduction * The Electroweak Standard Model and its Renormalization * Basic Properties of the Standard Model * Renormalization of the Standard Model * Calculation of Radiative Corrections * One-Loop Integrals * Corrected Matrix Elements and Cross Sections * Photonic Corrections * Physical Applications and Results * Parameter Relations in Higher Orders * Decay Widths * Z Physics * W-Pair Production * Higgs Production in e+e- Annihilation * Conclusion * Appendix: Feynman Rules * References * Hadron Collider Physics * Introduction * e+ e- Annihilation * The Standard Model * The Drell-Yan Process in Hadronic Collisions * The Structure Functions * Hadronic Z Production * Hadronic W Production * The Transverse Mass * Quark Decays of W's * Weak Interactions * Neutrino Scattering * Weak Neutral Currents * The Standard Model * Symmetries and Lagrangians * Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking * The Standard Model Again * Experimental Situation * Appendix * References * Lectures on Heavy Quark Effective Theory * Introduction * Motivation * Physical Intuition * The Heavy Quark Effective Theory * The Effective Lagrangian and its Feynman Rules * What is an Effective Theory? * The Effective Theory Beyond Tree Level * External Currents * Leading-Logs or No Leading-Logs; A digression * Sample Calculations * Symmetries * Flavor-SU(N) * Spin-SU(2) * Spectrum * Strong Transitions * Covariant Representation of States * Meson Decay Constants * Preliminaries * Formal Derivation: Green Functions * Quick and Dirty Derivation: States in the HQET * Vector Meson Decay Constant * Corrections * Form Factors in overline {B} rightarrow Deν and overline {B} rightarrow D ^ast {e}ν * Preliminaries * Form Factors in the HQET * Form Factors in order αs * 1/MQ * The Correcting Lagrangian * The Corrected Currents * Corrections of order mc/mb * Corrections of order overline {Λ} /m_c and overline {Λ} /m_c * Conclusions and More * Inclusive Semileptonic Decay Rates * overline {B} rightarrow Π {e} overline {ν} and overline {B} rightarrow Π {e} overline {ν} * Rare overline {B} decays * e^+ e^- rightarrow {B} overline {B} * λb → λcDs vs λb → λc D*s * Factorization * A Last Word (or Two) * References * An Overview of Nonleptonic Decays of B, D, K Mesons and CP-Noninvariance * Generic Ways to Study Nonleptonic Decays and CP-Noninvariance * The Quark-Diagram Scheme * Invariants of the CKM and the Universal Decay-Amplitude CP-Noninvariance Factor Xcp * Implications of Measuring Partial-Decay-Rate Asymmetries in B± Decays and in Neutral B Decays such as B0, overline {B}^{0} rightarrow K_sJ/{Ψ} * Nonleptonic Decays of D Mesons: From the CKM Non- and Singly-Suppressed Decays to the Predictions of Doubly-Suppressed Decays * Charm Meson D Decays into Vector and Pseudoscalar Bosons, D → VP * Charm Meson Decays into Pseudoscalar-Pseudoscalar Mesons, D → PP * Charm Meson Decays into Vector-Vector Mesons, D → VV * Nonleptonic Decays of B Mesons * The CKM Non-Suppressed Decays * Interesting Features in the Rare B Meson Decays * CP-Noninvariance in K Meson Decays * Implications of Measurement of Re( ɛ'/ɛ) * Other Important Searches for Decay-Amplitude CP Noninvariance in Strange Particles * Some Generic Properties of Decay-Amplitude CP-Noninvariance * References * Top Quark Physics * Introduction * The Top Quark Exists * Upper Limit on Mt * Other Constraints on Mt * Production of Top * Hadron Colliders * SM Top Decays * Detecting SM Tops-Signatures * Model-Independent Lower Limit on Mt * Determining the Charge of a New Heavy Quark * When the Top Quark is Detected * Top Decays - A Window to New Physics? * - Decay to Supersymmetric Partners * - Decay to Charged Higgs Bosons * - Flavor-Changing Neutral Current Decays * - Other possibilities * New Information Once Top is Observed * Studying the Top Decays Couplings * The Top Quark at N LC * Measuring Mt - How Well? * Sharper Predictions for Many Observables * Measuring Vts, Vtd, Vtb and Γ(t → bW) * Top Polarization Predictions - A New Observable * Testing QCD Polarization Predictions * Correlation of Top Spin Direction with Final b, l+ Directions and Top Mass Measurements * Measuring P_{pm} ^ t * General Top Couplings * One Loop Corrections to Top Decay * Decay Helicity Amplitudes * New Sources of CP Violation at the Weak Scale? * The Effect of Top Loops on Higgs Masses * Is t → Wb a Background for Studying TeV WW Interactions? * Predictions for Mt * Final Remarks * References * High Precision Radiative Corrections in the Semileptonic Decays of Hyperons * On the Decay W± → P±γ * The Decay H0 → γγ and Physics Beyond the Standard Model * Neutrino Masses and Double Beta Decay * Neutrino Oscillations in a Medium: Analytic Calculation of Nonadiabatic Transitions * Gauge-Invariant Perturbation Theory Near a Gauge Resonance * Lower Dimensional Divergences in Gauge Theories * Strange Stars: Which is the Ground State of QCD at Finite Baryon Number? * Experimental Signatures of the SU(5)c Color Model * Generalized Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics * Chern-Simons Theories in 2 + 1 Dimensions * List of participants

  8. Precision measurement of ^23Al beta-decay

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhai, Yongjun; Iacob, V. E.; Hardy, J. C.; Al-Abdullah, T.; Banu, A.; Fu, C.; Golovko, V. V.; McCleskey, M.; Nica, N.; Park, H. I.; Tabacaru, G.; Tribble, R. E.; Trache, L.

    2007-10-01

    The beta-decay of ^23Al (See [1]) was re-measured with higher statistics and better accuracy at Texas A&M University. Using MARS we produced and separated pure ^23Al at 4000 pps, with a 48 MeV/u ^24Mg beam via the ^24Mg (p, 2n)^ 23Al reaction on a H2 cryogenic target. New β and β-γ coincidence measurements were made with a scintillator, an HPGe detector with BGO shielding and the fast tape transport system. The BGO Compton shield very much improved the quality of the γ spectra around the transition from the IAS state at 7803 keV. From the measured β singles and β-γ coincidence decay spectra we obtained an improved β-decay scheme and a more precise lifetime: t=447(4) ms. We use the method of detailed balance to obtain absolute β-branching ratios and absolute logft values for transitions to final states in ^23Mg. For this method, precise efficiency calibration of the HPGe detector up to about 8 MeV is needed. We extended our previous efficiency calibration to the range Eγ=3.5-8 MeV using the β-decay of ^24Al. [1] V.E. Iacob, Y. Zhai et al., Phys. Rev. C 74, 045810 (2006).

  9. An alternative marker for the effectiveness of water fluoridation: hospital extraction rates for dental decay, a two-region study.

    PubMed

    Elmer, T B; Langford, J W; Morris, A J

    2014-03-01

    Contemporary evidence for the effectiveness of water fluoridation schemes in the U.K. is sparse. The utility of routinely collected data in providing evidence warrants further research. To examine inpatient hospital episodes statistics for dental extractions as an alternative population marker for the effectiveness of water fluoridation by comparing hospital admissions between two major strategic health authority (SHA) areas, the West Midlands SHA-largely fluoridated--and the North West SHA--largely unfluoridated. Hospital episodes statistics (HES) were interrogated to provide data on admissions for simple and surgical dental extractions, which had a primary diagnostic code of either dental caries or diseases of pulp and periapical tissues for financial years 2006/7, 2007/8 and 2008/9. Data was aggregated by SHA area and quinary age group. Directly standardised rates (DSR) of admissions purchased for each primary care trust (PCT) were calculated and ranked by index of multiple deprivation (IMD). A significant difference in DSRs of admission between PCTs in the West Midlands and North West was observed (Mann-Whitney U test [p <0.0001]) irrespective of IMD ranking. The difference in rates between the two most deprived PCTs was 27-fold. After ranking by IMD, DSRs of hospital admissions for the extraction of decayed or pulpally/periapically involved teeth is lower in areas with a fluoridated water supply. The analysis of routinely collected HES data may help identify the impact of water fluoridation schemes.

  10. Shape Coexistence in Odd-Mass Nuclei Near Z = 82 Closed Shell; a Study of the Excited States of Gold -185 in the BETA(+)/EC Decay of MERCURY-185.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Papanicolopoulos, Chrysanthos Dionisios

    1987-11-01

    The excited states of ^{185 }{rm Au} have been studied by the radioactive decay of {^ {185m,g}Hg.} Sources of {^{185m,g}Hg} were produced by the reaction ^{176 }Hf (^{16}O, 7n) ^{185}Hg using 140 MeV ^{16}O beams from the 25 MV folded tandem of the Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility. Sources of ^{185}Hg were mass-separated on-line using the University Isotope Separator Oak Ridge (UNISOR) facility. Multiscaled spectra of rays, x rays and conversion electrons were obtained together with gamma- gamma - t, gamma- x - t, e ^{-} - gamma - t, and e^{-}- x - t coincidence data. A decay scheme consisting of 82 excited states and 182 transitions was constructed. Bands of states associated with the s_{1over 2}, d_{3over 2} , d_{5over 2}, h_{11over 2} proton -hole configurations and the h_{9over 2} and i_{13over 2} proton-particle (intruder) configurations were constructed. In addition, a number of EO transitions were located: these de-excite levels which are interpreted as resulting from shape coexistence in the ^ {184}Pt and ^{186 }Hg "particle" and "hole" cores. The h _{9over 2} band is compared with calculations made with the Lund model of Larsson et al.

  11. A theoretical study of the relaxation of a phenyl group chemisorbed to an RDX freestanding thin film

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pereverzev, Andrey, E-mail: pereverzeva@missouri.edu; Sewell, Thomas D., E-mail: sewellt@missouri.edu

    Energy relaxation from an excited phenyl group chemisorbed to the surface of a crystalline thin film of α-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (α-RDX) at 298 K and 1 atm is simulated using molecular dynamics. Two schemes are used to excite the phenyl group. In the first scheme, the excitation energy is added instantaneously as kinetic energy by rescaling momenta of the 11 atoms in the phenyl group. In the second scheme, the phenyl group is equilibrated at a higher temperature in the presence of static RDX geometries representative of the 298 K thin film. An analytical model based on ballistic phonon transport that requiresmore » only the harmonic part of the total Hamiltonian and includes no adjustable parameters is shown to predict, essentially quantitatively, the short-time dynamics of the kinetic energy relaxation (∼200 fs). The dynamics of the phenyl group for times longer than about 6 ps follows exponential decay and agrees qualitatively with the dynamics described by a master equation. Long-time heat propagation within the bulk of the crystal film is consistent with the heat equation.« less

  12. Teleportation with insurance of an entangled atomic state via cavity decay

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chimczak, Grzegorz; Tanas, Ryszard; Miranowicz, Adam

    2005-03-01

    We propose a scheme to teleport an entangled state of two {lambda}-type three-level atoms via photons. The teleportation protocol involves the local redundant encoding protecting the initial entangled state and allowing for repeating the detection until quantum information transfer is successful. We also show how to manipulate a state of many {lambda}-type atoms trapped in a cavity.

  13. Low spin structure of 86Se: Confirmation of γ collectivity at N =52

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Materna, T.; Urban, W.; Sieja, K.; Köster, U.; Faust, H.; Czerwiński, M.; RzÄ ca-Urban, T.; Bernards, C.; Fransen, C.; Jolie, J.; Regis, J.-M.; Thomas, T.; Warr, N.

    2015-09-01

    The 86Se nucleus has been investigated by γ -ray spectroscopy using an array of Ge detectors placed at the exit of the fission-fragment mass separator Lohengrin of the Institut Laue-Langevin. New transitions have been identified by studying the β decay of 86As. An excitation scheme is proposed and includes a 22+ level at 1399 keV and a possible 3+ level that are well reproduced by shell model calculations with the most recent parametrization. The properties of the excitations indicate a possible onset of γ collectivity in 86Se.

  14. Time-resolved fluorescence and ultrafast energy transfer in a zinc (hydr)oxide-graphite oxide mesoporous composite

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Secor, Jeff; Narinesingh, Veeshan; Seredych, Mykola; Giannakoudakis, Dimitrios A.; Bandosz, Teresa; Alfano, Robert R.

    2015-01-01

    Ultrafast energy decay kinetics of a zinc (hydr)oxide-graphite oxide (GO) composite is studied via time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The time-resolved emission is spectrally decomposed into emission regions originating from the zinc (hydr)oxide optical gap, surface, and defect states of the composite material. The radiative lifetime of deep red emission becomes an order of magnitude longer than that of GO alone while the radiative lifetime of the zinc optical gap is shortened in the composite. An energy transfer scheme from the zinc (hydr)oxide to GO is considered.

  15. Absence of first-order unbinding transitions of fluid and polymerized membranes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Grotehans, Stefan; Lipowsky, Reinhard

    1990-01-01

    Unbinding transitions of fluid and polymerized membranes are studied by renormalization-group (RG) methods. Two different RG schemes are used and found to give rather consistent results. The fixed-point structure of both RG's exhibits a complex behavior as a function of the decay exponent tau for the fluctuation-induced interaction of the membranes. For tau greater than tau(S2) interacting membranes can undergo first-order transitions even in the strong-fluctuation regime. These estimates for tau(S2) imply, however, that both fluid and polymerized membranes unbind in a continuous way in the absence of lateral tension.

  16. High-Statistics Study of the β+/EC-Decay of 110In

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Diaz Varela, A.; Garrett, P. E.; Ball, G. C.; Banjay, J. C.; Cross, D. S.; Demand, G. A.; Finlay, P.; Garnsworthy, A. B.; Green, K. L.; Hackman, G.; Kulp, W. D.; Leach, K. G.; Orce, J. N.; Phillips, A. A.; Rand, E. T.; Svensson, C. E.; Sumithrarachchi, C.; Triambak, S.; Wong, J.; Wood, J. L.; Yates, S. W.

    2014-03-01

    A study of the 110In β+/EC decay was performed at the TRIUMF Isotope Separator and Accelerator (ISAC) facility to probe the nuclear structure of 110Cd. The data were collected in scaled-down γ-ray singles, γ - γ coincidence, and γ-electron coincidence mode. The data were sorted and a random-background subtracted γ - γ matrix was created containing a total of 850 million events. We expanded the level scheme of 110Cd significantly by identifying 75 levels under 3.8 MeV, including 12 new ones, and increased the number of previously observed transitions from these levels to 273. The γ-ray branching intensities have been extracted through an analysis of the coincidence intensities. The branching ratios were combined with a reanalysis of lifetimes measurements obtained in an (n, n'γ) reaction with monoenergetic neutrons for the calculation of B(E2) values and these results have lead to the proposal of a γ-soft rotor, or O(6) nucleus, rather than a vibrational, or U(5) pattern for the nature of the low-lying, low-spin levels in 110Cd.

  17. {beta}-decay half-lives of new neutron-rich rare-earth isotopes {sup 159}Pm,{sup 162}Sm, and {sup 166}Gd

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ichikawa, S.; Asai, M.; Tsukada, K.

    The new neutron-rich rare-earth isotopes {sup 159}Pm, {sup 162}Sm, and {sup 166}Gd produced in the proton-induced fission of {sup 238}U were identified using the JAERI on-line isotope separator (JAERI-ISOL) coupled to a gas-jet transport system. The half-lives of {sup 159}Pm, {sup 162}Sm, and {sup 166}Gd were determined to be 1.5 {+-} 0.2, 2.4 {+-} 0.5, and 4.8 {+-} 1.0 s respectively. The partial decay scheme of {sup 166}Gd was constructed from {gamma}{gamma}-coincidence data. A more accurate half-life value of 25.6 {+-} 2.2 s was obtained for the previously identified isotope {sup 166}Tb. The half-lives measured in the present study aremore » in good agreement with the theoretical predictions calculated by the second generation of the gross theory with the atomic masses evaluated by Audi and Wapstra.« less

  18. Evidence for Breakdown of Vibrational Motion in ^110Cd

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bangay, Jack; Garrett, Paul; Bianco, Laura; Leach, Kyle; Finlay, Paul; Green, Katie; Phillips, Andrew; Rand, Evan; Svensson, Carl; Sumithrarachchi, Chandana; Wong, James

    2009-10-01

    ^110Cd has long been considered an excellent example of a vibrational nucleus. However, recent work with other even-even Cadmium isotopes show a breakdown of vibrational motion at the 2 and 3-phonon level, suggesting the need for more precise measurements on ^110Cd. The structure of ^110Cd is studied with the (n,n^'γ) reaction performed at the University of Kentucky, as well as with the high statistics β-decay of ^110In performed at the TRIUMF-ISAC facility using the 8π spectrometer. Excitation funcions and angular distributions from the (n,n^'γ) reaction provide us with spectroscopic information on the level scheme, including level lifetimes and spins. This data is complemented by the γγ coincidences measured in the ^110In β-decay that allows the observation of, or stringent limit on, weak, low-energy branches between levels at high excitation energy. Details of the analysis to date, including candidates for the full octupole-quadrupole coupled quintuplet, will be presented.

  19. Quantitative analysis of backbone dynamics in a crystalline protein from nitrogen-15 spin-lattice relaxation.

    PubMed

    Giraud, Nicolas; Blackledge, Martin; Goldman, Maurice; Böckmann, Anja; Lesage, Anne; Penin, François; Emsley, Lyndon

    2005-12-28

    A detailed analysis of nitrogen-15 longitudinal relaxation times in microcrystalline proteins is presented. A theoretical model to quantitatively interpret relaxation times is developed in terms of motional amplitude and characteristic time scale. Different averaging schemes are examined in order to propose an analysis of relaxation curves that takes into account the specificity of MAS experiments. In particular, it is shown that magic angle spinning averages the relaxation rate experienced by a single spin over one rotor period, resulting in individual relaxation curves that are dependent on the orientation of their corresponding carousel with respect to the rotor axis. Powder averaging thus leads to a nonexponential behavior in the observed decay curves. We extract dynamic information from experimental decay curves, using a diffusion in a cone model. We apply this study to the analysis of spin-lattice relaxation rates of the microcrystalline protein Crh at two different fields and determine differential dynamic parameters for several residues in the protein.

  20. Wealth distribution, Pareto law, and stretched exponential decay of money: Computer simulations analysis of agent-based models

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aydiner, Ekrem; Cherstvy, Andrey G.; Metzler, Ralf

    2018-01-01

    We study by Monte Carlo simulations a kinetic exchange trading model for both fixed and distributed saving propensities of the agents and rationalize the person and wealth distributions. We show that the newly introduced wealth distribution - that may be more amenable in certain situations - features a different power-law exponent, particularly for distributed saving propensities of the agents. For open agent-based systems, we analyze the person and wealth distributions and find that the presence of trap agents alters their amplitude, leaving however the scaling exponents nearly unaffected. For an open system, we show that the total wealth - for different trap agent densities and saving propensities of the agents - decreases in time according to the classical Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts stretched exponential law. Interestingly, this decay does not depend on the trap agent density, but rather on saving propensities. The system relaxation for fixed and distributed saving schemes are found to be different.

  1. Direct Numerical Simulation of Passive Scalar Mixing in Shock Turbulence Interaction

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gao, Xiangyu; Bermejo-Moreno, Ivan; Larsson, Johan

    2017-11-01

    Passive scalar mixing in the canonical shock-turbulence interaction configuration is investigated through shock-capturing Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). Scalar fields with different Schmidt numbers are transported by an initially isotropic turbulent flow field passing across a nominally planar shock wave. A solution-adaptive hybrid numerical scheme on Cartesian structured grids is used, that combines a fifth-order WENO scheme near shocks and a sixth-order central-difference scheme away from shocks. The simulations target variations in the shock Mach number, M (from 1.5 to 3), turbulent Mach number, Mt (from 0.1 to 0.4, including wrinkled- and broken-shock regimes), and scalar Schmidt numbers, Sc (from 0.5 to 2), while keeping the Taylor microscale Reynolds number constant (Reλ 40). The effects on passive scalar statistics are investigated, including the streamwise evolution of scalar variance budgets, pdfs and spectra, in comparison with their temporal evolution in decaying isotropic turbulence.

  2. Scheme for generating the singlet state of three atoms trapped in distant cavities coupled by optical fibers

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wang, Dong-Yang; Wen, Jing-Ji; Bai, Cheng-Hua

    2015-09-15

    An effective scheme is proposed to generate the singlet state with three four-level atoms trapped in three distant cavities connected with each other by three optical fibers, respectively. After a series of appropriate atom–cavity interactions, which can be arbitrarily controlled via the selective pairing of Raman transitions and corresponding optical switches, a three-atom singlet state can be successfully generated. The influence of atomic spontaneous decay, photon leakage of cavities and optical fibers on the fidelity of the state is numerically simulated showing that the three-atom singlet state can be generated with high fidelity by choosing the experimental parameters appropriately.

  3. A Facile Two-Step Method to Implement N√ {iSWAP} and N√ {SWAP} Gates in a Circuit QED

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Said, T.; Chouikh, A.; Bennai, M.

    2018-05-01

    We propose a way for implementing a two-step N√ {iSWAP} and N √ {SWAP} gates based on the qubit-qubit interaction with N superconducting qubits, by coupling them to a resonator driven by a strong microwave field. The operation times do not increase with the growth of the qubit number. Due to the virtual excitations of the resonator, the scheme is insensitive to the decay of the resonator. Numerical analysis shows that the scheme can be implemented with high fidelity. Moreover, we propose a detailed procedure and analyze the experimental feasibility. So, our proposal can be experimentally realized in the range of current circuit QED techniques.

  4. Background Characterization for Thermal Ion Release Experiments with 224Ra

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kwong, H.; /Stanford U., Phys. Dept.; Rowson, P.

    The Enriched Xenon Observatory for neutrinoless double beta decay uses {sup 136}Ba identification as a means for verifying the decay's occurrence in {sup 136}Xe. A current challenge is the release of Ba ions from the Ba extraction probe, and one possible solution is to heat the probe to high temperatures to release the ions. The investigation of this method requires a characterization of the alpha decay background in our test apparatus, which uses a {sup 228}Th source that produces {sup 224}Ra daughters, the ionization energies of which are similar to those of Ba. For this purpose, we ran a backgroundmore » count with our apparatus maintained at a vacuum, and then three counts with the apparatus filled with Xe gas. We were able to match up our alpha spectrum in vacuum with the known decay scheme of {sup 228}Th, while the spectrum in xenon gas had too many unresolved ambiguities for an accurate characterization. We also found that the alpha decays occurred at a near-zero rate both in vacuum and in xenon gas, which indicates that the rate was determined by {sup 228}Th decays. With these background measurements, we can in the future make a more accurate measurement of the temperature dependency of the ratio of ions to neutral atoms released from the hot surface of the probe, which may lead to a successful method of Ba ion release.« less

  5. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=244

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nesaraja, C. D.

    2017-12-01

    Available information pertaining to the nuclear structure of ground and excited states for all known nuclei with mass numbers A=244 have been compiled and evaluated. The adopted level and decay schemes, as well as the detailed nuclear properties and configuration assignments based on experimental data are presented for these nuclides. When there are insufficient data, expected values from systematics of nuclear properties and/or theoretical calculations are quoted. Unexpected or discrepant experimental results are also noted. Information provided in 244U is tentative as it is from the possible production in the study of 1960Di03 of debris of the first large-scale thermonuclear test (Ivy Mike) of November 1, 1952 in the Pacific Ocean. No new experimental data are available for 244Np with the information for g.s Jπ considered tentative. Experimental work is needed for 244Np as theoretical work and systematics along with the Gallagher-Moszkowski rules that suggest either Jπ=2+ or 7-. Jπ = (7-) g.s has been considered by the evaluator due to population of high spin states in the beta decay study. In 244Pu, a new K isomer was identified and in addition rotational bands built on the isomer have been observed via the deep inelastic excitation. However, there has been no new measurements since the last evaluation to determine the ratio of the energy levels of the first 4+ state to the first 2+ state (E4+/E2+) in 244Pu that showed a discrepancy from a typical value of 3.333. In the current evaluation, the evaluator has considered the 110γ measured in the 244Np β-decay questionable. Further research into the determination of the gammas depopulating these levels is necessary. In 244Am, specifically the (d,p) transfer reaction and in the (n, γ) secondary γ's, there are a large number of gammas that are unplaced. Since its last measurement in 1966, the electron capture dataset has been updated with a tentative partial level scheme for 244Cm which also provided a new half-life measurement for 244Bk. In 244Fm, a fusion evaporation experiment measured the half-life and provided upper limits for the SF, α decay, and ε branching. A summary and compilation of the discovery of various isotopes in this mass region is given in 2013Fr02 (244Np, 244Pu, 244Am, 244Cm, 244Bk, and 244Cf), 2011Me01 (244Es), and 2013Th02 (244Fm). This work supersedes the 2003 evaluation by Y.A. Akovali (2003Ak04).

  6. Experimental study of heating scheme effect on the inner divertor power footprint widths in EAST lower single null discharges

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Deng, G. Z.; Xu, J. C.; Liu, X.; Liu, X. J.; Liu, J. B.; Zhang, H.; Liu, S. C.; Chen, L.; Yan, N.; Feng, W.; Liu, H.; Xia, T. Y.; Zhang, B.; Shao, L. M.; Ming, T. F.; Xu, G. S.; Guo, H. Y.; Xu, X. Q.; Gao, X.; Wang, L.

    2018-04-01

    A comprehensive work of the effects of plasma current and heating schemes on divertor power footprint widths is carried out in the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST). The divertor power footprint widths, i.e., the scrape-off layer heat flux decay length λ q and the heat spreading S, are crucial physical and engineering parameters for fusion reactors. Strong inverse scaling of λ q and S with plasma current have been demonstrated for both neutral beam (NB) and lower hybrid wave (LHW) heated L-mode and H-mode plasmas at the inner divertor target. For plasmas heated by the combination of the two kinds of auxiliary heating schemes (NB and LHW), the divertor power widths tend to be larger in plasmas with higher ratio of LHW power. Comparison between experimental heat flux profiles at outer mid-plane (OMP) and divertor target for NB heated and LHW heated L-mode plasmas reveals that the magnetic topology changes induced by LHW may be the main reason to the wider divertor power widths in LHW heated discharges. The effect of heating schemes on divertor peak heat flux has also been investigated, and it is found that LHW heated discharges tend to have a lower divertor peak heat flux compared with NB heated discharges under similar input power. All these findings seem to suggest that plasmas with LHW auxiliary heating scheme are better heat exhaust scenarios for fusion reactors and should be the priorities for the design of next-step fusion reactors like China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor.

  7. Autoregressive processes with exponentially decaying probability distribution functions: applications to daily variations of a stock market index.

    PubMed

    Porto, Markus; Roman, H Eduardo

    2002-04-01

    We consider autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) processes in which the variance sigma(2)(y) depends linearly on the absolute value of the random variable y as sigma(2)(y) = a+b absolute value of y. While for the standard model, where sigma(2)(y) = a + b y(2), the corresponding probability distribution function (PDF) P(y) decays as a power law for absolute value of y-->infinity, in the linear case it decays exponentially as P(y) approximately exp(-alpha absolute value of y), with alpha = 2/b. We extend these results to the more general case sigma(2)(y) = a+b absolute value of y(q), with 0 < q < 2. We find stretched exponential decay for 1 < q < 2 and stretched Gaussian behavior for 0 < q < 1. As an application, we consider the case q=1 as our starting scheme for modeling the PDF of daily (logarithmic) variations in the Dow Jones stock market index. When the history of the ARCH process is taken into account, the resulting PDF becomes a stretched exponential even for q = 1, with a stretched exponent beta = 2/3, in a much better agreement with the empirical data.

  8. Optical spectroscopy of BaY2F8:Dy3+

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Parisi, Daniela; Toncelli, Alessandra; Tonelli, Mauro; Cavalli, Enrico; Bovero, Enrico; Belletti, Alessandro

    2005-05-01

    The optical spectra of the BaY2F8:Dy3+ laser crystal have been investigated in the 5000-30 000 cm-1 range. The Judd-Ofelt parametrization scheme has been applied to the analysis of the room temperature absorption spectra. The calculated radiative lifetime of the 4F9/2 state is 1.48 ms. Decay curves of the visible emission have been measured as a function of the temperature for two different Dy3+ concentrations (0.5 and 4.4%). In the case of the diluted crystal the emission profiles are single exponential with decay times consistent with the radiative lifetime. The decay curves of the concentrated crystal are not exponential and they obey the Inokuti-Hirayama model for energy transfer for an electric dipole-dipole interaction in the absence of diffusion among the donors. The emission cross section at 575 nm has been estimated using the integral β-τ method in order to assess the potentialities of this compound as a solid state laser material in the yellow region.

  9. Signal enhancement for the sensitivity-limited solid state NMR experiments using a continuous, non-uniform acquisition scheme

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Qiang, Wei

    2011-12-01

    We describe a sampling scheme for the two-dimensional (2D) solid state NMR experiments, which can be readily applied to the sensitivity-limited samples. The sampling scheme utilizes continuous, non-uniform sampling profile for the indirect dimension, i.e. the acquisition number decreases as a function of the evolution time ( t1) in the indirect dimension. For a beta amyloid (Aβ) fibril sample, we observed overall 40-50% signal enhancement by measuring the cross peak volume, while the cross peak linewidths remained comparable to the linewidths obtained by regular sampling and processing strategies. Both the linear and Gaussian decay functions for the acquisition numbers result in similar percentage of increment in signal. In addition, we demonstrated that this sampling approach can be applied with different dipolar recoupling approaches such as radiofrequency assisted diffusion (RAD) and finite-pulse radio-frequency-driven recoupling (fpRFDR). This sampling scheme is especially suitable for the sensitivity-limited samples which require long signal averaging for each t1 point, for instance the biological membrane proteins where only a small fraction of the sample is isotopically labeled.

  10. Chemical purification of lanthanides for low-background experiments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Boiko, R. S.

    2017-10-01

    There are many potentially active isotopes among the lanthanide elements which are possible to use for low-background experiments to search for double β decay, dark matter, to investigate rare α and β decays. These kind of experiments require very low level of radioactive contamination, but commercially available compounds of lanthanides are always contamined by uranium, thorium, radium, potassium, etc. A simple chemical method based on liquid-liquid extraction has been applied for the purification of CeO2, Nd2O3 and Gd˙2O˙3 from radioactive traces. Detailed schemes of purification procedure are described. Measurements by using HPGe spectrometry demonstrate high efficiency in K, Ra, Th, U contaminations reduction on at least one order of magnitude.

  11. Decoherence control mechanisms of a charged magneto-oscillator in contact with different environments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rajesh, Asam; Bandyopadhyay, Malay; Jayannavar, Arun M.

    2017-12-01

    In this work, we consider two different techniques based on reservoir engineering process and quantum Zeno control method to analyze the decoherence control mechanism of a charged magneto-oscillator in contact with different type of environment. Our analysis reveals that both the control mechanisms are very much sensitive on the details of different environmental spectrum (J (ω)), and also on different system and reservoir parameters, e.g., external magnetic field (rc), confinement length (r0), temperature (T), cut-off frequency of reservoir spectrum (ωcut), and measurement interval (τ). We also demonstrate the manipulation scheme of the continuous passage from decay suppression to decay acceleration by tuning the above mentioned system or reservoir parameters, e.g., rc, r0, T and τ.

  12. Learning to Generate Sequences with Combination of Hebbian and Non-hebbian Plasticity in Recurrent Spiking Neural Networks

    PubMed Central

    Panda, Priyadarshini; Roy, Kaushik

    2017-01-01

    Synaptic Plasticity, the foundation for learning and memory formation in the human brain, manifests in various forms. Here, we combine the standard spike timing correlation based Hebbian plasticity with a non-Hebbian synaptic decay mechanism for training a recurrent spiking neural model to generate sequences. We show that inclusion of the adaptive decay of synaptic weights with standard STDP helps learn stable contextual dependencies between temporal sequences, while reducing the strong attractor states that emerge in recurrent models due to feedback loops. Furthermore, we show that the combined learning scheme suppresses the chaotic activity in the recurrent model substantially, thereby enhancing its' ability to generate sequences consistently even in the presence of perturbations. PMID:29311774

  13. Picosecond Dynamics Of The GaAs (110) Surface Studied With Laser Photoemission

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Haight, R.; Silberman, J. A.; Lilie, M. I.

    1988-08-01

    A novel laser system and detection scheme is described which has been developed to investigate the transient dynamics of photoexcited electrons at material surfaces and interfaces with photoemission. The excited carrier population on the surface of GaAs (110) and the related Cr/GaAs (110) surface has been studied with 1-2 picosecond time resolution. Studies reveal a rapid rise and fall of the photexcited carrier population at the clean semiconductor surface within 15 picoseconds of excitation. For times greater than 15 picoseconds the carrier density decays slowly. Studies of the photoexcited surface after deposition of small numbers of Cr atoms reveal a remarkable decrease in the carrier density observed at the surface for a coverage as low as .006 monolayer.

  14. Precision calculations for h → WW/ZZ → 4 fermions in a singlet extension of the Standard Model with P rophecy4 f

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Altenkamp, Lukas; Boggia, Michele; Dittmaier, Stefan

    2018-04-01

    We consider an extension of the Standard Model by a real singlet scalar field with a ℤ2-symmetric Lagrangian and spontaneous symmetry breaking with vacuum expectation value for the singlet. Considering the lighter of the two scalars of the theory to be the 125 GeV Higgs particle, we parametrize the scalar sector by the mass of the heavy Higgs boson, a mixing angle α, and a scalar Higgs self-coupling λ 12. Taking into account theoretical constraints from perturbativity and vacuum stability, we compute next-to-leading-order electroweak and QCD corrections to the decays h → WW/ZZ → 4 fermions of the light Higgs boson for some scenarios proposed in the literature. We formulate two renormalization schemes and investigate the conversion of the input parameters between the schemes, finding sizeable effects. Solving the renormalization-group equations for the \\overline{MS} parameters α and λ 12, we observe a significantly reduced scale and scheme dependence in the next-to-leading-order results. For some scenarios suggested in the literature, the total decay width for the process h → 4 f is computed as a function of the mixing angle and compared to the width of a corresponding Standard Model Higgs boson, revealing deviations below 10%. Differential distributions do not show significant distortions by effects beyond the Standard Model. The calculations are implemented in the Monte Carlo generator P rophecy4 f, which is ready for applications in data analyses in the framework of the singlet extension.

  15. A discontinuous Galerkin method for nonlinear parabolic equations and gradient flow problems with interaction potentials

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sun, Zheng; Carrillo, José A.; Shu, Chi-Wang

    2018-01-01

    We consider a class of time-dependent second order partial differential equations governed by a decaying entropy. The solution usually corresponds to a density distribution, hence positivity (non-negativity) is expected. This class of problems covers important cases such as Fokker-Planck type equations and aggregation models, which have been studied intensively in the past decades. In this paper, we design a high order discontinuous Galerkin method for such problems. If the interaction potential is not involved, or the interaction is defined by a smooth kernel, our semi-discrete scheme admits an entropy inequality on the discrete level. Furthermore, by applying the positivity-preserving limiter, our fully discretized scheme produces non-negative solutions for all cases under a time step constraint. Our method also applies to two dimensional problems on Cartesian meshes. Numerical examples are given to confirm the high order accuracy for smooth test cases and to demonstrate the effectiveness for preserving long time asymptotics.

  16. Solutions of the Taylor-Green Vortex Problem Using High-Resolution Explicit Finite Difference Methods

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    DeBonis, James R.

    2013-01-01

    A computational fluid dynamics code that solves the compressible Navier-Stokes equations was applied to the Taylor-Green vortex problem to examine the code s ability to accurately simulate the vortex decay and subsequent turbulence. The code, WRLES (Wave Resolving Large-Eddy Simulation), uses explicit central-differencing to compute the spatial derivatives and explicit Low Dispersion Runge-Kutta methods for the temporal discretization. The flow was first studied and characterized using Bogey & Bailley s 13-point dispersion relation preserving (DRP) scheme. The kinetic energy dissipation rate, computed both directly and from the enstrophy field, vorticity contours, and the energy spectra are examined. Results are in excellent agreement with a reference solution obtained using a spectral method and provide insight into computations of turbulent flows. In addition the following studies were performed: a comparison of 4th-, 8th-, 12th- and DRP spatial differencing schemes, the effect of the solution filtering on the results, the effect of large-eddy simulation sub-grid scale models, and the effect of high-order discretization of the viscous terms.

  17. Whole-cell biosensor of cellobiose and application to wood decay detection.

    PubMed

    Toussaint, Maxime; Bontemps, Cyril; Besserer, Arnaud; Hotel, Laurence; Gérardin, Philippe; Leblond, Pierre

    2016-12-10

    Fungal biodegradation of wood is one of the main threats regarding its use as a material. So far, the detection of this decaying process is empirically assessed by loss of mass, when the fungal attack is advanced and woody structure already damaged. Being able to detect fungal attack on wood in earlier steps is thus of special interest for the wood economy. In this aim, we designed here a new diagnostic tool for wood degradation detection based on the bacterial whole-cell biosensor technology. It was designed in diverting the soil bacteria Streptomyces CebR sensor system devoted to cellobiose detection, a cellulolytic degradation by-product emitted by lignolytic fungi since the onset of wood decaying process. The conserved regulation scheme of the CebR system among Streptomyces allowed constructing a molecular tool easily transferable in different strains or species and enabling the screen for optimal host strains for cellobiose detection. Assays are performed in microplates using one-day culture lysates. Diagnostic is performed within one hour by a spectrophotometric measuring of the cathecol deshydrogenase activity. The selected biosensor was able to detect specifically cellobiose at concentrations similar to those measured in decaying wood and in a spruce leachate attacked by a lignolytic fungus, indicating a high potential of applicability to detect ongoing wood decay process. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. Simulation of decay processes and radiation transport times in radioactivity measurements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    García-Toraño, E.; Peyres, V.; Bé, M.-M.; Dulieu, C.; Lépy, M.-C.; Salvat, F.

    2017-04-01

    The Fortran subroutine package PENNUC, which simulates random decay pathways of radioactive nuclides, is described. The decay scheme of the active nuclide is obtained from the NUCLEIDE database, whose web application has been complemented with the option of exporting nuclear decay data (possible nuclear transitions, branching ratios, type and energy of emitted particles) in a format that is readable by the simulation subroutines. In the case of beta emitters, the initial energy of the electron or positron is sampled from the theoretical Fermi spectrum. De-excitation of the atomic electron cloud following electron capture and internal conversion is described using transition probabilities from the LLNL Evaluated Atomic Data Library and empirical or calculated energies of released X rays and Auger electrons. The time evolution of radiation showers is determined by considering the lifetimes of nuclear and atomic levels, as well as radiation propagation times. Although PENNUC is designed to operate independently, here it is used in conjunction with the electron-photon transport code PENELOPE, and both together allow the simulation of experiments with radioactive sources in complex material structures consisting of homogeneous bodies limited by quadric surfaces. The reliability of these simulation tools is demonstrated through comparisons of simulated and measured energy spectra from radionuclides with complex multi-gamma spectra, nuclides with metastable levels in their decay pathways, nuclides with two daughters, and beta plus emitters.

  19. Evaluation of prompt gamma-ray data and nuclear structure of niobium-94 with statistical model calculations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Turkoglu, Danyal

    Precise knowledge of prompt gamma-ray intensities following neutron capture is critical for elemental and isotopic analyses, homeland security, modeling nuclear reactors, etc. A recently-developed database of prompt gamma-ray production cross sections and nuclear structure information in the form of a decay scheme, called the Evaluated Gamma-ray Activation File (EGAF), is under revision. Statistical model calculations are useful for checking the consistency of the decay scheme, providing insight on its completeness and accuracy. Furthermore, these statistical model calculations are necessary to estimate the contribution of continuum gamma-rays, which cannot be experimentally resolved due to the high density of excited states in medium- and heavy-mass nuclei. Decay-scheme improvements in EGAF lead to improvements to other databases (Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File, Reference Input Parameter Library) that are ultimately used in nuclear-reaction models to generate the Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF). Gamma-ray transitions following neutron capture in 93Nb have been studied at the cold-neutron beam facility at the Budapest Research Reactor. Measurements have been performed using a coaxial HPGe detector with Compton suppression. Partial gamma-ray production capture cross sections at a neutron velocity of 2200 m/s have been deduced relative to that of the 255.9-keV transition after cold-neutron capture by 93Nb. With the measurement of a niobium chloride target, this partial cross section was internally standardized to the cross section for the 1951-keV transition after cold-neutron capture by 35Cl. The resulting (0.1377 +/- 0.0018) barn (b) partial cross section produced a calibration factor that was 23% lower than previously measured for the EGAF database. The thermal-neutron cross sections were deduced for the 93Nb(n,gamma ) 94mNb and 93Nb(n,gamma) 94gNb reactions by summing the experimentally-measured partial gamma-ray production cross sections associated with the ground-state transitions below the 396-keV level and combining that summation with the contribution to the ground state from the quasi-continuum above 396 keV, determined with Monte Carlo statistical model calculations using the DICEBOX computer code. These values, sigmam and sigma 0, were (0.83 +/- 0.05) b and (1.16 +/- 0.11) b, respectively, and found to be in agreement with literature values. Comparison of the modeled population and experimental depopulation of individual levels confirmed tentative spin assignments and suggested changes where imbalances existed.

  20. Lattice Simulations in MOM v.s. Schroedinger Functional Scheme and Triality

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Furui, Sadataka

    The QCD beta function extracted from polarized electron proton scattering data obtained at JLab and the lattice simulation in the MOM scheme suggest that the critical flavor number for the presence of IR fixed point is about three. In analyses of Schroedinger functional scheme, however, critical flavor number for the presence of IR fixed point and the conformality is larger than nine.In the QCD analysis, when quarks are expressed in quaternion basis, the product of quaternions are expressed by octonions and the octonion posesses the triality symmetry. Since the triality has the effect of multiplying the falvor number, it couldmore » explain the apparent large critical flavor number in the Schroedinger functinal scheme. In this scheme, larger degrees of freedom in adjusting data of different scales on the boundary are necessary than in the MOM scheme.In weak interaction, there is no clear lepton-flavor violation except in the neutrino oscillation. If the triality is assigned to the lepton flavors(e,{mu} and {tau}) and they are assumed to be exact symmetry, or the electro-magnetic interaction preserves tiality, but the strong interaction is triality blind, there is a possibility of explaining the neutrino oscillation through triality mixing of the matter field.The self energy of gluons, ghost and gauge bosons due to self-dual gauge fields and leptonic decays of B,D and D{sub s} mesons are discussed.« less

  1. Finite-difference models of ordinary differential equations - Influence of denominator functions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mickens, Ronald E.; Smith, Arthur

    1990-01-01

    This paper discusses the influence on the solutions of finite-difference schemes of using a variety of denominator functions in the discrete modeling of the derivative for any ordinary differential equation. The results obtained are a consequence of using a generalized definition of the first derivative. A particular example of the linear decay equation is used to illustrate in detail the various solution possibilities that can occur.

  2. Concept design of a time-of-flight spectrometer for the measurement of the energy of alpha particles.

    PubMed

    García-Toraño, E

    2018-04-01

    The knowledge of the energies of the alpha particles emitted in the radioactive decay of a nuclide is a key factor in the construction of its decay scheme. Virtually all existing data are based on a few absolute measurements made by magnetic spectrometry (MS), to which most other MS measurements are traced. An alternative solution would be the use of time-of-flight detectors. This paper discusses the main aspects to be considered in the design of such detectors, and the performances that could be reasonably expected. Based on the concepts discussed here, it is estimated that an energy resolution about 2.5keV may be attainable with a good quality source. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Measurement of inclusive radiative B-meson decay B decaying to X(S) meson-gamma

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ozcan, Veysi Erkcan

    Radiative decays of the B meson, B→ Xsgamma, proceed via virtual flavor changing neutral current processes that are sensitive to contributions from high mass scales, either within the Standard Model of electroweak interactions or beyond. In the Standard Model, these transitions are sensitive to the weak interactions of the top quark, and relatively robust predictions of the inclusive decay rate exist. Significant deviation from these predictions could be interpreted as indications for processes not included in the minimal Standard Model, like interactions of charged Higgs or SUSY particles. The analysis of the inclusive photon spectrum from B→ Xsgamma decays is rather challenging due to high backgrounds from photons emitted in the decay of mesons in B decays as well as e+e- annihilation to low mass quark and lepton pairs. Based on 88.5 million BB events collected by the BABAR detector, the photon spectrum above 1.9 GeV is presented. By comparison of the first and second moments of the photon spectrum with QCD predictions (calculated in the kinetic scheme), QCD parameters describing the bound state of the b quark in the B meson are extracted: mb=4.45+/-0.16 GeV/c2m2 p=0.65+/-0.29 GeV2 These parameters are useful input to non-perturbative QCD corrections to the semileptonic B decay rate and the determination of the CKM parameter Vub. Based on these parameters and heavy quark expansion, the full branching fraction is obtained as: BRB→X sgEg >1.6GeV=4.050.32 stat+/-0.38syst +/-0.29model x10-4. This result is in good agreement with previous measurements, the statistical and systematic errors are comparable. It is also in good agreement with the theoretical Standard Model predictions, and thus within the present errors there is no indication of any interactions not accounted for in the Standard Model. This finding implies strong constraints on physics beyond the Standard Model.

  4. A ubiquitous ice size bias in simulations of tropical deep convection

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stanford, McKenna W.; Varble, Adam; Zipser, Ed; Strapp, J. Walter; Leroy, Delphine; Schwarzenboeck, Alfons; Potts, Rodney; Protat, Alain

    2017-08-01

    The High Altitude Ice Crystals - High Ice Water Content (HAIC-HIWC) joint field campaign produced aircraft retrievals of total condensed water content (TWC), hydrometeor particle size distributions (PSDs), and vertical velocity (w) in high ice water content regions of mature and decaying tropical mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). The resulting dataset is used here to explore causes of the commonly documented high bias in radar reflectivity within cloud-resolving simulations of deep convection. This bias has been linked to overly strong simulated convective updrafts lofting excessive condensate mass but is also modulated by parameterizations of hydrometeor size distributions, single particle properties, species separation, and microphysical processes. Observations are compared with three Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations of an observed MCS using different microphysics parameterizations while controlling for w, TWC, and temperature. Two popular bulk microphysics schemes (Thompson and Morrison) and one bin microphysics scheme (fast spectral bin microphysics) are compared. For temperatures between -10 and -40 °C and TWC > 1 g m-3, all microphysics schemes produce median mass diameters (MMDs) that are generally larger than observed, and the precipitating ice species that controls this size bias varies by scheme, temperature, and w. Despite a much greater number of samples, all simulations fail to reproduce observed high-TWC conditions ( > 2 g m-3) between -20 and -40 °C in which only a small fraction of condensate mass is found in relatively large particle sizes greater than 1 mm in diameter. Although more mass is distributed to large particle sizes relative to those observed across all schemes when controlling for temperature, w, and TWC, differences with observations are significantly variable between the schemes tested. As a result, this bias is hypothesized to partly result from errors in parameterized hydrometeor PSD and single particle properties, but because it is present in all schemes, it may also partly result from errors in parameterized microphysical processes present in all schemes. Because of these ubiquitous ice size biases, the frequently used microphysical parameterizations evaluated in this study inherently produce a high bias in convective reflectivity for a wide range of temperatures, vertical velocities, and TWCs.

  5. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 94

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Abriola, D.; Sonzogni, A. A.

    2006-09-01

    Experimental data on ground- and excited-state properties for all known nuclei with mass number A = 94 have been compiled and evaluated. States populated in radioactive decay, as well as in nuclear reactions, have been considered. For these nuclei, level and decay schemes, as well as tables of nuclear properties, are given. The Hager-Seltzer internal conversion coefficients are listed for gamma rays of known multipolarity. This work supersedes the 1992 evaluation by J.K. Tuli (1992Tu02). Since 1992, many articles have been published which were incorporated in this evaluation. In summary, high-spin data using large arrays of Ge detectors have been obtained for 94Kr (2000Rz02), 94Sr (1995Ha20), 94Zr (2002Fo03,2005Pa48), 94Nb (2000Ma63), 94Mo (1998Kh04), 94Tc (2000Gh01), 94Ru (1994Ju03,1994Ro08), 94Rh (1994Ar33), and 94Pd (2003Ma24). A new isomer was observed in 94Y (1999Ge01). The low-spin levels in 98Mo were systematically studied using a variety of experimental techniques (2003Fr02). Considerable effort was spent investigating the decay of 94Ag and the levels of 94Pd (2006Mu03,2005Mu15,2004BaZY,2004Pl01,2002La18), in particular, the (21+) level in 94Ag is the first level observed to undergo both single and double proton radioactivity.

  6. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 34

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nica N.; Nica,N.; Singh,B.

    2012-07-01

    Nuclear spectroscopic information for experimentally investigated nuclides of mass 34 (Ne, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca) has been evaluated. The principal sources of the Adopted Levels presented for nuclides close to the stability line are Endt's evaluations (1990En08, 1978En02). The data sets for reactions and decays, including all available gamma-ray data, are based mostly on the original literature. There are no data available for the excited states in {sup 34}Ne and {sup 34}Na. The existence of the {sup 34}K and {sup 34}Ca nuclides has been searched and reported in a secondary publication but no evidencemore » was found for their detection. Both nuclides are possible candidates for one or two-proton emission. Only upper limits of half-lives have been proposed based on expected cross sections. Decay schemes for the {beta} decays of {sup 34}Ne, {sup 34}Na, {sup 34}Mg, and {sup 34}Si are not known. Very little information is available for {beta}-delayed neutron decays of {sup 35}Na, {sup 35}Mg and {sup 35}Si which lead to population of levels in A = 34 nuclides. Neutron-rich nuclides in this mass region are relevant to 'island of inversion'.« less

  7. Off the beaten path: a new approach to realistically model the orbital decay of supermassive black holes in galaxy formation simulations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tremmel, M.; Governato, F.; Volonteri, M.; Quinn, T. R.

    2015-08-01

    We introduce a sub-grid force correction term to better model the dynamical friction experienced by a supermassive black hole (SMBH) as it orbits within its host galaxy. This new approach accurately follows an SMBH's orbital decay and drastically improves over commonly used `advection' methods. The force correction introduced here naturally scales with the force resolution of the simulation and converges as resolution is increased. In controlled experiments, we show how the orbital decay of the SMBH closely follows analytical predictions when particle masses are significantly smaller than that of the SMBH. In a cosmological simulation of the assembly of a small galaxy, we show how our method allows for realistic black hole orbits. This approach overcomes the limitations of the advection scheme, where black holes are rapidly and artificially pushed towards the halo centre and then forced to merge, regardless of their orbits. We find that SMBHs from merging dwarf galaxies can spend significant time away from the centre of the remnant galaxy. Improving the modelling of SMBH orbital decay will help in making robust predictions of the growth, detectability and merger rates of SMBHs, especially at low galaxy masses or at high redshift.

  8. Nuclear decay data files of the Dosimetry Research Group

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Eckerman, K.F.; Westfall, R.J.; Ryman, J.C.

    1993-12-01

    This report documents the nuclear decay data files used by the Dosimetry Research Group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the utility DEXRAX which provides access to the files. The files are accessed, by nuclide, to extract information on the intensities and energies of the radiations associated with spontaneous nuclear transformation of the radionuclides. In addition, beta spectral data are available for all beta-emitting nuclides. Two collections of nuclear decay data are discussed. The larger collection contains data for 838 radionuclides, which includes the 825 radionuclides assembled during the preparation of Publications 30 and 38 of the International Commission onmore » Radiological Protection (ICRP) and 13 additional nuclides evaluated in preparing a monograph for the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee of the Society of Nuclear Medicine. The second collection is composed of data from the MIRD monograph and contains information for 242 radionuclides. Abridged tabulations of these data have been published by the ICRP in Publication 38 and by the Society of Nuclear Medicine in a monograph entitled ``MIRD: Radionuclide Data and Decay Schemes.`` The beta spectral data reported here have not been published by either organization. Electronic copies of the files and the utility, along with this report, are available from the Radiation Shielding Information Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.« less

  9. Neutrinoless double-β decay in effective field theory: The light-Majorana neutrino-exchange mechanism

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cirigliano, Vincenzo; Dekens, Wouter; Mereghetti, Emanuele; Walker-Loud, André

    2018-06-01

    We present the first chiral effective theory derivation of the neutrinoless double-β decay n n →p p potential induced by light Majorana neutrino exchange. The effective-field-theory framework has allowed us to identify and parametrize short- and long-range contributions previously missed in the literature. These contributions cannot be absorbed into parametrizations of the single-nucleon form factors. Starting from the quark and gluon level, we perform the matching onto chiral effective field theory and subsequently onto the nuclear potential. To derive the nuclear potential mediating neutrinoless double-β decay, the hard, soft, and potential neutrino modes must be integrated out. This is performed through next-to-next-to-leading order in the chiral power counting, in both the Weinberg and pionless schemes. At next-to-next-to-leading order, the amplitude receives additional contributions from the exchange of ultrasoft neutrinos, which can be expressed in terms of nuclear matrix elements of the weak current and excitation energies of the intermediate nucleus. These quantities also control the two-neutrino double-β decay amplitude. Finally, we outline strategies to determine the low-energy constants that appear in the potentials, by relating them to electromagnetic couplings and/or by matching to lattice QCD calculations.

  10. KEWPIE2: A cascade code for the study of dynamical decay of excited nuclei

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lü, Hongliang; Marchix, Anthony; Abe, Yasuhisa; Boilley, David

    2016-03-01

    KEWPIE-a cascade code devoted to investigating the dynamical decay of excited nuclei, specially designed for treating very low probability events related to the synthesis of super-heavy nuclei formed in fusion-evaporation reactions-has been improved and rewritten in C++ programming language to become KEWPIE2. The current version of the code comprises various nuclear models concerning the light-particle emission, fission process and statistical properties of excited nuclei. General features of the code, such as the numerical scheme and the main physical ingredients, are described in detail. Some typical calculations having been performed in the present paper clearly show that theoretical predictions are generally in accordance with experimental data. Furthermore, since the values of some input parameters cannot be determined neither theoretically nor experimentally, a sensibility analysis is presented. To this end, we systematically investigate the effects of using different parameter values and reaction models on the final results. As expected, in the case of heavy nuclei, the fission process has the most crucial role to play in theoretical predictions. This work would be essential for numerical modeling of fusion-evaporation reactions.

  11. Analysis of loss-of-coolant accident for a fast-spectrum lithium-cooled nuclear reactor for space-power applications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Turney, G. E.; Petrik, E. J.; Kieffer, A. W.

    1972-01-01

    A two-dimensional, transient, heat-transfer analysis was made to determine the temperature response in the core of a conceptual space-power nuclear reactor following a total loss of reactor coolant. With loss of coolant from the reactor, the controlling mode of heat transfer is thermal radiation. In one of the schemes considered for removing decay heat from the core, it was assumed that the 4 pi shield which surrounds the core acts as a constant-temperature sink (temperature, 700 K) for absorption of thermal radiation from the core. Results based on this scheme of heat removal show that melting of fuel in the core is possible only when the emissivity of the heat-radiating surfaces in the core is less than about 0.40. In another scheme for removing the afterheat, the core centerline fuel pin was replaced by a redundant, constant temperature, coolant channel. Based on an emissivity of 0.20 for all material surfaces in the core, the calculated maximum fuel temperature for this scheme of heat removal was 2840 K, or about 90 K less than the melting temperature of the UN fuel.

  12. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 70

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gürdal, G.; McCutchan, E. A.

    2016-09-01

    We evaluated spectroscopic data for all nuclei with mass number A = 70, and the corresponding level schemes from radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented. Since the previous evaluation, the half-life of 70Mn has been measured and excited states in 70Fe observed for the first time. Furthermore we studied the excited states in 70Ni extensively while Coulomb excitation and collinear laser spectroscopy measurements in 70Cu have allowed for firm Jπ assignments. Despite new measurements, there remain some discrepancies in half-lives of low lying states in 70Zn. New measurements have extended the knowledge of high-spin band structures in 70Ge andmore » 70As. Our evaluation supersedes the prior A = 70 evaluation of 2004Tu09.« less

  13. Radical Abstraction Reactions with Concerted Fragmentation in the Chain Decay of Nitroalkanes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Denisov, E. T.; Shestakov, A. F.

    2018-05-01

    Reactions of the type X• + HCR2CH2NO2 → XH + R2C=CH2 + N•O2 are exothermic, due to the breaking of weak C-N bonds and the formation of energy-intensive C=C bonds. Quantum chemistry calculations of the transition state using the reactions of Et• and EtO• with 2-nitrobutane shows that such reactions can be categorized as one-step, due to the extreme instability of the intermediate nitrobutyl radical toward decay with the formation of N•O2. Kinetic parameters that allow us to calculate the energy of activation and rate constant of such a reaction from its enthalpy are estimated using a model of intersecting parabolas. Enthalpies, energies of activation, and rate constants are calculated for a series of reactions with the participation of Et•, EtO•, RO•2, N•O2 radicals on the one hand and a series of nitroalkanes on the other. A new kinetic scheme of the chain decay of nitroalkanes with the participation of abstraction reactions with concerted fragmentation is proposed on the basis of the obtained data.

  14. Precision Atomic Beam Laser Spectroscopy

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1999-02-20

    optical efficiency with a new coupled- cavity scheme. We have locked a MISER Nd:YAG laser to a finesse 50,000 cavity with a...sensitivity of optical heterodyne detection is preserved with ZERO sensitivity to small laser / cavity frequency noises. The new method is called Noise-Immune...1996), P. Dube, L.- S. Ma, J. Ye, and J.L.Hall. 9 . "Free-induction decay in molecular iodine measured with an extended - cavity diode laser ,"

  15. Combining universal and odd RR axions for aligned natural inflation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gao, Xin; Li, Tianjun; Shukla, Pramod, E-mail: xingao@vt.edu, E-mail: tli@itp.ac.cn, E-mail: pkshukla@to.infn.it

    2014-10-01

    We successfully embed the Kim-Nilles-Peloso (KNP) alignment mechanism for enhancing the axion decay constant in the context of large volume type IIB orientifolds. The flat direction is generated in the plane of (C{sub 0}-C{sub 2}) axions corresponding to the involutively even universal axion C{sub 0} and odd axion C{sub 2}, respectively. The moduli stabilization with large volume scheme has been established as well.

  16. Terahertz-wave surface-emitted difference-frequency generation without quasi-phase-matching technique.

    PubMed

    Avetisyan, Yuri H

    2010-08-01

    A scheme of terahertz (THz)-wave surface-emitted difference-frequency generation (SEDFG), which lacks the drawbacks associated with the usage of periodically orientation-inverted structures, is proposed. It is shown that both material birefringence of the bulk LiNbO(3) crystal and modal birefringence of GaAs/AlAs waveguide are sufficient to obtain SEDFG up to a frequency of approximately 3THz. The simplicity of the proposed scheme, along with the fact that there is a much smaller THz-wave decay in nonlinear crystal, makes it a good candidate for the practical realization of efficient THz generation. The use of a GaAs waveguide with an oxidized AlAs layer is proposed for enhanced THz-wave SEDFG in the vicinity of the GaAs polariton resonance at 8THz.

  17. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 26

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Basunia, M.S.; Hurst, A.M.

    2016-05-15

    Evaluated spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reaction studies are presented for {sup 26}O, {sup 26}F, {sup 26}Ne, {sup 26}Na, {sup 26}Mg, {sup 26}Al, {sup 26}Si, {sup 26}P, and {sup 26}S. This evaluation for A = 26 supersedes the earlier one by P. M. Endt (1998En04) and updates for some nuclides in ENSDF. Highlights of this evaluation are the following: This evaluation includes search results for {sup 26}S nuclide and its proton–decay mode (2011Fo08). An isomeric state (2.2 ms) in {sup 26}F has been discovered by 2013Le03. The state is proposed at 643.4 keV 1 frommore » γ–ray measurements. Internal-transition and beta-decay branches for the state are also determined. New excited levels in {sup 26}Ne have been identified from {sup 26}F β{sup −} decay (2.2 ms). For some {sup 26}Si resonance states conflicting spin-parity assignments exist in the literature. These are identified by footnotes. 2015Do07 ({sup 3}He,nγ) propose the first 0+ state above proton separation energy at an excitation energy of 5890 keV and suggested for additional independent measurements to confirm or refute the existence of 5946 keV 4. 2016Ch09 consider 5946 keV level as a distinct excited state in their reanalysis of the literature data with possible spin-parity assignment of 0+ or 4+ This evaluation also includes discovery of an isomeric state, at 164.1 keV 1, in {sup 26}P by 2014NiZZ.« less

  18. Developments for the 6He beta - nu angular correlation experiment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zumwalt, David W.

    This thesis describes developments toward the measurement of the angular correlation between the beta and the antineutrino in the beta decay of 6He. This decay is a pure Gamow-Teller decay which is described in the Standard Model as a purely axial vector weak interaction. The angular correlation is characterized by the parameter abetanu = -1/3 in the Standard Model. Any deviation from this value would be evidence for tensor components in the weak interaction and would constitute new physics. A new method will be used to measure the parameter a betanu from 6He decays, featuring a magneto-optical trap that will measure the beta particle in coincidence with the recoiling 6Li daughter ion. This neutral atom trapping scheme provides cold, tightly confined atoms which will reduce systematic uncertainties related to the initial position of the decay. By knowing the initial position of the decay and measuring the time of flight of the recoiling 6Li daughter ion in coincidence with the beta, the angular correlation between the beta and the antineutrino can be deduced. We aim to measure a betanu first to the level of 1%, and eventually to the 0.1% level, which would represent an order of magnitude improvement in precision over past experiments. Towards this goal, we have designed, built, and successfully tested a liquid lithium target to provide >2×10. {10} 6He atoms/sto a low-background environment, which is the most intense source of 6He presently available. This allowed for an additional measurement of the 6He half-life (806.89 +/- 0.11stat +0.23-0.19syst ms) to be made with unprecedented precision, resolving discrepancies in past measurements. We have also tested our trapping and detection apparatus and have begun to record preliminary coincidence events.

  19. Proton-neutron multiplet states in {sup 112}Sb

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fayez-Hassan, M.; Gulyas, J.; Dombradi, Z.

    1997-05-01

    Excited states of {sup 112}Sb were investigated through the {sup 112}Sn(p,n{gamma}){sup 112}Sb reaction. {gamma}-ray, {gamma}{gamma}-coincidence, and internal conversion electron spectra were measured with Ge(HP) {gamma} and superconducting magnetic lens plus Si(Li) electron spectrometers at 8.5, 8.9, 9.1, and 9.3 MeV bombarding proton energies. A significantly extended level scheme was constructed. Spins and parities have been assigned to the levels from Hauser-Feshbach analysis of reaction cross sections, internal conversion coefficients, angular distribution of the {gamma} rays, and decay properties of the states. The low lying states were assigned to proton-neutron multiplets on the basis of their decay properties. The energy splittingmore » of these multiplets have been calculated using the parabolic rule. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}« less

  20. Light sterile neutrinos

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gariazzo, S.; Giunti, C.; Laveder, M.; Li, Y. F.; Zavanin, E. M.

    2016-03-01

    The theory and phenomenology of light sterile neutrinos at the eV mass scale is reviewed. The reactor, gallium and Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector anomalies are briefly described and interpreted as indications of the existence of short-baseline oscillations which require the existence of light sterile neutrinos. The global fits of short-baseline oscillation data in 3 + 1 and 3 + 2 schemes are discussed, together with the implications for β-decay and neutrinoless double-β decay. The cosmological effects of light sterile neutrinos are briefly reviewed and the implications of existing cosmological data are discussed. The review concludes with a summary of future perspectives. This review is dedicated to the memory of Hai-Wei Long, our dear friend and collaborator, who passed away on 29 May 2015. He was an exceptionally kind person and an enthusiastic physicist. We deeply miss him.

  1. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Soti, Zsolt; Magill, Joseph; Pfennig, Gerda

    Following the success of the 8. Edition of the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart 2012, a new edition is planned for 2015. Since the 2012 edition, more than 100 nuclides have been discovered and about 1400 nuclides have been updated. In summary, the new 9. edition contains decay and radiation data on approximately 3230 ground state nuclides and 740 isomers from 118 chemical elements. The accompanying booklet provides a detailed explanation of the nuclide box structure used in the Chart. An expanded section contains many additional nuclide decay schemes to aid the user to interpret the highly condensed information in the nuclidemore » boxes. The booklet contains - in addition to the latest values of the physical constants and physical properties - a periodic table of the elements, tables of new and updated nuclides, and a difference chart showing the main changes in the Chart graphically. (authors)« less

  2. Multi-dimensional PIC-simulations of parametric instabilities for shock-ignition conditions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Riconda, C.; Weber, S.; Klimo, O.; Héron, A.; Tikhonchuk, V. T.

    2013-11-01

    Laser-plasma interaction is investigated for conditions relevant for the shock-ignition (SI) scheme of inertial confinement fusion using two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of an intense laser beam propagating in a hot, large-scale, non-uniform plasma. The temporal evolution and interdependence of Raman- (SRS), and Brillouin- (SBS), side/backscattering as well as Two-Plasmon-Decay (TPD) are studied. TPD is developing in concomitance with SRS creating a broad spectrum of plasma waves near the quarter-critical density. They are rapidly saturated due to plasma cavitation within a few picoseconds. The hot electron spectrum created by SRS and TPD is relatively soft, limited to energies below one hundred keV.

  3. A 2D multi-term time and space fractional Bloch-Torrey model based on bilinear rectangular finite elements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Qin, Shanlin; Liu, Fawang; Turner, Ian W.

    2018-03-01

    The consideration of diffusion processes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal attenuation is classically described by the Bloch-Torrey equation. However, many recent works highlight the distinct deviation in MRI signal decay due to anomalous diffusion, which motivates the fractional order generalization of the Bloch-Torrey equation. In this work, we study the two-dimensional multi-term time and space fractional diffusion equation generalized from the time and space fractional Bloch-Torrey equation. By using the Galerkin finite element method with a structured mesh consisting of rectangular elements to discretize in space and the L1 approximation of the Caputo fractional derivative in time, a fully discrete numerical scheme is derived. A rigorous analysis of stability and error estimation is provided. Numerical experiments in the square and L-shaped domains are performed to give an insight into the efficiency and reliability of our method. Then the scheme is applied to solve the multi-term time and space fractional Bloch-Torrey equation, which shows that the extra time derivative terms impact the relaxation process.

  4. Exploring patient satisfaction levels, self-rated oral health status and associated variables among citizens covered for dental insurance through a National Social Security Scheme in India.

    PubMed

    Singh, Abhinav; Purohit, Bharathi M

    2017-06-01

    To assess patient satisfaction, self-rated oral health and associated factors, including periodontal status and dental caries, among patients covered for dental insurance through a National Social Security Scheme in New Delhi, India. A total of 1,498 patients participated in the study. Satisfaction levels and self-rated oral-health scores were measured using a questionnaire comprising 12 closed-ended questions. Clinical data were collected using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index. Regression analysis was conducted to evaluate factors associated with dental caries, periodontal status and self-rated oral health. Areas of concern included poor cleanliness within the hospital, extensive delays for appointments, waiting time in hospital and inadequate interpersonal and communication skills among health-care professionals. Approximately 51% of the respondents rated their oral health as fair to poor. Younger age, no tobacco usage, good periodontal status and absence of dental caries were significantly associated with higher oral health satisfaction, with odds ratios of 3.94, 2.38, 2.58 and 2.09, respectively (P ≤ 0.001). The study indicates poor satisfaction levels with the current dental care system and a poor self-rated oral health status among the study population. Some specific areas of concern have been identified. These findings may facilitate restructuring of the existing dental services under the National Social Security Scheme towards creating a better patient care system. © 2017 FDI World Dental Federation.

  5. Method of Characteristics Calculations and Computer Code for Materials with Arbitrary Equations of State and Using Orthogonal Polynomial Least Square Surface Fits

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Chang, T. S.

    1974-01-01

    A numerical scheme using the method of characteristics to calculate the flow properties and pressures behind decaying shock waves for materials under hypervelocity impact is developed. Time-consuming double interpolation subroutines are replaced by a technique based on orthogonal polynomial least square surface fits. Typical calculated results are given and compared with the double interpolation results. The complete computer program is included.

  6. On the nature of the sea ice albedo feedback in simple models.

    PubMed

    Moon, W; Wettlaufer, J S

    2014-08-01

    We examine the nature of the ice-albedo feedback in a long-standing approach used in the dynamic-thermodynamic modeling of sea ice. The central issue examined is how the evolution of the ice area is treated when modeling a partial ice cover using a two-category-thickness scheme; thin sea ice and open water in one category and "thick" sea ice in the second. The problem with the scheme is that the area evolution is handled in a manner that violates the basic rules of calculus, which leads to a neglected area evolution term that is equivalent to neglecting a leading-order latent heat flux. We demonstrate the consequences by constructing energy balance models with a fractional ice cover and studying them under the influence of increased radiative forcing. It is shown that the neglected flux is particularly important in a decaying ice cover approaching the transitions to seasonal or ice-free conditions. Clearly, a mishandling of the evolution of the ice area has leading-order effects on the ice-albedo feedback. Accordingly, it may be of considerable importance to reexamine the relevant climate model schemes and to begin the process of converting them to fully resolve the sea ice thickness distribution in a manner such as remapping, which does not in principle suffer from the pathology we describe.

  7. On the nature of the sea ice albedo feedback in simple models

    PubMed Central

    Moon, W; Wettlaufer, J S

    2014-01-01

    We examine the nature of the ice-albedo feedback in a long-standing approach used in the dynamic-thermodynamic modeling of sea ice. The central issue examined is how the evolution of the ice area is treated when modeling a partial ice cover using a two-category-thickness scheme; thin sea ice and open water in one category and “thick” sea ice in the second. The problem with the scheme is that the area evolution is handled in a manner that violates the basic rules of calculus, which leads to a neglected area evolution term that is equivalent to neglecting a leading-order latent heat flux. We demonstrate the consequences by constructing energy balance models with a fractional ice cover and studying them under the influence of increased radiative forcing. It is shown that the neglected flux is particularly important in a decaying ice cover approaching the transitions to seasonal or ice-free conditions. Clearly, a mishandling of the evolution of the ice area has leading-order effects on the ice-albedo feedback. Accordingly, it may be of considerable importance to reexamine the relevant climate model schemes and to begin the process of converting them to fully resolve the sea ice thickness distribution in a manner such as remapping, which does not in principle suffer from the pathology we describe. PMID:26213674

  8. High-precision branching-ratio measurement for the superallowed β+ emitter 74Rb

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dunlop, R.; Ball, G. C.; Leslie, J. R.; Svensson, C. E.; Towner, I. S.; Andreoiu, C.; Chagnon-Lessard, S.; Chester, A.; Cross, D. S.; Finlay, P.; Garnsworthy, A. B.; Garrett, P. E.; Glister, J.; Hackman, G.; Hadinia, B.; Leach, K. G.; Rand, E. T.; Starosta, K.; Tardiff, E. R.; Triambak, S.; Williams, S. J.; Wong, J.; Yates, S. W.; Zganjar, E. F.

    2013-10-01

    A high-precision branching-ratio measurement for the superallowed β+ decay of 74Rb was performed at the TRIUMF Isotope Separator and Accelerator (ISAC) radioactive ion-beam facility. The scintillating electron-positron tagging array (SCEPTAR), composed of 10 thin plastic scintillators, was used to detect the emitted β particles; the 8π spectrometer, an array of 20 Compton-suppressed HPGe detectors, was used for detecting γ rays that were emitted following Gamow-Teller and nonanalog Fermi β+ decays of 74Rb; and the Pentagonal Array of Conversion Electron Spectrometers (PACES), an array of 5 Si(Li) detectors, was employed for measuring β-delayed conversion electrons. Twenty-three excited states were identified in 74Kr following 8.241(4)×108 detected 74Rb β decays. A total of 58 γ-ray and electron transitions were placed in the decay scheme, allowing the superallowed branching ratio to be determined as B0=99.545(31)%. Combined with previous half-life and Q-value measurements, the superallowed branching ratio measured in this work leads to a superallowed ft value of 3082.8(65) s. Comparisons between this superallowed ft value and the world-average-corrected Ft¯ value, as well as the nonanalog Fermi branching ratios determined in this work, provide guidance for theoretical models of the isospin-symmetry-breaking corrections in this mass region.

  9. Continuous depth-of-interaction encoding using phosphor-coated scintillators.

    PubMed

    Du, Huini; Yang, Yongfeng; Glodo, Jarek; Wu, Yibao; Shah, Kanai; Cherry, Simon R

    2009-03-21

    We investigate a novel detector using a lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) scintillator and YGG (yttrium-aluminum-gallium oxide:cerium, Y(3)(Al,Ga)(5)O(12):Ce) phosphor to construct a detector with continuous depth-of-interaction (DOI) information. The far end of the LSO scintillator is coated with a thin layer of YGG phosphor powder which absorbs some fraction of the LSO scintillation light and emits wavelength-shifted photons with a characteristic decay time of approximately 50 ns. The near end of the LSO scintillator is directly coupled to a photodetector. The photodetector detects a mixture of the LSO light and the light emitted by YGG. With appropriate placement of the coating, the ratio of the light converted from the YGG coating with respect to the unconverted LSO light can be made to depend on the interaction depth. DOI information can then be estimated by inspecting the overall light pulse decay time. Experiments were conducted to optimize the coating method. 19 ns decay time differences across the length of the detector were achieved experimentally when reading out a 1.5 x 1.5 x 20 mm(3) LSO crystal with unpolished surfaces and half-coated with YGG phosphor. The same coating scheme was applied to a 4 x 4 LSO array. Pulse shape discrimination (PSD) methods were studied to extract DOI information from the pulse shape changes. The DOI full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) resolution was found to be approximately 8 mm for this 2 cm thick array.

  10. Continuous Depth-of-Interaction Encoding Using Phosphor-Coated Scintillators

    PubMed Central

    Du, Huini; Yang, Yongfeng; Glodo, Jarek; Wu, Yibao; Shah, Kanai; Cherry, Simon R.

    2009-01-01

    We investigate a novel detector using lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) scintillator and YGG (yttrium aluminum gallium oxide:cerium, Y3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce) phosphor to construct a detector with continuous depth-of-interaction (DOI) information. The far end of the LSO scintillator is coated with a thin layer of YGG phosphor powder which absorbs some fraction of the LSO scintillation light and emits wavelength-shifted photons with a characteristic decay time of ∼ 50 ns. The near end of the LSO scintillator is directly coupled to a photodetector. The photodetector detects a mixture of the LSO light and the light emitted by YGG. With appropriate placement of the coating, the ratio of the light converted from the YGG coating with respect to the unconverted LSO light can be made to depend on the interaction depth. DOI information can then be estimated by inspecting the overall light pulse decay time. Experiments were conducted to optimize the coating method. 19 ns decay time differences across the length of the detector were achieved experimentally when reading out a 1.5×1.5×20 mm3 LSO crystal with unpolished surfaces and half-coated with YGG phosphor. The same coating scheme was applied to a 4 by 4 LSO array. Pulse shape discrimination (PSD) methods were studied to extract DOI information from the pulse shape changes. The DOI full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) resolution was found to be ∼8 mm for this 2 cm thick array. PMID:19258685

  11. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 70

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gürdal, G.; McCutchan, E.A.

    2016-09-15

    Spectroscopic data for all nuclei with mass number A = 70 have been evaluated, and the corresponding level schemes from radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented. Since the previous evaluation, the half-life of {sup 70}Mn has been measured and excited states in {sup 70}Fe observed for the first time. Excited states in {sup 70}Ni have been more extensively studied while Coulomb excitation and collinear laser spectroscopy measurements in {sup 70}Cu have allowed for firm Jπ assignments. Despite new measurements, there remain some discrepancies in half-lives of low lying states in {sup 70}Zn. New measurements have extended the knowledge ofmore » high-spin band structures in {sup 70}Ge and {sup 70}As. This evaluation supersedes the prior A = 70 evaluation of 2004Tu09.« less

  12. Parity-time-symmetry enhanced optomechanically-induced-transparency

    PubMed Central

    Li, Wenlin; Jiang, Yunfeng; Li, Chong; Song, Heshan

    2016-01-01

    We propose and analyze a scheme to enhance optomechanically-induced-transparency (OMIT) based on parity-time-symmetric optomechanical system. Our results predict that an OMIT window which does not exist originally can appear in weak optomechanical coupling and driving system via coupling an auxiliary active cavity with optical gain. This phenomenon is quite different from these reported in previous works in which the gain is considered just to damage OMIT phenomenon even leads to electromagnetically induced absorption or inverted-OMIT. Such enhanced OMIT effects are ascribed to the additional gain which can increase photon number in cavity without reducing effective decay. We also discuss the scheme feasibility by analyzing recent experiment parameters. Our work provide a promising platform for the coherent manipulation and slow light operation, which has potential applications for quantum information processing and quantum optical device. PMID:27489193

  13. Uniform laser-driven relativistic electron layer for coherent Thomson scattering.

    PubMed

    Wu, H-C; Meyer-ter-Vehn, J; Fernández, J; Hegelich, B M

    2010-06-11

    A novel scheme is proposed to generate uniform relativistic electron layers for coherent Thomson backscattering. A few-cycle laser pulse is used to produce the electron layer from an ultrathin solid foil. The key element of the new scheme is an additional foil that reflects the drive-laser pulse, but lets the electrons pass almost unperturbed. Making use of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations and well-known basic theory, it is shown that the electrons, after interacting with both the drive and reflected laser pulses, form a very uniform flyer freely cruising with a high relativistic γ factor exactly in the drive-laser direction (no transverse momentum). It backscatters the probe light with a full Doppler shift factor of 4γ(2). The reflectivity and its decay due to layer expansion are discussed.

  14. Can X(5568) be a tetraquark state?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Wei; Zhu, Ruilin

    2016-09-01

    Very recently, the D0 collaboration has reported the observation of a narrow structure, X(5568), in the decay process using the 10.4fb-1 data of pp¯ collision at . This structure is of great interest since it is the first hadronic state with four different valence quark flavors, b, s, u, d. In this work, we investigate tetraquarks with four different quark flavors. Based on the diquark-antidiquark scheme, we study the spectroscopy of the tetraquarks with one heavy bottom/charm quark and three light quarks. We find that the lowest-lying S-wave state, a tetraquark with the flavor [su][b¯d¯] and the spin-parity JP = 0+, is about 150 MeV higher than the X(5568). Further detailed experimental and theoretical studies of the spectrum, production and decays of tetraquark states with four different flavors are vital to gain a better understanding of the nature and classification of hadron exotic states. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11575110), Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (15DZ2272100, 15ZR1423100), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Y5KF111CJ1), and Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry

  15. Fast Ordered Sampling of DNA Sequence Variants.

    PubMed

    Greenberg, Anthony J

    2018-05-04

    Explosive growth in the amount of genomic data is matched by increasing power of consumer-grade computers. Even applications that require powerful servers can be quickly tested on desktop or laptop machines if we can generate representative samples from large data sets. I describe a fast and memory-efficient implementation of an on-line sampling method developed for tape drives 30 years ago. Focusing on genotype files, I test the performance of this technique on modern solid-state and spinning hard drives, and show that it performs well compared to a simple sampling scheme. I illustrate its utility by developing a method to quickly estimate genome-wide patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay with distance. I provide open-source software that samples loci from several variant format files, a separate program that performs LD decay estimates, and a C++ library that lets developers incorporate these methods into their own projects. Copyright © 2018 Greenberg.

  16. Properties of low-lying intruder states in 34Al and 34Si populated in the beta-decay of 34Mg

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Licǎ, R.; Rotaru, F.; Negoitǎ, F.; Grévy, S.; Mǎrginean, N.; Desagne, Ph.; Stora, T.; Borcea, C.; Borcea, R.; Cǎlinescu, S.; Daugas, J. M.; Filipescu, D.; Kuti, I.; Fraile, L. M.; Franchoo, S.; Gheorghe, I.; Ghitǎ, D. G.; Mǎrginean, R.; Mihai, C.; Mourface, P.; Morel, P.; Mrazek, J.; Negret, A.; Pietreanu, D.; Sava, T.; Sohler, D.; Stǎnoiu, M.; Stefan, I.; Şuvǎilǎ, R.; Toma, S.; Ur, C. A.

    2015-02-01

    The results of the IS530 experiment at ISOLDE revealed new information concerning several nuclei close to the N ≈ 20 'Island of Inversion' - 34Mg , 34Al , 34Si . The half-life of 34Mg was found to be three times larger than the adopted value (63(1) ms instead of 20(10) ms). The beta-gamma spectroscopy of 34Mg performed for the first time in this experiment, led to the first experimental level scheme for 34Al , also showing that the full beta strength goes through the predicted 1+ isomer in 34Al [1] and/or excited states that deexcite to it. The subsequent beta-decay of the 1+ isomer in 34Al allowed the observation of new gamma lines in 34Si , (tentatively) associated with low-spin high-energy excited states previously unobserved.

  17. New isomer in 96Y marking the onset of deformation at N = 57

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Iskra, Ł. W.; Fornal, B.; Leoni, S.; Bocchi, G.; Petrovici, A.; Porzio, C.; Blanc, A.; De France, G.; Jentschel, M.; Köster, U.; Mutti, P.; Régis, J.-M.; Simpson, G.; Soldner, T.; Ur, C. A.; Urban, W.; Bazzacco, D.; Benzoni, G.; Bottoni, S.; Bruce, A.; Cieplicka-Oryńczak, N.; Crespi, F. C. L.; Fraile, L. M.; Korten, W.; Kröll, T.; Lalkovski, S.; Márginean, N.; Michelagnoli, C.; Melon, B.; Mengoni, D.; Million, B.; Nannini, A.; Napoli, D.; Podolyák, Zs.; Regan, P. H.; Szpak, B.

    2017-01-01

    The level scheme of 96Y was significantly extended and a new 201 ns isomer was located at 1655 keV excitation energy, with spin-parity assignment of 5± or 6-. The isomer decays to spherical low-spin structure by transitions with large hindrance and is fed by a short cascade which resembles the beginning of a rotational band. This is in analogy with the feeding and decay pattern of the 4- isomer in 98Y, here confirmed, by lifetime analysis, as a bandhead of a rotational structure with sizable deformation. It is suggested that the new isomer in 96Y arises from a shape change between deformed and spherical configurations, which indicates the appearance of deformation already at N = 57 in the yttrium chain. The experimental findings for 96Y are strengthened by theoretical calculations based on the complex Excited Vampir model.

  18. First identification of excited states in Ba 117 using the recoil- β -delayed proton tagging technique

    DOE PAGES

    Ding, B.; Liu, Z.; Seweryniak, D.; ...

    2017-02-01

    Excited states have been observed for the first time in the neutron-deficient nucleus 117Ba using the recoil-decay tagging technique following the heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reaction 64Zn( 58Ni, 2p3n) 117Ba. Prompt γ rays have been assigned to 117Ba through correlations with β-delayed protons following the decay of A = 117 recoils. Through the analysis of the γ–γ coincidence relationships, a high-spin level scheme consisting of two bands has been established in 117Ba. Based on the systematics of the level spacings in the neighboring barium isotopes, the two bands are proposed to have νh 11/2[532]5/2 – and νd 5/2[413]5/2 + configurations, respectively. Lastly,more » the observed band-crossing properties are interpreted in the framework of cranked shell model.« less

  19. Hyperquarks and bosonic preon bound states

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Schmid, Michael L.; Buchmann, Alfons J.

    2009-11-01

    In a model in which leptons, quarks, and the recently introduced hyperquarks are built up from two fundamental spin-(1/2) preons, the standard model weak gauge bosons emerge as preon bound states. In addition, the model predicts a host of new composite gauge bosons, in particular, those responsible for hyperquark and proton decay. Their presence entails a left-right symmetric extension of the standard model weak interactions and a scheme for a partial and grand unification of nongravitational interactions based on, respectively, the effective gauge groups SU(6){sub P} and SU(9){sub G}. This leads to a prediction of the Weinberg angle at lowmore » energies in good agreement with experiment. Furthermore, using evolution equations for the effective coupling strengths, we calculate the partial and grand unification scales, the hyperquark mass scale, as well as the mass and decay rate of the lightest hyperhadron.« less

  20. Intercomparison of methods for coincidence summing corrections in gamma-ray spectrometry--part II (volume sources).

    PubMed

    Lépy, M-C; Altzitzoglou, T; Anagnostakis, M J; Capogni, M; Ceccatelli, A; De Felice, P; Djurasevic, M; Dryak, P; Fazio, A; Ferreux, L; Giampaoli, A; Han, J B; Hurtado, S; Kandic, A; Kanisch, G; Karfopoulos, K L; Klemola, S; Kovar, P; Laubenstein, M; Lee, J H; Lee, J M; Lee, K B; Pierre, S; Carvalhal, G; Sima, O; Tao, Chau Van; Thanh, Tran Thien; Vidmar, T; Vukanac, I; Yang, M J

    2012-09-01

    The second part of an intercomparison of the coincidence summing correction methods is presented. This exercise concerned three volume sources, filled with liquid radioactive solution. The same experimental spectra, decay scheme and photon emission intensities were used by all the participants. The results were expressed as coincidence summing corrective factors for several energies of (152)Eu and (134)Cs, and different source-to-detector distances. They are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Mesoscopic entanglement induced by spontaneous emission in solid-state quantum optics.

    PubMed

    González-Tudela, Alejandro; Porras, Diego

    2013-02-22

    Implementations of solid-state quantum optics provide us with devices where qubits are placed at fixed positions in photonic or plasmonic one-dimensional waveguides. We show that solely by controlling the position of the qubits and with the help of a coherent driving, collective spontaneous decay may be engineered to yield an entangled mesoscopic steady state. Our scheme relies on the realization of pure superradiant Dicke models by a destructive interference that cancels dipole-dipole interactions in one dimension.

  2. Optomechanical entanglement via non-degenerate parametric interactions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ahmed, Rizwan; Qamar, Shahid

    2017-10-01

    We present a scheme for the optomechanical entanglement between a micro-mechanical mirror and the field inside a bimodal cavity system using a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier (NOPA). Our results show that the introduction of NOPA makes the entanglement stronger or more robust against the mean number of average thermal phonons and cavity decay. Interestingly, macroscopic entanglement depends upon the choice of the phase associated with classical field driving NOPA. We also consider the effects of input laser power on optomechanical entanglement.

  3. Repulsive Casimir-Polder potential by a negative reflecting surface

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yuan, Qi-Zhang

    2015-07-01

    We present a scheme to generate an all-range long repulsive Casimir-Polder potential between a perfect negative reflecting surface and a ground-state atom. The repulsive potential is stable and does not decay with time. The Casimir-Polder potential is proportional to z-2 at short atom-surface distances and to z-4 at long atom-surface distances. Because of these advantages, this potential can help in building quantum reflectors, quantum levitating devices, and waveguides for matter waves.

  4. X-Ray Laser Program Report for FY 1989

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-05-24

    theoretical photopumped x-ray laser program also involves the use of a neon lasant plasma. However, that is the only similarity to the Na/Ne scheme described...K-shell neon Z pinch photons of energy hv > 900 eV, photoionize inner K-shell electrons from the neutral neon, leading to Auger decay from Ne II to...is generated by electrons which are produced in the photoionization of Ne I. For example, ionization by the Ly-a line produces 150-eV photoelectrons

  5. Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference Between Triggered And Heralded Single Photons From Separate Atomic Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cere, Alessandro; Leong, Victor; Kaur Gulati, Gurpreet; Srivathsan, Bharath; Kosen, Sandoko; Kurtsiefer, Christian

    2015-05-01

    The realization of quantum networks and long distance quantum communication rely on the capability of generating entanglement between separated nodes. We demonstrate the compatibility of two different sources of single photons: a single atom and four-wave mixing in a cold cloud of atoms. The four-wave mixing process in a cloud of cold 87Rb generates photon pairs. The cascade level scheme used ensures the generation of heralded single photons with exponentially decaying temporal envelope. The temporal shape of the heralding photons matches the shape of photons emitted by spontaneous decay but for the shorter coherence time A single 87Rb atom is trapped in an far-off-resonance optical dipole trap and can be excited with high probability using a short (~3 ns) intense pulse of resonant light, emitting a single photon by spontaneous decay. A large numerical aperture lens collects ~4% of the total fluorescence. The heralded and the triggered photons are launched into a Houng-Ou-Mandel interferometer: a symmetrical beam-splitter with outputs connected to single photon detectors. Scanning the relative delay between the two sources we observe the HOM dip with a maximum visibility of 70 +/-4%.

  6. New Ωc0 baryons discovered by LHCb as the members of 1 P and 2 S states

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Bing; Liu, Xiang

    2017-11-01

    Inspired by the recently observed Ωc0 states at LHCb, we decode their properties by performing an analysis of their mass spectrum and decay behavior. Our studies show that the five narrow states, i.e., Ωc(3000 )0, Ωc(3050 )0, Ωc(3066 )0, Ωc(3090 )0, and Ωc(3119 )0, could be grouped into the 1 P states with negative parity. Among them, the Ωc(3000 )0 and Ωc(3090 )0 states could be the JP=1 /2- candidates, while Ωc(3050 )0 and Ωc(3119 )0 are suggested as the JP=3 /2- states. Ωc(3066 )0 could be regarded as a JP=5 /2- state. Since the spin-parity, electromagnetic transitions, and possible hadronic decay channels Ωc(*)π have not been measured yet, other explanations are also probable for these narrow Ωc0 states. Additionally, we discuss the possibility of the broad structure Ωc(3188 )0 as a 2 S state with JP=1 /2+ or JP=3 /2+. In our scheme, Ωc(3119 )0 cannot be a 2 S candidate.

  7. The Transition-Edge-Sensor Array for the Micro-X Sounding Rocket

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Eckart, M. E.; Adams, J. S.; Bailey, C. N.; Bandler, S. R.; Busch, Sarah Elizabeth; Chervenak J. A.; Finkbeiner, F. M.; Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Porst, J. P.; hide

    2012-01-01

    The Micro-X sounding rocket program will fly a 128-element array of transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeters to enable high-resolution X-ray imaging spectroscopy of the Puppis-A supernova remnant. To match the angular resolution of the optics while maximizing the field-of-view and retaining a high energy resolution (< 4 eV at 1 keV), we have designed the pixels using 600 x 600 sq. micron Au/Bi absorbers, which overhang 140 x 140 sq. micron Mo/Au sensors. The data-rate capabilities of the rocket telemetry system require the pulse decay to be approximately 2 ms to allow a significant portion of the data to be telemetered during flight. Here we report experimental results from the flight array, including measurements of energy resolution, uniformity, and absorber thermalization. In addition, we present studies of test devices that have a variety of absorber contact geometries, as well as a variety of membrane-perforation schemes designed to slow the pulse decay time to match the telemetry requirements. Finally, we describe the reduction in pixel-to-pixel crosstalk afforded by an angle-evaporated Cu backside heatsinking layer, which provides Cu coverage on the four sidewalls of the silicon wells beneath each pixel.

  8. Data analysis and systematic studies for the He-6 experiment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bagdasarova, Yelena; Bailey, Kevin; Flechard, Xavier; Garcia, Alejandro; Hong, Ran; Leredde, Aranud; Mueller, Peter; Naviliat-Cuncic, Oscar; O'Connor, Tom P.; Sternberg, Matthew; Storm, Derek; Swanson, Erik; Wauters, Frederik; Zumwalt, David

    2015-10-01

    The He-6 experiment at the University of Washington aims to precisely measure the beta-neutrino angular correlation (aβν) in the beta decay of He-6, a parameter that is particularly sensitive to tensor-like currents in the electroweak interaction. The experiment is based on a coincidence detection of the beta and recoil ion emitted from laser trapped He-6 and seeks to ultimately measure aβν to the 0 . 1 % level. Monte-carlo simulations of the decay and detection scheme are essential to analyze the data and have been extensively used to quantify the effects of systematic uncertainties. Major efforts have been put in to limit their contributions to less than 1 % of aβν, the first goal of the experiment. This set of data will guide further improvements of the experiment towards the 0 . 1 % level measurement of aβν. The data analysis procedures and the current status of the experiment, including the achieved and projected systematic and statistical uncertainties, will be presented. This work is supported by DOE, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract Nos. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and DE-FG02-97ER41020. Done...processed 665 records...13:57:12

  9. Properties of one-dimensional anharmonic lattice solitons

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Szeftel, Jacob; Laurent-Gengoux, Pascal; Ilisca, Ernest; Hebbache, Mohamed

    2000-12-01

    The existence of bell- and kink-shaped solitons moving at constant velocity while keeping a permanent profile is studied in infinite periodic monoatomic chains of arbitrary anharmonicity by taking advantage of the equation of motion being integrable with respect to solitons. A second-order, non-linear differential equation involving advanced and retarded terms must be solved, which is done by implementing a scheme based on the finite element and Newton's methods. If the potential has a harmonic limit, the asymptotic time-decay behaves exponentially and there is a dispersion relation between propagation velocity and decay time. Inversely if the potential has no harmonic limit, the asymptotic regime shows up either as a power-law or faster than exponential. Excellent agreement is achieved with Toda's model. Illustrative examples are also given for the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam and sine-Gordon potentials. Owing to integrability an effective one-body potential is worked out in each case. Lattice and continuum solitons differ markedly from one another as regards the amplitude versus propagation velocity relationship and the asymptotic time behavior. The relevance of the linear stability analysis when applied to solitons propagating in an infinite crystal is questioned. The reasons preventing solitons from arising in a diatomic lattice are discussed.

  10. Short Range Photoassociation of Rb2 by a high power fiber laser

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Passagem, Henry; Rodriguez, Ricardo; Ventura, Paulo; Bouloufa, Nadia; Dulieu, Olivier; Marcassa, Luis

    2016-05-01

    Photoassociation has been studied using cold trapped atomic samples for the last 20 years. Due to poor Franck-Condon overlap, a free-to-bound transition followed by spontaneous decay results in a small production of electronic ground state molecules. If the photoassociation is done at short range, deeply bound ground state molecules can be formed. Optical pumping schemes can be used to populate a single state. In our experiment, we have performed trap loss spectroscopy on trapped 85 Rb atoms in a MOT using a high power fiber laser. Our single mode fiber laser (linewidth < 1 MHz) produces about 50 W, which can be tuned in the 1060-1070 nm range. Two vibrational bound states of the 0u+ potential were observed (ν = 137 and 138). The frequency positions as well as the rotational constants of these states are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. We have also measured the lifetime of a crossed optical dipole trap using such fiber laser. The lifetime on resonance is shorter than off resonance as expected. A simple theoretical model indicates that the molecules decay to deeply bound vibrational levels in the ground state. This work was supported by Fapesp and INCT-IQ.

  11. Search for a Standard Model Higgs Boson with a Dilepton and Missing Energy Signature

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gerbaudo, Davide

    2011-09-01

    The subject of this thesis is the search for a standard model Higgs boson decaying to a pair of W bosons that in turn decay leptonically, H → W +W - →more » $$\\bar{ℓ}$$vℓ$$\\bar{v}$$. This search is performed considering events produced in p$$\\bar{p}$$ collisions at √s = 1.96 TeV, where two oppositely charged lepton candidates (e +e -, e ±μ ±, or μ +μ} -), and missing transverse energy, have been reconstructed. The data were collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider, and are tested against the standard model predictions computed for a Higgs boson with mass in the range 115-200 GeV. No excess of events over background is observed, and limits on Standard Model Higgs boson production are determined. An interpretation of these limits within the hypothesis of a fourth-generation extension to the standard model is also given. The overall analysis scheme is the same for the three dilepton pairs being considered (e +e -, e ±μ ±, or μ +μ -); this thesis, however, describes in detail the study of the dimuon final state.« less

  12. Study of isomeric states in 198,200,202,206Pb and 206Hg populated in fragmentation reactions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lalović, N.; Rudolph, D.; Podolyák, Zs; Sarmiento, L. G.; Simpson, E. C.; Alexander, T.; Cortés, M. L.; Gerl, J.; Golubev, P.; Ameil, F.; Arici, T.; Bauer, Ch; Bazzacco, D.; Bentley, M. A.; Boutachkov, P.; Bowry, M.; Fahlander, C.; Gadea, A.; Gellanki, J.; Givechev, A.; Goel, N.; Górska, M.; Gottardo, A.; Gregor, E.; Guastalla, G.; Habermann, T.; Hackstein, M.; Jungclaus, A.; Kojouharov, I.; Kumar, R.; Kurz, N.; Lettmann, M.; Lizarazo, C.; Louchart, C.; Merchán, E.; Michelagnoli, C.; Moeller, Th; Moschner, K.; Patel, Z.; Pietralla, N.; Pietri, S.; Ralet, D.; Reese, M.; Regan, P. H.; Reiter, P.; Schaffner, H.; Singh, P.; Stahl, C.; Stegmann, R.; Stezowski, O.; Taprogge, J.; Thöle, P.; Wendt, A.; Wieland, O.; Wilson, E.; Wood, R.; Wollersheim, H.-J.; Birkenbach, B.; Bruyneel, B.; Burrows, I.; Clément, E.; Désesquelles, P.; Domingo-Pardo, C.; Eberth, J.; González, V.; Hess, H.; Jolie, J.; Judson, D. S.; Menegazzo, R.; Mengoni, D.; Napoli, D. R.; Pullia, A.; Quintana, B.; Rainovski, G.; Salsac, M. D.; Sanchis, E.; Simpson, J.; Valiente Dóbon, J. J.; AGATA Collaboration

    2018-03-01

    Isomeric states in isotopes in the vicinity of doubly-magic 208Pb were populated following reactions of a relativistic 208Pb primary beam impinging on a 9Be fragmentation target. Secondary beams of 198,200,202,206Pb and 206Hg were isotopically separated and implanted in a passive stopper positioned in the focal plane of the GSI Fragment Separator. Delayed γ rays were detected with the Advanced Gamma Tracking Array (AGATA). Decay schemes were re-evaluated and interpreted with shell-model calculations. The momentum-dependent population of isomeric states in the two-nucleon hole nuclei 206Pb/206Hg was found to differ from the population of multi neutron-hole isomeric states in 198,200,202Pb.

  13. Kinetics of relativistic runaway electrons

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Breizman, B. N.; Aleynikov, P. B.

    2017-12-01

    This overview covers recent developments in the theory of runaway electrons in tokamaks. Its main purpose is to outline the intuitive basis for first-principle advancements in runaway electron physics. The overview highlights the following physics aspects of the runaway evolution: (1) survival and acceleration of initially hot electrons during thermal quench, (2) effect of magnetic perturbations on runaway confinement, (3) multiplication of the runaways via knock-on collisions with the bulk electrons, (4) slow decay of the runaway current, and (5) runaway-driven micro-instabilities. The scope of the reported studies is governed by the need to understand the behavior of runaway electrons as an essential physics element of the disruption events in ITER in order to develop an effective runaway mitigation scheme. ).

  14. Estimation of Eddy Dissipation Rates from Mesoscale Model Simulations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ahmad, Nashat N.; Proctor, Fred H.

    2012-01-01

    The Eddy Dissipation Rate is an important metric for representing the intensity of atmospheric turbulence and is used as an input parameter for predicting the decay of aircraft wake vortices. In this study, the forecasts of eddy dissipation rates obtained from the current state-of-the-art mesoscale model are evaluated for terminal area applications. The Weather Research and Forecast mesoscale model is used to simulate the planetary boundary layer at high horizontal and vertical mesh resolutions. The Bougeault-Lacarrer and the Mellor-Yamada-Janji schemes implemented in the Weather Research and Forecast model are evaluated against data collected during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration s Memphis Wake Vortex Field Experiment. Comparisons with other observations are included as well.

  15. 0D/2D Z-Scheme Heterojunctions of Bismuth Tantalate Quantum Dots/Ultrathin g-C3N4 Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics.

    PubMed

    Wang, Kai; Zhang, Gaoke; Li, Jun; Li, Yuan; Wu, Xiaoyong

    2017-12-20

    Constructing 0D/2D Z-scheme photocatalysts is a great promising path to improve photocatalytic activity by  efficiently enhancing charge separation. Herein, we fabricated a visible-light-responsive Bi 3 TaO 7 quantum dots (QDs)/g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets (NSs) 0D/2D Z-scheme composite via a facile ultrasound method, and Bi 3 TaO 7 QDs could be interspersed on the surface of g-C 3 N 4 NSs uniformly. Furthermore, the strong interaction between Bi 3 TaO 7 QDs and g-C 3 N 4 NSs disturbed the CN heterocycles by forming C═O bonds between C atoms of the N-(C) 3 group and O atoms of the Ta-O bond. The optimum composite with 20 wt % g-C 3 N 4 NSs showed the superior photocatalytic activity for degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) over the composites prepared by mechanical mixing and solid-state methods, the photocatalytic efficiency of which were 4 and 12.2 times higher than those of bare Bi 3 TaO 7 and g-C 3 N 4 . Photoluminescence (PL), time-resolved transient PL decay spectra, and photocurrent together verify that the photogenerated hole-electron pairs in this 0D/2D Z-scheme composite have been effectively separated. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of as-synthesized photocatalysts could be attributed to the synergistic effect of efficient Z-scheme charge separation, highly dispersed 0D Bi 3 TaO 7 nanocrystals, coordinating sites of 2D g-C 3 N 4 NSs and the strong coupling between them. This study might pave the way toward designing novel visible-light-induced 0D/2D photocatalyst systems for highly efficient degradation of antibiotics.

  16. Explicit prediction of ice clouds in general circulation models

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kohler, Martin

    1999-11-01

    Although clouds play extremely important roles in the radiation budget and hydrological cycle of the Earth, there are large quantitative uncertainties in our understanding of their generation, maintenance and decay mechanisms, representing major obstacles in the development of reliable prognostic cloud water schemes for General Circulation Models (GCMs). Recognizing their relative neglect in the past, both observationally and theoretically, this work places special focus on ice clouds. A recent version of the UCLA - University of Utah Cloud Resolving Model (CRM) that includes interactive radiation is used to perform idealized experiments to study ice cloud maintenance and decay mechanisms under various conditions in term of: (1) background static stability, (2) background relative humidity, (3) rate of cloud ice addition over a fixed initial time-period and (4) radiation: daytime, nighttime and no-radiation. Radiation is found to have major effects on the life-time of layer-clouds. Optically thick ice clouds decay significantly slower than expected from pure microphysical crystal fall-out (taucld = 0.9--1.4 h as opposed to no-motion taumicro = 0.5--0.7 h). This is explained by the upward turbulent fluxes of water induced by IR destabilization, which partially balance the downward transport of water by snowfall. Solar radiation further slows the ice-water decay by destruction of the inversion above cloud-top and the resulting upward transport of water. Optically thin ice clouds, on the other hand, may exhibit even longer life-times (>1 day) in the presence of radiational cooling. The resulting saturation mixing ratio reduction provides for a constant cloud ice source. These CRM results are used to develop a prognostic cloud water scheme for the UCLA-GCM. The framework is based on the bulk water phase model of Ose (1993). The model predicts cloud liquid water and cloud ice separately, and which is extended to split the ice phase into suspended cloud ice (predicted) and falling snow (diagnosed) components. An empirical parameterization of the effect of upward turbulent water fluxes in cloud layers is obtained from the CRM simulations by (1) identifying the time-scale of conversion of cloud ice to snow as the key parameter, and (2) regressing it onto cloud differential IR heating and environmental static stability. The updated UCLA-GCM achieves close agreement with observations in global mean top of atmosphere fluxes (within 1--4 W/m2). Artificially suppressing the impact of cloud turbulent fluxes reduces the global mean ice water path by a factor of 3 and produces errors in each of solar and IR fluxes at the top of atmosphere of about 5--6 W/m2.

  17. Ultracold molecule assembly with photonic crystals

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pérez-Ríos, Jesús; Kim, May E.; Hung, Chen-Lung

    2017-12-01

    Photoassociation (PA) is a powerful technique to synthesize molecules directly and continuously from cold and ultracold atoms into deeply bound molecular states. In freespace, however, PA efficiency is constrained by the number of spontaneous decay channels linking the initial excited molecular state to a sea of final (meta)stable rovibronic levels. Here, we propose a novel scheme based on molecules strongly coupled to a guided photonic mode in a photonic crystal waveguide that turns PA into a powerful tool for near deterministic formation of ultracold molecules in their ground rovibrational level. Our example shows a potential ground state molecule production efficiency > 90 % , and a saturation rate > {10}6 molecules per second. By combining state-of-the-art cold atomic and molecular physics with nanophotonic engineering, our scheme presents a novel experimental package for trapping, cooling, and optically manipulating ultracold molecules, thus opening up new possibilities in the direction of ultracold chemistry and quantum information.

  18. Efficient entanglement distillation without quantum memory.

    PubMed

    Abdelkhalek, Daniela; Syllwasschy, Mareike; Cerf, Nicolas J; Fiurášek, Jaromír; Schnabel, Roman

    2016-05-31

    Entanglement distribution between distant parties is an essential component to most quantum communication protocols. Unfortunately, decoherence effects such as phase noise in optical fibres are known to demolish entanglement. Iterative (multistep) entanglement distillation protocols have long been proposed to overcome decoherence, but their probabilistic nature makes them inefficient since the success probability decays exponentially with the number of steps. Quantum memories have been contemplated to make entanglement distillation practical, but suitable quantum memories are not realised to date. Here, we present the theory for an efficient iterative entanglement distillation protocol without quantum memories and provide a proof-of-principle experimental demonstration. The scheme is applied to phase-diffused two-mode-squeezed states and proven to distil entanglement for up to three iteration steps. The data are indistinguishable from those that an efficient scheme using quantum memories would produce. Since our protocol includes the final measurement it is particularly promising for enhancing continuous-variable quantum key distribution.

  19. Efficient entanglement distillation without quantum memory

    PubMed Central

    Abdelkhalek, Daniela; Syllwasschy, Mareike; Cerf, Nicolas J.; Fiurášek, Jaromír; Schnabel, Roman

    2016-01-01

    Entanglement distribution between distant parties is an essential component to most quantum communication protocols. Unfortunately, decoherence effects such as phase noise in optical fibres are known to demolish entanglement. Iterative (multistep) entanglement distillation protocols have long been proposed to overcome decoherence, but their probabilistic nature makes them inefficient since the success probability decays exponentially with the number of steps. Quantum memories have been contemplated to make entanglement distillation practical, but suitable quantum memories are not realised to date. Here, we present the theory for an efficient iterative entanglement distillation protocol without quantum memories and provide a proof-of-principle experimental demonstration. The scheme is applied to phase-diffused two-mode-squeezed states and proven to distil entanglement for up to three iteration steps. The data are indistinguishable from those that an efficient scheme using quantum memories would produce. Since our protocol includes the final measurement it is particularly promising for enhancing continuous-variable quantum key distribution. PMID:27241946

  20. Development of a laser system of the laboratory AVLIS complex for producing isotopes and radionuclides

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    D'yachkov, A. B.; Gorkunov, A. A.; Labozin, A. V.; Mironov, S. M.; Panchenko, V. Ya.; Firsov, V. A.; Tsvetkov, G. O.

    2018-01-01

    The use of atomic vapour laser isotope separation (AVLIS) for solving a number of urgent problems (formation of 177Lu radionuclides for medical applications, 63Ni radionuclides for betavoltaic power supplies and 150Nd isotope for searching for neutrinoless double β decay and neutrino mass) is considered. An efficient three-step scheme of photoionisation of neodymium atoms through the 50474-cm-1 autoionising state with radiation wavelengths of the corresponding stages of λ1 = 6289.7 Å, λ2 = 5609.4 Å and λ3 = 5972.1 Å is developed. The average saturation intensity of the autoionising transition is ˜6 W cm-2, a value consistent with the characteristics of the previously developed photoionisation schemes for lutetium and nickel. A compact laser system for the technological AVLIS complex, designed to produce radionuclides and isotopes under laboratory conditions, is developed based on the experimental results.

  1. Probing the microscopic environment of 23 Na ions in brain tissue by MRI: On the accuracy of different sampling schemes for the determination of rapid, biexponential T2* decay at low signal-to-noise ratio.

    PubMed

    Lommen, Jonathan M; Flassbeck, Sebastian; Behl, Nicolas G R; Niesporek, Sebastian; Bachert, Peter; Ladd, Mark E; Nagel, Armin M

    2018-08-01

    To investigate and to reduce influences on the determination of the short and long apparent transverse relaxation times ( T2,s*, T2,l*) of 23 Na in vivo with respect to signal sampling. The accuracy of T2* determination was analyzed in simulations for five different sampling schemes. The influence of noise in the parameter fit was investigated for three different models. A dedicated sampling scheme was developed for brain parenchyma by numerically optimizing the parameter estimation. This scheme was compared in vivo to linear sampling at 7T. For the considered sampling schemes, T2,s* / T2,l* exhibit an average bias of 3% / 4% with a variation of 25% / 15% based on simulations with previously published T2* values. The accuracy could be improved with the optimized sampling scheme by strongly averaging the earliest sample. A fitting model with constant noise floor can increase accuracy while additional fitting of a noise term is only beneficial in case of sampling until late echo time > 80 ms. T2* values in white matter were determined to be T2,s* = 5.1 ± 0.8 / 4.2 ± 0.4 ms and T2,l* = 35.7 ± 2.4 / 34.4 ± 1.5 ms using linear/optimized sampling. Voxel-wise T2* determination of 23 Na is feasible in vivo. However, sampling and fitting methods have to be chosen carefully to retrieve accurate results. Magn Reson Med 80:571-584, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

  2. Spectroscopy and high-spin structure of 210Fr: Isomerism and potential evidence for configuration mixing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Margerin, V.; Lane, G. J.; Dracoulis, G. D.; Palalani, N.; Smith, M. L.; Stuchbery, A. E.

    2016-06-01

    The structure of 210Fr has been established up to an excitation energy of ˜5.5 MeV and spins of ˜25 ℏ , via time-correlated γ -ray spectroscopy and using the 197Au(18O,5 n )210Fr reaction with pulsed beams at an energy of 97 MeV. A significantly different level scheme has been obtained compared to previous publications. Several isomers are reported here, including a Jπ=(23) +,τ =686 (9 ) -ns state at 4417 keV and a 10-, 29.8(11)-ns state at 1113 keV. The former isomer has been associated with the π (h9/2 3i13/2 2) ν (p1/2 -2f5/2 -1) configuration and decays via proposed E 3 transitions with strengths of 8.4(3) and 21.2(8) W.u. There are only very few known cases of a high-spin isomer decaying via two parallel E 3 transitions. Indeed, this is not seen in other Fr nuclei, and consequently these strengths differ from related decays in the neighboring isotopes. However, by examining the systematics of E 3 transitions in trans-lead nuclei, we suggest that the weaker of the two transitions decays to a mixed 20- state. Systematics of the 10- isomer are also discussed. Comparisons are made between the observed spectrum of states and those predicted from semiempirical shell-model calculations.

  3. Realizing and characterizing chiral photon flow in a circuit quantum electrodynamics necklace.

    PubMed

    Wang, Yan-Pu; Wang, Wei; Xue, Zheng-Yuan; Yang, Wan-Li; Hu, Yong; Wu, Ying

    2015-02-10

    Gauge theory plays the central role in modern physics. Here we propose a scheme of implementing artificial Abelian gauge fields via the parametric conversion method in a necklace of superconducting transmission line resonators (TLRs) coupled by superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). The motivation is to synthesize an extremely strong effective magnetic field for charge-neutral bosons which can hardly be achieved in conventional solid-state systems. The dynamic modulations of the SQUIDs can induce effective magnetic fields for the microwave photons in the TLR necklace through the generation of the nontrivial hopping phases of the photon hopping between neighboring TLRs. To demonstrate the synthetic magnetic field, we study the realization and detection of the chiral photon flow dynamics in this architecture under the influence of decoherence. Taking the advantages of its simplicity and flexibility, this parametric scheme is feasible with state-of-the-art technology and may pave an alternative way for investigating the gauge theories with superconducting quantum circuits. We further propose a quantitative measure for the chiral property of the photon flow. Beyond the level of qualitative description, the dependence of the chiral flow on external pumping parameters and cavity decay is characterized.

  4. Neutrinoless double beta decay in chiral effective field theory: lepton number violation at dimension seven

    DOE PAGES

    Cirigliano, V.; Dekens, W.; de Vries, J.; ...

    2017-12-15

    Here, we analyze neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) within the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. Apart from the dimension-five Weinberg operator, the first contributions appear at dimension seven. We classify the operators and evolve them to the electroweak scale, where we match them to effective dimension-six, -seven, and -nine operators. In the next step, after renormalization group evolution to the QCD scale, we construct the chiral Lagrangian arising from these operators. We then develop a power-counting scheme and derive the two-nucleon 0νββ currents up to leading order in the power counting for each lepton-number-violating operator. We arguemore » that the leading-order contribution to the decay rate depends on a relatively small number of nuclear matrix elements. We test our power counting by comparing nuclear matrix elements obtained by various methods and by different groups. We find that the power counting works well for nuclear matrix elements calculated from a specific method, while, as in the case of light Majorana neutrino exchange, the overall magnitude of the matrix elements can differ by factors of two to three between methods. We also calculate the constraints that can be set on dimension-seven lepton-number-violating operators from 0νββ experiments and study the interplay between dimension-five and -seven operators, discussing how dimension-seven contributions affect the interpretation of 0νββ in terms of the effective Majorana mass m ββ .« less

  5. Neutrinoless double beta decay in chiral effective field theory: lepton number violation at dimension seven

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cirigliano, V.; Dekens, W.; de Vries, J.

    Here, we analyze neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) within the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. Apart from the dimension-five Weinberg operator, the first contributions appear at dimension seven. We classify the operators and evolve them to the electroweak scale, where we match them to effective dimension-six, -seven, and -nine operators. In the next step, after renormalization group evolution to the QCD scale, we construct the chiral Lagrangian arising from these operators. We then develop a power-counting scheme and derive the two-nucleon 0νββ currents up to leading order in the power counting for each lepton-number-violating operator. We arguemore » that the leading-order contribution to the decay rate depends on a relatively small number of nuclear matrix elements. We test our power counting by comparing nuclear matrix elements obtained by various methods and by different groups. We find that the power counting works well for nuclear matrix elements calculated from a specific method, while, as in the case of light Majorana neutrino exchange, the overall magnitude of the matrix elements can differ by factors of two to three between methods. We also calculate the constraints that can be set on dimension-seven lepton-number-violating operators from 0νββ experiments and study the interplay between dimension-five and -seven operators, discussing how dimension-seven contributions affect the interpretation of 0νββ in terms of the effective Majorana mass m ββ .« less

  6. Numerical simulation of the hydrodynamical combustion to strange quark matter in the trapped neutrino regime

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ouyed, Amir; Ouyed, Rachid; Jaikumar, Prashanth

    2018-02-01

    We simulate and study the microphysics of combustion (flame burning) of two flavored quark matter (u,d) to three flavored quark matter (u,d,s) in a trapped neutrino regime applicable to conditions prevailing in a hot proto-neutron star. The reaction-diffusion-advection equations for (u,d) to (u,d,s) combustion are coupled with neutrino transport, which is modeled through a flux-limited diffusion scheme. The flame speed is proportional to initial lepton fraction because of the release of electron chemical potential as heat, and reaches a steady-state burning speed of (0.001-0.008)c. We find that the burning speed is ultimately driven by the neutrino pressure gradient, given that the pressure gradient induced by quarks is opposed by the pressure gradients induced by electrons. This suggests, somewhat counter-intuitively, that the pressure gradients that drive the interface are controlled primarily by leptonic weak decays rather than by the quark Equation of State (EOS). In other words, the effects of the leptonic weak interaction, including the corresponding weak decay rates and the EOS of electrons and neutrinos, are at least as important as the uncertainties related to the EOS of high density matter. We find that for baryon number densities nB ≤ 0.35 fm-3, strong pressure gradients induced by leptonic weak decays drastically slow down the burning speed, which is thereafter controlled by the much slower burning process driven by backflowing downstream matter. We discuss the implications of our findings to proto-neutron stars.

  7. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 94

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Abriola, D.; Sonzogni, A.A.

    Experimental data on ground- and excited-state properties for all known nuclei with mass number A = 94 have been compiled and evaluated. States populated in radioactive decay, as well as in nuclear reactions, have been considered. For these nuclei, level and decay schemes, as well as tables of nuclear properties, are given. The Hager-Seltzer internal conversion coefficients are listed for gamma rays of known multipolarity. This work supersedes the 1992 evaluation by J.K. Tuli (1992Tu02). Since 1992, many articles have been published which were incorporated in this evaluation. In summary, high-spin data using large arrays of Ge detectors have beenmore » obtained for {sup 94}Kr (2000Rz02), {sup 94}Sr (1995Ha20), {sup 94}Zr (2002Fo03,2005Pa48), {sup 94}Nb (2000Ma63), {sup 94}Mo (1998Kh04), {sup 94}Tc (2000Gh01), {sup 94}Ru (1994Ju03,1994Ro08), {sup 94}Rh (1994Ar33), and {sup 94}Pd (2003Ma24). A new isomer was observed in {sup 91}999Ge01). The low-spin levels in {sup 98}Mo were systematically studied using a variety of experimental techniques (2003Fr02). Considerable effort was spent investigating the decay of {sup 94}Ag and the levels of {sup 94}Pd (2006Mu03,2005Mu15,2004BaZY,2004Pl01,2002La18), in particular, the (21+) level in {sup 94}Ag is the first level observed to undergo both single and double proton radioactivity.« less

  8. Numerical Modeling Studies of Wake Vortex Transport and Evolution Within the Planetary Boundary Layer

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lin, Yuh-Lang; Arya, S. Pal; Kaplan, Michael L.; Shen, Shaohua

    1998-01-01

    In support of the wake vortex effect of the Terminal Area Productivity program, we have put forward four tasks to be accomplished in our proposal. The first task is validation of two-dimensional wake vortex-turbulence interaction. The second task is investigation of three-dimensional interaction between wake vortices and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) turbulence. The third task is ABL studies. The, fourth task is addition of a Klemp-Durran condition at the top boundary for TASS model. The accomplishment of these tasks will increase our understanding of the dynamics of wake vortex and improve forecasting systems responsible for air safety and efficiency. The first two tasks include following three parts: (a) Determine significant length scale for vortex decay and transport, especially the length scales associated with the onset of Crow instability (Crow, 1970); (b) Study the effects of atmospheric turbulence on the decay of the wake vortices; and (c) Determine the relationships between decay rate, transport properties and atmospheric parameters based on large eddy simulation (LES) results and the observational data. These parameters may include turbulence kinetic energy, dissipation rate, wind shear and atmospheric stratification. The ABL studies cover LES modeling of turbulence structure within planetary boundary layer under transition and stable stratification conditions. Evidences have shown that the turbulence in the stable boundary layer can be highly intermittent and the length scales of eddies are very small compared to those in convective case. We proposed to develop a nesting grid mesh scheme and a modified Klemp-Durran conditions (Klemp and Wilhelmson, 1978) at the top boundary for TASS model to simulate planetary boundary layer under stable stratification conditions. During the past year, our group has made great efforts to carry out the above mentioned four tasks simultaneously. The work accomplished in the last year will be described in the next section.

  9. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 84

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Abriola, Daniel; Bostan, Melih; Erturk, Sefa; Fadil, Manssour; Galan, Monica; Juutinen, Sakari; Kibédi, Tibor; Kondev, Filip; Luca, Aurelian; Negret, Alexandru; Nica, Ninel; Pfeiffer, Bernd; Singh, Balraj; Sonzogni, Alejandro; Timar, Janos; Tuli, Jagdish; Venkova, Tsanka; Zuber, Kazimierz

    2009-11-01

    The evaluated spectroscopic data are presented for 12 known nuclides of mass 84 (Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo). Except for the stable nuclides 84Sr and 84Kr, extensive new data are available for all the other nuclides since the 1997 evaluation by J.K. Tuli (1997Tu02) of A = 84 nuclides. Many precise Penning-trap mass measurements since AME-2003 for A = 84 nuclides (2009Re03,2008Ha23,2008We10,2007Ke09,2006Ka48,2006De36,2006Ri15) have resulted in improved Q values and separation energies. However, many deficiencies still remain. Some examples are given below. Excited-state data for 84Ga and 84As are nonexistent, and those for 84Ge are scarce. The radioactive decay schemes of 84Ga, 84Ge, 84Se, 84Y (39.5 min), 84Y (4.6 s), 84Zr and 84Nb suffer from incompleteness and that for 84Mo decay is not known at all. The energy ordering of the two activities (39.5 min and and 4.6 s) of 84Y is not well established, although, high-spin with tentative spin-parity of (6+) is adopted here as the ground state of 84Y based on weak arguments. From a conference report published in 2000, it is clear that extensive experiments were done to investigate decays of 84Zr and 84Y, but details of these studies never appeared in literature and none were made available to the evaluators when requested from original authors. This evaluation was carried out as part of ENSDF workshop for Nuclear Structure and Decay Data Evaluators, organized and hosted by the "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania during March 30, 2009 - April 3, 2009. Names of the evaluators principally responsible for evaluation of individual nuclides are given under the respective Adopted data sets.

  10. Stabilized linear semi-implicit schemes for the nonlocal Cahn-Hilliard equation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Du, Qiang; Ju, Lili; Li, Xiao; Qiao, Zhonghua

    2018-06-01

    Comparing with the well-known classic Cahn-Hilliard equation, the nonlocal Cahn-Hilliard equation is equipped with a nonlocal diffusion operator and can describe more practical phenomena for modeling phase transitions of microstructures in materials. On the other hand, it evidently brings more computational costs in numerical simulations, thus efficient and accurate time integration schemes are highly desired. In this paper, we propose two energy-stable linear semi-implicit methods with first and second order temporal accuracies respectively for solving the nonlocal Cahn-Hilliard equation. The temporal discretization is done by using the stabilization technique with the nonlocal diffusion term treated implicitly, while the spatial discretization is carried out by the Fourier collocation method with FFT-based fast implementations. The energy stabilities are rigorously established for both methods in the fully discrete sense. Numerical experiments are conducted for a typical case involving Gaussian kernels. We test the temporal convergence rates of the proposed schemes and make a comparison of the nonlocal phase transition process with the corresponding local one. In addition, long-time simulations of the coarsening dynamics are also performed to predict the power law of the energy decay.

  11. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mishra, Manoj K., E-mail: manoj.qit@gmail.com; Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organization; Prakash, Hari

    Long distance atomic teleportation (LDAT) is of prime importance in long distance quantum communication. Scheme proposed by Bose et al. (1999) in principle enables us to have LDAT using cavity decay. However it gives message state dependent fidelity and success rate. Here, using interaction of entangled coherent states with atom–cavity systems and a two-step measurement, we show how, LDAT can be achieved with unit fidelity and as good success as desired under ideal conditions. The scheme is unique in that, the first measurement predicts success or failure. If success is predicted then second measurement gives perfect teleportation. If failure is predictedmore » the message-qubit remains conserved therefore a second attempt may be started. We found that even in presence of decoherence due to dissipation of energy our scheme gives message state independent success rate and almost perfect teleportation in single attempt with mean fidelity of teleportation equal to 0.9 at long distances. However if first attempt fails, unlike ideal case where message-qubit remains conserved with unit fidelity, in presence of decoherence the message-qubit remains conserved to some degree, therefore mean fidelity of teleportation can be increased beyond 0.9 by repeating the process.« less

  12. Adiabatic transfer of energy fluctuations between membranes inside an optical cavity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Garg, Devender; Chauhan, Anil K.; Biswas, Asoka

    2017-08-01

    A scheme is presented for the adiabatic transfer of average fluctuations in the phonon number between two membranes in an optical cavity. We show that by driving the cavity modes with external time-delayed pulses, one can obtain an effect analogous to stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in the atomic systems. The adiabatic transfer of fluctuations from one membrane to the other is attained through a "dark" mode, which is robust against decay of the mediating cavity mode. The results are supported with analytical and numerical calculations with experimentally feasible parameters.

  13. Simulation of PEP-II Accelerator Backgrounds Using TURTLE

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Barlow, R.J.; Fieguth, T.; /SLAC

    2006-02-15

    We present studies of accelerator-induced backgrounds in the BaBar detector at the SLAC B-Factory, carried out using LPTURTLE, a modified version of the DECAY TURTLE simulation package. Lost-particle backgrounds in PEP-II are dominated by a combination of beam-gas bremstrahlung, beam-gas Coulomb scattering, radiative-Bhabha events and beam-beam blow-up. The radiation damage and detector occupancy caused by the associated electromagnetic shower debris can limit the usable luminosity. In order to understand and mitigate such backgrounds, we have performed a full program of beam-gas and luminosity-background simulations, that include the effects of the detector solenoidal field, detailed modeling of limiting apertures in bothmore » collider rings, and optimization of the betatron collimation scheme in the presence of large transverse tails.« less

  14. Cooperative single-photon subradiant states in a three-dimensional atomic array

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jen, H. H.

    2016-11-01

    We propose a complete superradiant and subradiant states that can be manipulated and prepared in a three-dimensional atomic array. These subradiant states can be realized by absorbing a single photon and imprinting the spatially-dependent phases on the atomic system. We find that the collective decay rates and associated cooperative Lamb shifts are highly dependent on the phases we manage to imprint, and the subradiant state of long lifetime can be found for various lattice spacings and atom numbers. We also investigate both optically thin and thick atomic arrays, which can serve for systematic studies of super- and sub-radiance. Our proposal offers an alternative scheme for quantum memory of light in a three-dimensional array of two-level atoms, which is applicable and potentially advantageous in quantum information processing.

  15. Disentangling weak and strong interactions in B→ K^{*}(→ Kπ )π Dalitz-plot analyses

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Charles, Jérôme; Descotes-Genon, Sébastien; Ocariz, José; Pérez Pérez, Alejandro

    2017-08-01

    Dalitz-plot analyses of B→ Kπ π decays provide direct access to decay amplitudes, and thereby weak and strong phases can be disentangled by resolving the interference patterns in phase space between intermediate resonant states. A phenomenological isospin analysis of B→ K^*(→ Kπ )π decay amplitudes is presented exploiting available amplitude analyses performed at the BaBar, Belle and LHCb experiments. A first application consists in constraining the CKM parameters thanks to an external hadronic input. A method, proposed some time ago by two different groups and relying on a bound on the electroweak penguin contribution, is shown to lack the desired robustness and accuracy, and we propose a more alluring alternative using a bound on the annihilation contribution. A second application consists in extracting information on hadronic amplitudes assuming the values of the CKM parameters from a global fit to quark flavour data. The current data yields several solutions, which do not fully support the hierarchy of hadronic amplitudes usually expected from theoretical arguments (colour suppression, suppression of electroweak penguins), as illustrated from computations within QCD factorisation. Some prospects concerning the impact of future measurements at LHCb and Belle II are also presented. Results are obtained with the CKMfitter analysis package, featuring the frequentist statistical approach and using the Rfit scheme to handle theoretical uncertainties.

  16. Purification of telluric acid for SNO+ neutrinoless double-beta decay search

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hans, S.; Rosero, R.; Hu, L.; Chkvorets, O.; Chan, W. T.; Guan, S.; Beriguete, W.; Wright, A.; Ford, R.; Chen, M. C.; Biller, S.; Yeh, M.

    2015-09-01

    Tellurium-130 has the highest natural abundance of any double-beta decay isotopes. Recently it has been developed as a promising candidate for loading in liquid scintillator to explore the Majorana or Dirac nature of the neutrino through a search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ). To this end, procedures have been developed to transfer tellurium ions into the organic liquid by a water-based loading technology. However, traces of naturally occurring radioactivity and cosmic-ray induced isotopes introduced into the scintillator with tellurium could produce undesirable contaminations in the 130Te 0νββ region. Measurements using various elemental spikes prepared from different chemical forms indicate that the uses of self-scavenging as well as acid and thermal recrystallization prior to the preparation of a tellurium-loaded liquid scintillator can deplete U and Th and several cosmic-activated isotopes from Te feedstock by a factor of 102-103 in a single pass. The process is also found to improve the optical transmission in the blue region, sensible to the photomultiplier tube, by removing traces of colored impurities. In addition to the scintillator-based experiments, this cleansing scheme has potential applications to the production of radiopure tellurium crystals for other rare-event experiments.

  17. Direct observation of slow intersystem crossing in an aromatic ketone, fluorenone.

    PubMed

    Soep, Benoît; Mestdagh, Jean-Michel; Briant, Marc; Gaveau, Marc-André; Poisson, Lionel

    2016-08-17

    Direct measurements of Single vibronic Level InterSystem Crossing (SLISC) have been performed on the fluorenone molecule in the gas phase, by time resolved photoelectron and photoion spectroscopy. Vibronic transitions above the S1 nπ* origin were excited in the 432-420 nm region and the decay of S1 and growth of T1(3)ππ* could be observed within a 10 ns time domain. The ionization potential is measured as 8.33 ± 0.04 eV. The energy of the first excited triplet state of fluorenone, T1 has been characterized directly at 18 640 ± 250 cm(-1). The internal conversion of S1 to S0 is found to amount to ∼15% of the population decay, thus ISC is the dominant electronic relaxation process. ISC, although favored by the S1(1)nπ*-T1(3)ππ* coupling scheme, is 3 orders of magnitude less efficient than in the similar molecule benzophenone. Thus, the planarity of the fluorenone molecule disfavors the exploration of the configuration space where surface crossings would create high ISC probability, which occurs in benzophenone through surface crossings. The time evolution of S1 fluorenone is well accounted for by the statistical decay of individual levels into a quasi-continuum of T1 vibronic levels.

  18. High count-rate study of two TES x-ray microcalorimeters with different transition temperatures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Sang-Jun; Adams, Joseph S.; Bandler, Simon R.; Betancourt-Martinez, Gabriele L.; Chervenak, James A.; Eckart, Megan E.; Finkbeiner, Fred M.; Kelley, Richard L.; Kilbourne, Caroline A.; Porter, Frederick S.; Sadleir, John E.; Smith, Stephen J.; Wassell, Edward J.

    2017-10-01

    We have developed transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter arrays with high count-rate capability and high energy resolution to carry out x-ray imaging spectroscopy observations of various astronomical sources and the Sun. We have studied the dependence of the energy resolution and throughput (fraction of processed pulses) on the count rate for such microcalorimeters with two different transition temperatures (T c). Devices with both transition temperatures were fabricated within a single microcalorimeter array directly on top of a solid substrate where the thermal conductance of the microcalorimeter is dependent upon the thermal boundary resistance between the TES sensor and the dielectric substrate beneath. Because the thermal boundary resistance is highly temperature dependent, the two types of device with different T cs had very different thermal decay times, approximately one order of magnitude different. In our earlier report, we achieved energy resolutions of 1.6 and 2.3 eV at 6 keV from lower and higher T c devices, respectively, using a standard analysis method based on optimal filtering in the low flux limit. We have now measured the same devices at elevated x-ray fluxes ranging from 50 Hz to 1000 Hz per pixel. In the high flux limit, however, the standard optimal filtering scheme nearly breaks down because of x-ray pile-up. To achieve the highest possible energy resolution for a fixed throughput, we have developed an analysis scheme based on the so-called event grade method. Using the new analysis scheme, we achieved 5.0 eV FWHM with 96% throughput for 6 keV x-rays of 1025 Hz per pixel with the higher T c (faster) device, and 5.8 eV FWHM with 97% throughput with the lower T c (slower) device at 722 Hz.

  19. E2 transition probabilities for decays of isomers observed in neutron-rich odd Sn isotopes

    DOE PAGES

    Iskra, Ł. W.; Broda, R.; Janssens, R. V.F.; ...

    2015-01-01

    High-spin states were investigated with gamma coincidence techniques in neutron-rich Sn isotopes produced in fission processes following ⁴⁸Ca + ²⁰⁸Pb, ⁴⁸Ca + ²³⁸U, and ⁶⁴Ni + ²³⁸U reactions. By exploiting delayed and cross-coincidence techniques, level schemes have been delineated in odd ¹¹⁹⁻¹²⁵Sn isotopes. Particular attention was paid to the occurrence of 19/2⁺ and 23/2⁺ isomeric states for which the available information has now been significantly extended. Reduced transition probabilities, B(E2), extracted from the measured half-lives and the established details of the isomeric decays exhibit a striking regularity. This behavior was compared with the previously observed regularity of the B(E2) amplitudesmore » for the seniority ν = 2 and 3, 10⁺ and 27/2⁻ isomers in even- and odd-Sn isotopes, respectively.« less

  20. γ -soft Ba 146 and the role of nonaxial shapes at N ≈ 90

    DOE PAGES

    Mitchell, A. J.; Lister, C. J.; McCutchan, E. A.; ...

    2016-01-12

    Low-spin states in the neutron-rich, N = 90 nuclide 146Ba were populated following β decay of 146Cs , with the goal of clarifying the development of deformation in barium isotopes through delineation of their nonyrast structures. Fission fragments of 146Cs were extracted from a 1.7-Ci 252Cf source and mass selected using the CAlifornium Rare Ion Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) facility. Low-energy ions were deposited at the center of a box of thin β detectors, surrounded by a highly efficient high-purity Ge array. The new 146Ba decay scheme now contains 31 excited levels extending up to ~2.5 MeV excitation energy, double whatmore » was previously known. These data are compared to predictions from the interacting boson approximation (IBA) model. It appears that the abrupt shape change found at N = 90 in Sm and Gd is much more gradual in Ba and Ce, due to an enhanced role of the γ degree of freedom.« less

  1. Spectroscopy, decay properties and Regge trajectories of the B and Bs mesons

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kher, Virendrasinh; Devlani, Nayneshkumar; Rai, Ajay Kumar

    2017-09-01

    A Gaussian wave function is used for detailed study of the mass spectra of the B and BS mesons using a Cornell potential incorporated with a 𝒪(1/m) correction in the potential energy term and expansion of the kinetic energy term up to 𝒪(p10) for relativistic correction of the Hamiltonian. The predicted excited states for the B and Bs mesons are in very good agreement with results obtained by experiment. We assign B2(5747) and Bs2(5840) as the 13P2 state, B1(5721) and Bs1(5830) as the 1P1 state, B0(5732) as the 13P0 state, Bs1(5850) as the state and B(5970) as the 23S1 state. We investigate the Regge trajectories in the (J,M2) and (nr,M2) planes with their corresponding parameters. The branching ratios for leptonic and radiative-leptonic decays are estimated for the B and BS mesons. Our results are in good agreement with experimental observations as well as outcomes of other theoretical models. A. K. Rai acknowledges the financial support extended by the Department of Science of Technology, India under SERB fast track scheme SR/FTP /PS-152/2012

  2. Beta-delayed neutron emission from 94Rb at CARIBU

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wilson, Gemma; Chowdhury, P.; Lister, C.; Brown, T.; Chillery, T.; Copp, P.; Doucet, E.; Carpenter, M.; Savard, G.; Zhu, S.; Mitchell, Aj

    2017-09-01

    Beta-delayed neutron emission studies are important in the astrophysical r-process, nuclear structure and for nuclear reactor safety and design. The probability of β-delayed neutron emission in 94Sr is 10.2(2)%. Many of the γ rays in 94Sr are misplaced, and an estimated 26% are thought to be missing. Recently, substantial γ strength from above the neutron separation energy in 94Sr has been reported. An experiment to understand this high-lying γ strength was performed with the X-Array (a high-efficiency HPGe clover array), SCANS (Small CLYC Array for Neutron Scattering) and the SATURN decay station (Scintillator And Tape Using Radioactive Nuclei) for γ, fast-neutron and β-particle detection, respectively. Data from β decay of 94Rb ions delivered from CARIBU were collected in a triggerless digital data acquisition system, with detected β, n, and γ events correlated offline. A new 94Sr level scheme will be presented, with confirmation of new levels and transitions, in addition to evidence of γ strength above the neutron separation energy. NNSA Stewardship Science Academic Alliance Program through USDOE under Grant DE-NA0002932; USDOE, Office of Nucl Phys, under Contract No. DE-FG02-96ER40978; Louisiana State Board of Regents RCS LEQSF(2016-19)-RD-A-09; DE-AC02-06CHI1357.

  3. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 215

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Singh, Balraj; Mukherjee, Gopal; Abriola, Daniel

    2013-12-15

    The evaluated spectroscopic data are presented for 12 known nuclides of mass 215 (Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Rn, Fr, Ra, Ac, Th, Pa). For {sup 215}Hg, {sup 215}Tl, {sup 215}Pb, and {sup 215}Pa nuclei, no excited states are known. The decay characteristics of {sup 215}Hg and {sup 215}Tl are unknown. The decay scheme of {sup 215}Pb is considered as incomplete. Ordering of γ cascades in the decay of 36.9–s isomer of {sup 215}Bi and for high–spin states above 2251 keV in {sup 215}Fr are not established. High–spin excitations, including several isomeric states, are well known in {sup 215}Bi,more » {sup 215}Po, {sup 215}Rn, {sup 215}Fr, {sup 215}Ra, and {sup 215}Ac. No particle–transfer reaction data are available for any of the A=215 nuclei. The rms charge radii for {sup 215}Pb, {sup 215}Bi, {sup 215}Po, {sup 215}Rn, {sup 215}Fr and {sup 215}Ra have been evaluated by Daniel Abriola, from extrapolation or interpolation of available evaluated data in 2013An02 for radii of respective Z chains using formula 9 in 2004An14. This evaluation was carried out as part of ENSDD–workshop at VECC, Kolkata for Nuclear Structure and Decay Data, organized and hosted by VECC and Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS) in Kolkata, India, November 26–29, 2012. This work supersedes the previous A = 215 evaluation (2001Br31) published by E. Browne which covered literature prior to May 2001.« less

  4. Low-lying intruder and tensor-driven structures in 82As revealed by β decay at a new movable-tape-based experimental setup

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Etilé, A.; Verney, D.; Arsenyev, N. N.; Bettane, J.; Borzov, I. N.; Cheikh Mhamed, M.; Cuong, P. V.; Delafosse, C.; Didierjean, F.; Gaulard, C.; Van Giai, Nguyen; Goasduff, A.; Ibrahim, F.; Kolos, K.; Lau, C.; Niikura, M.; Roccia, S.; Severyukhin, A. P.; Testov, D.; Tusseau-Nenez, S.; Voronov, V. V.

    2015-06-01

    The β decay of 82Ge Ge was re-investigated using the newly commissioned tape station BEDO at the electron-driven ISOL (isotope separation on line) facility ALTO operated by the Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Orsay. The original motivation of this work was focused on the sudden occurrence in the light N =49 odd-odd isotonic chain of a large number of J ≤1 states (positive or negative parity) in 80Ga by providing a reliable intermediate example, viz., 82As. The extension of the 82As level scheme towards higher energies from the present work has revealed three potential 1+ states above the already known one at 1092 keV. In addition our data allow ruling out the hypothesis that the 843 keV level could be a 1+ state. A detailed analysis of the level scheme using both an empirical core-particle coupling model and a fully microscopic treatment within a Skyrme-QRPA (quasiparticle random-phase approximation) approach using the finite-rank separable approximation was performed. From this analysis two conclusions can be drawn: (i) the presence of a large number of low-lying low-spin negative parity states is due to intruder states stemming from above the N =50 shell closure, and (ii) the sudden increase, from 82As to 80Ga, of the number of low-lying 1+ states and the corresponding Gamow-Teller fragmentation are naturally reproduced by the inclusion of tensor correlations and couplings to 2p-2h excitations.

  5. Penning ionization widths by Fano-algebraic diagrammatic construction method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yun, Renjie; Narevicius, Edvardas; Averbukh, Vitali

    2018-03-01

    We present an ab initio theory and computational method for Penning ionization widths. Our method is based on the Fano theory of resonances, algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC) scheme for many-electron systems, and Stieltjes imaging procedure. It includes an extension of the Fano-ADC scheme [V. Averbukh and L. S. Cederbaum, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 204107 (2005)] to triplet excited states. Penning ionization widths of various He*-H2 states are calculated as a function of the distance R between He* and H2. We analyze the asymptotic (large-R) dependences of the Penning widths in the region where the well-established electron transfer mechanism of the decay is suppressed by the multipole- and/or spin-forbidden energy transfer. The R-12 and R-8 power laws are derived for the asymptotes of the Penning widths of the singlet and triplet excited states of He*(1s2s1,3S), respectively. We show that the electron transfer mechanism dominates Penning ionization of He*(1s2s 3S)-H2 up until the He*-H2 separation is large enough for the radiative decay of He* to become the dominant channel. The same mechanism also dominates the ionization of He*(1s2s 1S)-H2 when R < 5 Å. We estimate that the regime of energy transfer in the He*-H2 Penning ionization cannot be reached by approaching zero collisional temperature. However, the multipole-forbidden energy transfer mechanism can become important for Penning ionization in doped helium droplets.

  6. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Halpern, A.M.; Ruggles, C.J.; Zhang, X.K.

    Fluorescence spectra and decay curves of dilute solutions (<3 x 10/sup -4/ M) of triethylamine (TEA), tri-n-propylamine (TPA), and 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane (DABCO) in H/sub 2/O- and D/sub 2/O-saturated n-hexane reveal the presence of a complex formed between the electronically excited amine and water. The decay curves, measured between 273 and 323 K (and at 280 and 360 nm; 300 and 400 nm for DABCO), conform to the standard monomer-excimer photokinetic scheme and are analyzed accordingly. These results indicate that the binding energy of the excited TEA-H/sub 2/O complex (B*) is ca. 7.8 kcal/mol, which is larger than that of the ground-statemore » TEA hydrate. B* for the TPA and DABCO-H/sub 2/O complexes is estimated to be ca. 10 and 8.8 kcal/mol, respectively. Stationary-state measurements are consistent with these assignments. The activation energy for the diffusion of water in n-hexane (assumed to be monomeric) appears to be very small (<1 kcal/mol). The decay constants of the three complexes studied are ca. 3.4 x 10/sup 7/ s/sup -1/ for amine-H/sub 2/O and 2.9 x 10/sup 7/ s/sup -1/ for the amine-D/sub 2/O systems. Intrinsic fluorescence quantum efficiencies of the amine-H/sub 2/O complexes are 0.17, 0.23, and 0.28 for TEA, TPA, and DABCO, respectively, at 303 K. A Foerster cycle analysis of the dry and H/sub 2/O-saturated fluorescence spectra of TEA, when taking the ground-state hydrate into account indicates that the repulsion energy of the post-fluorescence (TEA-H/sub 2/O) complex is ca. 10 kcal/mol.« less

  7. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=85

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Singh, Balraj; Chen, Jun

    2014-02-01

    Evaluated experimental data are presented for 13 known nuclides of mass 85 (Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo). Since the previous 1990 evaluation of A=85, {sup 85}Zn, {sup 85}Ga, {sup 85}Ge and {sup 85}nuclides are newly added here. Excited state data for {sup 85}Se, {sup 85}Zr have become available from radioactive decay and in–beam γ–ray studies. New and improved high–spin data are available for {sup 85}Br, {sup 85}Kr, {sup 85}Rb, {sup 85}Y, {sup 85}Nb and {sup 85}Mo. New direct and precise measurement of atomic masses of {sup 85}Ge, {sup 85}As, {sup 85}Se, {supmore » 85}Br, {sup 85}Rb, {sup 85}Zr, {sup 85}Nb and {sup 85}Mo have greatly improved the landscape of β decay–Q values and separation energies in this mass region. In spite of extensive experimental work on the isobaric nuclei of this mass chain several deficiencies remain. No excited states are known in {sup 85}Zn, {sup 85}Ga, {sup 85}As. Only a few excited state are assigned in {sup 85}Ge from {sup 85}Ga β– decay. From radioactivity studies, the decay schemes of {sup 85}Zn and {sup 85}Mo are not known, and those for {sup 85}Ga, {sup 85}Ge, {sup 85}As and 10.9–s isomer of {sup 85}Zr are incomplete. Level lifetimes are not known for excited states in {sup 85}Se, {sup 85}Br, {sup 85}Nb and {sup 85}Mo. The {sup 85}Tc nuclide has not been detected in fragmentation experiments at GANIL, alluding to its unbound nature for proton emission. The {sup 85}Kr, {sup 85}Rb, {sup 85}Sr, and {sup 85}Y nuclides remain the most extensively studied from many different reactions and decays. The evaluation of A=85 nuclides has been done after a span of 23 years, thus includes an extensive amount of new data for almost each nuclide. This work supersedes the data for A=85 nuclides presented in earlier full NDS publication by J. Tepel in 1980Te04 and a later one published in an update mode by H. Sievers in 1991Si01.« less

  8. Quantum preservation of the measurements precision using ultra-short strong pulses in exact analytical solution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Berrada, K.; Eleuch, H.

    2017-09-01

    Various schemes have been proposed to improve the parameter-estimation precision. In the present work, we suggest an alternative method to preserve the estimation precision by considering a model that closely describes a realistic experimental scenario. We explore this active way to control and enhance the measurements precision for a two-level quantum system interacting with classical electromagnetic field using ultra-short strong pulses with an exact analytical solution, i.e. beyond the rotating wave approximation. In particular, we investigate the variation of the precision with a few cycles pulse and a smooth phase jump over a finite time interval. We show that by acting on the shape of the phase transient and other parameters of the considered system, the amount of information may be increased and has smaller decay rate in the long time. These features make two-level systems incorporated in ultra-short, of-resonant and gradually changing phase good candidates for implementation of schemes for the quantum computation and the coherent information processing.

  9. Continuous generation and stabilization of Schrödinger cat states in a quantum circuit

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Roy, A.; Leghtas, Z.; Stone, A. D.; Devoret, M. H.; Mirrahimi, M.

    2015-03-01

    While dissipation is widely considered as being harmful for quantum coherence, it can, when properly engineered, lead to the stabilization of non-trivial pure quantum states. Deterministic generation of non-classical states like Schrödinger cat states is one of the key ingredients in performing universal quantum computation. We theoretically propose a scheme, adapted to superconducting quantum circuits, for continuous generation and stabilization of these states in a cavity using dissipation engineering. We first generate these states inside a high-Q cavity by engineering its dissipation with a bath that only exchanges photons in pairs. We then stabilize these transient states against single-photon decay using a second engineered bath. The single-photon stabilization is autonomous, and exploits the photon-number-dependent frequency-splitting due to Kerr interactions in the strongly dispersive regime of circuit QED. We present analytical and numerical results demonstrating the robustness of the scheme and its amenability to immediate experimental implementation. Work supported by ARO.

  10. Nonadiabatic ab initio molecular dynamics with PME-ONIOM scheme of photoisomerization reaction between 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 1,3,5-cis-hexatriene in solution phase

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ohta, Ayumi; Kobayashi, Osamu; Danielache, Sebastian O.; Nanbu, Shinkoh

    2017-03-01

    The ultra-fast photoisomerization reactions between 1,3-cyclohexadiene (CHD) and 1,3,5-cis-hexatriene (HT) in both hexane and ethanol solvents were revealed by nonadiabatic ab initio molecular dynamics (AI-MD) with a particle-mesh Ewald summation method and our Own N-layered Integrated molecular Orbital and molecular Mechanics model (PME-ONIOM) scheme. Zhu-Nakamura version trajectory surface hopping method (ZN-TSH) was employed to treat the ultra-fast nonadiabatic decaying process. The results for hexane and ethanol simulations reasonably agree with experimental data. The high nonpolar-nonpolar affinity between CHD and the solvent was observed in hexane solvent, which definitely affected the excited state lifetimes, the product branching ratio of CHD:HT, and solute (CHD) dynamics. In ethanol solvent, however, the CHD solute was isomerized in the solvent cage caused by the first solvation shell. The photochemical dynamics in ethanol solvent results in the similar property to the process appeared in vacuo (isolated CHD dynamics).

  11. Excitonic Emission of Monolayer Semiconductors Near-Field Coupled to High-Q Microresonators

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Javerzac-Galy, Clément; Kumar, Anshuman; Schilling, Ryan D.; Piro, Nicolas; Khorasani, Sina; Barbone, Matteo; Goykhman, Ilya; Khurgin, Jacob B.; Ferrari, Andrea C.; Kippenberg, Tobias J.

    2018-05-01

    We present quantum yield measurements of single layer $\\textrm{WSe}_2$ (1L-$\\textrm{WSe}_2$) integrated with high-Q ($Q>10^6$) optical microdisk cavities, using an efficient ($\\eta>$90%) near-field coupling scheme based on a tapered optical fiber. Coupling of the excitonic emission is achieved by placing 1L-WSe$_2$ to the evanescent cavity field. This preserves the microresonator high intrinsic quality factor ($Q>10^6$) below the bandgap of 1L-WSe$_2$. The nonlinear excitation power dependence of the cavity quantum yield is in agreement with an exciton-exciton annihilation model. The cavity quantum yield is $\\textrm{QY}_\\textrm{c}\\sim10^{-3}$, consistent with operation in the \\textit{broad emitter} regime (i.e. the emission lifetime of 1L-WSe$_2$ is significantly shorter than the bare cavity decay time). This scheme can serve as a precise measurement tool for the excitonic emission of layered materials into cavity modes, for both in plane and out of plane excitation.

  12. Entropic lattice Boltzmann model for compressible flows.

    PubMed

    Frapolli, N; Chikatamarla, S S; Karlin, I V

    2015-12-01

    We present a lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) that covers the entire range of fluid flows, from low Mach weakly compressible to transonic and supersonic flows. One of the most restrictive limitations of the lattice Boltzmann method, the low Mach number limit, is overcome here by three fundamental changes to the LBM scheme: use of an appropriately chosen multispeed lattice, accurate evaluation of the equilibrium, and the entropic relaxation for the collision. The range of applications is demonstrated through the simulation of a bow shock in front of an airfoil and the simulation of decaying compressible turbulence with shocklets.

  13. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 21

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Firestone, R.B.

    2015-07-15

    This evaluation of A = 21 has been updated from previous evaluations published in 2004Fi10, 1998En04, 1990En08, and 1978En02. Coverage includes properties of adopted levels and γ-rays, decay-scheme data (energies, intensities and placement of radiations), and cross reference entries. The following tables continue the tradition of showing the systematic relationships between levels in A = 21. Much of the new data in this evaluations were taken directly from the xundl database, compiled under the direction of Balraj Singh, McMaster University. The evaluator is particularly appreciative of the efforts of the xundl compilers.

  14. Cell-veto Monte Carlo algorithm for long-range systems.

    PubMed

    Kapfer, Sebastian C; Krauth, Werner

    2016-09-01

    We present a rigorous efficient event-chain Monte Carlo algorithm for long-range interacting particle systems. Using a cell-veto scheme within the factorized Metropolis algorithm, we compute each single-particle move with a fixed number of operations. For slowly decaying potentials such as Coulomb interactions, screening line charges allow us to take into account periodic boundary conditions. We discuss the performance of the cell-veto Monte Carlo algorithm for general inverse-power-law potentials, and illustrate how it provides a new outlook on one of the prominent bottlenecks in large-scale atomistic Monte Carlo simulations.

  15. 65Zn and 133Ba standardizing by photon-photon coincidence counting

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Loureiro, Jamir S.; da Cruz, Paulo A. L.; Iwahara, Akira; Delgado, José U.; Lopes, Ricardo T.

    2018-03-01

    The LNMRI/Brazil has deployed a system using X-gamma coincidence technique for the standardizing radionuclide, which present simple and complex decay scheme with X-rays of energy below 100 keV. The work was carried on radionuclide metrology laboratory using a sodium iodide detector, for gamma photons, in combination with a high purity germanium detector for X-rays. Samples of 65Zn and 133Ba were standardized and the results for both radionuclides showed good precision and accuracy when compared with reference values. The standardization differences were 0.72 % for 65Zn and 0.48 % for 133Ba samples.

  16. Stationary light pulse in solids with long-lived spin coherence

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zhang Xiaojun; Wang Haihua; Wang Lei

    We present a detailed analysis of stationary light pulses (SLP's) for the case of inhomogeneous broadening in both optical and spin transitions, which is normally found in solid materials with long-lived spin coherence. By solving the Langevin equations of motion for the density matrix elements under the integral over the entire range of the inhomogeneous broadenings, the necessary conditions for creating the SLP in a solid are obtained. Then the decay and diffusion processes that the SLP undergoes are analyzed. The characteristics of such processes are studied based on the analytic solution of the SLP with a slowly varying envelope.more » The dependence of SLP lifetime on inhomogeneous broadenings of spin and optical transitions, which can be regarded as the laser linewidth in the repump scheme, has been discussed.« less

  17. Mathematical analysis of the 1D model and reconstruction schemes for magnetic particle imaging

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Erb, W.; Weinmann, A.; Ahlborg, M.; Brandt, C.; Bringout, G.; Buzug, T. M.; Frikel, J.; Kaethner, C.; Knopp, T.; März, T.; Möddel, M.; Storath, M.; Weber, A.

    2018-05-01

    Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a promising new in vivo medical imaging modality in which distributions of super-paramagnetic nanoparticles are tracked based on their response in an applied magnetic field. In this paper we provide a mathematical analysis of the modeled MPI operator in the univariate situation. We provide a Hilbert space setup, in which the MPI operator is decomposed into simple building blocks and in which these building blocks are analyzed with respect to their mathematical properties. In turn, we obtain an analysis of the MPI forward operator and, in particular, of its ill-posedness properties. We further get that the singular values of the MPI core operator decrease exponentially. We complement our analytic results by some numerical studies which, in particular, suggest a rapid decay of the singular values of the MPI operator.

  18. Nonadiabatic electron wavepacket dynamics behind molecular autoionization

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Matsuoka, Takahide; Takatsuka, Kazuo

    2018-01-01

    A theoretical method for real-time dynamics of nonadiabatic reorganization of electronic configurations in molecules is developed, with dual aim that the intramolecular electron dynamics can be probed by means of direct and/or indirect photoionizations and that the physical origins behind photoionization signals attained in the time domain can be identified in terms of the language of time-dependent quantum chemistry. In doing so, we first formulate and implement a new computational scheme for nonadiabatic electron dynamics associated with molecular ionization, which well fits in the general theory of nonadiabatic electron dynamics. In this method, the total nonadiabatic electron wavepackets are propagated in time directly with complex natural orbitals without referring to Hartree-Fock molecular orbitals, and the amount of electron flux from a molecular region leading to ionization is evaluated in terms of the relevant complex natural orbitals. In the second half of this paper, we apply the method to electron dynamics in the elementary processes consisting of the Auger decay to demonstrate the methodological significance. An illustrative example is taken from an Auger decay starting from the 2a1 orbital hole-state of H2O+. The roles of nuclear momentum (kinetic) couplings in electronic-state mixing during the decay process are analyzed in terms of complex natural orbitals, which are schematically represented in the conventional language of molecular symmetry of the Hartree-Fock orbitals.

  19. The Structure of 34Mg Nuclei

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Luna, Benjamin

    2017-09-01

    In the chart of nuclei below the beta-stability line, there are regions called islands of inversion where nuclei are expected have a spherical ground state, but it has been determined that these nuclei have a deformed ground state. This project was part of an ongoing investigation with the goal of obtaining new information about 34Mg and 34Al, which lie near an island of inversion. A beam of 34Mg was sent to the center of an array of plastic scintillators and HPGe detectors to collect data from the isotope's beta decay. This isotope beta decays to 34Al and to 34Si. The analysis softwares ROOT and GRSISort were used to sort the data into analysis trees, from which certain histograms were extracted. These histograms were used to determine an initial list of gamma ray transitions associated with the relatively fast decays of 34Mg and 34Al. Since the efficiencies of gamma ray detection are known, the true number of counts from each transition can be determined. This was done to order the gamma ray transitions into a nuclear level scheme. Future work on this subject will include the analysis of the angular correlations of the transitions found to determine spins of states populated in the 34Al and Si daughter nuclei as well as shedding light on the isomer in 34Al.

  20. Pump-dump-probe and pump-repump-probe ultrafast spectroscopy resolves cross section of an early ground state intermediate and stimulated emission in the photoreactions of the Pr ground state of the cyanobacterial phytochrome Cph1.

    PubMed

    Fitzpatrick, Ann E; Lincoln, Craig N; van Wilderen, Luuk J G W; van Thor, Jasper J

    2012-01-26

    The primary photoreactions of the red absorbing ground state (Pr) of the cyanobacterial phytochrome Cph1 from Synechocystis PCC 6803 involve C15═C16 Z-E photoisomerization of its phycocyanobilin chromophore. The first observable product intermediate in pump-probe measurements of the photocycle, "Lumi-R", is formed with picosecond kinetics and involves excited state decay reactions that have 3 and 14 ps time constants. Here, we have studied the photochemical formation of the Lumi-R intermediate using multipulse picosecond visible spectroscopy. Pump-dump-probe (PDP) and pump-repump-probe (PRP) experiments were carried out by employing two femtosecond visible pulses with 1, 14, and 160 ps delays, together with a broadband dispersive visible probe. The time delays between the two excitation pulses have been selected to allow interaction with the dominant (3 and 14 ps) kinetic phases of Lumi-R formation. The frequency dependence of the PDP and PRP amplitudes was investigated at 620, 640, 660, and 680 nm, covering excited state absorption (λ(max) = 620 nm), ground state absorption (λ(max) = 660 nm), and stimulated emission (λ(max) = 680 nm) cross sections. Experimental double difference transient absorbance signals (ΔΔOD), from the PDP and PRP measurements, required corrections to remove contributions from ground state repumping. The sensitivity of the resulting ΔΔOD signals was systematically investigated for possible connectivity schemes and photochemical parameters. When applying a homogeneous (sequentially decaying) connectivity scheme in both the 3 and 14 ps kinetic phases, evidence for repumping of an intermediate that has an electronic ground state configuration (GSI) is taken from the dump-induced S1 formation with 620, 640, and 660 nm wavelengths and 1 and 14 ps repump delays. Evidence for repumping a GSI is also seen, for the same excitation wavelengths, when imposing a target connectivity scheme proposed in the literature for the 1 ps repump delay. In contrast, using a 680 nm dump pulse, ground state formation is observed for all models examined. The ΔΔOD signals were dominated by stimulated emission, at both 1 and 14 ps delays for the longer wavelength excitation. The GSI, which is revealed by the PRP measurements and not resolved from pump-probe measurements, is found to be directly formed from the excited state of Pr, and its formation is considered using heterogeneous, homogeneous, and target models to globally fit the data.

  1. Investigation of inconsistent ENDF/B-VII.1 independent and cumulative fission product yields with proposed revisions

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pigni, Marco T; Francis, Matthew W; Gauld, Ian C

    A recent implementation of ENDF/B-VII. independent fission product yields and nuclear decay data identified inconsistencies in the data caused by the use of updated nuclear scheme in the decay sub-library that is not reflected in legacy fission product yield data. Recent changes in the decay data sub-library, particularly the delayed neutron branching fractions, result in calculated fission product concentrations that are incompatible with the cumulative fission yields in the library, and also with experimental measurements. A comprehensive set of independent fission product yields was generated for thermal and fission spectrum neutron induced fission for 235,238U and 239,241Pu in order tomore » provide a preliminary assessment of the updated fission product yield data consistency. These updated independent fission product yields were utilized in the ORIGEN code to evaluate the calculated fission product inventories with experimentally measured inventories, with particular attention given to the noble gases. An important outcome of this work is the development of fission product yield covariance data necessary for fission product uncertainty quantification. The evaluation methodology combines a sequential Bayesian method to guarantee consistency between independent and cumulative yields along with the physical constraints on the independent yields. This work was motivated to improve the performance of the ENDF/B-VII.1 library in the case of stable and long-lived cumulative yields due to the inconsistency of ENDF/B-VII.1 fission p;roduct yield and decay data sub-libraries. The revised fission product yields and the new covariance data are proposed as a revision to the fission yield data currently in ENDF/B-VII.1.« less

  2. Exact exchange plane-wave-pseudopotential calculations for slabs: Extending the width of the vacuum

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Engel, Eberhard

    2018-04-01

    Standard plane-wave pseudopotential (PWPP) calculations for slabs such as graphene become extremely demanding, as soon as the exact exchange (EXX) of density functional theory is applied. Even if the Krieger-Li-Iafrate (KLI) approximation for the EXX potential is utilized, such EXX-PWPP calculations suffer from the fact that an accurate representation of the occupied states throughout the complete vacuum between the replicas of the slab is required. In this contribution, a robust and efficient extension scheme for the PWPP states is introduced, which ensures the correct exponential decay of the slab states in the vacuum for standard cutoff energies and therefore facilitates EXX-PWPP calculations for very wide vacua and rather thick slabs. Using this scheme, it is explicitly verified that the Slater component of the EXX/KLI potential decays as -1 /z over an extended region sufficiently far from the surface (assumed to be perpendicular to the z direction) and from the middle of the vacuum, thus reproducing the asymptotic behavior of the exact EXX potential of a single slab. The calculations also reveal that the orbital-shift component of the EXX/KLI potential is quite sizable in the asymptotic region. In spite of the long-range exchange potential, the replicas of the slab decouple rather quickly with increasing width of the vacuum. Relying on the identity of the work function with the Fermi energy obtained with a suitably normalized total potential, the present EXX/KLI calculations predict work functions for both graphene and the Si(111) surface which are substantially larger than the corresponding experimental data. Together with the size of the orbital-shift potential in the asymptotic region, the very large EXX/KLI work functions indicate a failure of the KLI approximation for nonmetallic slabs.

  3. Thermal neutron capture cross sections for 16,171,18O and 2H

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Firestone, R. B.; Revay, Zs.

    2016-04-01

    Thermal neutron capture γ -ray spectra for 16,17,18O and 2H have been measured with guided cold neutron beams from the Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II) reactor and the Budapest Research Reactor (BRR) on natural and O,1817 enriched D2O targets. Complete neutron capture γ -ray decay schemes for the 16,17,18O(n ,γ ) reactions were measured. Absolute transition probabilities were determined for each reaction by a least-squares fit of the γ -ray intensities to the decay schemes after accounting for the contribution from internal conversion. The transition probability for the 870.76-keV γ ray from 16O(n ,γ ) was measured as Pγ(871 )=96.6 ±0.5 % and the thermal neutron cross section for this γ ray was determined as 0.164 ±0.003 mb by internal standardization with multiple targets containing oxygen and stoichiometric quantities of hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon whose γ -ray cross sections were previously standardized. The γ -ray cross sections for the O,1817(n ,γ ) and 2H(n ,γ ) reactions were then determined relative to the 870.76-keV γ -ray cross section after accounting for the isotopic abundances in the targets. We determined the following total radiative thermal neutron cross sections for each isotope from the γ -ray cross sections and transition probabilities; σ0(16O )=0.170 ±0.003 mb; σ0(17O )=0.67 ±0.07 mb; σ0(18O )=0.141 ±0.006 mb; and σ0(2H )=0.489 ±0.006 mb.

  4. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 84

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Abriola, Daniel; Bostan, Melih; Erturk, Sefa

    The evaluated spectroscopic data are presented for 12 known nuclides of mass 84 (Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo). Except for the stable nuclides {sup 84}Sr and {sup 84}Kr, extensive new data are available for all the other nuclides since the 1997 evaluation by J.K. Tuli (1997Tu02) of A = 84 nuclides. Many precise Penning-trap mass measurements since AME-2003 for A = 84 nuclides (2009Re03,2008Ha23,2008We10,2007Ke09,2006Ka48,2006De36,2006Ri15) have resulted in improved Q values and separation energies. However, many deficiencies still remain. Some examples are given below. Excited-state data for {sup 84}Ga and {sup 84}As are nonexistent,more » and those for {sup 84}Ge are scarce. The radioactive decay schemes of {sup 84}Ga, {sup 84}Ge, {sup 84}Se, {sup 84}Y (39.5 min), {sup 84}Y (4.6 s), {sup 84}Zr and {sup 84}Nb suffer from incompleteness and that for {sup 84}Mo decay is not known at all. The energy ordering of the two activities (39.5 min and and 4.6 s) of {sup 84}Y is not well established, although, high-spin with tentative spin-parity of (6+) is adopted here as the ground state of {sup 84}Y based on weak arguments. From a conference report published in 2000, it is clear that extensive experiments were done to investigate decays of {sup 84}Zr and {sup 84}Y, but details of these studies never appeared in literature and none were made available to the evaluators when requested from original authors. This evaluation was carried out as part of ENSDF workshop for Nuclear Structure and Decay Data Evaluators, organized and hosted by the 'Horia Hulubei' National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania during March 30, 2009 - April 3, 2009. Names of the evaluators principally responsible for evaluation of individual nuclides are given under the respective Adopted data sets.« less

  5. Nuclear Data Sheets A = 84

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Abriola, D.; Sonzogni, A.; Bostan,M. Erturk,S.

    The evaluated spectroscopic data are presented for 12 known nuclides of mass 84 (Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo). Except for the stable nuclides {sup 84}Sr and {sup 84}Kr, extensive new data are available for all the other nuclides since the 1997 evaluation by J.K. Tuli (1997Tu02) of A = 84 nuclides. Many precise Penning-trap mass measurements since AME-2003 for A = 84 nuclides (2009Re03,2008Ha23,2008We10,2007Ke09,2006Ka48,2006De36,2006Ri15) have resulted in improved Q values and separation energies. However, many deficiencies still remain. Some examples are given below. Excited-state data for {sup 84}Ga and {sup 84}As are nonexistent,more » and those for {sup 84}Ge are scarce. The radioactive decay schemes of {sup 84}Ga, {sup 84}Ge, {sup 84}Se, {sup 84}Y (39.5 min), {sup 84}Y (4.6 s), {sup 84}Zr and {sup 84}Nb suffer from incompleteness and that for {sup 84}Mo decay is not known at all. The energy ordering of the two activities (39.5 min and and 4.6 s) of {sup 84}Y is not well established, although, high-spin with tentative spin-parity of (6+) is adopted here as the ground state of {sup 84}Y based on weak arguments. From a conference report published in 2000, it is clear that extensive experiments were done to investigate decays of {sup 84}Zr and {sup 84}Y, but details of these studies never appeared in literature and none were made available to the evaluators when requested from original authors. This evaluation was carried out as part of ENSDF workshop for Nuclear Structure and Decay Data Evaluators, organized and hosted by the 'Horia Hulubei' National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania during March 30, 2009 - April 3, 2009. Names of the evaluators principally responsible for evaluation of individual nuclides are given under the respective Adopted data sets.« less

  6. Nuclear data sheets for A=84.

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Abriola, D.; Bostan, M.; Erturk, S.

    The evaluated spectroscopic data are presented for 12 known nuclides of mass 84 (Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo). Except for the stable nuclides {sup 84}Sr and {sup 84}Kr, extensive new data are available for all the other nuclides since the 1997 evaluation by J.K. Tuli (1997Tu02) of A = 84 nuclides. Many precise Penning-trap mass measurements since AME-2003 for A = 84 nuclides (2009Re03,2008Ha23,2008We10,2007Ke09,2006Ka48,2006De36,2006Ri15) have resulted in improved Q values and separation energies. However, many deficiencies still remain. Some examples are given below. Excited-state data for {sup 84}Ga and {sup 84}As are nonexistent,more » and those for {sup 84}Ge are scarce. The radioactive decay schemes of {sup 84}Ga, {sup 84}Ge, {sup 84}Se, {sup 84}Y (39.5 min), {sup 84}Y (4.6 s), {sup 84}Zr and {sup 84}Nb suffer from incompleteness and that for {sup 84}Mo decay is not known at all. The energy ordering of the two activities (39.5 min and 4.6 s) of {sup 84}Y is not well established, although, high-spin with tentative spin-parity of (6+) is adopted here as the ground state of {sup 84}Y based on weak arguments. From a conference report published in 2000, it is clear that extensive experiments were done to investigate decays of {sup 84}Zr and {sup 84}Y, but details of these studies never appeared in literature and none were made available to the evaluators when requested from original authors. This evaluation was carried out as part of ENSDF workshop for Nuclear Structure and Decay Data Evaluators, organized and hosted by the 'Horia Hulubei' National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania during March 30, 2009 - April 3, 2009. Names of the evaluators principally responsible for evaluation of individual nuclides are given under the respective Adopted data sets.« less

  7. Monitoring proton radiation therapy with in-room PET imaging

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhu, Xuping; España, Samuel; Daartz, Juliane; Liebsch, Norbert; Ouyang, Jinsong; Paganetti, Harald; Bortfeld, Thomas R.; El Fakhri, Georges

    2011-07-01

    We used a mobile positron emission tomography (PET) scanner positioned within the proton therapy treatment room to study the feasibility of proton range verification with an in-room, stand-alone PET system, and compared with off-line equivalent studies. Two subjects with adenoid cystic carcinoma were enrolled into a pilot study in which in-room PET scans were acquired in list-mode after a routine fractionated treatment session. The list-mode PET data were reconstructed with different time schemes to generate in-room short, in-room long and off-line equivalent (by skipping coincidences from the first 15 min during the list-mode reconstruction) PET images for comparison in activity distribution patterns. A phantom study was followed to evaluate the accuracy of range verification for different reconstruction time schemes quantitatively. The in-room PET has a higher sensitivity compared to the off-line modality so that the PET acquisition time can be greatly reduced from 30 to <5 min. Features in deep-site, soft-tissue regions were better retained with in-room short PET acquisitions because of the collection of 15O component and lower biological washout. For soft tissue-equivalent material, the distal fall-off edge of an in-room short acquisition is deeper compared to an off-line equivalent scan, indicating a better coverage of the high-dose end of the beam. In-room PET is a promising low cost, high sensitivity modality for the in vivo verification of proton therapy. Better accuracy in Monte Carlo predictions, especially for biological decay modeling, is necessary.

  8. Fine-structure-resolution for Rovibrational Excitation of CN Due to H2

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Byrd, Nat; Yang, Benhui H.; Stancil, Phillip C.

    2018-06-01

    Diatomic molecules can be readily excited in interstellar environments exposed to intense UV radiation, such as the inner rim of a protoplanetary disk. Non-thermal populations of excited rovibrational levels can result, for example, following decay from electronically excited states to the electronic ground state. Competition between radiative decay and collisional processes, mostly due to H2, determine the resulting rovibrational emission spectrum. For CN, and other open-shell molecules, the resulting spectrum will be complicated due to fine-structure splitting of the rotational levels. In some cases, fine-structure resolution has been previously computed for rotational transitions in atom- or diatom-diatom collisional processes. Here we present the first fine-structure resolution for vibrational deexcitation for CN colliding with H2. The collisional cross sections were computed using a 6D potential energy surface with a full close-coupling approach. Fine-structure resolution is obtained by adopting an angular momentum recoupling scheme to transform the scattering matrices to a recoupled basis. Here we present low-energy calculations for the v=1 to 0 transition.This work was supported by NASA Grant NNX16AF09G.

  9. On the utility of GPU accelerated high-order methods for unsteady flow simulations: A comparison with industry-standard tools

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vermeire, B. C.; Witherden, F. D.; Vincent, P. E.

    2017-04-01

    First- and second-order accurate numerical methods, implemented for CPUs, underpin the majority of industrial CFD solvers. Whilst this technology has proven very successful at solving steady-state problems via a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes approach, its utility for undertaking scale-resolving simulations of unsteady flows is less clear. High-order methods for unstructured grids and GPU accelerators have been proposed as an enabling technology for unsteady scale-resolving simulations of flow over complex geometries. In this study we systematically compare accuracy and cost of the high-order Flux Reconstruction solver PyFR running on GPUs and the industry-standard solver STAR-CCM+ running on CPUs when applied to a range of unsteady flow problems. Specifically, we perform comparisons of accuracy and cost for isentropic vortex advection (EV), decay of the Taylor-Green vortex (TGV), turbulent flow over a circular cylinder, and turbulent flow over an SD7003 aerofoil. We consider two configurations of STAR-CCM+: a second-order configuration, and a third-order configuration, where the latter was recommended by CD-adapco for more effective computation of unsteady flow problems. Results from both PyFR and STAR-CCM+ demonstrate that third-order schemes can be more accurate than second-order schemes for a given cost e.g. going from second- to third-order, the PyFR simulations of the EV and TGV achieve 75× and 3× error reduction respectively for the same or reduced cost, and STAR-CCM+ simulations of the cylinder recovered wake statistics significantly more accurately for only twice the cost. Moreover, advancing to higher-order schemes on GPUs with PyFR was found to offer even further accuracy vs. cost benefits relative to industry-standard tools.

  10. On the utility of GPU accelerated high-order methods for unsteady flow simulations: A comparison with industry-standard tools

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Vermeire, B.C., E-mail: brian.vermeire@concordia.ca; Witherden, F.D.; Vincent, P.E.

    First- and second-order accurate numerical methods, implemented for CPUs, underpin the majority of industrial CFD solvers. Whilst this technology has proven very successful at solving steady-state problems via a Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes approach, its utility for undertaking scale-resolving simulations of unsteady flows is less clear. High-order methods for unstructured grids and GPU accelerators have been proposed as an enabling technology for unsteady scale-resolving simulations of flow over complex geometries. In this study we systematically compare accuracy and cost of the high-order Flux Reconstruction solver PyFR running on GPUs and the industry-standard solver STAR-CCM+ running on CPUs when applied to amore » range of unsteady flow problems. Specifically, we perform comparisons of accuracy and cost for isentropic vortex advection (EV), decay of the Taylor–Green vortex (TGV), turbulent flow over a circular cylinder, and turbulent flow over an SD7003 aerofoil. We consider two configurations of STAR-CCM+: a second-order configuration, and a third-order configuration, where the latter was recommended by CD-adapco for more effective computation of unsteady flow problems. Results from both PyFR and STAR-CCM+ demonstrate that third-order schemes can be more accurate than second-order schemes for a given cost e.g. going from second- to third-order, the PyFR simulations of the EV and TGV achieve 75× and 3× error reduction respectively for the same or reduced cost, and STAR-CCM+ simulations of the cylinder recovered wake statistics significantly more accurately for only twice the cost. Moreover, advancing to higher-order schemes on GPUs with PyFR was found to offer even further accuracy vs. cost benefits relative to industry-standard tools.« less

  11. Probing the N˜Z line via β decay

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Oinonen, Markku

    1999-11-01

    This contribution reports several beta-decay studies performed at ISOLDE On-line Mass Separator at CERN recently for nuclei close to N=Z line. Beta decay of 58Zn provides a possibility to compare Gamow-Teller strength extracted from complementary beta-decay studies and charge-exchange reactions. Measurement on beta-decay half-life of 70Kr shows importance of experimental information in modelling the path of the astrophysical rp process. Decay of 71Kr is an example of a mirror beta decay and extends the systematics of these particular decays towards highly deformed region close to A=80.

  12. Surface plasmon coupled chemiluminescence during adsorption of oxygen on magnesium surfaces

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hagemann, Ulrich; Nienhaus, Hermann, E-mail: hermann.nienhaus@uni-due.de

    The dissociative adsorption of oxygen molecules on magnesium surfaces represents a non-adiabatic reaction exhibiting exoelectron emission, chemicurrent generation, and weak chemiluminescence. Using thin film Mg/Ag/p-Si(111) Schottky diodes with 1 nm Mg on a 10-60 nm thick Ag layer as 2π-photodetectors, the chemiluminescence is internally detected with a much larger efficiency than external methods. The chemically induced photoyield shows a maximum for a Ag film thickness of 45 nm. The enhancement is explained by surface plasmon coupled chemiluminescence, i.e., surface plasmon polaritons are effectively excited in the Ag layer by the oxidation reaction and decay radiatively leading to the observed photocurrent.more » Model calculations of the maximum absorption in attenuated total reflection geometry support the interpretation. The study demonstrates the extreme sensitivity and the practical usage of internal detection schemes for investigating surface chemiluminescence.« less

  13. Controlling the dynamics of quantum mechanical systems sustaining dipole-forbidden transitions via optical nanoantennas

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Filter, Robert; Mühlig, Stefan; Eichelkraut, Toni; Rockstuhl, Carsten; Lederer, Falk

    2012-07-01

    We suggest to excite dipole-forbidden transitions in quantum mechanical systems by using appropriately designed optical nanoantennas. The antennas are tailored such that their near field contains sufficiently strong contributions of higher-order multipole moments. The strengths of these moments exceed their free-space analogs by several orders of magnitude. The impact of such excitation enhancement is exemplarily investigated by studying the dynamics of a three-level system. It decays upon excitation by an electric quadrupole transition via two electric dipole transitions. Since one dipole transition is assumed to be radiative, the enhancement of this emission serves as a figure of merit. Such self-consistent treatment of excitation, emission, and internal dynamics as developed in this contribution is the key to predict any observable quantity. The suggested scheme may represent a blueprint for future experiments and will find many obvious spectroscopic and sensing applications.

  14. Stability of Contact Lines in Fluids: 2D Stokes Flow

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guo, Yan; Tice, Ian

    2018-02-01

    In an effort to study the stability of contact lines in fluids, we consider the dynamics of an incompressible viscous Stokes fluid evolving in a two-dimensional open-top vessel under the influence of gravity. This is a free boundary problem: the interface between the fluid in the vessel and the air above (modeled by a trivial fluid) is free to move and experiences capillary forces. The three-phase interface where the fluid, air, and solid vessel wall meet is known as a contact point, and the angle formed between the free interface and the vessel is called the contact angle. We consider a model of this problem that allows for fully dynamic contact points and angles. We develop a scheme of a priori estimates for the model, which then allow us to show that for initial data sufficiently close to equilibrium, the model admits global solutions that decay to equilibrium exponentially quickly.

  15. Fission properties of superheavy nuclei for r -process calculations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Giuliani, Samuel A.; Martínez-Pinedo, Gabriel; Robledo, Luis M.

    2018-03-01

    We computed a new set of static fission properties suited for r -process calculations. The potential energy surfaces and collective inertias of 3640 nuclei in the superheavy region are obtained from self-consistent mean-field calculations using the Barcelona-Catania-Paris-Madrid energy density functional. The fission path is computed as a function of the quadrupole moment by minimizing the potential energy and exploring octupole and hexadecapole deformations. The spontaneous fission lifetimes are evaluated employing different schemes for the collective inertias and vibrational energy corrections. This allows us to explore the sensitivity of the lifetimes to those quantities together with the collective ground-state energy along the superheavy landscape. We computed neutron-induced stellar reaction rates relevant for r -process nucleosynthesis using the Hauser-Feshbach statistical approach and study the impact of collective inertias. The competition between different reaction channels including neutron-induced rates, spontaneous fission, and α decay is discussed for typical r -process conditions.

  16. Study of the effect of solar flares on the VLF signal during D layer disappearance time

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Palit, Sourav; Chakrabarti, Sandip Kumar; Ray, Suman

    We have modeled the effect of solar flare on the VLF signal during D layer disappearance time of the lower ionosphere by using the Monte Carlo simulation and a simple chemical scheme We have calculated the electron density profile during the flare using GEANT4 and the chemical model and put it as input to the LWPC to find the VLF amplitude variation due to the flare during the time when the D-layer is disappearing. We have compared the effect on the observed VLF signals with this model. We found that the long decay phase of a solar flare specially during the D-layer disappearance time causes the shifting of the sunset terminator times of VLF signals towards the nighttime. For observation we have taken the data for NWC-IERC propagation path. We have investigated the effect for different classes of flares.

  17. Calculation of Coincidence Summing Correction Factors for an HPGe detector using GEANT4.

    PubMed

    Giubrone, G; Ortiz, J; Gallardo, S; Martorell, S; Bas, M C

    2016-07-01

    The aim of this paper was to calculate the True Coincidence Summing Correction Factors (TSCFs) for an HPGe coaxial detector in order to correct the summing effect as a result of the presence of (88)Y and (60)Co in a multigamma source used to obtain a calibration efficiency curve. Results were obtained for three volumetric sources using the Monte Carlo toolkit, GEANT4. The first part of this paper deals with modeling the detector in order to obtain a simulated full energy peak efficiency curve. A quantitative comparison between the measured and simulated values was made across the entire energy range under study. The True Summing Correction Factors were calculated for (88)Y and (60)Co using the full peak efficiencies obtained with GEANT4. This methodology was subsequently applied to (134)Cs, and presented a complex decay scheme. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Spatial correlation analysis of cascading failures: Congestions and Blackouts

    PubMed Central

    Daqing, Li; Yinan, Jiang; Rui, Kang; Havlin, Shlomo

    2014-01-01

    Cascading failures have become major threats to network robustness due to their potential catastrophic consequences, where local perturbations can induce global propagation of failures. Unlike failures spreading via direct contacts due to structural interdependencies, overload failures usually propagate through collective interactions among system components. Despite the critical need in developing protection or mitigation strategies in networks such as power grids and transportation, the propagation behavior of cascading failures is essentially unknown. Here we find by analyzing our collected data that jams in city traffic and faults in power grid are spatially long-range correlated with correlations decaying slowly with distance. Moreover, we find in the daily traffic, that the correlation length increases dramatically and reaches maximum, when morning or evening rush hour is approaching. Our study can impact all efforts towards improving actively system resilience ranging from evaluation of design schemes, development of protection strategies to implementation of mitigation programs. PMID:24946927

  19. A deep mixing solution to the aluminum and oxygen isotope puzzles in pre-solar grains

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Palmerini, S.; Trippella, O.; Busso, M.

    2017-05-01

    We present here the application of a model for a mass circulation mechanism in between the H-burning shell and the base of the convective envelope of low-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, aimed at studying the isotopic composition of those pre-solar grains showing the most extreme levels of 18O depletion and high concentration of 26Mg from the decay of 26Al. The mixing scheme we present is based on a previously suggested magnetic-buoyancy process, already shown to account adequately for the formation of the main neutron source for slow neutron captures in AGB stars. We find that this scenario is also capable of reproducing for the first time the extreme values of the 17O/16O, 18O/16O, and 26Al/27Al isotopic ratios found in the mentioned oxide grains, including the highest amounts of 26Al measured there.

  20. Automatic NMR field-frequency lock-pulsed phase locked loop approach.

    PubMed

    Kan, S; Gonord, P; Fan, M; Sauzade, M; Courtieu, J

    1978-06-01

    A self-contained deuterium frequency-field lock scheme for a high-resolution NMR spectrometer is described. It is based on phase locked loop techniques in which the free induction decay signal behaves as a voltage-controlled oscillator. By pulsing the spins at an offset frequency of a few hundred hertz and using a digital phase-frequency discriminator this method not only eliminates the usual phase, rf power, offset adjustments needed in conventional lock systems but also possesses the automatic pull-in characteristics that dispense with the use of field sweeps to locate the NMR line prior to closure of the lock loop.

  1. Classification of the line-soliton solutions of KPII

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chakravarty, Sarbarish; Kodama, Yuji

    2008-07-01

    In the previous papers (notably, Kodama Y 2004 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 37 11169-90, Biondini G and Chakravarty S 2006 J. Math. Phys. 47 033514), a large variety of line-soliton solutions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili II (KPII) equation was found. The line-soliton solutions are solitary waves which decay exponentially in the (x, y)-plane except along certain rays. In this paper, it is shown that those solutions are classified by asymptotic information of the solution as |y| → ∞. The present work then unravels some interesting relations between the line-soliton classification scheme and classical results in the theory of permutations.

  2. Multiple core-hole formation by free-electron laser radiation in molecular nitrogen

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Banks, H. I. B.; Little, D. A.; Emmanouilidou, A.

    2018-05-01

    We investigate the formation of multiple-core-hole states of molecular nitrogen interacting with a free-electron laser pulse. In previous work, we obtained bound and continuum molecular orbitals in the single-center expansion scheme and used these orbitals to calculate photo-ionization and auger decay rates. We extend our formulation to track the proportion of the population that accesses single-site versus two-site double-core-hole (TSDCH) states, before the formation of the final atomic ions. We investigate the pulse parameters that favor the formation of the single-site and TSDCH as well as triple-core-hole states for 525 and 1100 eV photons.

  3. Metrological activity determination of 133Ba by sum-peak absolute method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    da Silva, R. L.; de Almeida, M. C. M.; Delgado, J. U.; Poledna, R.; Santos, A.; de Veras, E. V.; Rangel, J.; Trindade, O. L.

    2016-07-01

    The National Laboratory for Metrology of Ionizing Radiation provides gamma sources of radionuclide and standardized in activity with reduced uncertainties. Relative methods require standards to determine the sample activity while the absolute methods, as sum-peak, not. The activity is obtained directly with good accuracy and low uncertainties. 133Ba is used in research laboratories and on calibration of detectors for analysis in different work areas. Classical absolute methods don't calibrate 133Ba due to its complex decay scheme. The sum-peak method using gamma spectrometry with germanium detector standardizes 133Ba samples. Uncertainties lower than 1% to activity results were obtained.

  4. Recoil- α -fission and recoil- α – α -fission events observed in the reaction 48 Ca + 243 Am

    DOE PAGES

    Forsberg, U.; Rudolph, D.; Andersson, L. -L.; ...

    2016-04-26

    A recent high-resolution α, X-ray, and γ-ray coincidence-spectroscopy experiment at GSI offered the first glimpse of excitation schemes of isotopes along α-decay chains of Z=115. To understand these observations and to make predictions about shell structure of superheavy nuclei below 288115, we employed nuclear DFT. We find that the presence and nature of low-energy E1 transitions in well-deformed nuclei around Z=110, N=168 strongly depends on the strength of the spin-orbit coupling; hence, it provides an excellent constraint on theoretical models of superheavy nuclei.

  5. Access to long-term optical memories using photon echoes retrieved from electron spins in semiconductor quantum wells

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Poltavtsev, S. V.; Langer, L.; Yugova, I. A.; Salewski, M.; Kapitonov, Y. V.; Yakovlev, D. R.; Karczewski, G.; Wojtowicz, T.; Akimov, I. A.; Bayer, M.

    2016-10-01

    We use spontaneous (two-pulse) and stimulated (three-pulse) photon echoes for studying the coherent evolution of optically excited ensemble of trions which are localized in semiconductor CdTe/CdMgTe quantum well. Application of transverse magnetic field leads to the Larmor precession of the resident electron spins, which shuffles optically induced polarization between optically accessible and inaccessible states. This results in several spectacular phenomena. First, magnetic field induces oscillations of spontaneous photon echo amplitude. Second, in three-pulse excitation scheme, the photon echo decay is extended by several orders of magnitude. In this study, short-lived optical excitation which is created by the first pulse is coherently transferred into a long-lived electron spin state using the second optical pulse. This coherent spin state of electron ensemble persists much longer than any optical excitation in the system, preserving information on initial optical field, which can be retrieved as a photon echo by means of third optical pulse.

  6. Heterodyne-detected dispersed vibrational echo spectroscopy.

    PubMed

    Jones, Kevin C; Ganim, Ziad; Tokmakoff, Andrei

    2009-12-24

    We develop heterodyned dispersed vibrational echo spectroscopy (HDVE) and demonstrate the new capabilities in biophysical applications. HDVE is a robust ultrafast technique that provides a characterization of the real and imaginary components of third-order nonlinear signals with high sensitivity and single-laser-shot capability and can be used to extract dispersed pump-probe and dispersed vibrational echo spectra. Four methods for acquiring HDVE phase and amplitude spectra were compared: Fourier transform spectral interferometry, a new phase modulation spectral interferometry technique, and combination schemes. These extraction techniques were demonstrated in the context of protein amide I spectroscopy. Experimental HDVE and heterodyned free induction decay amide I spectra were explicitly compared to conventional dispersed pump-probe, dispersed vibrational echo, and absorption spectra. The new capabilities of HDVE were demonstrated by acquiring single-shot spectra and melting curves of ubiquitin and concentration-dependent spectra of insulin suitable for extracting the binding constant for dimerization. The introduced techniques will prove particularly useful in transient experiments, studying irreversible reactions, and micromolar concentration studies of small proteins.

  7. Chiral density wave versus pion condensation at finite density and zero temperature

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Andersen, Jens O.; Kneschke, Patrick

    2018-04-01

    The quark-meson model is often used as a low-energy effective model for QCD to study the chiral transition at finite temperature T , baryon chemical potential μB , and isospin chemical potential μI . We determine the parameters of the model by matching the meson and quark masses, as well as the pion decay constant to their physical values using the on shell (OS) and modified minimal subtraction (MS ¯ ) schemes. In this paper, the existence of different phases at zero temperature is studied. In particular, we investigate the competition between an inhomogeneous chiral condensate and a homogeneous pion condensate. For the inhomogeneity, we use a chiral-density wave ansatz. For a sigma mass of 600 MeV, we find that an inhomogeneous chiral condensate exists only for pion masses below approximately 37 MeV. We also show that due to our parameter fixing, the onset of pion condensation takes place exactly at μIc=1/2 mπ in accordance with exact results.

  8. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Moon, Chang-Bum, E-mail: cbmoon@hoseo.edu

    This paper outlines the new physics possibilities that fall within the field of nuclear structure and astrophysics based on experiments with radioactive ion beams at the future Rare Isotope Beams Accelerator facility in Korea. This ambitious multi-beam facility has both an Isotope Separation On Line (ISOL) and fragmentation capability to produce rare isotopes beams (RIBs) and will be capable of producing and accelerating beams of wide range mass of nuclides with energies of a few to hundreds MeV per nucleon. The large dynamic range of reaccelerated RIBs will allow the optimization in each nuclear reaction case with respect to crossmore » section and channel opening. The low energy RIBs around Coulomb barrier offer nuclear reactions such as elastic resonance scatterings, one or two particle transfers, Coulomb multiple-excitations, fusion-evaporations, and direct capture reactions for the study of the very neutron-rich and proton-rich nuclides. In contrast, the high energy RIBs produced by in-flight fragmentation with reaccelerated ions from the ISOL enable to explore the study of neutron drip lines in intermediate mass regions. The proposed studies aim at investigating the exotic nuclei near and beyond the nucleon drip lines, and to explore how nuclear many-body systems change in such extreme regions by addressing the following topics: the evolution of shell structure in areas of extreme proton to neutron imbalance; the study of the weak interaction in exotic decay schemes such as beta-delayed two-neutron or two-proton emission; the change of isospin symmetry in isobaric mirror nuclei at the drip lines; two protons or two neutrons radioactivity beyond the drip lines; the role of the continuum states including resonant states above the particle-decay threshold in exotic nuclei; and the effects of nuclear reaction rates triggered by the unbound proton-rich nuclei on nuclear astrophysical processes.« less

  9. From Fault-Diagnosis and Performance Recovery of a Controlled System to Chaotic Secure Communication

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hsu, Wen-Teng; Tsai, Jason Sheng-Hong; Guo, Fang-Cheng; Guo, Shu-Mei; Shieh, Leang-San

    Chaotic systems are often applied to encryption on secure communication, but they may not provide high-degree security. In order to improve the security of communication, chaotic systems may need to add other secure signals, but this may cause the system to diverge. In this paper, we redesign a communication scheme that could create secure communication with additional secure signals, and the proposed scheme could keep system convergence. First, we introduce the universal state-space adaptive observer-based fault diagnosis/estimator and the high-performance tracker for the sampled-data linear time-varying system with unanticipated decay factors in actuators/system states. Besides, robustness, convergence in the mean, and tracking ability are given in this paper. A residual generation scheme and a mechanism for auto-tuning switched gain is also presented, so that the introduced methodology is applicable for the fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) for actuator and state faults to yield a high tracking performance recovery. The evolutionary programming-based adaptive observer is then applied to the problem of secure communication. Whenever the tracker induces a large control input which might not conform to the input constraint of some physical systems, the proposed modified linear quadratic optimal tracker (LQT) can effectively restrict the control input within the specified constraint interval, under the acceptable tracking performance. The effectiveness of the proposed design methodology is illustrated through tracking control simulation examples.

  10. Inferring Recent Demography from Isolation by Distance of Long Shared Sequence Blocks

    PubMed Central

    Ringbauer, Harald; Coop, Graham

    2017-01-01

    Recently it has become feasible to detect long blocks of nearly identical sequence shared between pairs of genomes. These identity-by-descent (IBD) blocks are direct traces of recent coalescence events and, as such, contain ample signal to infer recent demography. Here, we examine sharing of such blocks in two-dimensional populations with local migration. Using a diffusion approximation to trace genetic ancestry, we derive analytical formulas for patterns of isolation by distance of IBD blocks, which can also incorporate recent population density changes. We introduce an inference scheme that uses a composite-likelihood approach to fit these formulas. We then extensively evaluate our theory and inference method on a range of scenarios using simulated data. We first validate the diffusion approximation by showing that the theoretical results closely match the simulated block-sharing patterns. We then demonstrate that our inference scheme can accurately and robustly infer dispersal rate and effective density, as well as bounds on recent dynamics of population density. To demonstrate an application, we use our estimation scheme to explore the fit of a diffusion model to Eastern European samples in the Population Reference Sample data set. We show that ancestry diffusing with a rate of σ≈50−−100 km/gen during the last centuries, combined with accelerating population growth, can explain the observed exponential decay of block sharing with increasing pairwise sample distance. PMID:28108588

  11. Comparing Split and Unsplit Numerical Methods for Simulating Low and High Mach Number Turbulent Flows in Xrage

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Saenz, Juan; Grinstein, Fernando; Dolence, Joshua; Rauenzahn, Rick; Masser, Thomas; Francois, Marianne; LANL Team

    2017-11-01

    We report progress in evaluating an unsplit hydrodynamic solver being implemented in the radiation adaptive grid Eulerian (xRAGE) code, and compare to a split scheme. xRage is a Eulerian hydrodynamics code used for implicit large eddy simulations (ILES) of multi-material, multi-physics flows where low and high Mach number (Ma) processes and instabilities interact and co-exist. The hydrodynamic solver in xRAGE uses a directionally split, second order Godunov, finite volume (FV) scheme. However, a standard, unsplit, Godunov-type FV scheme with 2nd and 3rd order reconstruction options, low Ma correction and a variety of Riemann solvers has recently become available. To evaluate the hydrodynamic solvers for turbulent low Ma flows, we use simulations of the Taylor Green Vortex (TGV), where there is a transition to turbulence via vortex stretching and production of small-scale eddies. We also simulate a high-low Ma shock-tube flow, where a shock passing over a perturbed surface generates a baroclinic Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI); after the shock has passed, the turbulence in the accelerated interface region resembles Rayleigh Taylor (RT) instability. We compare turbulence spectra and decay in simulated TGV flows, and we present progress in simulating the high-low Ma RMI-RT flow. LANL is operated by LANS LLC for the U.S. DOE NNSA under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396.

  12. High Count-Rate Study of Two TES X-Ray Microcalorimeters With Different Transition Temperatures

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lee, Sang-Jun; Adams, Joseph S.; Bandler, Simon R.; Betancourt-Martinez, Gabriele L.; Chervenak, James A.; Eckart, Megan E.; Finkbeiner, Fred M.; Kelley, Richard L.; Kilbourne, Caroline A.; Porter, Frederick S.; hide

    2017-01-01

    We have developed transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter arrays with high count-rate capability and high energy resolution to carry out x-ray imaging spectroscopy observations of various astronomical sources and the Sun. We have studied the dependence of the energy resolution and throughput (fraction of processed pulses) on the count rate for such microcalorimeters with two different transition temperatures T(sub c). Devices with both transition temperatures were fabricated within a single microcalorimeter array directly on top of a solid substrate where the thermal conductance of the microcalorimeter is dependent upon the thermal boundary resistance between the TES sensor and the dielectric substrate beneath. Because the thermal boundary resistance is highly temperature dependent, the two types of device with different T(sub c)(sup s) had very different thermal decay times, approximately one order of magnitude different. In our earlier report, we achieved energy resolutions of 1.6 and 2.eV at 6 keV from lower and higher T(sub c) devices, respectively, using a standard analysis method based on optimal filtering in the low flux limit. We have now measured the same devices at elevated x-ray fluxes ranging from 50 Hz to 1000 Hz per pixel. In the high flux limit, however, the standard optimal filtering scheme nearly breaks down because of x-ray pile-up. To achieve the highest possible energy resolution for a fixed throughput, we have developed an analysis scheme based on the socalled event grade method. Using the new analysis scheme, we achieved 5.0 eV FWHM with 96 Percent throughput for 6 keV x-rays of 1025 Hz per pixel with the higher T(sub c) (faster) device, and 5.8 eV FWHM with 97 Percent throughput with the lower T(sub c) (slower) device at 722 Hz.

  13. Nuclear Data on the WWW

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Firestone, Richard B.; Chu, S. Y. Frank; Ekstrom, L. Peter; Wu, Shiu-Chin; Singh, Balraj

    1997-10-01

    The Isotopes Project is developing Internet home pages to provide data for radioactive decay, nuclear structure, nuclear astrophysics, spontaneous fission, thermal neutron capture, and atomic masses. These home pages can be accessed from the Table of Isotopes home page at http://isotopes.lbl.gov/isotopes/toi.html. Data from the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF) is now available on the WWW in Nuclear Data Sheet style tables, complete with comments and hypertext linked footnotes. Bibliographic information from the Nuclear Science Reference (NSR) file can be searched on the WWW by combinations of author, A, Z, reaction, and various keywords. Decay gamma-ray data from several databases can be searched by energy. The Table of Superdeformed Nuclear Bands and Fission Isomers is continously updated. Reaction rates from Hoffman and Woosley and from Thielemann, fission yields from England and Rider, thermal neutron cross-sections from BNL-325, atomic masses from Audi, and skeleton scheme drawings and nuclear charts from the Table of Isotopes are among the information available through these websites. The nuclear data home pages are accessed by over 3500 different users each month.

  14. End-to-end simulation of bunch merging for a muon collider

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bao, Yu; Stratakis, Diktys; Hanson, Gail G.

    2015-05-03

    Muon accelerator beams are commonly produced indirectly through pion decay by interaction of a charged particle beam with a target. Efficient muon capture requires the muons to be first phase-rotated by rf cavities into a train of 21 bunches with much reduced energy spread. Since luminosity is proportional to the square of the number of muons per bunch, it is crucial for a Muon Collider to use relatively few bunches with many muons per bunch. In this paper we will describe a bunch merging scheme that should achieve this goal. We present for the first time a complete end-to-end simulationmore » of a 6D bunch merger for a Muon Collider. The 21 bunches arising from the phase-rotator, after some initial cooling, are merged in longitudinal phase space into seven bunches, which then go through seven paths with different lengths and reach the final collecting "funnel" at the same time. The final single bunch has a transverse and a longitudinal emittance that matches well with the subsequent 6D rectilinear cooling scheme.« less

  15. Nuclear Structure Relevant to Double-beta Decay: Studies of 76Ge and 76Se using Inelastic Neutron Scattering

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Crider, Benjamin P.

    While neutrino oscillations indicate that neutrino flavors mix and that neutrinos have mass, they do not supply information on the absolute mass scale of the three flavors of neutrinos. Currently, the only viable way to determine this mass scale is through the observation of the theoretically predicted process of neutrinoless double-beta decay (0nubetabeta). This yet-to-be-observed decay process is speculated to occur in a handful of nuclei and has predicted half-lives greater than 1025 years. Observation of 0nubetabeta is the goal of several large-scale, multinational efforts and consists of detecting a sharp peak in the summed energies at the Q-value of the reaction. An exceptional candidate for the observation of 0nubetabeta is 76Ge, which offers an excellent combination of capabilities and sensitivities, and two such collaborations, MAJORANA and GERDA, propose tonne-scale experiments that have already begun initial phases using a fraction of the material. The absolute scale of the neutrino masses hinges on a matrix element, which depends on the ground-state wave functions for both the parent (76Ge) and daughter (76Se) nuclei in the 0nubetabeta decay and can only be calculated from nuclear structure models. Efforts to provide information on the applicability of these models have been undertaken at the University of Kentucky Accelerator Laboratory using gamma-ray spectroscopy following inelastic scattering reactions with monoenergetic, accelerator-produced fast neutrons. Information on new energy levels and transitions, spin and parity assignments, lifetimes, multipole mixing ratios, and transition probabilities have been determined for 76Se, the daughter of 76Ge 0nubetabeta, up to 3.0 MeV. Additionally, inaccuracies in the accepted level schemes have been addressed. Observation of 0nubetabeta requires precise knowledge of potential contributors to background within the region of interest, i.e., approximately 2039 keV for 76Ge. In addition to backgrounds resulting from surrounding materials in the experimental setup, 76Ge has a previously observed 3952-keV level with a de-exciting 2040-keV gamma ray. This ray constitutes a potential background for 0nubetabeta searches, if this level is excited. The cross sections for this level and, subsequently, for the 2040-keV gamma ray has been determined in the range from 4 to 5 MeV. KEYWORDS: nuclear structure, inelastic neutron scattering, neutrinoless double-beta decay, shape coexistence.

  16. Decay of Bogoliubov excitations in one-dimensional Bose gases

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ristivojevic, Zoran; Matveev, K. A.

    For this research, we study the decay of Bogoliubov quasiparticles in one-dimensional Bose gases. Starting from the hydrodynamic Hamiltonian, we develop a microscopic theory that enables one to systematically study both the excitations and their decay. At zero temperature, the leading mechanism of decay of a quasiparticle is disintegration into three others. We find that low-energy quasiparticles (phonons) decay with the rate that scales with the seventh power of momentum, whereas the rate of decay of the high-energy quasiparticles does not depend on momentum. In addition, our approach allows us to study analytically the quasiparticle decay in the whole crossovermore » region between the two limiting cases. When applied to integrable models, including the Lieb-Liniger model of bosons with contact repulsion, our theory confirms the absence of the decay of quasiparticle excitations. Finally, we account for two types of integrability-breaking perturbations that enable finite decay: three-body interaction between the bosons and two-body interaction of finite range.« less

  17. Decay of Bogoliubov excitations in one-dimensional Bose gases

    DOE PAGES

    Ristivojevic, Zoran; Matveev, K. A.

    2016-07-11

    For this research, we study the decay of Bogoliubov quasiparticles in one-dimensional Bose gases. Starting from the hydrodynamic Hamiltonian, we develop a microscopic theory that enables one to systematically study both the excitations and their decay. At zero temperature, the leading mechanism of decay of a quasiparticle is disintegration into three others. We find that low-energy quasiparticles (phonons) decay with the rate that scales with the seventh power of momentum, whereas the rate of decay of the high-energy quasiparticles does not depend on momentum. In addition, our approach allows us to study analytically the quasiparticle decay in the whole crossovermore » region between the two limiting cases. When applied to integrable models, including the Lieb-Liniger model of bosons with contact repulsion, our theory confirms the absence of the decay of quasiparticle excitations. Finally, we account for two types of integrability-breaking perturbations that enable finite decay: three-body interaction between the bosons and two-body interaction of finite range.« less

  18. The decay of wood in landfills in contrasting climates in Australia

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ximenes, Fabiano, E-mail: fabiano.ximenes@dpi.nsw.gov.au; Björdal, Charlotte; Cowie, Annette

    Highlights: • We examine decay in wood from landfills in contrasting environments in Australia. • Analysis is based on changes in chemical composition and microscopy. • Climate did not influence levels of decay observed. • Microscopy of retrieved samples revealed most of the decay was aerobic in nature. • Current default factors for wood decay in landfills overestimate methane emissions. - Abstract: Wood products in landfill are commonly assumed to decay within several decades, returning the carbon contained therein to the atmosphere, with about half the carbon released as methane. However, the rate and extent of decay is not wellmore » known, as very few studies have examined the decay of wood products in landfills. This study reports on the findings from landfill excavations conducted in the Australian cities of Sydney and Cairns located in temperate and tropical environments, respectively. The objective of this study was to determine whether burial of the wood in warmer, more tropical conditions in Cairns would result in greater levels of decay than occurs in the temperate environment of Sydney. Wood samples recovered after 16–44 years in landfill were examined through physical, chemical and microscopic analyses, and compared with control samples to determine the carbon loss. There was typically little or no decay in the wood samples analysed from the landfill in Sydney. Although there was significant decay in rainforest wood species excavated from Cairns, decay levels for wood types that were common to both Cairns and Sydney landfills were similar. The current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2006) default decay factor for organic materials in landfills is 50%. In contrast, the carbon loss determined for Pinus radiata recovered from Sydney and Cairns landfills was 7.9% and 4.4%, respectively, and 0% for Agathis sp. This suggests that climate did not influence decay, and that the more extensive levels of decay observed for some wood samples from Cairns indicates that those wood types were more susceptible to biodegradation. Microscopic analyses revealed that most decay patterns observed in samples analysed from Sydney were consistent with aerobic fungal decay. Only a minor portion of the microbial decay was due to erosion bacteria active in anaerobic/near anaerobic environments. The findings of this study strongly suggest that models that adopt current accepted default factors for the decay of wood in landfills greatly overestimate methane emissions.« less

  19. A 4-year assessment of a new water-fluoridation scheme in New South Wales, Australia.

    PubMed

    Blinkhorn, Anthony S; Byun, Roy; Mehta, Pathik; Kay, Meredith

    2015-06-01

    To monitor the changes in dental caries prevalence of 5- to 7-year-old children living in a fluoridated area, a newly fluoridated area and in an area without water fluoridation, in NSW, Australia. Dental caries prevalence was recorded for 5- to 7-year-old children, living in the three study locations, by six trained and calibrated examiners in 2008, 2010 and 2012. A questionnaire recorded demographic data, toothbrushing behaviour and sugary drink consumption. Caries experience was measured using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index for primary teeth, the percentage of children who were caries free and the significant caries index. Univariate analysis was undertaken to determine independent predictors of caries. The caries prevalence changed over time. In 2008, the mean dmft index was 1.40 for the fluoridated area, 2.02 for the area about to fluoridate and 2.09 for the unfluoridated control. By 2012, these mean dmft scores were 0.69, 0.72 and 1.21, respectively. In the two areas where children received fluoridated water, the significant caries index was 2.30 for the fluoridated area and 2.40 for the newly fluoridated area. The significant caries score for children in the unfluoridated location was 3.93. Multivariate analysis showed that over time the differences in dental caries prevalence between the established fluoride area and the newly fluoridated area diminished. However, children in the unfluoridated control area continued to demonstrate significant differences in the mean number of decayed teeth compared with children in the fluoridated comparator sites, and the proportions of children free from decay were significantly higher in the fluoridated areas than in the unfluoridated area. Fluoridation of public water supplies in Gosford and Wyong offers young children better dental health than those children who do not have access to this public health measure. © 2015 FDI World Dental Federation.

  20. Predictions on the modes of decay of odd Z superheavy isotopes within the range 105 ≤ Z ≤ 135

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Santhosh, K. P.; Nithya, C.

    2018-05-01

    The decay modes of 1051 odd Z superheavy nuclei within the range 105 ≤ Z ≤ 135, and their daughter nuclei are studied by comparing the alpha decay half-lives with the spontaneous fission half-lives. The alpha decay half-lives are calculated using the Coulomb and proximity potential model for deformed nuclei (CPPMDN) proposed by Santhosh et al. (2011) and the spontaneous fission half-lives are obtained with the shell-effect dependent formula of Santhosh et al. (Santhosh and Nithya, 2016). For a theoretical comparison, the alpha decay half-lives are also computed with the Coulomb and proximity potential model (CPPM), Viola-Seaborg-Sobiczewski semi-empirical relation (VSS), Universal curve of Poenaru et al. (UNIV), the analytical formula of Royer, and the Universal decay law of Qi et al. (UDL). The predicted decay modes and half-lives were compared with the available experimental results. The proton and neutron separation energies are calculated to identify those nuclei, which decay through proton and neutron emission. From the entire study of odd Z superheavy elements, it is seen that among 1051 nuclei, 233 nuclei exhibit proton emission and 18 nuclei exhibit neutron emission. 56 nuclei are stable against alpha decay with negative Q value for the decay. 92 nuclei show alpha decay followed by spontaneous fission and 9 nuclei show alpha decay followed by proton emission. 39 nuclei decay through full alpha chain and 595 nuclei decay through spontaneous fission. We hope that the study will be very useful for the future experimental investigations in this field.

  1. On Some Parabolic Type Problems from Thin Film Theory and Chemical Reaction-Diffusion Networks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mohamed, Fatma Naser Ali

    This dissertation considers some parabolic type problems from thin film theory and chemical reaction-diffusion networks. The dissertation consists of two parts: In the first part, we study the evolution of a thin film of fluid modeled by the lubrication approximation for thin viscous films. We prove an existence of (dissipative) strong solutions for the Cauchy problem when the sub-diffusive exponent ranges between 3/8 and 2; then we show that these solutions tend to zero at rates matching the decay of the source-type self-similar solutions with zero contact angle. We introduce the weaker concept of dissipative mild solutions and we show that, in this case, the surface-tension energy dissipation is the mechanism responsible for the H1-norm decay to zero of the thickness of the film at an explicit rate. Relaxed problems, with second-order nonlinear terms of porous media type, are also successfully treated by the same means. [special characters omitted]. In the second part, we are concerned with the convergence of a certain space-discretization scheme -the so-called method of lines- for mass-action reaction-diffusion systems. First, we start with a toy model, namely. [special characters omitted]. and prove convergence of method of lines for this linear case. Here weak convergence in L2(0,1) is enough to prove convergence of the method of lines. Then we adopt the framework for convergence analysis introduced in [23] and concentrate on the proof-of-concept reaction. within 1D space, while at the same time noting that our techniques are readily generalizable to other reaction-diffusion networks and to more than one space dimension. Indeed, it will be obvious how to extend our proofs to the multi-dimensional case; we only note that the proof of the comparison principle (the continuous and the discrete versions; see chapter 6) imposes a limitation on the spatial dimension (should be at most five; see [24] for details). The Method of Lines (MOL) is not a mainstream numerical tool and the specialized literature is rather scarce. The method amounts to discretizing evolutionary PDE's in space only, so it produces a semi-discrete numerical scheme which consists of a system of ODE's (in the time variable). To prove convergence of the semi-discrete MOL scheme to the original PDE one needs to perform some more or less traditional analysis: it is necessary to show that the scheme is consistent with the continuous problem and that the discretized version of the spatial differential operator retains sufficient dissipative properties in order to allow an application of Gronwall's Lemma to the error term. As shown in [23], a uniform (in time) consistency estimate is sufficient to obtain convergence; however, the consistency estimate we proved is not uniform for a small time, so we cannot directly employ the results in [23] to prove convergence in our case. Instead, we prove all the required estimates "from the scratch", then we use their exact quantitative form in order to conclude convergence.

  2. Multiple proton decays of 6Be, 8C, 8B(IAS) and excited states in 10C

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sobotka, Lee

    2011-10-01

    Recent technical advances have allowed for high-order correlation experiments to be done. We have primarily focused on experiments in which the final channels are composed of only alphas and protons. Four cases we have studied are: 6Be, 10C*, 8C, and 8B*(IAS) via 3, 4, 5, and 3-particle correlation measurements, respectively. While the first case had been studied before, our work presents very high statistics in the full Jacobi coordinates (the coordinates needed to describe 3-body decay.) Our study of 10C excited states provides isolatable examples of: correlated 2p decay, from one state, and the decay of another which is unusually highly correlated, a ``ménage a quatre.'' 8C decay presents the only case of sequential 3-body 2p decay steps (i.e. 2p-2p.) The intermediate in this 2-step process is the first example (6Be) mentioned above. Unlike the well-studied second step (6Be decay), the first step in this 2p-2p process provides another example of correlated 2p emission. The decay of 8B(IAS), the isobaric analog of 8C, also decays overwhelmingly by 2p emission, in this case to 6Li(IAS). This IAS-to-IAS 2p decay is one for which decay to the potential 1p intermediates is energetically allowed but isospin forbidden. This represents an expansion, over that originally envisioned by Goldanski, of the conceivable nuclear territory for 2p decay.

  3. Asymptotic Time Decay in Quantum Physics: a Selective Review and Some New Results

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Marchetti, Domingos H. U.; Wreszinski, Walter F.

    2013-05-01

    Decay of various quantities (return or survival probability, correlation functions) in time are the basis of a multitude of important and interesting phenomena in quantum physics, ranging from spectral properties, resonances, return and approach to equilibrium, to dynamical stability properties and irreversibility and the "arrow of time" in [Asymptotic Time Decay in Quantum Physics (World Scientific, 2013)]. In this review, we study several types of decay — decay in the average, decay in the Lp-sense, and pointwise decay — of the Fourier-Stieltjes transform of a measure, usually identified with the spectral measure, which appear naturally in different mathematical and physical settings. In particular, decay in the Lp-sense is related both to pointwise decay and to decay in the average and, from a physical standpoint, relates to a rigorous form of the time-energy uncertainty relation. Both decay on the average and in the Lp-sense are related to spectral properties, in particular, absolute continuity of the spectral measure. The study of pointwise decay for singular continuous measures (Rajchman measures) provides a bridge between ergodic theory, number theory and analysis, including the method of stationary phase. The theory is illustrated by some new results in the theory of sparse models.

  4. Multiple band structures in 70Ge

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Haring-Kaye, R. A.; Morrow, S. I.; Döring, J.; Tabor, S. L.; Le, K. Q.; Allegro, P. R. P.; Bender, P. C.; Elder, R. M.; Medina, N. H.; Oliveira, J. R. B.; Tripathi, Vandana

    2018-02-01

    High-spin states in 70Ge were studied using the 55Mn(18O,p 2 n ) fusion-evaporation reaction at a beam energy of 50 MeV. Prompt γ -γ coincidences were measured using the Florida State University Compton-suppressed Ge array consisting of three Clover detectors and seven single-crystal detectors. An investigation of these coincidences resulted in the addition of 31 new transitions and the rearrangement of four others in the 70Ge level scheme, providing a more complete picture of the high-spin decay pattern involving both positive- and negative-parity states with multiple band structures. Spins were assigned based on directional correlation of oriented nuclei ratios, which many times also led to unambiguous parity determinations based on the firm assignments for low-lying states made in previous work. Total Routhian surface calculations, along with the observed trends in the experimental kinematic moment of inertia with rotational frequency, support the multiquasiparticle configurations of the various crossing bands proposed in recent studies. The high-spin excitation spectra predicted by previous shell-model calculations compare favorably with the experimental one determined from this study.

  5. The nuclear structure of 223Fr

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kurcewicz, W.; Løvhøiden, G.; Thorsteinsen, T. F.; Borge, M. J. G.; Burke, D. G.; Cronqvist, M.; Gabelmann, H.; Gietz, H.; Hill, P.; Kaffrell, N.; Naumann, R. A.; Nybø, K.; Nyman, G.; Rogowski, J.; Isolde Collaboration

    1992-03-01

    The γ-rays following the β- decay of 223Rn have been investigated by means of γ-ray singles including multispectrum analysis, and γγ-coincidence measurements using Ge detectors. Multipolarities of 38 transitions in 223Fr have been established by measuring conversion electrons with a mini-orange electron spectrometer. Most of the observed transitions could be placed in a level scheme comprising 53 excited states of 223Fr. The level structure is interpreted in terms of K π = {3}/{2}± and {1}/{2}± parity doublet bands, and a second K π = {3}/{2}± higher-lying parity doublet. The experimental data are compared with the theoretical predictions of the reflection-asymmetric rotor model.

  6. Prompt and delayed spectroscopy of At 203 : Observation of a shears band and a 29 / 2 + isomeric state

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Auranen, K.; Uusitalo, J.; Juutinen, S.

    Using fusion-evaporation reactions, a gas-filled recoil separator, recoil-gating technique and recoil-isomer decay tagging technique we have extended the level scheme of At-203 (N = 118) significantly. We have observed an isomeric [tau = 14.1(3) mu s] state with a spin and parity of 29/2(+). The isomeric state is suggested to originate from the pi(h(9/2)) circle times |Po-202; 11(-)> coupling, and it is depopulated through 286 keV E2 and 366 keV E3 transitions. In addition, we have observed a cascade of magnetic-dipole transitions which is suggested to be generated by the shears mechanism.

  7. Teaching parents to look after children's teeth.

    PubMed

    Lloyd, S

    1994-03-01

    Children's toothpastes with fluoride help to prevent decay, but parents should ask their dentist before giving fluoride supplements to children. Overdosage is harmful. Sugars eaten as part of a meal do less harm to teeth than those eaten frequently as snacks. Sugar-free infant drinks and children's confectionery are now on the market and are more "tooth friendly". Look out for the "happy tooth" symbol. Babies can be registered with NHS dentists as soon as the first teeth start to come through, and should be taken regularly to the dentist throughout childhood. Under the NHS scheme, dentists are paid a capitation fee to provide continuing preventive care and treatment for children free of charge.

  8. Driving many distant atoms into high-fidelity steady state entanglement via Lyapunov control.

    PubMed

    Li, Chuang; Song, Jie; Xia, Yan; Ding, Weiqiang

    2018-01-22

    Based on Lyapunov control theory in closed and open systems, we propose a scheme to generate W state of many distant atoms in the cavity-fiber-cavity system. In the closed system, the W state is generated successfully even when the coupling strength between the cavity and fiber is extremely weak. In the presence of atomic spontaneous emission or cavity and fiber decay, the photon-measurement and quantum feedback approaches are proposed to improve the fidelity, which enable efficient generation of high-fidelity W state in the case of large dissipation. Furthermore, the time-optimal Lyapunov control is investigated to shorten the evolution time and improve the fidelity in open systems.

  9. A comprehensive study of Interatomic Coulombic Decay in argon dimers: Extracting R-dependent absolute decay rates from the experiment

    DOE PAGES

    Rist, J.; Miteva, T.; Gaire, B.; ...

    2016-09-15

    In this paper we present a comprehensive and detailed study of Interatomic Coulombic Decay (ICD) occurring after irradiating argon dimers with XUV-synchrotron radiation. A manifold of different decay channels is observed and the corresponding initial and final states are assigned. Additionally, the effect of nuclear dynamics on the ICD electron spectrum is examined for one specific decay channel. The internuclear distance-dependent width Γ(R) of the decay is obtained from the measured kinetic energy release distribution of the ions employing a classical nuclear dynamics model.

  10. Systematic study on the competition between α-decay and spontaneous fission of superheavy nuclei

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Y. L.; Wang, Y. Z.

    2017-10-01

    The competition between α-decay and spontaneous fission (SF) of Z = 112 isotopes are studied. The α-decay half-lives are estimated by the generalized liquid-drop model (GLDM) and several sets of analytic formulas. These formulas include the Royer formula, Viola-Seaborg semiempirical (VSS) formula and universal decay law (UDL). For the SF, its half-lives are calculated by using the Xu, Ren, Karpov and Santhosh formulas. It is shown that the predicted α-decay half-lives by different approaches are more or less identical. However, the SF half-lives are highly sensitive to models. To test the accuracies of different SF formulas, the half-lives of 56 even-even heavy nuclei are calculated by these formulas. By comparing with the experimental data, it is found that the Xu formula is the most accurate one to reproduce the experimental SF half-lives. This allows us to make a systematic prediction on the competition between α-decay and SF of even-even superheavy nuclei (SHN) with Z = 104- 120 by using the Xu formula and the above mentioned models on α-decay. The calculations suggest that 258,260104, 268-276110, 270-280112, 272-286114, 274-294116, 284-302118 and 292-308120 have smaller α-decay half-lives than those of SF. Thus these nuclei can be synthesized and identified via α-decay in the laboratory. In addition, it is observed that N = 162, 178, 184 and 196 may be the submagic or magic numbers. Finally, an extensive study on the possible α-decay chains for Z = 120 isotopes is performed. It is predicted that six sequential α-decay chains can be observed from 292-296120, four α-decay chains from 298120, three α-decay chains from 300,302120, two α-decay chains from 304,306120, and only one α-decay chain from 308120. These nuclei are the most likely candidates to be synthesized experimentally via α-decay in the near future.

  11. Further Improvement in 3DGRAPE

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Alter, Stephen

    2004-01-01

    3DGRAPE/AL:V2 denotes version 2 of the Three-Dimensional Grids About Anything by Poisson's Equation with Upgrades from Ames and Langley computer program. The preceding version, 3DGRAPE/AL, was described in Improved 3DGRAPE (ARC-14069) NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 21, No. 5 (May 1997), page 66. These programs are so named because they generate volume grids by iteratively solving Poisson's Equation in three dimensions. The grids generated by the various versions of 3DGRAPE have been used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The main novel feature of 3DGRAPE/AL:V2 is the incorporation of an optional scheme in which anisotropic Lagrange-based trans-finite interpolation (ALBTFI) is coupled with exponential decay functions to compute and blend interior source terms. In the input to 3DGRAPE/AL:V2 the user can specify whether or not to invoke ALBTFI in combination with exponential-decay controls, angles, and cell size for controlling the character of grid lines. Of the known programs that solve elliptic partial differential equations for generating grids, 3DGRAPE/AL:V2 is the only code that offers a combination of speed and versatility with most options for controlling the densities and other characteristics of grids for CFD.

  12. Dynamically encircling an exceptional point for asymmetric mode switching.

    PubMed

    Doppler, Jörg; Mailybaev, Alexei A; Böhm, Julian; Kuhl, Ulrich; Girschik, Adrian; Libisch, Florian; Milburn, Thomas J; Rabl, Peter; Moiseyev, Nimrod; Rotter, Stefan

    2016-09-01

    Physical systems with loss or gain have resonant modes that decay or grow exponentially with time. Whenever two such modes coalesce both in their resonant frequency and their rate of decay or growth, an 'exceptional point' occurs, giving rise to fascinating phenomena that defy our physical intuition. Particularly intriguing behaviour is predicted to appear when an exceptional point is encircled sufficiently slowly, such as a state-flip or the accumulation of a geometric phase. The topological structure of exceptional points has been experimentally explored, but a full dynamical encircling of such a point and the associated breakdown of adiabaticity have remained out of reach of measurement. Here we demonstrate that a dynamical encircling of an exceptional point is analogous to the scattering through a two-mode waveguide with suitably designed boundaries and losses. We present experimental results from a corresponding waveguide structure that steers incoming waves around an exceptional point during the transmission process. In this way, mode transitions are induced that transform this device into a robust and asymmetric switch between different waveguide modes. This work will enable the exploration of exceptional point physics in system control and state transfer schemes at the crossroads between fundamental research and practical applications.

  13. Force decay of elastomeric chains - a mechanical design and product comparison study.

    PubMed

    Balhoff, David A; Shuldberg, Matthew; Hagan, Joseph L; Ballard, Richard W; Armbruster, Paul C

    2011-03-01

    To evaluate the percentage force decay of elastomeric chain products utilizing three different design mechanisms simulating canine retraction; and to evaluate the percentage force decay of elastomeric chain products from four different companies. In vitro, laboratory study. LSUHSC Dental School, New Orleans, LA, USA. Closed (non-spaced), grey elastomeric chains from four companies were selected for the study. Three acrylic resin jigs were constructed to provide a framework for three simulated space closure mechanisms. The 6-5-3, the chain loop, and the 6-3 were the configuration mechanisms used in the study. An electronic force gauge was used to measure the percentage force decay associated with each elastomeric chain over 28 days at preselected times. There was a significant difference in the mean percentage force decay for the three different mechanisms (P < 0·001). For all four companies, the 6-3 mechanical design had the smallest mean percentage force decay. There was a significant difference in the mean percentage force decay for the different companies (P < 0·001). For all three mechanisms, Ormco had the smallest percentage force decay while Unitek had the highest percentage force decay. The significant difference in the mean percentage force decay for the different mechanisms suggests that the 6-3 design is a more efficient means of closing extraction spaces utilizing elastomeric chains.

  14. Electroweak penguins at LHCb

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    He, Jibo; LHCb Collaboration

    2016-04-01

    Electroweak penguin decays are flavour-changing neutral current processes, and are highly suppressed in the Standard Model. They can only proceed via loop diagrams. Such decays may receive contributions from New Physics and change their decay behaviours like decay rate and angular distribution. Studying the properties of these decays thus provides a powerful method to probe for New Physics. In this contribution the most recent LHCb results on electroweak penguin decays are reported.

  15. Multicomponent T2 relaxation studies of the avian egg.

    PubMed

    Mitsouras, Dimitris; Mulkern, Robert V; Maier, Stephan E

    2016-05-01

    To investigate the tissue-like multiexponential T2 signal decays in avian eggs. Transverse relaxation studies of raw, soft-boiled and hard-boiled eggs were performed at 3 Tesla using a three-dimensional Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill imaging sequence. Signal decays over a TE range of 11 to 354 ms were fitted assuming single- and multicomponent signal decays with up to three separately decaying components. Fat saturation was used to facilitate spectral assignment of observed decay components. Egg white, yolk and the centrally located latebra all demonstrate nonmonoexponential T2 decays. Specifically, egg white exhibits two-component decays with intermediate and long T2 times. Meanwhile, yolk and latebra are generally best characterized with triexponential decays, with short, intermediate and very long T2 decay times. Fat saturation revealed that the intermediate component of yolk could be attributed to lipids. Cooking of the egg profoundly altered the decay curves. Avian egg T2 decay curves cover a wide range of decay times. Observed T2 components in yolk and latebra as short as 10 ms, may prove valuable for testing clinical sequences designed to measure short T2 components, such as myelin-associated water in the brain. Thus we propose that the egg can be a versatile and widely available MR transverse relaxation phantom. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  16. Search for a high-mass Higgs boson decaying to a W boson pair in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Aad, G.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.

    A search for a high-mass Higgs boson H is performed in the H→WW→ℓνℓν and H→WW→ℓνqq decay channels, using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb -1, collected at √s = 8 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No evidence of a high-mass Higgs boson is found. Limits on σ H×BR(H→WW) as a function of the Higgs boson mass mH are determined in three different scenarios: one in which the heavy Higgs boson has a narrow width compared to the experimental resolution, one a width increasing with the boson mass and modeled bymore » the complex-pole scheme following the same behavior as in the Standard Model, and one for intermediate widths. The upper range of the search is m H=1500 GeV for the narrow-width scenario and m H=1000 GeV for the other two scenarios. The lower edge of the search range is 200-300 GeV and depends on the analysis channel and search scenario. For each scenario, individual and combined limits from the two WW decay channels are presented. At mH=1500 GeV, the highest mass point tested, σ H∙BR(H→WW) for a narrow-width Higgs boson is constrained to be less than 22 fb and 6.6 fb at the 95% CL for the gluon fusion and vector-boson fusion production modes, respectively.« less

  17. Decaying relevance of clinical data towards future decisions in data-driven inpatient clinical order sets.

    PubMed

    Chen, Jonathan H; Alagappan, Muthuraman; Goldstein, Mary K; Asch, Steven M; Altman, Russ B

    2017-06-01

    Determine how varying longitudinal historical training data can impact prediction of future clinical decisions. Estimate the "decay rate" of clinical data source relevance. We trained a clinical order recommender system, analogous to Netflix or Amazon's "Customers who bought A also bought B..." product recommenders, based on a tertiary academic hospital's structured electronic health record data. We used this system to predict future (2013) admission orders based on different subsets of historical training data (2009 through 2012), relative to existing human-authored order sets. Predicting future (2013) inpatient orders is more accurate with models trained on just one month of recent (2012) data than with 12 months of older (2009) data (ROC AUC 0.91 vs. 0.88, precision 27% vs. 22%, recall 52% vs. 43%, all P<10 -10 ). Algorithmically learned models from even the older (2009) data was still more effective than existing human-authored order sets (ROC AUC 0.81, precision 16% recall 35%). Training with more longitudinal data (2009-2012) was no better than using only the most recent (2012) data, unless applying a decaying weighting scheme with a "half-life" of data relevance about 4 months. Clinical practice patterns (automatically) learned from electronic health record data can vary substantially across years. Gold standards for clinical decision support are elusive moving targets, reinforcing the need for automated methods that can adapt to evolving information. Prioritizing small amounts of recent data is more effective than using larger amounts of older data towards future clinical predictions. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. Investigation of Inconsistent ENDF/B-VII.1 Independent and Cumulative Fission Product Yields with Proposed Revisions

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pigni, M.T., E-mail: pignimt@ornl.gov; Francis, M.W.; Gauld, I.C.

    A recent implementation of ENDF/B-VII.1 independent fission product yields and nuclear decay data identified inconsistencies in the data caused by the use of updated nuclear schemes in the decay sub-library that are not reflected in legacy fission product yield data. Recent changes in the decay data sub-library, particularly the delayed neutron branching fractions, result in calculated fission product concentrations that do not agree with the cumulative fission yields in the library as well as with experimental measurements. To address these issues, a comprehensive set of independent fission product yields was generated for thermal and fission spectrum neutron-induced fission for {supmore » 235,238}U and {sup 239,241}Pu in order to provide a preliminary assessment of the updated fission product yield data consistency. These updated independent fission product yields were utilized in the ORIGEN code to compare the calculated fission product inventories with experimentally measured inventories, with particular attention given to the noble gases. Another important outcome of this work is the development of fission product yield covariance data necessary for fission product uncertainty quantification. The evaluation methodology combines a sequential Bayesian method to guarantee consistency between independent and cumulative yields along with the physical constraints on the independent yields. This work was motivated to improve the performance of the ENDF/B-VII.1 library for stable and long-lived fission products. The revised fission product yields and the new covariance data are proposed as a revision to the fission yield data currently in ENDF/B-VII.1.« less

  19. The Dualized Standard Model and its Applications — AN Interim Report

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chan, Hong-Mo; Tsou, Sheung Tsun

    Based on a non-Abelian generalization of electric-magnetic duality, the Dualized Standard Model (DSM) suggests a natural explanation for exactly three generations of fermions as the "dual colour" widetilde SU (3) symmetry broken in a particular manner. The resulting scheme then offers on the one hand a fermion mass hierarchy and a perturbative method for calculating the mass and mixing parameters of the Standard Model fermions, and on the other hand testable predictions for new phenomena ranging from rare meson decays to ultra-high energy cosmic rays. Calculations to one-loop order gives, at the cost of adjusting only three real parameters, values for the following quantities all (except one) in very good agreement with experiment: the quark CKM matrix elements dvbr Vrsdvbr , the lepton CKM matrix elements dvbr Ursdvbr, and the second generation masses mc, ms, mμ. This means, in particular, that it gives near maximal mixing Uμ3 between νμ and ντ as observed by SuperKamiokande, Kamiokande and Soudan, while keeping small the corresponding quark angles Vcb, Vts. In addition, the scheme gives (i) rough order-of-magnitude estimates for the masses of the lowest generation, (ii) predictions for low energy FCNC effects such as KL→ eμ, and (iii) a possible explanation for the long-standing puzzle of air showers beyond the GZK cut-off. All these together, however, still represent but a portion of the possible physical consequences derivable from the DSM scheme, the majority of which are yet to be explored.

  20. Regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA decay

    PubMed Central

    Schoenberg, Daniel R.; Maquat, Lynne E.

    2012-01-01

    Discoveries made over the past 20 years highlight the importance of mRNA decay as a means to modulate gene expression and thereby protein production. Up until recently, studies focused largely on identifying cis-acting sequences that serve as mRNA stability or instability elements, the proteins that bind these elements, how the process of translation influences mRNA decay, and the ribonucleases that catalyze decay. Now, current studies have begun to elucidate how the decay process is regulated. This review examines our current understanding of how mammalian-cell mRNA decay is controlled by different signaling pathways and lays out a framework for future research. PMID:22392217

  1. β-decay properties in the Cs decay chain

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Benzoni, G.; Lică, R.; Borge, M. J. G.; Fraile, L. M.; IDS Collaboration

    2018-02-01

    The study of the decay of neutron-rich Cs isotopes has two main objectives: on one side β decay is a perfect tool to access the low-spin structures in the daughter Ba nuclei, where the evolution of octupole deformed shapes can be followed, while, on the other hand, the study of the gross properties of these decays, in terms of decay rates and branching to delayed-neutron emission, are fundamental inputs for the modelling of the r-process in the Rare-Earth Elements peak. Results obtained at CERN-ISOLDE are discussed within this framework and compared to existing data and predictions from state-of-the-art nuclear models.

  2. Statistical Study of Rapid Penumbral Decay Associated with Flares

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, W.; Liu, C.; Wang, H.

    2005-05-01

    We present results of statistical study of rapid penumbral decay associated with flares. In total, we investigated 402 events from 05/09/98 to 07/17/04, including 40 X-class, 173 M-class and 189 C-class flares. We show strong evidence that penumbral segments decayed rapidly and permanently right after many flares. The rapid changes, which can be identified in the time profiles of white-light(WL) mean intensity are permanent, not transient, thus are not due to flare emissions. Our study shows that penumbral decay is more likely to be detected when associated with large solar flares. The larger the flare magnitude, the stronger the penumbral decay is. For X-class flares, almost 50% events show distinct decay. But for M- and C-class flares, this percentage drops to 16% and 10%, respectively. For all the events that clear decay can be observed, we find that the locations of penumbral decay are associated with flare emissions and are connected by prominent TRACE post-flare loops. To explain these observations, we propose a reconnection picture in that the penumbral fields change from a highly inclined to a more vertical configuration, leading to penumbral decay.

  3. Photons coming from an opaque obstacle as a manifestation of heavy neutrino decays

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Reynoso, Matías M.; Romero, Ismael; Sampayo, Oscar A.

    2018-05-01

    Within the framework of physics beyond the standard model, we study the possibility that mesons produced in the atmosphere by the cosmic-ray flux decay to heavy Majorana neutrinos and the latter, in turn, decay mostly to photons in the low-mass region. We study the photon flux produced by sterile Majorana neutrinos (N ) decaying after passing through a massive and opaque object such as a mountain. To model the production of N 's in the atmosphere and their decay to photons, we consider the interaction between the Majorana neutrinos and the standard matter as modeled by an effective theory. We then calculate the heavy neutrino flux originated by the decay of mesons in the atmosphere. The surviving photon flux, originated by N decays, is calculated using transport equations that include the effects of Majorana neutrino production and decay.

  4. Mobility and fluorescence of barium ions in xenon gas for the exo experiment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Benitez Medina, Julio Cesar

    The Enriched Xenon Observatory (EXO) is an experiment which aims to observe the neutrinoless double beta decay of 136Xe. The measurement of this decay would give information about the absolute neutrino mass and whether or not the neutrino is its own antiparticle. Since this is a very rare decay, the ability to reject background events by detecting the barium ion daughter from the double beta decay would be a major advantage. EXO is currently operating a detector with 200 kg of enriched liquid xenon, and there are plans to build a ton scale xenon detector. Measurements of the purity of liquid xenon in our liquid xenon test cell are reported. These results are relevant to the research on detection of single barium ions by our research group at Colorado State University. Details of the operation of the purity monitor are described. The effects of using a purifier, recirculation and laser ablation on the purity of liquid xenon are discussed. Mobility measurements of barium in xenon gas are reported for the first time. The variation of mobility with xenon gas pressure suggests that a significant fraction of molecular ions are formed when barium ions interact with xenon gas at high pressures. The measured mobility of Ba+ in Xe gas at different pressures is compared with the predicted theoretical value, and deviations are explained by a model that describes the fraction of molecular ions in Xe gas as a function of pressure. The results are useful for the analysis of experiments of fluorescence of Ba+ in xenon gas. It is also important to know the mobility of the ions in order to calculate the time they interact with an excitation laser in fluorescence experiments and in proposed 136 Ba+ daughter detection schemes. This thesis presents results of detection of laser induced fluorescence of Ba+ ions in Xe gas. Measurements of the pressure broadening of the excitation spectra of Ba+ in xenon gas are presented. Nonradiative decays due to gas collisions and optical pumping affect the number of fluorescence counts detected. A model that treats the barium ion as a three level system is used to predict the total number of fluorescence counts and correct for optical pumping. A pressure broadening coefficient for Ba+ in xenon gas is extracted and limits for p-d and d-s nonradiative decay rates are extracted. Although fluorescence is reduced significantly at 5-10 atm xenon pressure, the measurements in this thesis indicate that it is still feasible to detect 136Ba+ ions directly in high pressure xenon gas, e.g. in a double beta decay detector.

  5. Study of the hadronic decays of [chi][sub c] states

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bai, J.Z.; Bian, J.G.; Chen, G.P.

    1999-10-01

    Hadronic decays of the [ital P]-wave spin-triplet charmonium states [chi][sub cJ](J=0,1,2) are studied using a sample of [psi](2S) decays collected by the BES detector operating at the BEPC storage ring. Branching fractions for the decays [chi][sub c1][r arrow]K[sub S][sup 0]K[sup +][pi][sup [minus

  6. Five New Wood Decay Fungi (Polyporales and Hymenochaetales) in Korea.

    PubMed

    Kim, Nam Kyu; Park, Jae Young; Park, Myung Soo; Lee, Hyun; Cho, Hae Jin; Eimes, John A; Kim, Changmu; Lim, Young Woon

    2016-09-01

    The wood decay fungi are a diverse taxonomic group that plays a pivotal role in forest carbon cycling. Wood decay fungi use various enzymatic pathways to digest dead or living wood in order to obtain carbon and other nutrients and these enzymatic systems have been exploited for both industrial and medical applications. Over 600 wood decay fungi species have been described in Korea; however, the recent application of molecular markers has dramatically altered the taxonomy of many of these wood decay fungi at both the genus and species levels. By combining molecular methods, specifically sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region, with traditional morphological characters, this study identified five new species records for Korea in five genera: Aurantiporus , Favolus , Neofavolus , Loweomyces , and Hymenochaetopsis . Three of these genera ( Aurantiporus , Favolus , and Loweomyces ) were previously unknown in Korea. The relatively simple morphology of the wood decay fungi often leads to ambiguous taxonomic assignment. Therefore, molecular markers are a necessary component of any taxonomic or evolutionary study of wood decay fungi. Our study highlights the need for a more robust and multifaceted approach in investigating new wood decay fungi in Korea.

  7. Light Meson Decays at BESIII

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fang, Shuangshi

    2017-04-01

    At present the world's largest sample of 1.3 billion J/ψ events was accumulated at the BESIII detector, which offers a unique place to study light meson decays. The recent results on the light meson decays are reviewed in this talk. An emphasis is put on the significant progresses on the study of η/η' decays, including Dalitz plot analysis of η/η' → πππ, observation of new decay modes (η' → π+π-π+(0)π-(0), η' → ρ±π∓, η' → γe+e- and η' → e+e-ω), study of η' → γπ+π- and search for the rare decay of η' → Kπ. In addition, a prospect on the Dalitz plot analysis of ω → π+π-π0 is presented.

  8. Transition point prediction in a multicomponent lattice Boltzmann model: Forcing scheme dependencies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Küllmer, Knut; Krämer, Andreas; Joppich, Wolfgang; Reith, Dirk; Foysi, Holger

    2018-02-01

    Pseudopotential-based lattice Boltzmann models are widely used for numerical simulations of multiphase flows. In the special case of multicomponent systems, the overall dynamics are characterized by the conservation equations for mass and momentum as well as an additional advection diffusion equation for each component. In the present study, we investigate how the latter is affected by the forcing scheme, i.e., by the way the underlying interparticle forces are incorporated into the lattice Boltzmann equation. By comparing two model formulations for pure multicomponent systems, namely the standard model [X. Shan and G. D. Doolen, J. Stat. Phys. 81, 379 (1995), 10.1007/BF02179985] and the explicit forcing model [M. L. Porter et al., Phys. Rev. E 86, 036701 (2012), 10.1103/PhysRevE.86.036701], we reveal that the diffusion characteristics drastically change. We derive a generalized, potential function-dependent expression for the transition point from the miscible to the immiscible regime and demonstrate that it is shifted between the models. The theoretical predictions for both the transition point and the mutual diffusion coefficient are validated in simulations of static droplets and decaying sinusoidal concentration waves, respectively. To show the universality of our analysis, two common and one new potential function are investigated. As the shift in the diffusion characteristics directly affects the interfacial properties, we additionally show that phenomena related to the interfacial tension such as the modeling of contact angles are influenced as well.

  9. Alpha decay studies on Po isotopes using different versions of nuclear potentials

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Santhosh, K. P.; Sukumaran, Indu

    2017-12-01

    The alpha decays from 186-224Po isotopes have been studied using 25 different versions of nuclear potentials so as to select a suitable nuclear potential for alpha decay studies. The computed standard deviation of the calculated half-lives in comparison with the experimental data suggested that proximity 2003-I is the apt form of nuclear potential for alpha decay studies as it possesses the least standard deviation, σ =0.620 . Among the different proximity potentials, proximity 1966 ( σ =0.630 and proximity 1977 ( σ =0.636 , are also found to work well in alpha decay studies with low deviation. Among other versions of nuclear potentials (other than proximity potentials), Bass 1980 is suggested to be a significant form of nuclear potential because of its good predictive power. However, while the other forms of potentials are able to reproduce the experimental data to some extent, these potentials cannot be considered as apposite potentials for alpha decay studies in their present form. Since the experimental correlation of the models is noticed to be satisfying, the alpha decay half-lives of certain Po isotopes that are not detected experimentally yet have been predicted.

  10. Decay patterns of brick wall in atmospheric environment: a possible analogue to rock weathering?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Prikryl, Richard; Weishauptová, Zuzana; Přikrylová, Jiřina; Jablonský, Jakub

    2015-04-01

    This study is focused on the decay of bricks exposed in enclosing wall of the Regional maternal hospital in Prague city centre (Czech Republic). The hospital, listed as a Czech architectural monument, has been constructed from locally produced bricks in neo-Gothic style in the period of 1867-1875. The bricks of the enclosing wall show sequence of decay patterns that resemble weathering forms observable on monuments built of natural stone. This study aims to study the observed decay patterns by means of in situ mapping and by analyses of decayed material (optical microscopy, SEM/EDS, X-ray diffraction, Hg-porosimetry, water soluble salts analysis) and to interpret them based on the phase composition and other properties of bricks. Finally, the decay patterns of studied brick wall are compared to known weathering sequences on porous rocks (both on natural outcrops and on artistic monuments).

  11. Decay heat uncertainty for BWR used fuel due to modeling and nuclear data uncertainties

    DOE PAGES

    Ilas, Germina; Liljenfeldt, Henrik

    2017-05-19

    Characterization of the energy released from radionuclide decay in nuclear fuel discharged from reactors is essential for the design, safety, and licensing analyses of used nuclear fuel storage, transportation, and repository systems. There are a limited number of decay heat measurements available for commercial used fuel applications. Because decay heat measurements can be expensive or impractical for covering the multitude of existing fuel designs, operating conditions, and specific application purposes, decay heat estimation relies heavily on computer code prediction. Uncertainty evaluation for calculated decay heat is an important aspect when assessing code prediction and a key factor supporting decision makingmore » for used fuel applications. While previous studies have largely focused on uncertainties in code predictions due to nuclear data uncertainties, this study discusses uncertainties in calculated decay heat due to uncertainties in assembly modeling parameters as well as in nuclear data. Capabilities in the SCALE nuclear analysis code system were used to quantify the effect on calculated decay heat of uncertainties in nuclear data and selected manufacturing and operation parameters for a typical boiling water reactor (BWR) fuel assembly. Furthermore, the BWR fuel assembly used as the reference case for this study was selected from a set of assemblies for which high-quality decay heat measurements are available, to assess the significance of the results through comparison with calculated and measured decay heat data.« less

  12. Decay heat uncertainty for BWR used fuel due to modeling and nuclear data uncertainties

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ilas, Germina; Liljenfeldt, Henrik

    Characterization of the energy released from radionuclide decay in nuclear fuel discharged from reactors is essential for the design, safety, and licensing analyses of used nuclear fuel storage, transportation, and repository systems. There are a limited number of decay heat measurements available for commercial used fuel applications. Because decay heat measurements can be expensive or impractical for covering the multitude of existing fuel designs, operating conditions, and specific application purposes, decay heat estimation relies heavily on computer code prediction. Uncertainty evaluation for calculated decay heat is an important aspect when assessing code prediction and a key factor supporting decision makingmore » for used fuel applications. While previous studies have largely focused on uncertainties in code predictions due to nuclear data uncertainties, this study discusses uncertainties in calculated decay heat due to uncertainties in assembly modeling parameters as well as in nuclear data. Capabilities in the SCALE nuclear analysis code system were used to quantify the effect on calculated decay heat of uncertainties in nuclear data and selected manufacturing and operation parameters for a typical boiling water reactor (BWR) fuel assembly. Furthermore, the BWR fuel assembly used as the reference case for this study was selected from a set of assemblies for which high-quality decay heat measurements are available, to assess the significance of the results through comparison with calculated and measured decay heat data.« less

  13. Isotopic effects in vibrational relaxation dynamics of H on a Si(100) surface

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bouakline, F.; Lorenz, U.; Melani, G.; Paramonov, G. K.; Saalfrank, P.

    2017-10-01

    In a recent paper [U. Lorenz and P. Saalfrank, Chem. Phys. 482, 69 (2017)], we proposed a robust scheme to set up a system-bath model Hamiltonian, describing the coupling of adsorbate vibrations (system) to surface phonons (bath), from first principles. The method is based on an embedded cluster approach, using orthogonal coordinates for system and bath modes, and an anharmonic phononic expansion of the system-bath interaction up to second order. In this contribution, we use this model Hamiltonian to calculate vibrational relaxation rates of H-Si and D-Si bending modes, coupled to a fully H(D)-covered Si(100)-( 2 × 1 ) surface, at zero temperature. The D-Si bending mode has an anharmonic frequency lying inside the bath frequency spectrum, whereas the H-Si bending mode frequency is outside the bath Debye band. Therefore, in the present calculations, we only take into account one-phonon system-bath couplings for the D-Si system and both one- and two-phonon interaction terms in the case of H-Si. The computation of vibrational lifetimes is performed with two different approaches, namely, Fermi's golden rule, and a generalized Bixon-Jortner model built in a restricted vibrational space of the adsorbate-surface zeroth-order Hamiltonian. For D-Si, the Bixon-Jortner Hamiltonian can be solved by exact diagonalization, serving as a benchmark, whereas for H-Si, an iterative scheme based on the recursive residue generation method is applied, with excellent convergence properties. We found that the lifetimes obtained with perturbation theory, albeit having almost the same order of magnitude—a few hundred fs for D-Si and a couple of ps for H-Si—, are strongly dependent on the discretized numerical representation of the bath spectral density. On the other hand, the Bixon-Jortner model is free of such numerical deficiencies, therefore providing better estimates of vibrational relaxation rates, at a very low computational cost. The results obtained with this model clearly show a net exponential decay of the time-dependent survival probability for the H-Si initial vibrational state, allowing an easy extraction of the bending mode "lifetime." This is in contrast with the D-Si system, whose survival probability exhibits a non-monotonic decay, making it difficult to define such a lifetime. This different behavior of the vibrational decay is rationalized in terms of the power spectrum of the adsorbate-surface system. In the case of D-Si, it consists of several, non-uniformly distributed peaks around the bending mode frequency, whereas the H-Si spectrum exhibits a single Lorentzian lineshape, whose width corresponds to the calculated lifetime. The present work gives some insight into mechanisms of vibration-phonon coupling at surfaces. It also serves as a benchmark for multidimensional system-bath quantum dynamics, for comparison with approximate schemes such as reduced, open-system density matrix theory (where the bath is traced out and a Liouville-von Neumann equation is solved) or approximate wavefunction methods to solve the combined system-bath Schrödinger equation.

  14. Multi-Component T2 Relaxation Studies of the Avian Egg

    PubMed Central

    Mitsouras, Dimitris; Mulkern, Robert V.; Maier, Stephan E.

    2015-01-01

    Purpose To investigate the tissue-like multiexponential T2 signal decays in avian eggs. Methods Transverse relaxation studies of raw, soft-boiled and hard-boiled eggs were performed at 3 Tesla using a 3D Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) imaging sequence. Signal decays over a TE range of 11 to 354 ms were fitted assuming single- and multi-component signal decays with up to three separately decaying components. Fat saturation was used to facilitate spectral assignment of observed decay components. Results Egg white, yolk and the centrally located latebra all demonstrate nonmonoexponential T2 decays. Specifically, egg white exhibits two-component decays with intermediate and long T2 times. Meanwhile, yolk and latebra are generally best characterized with triexponential decays, with short, intermediate and very long T2 decay times. Fat saturation revealed that the intermediate component of yolk could be attributed to lipids. Cooking of the egg profoundly altered the decay curves. Conclusion Avian egg T2 decay curves cover a wide range of decay times. Observed T2 components in yolk and latebra as short as 10 ms, may prove valuable for testing clinical sequences designed to measure short T2 components, such as myelin-associated water in the brain. Thus we propose that the egg can be a versatile and widely available MR transverse relaxation phantom. PMID:26037128

  15. Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals and Their Lifetimes in PM2.5

    PubMed Central

    Gehling, William; Dellinger, Barry

    2015-01-01

    For the first time, an expansive study into the concentration and extended decay behavior of environmentally persistent free radicals in PM2.5 was performed. Results from this study revealed three types of radical decay—a fast decay, slow decay, and no decay—following one of four decay patterns: a relatively fast decay exhibiting a 1/e lifetime of 1–21 days accompanied by a slow decay with a 1/e lifetime of 21–5028 days (47% of samples); a single slow decay including a 1/e lifetime of 4–2083 days (24% of samples); no decay (18% of samples); and a relatively fast decay displaying an average 1/e lifetime of 0.25–21 days followed by no decay (11% of samples). Phenol correlated well with the initial radical concentration and fast decay rate. Other correlations for common atmospheric pollutants (ozone, NOx, SO2, etc.) as well as meteorological conditions suggested photochemical processes impact the initial radical concentration and fast decay rate. The radical signal in PM2.5 was remarkably similar to semiquinones in cigarette smoke. Accordingly, radicals inhaled from PM2.5 were related to the radicals inhaled from smoking cigarettes, expressed as the number of equivalent cigarettes smoked. This calculated to 0.4–0.9 cigarettes per day for nonextreme air quality in the United States. PMID:23844657

  16. D meson hadronic decays at CLEO-c

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Fan

    The CLEO-c experiment is the best arena in which to study most D meson decay phenomena. Precise measurements of hadronic deecays of D mesons allow us to better constrain parameters of the Standard Model. We study the inclusive decays of D+s mesons, using data collected near the D*+sD-s peak production energy Ecm = 4170 MeV by the CLEO-c detector. We report the inclusive yields of D+s decays to K+X, K-X, K0SX , pi+X, pi-X, pi 0X, etaX, eta'X , φX, oX and f0(980)X, and also decays into pairs of kaons, D+s → KK¯X. Using these measurements, we obtain an overview of D+s decays. The measurements of inclusive decays of D+s mesons indicate that the inclusive o yield, Ds → oX, is substantial. Using the same D*+sD-s data sample, we search for D+s exclusive hadronic decays involving o. We report the first observation of D+s → pi+pi0o decay and first upper limits on D+s → pi+etao, D+s → K+pi0o, D+s → K+o, and D+s → K+etao decays. Our measurement of D+s → pi+o decay is consistent with other experiments. Using the data collected on psi(3770) resonance and near the D*+sD-s peak production energy by the CLEO-c detector, we study the decays of charmed mesons D0, D +, and Ds to pairs of light pseudoscalar mesons P. We report branching fractions of Cabibbo-favored, singly-Cabibbo-suppressed, and doubly-Cabibbo-suppressed decays. We normalize against the Cabibbo-favored D modes, D 0 → K-pi+, D+ → K-pi +pi+, and D+s → K+ K0S. These measurements of D → PP decays allow the testing of flavor symmetry and the extraction of key amplitudes.

  17. Quench protection studies of the 11-T Nb 3Sn dipole for the LHC upgrade

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo; Auchmann, Bernhard; Bajas, Hugues

    The planned upgrade of the LHC collimation system foresees additional collimators to be installed in the dispersion suppressor areas. Fermilab and CERN are developing an 11 T Nb 3Sn dipole to replace some 8.33 T-15-m-long Nb-Ti LHC main dipoles providing longitudinal space for the collimators. In case of a quench, the large stored energy and the low copper stabilizer fraction make the protection of the 11 T Nb 3Sn dipoles challenging. This paper presents the results of quench protection analysis, including quench protection heater design and efficiency, quench propagation and coil heating. The numerical results are compared with the experimentalmore » data from the 2-m-long Nb 3Sn dipole models. Here, the validated model is used to predict the current decay and hot spot temperature under operating conditions in the LHC and the presently foreseen magnet protection scheme is discussed.« less

  18. Wastewater disinfection by peracetic acid: assessment of models for tracking residual measurements and inactivation.

    PubMed

    Santoro, Domenico; Gehr, Ronald; Bartrand, Timothy A; Liberti, Lorenzo; Notarnicola, Michele; Dell'Erba, Adele; Falsanisi, Dario; Haas, Charles N

    2007-07-01

    With its potential for low (if any) disinfection byproduct formation and easy retrofit for chlorine contactors, peracetic acid (PAA) or use of PAA in combination with other disinfectant technologies may be an attractive alternative to chlorine-based disinfection. Examples of systems that might benefit from use of PAA are water reuse schemes or plants discharging to sensitive receiving water bodies. Though PAA is in use in numerous wastewater treatment plants in Europe, its chemical kinetics, microbial inactivation rates, and mode of action against microorganisms are not thoroughly understood. This paper presents results from experimental studies of PAA demand, PAA decay, and microbial inactivation, with a complementary modeling analysis. Model results are used to evaluate techniques for measurement of PAA concentration and to develop hypotheses regarding the mode of action of PAA in bacterial inactivation. Kinetic and microbial inactivation rate data were collected for typical wastewaters and may be useful for engineers in evaluating whether to convert from chlorine to PAA disinfection.

  19. H2/O2 three-body rates at high temperatures

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Marinelli, William J.; Kessler, William J.; Carleton, Karen L.

    1991-01-01

    Hydrogen atoms are produced in the presence of excess O2, and the first-order decay are studied as a function of temperature and pressure in order to obtain the rate coefficient for the three-body reaction between H-atoms and O2. Attention is focused on the kinetic scheme employed as well as the reaction cell and photolysis and probe laser system. A two-photon laser-induced fluorescence technique is employed to detect H-atoms without optical-thickness or O2-absorption problems. Results confirm measurements reported previously for the H + O2 + N2 reaction at 300 K and extend these measurements to higher temperatures. Preliminary data indicate non-Arrehenius-type behavior of this reaction rate coefficient as a function of temperature. Measurements of the rate coefficient for H + O2 + Ar reaction at 300 K give a rate coefficient of 2.1 +/- 0.1 x 10 to the -32nd cm exp 6/molecule sec.

  20. Quench protection studies of the 11-T Nb 3Sn dipole for the LHC upgrade

    DOE PAGES

    Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo; Auchmann, Bernhard; Bajas, Hugues; ...

    2016-06-01

    The planned upgrade of the LHC collimation system foresees additional collimators to be installed in the dispersion suppressor areas. Fermilab and CERN are developing an 11 T Nb 3Sn dipole to replace some 8.33 T-15-m-long Nb-Ti LHC main dipoles providing longitudinal space for the collimators. In case of a quench, the large stored energy and the low copper stabilizer fraction make the protection of the 11 T Nb 3Sn dipoles challenging. This paper presents the results of quench protection analysis, including quench protection heater design and efficiency, quench propagation and coil heating. The numerical results are compared with the experimentalmore » data from the 2-m-long Nb 3Sn dipole models. Here, the validated model is used to predict the current decay and hot spot temperature under operating conditions in the LHC and the presently foreseen magnet protection scheme is discussed.« less

  1. An investigation of implicit turbulence modeling for laminar-turbulent transition in natural convection

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Chunggang; Tsubokura, Makoto; Wang, Weihsiang

    2017-11-01

    The automatic dissipation adjustment (ADA) model based on truncated Navier-Stokes equations is utilized to investigate the feasibility of using implicit large eddy simulation (ILES) with ADA model on the transition in natural convection. Due to the high Rayleigh number coming from the larger temperature difference (300K), Roe scheme modified for low Mach numbers coordinating ADA model is used to resolve the complicated flow field. Based on the qualitative agreement of the comparisons with DNS and experimental results and the capability of numerically predicating a -3 decay law for the temporal power spectrum of the temperature fluctuation, this study thus validates the feasibility of ILES with ADA model on turbulent natural convection. With the advantages of ease of implementation because no explicit modeling terms are needed and nearly free of tuning parameters, ADA model offers to become a promising tool for turbulent thermal convection. Part of the results is obtained using the K computer at the RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science (Proposal number hp160232).

  2. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 231

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Browne, E.; Tuli, J.K.

    Spectroscopic data for all nuclei with mass number A=231 have been evaluated, and the corresponding level schemes from radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented. Highlights of this evaluation include: A new interpretation of γ–ray spectroscopic results measured with the GAMMASPHERE spectrometer (2002AbZV, 2000JaZY, 1999Br17) has established the level structure of the ground state rotational band 1/2[400] up to spin/parity 45/2+ in {sup 231}Ac. Precise measurements of energies and cross sections of scattered tritons from the {sup 232}Th(d,t) reaction has produced or confirmed the identification of several rotational bands in {sup 231}Th. The alpha hindrance factors (HF) presented in thismore » evaluation were calculated using values of the radius parameter (r{sub 0}) interpolated from those for even–even adjacent nuclei given in 1998Ak04. The Limitation of Relative Statistical Weight (LWM) method (1985ZiZY) has been used for discrepant data throughout this evaluation.« less

  3. Verification of nonlinear particle simulation of radio frequency waves in fusion plasmas

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kuley, Animesh; Bao, Jian; Lin, Zhihong

    2015-11-01

    Nonlinear global particle simulation model has been developed in GTC to study the nonlinear interactions of radio frequency (RF) waves with plasmas in tokamak. In this model, ions are considered as fully kinetic particles using the Vlasov equation and electrons are treated as guiding centers using the drift kinetic. Boris push scheme for the ion motion has been implemented in the toroidal geometry using magnetic coordinates and successfully verified for the ion cyclotron, ion Bernstein and lower hybrid waves. The nonlinear GTC simulation of the lower hybrid wave shows that the amplitude of the electrostatic potential is oscillatory due to the trapping of resonant electrons by the electric field of the lower hybrid wave. The nonresonant parametric decay is observed an IBW sideband and an ion cyclotron quasimode (ICQM). The ICQM induces an ion perpendicular heating with a heating rate proportional to the pump wave intensity. This work is supported by PPPL subcontract number S013849-F and US Department of Energy (DOE) SciDAC GSEP Program.

  4. In Search of Decay in Verbal Short-Term Memory

    PubMed Central

    Berman, Marc G.; Jonides, John; Lewis, Richard L.

    2014-01-01

    Is forgetting in the short term due to decay with the mere passage of time, interference from other memoranda, or both? Past research on short-term memory has revealed some evidence for decay and a plethora of evidence showing that short-term memory is worsened by interference. However, none of these studies has directly contrasted decay and interference in short-term memory in a task that rules out the use of rehearsal processes. In this article the authors present a series of studies using a novel paradigm to address this problem directly, by interrogating the operation of decay and interference in short-term memory without rehearsal confounds. The results of these studies indicate that short-term memories are subject to very small decay effects with the mere passage of time but that interference plays a much larger role in their degradation. The authors discuss the implications of these results for existing models of memory decay and interference. PMID:19271849

  5. In search of decay in verbal short-term memory.

    PubMed

    Berman, Marc G; Jonides, John; Lewis, Richard L

    2009-03-01

    Is forgetting in the short term due to decay with the mere passage of time, interference from other memoranda, or both? Past research on short-term memory has revealed some evidence for decay and a plethora of evidence showing that short-term memory is worsened by interference. However, none of these studies has directly contrasted decay and interference in short-term memory in a task that rules out the use of rehearsal processes. In this article the authors present a series of studies using a novel paradigm to address this problem directly, by interrogating the operation of decay and interference in short-term memory without rehearsal confounds. The results of these studies indicate that short-term memories are subject to very small decay effects with the mere passage of time but that interference plays a much larger role in their degradation. The authors discuss the implications of these results for existing models of memory decay and interference. (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved

  6. Viriato: a Fourier-Hermite spectral code for strongly magnetised fluid-kinetic plasma dynamics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Loureiro, Nuno; Dorland, William; Fazendeiro, Luis; Kanekar, Anjor; Mallet, Alfred; Zocco, Alessandro

    2015-11-01

    We report on the algorithms and numerical methods used in Viriato, a novel fluid-kinetic code that solves two distinct sets of equations: (i) the Kinetic Reduced Electron Heating Model equations [Zocco & Schekochihin, 2011] and (ii) the kinetic reduced MHD (KRMHD) equations [Schekochihin et al., 2009]. Two main applications of these equations are magnetised (Alfvnénic) plasma turbulence and magnetic reconnection. Viriato uses operator splitting to separate the dynamics parallel and perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field (assumed strong). Along the magnetic field, Viriato allows for either a second-order accurate MacCormack method or, for higher accuracy, a spectral-like scheme. Perpendicular to the field Viriato is pseudo-spectral, and the time integration is performed by means of an iterative predictor-corrector scheme. In addition, a distinctive feature of Viriato is its spectral representation of the parallel velocity-space dependence, achieved by means of a Hermite representation of the perturbed distribution function. A series of linear and nonlinear benchmarks and tests are presented, with focus on 3D decaying kinetic turbulence. Work partially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia via Grants UID/FIS/50010/2013 and IF/00530/2013.

  7. ALARA: The next link in a chain of activation codes

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wilson, P.P.H.; Henderson, D.L.

    1996-12-31

    The Adaptive Laplace and Analytic Radioactivity Analysis [ALARA] code has been developed as the next link in the chain of DKR radioactivity codes. Its methods address the criticisms of DKR while retaining its best features. While DKR ignored loops in the transmutation/decay scheme to preserve the exactness of the mathematical solution, ALARA incorporates new computational approaches without jeopardizing the most important features of DKR`s physical modelling and mathematical methods. The physical model uses `straightened-loop, linear chains` to achieve the same accuracy in the loop solutions as is demanded in the rest of the scheme. In cases where a chain hasmore » no loops, the exact DKR solution is used. Otherwise, ALARA adaptively chooses between a direct Laplace inversion technique and a Laplace expansion inversion technique to optimize the accuracy and speed of the solution. All of these methods result in matrix solutions which allow the fastest and most accurate solution of exact pulsing histories. Since the entire history is solved for each chain as it is created, ALARA achieves the optimum combination of high accuracy, high speed and low memory usage. 8 refs., 2 figs.« less

  8. Oxidation of clofibric acid in aqueous solution using a non-thermal plasma discharge or gamma radiation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Madureira, Joana; Ceriani, Elisa; Pinhão, Nuno; Marotta, Ester; Melo, Rita; Cabo Verde, Sandra; Paradisi, Cristina; Margaça, Fernanda M. A.

    2017-11-01

    In this work, we study degradation of clofibric acid (CFA) in aqueous solution using either ionizing radiation from a $^{60}$Co source or a non-thermal plasma produced by discharges in the air above the solution. The results obtained with the two technologies are compared in terms of effectiveness of CFA degradation and its by-products. In both cases the CFA degradation follows a quasi-exponential decay in time well modelled by a kinetic scheme which considers the competition between CFA and all reaction intermediates for the reactive species generated in solution as well as the amount of the end product formed. A new degradation law is deduced to explain the results. Although the end-product CO$_2$ was detected and the CFA conversion found to be very high under the studied conditions, HPLC analysis reveals several degradation intermediates still bearing the aromatic ring with the chlorine substituent. The extent of mineralization is rather limited. The energy yield is found to be higher in the gamma radiation experiments.

  9. Oxidation of clofibric acid in aqueous solution using a non-thermal plasma discharge or gamma radiation.

    PubMed

    Madureira, Joana; Ceriani, Elisa; Pinhão, Nuno; Marotta, Ester; Melo, Rita; Cabo Verde, Sandra; Paradisi, Cristina; Margaça, Fernanda M A

    2017-11-01

    In this work, we study degradation of clofibric acid (CFA) in aqueous solution using either ionizing radiation from a 60 Co source or a non-thermal plasma produced by discharges in the air above the solution. The results obtained with the two technologies are compared in terms of effectiveness of CFA degradation and its by-products. In both cases the CFA degradation follows a quasi-exponential decay in time well modelled by a kinetic scheme which considers the competition between CFA and all reaction intermediates for the reactive species generated in solution as well as the amount of the end product formed. A new degradation law is deduced to explain the results. Although the end-product CO 2 was detected and the CFA conversion found to be very high under the studied conditions, HPLC analysis reveals several degradation intermediates still bearing the aromatic ring with the chlorine substituent. The extent of mineralization is rather limited. The energy yield is found to be higher in the gamma radiation experiments. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. One-dimensional nonlinear instability study of a slightly viscoelastic, perfectly conducting liquid jet under a radial electric field

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Fang; Yin, Xie-Yuan; Yin, Xie-Zhen

    2016-05-01

    A one-dimensional electrified viscoelastic model is built to study the nonlinear behavior of a slightly viscoelastic, perfectly conducting liquid jet under a radial electric field. The equations are solved numerically using an implicit finite difference scheme together with a boundary element method. The electrified viscoelastic jet is found to evolve into a beads-on-string structure in the presence of the radial electric field. Although the radial electric field greatly enhances the linear instability of the jet, its influence on the decay of the filament thickness is limited during the nonlinear evolution of the jet. On the other hand, the radial electric field induces axial non-uniformity of the first normal stress difference within the filament. The first normal stress difference in the center region of the filament may be greatly decreased by the radial electric field. The regions with/without satellite droplets are illuminated on the χ (the electrical Bond number)-k (the dimensionless wave number) plane. Satellite droplets may be formed for larger wave numbers at larger radial electric fields.

  11. Study of Analytic Statistical Model for Decay of Light and Medium Mass Nuclei in Nuclear Fragmentation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Cucinotta, Francis A.; Wilson, John W.

    1996-01-01

    The angular momentum independent statistical decay model is often applied using a Monte-Carlo simulation to describe the decay of prefragment nuclei in heavy ion reactions. This paper presents an analytical approach to the decay problem of nuclei with mass number less than 60, which is important for galactic cosmic ray (GCR) studies. This decay problem of nuclei with mass number less than 60 incorporates well-known levels of the lightest nuclei (A less than 11) to improve convergence and accuracy. A sensitivity study of the model level density function is used to determine the impact on mass and charge distributions in nuclear fragmentation. This angular momentum independent statistical decay model also describes the momentum and energy distribution of emitted particles (n, p, d, t, h, and a) from a prefragment nucleus.

  12. Analysis of operator splitting errors for near-limit flame simulations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lu, Zhen; Zhou, Hua; Li, Shan; Ren, Zhuyin; Lu, Tianfeng; Law, Chung K.

    2017-04-01

    High-fidelity simulations of ignition, extinction and oscillatory combustion processes are of practical interest in a broad range of combustion applications. Splitting schemes, widely employed in reactive flow simulations, could fail for stiff reaction-diffusion systems exhibiting near-limit flame phenomena. The present work first employs a model perfectly stirred reactor (PSR) problem with an Arrhenius reaction term and a linear mixing term to study the effects of splitting errors on the near-limit combustion phenomena. Analysis shows that the errors induced by decoupling of the fractional steps may result in unphysical extinction or ignition. The analysis is then extended to the prediction of ignition, extinction and oscillatory combustion in unsteady PSRs of various fuel/air mixtures with a 9-species detailed mechanism for hydrogen oxidation and an 88-species skeletal mechanism for n-heptane oxidation, together with a Jacobian-based analysis for the time scales. The tested schemes include the Strang splitting, the balanced splitting, and a newly developed semi-implicit midpoint method. Results show that the semi-implicit midpoint method can accurately reproduce the dynamics of the near-limit flame phenomena and it is second-order accurate over a wide range of time step size. For the extinction and ignition processes, both the balanced splitting and midpoint method can yield accurate predictions, whereas the Strang splitting can lead to significant shifts on the ignition/extinction processes or even unphysical results. With an enriched H radical source in the inflow stream, a delay of the ignition process and the deviation on the equilibrium temperature are observed for the Strang splitting. On the contrary, the midpoint method that solves reaction and diffusion together matches the fully implicit accurate solution. The balanced splitting predicts the temperature rise correctly but with an over-predicted peak. For the sustainable and decaying oscillatory combustion from cool flames, both the Strang splitting and the midpoint method can successfully capture the dynamic behavior, whereas the balanced splitting scheme results in significant errors.

  13. Analysis of operator splitting errors for near-limit flame simulations

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lu, Zhen; Zhou, Hua; Li, Shan

    High-fidelity simulations of ignition, extinction and oscillatory combustion processes are of practical interest in a broad range of combustion applications. Splitting schemes, widely employed in reactive flow simulations, could fail for stiff reaction–diffusion systems exhibiting near-limit flame phenomena. The present work first employs a model perfectly stirred reactor (PSR) problem with an Arrhenius reaction term and a linear mixing term to study the effects of splitting errors on the near-limit combustion phenomena. Analysis shows that the errors induced by decoupling of the fractional steps may result in unphysical extinction or ignition. The analysis is then extended to the prediction ofmore » ignition, extinction and oscillatory combustion in unsteady PSRs of various fuel/air mixtures with a 9-species detailed mechanism for hydrogen oxidation and an 88-species skeletal mechanism for n-heptane oxidation, together with a Jacobian-based analysis for the time scales. The tested schemes include the Strang splitting, the balanced splitting, and a newly developed semi-implicit midpoint method. Results show that the semi-implicit midpoint method can accurately reproduce the dynamics of the near-limit flame phenomena and it is second-order accurate over a wide range of time step size. For the extinction and ignition processes, both the balanced splitting and midpoint method can yield accurate predictions, whereas the Strang splitting can lead to significant shifts on the ignition/extinction processes or even unphysical results. With an enriched H radical source in the inflow stream, a delay of the ignition process and the deviation on the equilibrium temperature are observed for the Strang splitting. On the contrary, the midpoint method that solves reaction and diffusion together matches the fully implicit accurate solution. The balanced splitting predicts the temperature rise correctly but with an over-predicted peak. For the sustainable and decaying oscillatory combustion from cool flames, both the Strang splitting and the midpoint method can successfully capture the dynamic behavior, whereas the balanced splitting scheme results in significant errors.« less

  14. Influence of Variation in Physical and Chemical Properties of Southern Red Oak Lumber on Decay Resistance

    Treesearch

    E. Richard Toole; W. N. Darwin

    1970-01-01

    Although differences in decay resistance of the heartwood of various oak species have long been recognized, the effect of changes in physical and chemical wood properties on this decay resistance have not been well defined. Scheffer et al (5) studied the decay resistance of seven native oaks. They found that, within the species of the red oak group studied, there were...

  15. Accelerated detection of brown-rot decay : comparison of soil block test, chemical analysis, mechanical properties, and immunodetection

    Treesearch

    C. A. Clausen; S. N. Kartal

    2003-01-01

    Early detection of wood decay is critical because decay fungi can cause rapid structural failure. The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity of different methods purported to detect brown-rot decay in the early stages of development. The immunodiagnostic wood decay (IWD)test, soil block test/cake pan test, mechanical property tests, and chemical...

  16. Dissipation-based entanglement via quantum Zeno dynamics and Rydberg antiblockade

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shao, X. Q.; Wu, J. H.; Yi, X. X.

    2017-06-01

    A scheme is proposed for dissipative generation of maximally entanglement between two Rydberg atoms in the context of cavity QED. The spontaneous emission of atoms combined with quantum Zeno dynamics and the Rydberg antiblockade guarantees a unique steady solution of the master equation of the system, which just corresponds to the antisymmetric Bell state |S > . The convergence rate can be accelerated by the ground-state blockade mechanism of Rydberg atoms. Meanwhile the effect of cavity decay is suppressed by the Zeno requirement, leading to a steady-state fidelity about 90 % as the single-atom cooperativity parameter C ≡g2/(κ γ ) =10 , and this restriction is further relaxed to C =5.2 once the quantum-jump-based feedback control is exploited.

  17. Neutrino Masses, Cosmological Bound and Four Zero Yukawa Textures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Adhikary, Biswajit; Ghosal, Ambar; Roy, Probir

    Four zero neutrino Yukawa textures in a specified weak basis, combined with μτ symmetry and type-I seesaw, yield a highly constrained and predictive scheme. Two alternately viable 3×3 light neutrino Majorana mass matrices mνA/mνB result with inverted/normal mass ordering. Neutrino masses, Majorana in character and predicted within definite ranges with laboratory and cosmological inputs, will have their sum probed cosmologically. The rate for 0νββ decay, though generally below the reach of planned experiments, could approach it in some parameter region. Departure from μτ symmetry due to RG evolution from a high scale and consequent CP violation, with a Jarlskog invariant whose magnitude could almost reach 6×10-3, are explored.

  18. Deterministic transfer of an unknown qutrit state assisted by the low-Q microwave resonators

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, Tong; Zhang, Yang; Yu, Chang-Shui; Zhang, Wei-Ning

    2017-05-01

    Qutrits (i.e., three-level quantum systems) can be used to achieve many quantum information and communication tasks due to their large Hilbert spaces. In this work, we propose a scheme to transfer an unknown quantum state between two flux qutrits coupled to two superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators. The quantum state transfer can be deterministically achieved without measurements. Because resonator photons are virtually excited during the operation time, the decoherences caused by the resonator decay and the unwanted inter-resonator crosstalk are greatly suppressed. Moreover, our approach can be adapted to other solid-state qutrits coupled to circuit resonators. Numerical simulations show that the high-fidelity transfer of quantum state between the two qutrits is feasible with current circuit QED technology.

  19. High accuracy position response calibration method for a micro-channel plate ion detector

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hong, R.; Leredde, A.; Bagdasarova, Y.; Fléchard, X.; García, A.; Müller, P.; Knecht, A.; Liénard, E.; Kossin, M.; Sternberg, M. G.; Swanson, H. E.; Zumwalt, D. W.

    2016-11-01

    We have developed a position response calibration method for a micro-channel plate (MCP) detector with a delay-line anode position readout scheme. Using an in situ calibration mask, an accuracy of 8 μm and a resolution of 85 μm (FWHM) have been achieved for MeV-scale α particles and ions with energies of ∼10 keV. At this level of accuracy, the difference between the MCP position responses to high-energy α particles and low-energy ions is significant. The improved performance of the MCP detector can find applications in many fields of AMO and nuclear physics. In our case, it helps reducing systematic uncertainties in a high-precision nuclear β-decay experiment.

  20. Characterization of the hyperfine interaction of the excited D50 state of Eu3 +:Y2SiO5

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cruzeiro, Emmanuel Zambrini; Etesse, Jean; Tiranov, Alexey; Bourdel, Pierre-Antoine; Fröwis, Florian; Goldner, Philippe; Gisin, Nicolas; Afzelius, Mikael

    2018-03-01

    We characterize the europium (Eu3 +) hyperfine interaction of the excited state (D50) and determine its effective spin Hamiltonian parameters for the Zeeman and quadrupole tensors. An optical free induction decay method is used to measure all hyperfine splittings under a weak external magnetic field (up to 10 mT) for various field orientations. On the basis of the determined Hamiltonian, we discuss the possibility to predict optical transition probabilities between hyperfine levels for the F70⟷D50 transition. The obtained results provide necessary information to realize an optical quantum memory scheme which utilizes long spin coherence properties of 3 + 151Eu :Y2SiO5 material under external magnetic fields.

  1. Five New Wood Decay Fungi (Polyporales and Hymenochaetales) in Korea

    PubMed Central

    Kim, Nam Kyu; Park, Jae Young; Park, Myung Soo; Lee, Hyun; Cho, Hae Jin; Eimes, John A.; Kim, Changmu

    2016-01-01

    The wood decay fungi are a diverse taxonomic group that plays a pivotal role in forest carbon cycling. Wood decay fungi use various enzymatic pathways to digest dead or living wood in order to obtain carbon and other nutrients and these enzymatic systems have been exploited for both industrial and medical applications. Over 600 wood decay fungi species have been described in Korea; however, the recent application of molecular markers has dramatically altered the taxonomy of many of these wood decay fungi at both the genus and species levels. By combining molecular methods, specifically sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region, with traditional morphological characters, this study identified five new species records for Korea in five genera: Aurantiporus, Favolus, Neofavolus, Loweomyces, and Hymenochaetopsis. Three of these genera (Aurantiporus, Favolus, and Loweomyces) were previously unknown in Korea. The relatively simple morphology of the wood decay fungi often leads to ambiguous taxonomic assignment. Therefore, molecular markers are a necessary component of any taxonomic or evolutionary study of wood decay fungi. Our study highlights the need for a more robust and multifaceted approach in investigating new wood decay fungi in Korea. PMID:27790065

  2. Alpha-decay chains of superheavy nuclei 292-296118

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Singh, U. K.; Kumawat, M.; Saxena, G.; Kaushik, M.; Jain, S. K.

    2018-05-01

    We have employed relativistic mean-field plus BCS (RMF+BCS) approach for the study of even-even superheavy nuclei with Z = 118 which is the last and recent observed element in the periodic chart so far. Our study includes binding energies, Qα values, alpha-decay half-lives and spontaneous decay half-lives along with comparison of available experimental data and the results of FRDM calculations. We find an excellent match with the only known decay chain of 294118 for Z = 118 so far and predict decay chain of 292118 and 296118 in consistency with known experimental decay chains and FRDM results. These results may provide a very helpful insight to conduct experiments for realizing the presence of nuclei with Z = 118.

  3. Orographic Modification of Precipitation Processes in a Tropical Cyclone Moving over a Continental Mountain Range

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    DeHart, Jennifer C.

    Airborne radar reflectivity data and numerical simulations are examined to determine how tropical cyclone precipitation processes are impacted by landfall over a continental mountain range. Analysis of the high-resolution radar data collected within Hurricane Karl (2010) during the Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) shows that radar reflectivity enhancement in regions of upslope flow is constrained to low-levels. Reflectivity enhancement is not uniform and discrete regions of enhanced precipitation are embedded within a broad echo. In conjunction with an upstream dropsonde that exhibits weak instability, the radar data suggest a mix of gentle ascent and shallow convection occur. Regions of downslope flow are characterized by precipitation originating further aloft with little modification near low levels. Satellite data further indicate that deep convection develops after the high clouds dissipate, indicating that the evolving thermodynamic environment favors orographic modification processes beyond collection of orographically-generated cloud water. Numerical simulations examine how modification processes controlling precipitation are affected by the height of an idealized plateau. When terrain is minimal, the tropical cyclone decays slowly, the upper-level warm core remains robust, the moist neutral environment persists, and precipitation processes are largely concentrated within the eyewall and rainband. Movement over a tall topographic barrier induces rapid decay, which erodes the warm core and moist neutral environment. A mix of forced ascent and buoyant motions contribute to enhanced warm rain processes over the terrain. Overall, all microphysical quantities are greater for the tall plateau storm, but concentrations within the innermost core decay rapidly along with the storm. It is shown that the simulated tropical cyclone precipitation is heavily influenced by overestimated graupel production, which is a common problem of microphysical schemes. Surface precipitation is comparable between the two experiments, suggesting that strong decay of the storm affects the upper limit of precipitation. Similar precipitation patterns between the observations and tall plateau simulation suggest that the model obtains realistic precipitation through incorrect microphysical processes, but a lack of microphysical observations prevent full assessment of that hypothesis. Overall, this dissertation demonstrates that decay due to landfall over complex terrain affects the inner core thermodynamic and kinematic environment, which in turn affects the type and organization of precipitation processes that occur.

  4. Minimal gain marching schemes: searching for unstable steady-states with unsteady solvers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    de S. Teixeira, Renan; S. de B. Alves, Leonardo

    2017-12-01

    Reference solutions are important in several applications. They are used as base states in linear stability analyses as well as initial conditions and reference states for sponge zones in numerical simulations, just to name a few examples. Their accuracy is also paramount in both fields, leading to more reliable analyses and efficient simulations, respectively. Hence, steady-states usually make the best reference solutions. Unfortunately, standard marching schemes utilized for accurate unsteady simulations almost never reach steady-states of unstable flows. Steady governing equations could be solved instead, by employing Newton-type methods often coupled with continuation techniques. However, such iterative approaches do require large computational resources and very good initial guesses to converge. These difficulties motivated the development of a technique known as selective frequency damping (SFD) (Åkervik et al. in Phys Fluids 18(6):068102, 2006). It adds a source term to the unsteady governing equations that filters out the unstable frequencies, allowing a steady-state to be reached. This approach does not require a good initial condition and works well for self-excited flows, where a single nonzero excitation frequency is selected by either absolute or global instability mechanisms. On the other hand, it seems unable to damp stationary disturbances. Furthermore, flows with a broad unstable frequency spectrum might require the use of multiple filters, which delays convergence significantly. Both scenarios appear in convectively, absolutely or globally unstable flows. An alternative approach is proposed in the present paper. It modifies the coefficients of a marching scheme in such a way that makes the absolute value of its linear gain smaller than one within the required unstable frequency spectra, allowing the respective disturbance amplitudes to decay given enough time. These ideas are applied here to implicit multi-step schemes. A few chosen test cases shows that they enable convergence toward solutions that are unstable to stationary and oscillatory disturbances, with either a single or multiple frequency content. Finally, comparisons with SFD are also performed, showing significant reduction in computer cost for complex flows by using the implicit multi-step MGM schemes.

  5. A Classification Scheme for Glaciological AVA Responses

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Booth, A.; Emir, E.

    2014-12-01

    A classification scheme is proposed for amplitude vs. angle (AVA) responses as an aid to the interpretation of seismic reflectivity in glaciological research campaigns. AVA responses are a powerful tool in characterising the material properties of glacier ice and its substrate. However, before interpreting AVA data, careful true amplitude processing is required to constrain basal reflectivity and compensate amplitude decay mechanisms, including anelastic attenuation and spherical divergence. These fundamental processing steps can be difficult to design in cases of noisy data, e.g. where a target reflection is contaminated by surface wave energy (in the case of shallow glaciers) or by energy reflected from out of the survey plane. AVA methods have equally powerful usage in estimating the fluid fill of potential hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, such applications seldom use true amplitude data and instead consider qualitative AVA responses using a well-defined classification scheme. Such schemes are often defined in terms of the characteristics of best-fit responses to the observed reflectivity, e.g. the intercept (I) and gradient (G) of a linear approximation to the AVA data. The position of the response on a cross-plot of I and G then offers a diagnostic attribute for certain fluid types. We investigate the advantages in glaciology of emulating this practice, and develop a cross-plot based on the 3-term Shuey AVA approximation (using I, G, and a curvature term C). Model AVA curves define a clear lithification trend: AVA responses to stiff (lithified) substrates fall discretely into one quadrant of the cross-plot, with positive I and negative G, whereas those to fluid-rich substrates plot diagonally opposite (in the negative I and positive G quadrant). The remaining quadrants are unoccupied by plausible single-layer responses and may therefore be diagnostic of complex thin-layer reflectivity, and the magnitude and polarity of the C term serves as a further indicator of fluid content. The use of the AVA cross-plot is explored for seismic data from European Arctic glaciers, including Storglaciären and Midtre Lovénbreen, with additional examples from other published sources. The classification scheme should provide a useful reference for the initial assessment of a glaciological AVA response.

  6. New precision measurements of free neutron beta decay with cold neutrons

    DOE PAGES

    Baeßler, Stefan; Bowman, James David; Penttilä, Seppo I.; ...

    2014-10-14

    Precision measurements in free neutron beta decay serve to determine the coupling constants of beta decay, and offer several stringent tests of the standard model. This study describes the free neutron beta decay program planned for the Fundamental Physics Beamline at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and finally puts it into the context of other recent and planned measurements of neutron beta decay observables.

  7. Stark-assisted population control of coherent CS(2) 4f and 5p Rydberg wave packets studied by femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy.

    PubMed

    Knappenberger, Kenneth L; Lerch, Eliza-Beth W; Wen, Patrick; Leone, Stephen R

    2007-09-28

    A two-color (3+1(')) pump-probe scheme is employed to investigate Rydberg wave packet dynamics in carbon disulfide (CS(2) (*)). The state superpositions are created within the 4f and 5p Rydberg manifolds by three photons of the 400 nm pump pulse, and their temporal evolution is monitored with femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using an 800 nm ionizing probe pulse. The coherent behavior of the non-stationary superpositions are observed through wavepacket revivals upon ionization to either the upper (12) or lower (32) spin-orbit components of CS(2) (+). The results show clearly that the composition of the wavepacket can be efficiently controlled by the power density of the excitation pulse over a range from 500 GWcm(2) to 10 TWcm(2). The results are consistent with the anticipated ac-Stark shift for 400 nm light and demonstrate an effective method for population control in molecular systems. Moreover, it is shown that Rydberg wavepackets can be formed in CS(2) with excitation power densities up to 10 TWcm(2) without significant fragmentation. The exponential 1e population decay (T(1)) of specific excited Rydberg states are recovered by analysis of the coherent part of the signal. The dissociation lifetimes of these states are typically 1.5 ps. However, a region exhibiting a more rapid decay ( approximately 800 fs) is observed for states residing in the energy range of 74 450-74 550 cm(-1), suggestive of an enhanced surface crossing in this region.

  8. A strange program for LHCb

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Martínez Santos, Diego

    2018-05-01

    The LHCb experiment is expanding its physics program towards studies of rare decays of strange particles. In this talk, we reviewed the published results by LHCb in Ks0→μ+μ-and Σ+→pμ+μ- decays, as well as sensitivity studies and prospects for other strangeness decays.

  9. Search for a high-mass Higgs boson decaying to a W boson pair in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.

    A search for a high-mass Higgs boson H is performed in the H → WW → ℓνℓν and H → WW → ℓνqq decay channels using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb -1 collected at √s = 8 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No evidence of a high-mass Higgs boson is found. Limits on σ H × BR(H → WW) as a function of the Higgs boson mass m H are determined in three different scenarios: one in which the heavy Higgs boson has a narrow width compared to themore » experimental resolution, one for a width increasing with the boson mass and modeled by the complex-pole scheme following the same behavior as in the Standard Model, and one for intermediate widths. The upper range of the search is m H = 1500 GeV for the narrow-width scenario and m H = 1000 GeV for the other two scenarios. The lower edge of the search range is 200–300 GeV and depends on the analysis channel and search scenario. For each signal interpretation, individual and combined limits from the two WW decay channels are presented. Thus, at m H = 1500 GeV, the highest-mass point tested, σ H × BR(H → WW) for a narrow-width Higgs boson is constrained to be less than 22fb and 6.6fb at 95% CL for the gluon fusion and vector-boson fusion production modes, respectively.« less

  10. NMR polarization echoes in a nematic liquid crystal

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Levstein, Patricia R.; Chattah, Ana K.; Pastawski, Horacio M.; Raya, Jésus; Hirschinger, Jérôme

    2004-10-01

    We have modified the polarization echo (PE) sequence through the incorporation of Lee-Goldburg cross polarization steps to quench the 1H-1H dipolar dynamics. In this way, the 13C becomes an ideal local probe to inject and detect polarization in the proton system. This improvement made possible the observation of the local polarization P00(t) and polarization echoes in the interphenyl proton of the liquid crystal N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline. The decay of P00(t) was well fitted to an exponential law with a characteristic time τC≈310 μs. The hierarchy of the intramolecular dipolar couplings determines a dynamical bottleneck that justifies the use of the Fermi Golden Rule to obtain a spectral density consistent with the structural parameters. The time evolution of P00(t) was reversed by the PE sequence generating echoes at the time expected by the scaling of the dipolar Hamiltonian. This indicates that the reversible 1H-1H dipolar interaction is the main contribution to the local polarization decrease and that the exponential decay for P00(t) does not imply irreversibility. The attenuation of the echoes follows a Gaussian law with a characteristic time τφ≈527 μs. The shape and magnitude of the characteristic time of the PE decay suggest that it is dominated by the unperturbed homonuclear dipolar Hamiltonian. This means that τφ is an intrinsic property of the dipolar coupled network and not of other degrees of freedom. In this case, one cannot unambiguously identify the mechanism that produces the decoherence of the dipolar order. This is because even weak interactions are able to break the fragile multiple coherences originated on the dipolar evolution, hindering its reversal. Other schemes to investigate these underlying mechanisms are proposed.

  11. Decaying Relevance of Clinical Data Towards Future Decisions in Data-Driven Inpatient Clinical Order Sets

    PubMed Central

    Chen, Jonathan H; Alagappan, Muthuraman; Goldstein, Mary K; Asch, Steven M; Altman, Russ B

    2017-01-01

    Objective Determine how varying longitudinal historical training data can impact prediction of future clinical decisions. Estimate the “decay rate” of clinical data source relevance. Materials and Methods We trained a clinical order recommender system, analogous to Netflix or Amazon’s “Customers who bought A also bought B…” product recommenders, based on a tertiary academic hospital’s structured electronic health record data. We used this system to predict future (2013) admission orders based on different subsets of historical training data (2009 through 2012), relative to existing human-authored order sets. Results Predicting future (2013) inpatient orders is more accurate with models trained on just one month of recent (2012) data than with 12 months of older (2009) data (ROC AUC 0.91 vs. 0.88, precision 27% vs. 22%, recall 52% vs. 43%, all P<10−10). Algorithmically learned models from even the older (2009) data was still more effective than existing human-authored order sets (ROC AUC 0.81, precision 16% recall 35%). Training with more longitudinal data (2009–2012) was no better than using only the most recent (2012) data, unless applying a decaying weighting scheme with a “half-life” of data relevance about 4 months. Discussion Clinical practice patterns (automatically) learned from electronic health record data can vary substantially across years. Gold standards for clinical decision support are elusive moving targets, reinforcing the need for automated methods that can adapt to evolving information. Conclusions and Relevance Prioritizing small amounts of recent data is more effective than using larger amounts of older data towards future clinical predictions. PMID:28495350

  12. Development of the FHR advanced natural circulation analysis code and application to FHR safety analysis

    DOE PAGES

    Guo, Z.; Zweibaum, N.; Shao, M.; ...

    2016-04-19

    The University of California, Berkeley (UCB) is performing thermal hydraulics safety analysis to develop the technical basis for design and licensing of fluoride-salt-cooled, high-temperature reactors (FHRs). FHR designs investigated by UCB use natural circulation for emergency, passive decay heat removal when normal decay heat removal systems fail. The FHR advanced natural circulation analysis (FANCY) code has been developed for assessment of passive decay heat removal capability and safety analysis of these innovative system designs. The FANCY code uses a one-dimensional, semi-implicit scheme to solve for pressure-linked mass, momentum and energy conservation equations. Graph theory is used to automatically generate amore » staggered mesh for complicated pipe network systems. Heat structure models have been implemented for three types of boundary conditions (Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin boundary conditions). Heat structures can be composed of several layers of different materials, and are used for simulation of heat structure temperature distribution and heat transfer rate. Control models are used to simulate sequences of events or trips of safety systems. A proportional-integral controller is also used to automatically make thermal hydraulic systems reach desired steady state conditions. A point kinetics model is used to model reactor kinetics behavior with temperature reactivity feedback. The underlying large sparse linear systems in these models are efficiently solved by using direct and iterative solvers provided by the SuperLU code on high performance machines. Input interfaces are designed to increase the flexibility of simulation for complicated thermal hydraulic systems. In conclusion, this paper mainly focuses on the methodology used to develop the FANCY code, and safety analysis of the Mark 1 pebble-bed FHR under development at UCB is performed.« less

  13. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Guo, Z.; Zweibaum, N.; Shao, M.

    The University of California, Berkeley (UCB) is performing thermal hydraulics safety analysis to develop the technical basis for design and licensing of fluoride-salt-cooled, high-temperature reactors (FHRs). FHR designs investigated by UCB use natural circulation for emergency, passive decay heat removal when normal decay heat removal systems fail. The FHR advanced natural circulation analysis (FANCY) code has been developed for assessment of passive decay heat removal capability and safety analysis of these innovative system designs. The FANCY code uses a one-dimensional, semi-implicit scheme to solve for pressure-linked mass, momentum and energy conservation equations. Graph theory is used to automatically generate amore » staggered mesh for complicated pipe network systems. Heat structure models have been implemented for three types of boundary conditions (Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin boundary conditions). Heat structures can be composed of several layers of different materials, and are used for simulation of heat structure temperature distribution and heat transfer rate. Control models are used to simulate sequences of events or trips of safety systems. A proportional-integral controller is also used to automatically make thermal hydraulic systems reach desired steady state conditions. A point kinetics model is used to model reactor kinetics behavior with temperature reactivity feedback. The underlying large sparse linear systems in these models are efficiently solved by using direct and iterative solvers provided by the SuperLU code on high performance machines. Input interfaces are designed to increase the flexibility of simulation for complicated thermal hydraulic systems. In conclusion, this paper mainly focuses on the methodology used to develop the FANCY code, and safety analysis of the Mark 1 pebble-bed FHR under development at UCB is performed.« less

  14. Search for a high-mass Higgs boson decaying to a W boson pair in pp collisions at √{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; Abdinov, O.; Aben, R.; Abolins, M.; AbouZeid, O. S.; Abramowicz, H.; Abreu, H.; Abreu, R.; Abulaiti, Y.; Acharya, B. S.; Adamczyk, L.; Adams, D. L.; Adelman, J.; Adomeit, S.; Adye, T.; Affolder, A. A.; Agatonovic-Jovin, T.; Agricola, J.; Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.; Ahlen, S. P.; Ahmadov, F.; Aielli, G.; Akerstedt, H.; Åkesson, T. P. A.; Akimov, A. V.; Alberghi, G. L.; Albert, J.; Albrand, S.; Alconada Verzini, M. J.; Aleksa, M.; Aleksandrov, I. N.; Alexa, C.; Alexander, G.; Alexopoulos, T.; Alhroob, M.; Alimonti, G.; Alio, L.; Alison, J.; Alkire, S. P.; Allbrooke, B. M. M.; Allport, P. P.; Aloisio, A.; Alonso, A.; Alonso, F.; Alpigiani, C.; Altheimer, A.; Alvarez Gonzalez, B.; Álvarez Piqueras, D.; Alviggi, M. G.; Amadio, B. T.; Amako, K.; Amaral Coutinho, Y.; Amelung, C.; Amidei, D.; Amor Dos Santos, S. P.; Amorim, A.; Amoroso, S.; Amram, N.; Amundsen, G.; Anastopoulos, C.; Ancu, L. S.; Andari, N.; Andeen, T.; Anders, C. F.; Anders, G.; Anders, J. K.; Anderson, K. J.; Andreazza, A.; Andrei, V.; Angelidakis, S.; Angelozzi, I.; Anger, P.; Angerami, A.; Anghinolfi, F.; Anisenkov, A. V.; Anjos, N.; Annovi, A.; Antonelli, M.; Antonov, A.; Antos, J.; Anulli, F.; Aoki, M.; Aperio Bella, L.; Arabidze, G.; Arai, Y.; Araque, J. P.; Arce, A. T. H.; Arduh, F. A.; Arguin, J.-F.; Argyropoulos, S.; Arik, M.; Armbruster, A. J.; Arnaez, O.; Arnal, V.; Arnold, H.; Arratia, M.; Arslan, O.; Artamonov, A.; Artoni, G.; Asai, S.; Asbah, N.; Ashkenazi, A.; Åsman, B.; Asquith, L.; Assamagan, K.; Astalos, R.; Atkinson, M.; Atlay, N. B.; Augsten, K.; Aurousseau, M.; Avolio, G.; Axen, B.; Ayoub, M. K.; Azuelos, G.; Baak, M. A.; Baas, A. E.; Baca, M. J.; Bacci, C.; Bachacou, H.; Bachas, K.; Backes, M.; Backhaus, M.; Bagiacchi, P.; Bagnaia, P.; Bai, Y.; Bain, T.; Baines, J. T.; Baker, O. K.; Baldin, E. M.; Balek, P.; Balestri, T.; Balli, F.; Balunas, W. K.; Banas, E.; Banerjee, Sw.; Bannoura, A. A. E.; Bansil, H. S.; Barak, L.; Barberio, E. L.; Barberis, D.; Barbero, M.; Barillari, T.; Barisonzi, M.; Barklow, T.; Barlow, N.; Barnes, S. L.; Barnett, B. M.; Barnett, R. M.; Barnovska, Z.; Baroncelli, A.; Barone, G.; Barr, A. J.; Barreiro, F.; Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, J.; Bartoldus, R.; Barton, A. E.; Bartos, P.; Basalaev, A.; Bassalat, A.; Basye, A.; Bates, R. L.; Batista, S. J.; Batley, J. R.; Battaglia, M.; Bauce, M.; Bauer, F.; Bawa, H. S.; Beacham, J. B.; Beattie, M. D.; Beau, T.; Beauchemin, P. H.; Beccherle, R.; Bechtle, P.; Beck, H. P.; Becker, K.; Becker, M.; Beckingham, M.; Becot, C.; Beddall, A. J.; Beddall, A.; Bednyakov, V. A.; Bee, C. P.; Beemster, L. J.; Beermann, T. A.; Begel, M.; Behr, J. K.; Belanger-Champagne, C.; Bell, W. H.; Bella, G.; Bellagamba, L.; Bellerive, A.; Bellomo, M.; Belotskiy, K.; Beltramello, O.; Benary, O.; Benchekroun, D.; Bender, M.; Bendtz, K.; Benekos, N.; Benhammou, Y.; Benhar Noccioli, E.; Benitez Garcia, J. A.; Benjamin, D. P.; Bensinger, J. R.; Bentvelsen, S.; Beresford, L.; Beretta, M.; Berge, D.; Bergeaas Kuutmann, E.; Berger, N.; Berghaus, F.; Beringer, J.; Bernard, C.; Bernard, N. R.; Bernius, C.; Bernlochner, F. U.; Berry, T.; Berta, P.; Bertella, C.; Bertoli, G.; Bertolucci, F.; Bertsche, C.; Bertsche, D.; Besana, M. I.; Besjes, G. J.; Bessidskaia Bylund, O.; Bessner, M.; Besson, N.; Betancourt, C.; Bethke, S.; Bevan, A. J.; Bhimji, W.; Bianchi, R. M.; Bianchini, L.; Bianco, M.; Biebel, O.; Biedermann, D.; Bieniek, S. P.; Biglietti, M.; Bilbao De Mendizabal, J.; Bilokon, H.; Bindi, M.; Binet, S.; Bingul, A.; Bini, C.; Biondi, S.; Bjergaard, D. M.; Black, C. W.; Black, J. E.; Black, K. M.; Blackburn, D.; Blair, R. E.; Blanchard, J.-B.; Blanco, J. E.; Blazek, T.; Bloch, I.; Blocker, C.; Blum, W.; Blumenschein, U.; Bobbink, G. J.; Bobrovnikov, V. S.; Bocchetta, S. S.; Bocci, A.; Bock, C.; Boehler, M.; Bogaerts, J. A.; Bogavac, D.; Bogdanchikov, A. G.; Bohm, C.; Boisvert, V.; Bold, T.; Boldea, V.; Boldyrev, A. S.; Bomben, M.; Bona, M.; Boonekamp, M.; Borisov, A.; Borissov, G.; Borroni, S.; Bortfeldt, J.; Bortolotto, V.; Bos, K.; Boscherini, D.; Bosman, M.; Boudreau, J.; Bouffard, J.; Bouhova-Thacker, E. V.; Boumediene, D.; Bourdarios, C.; Bousson, N.; Boutle, S. K.; Boveia, A.; Boyd, J.; Boyko, I. R.; Bozic, I.; Bracinik, J.; Brandt, A.; Brandt, G.; Brandt, O.; Bratzler, U.; Brau, B.; Brau, J. E.; Braun, H. M.; Brazzale, S. F.; Breaden Madden, W. D.; Brendlinger, K.; Brennan, A. J.; Brenner, L.; Brenner, R.; Bressler, S.; Bristow, K.; Bristow, T. M.; Britton, D.; Britzger, D.; Brochu, F. M.; Brock, I.; Brock, R.; Bronner, J.; Brooijmans, G.; Brooks, T.; Brooks, W. K.; Brosamer, J.; Brost, E.; Brown, J.; Bruckman de Renstrom, P. A.; Bruncko, D.; Bruneliere, R.; Bruni, A.; Bruni, G.; Bruschi, M.; Bruscino, N.; Bryngemark, L.; Buanes, T.; Buat, Q.; Buchholz, P.; Buckley, A. G.; Buda, S. I.; Budagov, I. A.; Buehrer, F.; Bugge, L.; Bugge, M. 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F.; Tas, P.; Tasevsky, M.; Tashiro, T.; Tassi, E.; Tavares Delgado, A.; Tayalati, Y.; Taylor, F. E.; Taylor, G. N.; Taylor, P. T. E.; Taylor, W.; Teischinger, F. A.; Teixeira Dias Castanheira, M.; Teixeira-Dias, P.; Temming, K. K.; Temple, D.; Ten Kate, H.; Teng, P. K.; Teoh, J. J.; Tepel, F.; Terada, S.; Terashi, K.; Terron, J.; Terzo, S.; Testa, M.; Teuscher, R. J.; Theveneaux-Pelzer, T.; Thomas, J. P.; Thomas-Wilsker, J.; Thompson, E. N.; Thompson, P. D.; Thompson, R. J.; Thompson, A. S.; Thomsen, L. A.; Thomson, E.; Thomson, M.; Thun, R. P.; Tibbetts, M. J.; Ticse Torres, R. E.; Tikhomirov, V. O.; Tikhonov, Yu. A.; Timoshenko, S.; Tiouchichine, E.; Tipton, P.; Tisserant, S.; Todome, K.; Todorov, T.; Todorova-Nova, S.; Tojo, J.; Tokár, S.; Tokushuku, K.; Tollefson, K.; Tolley, E.; Tomlinson, L.; Tomoto, M.; Tompkins, L.; Toms, K.; Torrence, E.; Torres, H.; Torró Pastor, E.; Toth, J.; Touchard, F.; Tovey, D. R.; Trefzger, T.; Tremblet, L.; Tricoli, A.; Trigger, I. M.; Trincaz-Duvoid, S.; Tripiana, M. F.; Trischuk, W.; Trocmé, B.; Troncon, C.; Trottier-McDonald, M.; Trovatelli, M.; Truong, L.; Trzebinski, M.; Trzupek, A.; Tsarouchas, C.; Tseng, J. C.-L.; Tsiareshka, P. V.; Tsionou, D.; Tsipolitis, G.; Tsirintanis, N.; Tsiskaridze, S.; Tsiskaridze, V.; Tskhadadze, E. G.; Tsukerman, I. I.; Tsulaia, V.; Tsuno, S.; Tsybychev, D.; Tudorache, A.; Tudorache, V.; Tuna, A. N.; Tupputi, S. A.; Turchikhin, S.; Turecek, D.; Turra, R.; Turvey, A. J.; Tuts, P. M.; Tykhonov, A.; Tylmad, M.; Tyndel, M.; Ueda, I.; Ueno, R.; Ughetto, M.; Ugland, M.; Ukegawa, F.; Unal, G.; Undrus, A.; Unel, G.; Ungaro, F. C.; Unno, Y.; Unverdorben, C.; Urban, J.; Urquijo, P.; Urrejola, P.; Usai, G.; Usanova, A.; Vacavant, L.; Vacek, V.; Vachon, B.; Valderanis, C.; Valencic, N.; Valentinetti, S.; Valero, A.; Valery, L.; Valkar, S.; Valladolid Gallego, E.; Vallecorsa, S.; Valls Ferrer, J. A.; Van Den Wollenberg, W.; Van Der Deijl, P. C.; van der Geer, R.; van der Graaf, H.; van Eldik, N.; van Gemmeren, P.; Van Nieuwkoop, J.; van Vulpen, I.; van Woerden, M. C.; Vanadia, M.; Vandelli, W.; Vanguri, R.; Vaniachine, A.; Vannucci, F.; Vardanyan, G.; Vari, R.; Varnes, E. W.; Varol, T.; Varouchas, D.; Vartapetian, A.; Varvell, K. E.; Vazeille, F.; Vazquez Schroeder, T.; Veatch, J.; Veloce, L. M.; Veloso, F.; Velz, T.; Veneziano, S.; Ventura, A.; Ventura, D.; Venturi, M.; Venturi, N.; Venturini, A.; Vercesi, V.; Verducci, M.; Verkerke, W.; Vermeulen, J. C.; Vest, A.; Vetterli, M. C.; Viazlo, O.; Vichou, I.; Vickey, T.; Vickey Boeriu, O. E.; Viehhauser, G. H. A.; Viel, S.; Vigne, R.; Villa, M.; Villaplana Perez, M.; Vilucchi, E.; Vincter, M. G.; Vinogradov, V. B.; Vivarelli, I.; Vives Vaque, F.; Vlachos, S.; Vladoiu, D.; Vlasak, M.; Vogel, M.; Vokac, P.; Volpi, G.; Volpi, M.; von der Schmitt, H.; von Radziewski, H.; von Toerne, E.; Vorobel, V.; Vorobev, K.; Vos, M.; Voss, R.; Vossebeld, J. H.; Vranjes, N.; Vranjes Milosavljevic, M.; Vrba, V.; Vreeswijk, M.; Vuillermet, R.; Vukotic, I.; Vykydal, Z.; Wagner, P.; Wagner, W.; Wahlberg, H.; Wahrmund, S.; Wakabayashi, J.; Walder, J.; Walker, R.; Walkowiak, W.; Wang, C.; Wang, F.; Wang, H.; Wang, H.; Wang, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, K.; Wang, R.; Wang, S. M.; Wang, T.; Wang, T.; Wang, X.; Wanotayaroj, C.; Warburton, A.; Ward, C. P.; Wardrope, D. R.; Washbrook, A.; Wasicki, C.; Watkins, P. M.; Watson, A. T.; Watson, I. J.; Watson, M. F.; Watts, G.; Watts, S.; Waugh, B. M.; Webb, S.; Weber, M. S.; Weber, S. W.; Webster, J. S.; Weidberg, A. R.; Weinert, B.; Weingarten, J.; Weiser, C.; Weits, H.; Wells, P. S.; Wenaus, T.; Wengler, T.; Wenig, S.; Wermes, N.; Werner, M.; Werner, P.; Wessels, M.; Wetter, J.; Whalen, K.; Wharton, A. M.; White, A.; White, M. J.; White, R.; White, S.; Whiteson, D.; Wickens, F. J.; Wiedenmann, W.; Wielers, M.; Wienemann, P.; Wiglesworth, C.; Wiik-Fuchs, L. A. M.; Wildauer, A.; Wilkens, H. G.; Williams, H. H.; Williams, S.; Willis, C.; Willocq, S.; Wilson, A.; Wilson, J. A.; Wingerter-Seez, I.; Winklmeier, F.; Winter, B. T.; Wittgen, M.; Wittkowski, J.; Wollstadt, S. J.; Wolter, M. W.; Wolters, H.; Wosiek, B. K.; Wotschack, J.; Woudstra, M. J.; Wozniak, K. W.; Wu, M.; Wu, M.; Wu, S. L.; Wu, X.; Wu, Y.; Wyatt, T. R.; Wynne, B. M.; Xella, S.; Xu, D.; Xu, L.; Yabsley, B.; Yacoob, S.; Yakabe, R.; Yamada, M.; Yamaguchi, D.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Yamamoto, A.; Yamamoto, S.; Yamanaka, T.; Yamauchi, K.; Yamazaki, Y.; Yan, Z.; Yang, H.; Yang, H.; Yang, Y.; Yao, W.-M.; Yasu, Y.; Yatsenko, E.; Yau Wong, K. H.; Ye, J.; Ye, S.; Yeletskikh, I.; Yen, A. L.; Yildirim, E.; Yorita, K.; Yoshida, R.; Yoshihara, K.; Young, C.; Young, C. J. S.; Youssef, S.; Yu, D. R.; Yu, J.; Yu, J. M.; Yu, J.; Yuan, L.; Yuen, S. P. Y.; Yurkewicz, A.; Yusuff, I.; Zabinski, B.; Zaidan, R.; Zaitsev, A. M.; Zalieckas, J.; Zaman, A.; Zambito, S.; Zanello, L.; Zanzi, D.; Zeitnitz, C.; Zeman, M.; Zemla, A.; Zeng, Q.; Zengel, K.; Zenin, O.; Ženiš, T.; Zerwas, D.; Zhang, D.; Zhang, F.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, R.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, X.; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, Z.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zhong, J.; Zhou, B.; Zhou, C.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, M.; Zhou, N.; Zhu, C. G.; Zhu, H.; Zhu, J.; Zhu, Y.; Zhuang, X.; Zhukov, K.; Zibell, A.; Zieminska, D.; Zimine, N. I.; Zimmermann, C.; Zimmermann, S.; Zinonos, Z.; Zinser, M.; Ziolkowski, M.; Živković, L.; Zobernig, G.; Zoccoli, A.; zur Nedden, M.; Zurzolo, G.; Zwalinski, L.

    2016-01-01

    A search for a high-mass Higgs boson H is performed in the H → WW → ℓνℓν and H → WW → ℓνqq decay channels using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb-1 collected at √{s}=8 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No evidence of a high-mass Higgs boson is found. Limits on σ H × BR( H → WW) as a function of the Higgs boson mass m H are determined in three different scenarios: one in which the heavy Higgs boson has a narrow width compared to the experimental resolution, one for a width increasing with the boson mass and modeled by the complex-pole scheme following the same behavior as in the Standard Model, and one for intermediate widths. The upper range of the search is m H = 1500 GeV for the narrow-width scenario and m H = 1000 GeV for the other two scenarios. The lower edge of the search range is 200-300 GeV and depends on the analysis channel and search scenario. For each signal interpretation, individual and combined limits from the two WW decay channels are presented. At m H = 1500 GeV, the highest-mass point tested, σ H × BR( H → WW) for a narrow-width Higgs boson is constrained to be less than 22 fb and 6.6 fb at 95% CL for the gluon fusion and vector-boson fusion production modes, respectively. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

  15. Search for a high-mass Higgs boson decaying to a W boson pair in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

    DOE PAGES

    Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; ...

    2016-01-07

    A search for a high-mass Higgs boson H is performed in the H → WW → ℓνℓν and H → WW → ℓνqq decay channels using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb -1 collected at √s = 8 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No evidence of a high-mass Higgs boson is found. Limits on σ H × BR(H → WW) as a function of the Higgs boson mass m H are determined in three different scenarios: one in which the heavy Higgs boson has a narrow width compared to themore » experimental resolution, one for a width increasing with the boson mass and modeled by the complex-pole scheme following the same behavior as in the Standard Model, and one for intermediate widths. The upper range of the search is m H = 1500 GeV for the narrow-width scenario and m H = 1000 GeV for the other two scenarios. The lower edge of the search range is 200–300 GeV and depends on the analysis channel and search scenario. For each signal interpretation, individual and combined limits from the two WW decay channels are presented. Thus, at m H = 1500 GeV, the highest-mass point tested, σ H × BR(H → WW) for a narrow-width Higgs boson is constrained to be less than 22fb and 6.6fb at 95% CL for the gluon fusion and vector-boson fusion production modes, respectively.« less

  16. Total absorption studies of high priority decays for reactor applications: 86 Br and 91 Rb

    DOE PAGES

    Algora, A.; Rice, S.; Guadilla, V.; ...

    2017-09-13

    Preliminary results from beta decay studies of nuclei that are important for reactor applications are presented. The beta decays have been studied using the total absorption technique (TAS) and the pure beams provided by the JYFLTRAP system at the IGISOL facility of the University of Jyväskylä.

  17. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    de la Puente, Alejandro

    In this work, I present a generalization of the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM), with an explicit μ-term and a supersymmetric mass for the singlet superfield, as a route to alleviating the little hierarchy problem of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). I analyze two limiting cases of the model, characterized by the size of the supersymmetric mass for the singlet superfield. The small and large limits of this mass parameter are studied, and I find that I can generate masses for the lightest neutral Higgs boson up to 140 GeV with top squarks below the TeV scale, all couplingsmore » perturbative up to the gauge unification scale, and with no need to fine tune parameters in the scalar potential. This model, which I call the S-MSSM is also embedded in a gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking scheme. I find that even with a minimal embedding of the S-MSSM into a gauge mediated scheme, the mass for the lightest Higgs boson can easily be above 114 GeV, while keeping the top squarks below the TeV scale. Furthermore, I also study the forward-backward asymmetry in the t¯t system within the framework of the S-MSSM. For this purpose, non-renormalizable couplings between the first and third generation of quarks to scalars are introduced. The two limiting cases of the S-MSSM, characterized by the size of the supersymmetric mass for the singlet superfield is analyzed, and I find that in the region of small singlet supersymmetric mass a large asymmetry can be obtained while being consistent with constraints arising from flavor physics, quark masses and top quark decays.« less

  18. Decay of Solar Wind Turbulence behind Interplanetary Shocks

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pitňa, Alexander; Šafránková, Jana; Němeček, Zdeněk

    We investigate the decay of magnetic and kinetic energies behind IP shocks with motivation to find a relaxation time when downstream turbulence reaches a usual solar wind value. We start with a case study that introduces computation techniques and quantifies a contribution of kinetic fluctuations to the general energy balance. This part of the study is based on high-time (31 ms) resolution plasma data provided by the Spektr-R spacecraft. On the other hand, a statistical part is based on 92 s Wind plasma and magnetic data and its results confirm theoretically established decay laws for kinetic and magnetic energies. Wemore » observe the power-law behavior of the energy decay profiles and we estimated the power-law exponents of both kinetic and magnetic energy decay rates as −1.2. We found that the decay of MHD turbulence does not start immediately after the IP shock ramp and we suggest that the proper decay of turbulence begins when a contribution of the kinetic processes becomes negligible. We support this suggestion with a detailed analysis of the decay of turbulence at the kinetic scale.« less

  19. Visual cues for woodpeckers: light reflectance of decayed wood varies by decay fungus

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    O'Daniels, Sean T.; Kesler, Dylan C.; Mihail, Jeanne D.; Webb, Elisabeth B.; Werner, Scott J.

    2018-01-01

    The appearance of wood substrates is likely relevant to bird species with life histories that require regular interactions with wood for food and shelter. Woodpeckers detect decayed wood for cavity placement or foraging, and some species may be capable of detecting trees decayed by specific fungi; however, a mechanism allowing for such specificity remains unidentified. We hypothesized that decay fungi associated with woodpecker cavity sites alter the substrate reflectance in a species-specific manner that is visually discriminable by woodpeckers. We grew 10 species of wood decay fungi from pure cultures on sterile wood substrates of 3 tree species. We then measured the relative reflectance spectra of decayed and control wood wafers and compared them using the receptor noise-limited (RNL) color discrimination model. The RNL model has been used in studies of feather coloration, egg shells, flowers, and fruit to model how the colors of objects appear to birds. Our analyses indicated 6 of 10 decayed substrate/control comparisons were above the threshold of discrimination (i.e., indicating differences discriminable by avian viewers), and 12 of 13 decayed substrate comparisons were also above threshold for a hypothetical woodpecker. We conclude that woodpeckers should be capable of visually detecting decayed wood on trees where bark is absent, and they should also be able to detect visually species-specific differences in wood substrates decayed by fungi used in this study. Our results provide evidence for a visual mechanism by which woodpeckers could identify and select substrates decayed by specific fungi, which has implications for understanding ecologically important woodpecker–fungus interactions.

  20. NNLO computational techniques: The cases H→γγ and H→gg

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Actis, Stefano; Passarino, Giampiero; Sturm, Christian; Uccirati, Sandro

    2009-04-01

    A large set of techniques needed to compute decay rates at the two-loop level are derived and systematized. The main emphasis of the paper is on the two Standard Model decays H→γγ and H→gg. The techniques, however, have a much wider range of application: they give practical examples of general rules for two-loop renormalization; they introduce simple recipes for handling internal unstable particles in two-loop processes; they illustrate simple procedures for the extraction of collinear logarithms from the amplitude. The latter is particularly relevant to show cancellations, e.g. cancellation of collinear divergencies. Furthermore, the paper deals with the proper treatment of non-enhanced two-loop QCD and electroweak contributions to different physical (pseudo-)observables, showing how they can be transformed in a way that allows for a stable numerical integration. Numerical results for the two-loop percentage corrections to H→γγ,gg are presented and discussed. When applied to the process pp→gg+X→H+X, the results show that the electroweak scaling factor for the cross section is between -4% and +6% in the range 100 GeV

  1. Thermal effects and sudden decay approximation in the curvaton scenario

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kitajima, Naoya; Takesako, Tomohiro; Yokoyama, Shuichiro

    2014-10-01

    We study the impact of a temperature-dependent curvaton decay rate on the primordial curvature perturbation generated in the curvaton scenario. Using the familiar sudden decay approximation, we obtain an analytical expression for the curvature perturbation after the decay of the curvaton. We then investigate numerically the evolution of the background and of the perturbations during the decay. We first show that the instantaneous transfer coefficient, related to the curvaton energy fraction at the decay, can be extended into a more general parameter, which depends on the net transfer of the curvaton energy into radiation energy or, equivalently, on the totalmore » entropy ratio after the complete curvaton decay. We then compute the curvature perturbation and compare this result with the sudden decay approximation prediction.« less

  2. Inequalities in Tooth Decay in Australian Children by Neighbourhood Characteristics and Indigenous Status.

    PubMed

    Lalloo, Ratilal; Jamieson, Lisa M; Ha, Diep; Luzzi, Liana

    2016-01-01

    Tooth decay is related to poverty, measured at individual and neighbourhood levels. It is however uncertain if living in an advantaged neighbourhood reduces tooth decay similarly in Australian Indigenous and non-Indigenous children. This study describes tooth decay by neighbourhood characteristics and Indigenous status, and examines inequalities by Indigenous status. In deciduous dentition the percentage of children with tooth decay and untreated decay decreased on average 26% and 20% respectively in the non-Indigenous sample from poor to affluent neighbourhoods. In Indigenous children tooth decay and untreated decay decreased on average 6% and 8%, respectively, from poor to affluent neighbourhoods. While all children from affluent areas had less tooth decay, the gap between non-Indigenous and Indigenous children remained significant across neighbourhood characteristics. This suggests that both universal and targeted prevention programs should be considered for all Indigenous children irrespective of where they live.

  3. Inequalities in Tooth Decay in Australian Children by Neighbourhood Characteristics and Indigenous Status.

    PubMed

    Lalloo, Ratilal; Jamieson, Lisa M; Ha, Diep; Luzzi, Liana

    2016-02-01

    Tooth decay is related to poverty, measured at individual and neighbourhood levels. It is however uncertain if living in an advantaged neighbourhood reduces tooth decay similarly in Australian Indigenous and non-Indigenous children. This study describes tooth decay by neighbourhood characteristics and Indigenous status, and examines inequalities by Indigenous status. In deciduous dentition the percentage of children with tooth decay and untreated decay decreased on average 26% and 20% respectively in the non-Indigenous sample from poor to affluent neighbourhoods. In Indigenous children tooth decay and untreated decay decreased on average 6% and 8%, respectively, from poor to affluent neighbourhoods. While all children from affluent areas had less tooth decay, the gap between non-Indigenous and Indigenous children remained significant across neighbourhood characteristics. This suggests that both universal and targeted prevention programs should be considered for all Indigenous children irrespective of where they live.

  4. Frequency and risk indicators of tooth decay among pregnant women in France: a cross-sectional analysis.

    PubMed

    Vergnes, Jean-Noel; Kaminski, Monique; Lelong, Nathalie; Musset, Anne-Marie; Sixou, Michel; Nabet, Cathy

    2012-01-01

    Little is known on the prevalence of tooth decay among pregnant women. Better knowledge of tooth decay risk indicators during pregnancy could help to develop follow-up protocols for women at risk, along with better prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of tooth decay and the number of decayed teeth per woman in a large sample of pregnant women in France, and to study associated risk indicators. A secondary cross-sectional analysis of data from a French multicentre case-control study was performed. The sample was composed of 1094 at-term women of six maternity units. A dental examination was carried out within 2 to 4 days post-partum. Socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics were obtained through a standardised interview with the women. Medical characteristics were obtained from the women's medical records. Risk indicators associated with tooth decay were identified using a negative binomial hurdle model. 51.6% of the women had tooth decay. The mean number of decayed teeth among women having at least one was 3.1 (s.d. = 2.8). Having tooth decay was statistically associated with lower age (aOR = 1.58, 95%CI [1.03,2.45]), lower educational level (aOR = 1.53, 95%CI [1.06,2.23]) and dental plaque (aOR = 1.75, 95%CI [1.27,2.41]). The number of decayed teeth was associated with the same risk indicators and with non-French nationality and inadequate prenatal care. The frequency of tooth decay and the number of decayed teeth among pregnant women were high. Oral health promotion programmes must continue to inform women and care providers about the importance of dental care before, during and after pregnancy. Future research should also assess the effectiveness of public policies related to oral health in target populations of pregnant women facing challenging social or economic situations.

  5. Soil attributes and microclimate are important drivers of initial deadwood decay in sub-alpine Norway spruce forests.

    PubMed

    Fravolini, Giulia; Egli, Markus; Derungs, Curdin; Cherubini, Paolo; Ascher-Jenull, Judith; Gómez-Brandón, María; Bardelli, Tommaso; Tognetti, Roberto; Lombardi, Fabio; Marchetti, Marco

    2016-11-01

    Deadwood is known to significantly contribute to global terrestrial carbon stocks and carbon cycling, but its decay dynamics are still not thoroughly understood. Although the chemistry of deadwood has been studied as a function of decay stage in temperate to subalpine environments, it has generally not been related to time. We therefore studied the decay (mass of deadwood, cellulose and lignin) of equal-sized blocks of Picea abies wood in soil-mesocosms over two years in the Italian Alps. The 8 sites selected were along an altitudinal sequence, reflecting different climate zones. In addition, the effect of exposure (north- and south-facing slopes) was taken into account. The decay dynamics of the mass of deadwood, cellulose and lignin were related to soil parameters (pH, soil texture, moisture, temperature) and climatic data. The decay rate constants of Picea abies deadwood were low (on average between 0.039 and 0.040y(-1)) and of lignin close to zero (or not detectable), while cellulose reacted much faster with average decay rate constants between 0.110 and 0.117y(-1). Our field experiments showed that local scale factors, such as soil parameters and topographic properties, influenced the decay process: higher soil moisture and clay content along with a lower pH seemed to accelerate wood decay. Interestingly, air temperature negatively correlated with decay rates or positively with the amount of wood components on south-facing sites. It exerted its influence rather on moisture availability, i.e. the lower the temperature the higher the moisture availability. Topographic features were also relevant with generally slower decay processes on south-facing sites than on north-facing sites owing to the drier conditions, the higher pH and the lower weathering state of the soils (less clay minerals). This study highlights the importance of a multifactorial consideration of edaphic parameters to unravel the complex dynamics of initial wood decay. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  6. Superallowed Fermi β decay studies at TRIUMF-ISAC

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Svensson, C. E.; Dunlop, R.; Finlay, P.; Ball, G. C.; Ettenauer, S.; Leslie, J. R.; Towner, I. S.; Andreoiu, C.; Austin, R. A. E.; Bandyopadhyay, D.; Chagnon-Lessard, S.; Chester, A.; Cross, D. S.; Demand, G.; Djongolov, M.; Garnsworthy, A. B.; Garrett, P. E.; Green, K. L.; Glister, J.; Grinyer, G. F.; Hackman, G.; Hadinia, B.; Leach, K. G.; Pearson, C. J.; Phillips, A. A.; Rand, E. T.; Starosta, K.; Sumithrarachchi, C. S.; Tardiff, E. R.; Triambak, S.; Williams, S. J.; Wong, J.; Yates, S. W.; Zganjar, E. F.

    2013-10-01

    A program of high-precision superallowed Fermi β decay studies is being carried out at the Isotope Separator and Accelerator (ISAC) radioactive ion beam facility at TRIUMF. Recent high-precision branching ratio measurements for the superallowed decays of 74Rb and 26Alm, as well as a half-life measurement for 26Alm that is the most precise half-life measurement for any superallowed emitter to date, are reported. These results provide demanding tests of the theoretical isospin symmetry breaking corrections in superallowed Fermi β decays.

  7. String splitting and strong coupling meson decay.

    PubMed

    Cotrone, A L; Martucci, L; Troost, W

    2006-04-14

    We study the decay of high spin mesons using the gauge-string theory correspondence. The rate of the process is calculated by studying the splitting of a macroscopic string intersecting a D-brane. The result is applied to the decay of mesons in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory with a small number of flavors and in a gravity dual of large N QCD. In QCD the decay of high spin mesons is found to be heavily suppressed in the regime of validity of the supergravity description.

  8. Exotic decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson at future e +e – colliders

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Liu, Zhen; Wang, Lian -Tao; Zhang, Hao

    Discovery of unexpected properties of the Higgs boson offers an intriguing opportunity of shedding light on some of the most profound puzzles in particle physics. The Beyond Standard Model (BSM) decays of the Higgs boson could reveal new physics in a direct manner. Future electron-positron lepton colliders operating as Higgs factories, including CEPC, FCC-ee and ILC, with the advantages of a clean collider environment and large statistics, could greatly enhance the sensitivity in searching for these BSM decays. In this work, we perform a general study of Higgs exotic decays at futuremore » $e^+e^-$ lepton colliders, focusing on the Higgs decays with hadronic final states and/or missing energy, which are very challenging for the High-Luminosity program of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). We show that with simple selection cuts, $$O(10^{-3}\\sim10^{-5})$$ limits on the Higgs exotic decay branching fractions can be achieved using the leptonic decaying spectator $Z$ boson in the associated production mode $$e^+e^-\\rightarrow Z H$$. We further discuss the interplay between the detector performance and Higgs exotic decay, and other possibilities of exotic decays. Finally, our work is a first step in a comprehensive study of Higgs exotic decays at future lepton colliders, which is a key ingredient of Higgs physics that deserves further investigation.« less

  9. Mass measurement using energy spectra in three-body decays

    DOE PAGES

    Agashe, Kaustubh; Franceschini, Roberto; Kim, Doojin; ...

    2016-05-24

    In previous works we have demonstrated how the energy distribution of massless decay products in two body decays can be used to measure the mass of decaying particles. In this study, we show how such results can be generalized to the case of multi-body decays. The key ideas that allow us to deal with multi-body final states are an extension of our previous results to the case of massive decay products and the factorization of the multi-body phase space. The mass measurement strategy that we propose is distinct from alternative methods because it does not require an accurate reconstruction ofmore » the entire event, as it does not involve, for instance, the missing transverse momentum, but rather requires measuring only the visible decay products of the decay of interest. To demonstrate the general strategy, we study a supersymmetric model wherein pair-produced gluinos each decay to a stable neutralino and a bottom quark-antiquark pair via an off -shell bottom squark. The combinatorial background stemming from the indistinguishable visible final states on both decay sides can be treated by an “event mixing” technique, the performance of which is discussed in detail. In conclusion, taking into account dominant backgrounds, we are able to show that the mass of the gluino and, in favorable cases, that of the neutralino can be determined by this mass measurement strategy.« less

  10. Exotic decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson at future e +e – colliders

    DOE PAGES

    Liu, Zhen; Wang, Lian -Tao; Zhang, Hao

    2017-06-01

    Discovery of unexpected properties of the Higgs boson offers an intriguing opportunity of shedding light on some of the most profound puzzles in particle physics. The Beyond Standard Model (BSM) decays of the Higgs boson could reveal new physics in a direct manner. Future electron-positron lepton colliders operating as Higgs factories, including CEPC, FCC-ee and ILC, with the advantages of a clean collider environment and large statistics, could greatly enhance the sensitivity in searching for these BSM decays. In this work, we perform a general study of Higgs exotic decays at futuremore » $e^+e^-$ lepton colliders, focusing on the Higgs decays with hadronic final states and/or missing energy, which are very challenging for the High-Luminosity program of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). We show that with simple selection cuts, $$O(10^{-3}\\sim10^{-5})$$ limits on the Higgs exotic decay branching fractions can be achieved using the leptonic decaying spectator $Z$ boson in the associated production mode $$e^+e^-\\rightarrow Z H$$. We further discuss the interplay between the detector performance and Higgs exotic decay, and other possibilities of exotic decays. Finally, our work is a first step in a comprehensive study of Higgs exotic decays at future lepton colliders, which is a key ingredient of Higgs physics that deserves further investigation.« less

  11. Understanding the types of fraud in claims to South African medical schemes.

    PubMed

    Legotlo, T G; Mutezo, A

    2018-03-28

    Medical schemes play a significant role in funding private healthcare in South Africa (SA). However, the sector is negatively affected by the high rate of fraudulent claims. To identify the types of fraudulent activities committed in SA medical scheme claims. A cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted, adopting a case study strategy. A sample of 15 employees was purposively selected from a single medical scheme administration company in SA. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data from study participants. A thematic analysis of the data was done using ATLAS.ti software (ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development, Germany). The study population comprised the 17 companies that administer medical schemes in SA. Data were collected from 15 study participants, who were selected from the medical scheme administrator chosen as a case study. The study found that medical schemes were defrauded in numerous ways. The perpetrators of this type of fraud include healthcare service providers, medical scheme members, employees, brokers and syndicates. Medical schemes are mostly defrauded by the submission of false claims by service providers and syndicates. Fraud committed by medical scheme members encompasses the sharing of medical scheme benefits with non-members (card farming) and non-disclosure of pre-existing conditions at the application stage. The study concluded that perpetrators of fraud have found several ways of defrauding SA medical schemes regarding claims. Understanding and identifying the types of fraud events facing medical schemes is the initial step towards establishing methods to mitigate this risk. Future studies should examine strategies to manage fraudulent medical scheme claims.

  12. New physics in inclusive B →Xcℓν ¯ decay in light of R (D(*)) measurements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kamali, Saeed; Rashed, Ahmed; Datta, Alakabha

    2018-05-01

    In this work we study the effects of new-physics (NP) operators with different Lorentz structures on the inclusive B →Xcτ ν ¯ decay and make predictions for the ratio of total decay rates R (Xc)=Γ/(B →Xcτ ν¯ τ) Γ (B →Xcℓν¯ ℓ) with ℓ=e , μ , the differential decay rates, d/Γ d q2 and d/Γ d Eτ , forward-backward asymmetry AF B and the ratio of the differential decay rates B (q2)=d/Γ (B →Xcτ ν¯ τ)/d q2 d Γ (B →Xcℓν¯ ℓ)/d q2 . In addition, we introduce some leptoquark models as explicit models of the NP operators and study their effects on the inclusive decay. We consider O (αs) radiative and 1 /mb nonperturbative corrections to the Standard Model (SM) decay rate and ignore their small effects in the NP contributions.

  13. Total Absorption Study of Beta Decays Relevant for Nuclear Applications and Nuclear Structure

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Algora, A.; Valencia, E.; Tain, J. L.

    2014-06-01

    We present an overview of our activities related to the study of the beta decay of neutron rich nuclei relevant for nuclear applications. Recent results of the study of the beta decay of Br using a new segmented total absorption spectrometer are presented. Our measurements were performed at the IGISOL facility using trap-assisted total absorption spectroscopy.

  14. Estimation of the alpha decay of Platinum isotopes using different versions of theoretical formula

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hosseini, S. S.; Hassanabadi, H.; Sobhani, H.

    The alpha decay half-lives of even-even and even-odd Platinum (Pt) nuclei have been studied within the Coulomb and proximity potential model (CPPM). The present study is restricted to even-even nuclei with A = 166-198. The results are compared with other calculations such as the Semi-empirical formula (SemFIS) from Poenaru et al. based on fission theory of alpha decay, the Viola-Seaborg (VS), Royer (R) and Brown formulae. Also, the alpha decay half-lives have been calculated using the Scaling law of Brown (SLB), the Universal Decay Law (UDL) of Qi et al., the Scaling Law of Horoi et al. (SLH), and Akrawy-Dorin formula (ADF) of Akrawy and Poenaru, which are the Royer modified formula for alpha decay half-live by adding asymmetry term.

  15. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rice, S.; Algora, A.; Tain, J. L.

    The beta decays of Br-86 and Rb-91 have been studied using the total absorption spectroscopy technique. The radioactive nuclei were produced at the Ion Guide Isotope Separator On-Line facility in Jyvaskyla and further purified using the JYFLTRAP. Br-86 and Rb-91 are considered to be major contributors to the decay heat in reactors. In addition, Rb-91 was used as a normalization point in direct measurements of mean gamma energies released in the beta decay of fission products by Rudstam et al. assuming that this decaywas well known from high-resolution measurements. Our results show that both decays were suffering from the Pandemoniummore » effect and that the results of Rudstam et al. should be renormalized. The relative impact of the studied decays in the prediction of the decay heat and antineutrino spectrum from reactors has been evaluated.« less

  16. In Search of Decay in Verbal Short-Term Memory

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Berman, Marc G.; Jonides, John; Lewis, Richard L.

    2009-01-01

    Is forgetting in the short term due to decay with the mere passage of time, interference from other memoranda, or both? Past research on short-term memory has revealed some evidence for decay and a plethora of evidence showing that short-term memory is worsened by interference. However, none of these studies has directly contrasted decay and…

  17. Decay not serious in northern red oak

    Treesearch

    Frederick H. Berry; John A. Beaton

    1971-01-01

    A study of 114 northern red oak, Quercus rubra, indicated that decay is not serious during the time necessary to produce high-quality saw logs and veneer logs. Two heart-rot fungi, Poria oleraceae and P. cocos, accounted for almost 25 percent of the total decay volume in the study trees. Basal fire wounds, dead...

  18. Decay in yellow-poplar, maple, black gum, and ash in the central hardwood region

    Treesearch

    Frederick H. Berry

    1977-01-01

    In a study of decay in yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), black gum (Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.), and ash (Fraxinus spp.) in the central hardwood region, decay was found in 57 of 148 study trees. Extent of...

  19. Three-Phased Wake Vortex Decay

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Proctor, Fred H.; Ahmad, Nashat N.; Switzer, George S.; LimonDuparcmeur, Fanny M.

    2010-01-01

    A detailed parametric study is conducted that examines vortex decay within turbulent and stratified atmospheres. The study uses a large eddy simulation model to simulate the out-of-ground effect behavior of wake vortices due to their interaction with atmospheric turbulence and thermal stratification. This paper presents results from a parametric investigation and suggests improvements for existing fast-time wake prediction models. This paper also describes a three-phased decay for wake vortices. The third phase is characterized by a relatively slow rate of circulation decay, and is associated with the ringvortex stage that occurs following vortex linking. The three-phased decay is most prevalent for wakes imbedded within environments having low-turbulence and near-neutral stratification.

  20. Feasibility of observing the α decay chains from isotopes of SHN with Z = 128, Z = 126, Z = 124 and Z = 122

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Santhosh, K. P.; Priyanka, B.; Nithya, C.

    2016-11-01

    Within the Coulomb and proximity potential model for deformed nuclei (CPPMDN), the alpha decay properties of 34 isotopes of the superheavy nuclei with Z = 128 within the range 306 ≤ A ≤ 339 have been studied, considering both the parent and daughter nuclei to be deformed. The manuscript also deals with the decay properties of the isotopes of Z = 126 (within 288 ≤ A ≤ 339), Z = 124 (within 284 ≤ A ≤ 339) and Z = 122 (within 280 ≤ A ≤ 339). The alpha decay half lives thus evaluated have been compared with the values evaluated using other theoretical models and it was seen that, our theoretical alpha decay half lives match well with these values. Through the present study, we have underlined and have established the fact that, among the 192 isotopes considered in the present study, only those isotopes 321-324,328-335128, 318-320,323-327126, 305-308,315-322124 and 298-307,311-314122 can be synthesised and detected through alpha decay in laboratory. As the alpha decay half lives of these superheavy isotopes lie within the experimental limits, we hope these predictions, on the decay modes of these unknown nuclei, to pave the way for the future experiments. The proton separation energy calculations on 306-339128, 288-336126, 284-339124 and 280-339122 superheavy nuclei have also been done and the study revealed the probable proton emitters among these nuclei.

  1. Competing decay modes of a high-spin isomer in the proton-unbound nucleus ¹⁵⁸Ta*

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Carroll, R. J.; Page, R. D.; Joss, D. T.

    2015-01-01

    An isomeric state at high spin and excitation energy was recently observed in the proton-unbound nucleus 158Ta. This state was observed to decay by both α and γ decay modes. The large spin change required to decay via γ-ray emission incurs a lifetime long enough for α decay to compete. The α decay has an energy of 8644(11) keV, which is among the highest observed in the region, a partial half-life of 440(70) μs and changes the spin by 11ℏ. In this study, additional evidence supporting the assignment of this α decay to the high-spin isomer in 158Ta will bemore » presented.« less

  2. Tunneling decay of false vortices with gravitation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dupuis, Éric; Gobeil, Yan; Lee, Bum-Hoon; Lee, Wonwoo; MacKenzie, Richard; Paranjape, Manu B.; Yajnik, Urjit A.; Yeom, Dong-han

    2017-11-01

    We study the effect of vortices on the tunneling decay of a symmetry-breaking false vacuum in three spacetime dimensions with gravity. The scenario considered is one in which the initial state, rather than being the homogeneous false vacuum, contains false vortices. The question addressed is whether, and, if so, under which circumstances, the presence of vortices has a significant catalyzing effect on vacuum decay. After studying the existence and properties of vortices, we study their decay rate through quantum tunneling using a variety of techniques. In particular, for so-called thin-wall vortices we devise a one-parameter family of configurations allowing a quantum-mechanical calculation of tunneling. Also for thin-wall vortices, we employ the Israel junction conditions between the interior and exterior spacetimes. Matching these two spacetimes reveals a decay channel which results in an unstable, expanding vortex. We find that the tunneling exponent for vortices, which is the dominant factor in the decay rate, is half that for Coleman-de Luccia bubbles. This implies that vortices are short-lived, making them cosmologically significant even for low vortex densities. In the limit of the vanishing gravitational constant we smoothly recover our earlier results for the decay of the false vortex in a model without gravity.

  3. Free-decay time-domain modal identification for large space structures

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kim, Hyoung M.; Vanhorn, David A.; Doiron, Harold H.

    1992-01-01

    Concept definition studies for the Modal Identification Experiment (MIE), a proposed space flight experiment for the Space Station Freedom (SSF), have demonstrated advantages and compatibility of free-decay time-domain modal identification techniques with the on-orbit operational constraints of large space structures. Since practical experience with modal identification using actual free-decay responses of large space structures is very limited, several numerical and test data reduction studies were conducted. Major issues and solutions were addressed, including closely-spaced modes, wide frequency range of interest, data acquisition errors, sampling delay, excitation limitations, nonlinearities, and unknown disturbances during free-decay data acquisition. The data processing strategies developed in these studies were applied to numerical simulations of the MIE, test data from a deployable truss, and launch vehicle flight data. Results of these studies indicate free-decay time-domain modal identification methods can provide accurate modal parameters necessary to characterize the structural dynamics of large space structures.

  4. Doubling the Spectrum of Time-Domain Induced Polarization: Removal of Harmonic Noise and Self-Potential Drift

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fiandaca, G.; Olsson, P. I.; Auken, E.; Larsen, J. J.; Maurya, P. K.; Dahlin, T.

    2015-12-01

    The extraction of spectral information in the inversion process of time-domain (TD) induced polarization (IP) data is changing the use of the IP method. Data interpretation is evolving from a qualitative description of the soil, able only to discriminate the presence of contrasts in chargeability parameters, towards a quantitative analysis of the investigated media, which allows soil-type characterization. Two major limitations restrict the extraction of the spectral information of TDIP data in the field: i) the difficulty of acquiring reliable early-time measurements, in the millisecond range and ii) the self-potential drift in the measured potentials distorting the shape of the late time IP decays, in the second range. For measuring at early-times, we developed a new method for removing the powerline noise contained in the data through a model-based approach, localizing the fundamental frequency of the powerline signal in the full-waveform IP recordings. By this, we cancel both the fundamental signal and its harmonics. This noise cancellation allows the use of earlier and narrower gates, down to a few milliseconds after the current turn-off. Even earlier gates can be measured but they will be inductively "contaminated" which we at present want to avoid. A proper removal of the self-potential drift present between the potential electrodes is essential for preserving the shape of the TD decays, especially for late times. Usually constant or linear drift-removal algorithms are used, but these algorithms fail in removing the background potentials due to the polarization of the electrodes previously used for current injection. We developed a drift-removal scheme that model the polarization effect and efficiently allows for preserving the shape of the IP decays. The removal of both the harmonic noise and self-potential drift allows for doubling the usable range of TDIP data to more than three decades in time (corresponding to three decays in frequency), and will significantly advance the science and the applicability of the IP method in exploration and environmental geophysics.

  5. Vibrational spectroscopy of water in hydrated lipid multi-bilayers. I. Infrared spectra and ultrafast pump-probe observables.

    PubMed

    Gruenbaum, S M; Skinner, J L

    2011-08-21

    The vibrational spectroscopy of hydration water in dilauroylphosphatidylcholine lipid multi-bilayers is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations and a mixed quantum/classical model for the OD stretch spectroscopy of dilute HDO in H(2)O. FTIR absorption spectra, and isotropic and anisotropic pump-probe decay curves have been measured experimentally as a function of the hydration level of the lipid multi-bilayer, and our goal is to make connection with these experiments. To this end, we use third-order response functions, which allow us to include non-Gaussian frequency fluctuations, non-Condon effects, molecular rotations, and a fluctuating vibrational lifetime, all of which we believe are important for this system. We calculate the response functions using existing transition frequency and dipole maps. From the experiments it appears that there are two distinct vibrational lifetimes corresponding to HDO molecules in different molecular environments. In order to obtain these lifetimes, we consider a simple two-population model for hydration water hydrogen bonds. Assuming a different lifetime for each population, we then calculate the isotropic pump-probe decay, fitting to experiment to obtain the two lifetimes for each hydration level. With these lifetimes in hand, we then calculate FTIR spectra and pump-probe anisotropy decay as a function of hydration. This approach, therefore, permits a consistent calculation of all observables within a unified computational scheme. Our theoretical results are all in qualitative agreement with experiment. The vibrational lifetime of lipid-associated OD groups is found to be systematically shorter than that of the water-associated population, and the lifetimes of each population increase with decreasing hydration, in agreement with previous analysis. Our theoretical FTIR absorption spectra successfully reproduce the experimentally observed red-shift with decreasing lipid hydration, and we confirm a previous interpretation that this shift results from the hydrogen bonding of water to the lipid phosphate group. From the pump-probe anisotropy decay, we confirm that the reorientational motions of water molecules slow significantly as hydration decreases, with water bound in the lipid carbonyl region undergoing the slowest rotations. © 2011 American Institute of Physics

  6. Vibrational spectroscopy of water in hydrated lipid multi-bilayers. I. Infrared spectra and ultrafast pump-probe observables

    PubMed Central

    Gruenbaum, S. M.; Skinner, J. L.

    2011-01-01

    The vibrational spectroscopy of hydration water in dilauroylphosphatidylcholine lipid multi-bilayers is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations and a mixed quantum∕classical model for the OD stretch spectroscopy of dilute HDO in H2O. FTIR absorption spectra, and isotropic and anisotropic pump-probe decay curves have been measured experimentally as a function of the hydration level of the lipid multi-bilayer, and our goal is to make connection with these experiments. To this end, we use third-order response functions, which allow us to include non-Gaussian frequency fluctuations, non-Condon effects, molecular rotations, and a fluctuating vibrational lifetime, all of which we believe are important for this system. We calculate the response functions using existing transition frequency and dipole maps. From the experiments it appears that there are two distinct vibrational lifetimes corresponding to HDO molecules in different molecular environments. In order to obtain these lifetimes, we consider a simple two-population model for hydration water hydrogen bonds. Assuming a different lifetime for each population, we then calculate the isotropic pump-probe decay, fitting to experiment to obtain the two lifetimes for each hydration level. With these lifetimes in hand, we then calculate FTIR spectra and pump-probe anisotropy decay as a function of hydration. This approach, therefore, permits a consistent calculation of all observables within a unified computational scheme. Our theoretical results are all in qualitative agreement with experiment. The vibrational lifetime of lipid-associated OD groups is found to be systematically shorter than that of the water-associated population, and the lifetimes of each population increase with decreasing hydration, in agreement with previous analysis. Our theoretical FTIR absorption spectra successfully reproduce the experimentally observed red-shift with decreasing lipid hydration, and we confirm a previous interpretation that this shift results from the hydrogen bonding of water to the lipid phosphate group. From the pump-probe anisotropy decay, we confirm that the reorientational motions of water molecules slow significantly as hydration decreases, with water bound in the lipid carbonyl region undergoing the slowest rotations. PMID:21861584

  7. Laboratory evaluation of borate:amine:copper derivatives In wood for fungal decay protection

    Treesearch

    George Chen

    2011-01-01

    This study aimed to evaluate borate:amine:copper derivatives in wood for fungal decay protection as well as the permanence of copper and boron in wood. Each of four derivatives of borate:amine:copper prevented fungal decay in wood. Disodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax):amine:copper derivatives with 0.61-0.63% retention after water leaching prevented decay by...

  8. Ring current proton decay by charge exchange

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Smith, P. H.; Hoffman, R. A.; Fritz, T.

    1975-01-01

    Explorer 45 measurements during the recovery phase of a moderate magnetic storm have confirmed that the charge exchange decay mechanism can account for the decay of the storm-time proton ring current. Data from the moderate magnetic storm of 24 February 1972 was selected for study since a symmetrical ring current had developed and effects due to asymmetric ring current losses could be eliminated. It was found that after the initial rapid decay of the proton flux, the equatorially mirroring protons in the energy range 5 to 30 keV decayed throughout the L-value range of 3.5 to 5.0 at the charge exchange decay rate calculated by Liemohn. After several days of decay, the proton fluxes reached a lower limit where an apparent equilibrium was maintained, between weak particle source mechanisms and the loss mechanisms, until fresh protons were injected into the ring current region during substorms. While other proton loss mechanisms may also be operating, the results indicate that charge exchange can entirely account for the storm-time proton ring current decay, and that this mechanism must be considered in all studies involving the loss of proton ring current particles.

  9. Positive association between sugar consumption and dental decay prevalence independent of oral hygiene in pre-school children: a longitudinal prospective study.

    PubMed

    Skafida, V; Chambers, S

    2017-12-29

    Few studies explore how the longitudinal cumulative and combined effects of dietary habits and oral hygiene habits relate to dental decay in very young children. Using longitudinal survey data, logistic regression models were specified to predict dental decay by age 5. Predictor variables included questions on diet and oral hygiene from ages 2 to 5. Compared to mainly eating meals, children who snacked all day but had no real meals had a higher chance of dental decay (odds ratios (OR) = 2.32). There was an incremental association between a decreasing frequency of toothbrushing at age 2 and higher chances of dental decay at age 5 (OR range from 1.39 to 2.17). Among children eating sweets or chocolate more frequently (once/day or more), toothbrushing more often (once/day; twice/day or more) reduced the chance of decay (OR of 2.11-2.26 compared to OR 3.60 for the least frequent brushing group). Compared to mothers in managerial and professional occupations, those who had never worked had children with a much higher chance of decay (OR = 3.47). This study has shown that toothbrushing can only in part attenuate the association between snacking and long term sugar consumption on dental decay outcomes in children under 5. © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health.

  10. Decaying and growing eigenmodes in open quantum systems: Biorthogonality and the Petermann factor

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lee, Soo-Young

    2009-10-15

    We study the biorthogonality between decaying and growing eigenmodes in one-dimensional potential barrier problems. It is shown that Petermann factors K{sub n} of the eigenmodes, a measure of nonorthogonality, are involved in decaying mechanism of an initially confined particle. We also show that the decay tail of the growing modes at an exceptional point (EP), where K{sub n} become infinite, is not exponential, but {approx}t{sup 2}e{sup -{gamma}{sub EP}t}, {gamma}{sub EP} the decay rate of the decaying mode at EP. In addition, the geometrical phase near an EP is illustrated by the evolution of wave function.

  11. Progress in alternative neutron detection to address the helium-3 shortage

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kouzes, Richard T.; Lintereur, Azaree T.; Siciliano, Edward R.

    2015-06-01

    One of the main uses for 3He is in gas proportional counters for neutron detection. Such detectors are used at neutron scattering science facilities and in radiation portal monitors deployed for homeland security and non-proliferation applications. Other uses of 3He are for research detectors, commercial instruments, well logging detectors, dilution refrigerators, lung imaging, for targets in nuclear research, and for basic research in condensed matter physics. The supply of 3He comes entirely from the decay of tritium produced for nuclear weapons in the U.S. and Russia. Due to the large increase in use of 3He for science and homeland security (since 2002), the supply could no longer meet the demand. This has led to the development of a number of alternative neutron detection schemes.

  12. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Yu, T. P., E-mail: tongpu@nudt.edu.cn; Shao, F. Q.; Zou, D. B.

    By using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we propose a scheme for strong coupling of a petawatt laser with an opening gold cone filled with near-critical-density plasmas. When relevant parameters are properly chosen, most laser energy can be fully deposited inside the cone with only 10% leaving the tip opening. Due to the asymmetric ponderomotive acceleration by the strongly decayed laser pulse, high-energy-density electrons with net laser energy gain are accumulated inside the cone, which then stream out of the tip opening continuously, like a jet. The jet electrons are fully relativistic, with speeds around 0.98−0.998 c and densities at 10{sup 20}/cm{sup 3}more » level. The jet can keep for a long time over 200 fs, which may have diverse applications in practice.« less

  13. The nuclear structure of 227Fr

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kurcewicz, W.; Grant, I. S.; Gulda, K.; Aas, A. J.; Billowes, J.; Borge, M. J. G.; Burke, D. G.; Butler, P. A.; Cocks, J. F. C.; Fogelberg, B.; Freeman, S. J.; Jones, G. D.; Hagebø, E.; Hoff, P.; Hønsi, J.; Lindroth, A.; Løvhøiden, G.; Mach, H.; Martinez, T.; Naumann, R. A.; Nybø, K.; Nyman, G.; Ravn, H.; Rubio, B.; Simpson, J.; Smith, A. G.; Smith, J. F.; Steffensen, K.; Tain, J. L.; Tengblad, O.; Thorsteinsen, T. F.; Isolde Collaboration

    1997-02-01

    The γ-rays following the β- decay of 227Rn have been investigated by means of γ-ray singles and γγ-coincidence measurements using an array of 12 Compton-suppressed Ge detectors. The fast-timing βγγ( t) method has been used to measure six level lifetimes. Multipolarities of 32 transitions in 227Fr have been established by measuring conversion electrons with a mini-orange electron spectrometer. Most of the observed transitions have been placed in a level scheme comprising 38 excited states of 227Fr. The low-lying levels are interpreted in terms of seven rotational bands. The observed E1 strengths for two transitions connecting the K π = {3}/{2}± bands are consistent with the transitional character of 227Fr, and confirm the presence of octupole correlations in this nucleus.

  14. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kouzes, Richard T.; Lintereur, Azaree T.; Siciliano, Edward R.

    One of the main uses for 3He is in gas proportional counters for neutron detection. Such detectors are used at neutron scattering science facilities and in radiation portal monitors deployed for homeland security and non-proliferation applications. Other uses of 3He are for research detectors, commercial instruments, well logging detectors, dilution refrigerators, lung imaging, for targets in nuclear research, and for basic research in condensed matter physics. The supply of 3He comes entirely from the decay of tritium produced for nuclear weapons in the U.S. and Russia. Due to the large increase in use of 3He for science and homeland securitymore » (since 2002), the supply has dwindled, and can no longer meet the demand. This has led to the development of a number of alternative neutron detection schemes.« less

  15. A weighted ℓ{sub 1}-minimization approach for sparse polynomial chaos expansions

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Peng, Ji; Hampton, Jerrad; Doostan, Alireza, E-mail: alireza.doostan@colorado.edu

    2014-06-15

    This work proposes a method for sparse polynomial chaos (PC) approximation of high-dimensional stochastic functions based on non-adapted random sampling. We modify the standard ℓ{sub 1}-minimization algorithm, originally proposed in the context of compressive sampling, using a priori information about the decay of the PC coefficients, when available, and refer to the resulting algorithm as weightedℓ{sub 1}-minimization. We provide conditions under which we may guarantee recovery using this weighted scheme. Numerical tests are used to compare the weighted and non-weighted methods for the recovery of solutions to two differential equations with high-dimensional random inputs: a boundary value problem with amore » random elliptic operator and a 2-D thermally driven cavity flow with random boundary condition.« less

  16. Production of muons for fusion catalysis using a migma configuration

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chapline, George F.; Moir, Ralph W.

    1988-08-01

    Muon-catalyzed fusion requires a very efficient means of producing muons. We describe a muon-producing magnetic-mirror scheme with triton migma that may be more energy efficient than any heretofore proposed. If one could catalyze 200 fusions per muon and employ a uranium blanket that would multiply the neutron energy by a factor of 10, one might produce electricity with an overall plant efficiency (ratio of electric energy produced to nuclear energy released) approaching 30%. The self-colliding arrangement of triton orbits will result in many π-'s being produced near the axis of the magnetic mirror. The pions quickly decay into muons, which are transported into a small (few cm diameter) reactor chamber producing approximately 1 MW/m2 neutron flux on the chamber walls.

  17. Coulomb bound states of strongly interacting photons

    DOE PAGES

    Maghrebi, M. F.; Gullans, Michael J.; Bienias, P.; ...

    2015-09-16

    We show that two photons coupled to Rydberg states via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can interact via an effective Coulomb potential. The interaction then gives rise to a continuum of two-body bound states. Within the continuum, metastable bound states are distinguished in analogy with quasi-bound states tunneling through a potential barrier. We find multiple branches of metastable bound states whose energy spectrum is governed by the Coulomb problem, thus obtaining a photonic analogue of the hydrogen atom. These states propagate with a negative group velocity in the medium, which allows for a simple preparation and detection scheme, before they slowlymore » decay to pairs of bound Rydberg atoms. As a result, we verify the metastability and backward propagation of these Coulomb bound states with exact numerical simulations.« less

  18. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=241

    DOE PAGES

    Nesaraja, Caroline D.

    2015-11-27

    This paper presents available information pertaining to the nuclear structure of ground and excited states for all known nuclei with mass numbers A=24, which have been compiled and evaluated. The adopted level and decay schemes, as well as the detailed nuclear properties and configuration assignments based on experimental data are presented for these nuclides. When there are insufficient data, expected values from systematics of nuclear properties or/and theoretical calculations are quoted. Unexpected or discrepant experimental results are also noted. A summary and compilation of the discovery of various isotopes in this mass region is given in 2013Fr02 ( 241Np, 241Pu,more » 241Am, 241Cm, 241Bk, and 241Cf), 2011Me01 (241Es), and 2013Th02 ( 241Fm).« less

  19. A new formation control of multiple underactuated surface vessels

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xie, Wenjing; Ma, Baoli; Fernando, Tyrone; Iu, Herbert Ho-Ching

    2018-05-01

    This work investigates a new formation control problem of multiple underactuated surface vessels. The controller design is based on input-output linearisation technique, graph theory, consensus idea and some nonlinear tools. The proposed smooth time-varying distributed control law guarantees that the multiple underactuated surface vessels globally exponentially converge to some desired geometric shape, which is especially centred at the initial average position of vessels. Furthermore, the stability analysis of zero dynamics proves that the orientations of vessels tend to some constants that are dependent on the initial values of vessels, and the velocities and control inputs of the vessels decay to zero. All the results are obtained under the communication scenarios of static directed balanced graph with a spanning tree. Effectiveness of the proposed distributed control scheme is demonstrated using a simulation example.

  20. Leptons from decay of mesons in the laser-induced particle pulse from ultra-dense protium p(0)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Holmlid, Leif

    2016-10-01

    Kaons and pions are observed by their characteristic decay times of 12, 52 and 26 ns after impact of relatively weak ns-long laser pulses on ultra-dense hydrogen H(0), as reported previously. The signal using an ultra-dense protium p(0) generator with natural hydrogen is now studied. Deflection in a weak magnetic field or penetration through metal foils cannot distinguish between the types of decaying mesons. The signals observed are thus not caused by the decaying mesons themselves, but by the fast particles often at >50MeV u-1 formed in their decay. The fast particles are concluded to be mainly muons from their relatively small magnetic deflection and strong penetration. This is further supported by published studies on the direct observation of the beta decay of muons in scintillators and solid converters using the same type of p(0) generator.

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