The Dimensionality of Reasoning: Inductive and Deductive Inference can be Explained by a Single Process.

PubMed

Hayes, Brett K; Stephens, Rachel G; Ngo, Jeremy; Dunn, John C

2018-02-01

Three-experiments examined the number of qualitatively different processing dimensions needed to account for inductive and deductive reasoning. In each study, participants were presented with arguments that varied in logical validity and consistency with background knowledge (believability), and evaluated them according to deductive criteria (whether the conclusion was necessarily true given the premises) or inductive criteria (whether the conclusion was plausible given the premises). We examined factors including working memory load (Experiments 1 and 2), individual working memory capacity (Experiments 1 and 2), and decision time (Experiment 3), which according to dual-processing theories, modulate the contribution of heuristic and analytic processes to reasoning. A number of empirical dissociations were found. Argument validity affected deduction more than induction. Argument believability affected induction more than deduction. Lower working memory capacity reduced sensitivity to argument validity and increased sensitivity to argument believability, especially under induction instructions. Reduced decision time led to decreased sensitivity to argument validity. State-trace analyses of each experiment, however, found that only a single underlying dimension was required to explain patterns of inductive and deductive judgments. These results show that the dissociations, which have traditionally been seen as supporting dual-processing models of reasoning, are consistent with a single-process model that assumes a common evidentiary scale for induction and deduction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

The Impact of Consumer-Directed Health Plans and Patient Socioeconomic Status on Physician Recommendations for Colorectal Cancer Screening

PubMed Central

Mallya, Giridhar; Polsky, Daniel

2008-01-01

Background Consumer-directed health plans are increasingly common, yet little is known about their impact on physician decision-making and preventive service use. Objective To determine how patients’ deductible levels and socioeconomic status may affect primary care physicians’ recommendations for colorectal cancer screening. Design, Setting, and Participants Screening recommendations were elicited using hypothetical vignettes from a national sample of 1,500 primary care physicians. Physicians were randomized to one of four vignettes describing a patient with either low or high socioeconomic status (SES) and either low- or high-deductible plan. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine how recommendations varied as a function of SES and deductible. Outcome Measures Rates of recommendation for home fecal occult blood testing, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and inappropriate screening, defined as no screening or office-based fecal occult blood testing. Results A total of 528 (49%) eligible physicians responded. Overall, 7.2% of physicians recommended inappropriate screening; 3.2% of patients with high SES in low-deductible plans received inappropriate screening recommendations and 11.4% of patients with low SES in high-deductible plans for an adjusted odds ratio of 0.22 (0.05–0.89). The odds of a colonoscopy recommendation were over ten times higher (AOR 11.46, 5.26–24.94) for patients with high SES in low-deductible plans compared to patients with low SES in high-deductible plans. Funds in medical savings accounts eliminated differences in inappropriate screening recommendations. Conclusions Patient SES and deductible-level affect physician recommendations for preventive care. Coverage of preventive services and funds in medical savings accounts may help to mitigate the impact of high-deductibles and SES on inappropriate recommendations. PMID:18629590

Registered nurses views of caring in coronary care--a deductive and inductive content analysis.

PubMed

Andersson, Ewa K; Sjöström-Strand, Annica; Willman, Ania; Borglin, Gunilla

2015-12-01

To extend nurses' descriptions of how they understood caring, as reflected in the findings of an earlier study (i.e. the hierarchical outcome space) and to gain additional understandings and perspectives of nurses' views of caring in relation to a coronary care patient case. Scientific literature from the 1970s-1990s contains descriptions of caring in nursing. In contrast, the contemporary literature on this topic--particularly in the context of coronary care--is very sparse, and the few studies that do contain descriptions rarely do so from the perspective of nurses. Qualitative descriptive study. Twenty-one nurses were interviewed using the stimulated recall interview technique. The data were analysed using deductive and inductive qualitative content analysis. The results of the iterative and integrated content analysis showed that the data mainly reproduced the content of the hierarchical outcome space describing how nurses could understand caring; however, in the outcome space, the relationship broke up (i.e. flipped). The nurses' views of caring could now also be understood as: person-centredness 'lurking' in the shadows; limited 'potential' for safeguarding patients' best interests; counselling as virtually the 'only' nursing intervention; and caring preceded by the 'almighty' context. Their views offered alternative and, at times, contrasting perspectives of caring, thereby adding to our understanding of it. Caring was described as operating somewhere between the nurses caring values and the contextual conditions in which caring occurred. This challenged their ability to sustain caring in accordance with their values and the patients' preferences. To ensure that the essentials of caring are met at all times, nurses need to plan and deliver caring in a systematic way. The use of systematic structures in caring, as the nursing process, can help nurses to work in a person-centred way, while sustaining their professional values. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

26 CFR 1.168(k)-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Table of contents. 1.168(k)-0 Section 1.168(k)-0...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Itemized Deductions for Individuals and Corporations § 1.168(k)-0 Table of contents. This section lists the headings that appear in § 1.168(k)-1. § 1.168(k)-1Additional first year...

26 CFR 1.168(k)-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Table of contents. 1.168(k)-0 Section 1.168(k)-0...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Itemized Deductions for Individuals and Corporations § 1.168(k)-0 Table of contents. This section lists the headings that appear in § 1.168(k)-1. § 1.168(k)-1Additional first year...

26 CFR 1.168(k)-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Table of contents. 1.168(k)-0 Section 1.168(k)-0...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Itemized Deductions for Individuals and Corporations § 1.168(k)-0 Table of contents. This section lists the headings that appear in § 1.168(k)-1. § 1.168(k)-1Additional first year...

26 CFR 1.168(k)-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Table of contents. 1.168(k)-0 Section 1.168(k)-0...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Itemized Deductions for Individuals and Corporations § 1.168(k)-0 Table of contents. This section lists the headings that appear in § 1.168(k)-1. § 1.168(k)-1Additional first year...

26 CFR 1.168(k)-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Table of contents. 1.168(k)-0 Section 1.168(k)-0...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Itemized Deductions for Individuals and Corporations § 1.168(k)-0 Table of contents. This section lists the headings that appear in § 1.168(k)-1. § 1.168(k)-1Additional first year...

26 CFR 1.280H-0T - Table of contents (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 1.280H-0T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Items Not Deductible § 1.280H-0T Table of contents (temporary). This...) Example. (3) 3-year average test. (i) In general. (ii) Applicable percentage. (iii) Adjusted taxable...

26 CFR 1.280H-0T - Table of contents (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 1.280H-0T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Items Not Deductible § 1.280H-0T Table of contents (temporary...) In general. (ii) Example. (3) 3-year average test. (i) In general. (ii) Applicable percentage. (iii...

Connecting Formal and Content Schemata: Some Results of Recent Work in Semiotics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oller, John W., Jr.

This paper expands on schematic theory through a review of recent work in the field of semiotics. Content and formal schemata are shown to be grounded respectively in perceptual (abductive) and indexical (inductive) strategies of inference. A third kind of schemata is based on deductive generalization and referred to as abstract schemata. All…

26 CFR 1.468A-0T - Nuclear decommissioning costs; table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Nuclear decommissioning costs; table of contents... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Taxable Year for Which Deductions Taken § 1.468A-0T Nuclear...) Definitions. (c) Special rules applicable to certain experimental nuclear facilities. § 1.468A-2TTreatment of...

The use of the bi-factor model to test the uni-dimensionality of a battery of reasoning tests.

PubMed

Primi, Ricardo; Rocha da Silva, Marjorie Cristina; Rodrigues, Priscila; Muniz, Monalisa; Almeida, Leandro S

2013-02-01

The Battery of Reasoning Tests 5 (BPR-5) aims to assess the reasoning ability of individuals, using sub-tests with different formats and contents that require basic processes of inductive and deductive reasoning for their resolution. The BPR has three sequential forms: BPR-5i (for children from first to fifth grade), BPR-5 - Form A (for children from sixth to eighth grade) and BPR-5 - form B (for high school and undergraduate students). The present study analysed 412 questionnaires concerning BPR-5i, 603 questionnaires concerning BPR-5 - Form A and 1748 questionnaires concerning BPR-5 - Form B. The main goal was to test the uni-dimensionality of the battery and its tests in relation to items using the bi-factor model. Results suggest that the g factor loadings (extracted by the uni-dimensional model) do not change when the data is adjusted for a more flexible multi-factor model (bi-factor model). A general reasoning factor underlying different contents items is supported.

24 CFR 598.215 - What are the purpose and content of the strategic plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... preserve the environment and historic landmarks, address “brownfields” clean-up and redevelopment, explore..., Environmental Cleanup Cost Deduction (i.e., “Brownfields Tax Incentive”), and the Work Opportunity Tax Credit...

24 CFR 598.215 - What are the purpose and content of the strategic plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... preserve the environment and historic landmarks, address “brownfields” clean-up and redevelopment, explore..., Environmental Cleanup Cost Deduction (i.e., “Brownfields Tax Incentive”), and the Work Opportunity Tax Credit...

24 CFR 598.215 - What are the purpose and content of the strategic plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... preserve the environment and historic landmarks, address “brownfields” clean-up and redevelopment, explore..., Environmental Cleanup Cost Deduction (i.e., “Brownfields Tax Incentive”), and the Work Opportunity Tax Credit...

Student Teachers’ Proof Schemes on Proof Tasks Involving Inequality: Deductive or Inductive?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosyidi, A. H.; Kohar, A. W.

2018-01-01

Exploring student teachers’ proof ability is crucial as it is important for improving the quality of their learning process and help their future students learn how to construct a proof. Hence, this study aims at exploring at the proof schemes of student teachers in the beginning of their studies. Data were collected from 130 proofs resulted by 65 Indonesian student teachers on two proof tasks involving algebraic inequality. To analyse, the proofs were classified into the refined proof schemes level proposed by Lee (2016) ranging from inductive, which only provides irrelevant inferences, to deductive proofs, which consider addressing formal representation. Findings present several examples of each of Lee’s level on the student teachers’ proofs spanning from irrelevant inferences, novice use of examples or logical reasoning, strategic use examples for reasoning, deductive inferences with major and minor logical coherence, and deductive proof with informal and formal representation. Besides, it was also found that more than half of the students’ proofs coded as inductive schemes, which does not meet the requirement for doing the proof for the proof tasks examined in this study. This study suggests teacher educators in teacher colleges to reform the curriculum regarding proof learning which can accommodate the improvement of student teachers’ proving ability from inductive to deductive proof as well from informal to formal proof.

Epilepsy monitoring - The patients' views: A qualitative study based on Kolcaba's Comfort Theory.

PubMed

Egger-Rainer, Andrea; Trinka, Eugen; Höfler, Julia; Dieplinger, Anna Maria

2017-03-01

The aim of this qualitative study was to determine which perception of personal comfort patients name in the context of their hospitalization in an Austrian Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU). Problem-centred interviews with twelve inpatients were conducted. Data analyses were done according to Mayring's qualitative content analyses following the technique of structuring-deductive category assignment. Patients experienced different kinds of comfort along with their hospitalization in the EMU. Comfort-decreasing factors were bed rest, boredom, and waiting for possible seizures. As comfort-increasing factors, hope for enhanced seizure control, support by family and staff, and intelligible information about the necessity of restrictive conditions were identified. The study results should assist health care professionals, enabling them to design comfort enhancing interventions for patients undergoing video-electroencephalography (EEG) investigations in an EMU. Some of these seem to be simple and obtainable without high financial or technical effort. Others are more complex and have to be further assessed for their feasibility. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 96.185 - CAIR opt-in permit contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... certification in § 96.183(a)(2); (3) The unit's baseline heat input under § 96.184(c); (4) The unit's baseline... FF or GG of this part or this subpart, every allocation, transfer, or deduction of CAIR NOX...

Deduction as Stochastic Simulation

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-07-01

different tokens representing entities that it contains. The second parameter constrains the contents of a model, and in particular the different...of premises. In summary, the system manipulates stochastically the size, the contents , and the revisions of models. We now describe in detail each...9 10 0. 0 0. 1 0. 2 0. 3 λ = 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0. 0 0. 1 0. 2 0. 3 λ = 5 The contents of a mental model (parameter ε) The second component

19 CFR 151.55 - Deductions for loss during processing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... loss of copper, lead, or zinc content during processing, as authorized by Chapter 26, Additional U.S... refining warehouses. [T.D. 73-175, 38 FR 17470, July 2, 1973, as amended by T.D. 89-1, 53 FR 51269, Dec. 21...

19 CFR 151.55 - Deductions for loss during processing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... loss of copper, lead, or zinc content during processing, as authorized by Chapter 26, Additional U.S... refining warehouses. [T.D. 73-175, 38 FR 17470, July 2, 1973, as amended by T.D. 89-1, 53 FR 51269, Dec. 21...

A cross-cultural perspective of parental influence on female adolescents' achievement beliefs and behaviors in sport and school domains.

PubMed

Bhalla, Jennifer A; Weiss, Maureen R

2010-12-01

Little is known about parental socialization processes for youth participants from different cultural backgrounds. The purpose of this study was to examine parental influence on self-perceptions, task values, and achievement behaviors among female adolescents from two cultures using Eccles' expectancy-value theory (Eccles et al., 1983). Twelve Anglo Canadian and nine East Indian female adolescents were interviewed about perceptions of parental influence on expectancy-value constructs for sport and academic domains. Inductive and deductive content analyses were performed to identify lower and higher order themes from interview responses. Similarities and differences in perceived parental influence emerged for girls of both cultural groups and in both domains. Our findings support links among expectancy-value constructs and highlight cultural variations in parental socialization of achievement cognitions and behaviors in multiple domains.

Payroll Records, Business Education: 7734.31.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitz, Rochelle

This brief pamphlet offers a course description to acquaint students with different types of payroll records, and provides experience in the preparation of time cards, the use of charts to figure taxes, making deductions, and completing records to government requirements. Enrollment guidelines; objectives; course content; procedures; learning…

26 CFR 1.56(g)-0 - Table of Contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Treatment of death benefits. (vi) Other rules. (A) Term life insurance contracts without net surrender... for adjusted current earnings. (5) General rule for applying Internal Revenue Code provisions in...) Property subject to new ACRS. (i) In general. (ii) Rules for computing the depreciation deduction. (iii...

Some General Goals in Teaching Statistics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blalock, H. M.

1987-01-01

States that regardless of the content or level of a statistics course, five goals to reach are: (1) overcoming fears, resistances, and tendencies to memorize; (2) the importance of intellectual honesty and integrity; (3) understanding relationship between deductive and inductive inferences; (4) learning to play role of reasonable critic; and (5)…

Effects of the provisions of the corporate and personal income tax codes on solar investment decisions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sedmak, M. R.

The effects of the provisions of the existing corporate and personal income tax codes on solar investment decisions are analyzed. It is shown that the provisions of a tax code do not discriminate against investment in solar technologies if the present value of depreciation and interest expense tax deductions over the relevant decision period is equal to the present value of actual capital expenses. However, on the basis of a quantitative analyses, it is concluded that the existing corporate income tax code does discriminate against solar investments for the majority of corporations, although the 25 percent tax credit available to businesses for solar investments is sufficient to alleviate the distortion in most cases. In contrast, the provisions of the existing personal income tax code favor solar investments over investments in less capital intensive energy generating units, as the interest paid on loads used to finance solar investments made by individuals is tax deductible, while conventional fuel expenses are not deductible.

Maintaining gender sensitivity in the family practice: facilitators and barriers.

PubMed

Celik, Halime; Lagro-Janssen, Toine; Klinge, Ineke; van der Weijden, Trudy; Widdershoven, Guy

2009-12-01

This study aims to identify the facilitators and barriers perceived by General Practitioners (GPs) to maintain a gender perspective in family practice. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted among nine pairs of GPs. The data were analysed by means of deductive content analysis using theory-based methods to generate facilitators and barriers to gender sensitivity. Gender sensitivity in family practice can be influenced by several factors which ultimately determine the extent to which a gender sensitive approach is satisfactorily practiced by GPs in the doctor-patient relationship. Gender awareness, repetition and reminders, motivation triggers and professional guidelines were found to facilitate gender sensitivity. On the other hand, lacking skills and routines, scepticism, heavy workload and the timing of implementation were found to be barriers to gender sensitivity. While the potential effect of each factor affecting gender sensitivity in family practice has been elucidated, the effects of the interplay between these factors still need to be determined.

Effect of cost-sharing reductions on preventive service use among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries.

PubMed

Goodwin, Suzanne M; Anderson, Gerard F

2012-01-01

Section 4104 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) waives previous cost-sharing requirements for many Medicare-covered preventive services. In 1997, Congress passed similar legislation waiving the deductible only for mammograms and Pap smears. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the deductible waiver on mammogram and Pap smear utilization rates. Using 1995-2003 Medicare claims from a sample of female, elderly Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, two pre/post analyses were conducted comparing mammogram and Pap smear utilization rates before and after implementation of the deductible waiver. Receipt of screening mammograms and Pap smears served as the outcome measures, and two time measures, representing two post-test observation periods, were used to examine the short- and long-term impacts on utilization. There was a 20 percent short-term and a 25 percent longer term increase in the probability of having had a mammogram in the four years following the 1997 deductible waiver. Beneficiaries were no more likely to receive a Pap smear following the deductible waiver. Elimination of cost sharing may be an effective strategy for increasing preventive service use, but the impact could depend on the characteristics of the procedure, its cost, and the disease and populations it targets. These historical findings suggest that, with implementation of Section 4104, the greatest increases in utilization will be seen for preventive services that screen for diseases with high incidence or prevalence rates that increase with age, that are expensive, and that are performed on a frequent basis.

Minority Students' Psychological Adjustment in the School Context: An Integrative Review of Qualitative Research on Acculturation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Makarova, Elena; Birman, Dina

2016-01-01

The present study aims at systematically analyzing the findings reported in qualitative research on acculturation and psychological adjustment in the school context. Content analysis was conducted using the deductively developed and inductively enriched system of categories. The results of the study provide insights into youths' acculturation and…

Proof Problems with Diagrams: An Opportunity for Experiencing Proofs and Refutations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Komatsu, Kotaro; Tsujiyama, Yosuke; Sakamaki, Aruta; Koike, Norio

2014-01-01

It has become gradually accepted that proof and proving are essential at all grades of mathematical learning. Among the various aspects of proof and proving, this study addresses proofs and refutations described by Lakatos, in particular a part of increasing content by deductive guessing, to introduce an authentic process into mathematics…

The Pedagogical Foundations of Primary School Inspector Leonor Serrano (1914-1939)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ortells Roca, Miguel; Traver Martí, Juan

2018-01-01

This article aims to reconstruct the pedagogy of Leonor Serrano, a Spanish school inspector working and developing her theories between 1914 and 1939. We use an interrogative-analytical methodology based on content analysis of her texts to reconstruct her educational theory. The theoretical deductive elements are uncovered in the analysis of the…

Analysis of Lyrics from Group Songwriting with Bereaved Children and Adolescents.

PubMed

Fiore, Jennifer

2016-01-01

Songwriting is a group intervention that is often used to help bereaved children and adolescents express thoughts and feelings associated with grief experiences. Few studies have examined the lyrical content of songs written by bereaved children/adolescents and how thematic content may vary by age and developmental understanding of death. The purpose of this study was to determine whether experiences of songwriting and lyrical content of songs written by children and adolescents participating in a bereavement camp vary by age. Thirty-three participants, ages 6-16, were grouped according to age (child, tween, or teen) and asked to write a group song. Analysis of song lyrics was based on both inductive and deductive content analysis processes. A seven-item questionnaire was also used with the tween and teen groups to gather descriptive information about the songwriting process, including participant views on benefits, enjoyment, and preferences. Analyses revealed a total of five different themes among the three age groups, with two of the five themes present across the age groups. A majority of the participants enjoyed the songwriting process, but no clear indication of preference for verbal or written contribution was determined based on age or gender. The lyric content of the songs varied across the age groups, with the older groups providing more diverse content and demonstrating growth in their understanding of death. Providing participants both written and verbal options to contribute to the songwriting process allows for individual preferences among tweens and teens. © the American Music Therapy Association 2016. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

[Preliminarily application of content analysis to qualitative nursing data].

PubMed

Liang, Shu-Yuan; Chuang, Yeu-Hui; Wu, Shu-Fang

2012-10-01

Content analysis is a methodology for objectively and systematically studying the content of communication in various formats. Content analysis in nursing research and nursing education is called qualitative content analysis. Qualitative content analysis is frequently applied to nursing research, as it allows researchers to determine categories inductively and deductively. This article examines qualitative content analysis in nursing research from theoretical and practical perspectives. We first describe how content analysis concepts such as unit of analysis, meaning unit, code, category, and theme are used. Next, we describe the basic steps involved in using content analysis, including data preparation, data familiarization, analysis unit identification, creating tentative coding categories, category refinement, and establishing category integrity. Finally, this paper introduces the concept of content analysis rigor, including dependability, confirmability, credibility, and transferability. This article elucidates the content analysis method in order to help professionals conduct systematic research that generates data that are informative and useful in practical application.

Perspectives from deductible plan enrollees: plan knowledge and anticipated care-seeking changes.

PubMed

Reed, Mary; Benedetti, Nancy; Brand, Richard; Newhouse, Joseph P; Hsu, John

2009-12-29

Consumer directed health care proposes that patients will engage as informed consumers of health care services by sharing in more of their medical costs, often through deductibles. We examined knowledge of deductible plan details among new enrollees, as well as anticipated care-seeking changes in response to the deductible. In a large integrated delivery system with a range of deductible-based health plans which varied in services included or exempted from deductible, we conducted a mixed-method, cross-sectional telephone interview study. Among 458 adults newly enrolled in a deductible plan (71% response rate), 51% knew they had a deductible, 26% knew the deductible amount, and 6% knew which medical services were included or exempted from their deductible. After adjusting for respondent characteristics, those with more deductible-applicable services and those with lower self-reported health status were significantly more likely to know they had a deductible. Among those who knew of their deductible, half anticipated that it would cause them to delay or avoid medical care, including avoiding doctor's office visits and medical tests, even services that they believed were medically necessary. Many expressed concern about their costs, anticipating the inability to afford care and expressing the desire to change plans. Early in their experience with a deductible, patients had limited awareness of the deductible and little knowledge of the details. Many who knew of the deductible reported that it would cause them to delay or avoid seeking care and were concerned about their healthcare costs.

Methodological challenges in qualitative content analysis: A discussion paper.

PubMed

Graneheim, Ulla H; Lindgren, Britt-Marie; Lundman, Berit

2017-09-01

This discussion paper is aimed to map content analysis in the qualitative paradigm and explore common methodological challenges. We discuss phenomenological descriptions of manifest content and hermeneutical interpretations of latent content. We demonstrate inductive, deductive, and abductive approaches to qualitative content analysis, and elaborate on the level of abstraction and degree of interpretation used in constructing categories, descriptive themes, and themes of meaning. With increased abstraction and interpretation comes an increased challenge to demonstrate the credibility and authenticity of the analysis. A key issue is to show the logic in how categories and themes are abstracted, interpreted, and connected to the aim and to each other. Qualitative content analysis is an autonomous method and can be used at varying levels of abstraction and interpretation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Framework for Proofs and Refutations in School Mathematics: Increasing Content by Deductive Guessing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Komatsu, Kotaro

2016-01-01

The process of proofs and refutations described by Lakatos is essential in school mathematics to provide students with an opportunity to experience how mathematical knowledge develops dynamically within the discipline of mathematics. In this paper, a framework for describing student processes of proofs and refutations is constructed using a set of…

A Comparative Analysis of PISA Scientific Literacy Framework in Finnish and Thai Science Curricula

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sothayapetch, Pavinee; Lavonen, Jari; Juuti, Kalle

2013-01-01

A curriculum is a master plan that regulates teaching and learning. This paper compares Finnish and Thai primary school level science curricula to the PISA 2006 Scientific Literacy Framework. Curriculum comparison was made following the procedure of deductive content analysis. In the analysis, there were four main categories adopted from PISA…

26 CFR 15.1-1 - Elections to deduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... (2) Election to deduct under section 615—(i) General rule. The election to deduct exploration... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Elections to deduct. 15.1-1 Section 15.1-1... Elections to deduct. (a) Manner of making election—(1) Election to deduct under section 617(a). The election...

26 CFR 20.2053-10 - Deduction for certain foreign death taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deduction for certain foreign death taxes. 20... § 20.2053-10 Deduction for certain foreign death taxes. (a) General rule. A deduction is allowed the... for foreign death taxes. (b) Condition for allowance of deduction. (1) The deduction is not allowed...

26 CFR 20.2053-10 - Deduction for certain foreign death taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Deduction for certain foreign death taxes. 20... § 20.2053-10 Deduction for certain foreign death taxes. (a) General rule. A deduction is allowed the... for foreign death taxes. (b) Condition for allowance of deduction. (1) The deduction is not allowed...

26 CFR 20.2053-10 - Deduction for certain foreign death taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2011-04-01 2010-04-01 true Deduction for certain foreign death taxes. 20... § 20.2053-10 Deduction for certain foreign death taxes. (a) General rule. A deduction is allowed the... for foreign death taxes. (b) Condition for allowance of deduction. (1) The deduction is not allowed...

The reconstruction of the last itinerary of “Ötzi”, the Neolithic Iceman, by pollen analyses from sequentially sampled gut extracts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oeggl, Klaus; Kofler, Werner; Schmidl, Alexandra; Dickson, James H.; Egarter-Vigl, Eduard; Gaber, Othmar

2007-04-01

The investigations of the Tyrolean Iceman "Ötzi" and his artefacts, discovered at a remote location high in the Eastern Alps, have contributed greatly to the knowledge of the lifestyle of Neolithic humankind. However, the events immediately prior to the Iceman's death have remained unclear and even the recently discovered arrowhead in his back does not explain conclusively the cause of death satisfactorily. From the pollen and macrofossil content of his gut, we reconstruct his travels just before his demise. Sequential sampling of the food residues in the digestive tract of the 5200 year old glacier mummy has made possible the analyses of a series of meals and, from the pollen content, the deduction of the environments in which the last meals were eaten. During his last 33 or so hours, Ötzi crossed different habitats in the Ötztal mountains over considerable distances from high up near the timber line (at about 2500 m), to low down in the zone of warmth-loving trees (about 1200 m or less), and finally very high in the zone of perennial ice (above 3000 m). These final journeys lend new weight to the "disaster" theory of Ötzi's death, which suggests that, returning from the high alpine pastures to his native village, he came into a severe conflict with his kin such that he had to flee from the community back to the high ground familiar to him, where he died.

Beliefs and Practices of Writing Instruction in Japanese Elementary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spence, Lucy K.; Kite, Yuriko

2018-01-01

Focusing on writing instruction within an era of international curricular reform, this study analysed classroom observations, educator interviews, and documents related to Japanese elementary writing instruction. A deductive approach using discourses of writing framework and an inductive approach to Japanese cultural practices uncovered beliefs…

Filosofiya Kanta i sovremennaya kosmologiya %t Kant's philosophy and modern cosmology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mikhajlov, K. A.

In this article practically for the first time we make an attempt to analyse the essence and solution of a number of important problems of modern cosmology, such as those connected with the so called "anthropic principle" (AP), from the point of view of Kant's transcendental philosophy. With this aim in view, philosophical and methodological bases and consequences of AP, its contents and place in the history of science and philosophy of science are investigated. As well as this, the main principles of Kant's theory of knowledge are analysed. The philosophical contents of Kant's transcendental deduction are similar to B. Karter's AP. Kant's concept of time and his solution of the problem of the objective existence of the Universe are compared with the principles and conclusions of J. Wheeler's quantum theory of Universe creation. In this connection, Kant's interpretation of such concepts as "nature", "external object", "the object of the past", "existence", "the object of experience", "objectivity" are considered. The principal role of human conscience in the construction of the scientific picture of the Universe is shown. The ontological status of the past as the time modus and Time itself is analysed. Objectivity is understood as the necessary knowledge about the object coinciding with the object itself. The second part of the paper is devoted to the analysis of the modern state of research in the field of "SETI-problem" from the point of view of Kant's philosophy. The problem of the possible correlation of the pictures of the Universe by different intelligent beings is considered. G. Panovkin's theory of extraterrestrial civilisations is compared with Kant's theory of the substance of thought.

The Emotional Impact of Leaders' Behaviours

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fowlie, Julie; Wood, Matthew

2009-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to analyse MBA students' actual experiences of both good and bad leadership and the resulting emotional responses; to determine which emotionally intelligent competencies, if any, have greater importance in times of change. Design/methodology/approach: The paper follows a deductive approach: moving from the…

26 CFR 1.482-1 - Allocation of income and deductions among taxpayers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... section sets forth general principles and guidelines to be followed under section 482. Section 1.482-2... practices, economic principles, or statistical analyses. The extent and reliability of any adjustments will..., extraction, and assembly; (E) Purchasing and materials management; (F) Marketing and distribution functions...

Working with Youth on LGBT Issues: Why Gay-Straight Alliance Advisors Become Involved

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Valenti, Maria; Campbell, Rebecca

2009-01-01

This phenomenological qualitative study explores motivation for citizen participation in a local context by exploring the experiences of Gay-Straight Alliance (GSA) club advisors from public high schools. Fourteen advisors from one midwestern state were randomly recruited for participation. Inductive and deductive qualitative analyses elucidated…

Learning Styles Inequity for Small to Micro Firms (SMFs): Social Exclusion through Work-Based E-Learning Practice in Europe

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hardaker, Glenn; Dockery, Richard; Sabki, Aishah

2007-01-01

Purpose: The elearn2work study of learning styles in the context of small to micro firms' (SMFs) and their perceived satisfaction has identified some important finding specific to e-learning content design, delivery and international standards development. Design/methodology/approach: The method of research adopts a deductive rather than an…

26 CFR 1.832-5 - Deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... TAXES (CONTINUED) Other Insurance Companies § 1.832-5 Deductions. (a) The deductions allowable are..., insurance companies are allowed a deduction for losses from capital assets sold or exchanged in order to... provisions of section 1212. The deduction is the same as that allowed mutual insurance companies subject to...

26 CFR 1.832-2 - Deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... TAXES (CONTINUED) Other Insurance Companies § 1.832-2 Deductions. (a) The deductions allowable are..., insurance companies are allowed a deduction for losses from capital assets sold or exchanged in order to... provisions of section 1212. The deduction is the same as that allowed mutual insurance companies subject to...

26 CFR 1.832-2 - Deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... TAXES (CONTINUED) Other Insurance Companies § 1.832-2 Deductions. (a) The deductions allowable are..., insurance companies are allowed a deduction for losses from capital assets sold or exchanged in order to... provisions of section 1212. The deduction is the same as that allowed mutual insurance companies subject to...

26 CFR 1.832-2 - Deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... TAXES (CONTINUED) Other Insurance Companies § 1.832-2 Deductions. (a) The deductions allowable are..., insurance companies are allowed a deduction for losses from capital assets sold or exchanged in order to... provisions of section 1212. The deduction is the same as that allowed mutual insurance companies subject to...

26 CFR 1.832-2 - Deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... TAXES (CONTINUED) Other Insurance Companies § 1.832-2 Deductions. (a) The deductions allowable are..., insurance companies are allowed a deduction for losses from capital assets sold or exchanged in order to... provisions of section 1212. The deduction is the same as that allowed mutual insurance companies subject to...

42 CFR 408.42 - Deduction from railroad retirement benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Deduction from railroad retirement benefits. 408.42... § 408.42 Deduction from railroad retirement benefits. (a) Responsibility for deductions. If an enrollee is entitled to railroad retirement benefits, his or her SMI premiums are deducted from those benefits...

42 CFR 417.158 - Payroll deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Payroll deductions. 417.158 Section 417.158 Public....158 Payroll deductions. Each employing entity that provides payroll deductions as a means of paying... employee's contribution, if any, to be paid through payroll deductions. [59 FR 49841, Sept. 30, 1994] ...

26 CFR 1.832-2 - Deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... TAXES Other Insurance Companies § 1.832-2 Deductions. (a) The deductions allowable are specified in... provisions of section 1212. The deduction is the same as that allowed mutual insurance companies subject to... companies, other than mutual fire insurance companies described in § 1.831-1, are also allowed a deduction...

The development and evaluation of content validity of the Zambia Spina Bifida Functional Measure: Preliminary studies

PubMed Central

Amosun, Seyi L.; Shilalukey-Ngoma, Mary P.; Kafaar, Zuhayr

2017-01-01

Background Very little is known on outcome measures for children with spina bifida (SB) in Zambia. If rehabilitation professionals managing children with SB in Zambia and other parts of sub-Saharan Africa are to instigate measuring outcomes routinely, a tool has to be made available. The main objective of this study was to develop an appropriate and culturally sensitive instrument for evaluating the impact of the interventions on children with SB in Zambia. Methods A mixed design method was used for the study. Domains were identified retrospectively and confirmation was done through a systematic review study. Items were generated through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Qualitative data were downloaded, translated into English, transcribed verbatim and presented. These were then placed into categories of the main domains of care deductively through the process of manifest content analysis. Descriptive statistics, alpha coefficient and index of content validity were calculated using SPSS. Results Self-care, mobility and social function were identified as main domains, while participation and communication were sub-domains. A total of 100 statements were generated and 78 items were selected deductively. An alpha coefficient of 0.98 was computed and experts judged the items. Conclusions The new functional measure with an acceptable level of content validity titled Zambia Spina Bifida Functional Measure (ZSBFM) was developed. It was designed to evaluate effectiveness of interventions given to children with SB from the age of 6 months to 5 years. Psychometric properties of reliability and construct validity were tested and are reported in another study. PMID:28951850

26 CFR 1.243-1 - Deduction for dividends received by corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deduction for dividends received by corporations... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Special Deductions for Corporations § 1.243-1 Deduction for dividends received by corporations. (a)(1) A corporation is allowed a deduction under section 243 for...

26 CFR 1.172-1 - Net operating loss deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Net operating loss deduction. 1.172-1 Section 1... operating loss deduction. (a) Allowance of deduction. Section 172(a) allows as a deduction in computing taxable income for any taxable year subject to the Code the aggregate of the net operating loss carryovers...

26 CFR 1.108-3 - Intercompany losses and deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Intercompany losses and deductions. 1.108-3... Intercompany losses and deductions. (a) General rule. This section applies to certain losses and deductions... attributes to which section 108(b) applies, a loss or deduction not yet taken into account under section 267...

26 CFR 1.812-2 - Operations loss deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Gain and Loss from Operations § 1.812-2 Operations loss deduction. (a) Allowance of deduction. Section 812 provides that a life insurance company shall be allowed a deduction in computing gain... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Operations loss deduction. 1.812-2 Section 1.812...

Deductibles in health insurance: can the actuarially fair premium reduction exceed the deductible?

PubMed

Bakker, F M; van Vliet, R C; van de Ven, W P

2000-09-01

The actuarially fair premium reduction in case of a deductible relative to full insurance is affected by: (1) out-of-pocket payments, (2) moral hazard, (3) administrative costs, and, in case of a voluntary deductible, (4) adverse selection. Both the partial effects and the total effect of these factors are analyzed. Moral hazard and adverse selection appear to have a substantial effect on the expected health care costs above a deductible but a small effect on the expected out-of-pocket expenditure. A premium model indicates that for a broad range of deductible amounts the actuarially fair premium reduction exceeds the deductible.

42 CFR 408.45 - Deduction from age 72 special payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Deduction from age 72 special payments. 408.45... § 408.45 Deduction from age 72 special payments. (a) Deduction of premiums. SMI premiums are deducted from age 72 special payments made under section 228 of the Act or the payments are withheld under...

26 CFR 20.2053-9 - Deduction for certain State death taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deduction for certain State death taxes. 20... § 20.2053-9 Deduction for certain State death taxes. (a) General rule. A deduction is allowed a... death taxes. However, see section 2058 to determine the deductibility of state death taxes by estates to...

26 CFR 1.642(g)-2 - Deductions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Deductions included. 1.642(g)-2 Section 1.642(g... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1.642(g)-2 Deductions included. It...(g) is applicable be treated in the same way. One deduction or portion of a deduction may be allowed...

26 CFR 1.642(g)-2 - Deductions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Deductions included. 1.642(g)-2 Section 1.642(g... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1.642(g)-2 Deductions included. It...(g) is applicable be treated in the same way. One deduction or portion of a deduction may be allowed...

26 CFR 1.642(g)-2 - Deductions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Deductions included. 1.642(g)-2 Section 1.642(g... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1.642(g)-2 Deductions included. It...(g) is applicable be treated in the same way. One deduction or portion of a deduction may be allowed...

26 CFR 1.642(g)-2 - Deductions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Deductions included. 1.642(g)-2 Section 1.642(g... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1.642(g)-2 Deductions included. It...(g) is applicable be treated in the same way. One deduction or portion of a deduction may be allowed...

26 CFR 1.642(g)-2 - Deductions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deductions included. 1.642(g)-2 Section 1.642(g... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1.642(g)-2 Deductions included. It is not required that the total deductions, or the total amount of any deduction, to which section 642(g) is...

42 CFR 408.45 - Deduction from age 72 special payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Deduction from age 72 special payments. 408.45... § 408.45 Deduction from age 72 special payments. (a) Deduction of premiums. SMI premiums are deducted from age 72 special payments made under section 228 of the Act or the payments are withheld under...

26 CFR 20.2053-9 - Deduction for certain State death taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Deduction for certain State death taxes. 20... § 20.2053-9 Deduction for certain State death taxes. (a) General rule. A deduction is allowed a... death taxes. However, see section 2058 to determine the deductibility of state death taxes by estates to...

26 CFR 20.2053-9 - Deduction for certain State death taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2011-04-01 2010-04-01 true Deduction for certain State death taxes. 20.2053....2053-9 Deduction for certain State death taxes. (a) General rule. A deduction is allowed a decedent's....2011-2 for the effect which the allowance of this deduction has upon the credit for State death taxes...

Improvements to the Ontology-based Metadata Portal for Unified Semantics (OlyMPUS)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Linsinbigler, M. A.; Gleason, J. L.; Huffer, E.

2016-12-01

The Ontology-based Metadata Portal for Unified Semantics (OlyMPUS), funded by the NASA Earth Science Technology Office Advanced Information Systems Technology program, is an end-to-end system designed to support Earth Science data consumers and data providers, enabling the latter to register data sets and provision them with the semantically rich metadata that drives the Ontology-Driven Interactive Search Environment for Earth Sciences (ODISEES). OlyMPUS complements the ODISEES' data discovery system with an intelligent tool to enable data producers to auto-generate semantically enhanced metadata and upload it to the metadata repository that drives ODISEES. Like ODISEES, the OlyMPUS metadata provisioning tool leverages robust semantics, a NoSQL database and query engine, an automated reasoning engine that performs first- and second-order deductive inferencing, and uses a controlled vocabulary to support data interoperability and automated analytics. The ODISEES data discovery portal leverages this metadata to provide a seamless data discovery and access experience for data consumers who are interested in comparing and contrasting the multiple Earth science data products available across NASA data centers. Olympus will support scientists' services and tools for performing complex analyses and identifying correlations and non-obvious relationships across all types of Earth System phenomena using the full spectrum of NASA Earth Science data available. By providing an intelligent discovery portal that supplies users - both human users and machines - with detailed information about data products, their contents and their structure, ODISEES will reduce the level of effort required to identify and prepare large volumes of data for analysis. This poster will explain how OlyMPUS leverages deductive reasoning and other technologies to create an integrated environment for generating and exploiting semantically rich metadata.

Exploring the Self through Songwriting: An Analysis of Songs Composed by People with Acquired Neurodisability in an Inpatient Rehabilitation Program.

PubMed

Baker, Felicity A; Tamplin, Jeanette; MacDonald, Raymond A R; Ponsford, Jennie; Roddy, Chantal; Lee, Claire; Rickard, Nikki

2017-03-01

Neurological trauma is associated with significant damage to people's pre-injury self-concept. Therapeutic songwriting has been linked with changes in self-concept and improved psychological well-being. This study analyzed the lyrics of songs composed by inpatients with neurological injuries who participated in a targeted songwriting program. The aim of this study was to understand which of the subdomains of the self-concept were the most frequently expressed in songs. An independent, deductive content analysis of 36 songs composed by 12 adults with spinal cord injury or brain injury (11 males, mean age 41 years +/- 13) were undertaken by authors 1 and 2. Deductive analysis indicated that when writing about the past self, people created songs that reflected a strong focus on family and descriptions of their personality. In contrast, there is a clear preoccupation with the physical self, on the personal self, and a tendency for spiritual and moral reflections to emerge during the active phase of rehabilitation (song about the present self). Statistical analyses confirmed a significant self-concept subdomain by song interaction, F(10, 110) = 5.98, p < .001, ηp2 = .35), which was primarily due to an increased focus on physical self-concept and a reduced focus on family self-concept in the present song, more than in either past or future songs. The analysis process confirmed that songwriting is a vehicle that allows for exploration of self-concept in individuals with neurological impairments. Songwriting may serve as a therapeutic tool to target the most prevalent areas of self-concept challenges for clients undergoing inpatient neurological rehabilitation programs. © the American Music Therapy Association 2017. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Classification of California streams using combined deductive and inductive approaches: Setting the foundation for analysis of hydrologic alteration

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pyne, Matthew I.; Carlisle, Daren M.; Konrad, Christopher P.; Stein, Eric D.

2017-01-01

Regional classification of streams is an early step in the Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration framework. Many stream classifications are based on an inductive approach using hydrologic data from minimally disturbed basins, but this approach may underrepresent streams from heavily disturbed basins or sparsely gaged arid regions. An alternative is a deductive approach, using watershed climate, land use, and geomorphology to classify streams, but this approach may miss important hydrological characteristics of streams. We classified all stream reaches in California using both approaches. First, we used Bayesian and hierarchical clustering to classify reaches according to watershed characteristics. Streams were clustered into seven classes according to elevation, sedimentary rock, and winter precipitation. Permutation-based analysis of variance and random forest analyses were used to determine which hydrologic variables best separate streams into their respective classes. Stream typology (i.e., the class that a stream reach is assigned to) is shaped mainly by patterns of high and mean flow behavior within the stream's landscape context. Additionally, random forest was used to determine which hydrologic variables best separate minimally disturbed reference streams from non-reference streams in each of the seven classes. In contrast to stream typology, deviation from reference conditions is more difficult to detect and is largely defined by changes in low-flow variables, average daily flow, and duration of flow. Our combined deductive/inductive approach allows us to estimate flow under minimally disturbed conditions based on the deductive analysis and compare to measured flow based on the inductive analysis in order to estimate hydrologic change.

Conditions for the Validity of Faraday's Law of Induction and Their Experimental Confirmation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lopez-Ramos, A.; Menendez, J. R.; Pique, C.

2008-01-01

This paper, as its main didactic objective, shows the conditions needed for the validity of Faraday's law of induction. Inadequate comprehension of these conditions has given rise to several paradoxes about the issue; some are analysed and solved in this paper in the light of the theoretical deduction of the induction law. Furthermore, an…

Differential involvement of left prefrontal cortex in inductive and deductive reasoning.

PubMed

Goel, Vinod; Dolan, Raymond J

2004-10-01

While inductive and deductive reasoning are considered distinct logical and psychological processes, little is known about their respective neural basis. To address this issue we scanned 16 subjects with fMRI, using an event-related design, while they engaged in inductive and deductive reasoning tasks. Both types of reasoning were characterized by activation of left lateral prefrontal and bilateral dorsal frontal, parietal, and occipital cortices. Neural responses unique to each type of reasoning determined from the Reasoning Type (deduction and induction) by Task (reasoning and baseline) interaction indicated greater involvement of left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44) in deduction than induction, while left dorsolateral (BA 8/9) prefrontal gyrus showed greater activity during induction than deduction. This pattern suggests a dissociation within prefrontal cortex for deductive and inductive reasoning.

20 CFR 416.724 - Amounts of penalty deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Amounts of penalty deductions. 416.724 Section 416.724 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Reports Required Penalty Deductions § 416.724 Amounts of penalty deductions...

20 CFR 416.724 - Amounts of penalty deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Amounts of penalty deductions. 416.724 Section 416.724 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Reports Required Penalty Deductions § 416.724 Amounts of penalty deductions...

26 CFR 1.873-1 - Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Corporations § 1.873-1 Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals. (a) General provisions—(1) Allocation of deductions. In...

Climate controls over ecosystem metabolism: insights from a fifteen-year inductive artificial neural network synthesis for a subalpine forest.

PubMed

Albert, Loren P; Keenan, Trevor F; Burns, Sean P; Huxman, Travis E; Monson, Russell K

2017-05-01

Eddy covariance (EC) datasets have provided insight into climate determinants of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and evapotranspiration (ET) in natural ecosystems for decades, but most EC studies were published in serial fashion such that one study's result became the following study's hypothesis. This approach reflects the hypothetico-deductive process by focusing on previously derived hypotheses. A synthesis of this type of sequential inference reiterates subjective biases and may amplify past assumptions about the role, and relative importance, of controls over ecosystem metabolism. Long-term EC datasets facilitate an alternative approach to synthesis: the use of inductive data-based analyses to re-examine past deductive studies of the same ecosystem. Here we examined the seasonal climate determinants of NEP and ET by analyzing a 15-year EC time-series from a subalpine forest using an ensemble of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) at the half-day (daytime/nighttime) time-step. We extracted relative rankings of climate drivers and driver-response relationships directly from the dataset with minimal a priori assumptions. The ANN analysis revealed temperature variables as primary climate drivers of NEP and daytime ET, when all seasons are considered, consistent with the assembly of past studies. New relations uncovered by the ANN approach include the role of soil moisture in driving daytime NEP during the snowmelt period, the nonlinear response of NEP to temperature across seasons, and the low relevance of summer rainfall for NEP or ET at the same daytime/nighttime time step. These new results offer a more complete perspective of climate-ecosystem interactions at this site than traditional deductive analyses alone.

Imaging deductive reasoning and the new paradigm

PubMed Central

Oaksford, Mike

2015-01-01

There has been a great expansion of research into human reasoning at all of Marr’s explanatory levels. There is a tendency for this work to progress within a level largely ignoring the others which can lead to slippage between levels (Chater et al., 2003). It is argued that recent brain imaging research on deductive reasoning—implementational level—has largely ignored the new paradigm in reasoning—computational level (Over, 2009). Consequently, recent imaging results are reviewed with the focus on how they relate to the new paradigm. The imaging results are drawn primarily from a recent meta-analysis by Prado et al. (2011) but further imaging results are also reviewed where relevant. Three main observations are made. First, the main function of the core brain region identified is most likely elaborative, defeasible reasoning not deductive reasoning. Second, the subtraction methodology and the meta-analytic approach may remove all traces of content specific System 1 processes thought to underpin much human reasoning. Third, interpreting the function of the brain regions activated by a task depends on theories of the function that a task engages. When there are multiple interpretations of that function, interpreting what an active brain region is doing is not clear cut. It is concluded that there is a need to more tightly connect brain activation to function, which could be achieved using formalized computational level models and a parametric variation approach. PMID:25774130

26 CFR 1.832-5 - Deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... TAXES Other Insurance Companies § 1.832-5 Deductions. (a) The deductions allowable are specified in... provisions of section 1212. The deduction is the same as that allowed mutual insurance companies subject to... companies, other than mutual fire insurance companies described in section 831(a)(3)(A) and the regulations...

42 CFR 408.43 - Deduction from social security benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Deduction from social security benefits. 408.43... § 408.43 Deduction from social security benefits. SSA, acting as CMS's agent, deducts the premiums from the monthly social security benefits if the enrollee is not entitled to railroad retirement benefits...

Children's and Adults' Evaluation of Their Own Inductive Inferences, Deductive Inferences, and Guesses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pillow, Bradford H.; Pearson, RaeAnne M.

2009-01-01

Adults' and kindergarten through fourth-grade children's evaluations and explanations of inductive inferences, deductive inferences, and guesses were assessed. Beginning in kindergarten, participants rated deductions as more certain than weak inductions or guesses. Beginning in third grade, deductions were rated as more certain than strong…

48 CFR 1852.236-71 - Additive or deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additive or deductive... and Clauses 1852.236-71 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 1836.570(a), insert the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (MAR 1989) (a) The low bidder for purposes of award shall...

48 CFR 452.236-70 - Additive or Deductive Items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 436.205, insert the following provision: Additive or... listed in the schedule) those additive or deductive bid items providing the most features of the work...

48 CFR 1452.236-71 - Additive or Deductive Items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 1436.571, insert the following provision: Additive or... the bidder having the lowest total of the base bid and a combination of additive and deductive items...

48 CFR 1436.571 - Additive and deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additive and deductive... Additive and deductive items. If it appears that funds available for a construction project may be... the work as specified and for one or more additive or deductive bid items which add or omit specified...

48 CFR 452.236-70 - Additive or Deductive Items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 436.205, insert the following provision: Additive or... listed in the schedule) those additive or deductive bid items providing the most features of the work...

48 CFR 1836.213-370 - Additive and deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additive and deductive... Special Aspects of Contracting for Construction 1836.213-370 Additive and deductive items. When it appears... the work generally as specified and one or more additive or deductive bid items progressively adding...

48 CFR 452.236-70 - Additive or Deductive Items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 436.205, insert the following provision: Additive or... listed in the schedule) those additive or deductive bid items providing the most features of the work...

48 CFR 1836.213-370 - Additive and deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additive and deductive... Special Aspects of Contracting for Construction 1836.213-370 Additive and deductive items. When it appears... the work generally as specified and one or more additive or deductive bid items progressively adding...

48 CFR 1436.571 - Additive and deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additive and deductive... Additive and deductive items. If it appears that funds available for a construction project may be... the work as specified and for one or more additive or deductive bid items which add or omit specified...

48 CFR 1836.213-370 - Additive and deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additive and deductive... Special Aspects of Contracting for Construction 1836.213-370 Additive and deductive items. When it appears... the work generally as specified and one or more additive or deductive bid items progressively adding...

48 CFR 1836.213-370 - Additive and deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additive and deductive... Special Aspects of Contracting for Construction 1836.213-370 Additive and deductive items. When it appears... the work generally as specified and one or more additive or deductive bid items progressively adding...

48 CFR 1436.571 - Additive and deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additive and deductive... Additive and deductive items. If it appears that funds available for a construction project may be... the work as specified and for one or more additive or deductive bid items which add or omit specified...

48 CFR 452.236-70 - Additive or Deductive Items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 436.205, insert the following provision: Additive or... listed in the schedule) those additive or deductive bid items providing the most features of the work...

48 CFR 1836.213-370 - Additive and deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Additive and deductive... Special Aspects of Contracting for Construction 1836.213-370 Additive and deductive items. When it appears... the work generally as specified and one or more additive or deductive bid items progressively adding...

48 CFR 1436.571 - Additive and deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additive and deductive... Additive and deductive items. If it appears that funds available for a construction project may be... the work as specified and for one or more additive or deductive bid items which add or omit specified...

48 CFR 1452.236-71 - Additive or Deductive Items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 1436.571, insert the following provision: Additive or... the bidder having the lowest total of the base bid and a combination of additive and deductive items...

48 CFR 1852.236-71 - Additive or deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additive or deductive... and Clauses 1852.236-71 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 1836.570(a), insert the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (MAR 1989) (a) The low bidder for purposes of award shall...

48 CFR 1852.236-71 - Additive or deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additive or deductive... and Clauses 1852.236-71 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 1836.570(a), insert the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (MAR 1989) (a) The low bidder for purposes of award shall...

48 CFR 452.236-70 - Additive or Deductive Items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 436.205, insert the following provision: Additive or... listed in the schedule) those additive or deductive bid items providing the most features of the work...

48 CFR 1852.236-71 - Additive or deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additive or deductive... and Clauses 1852.236-71 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 1836.570(a), insert the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (MAR 1989) (a) The low bidder for purposes of award shall...

48 CFR 1452.236-71 - Additive or Deductive Items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 1436.571, insert the following provision: Additive or... the bidder having the lowest total of the base bid and a combination of additive and deductive items...

48 CFR 1436.571 - Additive and deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additive and deductive... Additive and deductive items. If it appears that funds available for a construction project may be... the work as specified and for one or more additive or deductive bid items which add or omit specified...

48 CFR 1452.236-71 - Additive or Deductive Items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 1436.571, insert the following provision: Additive or... the bidder having the lowest total of the base bid and a combination of additive and deductive items...

48 CFR 1452.236-71 - Additive or Deductive Items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 1436.571, insert the following provision: Additive or... the bidder having the lowest total of the base bid and a combination of additive and deductive items...

12 CFR 347.208 - Assessment base deductions by insured branch.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Assessment base deductions by insured branch... STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL BANKING Foreign Banks § 347.208 Assessment base deductions by..., branches, agencies, or wholly owned subsidiaries may be deducted from the assessment base of the insured...

12 CFR 347.208 - Assessment base deductions by insured branch.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Assessment base deductions by insured branch... STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL BANKING Foreign Banks § 347.208 Assessment base deductions by..., branches, agencies, or wholly owned subsidiaries may be deducted from the assessment base of the insured...

22 CFR 512.22 - Deduction from pay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Deduction from pay. 512.22 Section 512.22 Foreign Relations BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS COLLECTION OF DEBTS UNDER THE DEBT COLLECTION ACT OF 1982 Salary Offset § 512.22 Deduction from pay. (a) Deduction by salary offset, from an employee's...

22 CFR 512.22 - Deduction from pay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2012-04-01 2009-04-01 true Deduction from pay. 512.22 Section 512.22 Foreign Relations BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS COLLECTION OF DEBTS UNDER THE DEBT COLLECTION ACT OF 1982 Salary Offset § 512.22 Deduction from pay. (a) Deduction by salary offset, from an employee's...

22 CFR 512.22 - Deduction from pay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Deduction from pay. 512.22 Section 512.22 Foreign Relations BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS COLLECTION OF DEBTS UNDER THE DEBT COLLECTION ACT OF 1982 Salary Offset § 512.22 Deduction from pay. (a) Deduction by salary offset, from an employee's...

22 CFR 512.22 - Deduction from pay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2013-04-01 2009-04-01 true Deduction from pay. 512.22 Section 512.22 Foreign Relations BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS COLLECTION OF DEBTS UNDER THE DEBT COLLECTION ACT OF 1982 Salary Offset § 512.22 Deduction from pay. (a) Deduction by salary offset, from an employee's...

42 CFR 408.43 - Deduction from social security benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Deduction from social security benefits. 408.43... § 408.43 Deduction from social security benefits. SSA, acting as CMS's agent, deducts the premiums from the monthly social security benefits if the enrollee is not entitled to railroad retirement benefits...

42 CFR 408.43 - Deduction from social security benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Deduction from social security benefits. 408.43... § 408.43 Deduction from social security benefits. SSA, acting as CMS's agent, deducts the premiums from the monthly social security benefits if the enrollee is not entitled to railroad retirement benefits...

42 CFR 408.43 - Deduction from social security benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Deduction from social security benefits. 408.43... § 408.43 Deduction from social security benefits. SSA, acting as CMS's agent, deducts the premiums from the monthly social security benefits if the enrollee is not entitled to railroad retirement benefits...

42 CFR 408.43 - Deduction from social security benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Deduction from social security benefits. 408.43... § 408.43 Deduction from social security benefits. SSA, acting as CMS's agent, deducts the premiums from the monthly social security benefits if the enrollee is not entitled to railroad retirement benefits...

12 CFR 347.208 - Assessment base deductions by insured branch.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Assessment base deductions by insured branch... STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL BANKING Foreign Banks § 347.208 Assessment base deductions by..., branches, agencies, or wholly owned subsidiaries may be deducted from the assessment base of the insured...

Deductive Error Diagnosis and Inductive Error Generalization for Intelligent Tutoring Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoppe, H. Ulrich

1994-01-01

Examines the deductive approach to error diagnosis for intelligent tutoring systems. Topics covered include the principles of the deductive approach to diagnosis; domain-specific heuristics to solve the problem of generalizing error patterns; and deductive diagnosis and the hypertext-based learning environment. (Contains 26 references.) (JLB)

29 CFR 1450.23 - Deduction from pay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Deduction from pay. 1450.23 Section 1450.23 Labor... OWED THE UNITED STATES Salary Offset § 1450.23 Deduction from pay. (a) Deduction by salary offset, from an employee's current disposable pay, shall be subject to the following conditions: (1) Ordinarily...

22 CFR 512.22 - Deduction from pay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Deduction from pay. 512.22 Section 512.22... 1982 Salary Offset § 512.22 Deduction from pay. (a) Deduction by salary offset, from an employee's disposable current pay, shall be subject to the following circumstances: (1) When funds are available, the...

20 CFR 404.457 - Deductions where taxes neither deducted from wages of certain maritime employees nor paid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... wages of certain maritime employees nor paid. 404.457 Section 404.457 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL... maritime employees nor paid. (a) When deduction is required. A deduction is required where: (1) An... Administration or, for services performed before February 11, 1942, through the United States Maritime Commission...

26 CFR 1.941-1 - Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2014-04-01 2013-04-01 true Special deduction for China Trade Act... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) China Trade Act Corporations § 1.941-1 Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations. In addition to the deductions from taxable income otherwise...

26 CFR 1.941-1 - Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Special deduction for China Trade Act... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) China Trade Act Corporations § 1.941-1 Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations. In addition to the deductions from taxable income otherwise...

Children's and Adults' Judgments of the Certainty of Deductive Inferences, Inductive Inferences, and Guesses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pillow, Bradford H.; Pearson, RaeAnne M.; Hecht, Mary; Bremer, Amanda

2010-01-01

Children and adults rated their own certainty following inductive inferences, deductive inferences, and guesses. Beginning in kindergarten, participants rated deductions as more certain than weak inductions or guesses. Deductions were rated as more certain than strong inductions beginning in Grade 3, and fourth-grade children and adults…

26 CFR 1.941-1 - Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Special deduction for China Trade Act... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) China Trade Act Corporations § 1.941-1 Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations. In addition to the deductions from taxable income otherwise...

26 CFR 1.941-1 - Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Special deduction for China Trade Act... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES China Trade Act Corporations § 1.941-1 Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations. In addition to the deductions from taxable income otherwise allowed such a...

42 CFR 409.89 - Exemption of kidney donors from deductible and coinsurance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Exemption of kidney donors from deductible and... Deductibles and Coinsurance § 409.89 Exemption of kidney donors from deductible and coinsurance requirements... furnished to an individual in connection with the donation of a kidney for transplant surgery. ...

42 CFR 409.89 - Exemption of kidney donors from deductible and coinsurance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Exemption of kidney donors from deductible and... Deductibles and Coinsurance § 409.89 Exemption of kidney donors from deductible and coinsurance requirements... furnished to an individual in connection with the donation of a kidney for transplant surgery. ...

25 CFR 163.25 - Forest management deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Forest management deductions. 163.25 Section 163.25... Forest Management and Operations § 163.25 Forest management deductions. (a) Pursuant to the provisions of 25 U.S.C. 413 and 25 U.S.C. 3105, a forest management deduction shall be withheld from the gross...

26 CFR 20.2053-10 - Deduction for certain foreign death taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 2055, but only if (1) the conditions stated in paragraph (b) of this section are met, and (2) an... for foreign death taxes. (b) Condition for allowance of deduction. (1) The deduction is not allowed.... For allowance of the deduction, it is sufficient if either of these conditions is satisfied. Thus, in...

26 CFR 20.2053-10 - Deduction for certain foreign death taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 2055, but only if (1) the conditions stated in paragraph (b) of this section are met, and (2) an... for foreign death taxes. (b) Condition for allowance of deduction. (1) The deduction is not allowed.... For allowance of the deduction, it is sufficient if either of these conditions is satisfied. Thus, in...

48 CFR 252.236-7007 - Additive or deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additive or deductive... of Provisions And Clauses 252.236-7007 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 236.570(b)(5), use the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (DEC 1991) (a) The low offeror and the items...

48 CFR 252.236-7007 - Additive or deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additive or deductive... of Provisions And Clauses 252.236-7007 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 236.570(b)(5), use the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (DEC 1991) (a) The low offeror and the items...

48 CFR 1852.236-71 - Additive or deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Additive or deductive items... 1852.236-71 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 1836.570(a), insert the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (MAR 1989) (a) The low bidder for purposes of award shall be the conforming...

48 CFR 252.236-7007 - Additive or deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additive or deductive... of Provisions And Clauses 252.236-7007 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 236.570(b)(5), use the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (DEC 1991) (a) The low offeror and the items...

48 CFR 252.236-7007 - Additive or deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additive or deductive... of Provisions And Clauses 252.236-7007 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 236.570(b)(5), use the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (DEC 1991) (a) The low offeror and the items...

48 CFR 252.236-7007 - Additive or deductive items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additive or deductive... of Provisions And Clauses 252.236-7007 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 236.570(b)(5), use the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (DEC 1991) (a) The low offeror and the items...

26 CFR 1.642(d)-1 - Net operating loss deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Net operating loss deduction. 1.642(d)-1 Section... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1.642(d)-1 Net operating loss deduction. The net operating loss deduction allowed by section 172 is available to estates and trusts...

26 CFR 1.1402(a)-7 - Net operating loss deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 12 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Net operating loss deduction. 1.1402(a)-7...) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Tax on Self-Employment Income § 1.1402(a)-7 Net operating loss deduction. The deduction provided by section 172, relating to net operating losses sustained in years other...

25 CFR 163.25 - Forest management deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Forest management deductions. 163.25 Section 163.25... Forest Management and Operations § 163.25 Forest management deductions. (a) Pursuant to the provisions of 25 U.S.C. 413 and 25 U.S.C. 3105, a forest management deduction shall be withheld from the gross...

20 CFR 361.11 - Procedures for salary offset: When deductions may begin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Procedures for salary offset: When deductions... § 361.11 Procedures for salary offset: When deductions may begin. (a) Deductions to liquidate an... a debt is completed, offset shall be made from subsequent payments of any nature (e.g., final salary...

38 CFR 8.5 - Authorization for deduction of premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Authorization for deduction of premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension. 8.5 Section 8.5 Pensions, Bonuses, and... Authorization for deduction of premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension. Deductions from benefits...

Anaesthesia nursing education in the Nordic countries: Literature review.

PubMed

Jeon, Yunsuk; Lahtinen, Pia; Meretoja, Riitta; Leino-Kilpi, Helena

2015-05-01

The purpose of this review was to analyse post-registration anaesthesia nursing education in the Nordic countries. The analysis was based on key determinants fundamental to analysing nursing education: 1) the sys]tem of anaesthesia nursing education, 2) entry requirements, 3) credits, the duration and the title or degree awarded, and 4) the amount of practical training. A scoping review was approached in a systematic manner. The literature was analysed using deductive content analysis. Data was gathered based on key determinants. The data were quantified into frequencies and percentages to compare the similarities and differences of anaesthesia nursing. The Nordic countries have different types of post-registration anaesthesia nursing education from non-degree supplementary programmes to Master's degree programmes. Even though the entry requirements correspond between countries, many more differences than similarities in anaesthesia nursing education were noted. A title granting the right to work as a nurse anaesthetist can be obtained through a variety of educational systems, credit requirements, the duration, and the amount of practical training in post-registration anaesthesia nursing programmes. This aim of the study was to analyse post-registration anaesthesia nursing education from the Nordic perspective. Harmonising the educational system and minimum education requirements in anaesthesia nursing education is recommended in order to facilitate free movement and assure the quality of care from the Nordic perspective. Since each Nordic country has its own native language, it was difficult to gather information from all the Nordic countries. Therefore, creating common educational database published in English can help to bench mark each country's educational system. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

26 CFR 1.167(a)-10 - When depreciation deduction is allowable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false When depreciation deduction is allowable. 1.167... Corporations § 1.167(a)-10 When depreciation deduction is allowable. (a) A taxpayer should deduct the proper depreciation allowance each year and may not increase his depreciation allowances in later years by reason of...

26 CFR 20.2053-6 - Deduction for taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deduction for taxes. 20.2053-6 Section 20.2053... TAXES ESTATE TAX; ESTATES OF DECEDENTS DYING AFTER AUGUST 16, 1954 Taxable Estate § 20.2053-6 Deduction for taxes. (a) In general—(1) Taxes are deductible in computing a decedent's gross estate— (i) Only as...

7 CFR 3.81 - Procedures for salary offset: when deductions may begin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Procedures for salary offset: when deductions may... Salary Offset § 3.81 Procedures for salary offset: when deductions may begin. (a) Deductions to liquidate... Offset Salary to collect from the employee's current pay. (b) If the employee filed a petition for a...

78 FR 41961 - Submission for Review: 3206-0170, Application for Refund of Retirement Deductions/FERS (SF 3106...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-12

... Retirement Deductions/FERS (SF 3106) and Current/Former Spouse(s) Notification of Application for Refund of Retirement Deductions Under FERS (SF 3106A) AGENCY: U.S. Office of Personnel Management. ACTION: 30-Day... Current/Former Spouse(s) Notification of Application for Refund of Retirement Deductions Under FERS (SF...

26 CFR 1.249-1 - Limitation on deduction of bond premium on repurchase.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... A issues a callable 20-year convertible bond at face for $1,000 bearing interest at 10 percent per... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Limitation on deduction of bond premium on... deduction of bond premium on repurchase. (a) Limitation—(1) General rule. No deduction is allowed to the...

26 CFR 1.163-12 - Deduction of original issue discount on instrument held by related foreign person.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... on which the amount is includible in income is determined with reference to the method of accounting... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Deduction of original issue discount on... Deductions for Individuals and Corporations § 1.163-12 Deduction of original issue discount on instrument...

26 CFR 1.163-12 - Deduction of original issue discount on instrument held by related foreign person.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... on which the amount is includible in income is determined with reference to the method of accounting... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Deduction of original issue discount on... Deductions for Individuals and Corporations § 1.163-12 Deduction of original issue discount on instrument...

26 CFR 1.163-12 - Deduction of original issue discount on instrument held by related foreign person.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... on which the amount is includible in income is determined with reference to the method of accounting... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Deduction of original issue discount on... Deductions for Individuals and Corporations § 1.163-12 Deduction of original issue discount on instrument...

Perceived Benefits and Drawbacks of Disclosure Practices: An Analysis of PLWHAs' Strategies for Disclosing HIV Status.

PubMed

Catona, Danielle; Greene, Kathryn; Magsamen-Conrad, Kate

2015-01-01

People living with HIV/AIDS must make decisions about how, where, when, what, and to whom to disclose their HIV status. This study explores their perceptions of benefits and drawbacks of various HIV disclosure strategies. The authors interviewed 53 people living with HIV/AIDS from a large AIDS service organization in a northeastern U.S. state and used a combination of deductive and inductive coding to analyze disclosure strategies and advantages and disadvantages of disclosure strategies. Deductive codes consisted of eight strategies subsumed under three broad categories: mode (face-to-face, non-face-to-face, and third-party disclosure), context (setting, bringing a companion, and planning a time), and content (practicing and incremental disclosure). Inductive coding identified benefits and drawbacks for enacting each specific disclosure strategy. The discussion focuses on theoretical explanations for the reasons for and against disclosure strategy enactment and the utility of these findings for practical interventions concerning HIV disclosure practices and decision making.

Connecting Classroom, Clinic, and Context: Clinical Reasoning Strategies for Clinical Instructors and Academic Faculty.

PubMed

Furze, Jennifer; Kenyon, Lisa K; Jensen, Gail M

2015-01-01

Clinical reasoning is an essential skill in pediatric physical therapist (PT) practice. As such, explicit instruction in clinical reasoning should be emphasized in PT education. This article provides academic faculty and clinical instructors with an overview of strategies to develop and expand the clinical reasoning capacity of PT students within the scope of pediatric PT practice. Achieving a balance between deductive reasoning strategies that provide a framework for thinking and inductive reasoning strategies that emphasize patient factors and the context of the clinical situation is an important variable in educational pedagogy. Consideration should be given to implementing various teaching and learning approaches across the curriculum that reflect the developmental level of the student(s). Deductive strategies may be helpful early in the curriculum, whereas inductive strategies are often advantageous after patient interactions; however, exposure to both is necessary to fully develop the learner's clinical reasoning abilities. For more insights from the authors, see Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at http://links.lww.com/PPT/A87.

Understanding Loss Deductions For Yard Trees

Treesearch

John Greene

1998-01-01

The sudden destruction of trees or other yard plants due to a fire, storm, or massive insect attack qualifies for a casualty loss deduction. Unfortnately, the casualty loss rules for personal use property allow deductions only for large losses. To calculate your deduction, start with the lesser of the decrease in fair market value of your property caused by the loss of...

26 CFR 1.1312-5 - Correlative deductions and inclusions for trusts or estates and legatees, beneficiaries, or heirs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Correlative deductions and inclusions for trusts... of Tax Between Years and Special Limitations § 1.1312-5 Correlative deductions and inclusions for... the amount of the deduction allowed by sections 651 and 661 or the inclusion in taxable income of the...

26 CFR 1.221-1 - Deduction for interest paid on qualified education loans after December 31, 2001.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... § 1.163-7, original issue discount on a qualified education loan is not deductible until paid. See... education loans after December 31, 2001. 1.221-1 Section 1.221-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Deductions for Individuals § 1.221-1 Deduction for interest paid on qualified education loans after December...

26 CFR 1.221-1 - Deduction for interest paid on qualified education loans after December 31, 2001.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... § 1.163-7, original issue discount on a qualified education loan is not deductible until paid. See... education loans after December 31, 2001. 1.221-1 Section 1.221-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Deductions for Individuals § 1.221-1 Deduction for interest paid on qualified education loans after December...

26 CFR 1.221-1 - Deduction for interest paid on qualified education loans after December 31, 2001.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... § 1.163-7, original issue discount on a qualified education loan is not deductible until paid. See... education loans after December 31, 2001. 1.221-1 Section 1.221-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Deductions for Individuals § 1.221-1 Deduction for interest paid on qualified education loans after December...

Undergraduate nursing students' transformational learning during clinical training.

PubMed

Melin-Johansson, Christina; Österlind, Jane; Hagelin, Carina Lundh; Henoch, Ingela; Ek, Kristina; Bergh, Ingrid; Browall, Maria

2018-04-02

Undergraduate nursing students encounter patients at the end of life during their clinical training. They need to confront dying and death under supportive circumstances in order to be prepared for similar situations in their future career. To explore undergraduate nursing students' descriptions of caring situations with patients at the end of life during supervised clinical training. A qualitative study using the critical incident technique was chosen. A total of 85 students wrote a short text about their experiences of caring for patients at the end of life during their clinical training. These critical incident reports were then analysed using deductive and inductive content analysis. The theme 'students' transformational learning towards becoming a professional nurse during clinical training' summarises how students relate to patients and relatives, interpret the transition from life to death, feel when caring for a dead body and learn end-of-life caring actions from their supervisors. As a preparation for their future profession, students undergoing clinical training need to confront death and dying while supported by trained supervisors and must learn how to communicate about end-of-life issues and cope with emotional stress and grief.

Record of continental to marine transition from the Mesoproterozoic Ampani basin, Central India: An exercise of process-based sedimentology in a structurally deformed basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chakraborty, Partha Pratim; Saha, Subhojit; Das, Kaushik

2017-08-01

The Mesoproterozoic Ampani Group of rocks, a structurally deformed sedimentary package hosted within the Bastar Craton in central India, was studied for process-based facies and paleoenvironmental analyses. Outcrop mapping on 1:1500 scale, deconvolution of deformation pattern, and process-based facies analyses have led to the identification of fifteen facies types, clubbed under four facies associations. A range of paleoenvironmental settings varying from continental fluvial to distal marine shelf is inferred. Deductive paleohydrology revealed poorly-efficient 'dirty river' character for the Ampani River system with low water discharge. However, at times of catastrophic sheet floods release of sediments trapped at the river mouth in form of hyperpycnal underflows triggered formation of river mouth delta. Reworking of delta front sediment in wave-dominated coastline resulted development of beach-foreshore and shoreface (proximal to distal). Variation in the relative proportion of bar and interbar products within the shoreface successions exposed at different studied sections is interpreted as signature of relative bathymetric variation. The pro-deltaic Ampani shelf was storm infested. Tectonic perturbance in the basin hinterland in course of Ampani sedimentation is inferred from occurrence of a disparately thick lobate high-density flow deposit towards the top of shoreface succession and increase in feldspar content upward within the shoreface succession. Addition of detritus from a ∼1600 Ma Mesoproterozoic provenance in upper part of shoreface also strengthen the contention. Deconvolution of deformation pattern and delineation of environmental products ranging between continental and deep marine allowed us to infer the Ampani sediment package as fining-upward in character evolved in a transgressive mode.

Children's and adults' judgments of the certainty of deductive inferences, inductive inferences, and guesses.

PubMed

Pillow, Bradford H; Pearson, Raeanne M; Hecht, Mary; Bremer, Amanda

2010-01-01

Children and adults rated their own certainty following inductive inferences, deductive inferences, and guesses. Beginning in kindergarten, participants rated deductions as more certain than weak inductions or guesses. Deductions were rated as more certain than strong inductions beginning in Grade 3, and fourth-grade children and adults differentiated strong inductions, weak inductions, and informed guesses from pure guesses. By Grade 3, participants also gave different types of explanations for their deductions and inductions. These results are discussed in relation to children's concepts of cognitive processes, logical reasoning, and epistemological development.

SUPPORTING CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT: Budgetary Implications of Selected GAO Work for Fiscal Year 2003

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-04-01

Inflation 285 Increase Highway User Fees on Heavy Trucks 287 Require Corporate Tax Document Matching 289 Improve Administration of the Tax Deduction for...Real Estate Taxes 290 Increase Collection of Returns Filed by U.S. Citizens Living Abroad 292 Increase the Use of Seizure Authority to Collect...Delinquent Taxes 294 Increase Collection of Self-employment Taxes 296Page v GAO-02-576 Budget Implications of GAO Work ContentsIncrease the Use of

26 CFR 1.162-10T - Questions and answers relating to the deduction of employee benefits under the Tax Reform Act of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... of employee benefits under the Tax Reform Act of 1984; certain limits on amounts deductible... and Corporations § 1.162-10T Questions and answers relating to the deduction of employee benefits... amendment of section 404(b) by the Tax Reform Act of 1984 affect the deduction of employee benefits under...

U.S. Security-Related Agreements in Force Since 1955: Introducing a New Database

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving...PAF), a division of the RAND Corporation, is the U.S. Air Force’s federally funded research and development center for studies and analyses. PAF...33   Additional Applications of the Treaty and Agreement Database ........................................................... 35   Summary

46 CFR 69.119 - Spaces deducted from gross tonnage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... gear, capstan, windlass, and chain locker is deductible. A fore peak used exclusively as chain locker... oils, blocks, hawsers, rigging, deck gear, or other boatswain's stores for daily use is deductible. The...

46 CFR 69.119 - Spaces deducted from gross tonnage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... gear, capstan, windlass, and chain locker is deductible. A fore peak used exclusively as chain locker... oils, blocks, hawsers, rigging, deck gear, or other boatswain's stores for daily use is deductible. The...

46 CFR 69.119 - Spaces deducted from gross tonnage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... gear, capstan, windlass, and chain locker is deductible. A fore peak used exclusively as chain locker... oils, blocks, hawsers, rigging, deck gear, or other boatswain's stores for daily use is deductible. The...

46 CFR 69.119 - Spaces deducted from gross tonnage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... gear, capstan, windlass, and chain locker is deductible. A fore peak used exclusively as chain locker... oils, blocks, hawsers, rigging, deck gear, or other boatswain's stores for daily use is deductible. The...

Nearly half of families in high-deductible health plans whose members have chronic conditions face substantial financial burden.

PubMed

Galbraith, Alison A; Ross-Degnan, Dennis; Soumerai, Stephen B; Rosenthal, Meredith B; Gay, Charlene; Lieu, Tracy A

2011-02-01

High-deductible health plans-typically with deductibles of at least $1,000 per individual and $2,000 per family-require greater enrollee cost sharing than traditional plans. But they also may provide more affordable premiums and may be the lowest-cost, or only, coverage option for many families with members who are chronically ill. We surveyed families with chronic conditions in high-deductible plans and families in traditional plans to compare health care-related financial burden-such as experiencing difficulty paying medical or basic bills or having to set up payment plans. Almost half (48 percent) of the families with chronic conditions in high-deductible plans reported health care-related financial burden, compared to 21 percent of families in traditional plans. Almost twice as many lower-income families in high-deductible plans spent more than 3 percent of income on health care expenses as lower-income families in traditional plans (53 percent versus 29 percent). As health reform efforts advance, policy makers must consider how to modify high-deductible plans to reduce the financial burden for families with chronic conditions.

Demographic, Insurance, and Health Characteristics of Newly Enrolled HIV-Positive Patients After Implementation of the Affordable Care Act in California

PubMed Central

Parthasarathy, Sujaya; Altschuler, Andrea; Silverberg, Michael J.; Storholm, Erik; Campbell, Cynthia I.

2016-01-01

Objectives. To examine changes in HIV-positive patient enrollment in a large health care delivery system before and after key Affordable Care Act (ACA) provisions went into effect in 2014. Methods. Analyses compared HIV-positive patients newly enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Northern California between January and June 2012 (n = 339) to those newly enrolled between January and June 2014 through the California insurance exchange or via other mechanisms (n = 549). Results. After the ACA, the HIV-positive patient enrollment increased. These new enrollees were more likely to be male (93.6% vs 89.1%; P = .01), to be enrolled in high-deductible benefit plans (≥ $1000; 18.8% vs 5.5%; P = .01), and to have better HIV viral control (HIV RNA levels below limits of quantification 79.5% vs 73.6%; P = .05) compared with pre-ACA new enrollees. Among post-ACA new enrollees, there were more patients in the lowest and highest age groups. Post-ACA exchange enrollees (22%) were more likely to be male and to have high-deductible plans than those enrolled through other mechanisms. Conclusions. More men, higher deductibles, and better HIV viral control characterize newly enrolled HIV-positive patients after the ACA in California. Public health implications. Evolving characteristics of HIV-positive enrollees may affect HIV policy, patient care needs, and service utilization. PMID:27077361

Ethanol and Mesolimbic Serotonin/Dopamine Interactions Via 5-HT1B Receptors

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-01

baclofen , a GABAB receptor agonist, into the VTA probe and the response of extracellular DA in the ipsilateral NACC was determined. A significant...decrease (50% deduction) in extracellular DA in the ipsilateral NACC after perfusion with baclofen was considered an appropriate implantation of the...the VTA with baclofen were included in data analyses. Approximately 70% of the animals that had undergone surgery had both probes correctly implanted

78 FR 41961 - Submission for Review: 3206-0128, Application for Refund of Retirement Deductions (CSRS), SF 2802...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-12

... Retirement Deductions (CSRS), SF 2802 and Current/Former Spouse's Notification of Application for Refund of... Deductions Civil Service Retirement System and Current/Former Spouse's Notification of Application for Refund... Reduction [[Page 41962

The seats of reason? An imaging study of deductive and inductive reasoning.

PubMed

Goel, V; Gold, B; Kapur, S; Houle, S

1997-03-24

We carried out a neuroimaging study to test the neurophysiological predictions made by different cognitive models of reasoning. Ten normal volunteers performed deductive and inductive reasoning tasks while their regional cerebral blood flow pattern was recorded using [15O]H2O PET imaging. In the control condition subjects semantically comprehended sets of three sentences. In the deductive reasoning condition subjects determined whether the third sentence was entailed by the first two sentences. In the inductive reasoning condition subjects reported whether the third sentence was plausible given the first two sentences. The deduction condition resulted in activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 45, 47). The induction condition resulted in activation of a large area comprised of the left medial frontal gyrus, the left cingulate gyrus, and the left superior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 8, 9, 24, 32). Induction was distinguished from deduction by the involvement of the medial aspect of the left superior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 8, 9). These results are consistent with cognitive models of reasoning that postulate different mechanisms for inductive and deductive reasoning and view deduction as a formal rule-based process.

Nearly Half of Families In High-Deductible Health Plans Whose Members Have Chronic Conditions Face Substantial Financial Burden

PubMed Central

Galbraith, Alison A.; Ross-Degnan, Dennis; Soumerai, Stephen B.; Rosenthal, Meredith B.; Gay, Charlene; Lieu, Tracy A.

2015-01-01

High-deductible health plans – typically with deductibles of at least $1,000 per individual and $2,000 per family -- require greater enrollee cost sharing than traditional plans. But they also may provide more affordable premiums and may be the lowest-cost, or only, coverage option for many families with members who are chronically ill. We surveyed families with chronic conditions in high-deductible plans and families in traditional plans to compare health care-related financial burden – such as experiencing difficulty paying medical or basic bills or having to set up payment plans. Almost half (48 percent) of the families with chronic conditions in high-deductible plans reported health care-related financial burden, compared to a fifth of families (21 percent) in traditional plans. Almost twice as many lower-income families in high-deductible plans spent more than 3 percent of income on health care expenses as lower-income families in traditional plans (53 percent versus 29 percent). As health reform efforts advance, policy makers must consider how to modify high-deductible plans to reduce the financial burden for families with chronic conditions. PMID:21289354

5 CFR 846.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM-ELECTIONS OF COVERAGE General Provisions § 846.102 Definitions. In this part... subject to both CSRS deductions (or deductions under another retirement system for Federal employees if such service is creditable under CSRS) and social security deductions as a result of the Social...

76 FR 33814 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-09

... collection requirements related to Additional First Year Depreciation Deduction. DATES: Written comments... . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Additional First Year Depreciation Deduction. OMB Number: 1545-2207... year depreciation deduction. Section 401(b) of the TRUIRJCA amends Sec. 168(k) by adding Sec. 168(k)(5...

26 CFR 1.873-1 - Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Corporations § 1.873-1 Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals. (a) General provisions—(1) Allocation of...

26 CFR 1.873-1 - Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Corporations § 1.873-1 Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals. (a) General provisions—(1) Allocation of...

26 CFR 1.873-1 - Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Corporations § 1.873-1 Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals. (a) General provisions—(1) Allocation of...

26 CFR 1.873-1 - Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Corporations § 1.873-1 Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals. (a) General provisions—(1) Allocation of...

5 CFR 831.1003 - Deductions from pay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deductions from pay. 831.1003 Section 831.1003 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) RETIREMENT CSRS Offset § 831.1003 Deductions from pay. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this...

42 CFR 409.82 - Inpatient hospital deductible.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inpatient hospital deductible. 409.82 Section 409.82 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES MEDICARE PROGRAM HOSPITAL INSURANCE BENEFITS Hospital Insurance Deductibles and Coinsurance § 409.82...

5 CFR 831.1003 - Deductions from pay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Deductions from pay. 831.1003 Section 831.1003 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) RETIREMENT CSRS Offset § 831.1003 Deductions from pay. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this...

Modeling the effects of argument length and validity on inductive and deductive reasoning.

PubMed

Rotello, Caren M; Heit, Evan

2009-09-01

In an effort to assess models of inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning, the authors, in 3 experiments, examined the effects of argument length and logical validity on evaluation of arguments. In Experiments 1a and 1b, participants were given either induction or deduction instructions for a common set of stimuli. Two distinct effects were observed: Induction judgments were more affected by argument length, and deduction judgments were more affected by validity. In Experiment 2, fluency was manipulated by displaying the materials in a low-contrast font, leading to increased sensitivity to logical validity. Several variants of 1-process and 2-process models of reasoning were assessed against the results. A 1-process model that assumed the same scale of argument strength underlies induction and deduction was not successful. A 2-process model that assumed separate, continuous informational dimensions of apparent deductive validity and associative strength gave the more successful account. (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved.

Do Medicare Beneficiaries Living With HIV/AIDS Choose Prescription Drug Plans That Minimize Their Total Spending?

PubMed

Desmond, Katherine A; Rice, Thomas H; Leibowitz, Arleen A

2017-01-01

This article examines whether California Medicare beneficiaries with HIV/AIDS choose Part D prescription drug plans that minimize their expenses. Among beneficiaries without low-income supplementation, we estimate the excess cost, and the insurance policy and beneficiary characteristics responsible, when the lowest cost plan is not chosen. We use a cost calculator developed for this study, and 2010 drug use data on 1453 California Medicare beneficiaries with HIV who were taking antiretroviral medications. Excess spending is defined as the difference between projected total spending (premium and cost sharing) for the beneficiary's current drug regimen in own plan vs spending for the lowest cost alternative plan. Regression analyses related this excess spending to individual and plan characteristics. We find that beneficiaries pay more for Medicare Part D plans with gap coverage and no deductible. Higher premiums for more extensive coverage exceeded savings in deductible and copayment/coinsurance costs. We conclude that many beneficiaries pay for plan features whose costs exceed their benefits.

Do Medicare Beneficiaries Living With HIV/AIDS Choose Prescription Drug Plans That Minimize Their Total Spending?

PubMed Central

Desmond, Katherine A.; Rice, Thomas H.; Leibowitz, Arleen A.

2017-01-01

This article examines whether California Medicare beneficiaries with HIV/AIDS choose Part D prescription drug plans that minimize their expenses. Among beneficiaries without low-income supplementation, we estimate the excess cost, and the insurance policy and beneficiary characteristics responsible, when the lowest cost plan is not chosen. We use a cost calculator developed for this study, and 2010 drug use data on 1453 California Medicare beneficiaries with HIV who were taking antiretroviral medications. Excess spending is defined as the difference between projected total spending (premium and cost sharing) for the beneficiary’s current drug regimen in own plan vs spending for the lowest cost alternative plan. Regression analyses related this excess spending to individual and plan characteristics. We find that beneficiaries pay more for Medicare Part D plans with gap coverage and no deductible. Higher premiums for more extensive coverage exceeded savings in deductible and copayment/coinsurance costs. We conclude that many beneficiaries pay for plan features whose costs exceed their benefits. PMID:28990452

Building a Definition of Irritability From Academic Definitions and Lay Descriptions.

PubMed

Barata, Paula C; Holtzman, Susan; Cunningham, Shannon; O'Connor, Brian P; Stewart, Donna E

2016-04-08

The current work builds a definition of irritability from both academic definitions and lay perspectives. In Study 1, a quantitative content analysis of academic definitions resulted in eight main content categories (i.e., behaviour, emotion or affect, cognition, physiological, qualifiers, irritant, stability or endurance, and other). In Study 2, a community sample of 39 adults participated in qualitative interviews. A deductive thematic analysis resulted in two main themes. The first main theme dealt with how participants positioned irritability in relation to other negative states. The second dealt with how participants constructed irritability as both a loss of control and as an experience that should be controlled. The discussion integrates the findings of both studies and provides a concise, but comprehensive definition.

78 FR 48606 - Guidance Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-09

... Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred Original Issue Discount... deduction of deferred original issue discount (OID) (deferred OID deductions) under section 108(i)(5)(D... original issue discount deductions of C corporations. * * * * * (b) * * * (2) * * * (iii) * * * (D...

26 CFR 1.274-5A - Substantiation requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...: (1) Traveling away from home (including meals and lodging) deductible under section 162 or 212, (2... the evidence indicated a taxpayer incurred deductible travel or entertainment expense but the exact... no deduction shall be allowed for any expenditure for travel, entertainment, or a gift unless the...

Proof Construction: Adolescent Development from Inductive to Deductive Problem-Solving Strategies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foltz, Carol; And Others

1995-01-01

Studied 100 adolescents' approaches to problem-solving proofs and reasoning competence tasks. Found that a formal level of reasoning competence is associated with a deductive approach. Results support the notion of a cognitive development progression from an inductive approach to a deductive approach. (ETB)

76 FR 64879 - Deduction for Qualified Film and Television Production Costs

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-19

... Deduction for Qualified Film and Television Production Costs AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS... regulations relating to deductions for the costs of producing film and television productions. Those temporary... 2008, and affect taxpayers that produce films and television productions within the United States. The...

20 CFR 71.3 - Deductions from benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Deductions from benefits. 71.3 Section 71.3 Employees' Benefits OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COMPENSATION FOR INJURY... JAPANESE GOVERNMENT GENERAL PROVISIONS § 71.3 Deductions from benefits. If a civilian American citizen or...

20 CFR 71.3 - Deductions from benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true Deductions from benefits. 71.3 Section 71.3 Employees' Benefits OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COMPENSATION FOR INJURY... JAPANESE GOVERNMENT GENERAL PROVISIONS § 71.3 Deductions from benefits. If a civilian American citizen or...

20 CFR 71.3 - Deductions from benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Deductions from benefits. 71.3 Section 71.3 Employees' Benefits OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COMPENSATION FOR INJURY... JAPANESE GOVERNMENT GENERAL PROVISIONS § 71.3 Deductions from benefits. If a civilian American citizen or...

17 CFR 256.426.5 - Other deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... deductible before determining total income before interest charges. (b) Records shall be so maintained by...) UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR MUTUAL SERVICE COMPANIES AND SUBSIDIARY SERVICE COMPANIES, PUBLIC UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 1935 Income and Expense Accounts § 256.426.5 Other deductions. (a) This account...

37 CFR 251.73 - Deduction of costs of distribution proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... OF CONGRESS COPYRIGHT ARBITRATION ROYALTY PANEL RULES AND PROCEDURES COPYRIGHT ARBITRATION ROYALTY PANEL RULES OF PROCEDURE Royalty Fee Distribution Proceedings § 251.73 Deduction of costs of... distributions of royalty fees are made, deduct the reasonable costs incurred by the Library of Congress and the...

42 CFR 409.80 - Inpatient deductible and coinsurance: General provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inpatient deductible and coinsurance: General provisions. 409.80 Section 409.80 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES MEDICARE PROGRAM HOSPITAL INSURANCE BENEFITS Hospital Insurance Deductibles and...

77 FR 45480 - Deductions for Entertainment Use of Business Aircraft

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-01

... Contribution Deduction A commentator suggested that the final regulations should include rules on charitable contribution deductions for the fixed costs of using aircraft for charitable purposes. These rules are outside... business, and no comments were received. Drafting Information The principal authors of these regulations...

29 CFR 541.603 - Effect of improper deductions from salary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 541.603 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... deductions; the number and geographic location of employees whose salary was improperly reduced; the number... classification working for the same managers responsible for the actual improper deductions. Employees in...

Amor and Social Stigma: ASD Beliefs Among Immigrant Mexican Parents.

PubMed

Cohen, Shana R; Miguel, Jessica

2018-06-01

This study examined cultural beliefs about ASD and its causes among Mexican-heritage families. In focus group interviews, we asked 25 immigrant parents of children with ASD to identify words they associated with ASD and its causes. Participants free-listed, ranked, and justified their responses. Mixed methods analyses utilized saliency scores to calculate responses. Deductive interview analyses justified participants' responses. Salient responses for ASD perceptions included specific characteristics about the child (e.g., loving) and perceptions about lack of resources. Salient responses for ASD causes were vaccines, genetics, and a combination of genetics and environment. Inductive analyses revealed distinct beliefs about social stigma, child characteristics, factors supporting development, and parents' emotional stress. Interpretations linked these beliefs to promising adaptations in diagnosis and treatment.

78 FR 39984 - Guidance Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-03

... Guidance Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred Original Issue... cancellation of debt (COD)) income (deferred COD income) and the accelerated deduction of deferred original... the deduction of deferred original issue discount that is otherwise includible or deductible under the...

Preparing for Formal Proofs in Geometry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Art

2009-01-01

One way in which geometry teachers can help students develop their reasoning is by providing proof-readiness experiences. Blum and Kirsch (1991) suggest that "preformal proofs" can help students develop deductive reasoning. Preformal proofs, which follow the basic principles of deductive reasoning, can help prepare students for formal deduction in…

26 CFR 1.584-6 - Net operating loss deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Net operating loss deduction. 1.584-6 Section 1.584-6 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Banking Institutions § 1.584-6 Net operating loss deduction. The net...

75 FR 68799 - Medicare Program; Inpatient Hospital Deductible and Hospital and Extended Care Services...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-09

... 0938-AP86 Medicare Program; Inpatient Hospital Deductible and Hospital and Extended Care Services.... SUMMARY: This notice announces the inpatient hospital deductible and the hospital and extended care... extended care services in a skilled nursing facility in a benefit period. DATES: Effective Date: This...

26 CFR 1.179-3 - Carryover of disallowed deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... deduction are selected by the taxpayer in the year the properties are placed in service. This selection must... no selection is made, the total carryover of disallowed deduction is apportioned equally over the... restaurant business. During 1992, ABC purchases and places in service two items of section 179 property—a...

38 CFR 8.4 - Deduction of insurance premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS NATIONAL SERVICE LIFE INSURANCE Premiums § 8.4 Deduction of insurance premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension. The insured under a National Service life insurance policy which is not lapsed may authorize the monthly deduction of premiums from disability...

38 CFR 8.4 - Deduction of insurance premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS NATIONAL SERVICE LIFE INSURANCE Premiums § 8.4 Deduction of insurance premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension. The insured under a National Service life insurance policy which is not lapsed may authorize the monthly deduction of premiums from disability...

20 CFR 226.35 - Deductions from regular annuity rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deductions from regular annuity rate. 226.35... COMPUTING EMPLOYEE, SPOUSE, AND DIVORCED SPOUSE ANNUITIES Computing a Spouse or Divorced Spouse Annuity § 226.35 Deductions from regular annuity rate. The regular annuity rate of the spouse and divorced...

34 CFR 32.10 - Deductions process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Deductions process. 32.10 Section 32.10 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education SALARY OFFSET TO RECOVER OVERPAYMENTS OF PAY OR ALLOWANCES FROM DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION EMPLOYEES § 32.10 Deductions process. (a) Debts must be collected in...

Changes Affecting Faculty Deductions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoyt, Christopher R.

1987-01-01

The Tax Reform Act of 1986 has brought faculty lower tax rates, but they have lost many tax deductions to which they were accustomed. The impact on higher education, the 80% limitation for meals and entertainment, travel, and the 2% adjusted gross income (AGI) floor for miscellaneous itemized deductions are discussed. (MLW)

On Inference Rules of Logic-Based Information Retrieval Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Patrick Shicheng

1994-01-01

Discussion of relevance and the needs of the users in information retrieval focuses on a deductive object-oriented approach and suggests eight inference rules for the deduction. Highlights include characteristics of a deductive object-oriented system, database and data modeling language, implementation, and user interface. (Contains 24…

29 CFR 783.45 - Deductions from wages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Deductions from wages. 783.45 Section 783.45 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STATEMENTS OF GENERAL... TO EMPLOYEES EMPLOYED AS SEAMEN Computation of Wages and Hours § 783.45 Deductions from wages. Where...

26 CFR 1.809-6 - Modifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... addition to reserves for bad debts under section 166(c). However, a deduction for specific bad debts shall...) Amortizable bond premium. No deduction shall be allowed under section 171 for the amortization of bond premiums since a special deduction for such premiums is specifically taken into account under section 818(b...

20 CFR 416.722 - Circumstances under which we make a penalty deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Circumstances under which we make a penalty deduction. 416.722 Section 416.722 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Reports Required Penalty Deductions § 416.722 Circumstances...

20 CFR 416.722 - Circumstances under which we make a penalty deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Circumstances under which we make a penalty deduction. 416.722 Section 416.722 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Reports Required Penalty Deductions § 416.722 Circumstances...

26 CFR 1.469-7 - Treatment of self-charged items of interest income and deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... The rules— (i) Treat certain interest income resulting from these lending transactions as passive... interest income as passive activity deductions; and (iii) Allocate the passive activity gross income and passive activity deductions resulting from this treatment among the taxpayer's activities. (2) Priority of...

Children's and adults' evaluation of the certainty of deductive inferences, inductive inferences, and guesses.

PubMed

Pillow, Bradford H

2002-01-01

Two experiments investigated kindergarten through fourth-grade children's and adults' (N = 128) ability to (1) evaluate the certainty of deductive inferences, inductive inferences, and guesses; and (2) explain the origins of inferential knowledge. When judging their own cognitive state, children in first grade and older rated deductive inferences as more certain than guesses; but when judging another person's knowledge, children did not distinguish valid inferences from invalid inferences and guesses until fourth grade. By third grade, children differentiated their own deductive inferences from inductive inferences and guesses, but only adults both differentiated deductive inferences from inductive inferences and differentiated inductive inferences from guesses. Children's recognition of their own inferences may contribute to the development of knowledge about cognitive processes, scientific reasoning, and a constructivist epistemology.

The Brain Network for Deductive Reasoning: A Quantitative Meta-analysis of 28 Neuroimaging Studies

PubMed Central

Prado, Jérôme; Chadha, Angad; Booth, James R.

2011-01-01

Over the course of the past decade, contradictory claims have been made regarding the neural bases of deductive reasoning. Researchers have been puzzled by apparent inconsistencies in the literature. Some have even questioned the effectiveness of the methodology used to study the neural bases of deductive reasoning. However, the idea that neuroimaging findings are inconsistent is not based on any quantitative evidence. Here, we report the results of a quantitative meta-analysis of 28 neuroimaging studies of deductive reasoning published between 1997 and 2010, combining 382 participants. Consistent areas of activations across studies were identified using the multilevel kernel density analysis method. We found that results from neuroimaging studies are more consistent than what has been previously assumed. Overall, studies consistently report activations in specific regions of a left fronto-parietal system, as well as in the left Basal Ganglia. This brain system can be decomposed into three subsystems that are specific to particular types of deductive arguments: relational, categorical, and propositional. These dissociations explain inconstancies in the literature. However, they are incompatible with the notion that deductive reasoning is supported by a single cognitive system relying either on visuospatial or rule-based mechanisms. Our findings provide critical insight into the cognitive organization of deductive reasoning and need to be accounted for by cognitive theories. PMID:21568632

29 CFR 3.9 - Prohibited payroll deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Prohibited payroll deductions. 3.9 Section 3.9 Labor Office of the Secretary of Labor CONTRACTORS AND SUBCONTRACTORS ON PUBLIC BUILDING OR PUBLIC WORK FINANCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART BY LOANS OR GRANTS FROM THE UNITED STATES § 3.9 Prohibited payroll deductions...

26 CFR 1.663(a)-3 - Denial of double deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...)-3 Denial of double deduction. No amount deemed to have been distributed to a beneficiary in a... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Denial of double deduction. 1.663(a)-3 Section 1.663(a)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX...

45 CFR 1801.45 - Deduction for benefits from other sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Deduction for benefits from other sources. 1801.45 Section 1801.45 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) HARRY S. TRUMAN... Deduction for benefits from other sources. The cost allowed for a Scholar's tuition, fees, books, room and...

Cultural Difference in Stereotype Perceptions and Performances in Nonverbal Deductive Reasoning and Creativity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wong, Regine; Niu, Weihua

2013-01-01

A total of 182 undergraduate students from China and the United States participated in a study examining the presence of stereotypical perceptions regarding creativity and deductive reasoning abilities, as well as the influence of stereotype on participants' performance on deductive reasoning and creativity in nonverbal form. The results showed…

Cortical Bases of Elementary Deductive Reasoning: Inference, Memory, and Metadeduction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reverberi, Carlo; Shallice, Tim; D'Agostini, Serena; Skrap, Miran; Bonatti, Luca L.

2009-01-01

Elementary deduction is the ability of unreflectively drawing conclusions from explicit or implicit premises, on the basis of their logical forms. This ability is involved in many aspects of human cognition and interactions. To date, limited evidence exists on its cortical bases. We propose a model of elementary deduction in which logical…

20 CFR 340.7 - Deduction in computation of death benefit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deduction in computation of death benefit... UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT RECOVERY OF BENEFITS § 340.7 Deduction in computation of death benefit. In computing... as benefits accrued to the individual but not paid at death. [57 FR 1379, Jan. 14, 1992] ...

Evolution of an Intelligent Deductive Logic Tutor Using Data-Driven Elements

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mostafavi, Behrooz; Barnes, Tiffany

2017-01-01

Deductive logic is essential to a complete understanding of computer science concepts, and is thus fundamental to computer science education. Intelligent tutoring systems with individualized instruction have been shown to increase learning gains. We seek to improve the way deductive logic is taught in computer science by developing an intelligent,…

26 CFR 1.181-1 - Deduction for qualified film and television production costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... amount of aggregate production costs that may be claimed as a deduction for a post-amendment production... provides special rules, including rules for recapture of the deduction. Section 1.181-5 provides examples... paid or incurred in connection with obtaining financing for the production (for example, premiums paid...

26 CFR 1.111-1 - Recovery of certain items previously deducted or credited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Recovery of certain items previously deducted or....111-1 Recovery of certain items previously deducted or credited. (a) General. Section 111 provides that income attributable to the recovery during any taxable year of bad debts, prior taxes, and...

26 CFR 1.111-1 - Recovery of certain items previously deducted or credited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Recovery of certain items previously deducted or....111-1 Recovery of certain items previously deducted or credited. (a) General. Section 111 provides that income attributable to the recovery during any taxable year of bad debts, prior taxes, and...

26 CFR 1.111-1 - Recovery of certain items previously deducted or credited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Recovery of certain items previously deducted or....111-1 Recovery of certain items previously deducted or credited. (a) General. Section 111 provides that income attributable to the recovery during any taxable year of bad debts, prior taxes, and...

26 CFR 1.111-1 - Recovery of certain items previously deducted or credited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Recovery of certain items previously deducted or....111-1 Recovery of certain items previously deducted or credited. (a) General. Section 111 provides that income attributable to the recovery during any taxable year of bad debts, prior taxes, and...

26 CFR 1.181-1T - Deduction for qualified film and television production costs (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Deduction for qualified film and television... Individuals and Corporations (continued) § 1.181-1T Deduction for qualified film and television production... provides definitions and rules concerning qualified film and television productions. Section 1.181-4...

26 CFR 1.170A-1 - Charitable, etc., contributions and gifts; allowance of deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... taxable year is allowable as a deduction in computing taxable income irrespective of the method of..., and the deduction for, amounts paid to maintain certain students as members of the taxpayer's... contributed property which are incurred in the year of contribution and would, under the method of accounting...

26 CFR 1.404(g)-1 - Deduction of employer liability payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...(g)-1 Section 1.404(g)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY.... § 1.404(g)-1 Deduction of employer liability payments. (a) General rule. Employer liability payments... deductible under section 404(g) and this section only if the payment satisfies the conditions of section 162...

26 CFR 1.404(g)-1 - Deduction of employer liability payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Deduction of employer liability payments. 1.404(g)-1 Section 1.404(g)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY.... § 1.404(g)-1 Deduction of employer liability payments. (a) General rule. Employer liability payments...

26 CFR 1.404(g)-1 - Deduction of employer liability payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...(g)-1 Section 1.404(g)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY.... § 1.404(g)-1 Deduction of employer liability payments. (a) General rule. Employer liability payments... deductible under section 404(g) and this section only if the payment satisfies the conditions of section 162...

26 CFR 1.404(g)-1 - Deduction of employer liability payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...(g)-1 Section 1.404(g)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY.... § 1.404(g)-1 Deduction of employer liability payments. (a) General rule. Employer liability payments... deductible under section 404(g) and this section only if the payment satisfies the conditions of section 162...

26 CFR 20.2053-9 - Deduction for certain State death taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... citizens), but only if (1) the conditions stated in paragraph (b) of this section are met, and (2) an... which section 2058 is applicable. (b) Condition for allowance of deduction. (1) The deduction is not... decedent's gross estate. For allowance of the credit, it is sufficient if either of these conditions is...

Mathematical Induction: Deductive Logic Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dogan, Hamide

2016-01-01

Many studies mentioned the deductive nature of Mathematical Induction (MI) proofs but almost all fell short in explaining its potential role in the formation of the misconceptions reported in the literature. This paper is the first of its kind looking at the misconceptions from the perspective of the abstract of the deductive logic from one's…

78 FR 64953 - Medicare Program; Inpatient Hospital Deductible and Hospital and Extended Care Services...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-30

... 0938-AR59 Medicare Program; Inpatient Hospital Deductible and Hospital and Extended Care Services.... SUMMARY: This notice announces the inpatient hospital deductible and the hospital and extended care... lifetime reserve days; and $152 for the 21st through 100th day of extended care services in a skilled...

77 FR 69848 - Medicare Program; Inpatient Hospital Deductible and Hospital and Extended Care Services...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-21

... 0938-AR14 Medicare Program; Inpatient Hospital Deductible and Hospital and Extended Care Services.... SUMMARY: This notice announces the inpatient hospital deductible and the hospital and extended care... lifetime reserve days; and $148 for the 21st through 100th day of extended care services in a skilled...

76 FR 67567 - Medicare Program; Inpatient Hospital Deductible and Hospital and Extended Care Services...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-01

... Extended Care Services Coinsurance Amounts for CY 2012; Part A Premiums for CY 2012 for the Uninsured Aged... Program; Inpatient Hospital Deductible and Hospital and Extended Care Services Coinsurance Amounts for CY... announces the inpatient hospital deductible and the hospital and extended care services coinsurance amounts...

76 FR 71450 - Deduction for Qualified Film and Television Production Costs; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-18

... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Part 1 [TD 9552] RIN 1545-BJ24 Deduction for Qualified Film and Television Production Costs; Correction AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service... Register on Wednesday, October 19, 2011 (76 FR 64816) relating to deductions for the cost of producing film...

78 FR 52827 - Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations: Income Deductions and Resource Eligibility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-27

... standard deduction. Both commenters observed that an applicant's statement is acceptable as proof to receive the standard deduction under SNAP. SNAP allows for self-declaration of shelter/utility expenses at or below the applicable standard. However in SNAP, all expenses a household wishes to claim or which...

26 CFR 1.168(k)-1 - Additional first year depreciation deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

....168(k)-1 Section 1.168(k)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY... Corporations § 1.168(k)-1 Additional first year depreciation deduction. (a) Scope and definitions—(1) Scope... deduction allowable under section 168(k)(1) for qualified property and the 50-percent additional first year...

26 CFR 1.108-7 - Reduction of attributes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section, the aggregate amount of the shareholders' losses or deductions that are... deductions of a shareholder that transfers all of the shareholder's stock in the S corporation during the... shall be allocated to the shareholder or shareholders of the S corporation as a loss or deduction that...

40 CFR 77.5 - Deduction of allowances to offset excess emissions of sulfur dioxide.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Deduction of allowances to offset excess emissions of sulfur dioxide. 77.5 Section 77.5 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) EXCESS EMISSIONS § 77.5 Deduction of allowances to offset...

20 CFR 404.451 - Penalty deductions for failure to report within prescribed time limit noncovered remunerative...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Penalty deductions for failure to report... care of a child. 404.451 Section 404.451 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Deductions; Reductions; and Nonpayments of Benefits...

26 CFR 1.911-6 - Disallowance of deductions, exclusions, and credits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... credits. 1.911-6 Section 1.911-6 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY... States § 1.911-6 Disallowance of deductions, exclusions, and credits. (a) In general. No deduction or... or chargeable against amounts excluded from gross income under section 911(a). For purposes of the...

26 CFR 1.911-6 - Disallowance of deductions, exclusions, and credits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... credits. 1.911-6 Section 1.911-6 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY... States § 1.911-6 Disallowance of deductions, exclusions, and credits. (a) In general. No deduction or... or chargeable against amounts excluded from gross income under section 911(a). For purposes of the...

26 CFR 1.911-6 - Disallowance of deductions, exclusions, and credits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... credits. 1.911-6 Section 1.911-6 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY... States § 1.911-6 Disallowance of deductions, exclusions, and credits. (a) In general. No deduction or... or chargeable against amounts excluded from gross income under section 911(a). For purposes of the...

26 CFR 1.911-6 - Disallowance of deductions, exclusions, and credits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... credits. 1.911-6 Section 1.911-6 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY... States § 1.911-6 Disallowance of deductions, exclusions, and credits. (a) In general. No deduction or... or chargeable against amounts excluded from gross income under section 911(a). For purposes of the...

46 CFR 69.119 - Spaces deducted from gross tonnage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Spaces deducted from gross tonnage. 69.119 Section 69... VESSELS MEASUREMENT OF VESSELS Standard Measurement System § 69.119 Spaces deducted from gross tonnage. (a) Purpose. This section lists the requirements for spaces (other than propelling machinery spaces under § 69...

29 CFR 531.38 - Amounts deducted for taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Amounts deducted for taxes. 531.38 Section 531.38 Labor... Employees § 531.38 Amounts deducted for taxes. Taxes which are assessed against the employee and which are... unemployment insurance taxes, as well as other Federal, State, or local taxes, levies, and assessments. No...

Nonindustrial private forest owner use of federal income tax provisions

Treesearch

John L. Greene; Thomas J. Straka; Robert J. Dee

2004-01-01

Seven provisions of the federal income tax provide incentives for nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) owners to follow sound management and reforestation practices. Four provisions ­ long-term capital gain treatment of qualifying income, annual deduction of management costs, depreciation and the section 179 deduction, and deductions for casualty losses or other...

24 CFR 17.134 - Procedures for salary offset: when deductions may begin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Procedures for salary offset: when deductions may begin. 17.134 Section 17.134 Housing and Urban Development Office of the Secretary, Department... Government Salary Offset Provisions § 17.134 Procedures for salary offset: when deductions may begin. (a...

18 CFR 367.4112 - Account 411.2, Provision for deferred income taxes-Credit, other income and deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., Provision for deferred income taxes-Credit, other income and deductions. 367.4112 Section 367.4112... deferred taxes and deferrals of taxes, credit, that relate to other income and deductions. ... Accounts Service Company Operating Income § 367.4112 Account 411.2, Provision for deferred income taxes...

20 CFR 340.7 - Deduction in computation of death benefit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Deduction in computation of death benefit... UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT RECOVERY OF BENEFITS § 340.7 Deduction in computation of death benefit. In computing... as benefits accrued to the individual but not paid at death. [57 FR 1379, Jan. 14, 1992] ...

20 CFR 340.7 - Deduction in computation of death benefit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true Deduction in computation of death benefit. 340... UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT RECOVERY OF BENEFITS § 340.7 Deduction in computation of death benefit. In computing... as benefits accrued to the individual but not paid at death. [57 FR 1379, Jan. 14, 1992] ...

20 CFR 340.7 - Deduction in computation of death benefit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Deduction in computation of death benefit... UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT RECOVERY OF BENEFITS § 340.7 Deduction in computation of death benefit. In computing... as benefits accrued to the individual but not paid at death. [57 FR 1379, Jan. 14, 1992] ...

20 CFR 340.7 - Deduction in computation of death benefit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2014-04-01 2012-04-01 true Deduction in computation of death benefit. 340... UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT RECOVERY OF BENEFITS § 340.7 Deduction in computation of death benefit. In computing... as benefits accrued to the individual but not paid at death. [57 FR 1379, Jan. 14, 1992] ...

20 CFR 404.402 - Interrelationship of deductions, reductions, adjustments, and nonpayment of benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Interrelationship of deductions, reductions, adjustments, and nonpayment of benefits. 404.402 Section 404.402 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Deductions; Reductions; and Nonpayments of Benefits § 404.402...

Differential Involvement of Left Prefrontal Cortexin Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goel, Vinod; Dolan, Raymond J.

2004-01-01

While inductive and deductive reasoning are considered distinct logical and psychological processes, little is known about their respective neural basis. To address this issue we scanned 16 subjects with fMRI, using an event-related design, while they engaged in inductive and deductive reasoning tasks. Both types of reasoning were characterized by…

What is the role of induction and deduction in reasoning and scientific inquiry?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lawson, Anton E.

2005-08-01

A long-standing and continuing controversy exists regarding the role of induction and deduction in reasoning and in scientific inquiry. Given the inherent difficulty in reconstructing reasoning patterns based on personal and historical accounts, evidence about the nature of human reasoning in scientific inquiry has been sought from a controlled experiment designed to identify the role played by enumerative induction and deduction in cognition as well as from the relatively new field of neural modeling. Both experimental results and the neurological models imply that induction across a limited set of observations plays no role in task performance and in reasoning. Therefore, support has been obtained for Popper's hypothesis that enumerative induction does not exist as a psychological process. Instead, people appear to process information in terms of increasingly abstract cycles of hypothetico-deductive reasoning. Consequently, science instruction should provide students with opportunities to generate and test increasingly complex and abstract hypotheses and theories in a hypothetico-deductive manner. In this way students can be expected to become increasingly conscious of their underlying hypothetico-deductive thought processes, increasingly skilled in their application, and hence increasingly scientifically literate.

Identifying factors perceived to influence the development of elite youth football academy players.

PubMed

Mills, Andrew; Butt, Joanne; Maynard, Ian; Harwood, Chris

2012-01-01

Based on the developmental theory presented by Gagné (2009), we examined the factors perceived to influence the development of elite youth football players at a critical stage in their progression to the professional level. Transcribed interviews with ten expert development coaches were inductively and deductively content analysed. Conceptualisation of the data revealed six interrelated higher-order categories that represented the factors perceived to either positively or negatively influence player development. These were: awareness (e.g. self-awareness, awareness of others); resilience (e.g. coping with setbacks, optimistic attitude); goal-directed attributes (e.g. passion, professional attitude); intelligence (e.g. sport intelligence, emotional competence); sport-specific attributes (e.g. coachability, competitiveness); and environmental factors (e.g. significant others, culture of game). In this investigation, awareness emerged as a fundamental and mediating element for understanding how young players are able to transition to the professional level. Collectively, the findings underline the multidimensional nature of talent development and suggest that an intricate combination of stage-specific factors must manifest for gifted young players to translate their potential into excellence. Mechanisms by which academies could be helped to shape the characteristics and conditions associated with effective development are discussed.

First-line managers' descriptions and reflections regarding their staff's access to empowering structures.

PubMed

Skytt, Bernice; Hagerman, Heidi; Strömberg, Annika; Engström, Maria

2015-11-01

To elucidate first-line managers' descriptions and reflections regarding their staff's access to empowering structures using Kanter's theory of structural empowerment. Good structural conditions within workplaces are essential to employees' wellbeing, and their ability to access empowerment structures is largely dependent on the management. Twenty-eight first-line managers in elderly care were interviewed. Deductive qualitative content analysis was used to analyse data. Managers perceived that staff had varying degrees of access to the empowering structures described in Kanter's theory - and that they possessed formal power in their roles as contact persons and representatives. The descriptions mostly started from the managers' own actions, although some started from the needs of staff members. All managers described their staff's access to the empowering structures in Kanter's theory as important, yet it seemed as though this was not always reflected on and discussed as a strategic issue. Managers could make use of performance and appraisal dialogues to keep up to date on staff's access to empowering structures. Recurrent discussions in the management group based on such current information could promote staff's access to power through empowering structures and make job definitions a strategic issue in the organisation. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Suitability Assessment of Printed Dietary Guidelines for Pregnant Women and Parents of Infants and Toddlers From 7 European Countries.

PubMed

Garnweidner-Holme, Lisa Maria; Dolvik, Stina; Frisvold, Cathrine; Mosdøl, Annhild

2016-02-01

To evaluate selected European printed dietary guidelines for pregnant women and parents of infants and toddlers using the suitability assessment of materials (SAM) method. A descriptive study to determine the suitability of 14 printed dietary guidelines from 7 European countries based on deductive quantitative analyses. Materials varied greatly in format and content: 35.7% of materials were rated superior and 64.3% were rated adequate according to the overall SAM score for patient education material. None of the materials were scored not suitable. Among the categories, the highest average scores were for layout and typography and the lowest average scores were for cultural appropriateness and learning stimulation and motivation. Interrater reliability ranged from Cohen's kappa of 0.37 to 0.62 (mean, 0.41), indicating fair to moderate agreement among the 3 investigators. Overall, the suitability of the assessed printed dietary guidelines was adequate. Based on the SAM methodology, printed dietary guidelines may increase in suitability by emphasizing aspects related to health literacy and accommodating the needs of different food cultures within a population. Copyright © 2016 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

26 CFR 1.601-1 - Special deduction for bank affiliates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Special deduction for bank affiliates. 1.601-1... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Bank Affiliates § 1.601-1 Special deduction for bank... of a bank, as defined in section 2 of the Banking Act of 1933 (12 U.S.C. 221a), which holding company...

26 CFR 1.601-1 - Special deduction for bank affiliates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Special deduction for bank affiliates. 1.601-1... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Bank Affiliates § 1.601-1 Special deduction for bank... of a bank, as defined in section 2 of the Banking Act of 1933 (12 U.S.C. 221a), which holding company...

45 CFR 162.1702 - Standards for health plan premium payments transaction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... March 16, 2009: The ASC X12N 820—Payroll Deducted and Other Group Premium Payment for Insurance Products, Version 4010, May 2000, Washington Publishing Company, 004010X061, and Addenda to Payroll Deducted and... ASC X12 Standards for Electronic Data Interchange Technical Report Type 3—Payroll Deducted and Other...

29 CFR 3.6 - Payroll deductions permissible with the approval of the Secretary of Labor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Payroll deductions permissible with the approval of the Secretary of Labor. 3.6 Section 3.6 Labor Office of the Secretary of Labor CONTRACTORS AND SUBCONTRACTORS ON....6 Payroll deductions permissible with the approval of the Secretary of Labor. Any contractor or...

26 CFR 1.809-7 - Limitation on certain deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... (a) In general. Section 809(f)(1) limits the deductions under section 809(d) (3), (5), and (6...(d)(6) (relating to group life, accident, and health insurance); (ii) Then to the amount of the... under section 809(d)(6); and (iii) Finally to the amount of the deduction under section 809(d)(5). Thus...

78 FR 19949 - The $500,000 Deduction Limitation for Remuneration Provided by Certain Health Insurance Providers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-02

... 26 CFR Part 1 The $500,000 Deduction Limitation for Remuneration Provided by Certain Health Insurance...-12] RIN 1545-BK88 The $500,000 Deduction Limitation for Remuneration Provided by Certain Health... limitation for remuneration provided by certain health insurance providers under section 162(m)(6) of the...

26 CFR 1.663(a)-3 - Denial of double deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Corpus § 1.663(a)-3 Denial of double deduction. No amount deemed to have been distributed to a... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Denial of double deduction. 1.663(a)-3 Section 1.663(a)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX...

26 CFR 1.671-3 - Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax. 1.671-3 Section 1.671-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT... Treated As Substantial Owners § 1.671-3 Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits...

26 CFR 1.671-3 - Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax. 1.671-3 Section 1.671-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT... Treated As Substantial Owners § 1.671-3 Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits...

26 CFR 1.671-3 - Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax. 1.671-3 Section 1.671-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT... Treated As Substantial Owners § 1.671-3 Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits...

Indicators and associated decay of Engelmann spruce in Colorado

Treesearch

Thomas E. Hinds; Frank G. Hawksworth

1966-01-01

Average cull deductions for 11 cull indicators were determined from over 2,000 abnormalities on 1,027 merchantable Engelmann spruce in 21 stands throughout Colorado. On a board-foot basis, Fomes pini punk knots or sporophores caused an 81 percent deduction. Deduction for broken tops or dead tops with adjacent dead rust brooms amounted to 24 percent....

26 CFR 1.170A-13 - Recordkeeping and return requirements for deductions for charitable contributions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Recordkeeping and return requirements for deductions for charitable contributions. 1.170A-13 Section 1.170A-13 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Itemized Deductions for Individuals and Corporations (continued) §...

26 CFR 1.170A-13 - Recordkeeping and return requirements for deductions for charitable contributions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Recordkeeping and return requirements for deductions for charitable contributions. 1.170A-13 Section 1.170A-13 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Itemized Deductions for Individuals and Corporations ...

26 CFR 20.2053-9 - Deduction for certain State death taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...), but only if (1) the conditions stated in paragraph (b) of this section are met, and (2) an election is... 2058 is applicable. (b) Condition for allowance of deduction. (1) The deduction is not allowed unless... gross estate. For allowance of the credit, it is sufficient if either of these conditions is satisfied...

26 CFR 301.6682-1 - False information with respect to withholding allowances based on itemized deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false False information with respect to withholding allowances based on itemized deductions. 301.6682-1 Section 301.6682-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE... Amounts § 301.6682-1 False information with respect to withholding allowances based on itemized deductions...

26 CFR 1.404(k)-3 - Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... payments. 1.404(k)-3 Section 1.404(k)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE.... § 1.404(k)-3 Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments. Q-1: Are payments to reacquire stock held by an ESOP applicable dividends that are deductible under section 404(k)(1)? A-1: (a...

26 CFR 1.404(k)-3 - Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... payments. 1.404(k)-3 Section 1.404(k)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Plans, Etc. § 1.404(k)-3 Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments. Q-1: Are payments to reacquire stock held by an ESOP applicable dividends that are deductible under section 404(k)(1)? A-1: (a...

26 CFR 1.404(k)-3 - Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... payments. 1.404(k)-3 Section 1.404(k)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Plans, Etc. § 1.404(k)-3 Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments. Q-1: Are payments to reacquire stock held by an ESOP applicable dividends that are deductible under section 404(k)(1)? A-1: (a...

26 CFR 1.404(k)-3 - Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... payments. 1.404(k)-3 Section 1.404(k)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Plans, Etc. § 1.404(k)-3 Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments. Q-1: Are payments to reacquire stock held by an ESOP applicable dividends that are deductible under section 404(k)(1)? A-1: (a...

26 CFR 1.404(k)-3 - Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... payments. 1.404(k)-3 Section 1.404(k)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Plans, Etc. § 1.404(k)-3 Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments. Q-1: Are payments to reacquire stock held by an ESOP applicable dividends that are deductible under section 404(k)(1)? A-1: (a...

26 CFR 1.671-3 - Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax. 1.671-3 Section 1.671-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT... Substantial Owners § 1.671-3 Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax. (a) When...

42 CFR 408.71 - Change from deduction or State payment to direct remittance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Change from deduction or State payment to direct...: Individual Payment § 408.71 Change from deduction or State payment to direct remittance. (a) Basis for change...) The enrollee's entitlement to social security or railroad retirement benefits ends for any reason...

26 CFR 1.280F-1T - Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview... passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview of regulations (temporary). (a) In general... deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles. Section 280F(b) denies the investment tax credit and...

26 CFR 1.280F-1T - Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview... passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview of regulations (temporary). (a) In general... deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles. Section 280F(b) denies the investment tax credit and...

26 CFR 1.280F-1T - Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview... passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview of regulations (temporary). (a) In general... deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles. Section 280F(b) denies the investment tax credit and...

26 CFR 1.280F-1T - Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview... passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview of regulations (temporary). (a) In general... deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles. Section 280F(b) denies the investment tax credit and...

26 CFR 1.280F-1T - Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview... Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and... section 168 for passenger automobiles. Section 280F(b) denies the investment tax credit and requires use...

26 CFR 1.671-3 - Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax. 1.671-3 Section 1.671-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT... Treated As Substantial Owners § 1.671-3 Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits...

26 CFR 1.1312-2 - Double allowance of a deduction or credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... return for 1950 claimed and was allowed a deduction for destruction of timber by a forest fire. Subsequently, it was discovered that the forest fire occurred in 1951 rather than 1950. After the expiration of... refund for 1951 based upon a deduction for the fire loss in that year. The Commissioner in 1955 allows...

26 CFR 1.1312-2 - Double allowance of a deduction or credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... taxpayer in his return for 1950 claimed and was allowed a deduction for destruction of timber by a forest fire. Subsequently, it was discovered that the forest fire occurred in 1951 rather than 1950. After the... claim for refund for 1951 based upon a deduction for the fire loss in that year. The Commissioner in...

The Brain Network for Deductive Reasoning: A Quantitative Meta-Analysis of 28 Neuroimaging Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prado, Jerome; Chadha, Angad; Booth, James R.

2011-01-01

Over the course of the past decade, contradictory claims have been made regarding the neural bases of deductive reasoning. Researchers have been puzzled by apparent inconsistencies in the literature. Some have even questioned the effectiveness of the methodology used to study the neural bases of deductive reasoning. However, the idea that…

26 CFR 1.1382-3 - Taxable income of cooperatives; special deductions for exempt farmers' cooperatives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... deductions for exempt farmers' cooperatives. 1.1382-3 Section 1.1382-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE... Patrons § 1.1382-3 Taxable income of cooperatives; special deductions for exempt farmers' cooperatives. (a) In general. (1) Section 1382(c) provides that in determining the taxable income of a farmers', fruit...

46 CFR 69.121 - Engine room deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Engine room deduction. 69.121 Section 69.121 Shipping... MEASUREMENT OF VESSELS Standard Measurement System § 69.121 Engine room deduction. (a) General. The engine...) Space below the crown. The crown is the top of the main space of the engine room to which the heights of...

46 CFR 69.121 - Engine room deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Engine room deduction. 69.121 Section 69.121 Shipping... MEASUREMENT OF VESSELS Standard Measurement System § 69.121 Engine room deduction. (a) General. The engine...) Space below the crown. The crown is the top of the main space of the engine room to which the heights of...

26 CFR 1.162-25T - Deductions with respect to noncash fringe benefits (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... ordinary and necessary business expense of leasing the property. (b) [Reserved] (c) Examples. The following... recovery deduction under section 168 or a deduction under section 179 for an expense not chargeable to... the use of the automobile by E is in connection with X's trade or business. If X uses the special rule...

42 CFR 408.71 - Change from deduction or State payment to direct remittance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Change from deduction or State payment to direct...: Individual Payment § 408.71 Change from deduction or State payment to direct remittance. (a) Basis for change...) The enrollee's entitlement to social security or railroad retirement benefits ends for any reason...

26 CFR 25.2523(h)-1 - Denial of double deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Denial of double deduction. 25.2523(h)-1 Section 25.2523(h)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) ESTATE AND GIFT TAXES GIFT TAX; GIFTS MADE AFTER DECEMBER 31, 1954 Deductions § 25.2523(h)-1 Denial of...

20 CFR 416.732 - No penalty deduction if you have good cause for failure to report timely.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false No penalty deduction if you have good cause for failure to report timely. 416.732 Section 416.732 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Reports Required Penalty Deductions...

20 CFR 416.732 - No penalty deduction if you have good cause for failure to report timely.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false No penalty deduction if you have good cause for failure to report timely. 416.732 Section 416.732 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Reports Required Penalty Deductions...

Relations between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning.

PubMed

Heit, Evan; Rotello, Caren M

2010-05-01

One of the most important open questions in reasoning research is how inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning are related. In an effort to address this question, we applied methods and concepts from memory research. We used 2 experiments to examine the effects of logical validity and premise-conclusion similarity on evaluation of arguments. Experiment 1 showed 2 dissociations: For a common set of arguments, deduction judgments were more affected by validity, and induction judgments were more affected by similarity. Moreover, Experiment 2 showed that fast deduction judgments were like induction judgments-in terms of being more influenced by similarity and less influenced by validity, compared with slow deduction judgments. These novel results pose challenges for a 1-process account of reasoning and are interpreted in terms of a 2-process account of reasoning, which was implemented as a multidimensional signal detection model and applied to receiver operating characteristic data. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved.

Locum physicians' professional ethos: a qualitative interview study from Germany.

PubMed

Salloch, Sabine; Apitzsch, Birgit; Wilkesmann, Maximiliane; Ruiner, Caroline

2018-05-08

In contrast to other countries, the appearance of locum physicians as independent contractors constitutes a rather new phenomenon in the German health care system and emerged out of a growing economization and shortage of medical staff in the hospital sector. Locums are a special type of self-employed professionals who are only temporally embedded in organisational contexts of hospitals, and this might have consequences for their professional practice. Therefore, questions arise regarding how locums perceive their ethical duties as medical professionals. In this first qualitative study on German locum physicians, the locums' own perspective is complemented by the viewpoint of permanently employed physician colleagues. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2014 to explore the professional practice of locum physicians from both groups' perspectives with respect to doctor-patient-relationship, cooperation with colleagues and physicians' role in society. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis, including a deductive application and an inductive development of codes. The results were related to key tenets of medical professionalism with respect to the question: how far do locums fulfil their ethical duties towards patients, colleagues and the society? The study indicates that although ethical requirements are met broadly, difficulties remain with respect to close doctor-patient contact and the sustainability of hiring locums as a remedy in times of staff shortage. Further qualitative and quantitative research on locum physicians' professional practice, including patient perspectives and economic health care system analyses, is needed to better understand the ethical impact of hiring independent contractors in the hospital sector.

29 CFR 3.5 - Payroll deductions permissible without application to or approval of the Secretary of Labor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Payroll deductions permissible without application to or approval of the Secretary of Labor. 3.5 Section 3.5 Labor Office of the Secretary of Labor CONTRACTORS AND... STATES § 3.5 Payroll deductions permissible without application to or approval of the Secretary of Labor...

Modeling the Effects of Argument Length and Validity on Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rotello, Caren M.; Heit, Evan

2009-01-01

In an effort to assess models of inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning, the authors, in 3 experiments, examined the effects of argument length and logical validity on evaluation of arguments. In Experiments 1a and 1b, participants were given either induction or deduction instructions for a common set of stimuli. Two distinct effects were…

26 CFR 1.1312-5 - Correlative deductions and inclusions for trusts or estates and legatees, beneficiaries, or heirs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Correlative deductions and inclusions for... inclusions for trusts or estates and legatees, beneficiaries, or heirs. (a) Paragraph (5) of section 1312... determination relates to the amount of the deduction allowed by sections 651 and 661 or the inclusion in taxable...

26 CFR 1.1312-5 - Correlative deductions and inclusions for trusts or estates and legatees, beneficiaries, or heirs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Correlative deductions and inclusions for... inclusions for trusts or estates and legatees, beneficiaries, or heirs. (a) Paragraph (5) of section 1312... determination relates to the amount of the deduction allowed by sections 651 and 661 or the inclusion in taxable...

26 CFR 1.1312-5 - Correlative deductions and inclusions for trusts or estates and legatees, beneficiaries, or heirs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Correlative deductions and inclusions for... inclusions for trusts or estates and legatees, beneficiaries, or heirs. (a) Paragraph (5) of section 1312... determination relates to the amount of the deduction allowed by sections 651 and 661 or the inclusion in taxable...

Deductive Reasoning to Teach Newton's Law of Motion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Han Su; Park, Jongwon

2013-01-01

Finding out about and then understanding the forces acting on a moving object, based on a description of the change in motion of this object, is an important part of the conceptual understanding of Newton's law of motion. Using Hempel's deductive-normative model for scientific explanation, we developed a deductive explanation task (DET),…

26 CFR 1.181-1T - Deduction for qualified film and television production costs (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deduction for qualified film and television... and Corporations (continued) § 1.181-1T Deduction for qualified film and television production costs... film or television production (as defined in § 1.181-3T(b)) that the owner reasonably expects will be...

26 CFR 1.1312-5 - Correlative deductions and inclusions for trusts or estates and legatees, beneficiaries, or heirs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Correlative deductions and inclusions for... inclusions for trusts or estates and legatees, beneficiaries, or heirs. (a) Paragraph (5) of section 1312... determination relates to the amount of the deduction allowed by sections 651 and 661 or the inclusion in taxable...

26 CFR 1.941-1 - Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations. 1.941-1 Section 1.941-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) China Trade Act Corporations § 1.941-1 Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations....

26 CFR 1.280C-1 - Disallowance of certain deductions for wage or salary expenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... salary expenses. 1.280C-1 Section 1.280C-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... certain deductions for wage or salary expenses. If an employer elects to claim the targeted jobs credit... deduction for wage or salary expenses paid or incurred in the year the credit is earned by the amount...

26 CFR 1.547-5 - Deduction denied in case of fraud or wilful failure to file timely return.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... failure to file timely return. 1.547-5 Section 1.547-5 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Personal Holding Companies § 1.547-5 Deduction denied in case of fraud or wilful failure to file timely return. No deduction...

26 CFR 1.547-5 - Deduction denied in case of fraud or wilful failure to file timely return.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... failure to file timely return. 1.547-5 Section 1.547-5 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Personal Holding Companies § 1.547-5 Deduction denied in case of fraud or wilful failure to file timely return. No deduction...

26 CFR 1.42A-1 - General tax credit for taxable years ending after December 31, 1975, and before January 1, 1979.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... exceed $9,000, or (ii) $35 multiplied by the total number of deductions for personal exemptions to which... thereunder (relating to allowance of deductions for personal exemptions with respect to the individual, the... total number of deductions for personal exemptions shall not include any additional exemptions to which...

26 CFR 1.42A-1 - General tax credit for taxable years ending after December 31, 1975, and before January 1, 1979.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... exceed $9,000, or (ii) $35 multiplied by the total number of deductions for personal exemptions to which... thereunder (relating to allowance of deductions for personal exemptions with respect to the individual, the... total number of deductions for personal exemptions shall not include any additional exemptions to which...

26 CFR 1.404(a)-2 - Information to be furnished by employer claiming deductions; taxable years ending before December...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... deductions; taxable years ending before December 31, 1971. 1.404(a)-2 Section 1.404(a)-2 Internal Revenue... employer claiming deductions; taxable years ending before December 31, 1971. (a) For the first taxable year... 25 highest paid employees covered by the plan in the taxable year, listed in order of their...

5 CFR Appendix A to Subpart H of... - Information on Computing Certain Common Deductions From Back Pay Awards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Deductions From Back Pay Awards A Appendix A to Subpart H of Part 550 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PAY ADMINISTRATION (GENERAL) Back Pay Pt. 550, Subpt. H, App. A Appendix A to Subpart H of Part 550—Information on Computing Certain Common Deductions From Back...

12 CFR 208.73 - What additional provisions are applicable to state member banks with financial subsidiaries?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... subsidiaries from both the bank's Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital; and (ii) Deduct the entire amount of the... deducted from the bank's Tier 1 capital. (b) Financial statement disclosure of capital deduction. Any... (including the well capitalized standard of § 208.71(a)(1)): (1) The bank must not consolidate the assets and...

Service contract of Renault Kerax 440 truck with deductible and policy limit coverage modification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bustami, Pasaribu, Udjianna. S.; Husniah, Hennie

2016-02-01

In this paper we discuss a service contracts with coverage modification that only offer preventive maintenance and corrective maintenance for Renault Kerax 440 Truck by service contract provider. Corrective maintenance costs is modified with deductible and policy limit during the period of the service contract. Demand for a service contract is only influenced by the price of the service contract, deductible, and policy limit offered by producer to consumer. The main problem in this thesis is determining the price of a service contract, deductible, and policy limit to get maximum profit for producer for each of service contract.

Metacognition in speech and language therapy for children with social (pragmatic) communication disorders: implications for a theory of therapy.

PubMed

Gaile, Jacqueline; Adams, Catherine

2018-01-01

Metacognition is a significant component of complex interventions for children who have developmental language disorders. Research into how metacognition operates in the content or process of developmental language therapy delivery is limited. Identification and description of proposed active therapy components, such as metacognition, may contribute to our understanding of how to deliver complex communication interventions in an optimal manner. To analyse aspects of metacognition during therapy derived from a manualized speech and language intervention (the Social Communication Intervention Programme-SCIP) as delivered to children who have social (pragmatic) communication disorder (SPCD) and to examine the dynamic process of delivering therapy. A purposive sample of eight filmed therapy sessions was selected from the video data corpus of intervention-arm participants within a randomized controlled trial. The child-therapist interactions during therapy sessions from five children (aged between 5;11 and 10;3) in the SCIP trial were transcribed. Filmed sessions represented a variety of communication profiles and SCIP therapy content. Starting from existing theory on metacognition, cycles of iterative analysis were performed using a mixed inductive-deductive qualitative analysis. A preliminary list of metacognitive content embedded in the intervention was developed into a metacognitive coding framework (MCF). A thematic analysis of the identified metacognitive content of the intervention was then carried out across the whole sample. Thematic analysis revealed the presence of metacognition in the content and delivery of SCIP intervention. Four main themes of metacognitive person, task and strategy knowledge, and monitoring/control were identified. Metacognition was a feature of how children's ability to monitor language, pragmatic and social interaction skills, in themselves and other people, was developed. Task design and delivery methods were found to play a particular role in adjusting the metacognitive content of the therapy activities. This study makes explicit the metacognitive content and delivery within a complex developmental communication intervention. Discussion of the findings about metacognitive content provides an explanation of how the skilled speech and language therapist manipulates task demands, person knowledge and therapy methods towards the therapy goal. Clinical applications of the metacognitive framework are discussed. We suggest that the process of making the tacit knowledge of the therapist explicit can contribute to the implementation of complex evidence-based interventions. © 2017 Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists.

Inferring ontology graph structures using OWL reasoning.

PubMed

Rodríguez-García, Miguel Ángel; Hoehndorf, Robert

2018-01-05

Ontologies are representations of a conceptualization of a domain. Traditionally, ontologies in biology were represented as directed acyclic graphs (DAG) which represent the backbone taxonomy and additional relations between classes. These graphs are widely exploited for data analysis in the form of ontology enrichment or computation of semantic similarity. More recently, ontologies are developed in a formal language such as the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and consist of a set of axioms through which classes are defined or constrained. While the taxonomy of an ontology can be inferred directly from the axioms of an ontology as one of the standard OWL reasoning tasks, creating general graph structures from OWL ontologies that exploit the ontologies' semantic content remains a challenge. We developed a method to transform ontologies into graphs using an automated reasoner while taking into account all relations between classes. Searching for (existential) patterns in the deductive closure of ontologies, we can identify relations between classes that are implied but not asserted and generate graph structures that encode for a large part of the ontologies' semantic content. We demonstrate the advantages of our method by applying it to inference of protein-protein interactions through semantic similarity over the Gene Ontology and demonstrate that performance is increased when graph structures are inferred using deductive inference according to our method. Our software and experiment results are available at http://github.com/bio-ontology-research-group/Onto2Graph . Onto2Graph is a method to generate graph structures from OWL ontologies using automated reasoning. The resulting graphs can be used for improved ontology visualization and ontology-based data analysis.

Healthcare professional and patient codesign and validation of a mechanism for service users to feedback patient safety experiences following a care transfer: a qualitative study

PubMed Central

Scott, Jason; Heavey, Emily; Waring, Justin; Jones, Diana; Dawson, Pamela

2016-01-01

Objective To develop and validate a mechanism for patients to provide feedback on safety experiences following a care transfer between organisations. Design Qualitative study using participatory methods (codesign workshops) and cognitive interviews. Workshop data were analysed concurrently with participants, and cognitive interviews were thematically analysed using a deductive approach based on the developed feedback mechanism. Participants Expert patients (n=5) and healthcare professionals (n=11) were recruited purposively to develop the feedback mechanism in 2 workshops. Workshop 1 explored principles underpinning safety feedback mechanisms, and workshop 2 included the practical development of the feedback mechanism. Final design and content of the feedback mechanism (a safety survey) were verified by workshop participants, and cognitive interviews (n=28) were conducted with patients. Results Workshop participants identified that safety feedback mechanisms should be patient-centred, short and concise with clear signposting on how to complete, with an option to be anonymous and balanced between positive (safe) and negative (unsafe) experiences. The agreed feedback mechanism consisted of a survey split across 3 stages of the care transfer: departure, journey and arrival. Care across organisational boundaries was recognised as being complex, with healthcare professionals acknowledging the difficulty implementing changes that impact other organisations. Cognitive interview participants agreed the content of the survey was relevant but identified barriers to completion relating to the survey formatting and understanding of a care transfer. Conclusions Participatory, codesign principles helped overcome differences in understandings of safety in the complex setting of care transfers when developing a safety survey. Practical barriers to the survey's usability and acceptability to patients were identified, resulting in a modified survey design. Further research is required to determine the usability and acceptability of the survey to patients and healthcare professionals, as well as identifying how governance structures should accommodate patient feedback when relating to multiple health or social care providers. PMID:27406641

26 CFR 1.280C-3 - Disallowance of certain deductions for qualified clinical testing expenses when section 28 credit...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... clinical testing expenses when section 28 credit is allowable. 1.280C-3 Section 1.280C-3 Internal Revenue... Not Deductible § 1.280C-3 Disallowance of certain deductions for qualified clinical testing expenses... section 28 for qualified clinical testing expenses (as defined in section 28(b)), it must reduce the...

20 CFR 404.417 - Deductions because of noncovered remunerative activity outside the United States; 45 hour and 7...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... activity outside the United States; 45 hour and 7-day work test. 404.417 Section 404.417 Employees... activity outside the United States; 45 hour and 7-day work test. (a) Deductions because of individual's... on. Effective May 1983, a 45-hour work test applies before a benefit deduction is made for the non...

20 CFR 404.417 - Deductions because of noncovered remunerative activity outside the United States; 45 hour and 7...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... activity outside the United States; 45 hour and 7-day work test. 404.417 Section 404.417 Employees... activity outside the United States; 45 hour and 7-day work test. (a) Deductions because of individual's... on. Effective May 1983, a 45-hour work test applies before a benefit deduction is made for the non...

20 CFR 404.421 - How are deductions made when a beneficiary fails to have a child in his or her care?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... husband's benefits for such month (see subpart D of this part). (b) Mother's or father's benefits—(1) Widow or widower. A deduction is made from the mother's or father's benefits to which he or she is...) Surviving divorced mother or father. A deduction is made from the mother's or father's benefits to which he...

20 CFR 404.421 - How are deductions made when a beneficiary fails to have a child in his or her care?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... husband's benefits for such month (see subpart D of this part). (b) Mother's or father's benefits—(1) Widow or widower. A deduction is made from the mother's or father's benefits to which he or she is...) Surviving divorced mother or father. A deduction is made from the mother's or father's benefits to which he...

26 CFR 1.404(k)-1T - Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) 1.404(k)-1T Section 1.404(k)-1T Internal Revenue... (CONTINUED) Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.404(k)-1T Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) Q-1: What does section 404(k) provide...

26 CFR 1.404(k)-1T - Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) 1.404(k)-1T Section 1.404(k)-1T Internal Revenue... (CONTINUED) Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.404(k)-1T Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) Q-1: What does section 404(k) provide...

26 CFR 1.404(k)-1T - Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) 1.404(k)-1T Section 1.404(k)-1T Internal Revenue... (CONTINUED) Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.404(k)-1T Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) Q-1: What does section 404(k) provide...

26 CFR 1.404(k)-1T - Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) 1.404(k)-1T Section 1.404(k)-1T Internal Revenue... (CONTINUED) Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.404(k)-1T Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) Q-1: What does section 404(k) provide...

26 CFR 1.404(k)-1T - Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) 1.404(k)-1T Section 1.404(k)-1T Internal Revenue... Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.404(k)-1T Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) Q-1: What does section 404(k) provide? A-1: Section...

26 CFR 1.911-8 - Former deduction for certain expenses of living abroad.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... abroad. 1.911-8 Section 1.911-8 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY....911-8 Former deduction for certain expenses of living abroad. For rules relating to the deduction for..., 1982. (Sec. 911 (95 Stat. 194; 26 U.S.C. 911) and sec. 7805 (68A Stat. 917; 26 U.S.C. 7805) of the...

26 CFR 1.274-6 - Expenditures deductible without regard to trade or business or other income producing activity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Expenditures deductible without regard to trade or business or other income producing activity. 1.274-6 Section 1.274-6 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Items Not Deductible § 1.274-6 Expenditures...

26 CFR 1.221-2 - Deduction for interest due and paid on qualified education loans before January 1, 2002.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... under section 163(e) and § 1.163-7, original issue discount on a qualified education loan is not... education loans before January 1, 2002. 1.221-2 Section 1.221-2 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Deductions for Individuals § 1.221-2 Deduction for interest due and paid on qualified education loans before...

26 CFR 1.221-2 - Deduction for interest due and paid on qualified education loans before January 1, 2002.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... under section 163(e) and § 1.163-7, original issue discount on a qualified education loan is not... education loans before January 1, 2002. 1.221-2 Section 1.221-2 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Deductions for Individuals § 1.221-2 Deduction for interest due and paid on qualified education loans before...

26 CFR 1.221-2 - Deduction for interest due and paid on qualified education loans before January 1, 2002.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... under section 163(e) and § 1.163-7, original issue discount on a qualified education loan is not... education loans before January 1, 2002. 1.221-2 Section 1.221-2 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Deductions for Individuals § 1.221-2 Deduction for interest due and paid on qualified education loans before...

26 CFR 1.179A-1 - Recapture of deduction for qualified clean-fuel vehicle property and qualified clean-fuel vehicle...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Recapture of deduction for qualified clean-fuel vehicle property and qualified clean-fuel vehicle refueling property. 1.179A-1 Section 1.179A-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Itemized Deductions for...

26 CFR 1.179A-1 - Recapture of deduction for qualified clean-fuel vehicle property and qualified clean-fuel vehicle...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Recapture of deduction for qualified clean-fuel vehicle property and qualified clean-fuel vehicle refueling property. 1.179A-1 Section 1.179A-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Itemized Deductions for...

26 CFR 1.179A-1 - Recapture of deduction for qualified clean-fuel vehicle property and qualified clean-fuel vehicle...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Recapture of deduction for qualified clean-fuel vehicle property and qualified clean-fuel vehicle refueling property. 1.179A-1 Section 1.179A-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Itemized Deductions for...

26 CFR 1.691(c)-1 - Deduction for estate tax attributable to income in respect of a decedent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... deductions of $15,000 and an exemption of $60,000, his taxable estate amounted to $110,000. The estate tax on... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deduction for estate tax attributable to income..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Income in Respect of Decedents § 1...

26 CFR 1.163-3 - Deduction for discount on bond issued on or before May 27, 1969.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... case of a callable bond, at the earlier call date) over the issue price of the bond (as defined in... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deduction for discount on bond issued on or... and Corporations § 1.163-3 Deduction for discount on bond issued on or before May 27, 1969. (a...

A perspectivist review of supermetallicity studies. II

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taylor, B. J.

A summary of indirect deductions is provided, taking into account a high-dispersion analysis of Delta Pav conducted by Rodgers (1969), a study of three K giant - F dwarf binaries performed by Deming and Butler (1979), and investigations involving the Hyades giants. Attention is given to an analysis of explanations, the analyses reported by Peterson (1976), the most recent results, future work on the VSL Giants, a summary of deficiencies in the methodology of supermetallicity, and the present state of the M67 problem.

A genetic code Boolean structure. II. The genetic information system as a Boolean information system.

PubMed

Sanchez, Robersy; Grau, Ricardo

2005-09-01

A Boolean structure of the genetic code where Boolean deductions have biological and physicochemical meanings was discussed in a previous paper. Now, from these Boolean deductions we propose to define the value of amino acid information in order to consider the genetic information system as a communication system and to introduce the semantic content of information ignored by the conventional information theory. In this proposal, the value of amino acid information is proportional to the molecular weight of amino acids with a proportional constant of about 1.96 x 10(25) bits per kg. In addition to this, for the experimental estimations of the minimum energy dissipation in genetic logic operations, we present two postulates: (1) the energy Ei (i=1,2,...,20) of amino acids in the messages conveyed by proteins is proportional to the value of information, and (2) amino acids are distributed according to their energy Ei so the amino acid population in proteins follows a Boltzmann distribution. Specifically, in the genetic message carried by the DNA from the genomes of living organisms, we found that the minimum energy dissipation in genetic logic operations was close to kTLn(2) joules per bit.

The impact of egocentric vs. allocentric agency attributions on the neural bases of reasoning about social rules.

PubMed

Canessa, Nicola; Pantaleo, Giuseppe; Crespi, Chiara; Gorini, Alessandra; Cappa, Stefano F

2014-09-18

We used the "standard" and "switched" social contract versions of the Wason Selection-task to investigate the neural bases of human reasoning about social rules. Both these versions typically elicit the deontically correct answer, i.e. the proper identification of the violations of a conditional obligation. Only in the standard version of the task, however, this response corresponds to the logically correct one. We took advantage of this differential adherence to logical vs. deontical accuracy to test the different predictions of logic rule-based vs. visuospatial accounts of inferential abilities in 14 participants who solved the standard and switched versions of the Selection-task during functional-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging. Both versions activated the well known left fronto-parietal network of deductive reasoning. The standard version additionally recruited the medial parietal and right inferior parietal cortex, previously associated with mental imagery and with the adoption of egocentric vs. allocentric spatial reference frames. These results suggest that visuospatial processes encoding one's own subjective experience in social interactions may support and shape the interpretation of deductive arguments and/or the resulting inferences, thus contributing to elicit content effects in human reasoning. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fluency and belief bias in deductive reasoning: new indices for old effects

PubMed Central

Trippas, Dries; Handley, Simon J.; Verde, Michael F.

2014-01-01

Models based on signal detection theory (SDT) have occupied a prominent role in domains such as perception, categorization, and memory. Recent work by Dube et al. (2010) suggests that the framework may also offer important insights in the domain of deductive reasoning. Belief bias in reasoning has traditionally been examined using indices based on raw endorsement rates—indices that critics have claimed are highly problematic. We discuss a new set of SDT indices fit for the investigation belief bias and apply them to new data examining the effect of perceptual disfluency on belief bias in syllogisms. In contrast to the traditional approach, the SDT indices do not violate important statistical assumptions, resulting in a decreased Type 1 error rate. Based on analyses using these novel indices we demonstrate that perceptual disfluency leads to decreased reasoning accuracy, contrary to predictions. Disfluency also appears to eliminate the typical link found between cognitive ability and the effect of beliefs on accuracy. Finally, replicating previous work, we demonstrate that cognitive ability leads to an increase in reasoning accuracy and a decrease in the response bias component of belief bias. PMID:25009515

The Case for the Charitable Deduction: A Deduction, Not a Credit. A Guide to Tax Policy and Higher Education. Tax Studies Paper No. 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council for Advancement and Support of Education, Washington, DC.

Reasons for continuing to allow the charitable deduction for income tax purposes rather than changing to a tax credit equal to 30 percent of a person's charitable donations are presented. It is projected that support for certain charities, primarily colleges and universities, would decline after implementation of a tax credit system. The current…

When Educational Material Is Delivered: A Mixed Methods Content Validation Study of the Information Assessment Method

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Background The Information Assessment Method (IAM) allows clinicians to report the cognitive impact, clinical relevance, intention to use, and expected patient health benefits associated with clinical information received by email. More than 15,000 Canadian physicians and pharmacists use the IAM in continuing education programs. In addition, information providers can use IAM ratings and feedback comments from clinicians to improve their products. Objective Our general objective was to validate the IAM questionnaire for the delivery of educational material (ecological and logical content validity). Our specific objectives were to measure the relevance and evaluate the representativeness of IAM items for assessing information received by email. Methods A 3-part mixed methods study was conducted (convergent design). In part 1 (quantitative longitudinal study), the relevance of IAM items was measured. Participants were 5596 physician members of the Canadian Medical Association who used the IAM. A total of 234,196 ratings were collected in 2012. The relevance of IAM items with respect to their main construct was calculated using descriptive statistics (relevance ratio R). In part 2 (qualitative descriptive study), the representativeness of IAM items was evaluated. A total of 15 family physicians completed semistructured face-to-face interviews. For each construct, we evaluated the representativeness of IAM items using a deductive-inductive thematic qualitative data analysis. In part 3 (mixing quantitative and qualitative parts), results from quantitative and qualitative analyses were reviewed, juxtaposed in a table, discussed with experts, and integrated. Thus, our final results are derived from the views of users (ecological content validation) and experts (logical content validation). Results Of the 23 IAM items, 21 were validated for content, while 2 were removed. In part 1 (quantitative results), 21 items were deemed relevant, while 2 items were deemed not relevant (R=4.86% [N=234,196] and R=3.04% [n=45,394], respectively). In part 2 (qualitative results), 22 items were deemed representative, while 1 item was not representative. In part 3 (mixing quantitative and qualitative results), the content validity of 21 items was confirmed, and the 2 nonrelevant items were excluded. A fully validated version was generated (IAM-v2014). Conclusions This study produced a content validated IAM questionnaire that is used by clinicians and information providers to assess the clinical information delivered in continuing education programs. PMID:28292738

41 CFR Appendix B to Chapter 301 - Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From the M&IE Allowance

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From the M&IE Allowance B Appendix B to Chapter 301 Public Contracts.... 301, App. B Appendix B to Chapter 301—Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From...

41 CFR Appendix B to Chapter 301 - Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From the M&IE Allowance

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From the M&IE Allowance B Appendix B to Chapter 301 Public Contracts.... 301, App. B Appendix B to Chapter 301—Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From...

41 CFR Appendix B to Chapter 301 - Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From the M&IE Allowance

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From the M&IE Allowance B Appendix B to Chapter 301 Public Contracts.... 301, App. B Appendix B to Chapter 301—Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From...

41 CFR Appendix B to Chapter 301 - Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From the M&IE Allowance

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From the M&IE Allowance B Appendix B to Chapter 301 Public Contracts.... 301, App. B Appendix B to Chapter 301—Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From...

CABARET: Rule Interpretation in a Hybrid Architecture

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

reasoning. In this paper, we discuss CABARET in the application area of income tax law concerning the deduction for expenses relating to an office...then re-instantiated with knowledge relevant to an area of income tax law . The goal of the TAX-HYPO project was to determine how well the mechanisms...is currently instantiated is an area of U.S. Federal income tax law regarding the "home office deduction". The home office deduction domain is

Value-Based Insurance Design Benefit Offsets Reductions In Medication Adherence Associated With Switch To Deductible Plan.

PubMed

Reed, Mary E; Warton, E Margaret; Kim, Eileen; Solomon, Matthew D; Karter, Andrew J

2017-03-01

Enrollment in high-deductible health plans is increasing out-of-pocket spending. But innovative plans that pair deductibles with value-based insurance designs can help preserve low-cost access to high-value treatments for patients by aligning coverage with clinical value. Among adults in high-deductible health plans who were prescribed medications for chronic conditions, we examined what impact a value-based pharmacy benefit that offered free chronic disease medications had on medication adherence. Overall, we found that the value-based plan offset reductions in medication adherence associated with switching to a deductible plan. The value-based plan appeared particularly beneficial for patients who started with low levels of medication adherence. Patients with additional clinical complexity or vulnerable populations living in neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic status, however, did not show adherence improvements and might not be taking advantage of value-based insurance design provisions. Additional efforts may be needed to educate patients about their nuanced benefit plans to help overcome initial confusion about these complex plans. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

Deductibles in health insurance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dimitriyadis, I.; Öney, Ü. N.

2009-11-01

This study is an extension to a simulation study that has been developed to determine ruin probabilities in health insurance. The study concentrates on inpatient and outpatient benefits for customers of varying age bands. Loss distributions are modelled through the Allianz tool pack for different classes of insureds. Premiums at different levels of deductibles are derived in the simulation and ruin probabilities are computed assuming a linear loading on the premium. The increase in the probability of ruin at high levels of the deductible clearly shows the insufficiency of proportional loading in deductible premiums. The PH-transform pricing rule developed by Wang is analyzed as an alternative pricing rule. A simple case, where an insured is assumed to be an exponential utility decision maker while the insurer's pricing rule is a PH-transform is also treated.

Assessing progression of clinical reasoning through virtual patients: An exploratory study.

PubMed

Forsberg, Elenita; Ziegert, Kristina; Hult, Håkan; Fors, Uno

2016-01-01

To avoid test-driven learning, there have been discussions regarding the use of more formative assessments in health care education to promote students' deep learning. Feedback is important in formative assessment, but many students ignore it; therefore, interventions should be introduced which stimulate them to reflect on the new knowledge. The aim for this study was to explore if Virtual Patient (VP)-based formative assessments, in connection with self-evaluations, had an impact on postgraduate pediatric nursing students' development of clinical reasoning abilities. Students' self-evaluations served as the basis for measuring progress. Data was analysed using deductive content analysis. The findings showed a clear progression of the clinical reasoning ability of the students. After the first assessment, the students described feelings of uncertainty and that their knowledge gaps were exposed. At the mid-course assessment the awareness of improved clinical reasoning was obvious and the students were more certain of knowing how to solve the VP cases. In the final assessment, self-efficacy was expressed. VP-based assessments, in connection with self-evaluations, early in the education resulted in a gain of students' own identification of the concept of clinical reasoning, awareness of what to focus on during clinical practice and visualised expected clinical competence. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Applying self-determination theory for improved understanding of physiotherapists' rationale for using research in clinical practice: a qualitative study in Sweden.

PubMed

Dannapfel, Petra; Peolsson, Anneli; Ståhl, Christian; Öberg, Birgitta; Nilsen, Per

2014-01-01

Physiotherapists are generally positive to evidence-based practice (EBP) and the use of research in clinical practice, yet many still base clinical decisions on knowledge obtained during their initial education and/or personal experience. Our aim was to explore motivations behind physiotherapists' use of research in clinical practice. Self-Determination Theory was applied to identify the different types of motivation for use of research. This theory posits that all behaviours lie along a continuum of relative autonomy, reflecting the extent to which a person endorses their actions. Eleven focus group interviews were conducted, involving 45 physiotherapists in various settings in Sweden. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis and the findings compared with Self-Determination Theory using a deductive approach. Motivations underlying physiotherapists use of research in clinical practice were identified. Most physiotherapists expressed autonomous forms of motivation for research use, but some exhibited more controlled motivation. Several implications about how more evidence-based physiotherapy can be achieved are discussed, including the potential to tailor educational programs on EBP to better account for differences in motivation among participants, using autonomously motivated physiotherapists as change agents and creating favourable conditions to encourage autonomous motivation by way of feelings of competence, autonomy and a sense of relatedness.

Preceptors' perceptions of the elements of a successful and an unsuccessful orientation period for newly graduated nurses.

PubMed

Lindfors, Kirsi; Meretoja, Riitta; Kaunonen, Marja; Paavilainen, Eija

2018-04-01

To identify existing orientation patterns and to find elements that may enhance or impede successful orientation of newly graduated nurses. Preceptors have first-hand information concerning orientation and their opinions should not be forgotten when organisations develop their orientation processes. An open-ended questionnaire was undertaken to collect data from preceptors (n = 172) about the current orientation patterns. Data were analysed by using deductive content analysis and by quantifying the phrases. Communal commitment to the orientation process, strong professional orientation know-how and supportive leadership were the enhancing elements of successful orientation. Complex interpersonal relationship problems during orientation, inadequate orientation resources and the organisation's structural and functional problems were the impeding elements of successful orientation. With the elements of successful orientation we ensure a supportive transition to practice for newly graduate nurses and possibilities to focus on good orientation practices for preceptors. Nurse leaders play an important part in ensuring newly graduated nurses have a safe nursing career starting point and, for preceptors, opportunities to provide orientation that is as good as possible. Supportive leadership, sufficient resources and good interpersonal relationships should be the leading principles during newly graduated nurses' orientation period. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Exploring the feelings of Iranian women of reproductive age about health care seeking behavior: a qualitative study.

PubMed

Morowatisharifabad, Mohammad Ali; Rahimi, Tahereh; Farajkhoda, Tahmineh; Fallahzadeh, Hossein; Mohebi, Siamak

2018-01-01

Background: Despite the important role of feelings in health care seeking behavior (HCSB), this subject has not yet been adequately investigated. HCSB-related feelings begin with the onset of disease symptoms and persist in different forms after treatment. The aim of current study was to explore the feelings that women of reproductive age experience when they seek health care. Methods: In this deductive, qualitative content analysis, participants were selected by purposeful sampling. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 17 women of reproductive age and 5 health care staffs in Qom, Iran were carried out until data saturation was achieved. Qualitative data were concurrently analyzed by deductive content analysis, using the Health Promotion Model (HPM). The MAXQDA10 software was used to manage qualitative data analysis. Results: Three main categories were drawn from data to explain the HCSB-related feelings of participants consisting of (1) feeling of inner satisfaction with the treatment with 2 subcategories including "peace of mind" and "feeling alive", (2) multiple roles of fear with 5 subcategories including "fear about the consequences of delay", "fear of having hidden diseases", "fear of unknown experiences", "fear of hearing bad news" and "fear of medical errors" and (3)uncomfortable feelings with 3 subcategories including "feeling uneasy when attending health facility", "feeling embarrassed" and "feeling worthless due to dealing the doctor". Conclusion: This study revealed that the inner feelings of women varied widely, ranging from positive or motivating feelings to negative or inhibitory ones, given their experiences with the formal health care system and the current situation of medical and health services. Highlighting patients' perceived inner satisfaction and reducing fear and uncomfortable feelings by adopting culture-based practical strategies can enhance women's HCSB.

20 CFR 404.1085 - Net operating loss deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Self-Employment Income § 404.1085 Net operating loss deduction. When determining your net earnings from self-employment...

20 CFR 404.1085 - Net operating loss deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Self-Employment Income § 404.1085 Net operating loss deduction. When determining your net earnings from self-employment...

20 CFR 404.1085 - Net operating loss deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Self-Employment Income § 404.1085 Net operating loss deduction. When determining your net earnings from self-employment...

20 CFR 404.1085 - Net operating loss deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Self-Employment Income § 404.1085 Net operating loss deduction. When determining your net earnings from self-employment...

20 CFR 404.1085 - Net operating loss deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Self-Employment Income § 404.1085 Net operating loss deduction. When determining your net earnings from self-employment...

American Macular Degeneration Foundation

MedlinePlus

... 3) non-profit, publicly supported organization. Contributions are tax deductible to the extent allowed by law. Skip ... supported organization (Charity ID #04-3274007). Contributions are tax deductible to the extent allowed by law.

The Impact of Need for Cognition and Self-Reference on Tutoring a Deductive Reasoning Skill

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

The Impact of Need for Cognition and Self-Reference on Tutoring a Deductive Reasoning Skill by Anne M. Sinatra, Valerie K. Sims, and Robert A...Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 ARL-TR-6961 June 2014 The Impact of Need for Cognition and Self-Reference on Tutoring a...REPORT TYPE Final 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) NA 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE The Impact of Need for Cognition and Self-Reference on Tutoring a Deductive

Are Health Plan Design and Prior Use of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Associated with Pregnancy Intention?

PubMed

Armstrong, Mary Anne; Postlethwaite, Debbie A; Darbinian, Jeanne A; McCoy, Mark; Law, Amy

2017-05-01

In 2007, high-deductible plans were added to the primarily nondeductible Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) integrated health plan, which had covered 100% of device and procedure costs of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) for members regardless of prescription/visit copay amount. We hypothesized that nondeductible plans and prior LARC use decreased unintended pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine if health plan design (nondeductible vs. deductible) and LARC use before pregnancy were associated with pregnancy intention. In this retrospective cohort study, women aged 15-44 as of the index date of June 30, 2010 were followed from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012 for evidence of pregnancy (n = 65,989). Health plan design, copays, contraceptive method used most recently before the pregnancy, and self-reported pregnancy intention status (intended, mistimed, unwanted) were obtained from electronic medical records. Logistic regression models were developed to determine if various health plan designs, copays, or prior LARC use were associated with pregnancy intention, controlling for potential confounders such as age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education/income, parity, and comorbidities. In all models, LARC use before pregnancy versus non-LARC use was significantly related to intended pregnancies (all models: odds ratio [OR] = 2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.06-2.48). Women with deductible plans with healthcare spending accounts (HSA) were more likely to report intended pregnancies versus women with nondeductible plans (all models: OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.04-1.30). In stratified analyses, high income/high education was a significant predictor of intended pregnancy regardless of race/ethnicity. LARC use before pregnancy and having an HSA were associated with intended pregnancy.

Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation

MedlinePlus

... toward a cure! Become a Member Donate Your tax-deductible gift will help fund vital research leading ... a registered 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation (Tax ID #56-1784846). Donations are tax-deductible as ...

41 CFR 302-17.4 - Exclusions from coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... deduct moving expenses for which a tax deduction is allowable under the Internal Revenue Code or... resulting from the payment of recruitment, retention, or relocation bonuses authorized by the Office of...

Strategies for Daily Living

MedlinePlus

... 20007 Donate DONATE Thank you for considering a tax-deductible contribution to NOFAS. A gift of any ... McLean, Virginia 22101. NOFAS can also accept the tax-deductible contribution of stocks and other financial securities. ...

77 FR 1642 - Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations: Income Deductions and Resource Eligibility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-11

... individual's or group's race, color, national origin, sex, age, political beliefs, religious creed, or... and blindness recipient are not eligible to receive this deduction; however, persons receiving...

26 CFR 20.2053-6 - Deduction for taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... (3) effect distribution. Excise taxes incurred in distributing property of the estate in kind are.... If D's estate had claimed a deduction of $50x on D's United States Estate (and Generation-Skipping...

26 CFR 20.2053-6 - Deduction for taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (3) effect distribution. Excise taxes incurred in distributing property of the estate in kind are.... If D's estate had claimed a deduction of $50x on D's United States Estate (and Generation-Skipping...

26 CFR 20.2053-6 - Deduction for taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (3) effect distribution. Excise taxes incurred in distributing property of the estate in kind are.... If D's estate had claimed a deduction of $50x on D's United States Estate (and Generation-Skipping...

26 CFR 20.2053-6 - Deduction for taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... (3) effect distribution. Excise taxes incurred in distributing property of the estate in kind are.... If D's estate had claimed a deduction of $50x on D's United States Estate (and Generation-Skipping...

Optional deductibles in social health insurance systems: findings from Germany.

PubMed

Pütz, Claudia; Hagist, Christian

2006-12-01

A fundamental aspect of the German health insurance system is the principle of solidarity. At the same time, it is possible for certain socio-economic groups to opt out of the otherwise compulsory system. To determine whether rates incorporating deductibles are compatible with the principles of solidarity and have the ability to heighten the appeal of statutory health insurance (SHI) funds compared with private health insurance companies, Germany's third largest SHI fund, Techniker Krankenkasse, implemented a pilot scheme involving the use of deductibles. Preliminary scientific evaluations of the pilot scheme indicate three main results for these deductibles: Firstly, they are compatible with the principles of solidarity in the statutory health insurance system; secondly, they provide an effective means of preventing defection to private health insurance companies and thirdly, they reduced the volume of insurance claims (moral hazard).

Are there reasons to challenge a symbolic computationalist approach in explaining deductive reasoning?

PubMed

Faiciuc, Lucia E

2008-06-01

The majority of the existing theories explaining deductive reasoning could be included in a classic computationalist approach of the cognitive processes. In fact, deductive reasoning could be seen to be the pinnacle of the symbolic computationalism, its last fortress to be defended in the face of new, dynamic, and ecological perspectives over cognition. But are there weak points in that position regarding deductive reasoning? What would be the reasons for which new perspectives could gain in credibility? What could be their most important tenets? The answers given to those questions in the paper include two main points. The first one is that the present empirical data could not sustain unambiguously one view over the other, that they are obtained in artificial experimental conditions, and that there are data that are not easily explainable using the traditional computationalist paradigm. The second one is that approaching the deductive reasoning from dynamic and ecological perspectives could have significant advantages. The most obvious one is the possibility to integrate more easily the research regarding the deductive reasoning with the results obtained in other domains of the psychology (especially in what respects the lower cognitive processes), in artificial intelligence or in neurophysiology. The reasons for that would be that such perspectives, as they are sketched in the paper, would imply, essentially, processes of second-order pattern formation and recognition (as it is the case for perception), embodied cognition, and dynamic processes as the brain ones are.

Mathematically gifted adolescents mobilize enhanced workspace configuration of theta cortical network during deductive reasoning.

PubMed

Zhang, L; Gan, J Q; Wang, H

2015-03-19

Previous studies have established the importance of the fronto-parietal brain network in the information processing of reasoning. At the level of cortical source analysis, this eletroencepalogram (EEG) study investigates the functional reorganization of the theta-band (4-8Hz) neurocognitive network of mathematically gifted adolescents during deductive reasoning. Depending on the dense increase of long-range phase synchronizations in the reasoning process, math-gifted adolescents show more significant adaptive reorganization and enhanced "workspace" configuration in the theta network as compared with average-ability control subjects. The salient areas are mainly located in the anterior cortical vertices of the fronto-parietal network. Further correlation analyses have shown that the enhanced workspace configuration with respect to the global topological metrics of the theta network in math-gifted subjects is correlated with the intensive frontal midline theta (fm theta) response that is related to strong neural effort for cognitive events. These results suggest that by investing more cognitive resources math-gifted adolescents temporally mobilize an enhanced task-related global neuronal workspace, which is manifested as a highly integrated fronto-parietal information processing network during the reasoning process. Copyright © 2015 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Price-Shopping in Consumer-Directed Health Plans

PubMed Central

Sood, Neeraj; Wagner, Zachary; Huckfeldt, Peter; Haviland, Amelia

2013-01-01

We use health insurance claims data from 63 large employers to estimate the extent of price shopping for nine common outpatient services in consumer-directed health plans (CDHPs) compared to traditional health plans. The main measures of price-shopping include: (1) the total price paid on the claim, (2) the share of claims from low and high cost providers and (3) the savings from price shopping relative to choosing prices randomly. All analyses control for individual and zip code level demographics and plan characteristics. We also estimate differences in price shopping within CDHPs depending on expected health care costs and whether the service was bought before or after reaching the deductible. For 8 out of 9 services analyzed, prices paid by CDHP and traditional plan enrollees did not differ significantly; CDHP enrollees paid 2.3% less for office visits. Similarly, office visits was the only service where CDHP enrollment resulted in a significantly larger share of claims from low cost providers and greater savings from price shopping relative to traditional plans. There was also no evidence that, within CDHP plans, consumers with lower expected medical expenses exhibited more price-shopping or that consumers exhibited more price-shopping before reaching the deductible. PMID:25342936

26 CFR 1.3-1 - Application of optional tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

.... Tables XVI through XXX apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1970. The standard deduction... deduction for Tables XVI through XXX, applicable to taxable years beginning in 1971, is 13 percent. For an...

26 CFR 1.3-1 - Application of optional tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... Tables XVI through XXX apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1970. The standard deduction... deduction for Tables XVI through XXX, applicable to taxable years beginning in 1971, is 13 percent. For an...

26 CFR 1.3-1 - Application of optional tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

.... Tables XVI through XXX apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1970. The standard deduction... deduction for Tables XVI through XXX, applicable to taxable years beginning in 1971, is 13 percent. For an...

26 CFR 1.3-1 - Application of optional tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

.... Tables XVI through XXX apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1970. The standard deduction... deduction for Tables XVI through XXX, applicable to taxable years beginning in 1971, is 13 percent. For an...

26 CFR 1.651(b)-1 - Deduction for distributions to beneficiaries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Deduction for distributions to beneficiaries. In computing its taxable income, a simple trust is allowed a...), relating to tax-exempt interest, foreign income, and excluded dividends. For example: Assume that the...

26 CFR 1.3-1 - Application of optional tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... Tables XVI through XXX apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1970. The standard deduction... deduction for Tables XVI through XXX, applicable to taxable years beginning in 1971, is 13 percent. For an...

26 CFR 1.163-1 - Interest deduction in general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... shall be deductible only to the extent that the payment constitutes a proper business expense. Amounts... account of capital or surplus invested in the business which does not represent a charge arising under an...

Content and strategy in syllogistic reasoning.

PubMed

Marrero, Hipólito; Elena, Gámez

2004-09-01

Syllogistic reasoning has been investigated as a general deductive process (Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991; Revlis, 1975; Rips, 1994). However, several studies have demonstrated the role of cognitive strategies in this type of reasoning. These strategies focus on the method used by the participants (Ford, 1995; Gilhooly, Logie, Wetherick, & Wynn, 1993) and strategies related to different interpretations of the quantified premises (Roberts, Newstead, & Griggs, 2001). In this paper, we propose that content (as well as individual cognitive differences) is an important factor in inducing a certain strategy or method for syllogistic resolution. Specifically, we suggest that syllogisms with a causal conditional premise that can be extended by an agency premise induce the use of a conditional method. To demonstrate this, we carried out two experiments. Experiment 1 provided evidence that this type of syllogism leads participants to draw the predicted conditional conclusions, in contrast with control content syllogisms. In Experiment 2, we demonstrated that the drawing of conditional conclusions is based on a causal conditional to an agent representation of the syllogism premises. These results support the role of content as inducing a particular strategy for syllogistic resolution. The implications of these results are discussed.

The Use of Lesson Study Combined with Content Representation in the Planning of Physics Lessons During Field Practice to Develop Pedagogical Content Knowledge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Juhler, Martin Vogt

2016-08-01

Recent research, both internationally and in Norway, has clearly expressed concerns about missing connections between subject-matter knowledge, pedagogical competence and real-life practice in schools. This study addresses this problem within the domain of field practice in teacher education, studying pre-service teachers' planning of a Physics lesson. Two means of intervention were introduced. The first was lesson study, which is a method for planning, carrying out and reflecting on a research lesson in detail with a learner and content-centered focus. This was used in combination with a second means, content representations, which is a systematic tool that connects overall teaching aims with pedagogical prompts. Changes in teaching were assessed through the construct of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). A deductive coding analysis was carried out for this purpose. Transcripts of pre-service teachers' planning of a Physics lesson were coded into four main PCK categories, which were thereafter divided into 16 PCK sub-categories. The results showed that the intervention affected the pre-service teachers' potential to start developing PCK. First, they focused much more on categories concerning the learners. Second, they focused far more uniformly in all of the four main categories comprising PCK. Consequently, these differences could affect their potential to start developing PCK.

7 CFR 718.109 - Deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... requirement; or (3) For all other crops and land uses—one-tenth (.10) acre. Turn areas, terraces, permanent... deduction of 3 percent of the area devoted to a row crop and zero percent of the area devoted to a close...

Is It Deductible? Sound Tax Advice for Board Members.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spence, Robert W.; Dakan, T. Teal

1982-01-01

Discusses school board members' expenses that may be tax deductible, including newsletter funds and such business expenses as those for travel, telephone calls, organizational dues, professional publications, cards, gifts, entertainment, and a home office. (JM)

Premium growth and its effect on employer-sponsored insurance.

PubMed

Vistnes, Jessica; Selden, Thomas

2011-03-01

We use variation in premium inflation and general inflation across geographic areas to identify the effects of downward nominal wage rigidity on employers' health insurance decisions. Using employer level data from the 2000 to 2005 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, we examine the effect of premium growth on the likelihood that an employer offers insurance, eligibility rates among employees, continuous measures of employee premium contributions for both single and family coverage, and deductibles. We find that small, low-wage employers are less likely to offer health insurance in response to increased premium inflation, and if they do offer coverage they increase employee contributions and deductible levels. In contrast, larger, low-wage employers maintain their offers of coverage, but reduce eligibility for such coverage. They also increase employee contributions for single and family coverage, but not deductibles. Among high-wage employers, all but the largest increase deductibles in response to cost pressures.

Reasoning and autobiographical memory for personality.

PubMed

Fumero, Ascensión; Santamaría, Carlos; Johnson-Laird, P N

2010-01-01

Certain problems are ambiguous and allow deductive or inductive conclusions, for example, If you follow this diet then you lose weight. Ann did not lose weight. Why not? Conscientious individuals who are less open to experience should focus on possibilities consistent with the premises, and make a deduction: Ann did not follow this diet. But, those who are open to experience and not conscientious should go beyond these possibilities, and make an induction, for example, Ann gave up exercising. In an experiment, a group who recalled autobiographical episodes in which they were conscientious and not open to experience made more deductions than a group who recalled episodes in which they had the opposite characteristics. A control group made about equal proportions of deductions and inductions. These results were predicted by the theory that reasoners envisage possibilities, and can focus on those possibilities consistent with the premises or on possibilities outside the premises.

Investigating Primary School Mathematics Teachers’ Deductive Reasoning Ability through Varignon’s Theorem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jupri, A.

2017-09-01

The responsibility to promote the growth of deductive reasoning ability of school students through learning mathematics is in the hand of mathematics teachers and particularly primary school mathematics teachers. However, how we can make sure whether teachers are able to do so. To investigate this issue, we conducted a three-step of an exploratory survey study. First, we designed tasks from the Varignon’s theorem. Second, we administered an individual written test involving twenty master students of primary education program, in which they are prospective of and primary school mathematics teachers. Finally, we address the results in the light of Van Hiele theory. The results showed that participated students lack of deductive reasoning ability in the context of geometry. For further research, we wonder whether the designed tasks are also applicable to assess student deductive reasoning ability if the students have acquired appropriate teaching.

Culture in salutogenesis: the scholarship of Aaron Antonovsky.

PubMed

Benz, Carina; Bull, Torill; Mittelmark, Maurice; Vaandrager, Lenneke

2014-12-01

Aaron Antonovsky wrote extensively, although disjointedly, about the roles of culture in salutogenesis. This paper provides a synopsis of his work in this arena. A literature review identified those of his English language writings in which culture was a subject, and relevant text segments were analysed using an inductive followed by a deductive method. Using thematic network analysis, text segments were sorted inductively by open coding and then analysed. This was followed by deductive text segment coding guided by the constructs of the salutogenic model of health. The analysis revealed that Antonovsky had an expansive interest in the roles of culture in salutogenesis. His writings included attention to the role of culture in: (a) shaping life situations; (b) giving rise to stressors and resources; (c) contributing to life experiences of predictability, load balance and meaningful roles; (d) facilitating the development of the sense of coherence and (e) shaping perceptions of health and well-being. Antonovsky's writings about culture were sometimes conjectural, as well as being obviously influenced by his life experience in the USA and then in Israel, and by the spirit of the times in which he lived. However, he also drew extensively on his own and others' empiricism, leading him to view culture as an integral aspect of the salutogenic model of health. The present analysis provides salutogenesis scholars with a roadmap of Antonovsky's reflections, ponderings and conclusions about culture in the context of salutogenesis. It provides assistance in the form of an overview of Antonovsky's treatment of culture in the context of salutogenesis. © The Author(s) 2014.

Fail to prepare and you can prepare to fail: the experience of financing path changes in teaching hospitals in Iran.

PubMed

Doshmangir, Leila; Rashidian, Arash; Jafari, Mehdi; Ravaghi, Hamid; Takian, Amirhossein

2016-04-21

In 1995, teaching and public hospitals that are affiliated with the ministry of health and medical education (MOHME) in Iran were granted financial self-sufficiency to practice contract-based relations with insurance organizations. The so-called "hospital autonomy" policy involved giving authority to the insurance organizations to purchase health services. The policy aimed at improving hospitals' performance, hoping to reduce government's costs. However, the policy was never implemented as intended. This was because most participating hospitals gave up to implement autonomous financing and took other financing pathways. This paper analyses the reasons for the gap between the intended policy and its execution. The lessons learned from this analysis can inform, we envisage, the implementation of similar initiatives in other settings. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 28 national and 13 regional health policy experts. We also gathered a comprehensive and purposeful set of related documents and analyzed their content. The qualitative data were analyzed by thematic inductive-deductive approach. We found a number of prerequisites and requirements that were not prepared prior to the implementing hospital autonomy policy and categorized them into policy content (sources of funds for the policy), implementation context (organization of insurance organizations, medical tariffs, hospitals' organization, feasibility of policy implementation, actors and stakeholders' support), and implementation approach (implementation method, blanket approach to the implementation and timing of implementation). These characteristics resulted in unsuitable platform for policy implementation and eventually led to policy failure. Autonomy of teaching hospitals and their exclusive financing through insurance organizations did not achieve the desired goals of purchaser-provider split in Iran. Unless contextual preparations are in place, hospital autonomy will not succeed and problematic financial relations between service providers and patients in autonomous hospitals may not be ceased as a result.

How do gut feelings feature in tutorial dialogues on diagnostic reasoning in GP traineeship?

PubMed

Stolper, C F; Van de Wiel, M W J; Hendriks, R H M; Van Royen, P; Van Bokhoven, M A; Van der Weijden, T; Dinant, G J

2015-05-01

Diagnostic reasoning is considered to be based on the interaction between analytical and non-analytical cognitive processes. Gut feelings, a specific form of non-analytical reasoning, play a substantial role in diagnostic reasoning by general practitioners (GPs) and may activate analytical reasoning. In GP traineeships in the Netherlands, trainees mostly see patients alone but regularly consult with their supervisors to discuss patients and problems, receive feedback, and improve their competencies. In the present study, we examined the discussions of supervisors and their trainees about diagnostic reasoning in these so-called tutorial dialogues and how gut feelings feature in these discussions. 17 tutorial dialogues focussing on diagnostic reasoning were video-recorded and transcribed and the protocols were analysed using a detailed bottom-up and iterative content analysis and coding procedure. The dialogues were segmented into quotes. Each quote received a content code and a participant code. The number of words per code was used as a unit of analysis to quantitatively compare the contributions to the dialogues made by supervisors and trainees, and the attention given to different topics. The dialogues were usually analytical reflections on a trainee's diagnostic reasoning. A hypothetico-deductive strategy was often used, by listing differential diagnoses and discussing what information guided the reasoning process and might confirm or exclude provisional hypotheses. Gut feelings were discussed in seven dialogues. They were used as a tool in diagnostic reasoning, inducing analytical reflection, sometimes on the entire diagnostic reasoning process. The emphasis in these tutorial dialogues was on analytical components of diagnostic reasoning. Discussing gut feelings in tutorial dialogues seems to be a good educational method to familiarize trainees with non-analytical reasoning. Supervisors need specialised knowledge about these aspects of diagnostic reasoning and how to deal with them in medical education.

The influence of friends and siblings on the physical activity and screen viewing behaviours of children aged 5–6 years: a qualitative analysis of parent interviews

PubMed Central

Edwards, M J; Jago, R; Sebire, S J; Kesten, J M; Pool, L; Thompson, J L

2015-01-01

Objectives The present study uses qualitative data to explore parental perceptions of how their young child's screen viewing and physical activity behaviours are influenced by their child's friends and siblings. Design Telephone interviews were conducted with parents of year 1 children (age 5–6 years). Interviews considered parental views on a variety of issues related to their child's screen viewing and physical activity behaviours, including the influence that their child's friends and siblings have over such behaviours. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using deductive content analysis. Data were organised using a categorisation matrix developed by the research team. Coding and theme generation was iterative and refined throughout. Data were entered into and coded within N-Vivo. Setting Parents were recruited through 57 primary schools located in Bristol and the surrounding area that took part in the B-ProAct1v study. Participants Fifty-three parents of children aged 5–6 years. Results Parents believe that their child's screen viewing and physical activity behaviours are influenced by their child's siblings and friends. Friends are considered to have a greater influence over the structured physical activities a child asks to participate in, whereas the influence of siblings is more strongly perceived over informal and spontaneous physical activities. In terms of screen viewing, parents suggest that their child's friends can heavily influence the content their child wishes to consume, however, siblings have a more direct and tangible influence over what a child watches. Conclusions Friends and siblings influence young children's physical activity and screen viewing behaviours. Child-focused physical activity and screen viewing interventions should consider the important influence that siblings and friends have over these behaviours. PMID:25976759

48 CFR 49.204 - Deductions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Deductions. 49.204 Section 49.204 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS Additional Principles for Fixed-Price Contracts Terminated for Convenience 49.204...

Health savings accounts--a revolutionary method of funding medical care expenses.

PubMed

Knox, George Con

2004-10-01

Health Savings Accounts coupled with a High-Deductible Health Care plan offer many eligible individuals the opportunity to reduce their insurance premiums and create a tax-deductible account to pay medical, dental, and vision care expenses.

12 CFR 325.5 - Miscellaneous.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... assets arising from deductible temporary differences that exceed the amount of taxes previously paid that could be recovered through loss carrybacks if existing temporary differences (both deductible and.... (ii) For purposes of this limitation, all existing temporary differences should be assumed to fully...

12 CFR 325.5 - Miscellaneous.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... assets arising from deductible temporary differences that exceed the amount of taxes previously paid that could be recovered through loss carrybacks if existing temporary differences (both deductible and.... (ii) For purposes of this limitation, all existing temporary differences should be assumed to fully...

76 FR 2712 - Sara Lee Corporation, Master Data, Cash Applications, Deductions, Collections, Call Center...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-14

... Center, Information Technology, Accounts Payable, General Accounts, Financial Accounting, Payroll, and... Corporation, Master Data, Cash Applications, Deductions, Collections, Call Center, Information Technology, Accounts Payable, General Accounts, Financial Accounts, Payroll, and Employee Master Data Departments...

75 FR 42831 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 1065, Schedule C, Schedule D, Schedule K-1...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-22

... Income, Credits, Deductions and Other Items), Schedule L (Balance Sheets per Books), Schedule M-1..., Deductions, etc. (Schedule K-1), Balance Sheets per Books (Schedule L), Reconciliation of Income (Loss) per...

50 CFR 80.122 - May an agency deduct the costs of generating program income from gross income?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (CONTINUED) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE-WILDLIFE SPORT FISH... SPORT FISH RESTORATION ACTS Program Income § 80.122 May an agency deduct the costs of generating program...

Teacher Tax Tips.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Freeman, Paul

1979-01-01

Discusses income tax deductions for vocational agriculture teachers for expenses incurred through automobiles used for school business, course work expenses, professional dues, classroom supplies, books, cost of bus driving license, liability insurance, and special clothing. A specific example for claiming the deductions on an automobile is…

Annual Income Tax Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keener, Sandra C.

1992-01-01

This annual guide to income tax for parents of children with disabilities covers organizing records; avoiding audits; deducting medical expenses; and considering the impact of recent changes in medical expenses, Social Security numbers for children, child care, earned income credit, and deduction for dependents. (DB)

25 CFR 20.311 - What amounts will the Bureau deduct from earned income?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... physically able to care for the children; and (6) The cost of special clothing, tools, and equipment directly... deduct the costs of conducting business and all of the amounts in paragraph (a) of this section. ...

25 CFR 20.311 - What amounts will the Bureau deduct from earned income?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... physically able to care for the children; and (6) The cost of special clothing, tools, and equipment directly... deduct the costs of conducting business and all of the amounts in paragraph (a) of this section. ...

Allchin's Shoehorn, or Why Science Is Hypothetico-Deductive.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawson, Anton E.

2003-01-01

Criticizes Allchin's article about Lawson's analysis of Galileo's discovery of Jupiter's moons. Suggests that a careful analysis of the way humans spontaneously process information and reason supports a general hypothetico-deductive theory of human information processing, reasoning, and scientific discovery. (SOE)

Report to the Congress on the use of tax deductions for donations of conservations easements

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1987-12-01

This report was mandated by Congress as part of the Temporary Tax Provisions Extension Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-541). The major findings of the study are: (1) Tax deductions for easement donations will tend to be a desirable policy option; (2) There appear to be substantial difficulties involved in valuing, monitoring, and enforcing easement donations; (3) The possibility of replacing deductibility with some other policy to encourage preservation is also considered; and (4) The IRS collected and analyzed data from three years of tax returns of both donors and recipients of conservation easements.

The interplay of deductive and inductive reasoning in psychoanalytic theorizing.

PubMed

Hanly, Charles

2014-10-01

Deductive and inductive reasoning both played an essential part in Freud's construction of psychoanalysis. In this paper, the author explores the happy marriage of empiricism and rationalism in Freud's use of deductive reasoning in the construction of psychoanalytic theory. To do this, the author considers three major amendments Freud made to his theory: (i) infant and childhood sexuality, (ii) the structural theory, and (iii) the theory of signal anxiety. Ultimately, the author argues for, and presents Freud as a proponent of, the epistemological position that he calls critical realism. © 2014 The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, Inc.

Are there two processes in reasoning? The dimensionality of inductive and deductive inferences.

PubMed

Stephens, Rachel G; Dunn, John C; Hayes, Brett K

2018-03-01

Single-process accounts of reasoning propose that the same cognitive mechanisms underlie inductive and deductive inferences. In contrast, dual-process accounts propose that these inferences depend upon 2 qualitatively different mechanisms. To distinguish between these accounts, we derived a set of single-process and dual-process models based on an overarching signal detection framework. We then used signed difference analysis to test each model against data from an argument evaluation task, in which induction and deduction judgments are elicited for sets of valid and invalid arguments. Three data sets were analyzed: data from Singmann and Klauer (2011), a database of argument evaluation studies, and the results of an experiment designed to test model predictions. Of the large set of testable models, we found that almost all could be rejected, including all 2-dimensional models. The only testable model able to account for all 3 data sets was a model with 1 dimension of argument strength and independent decision criteria for induction and deduction judgments. We conclude that despite the popularity of dual-process accounts, current results from the argument evaluation task are best explained by a single-process account that incorporates separate decision thresholds for inductive and deductive inferences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

When Educational Material Is Delivered: A Mixed Methods Content Validation Study of the Information Assessment Method.

PubMed

Badran, Hani; Pluye, Pierre; Grad, Roland

2017-03-14

The Information Assessment Method (IAM) allows clinicians to report the cognitive impact, clinical relevance, intention to use, and expected patient health benefits associated with clinical information received by email. More than 15,000 Canadian physicians and pharmacists use the IAM in continuing education programs. In addition, information providers can use IAM ratings and feedback comments from clinicians to improve their products. Our general objective was to validate the IAM questionnaire for the delivery of educational material (ecological and logical content validity). Our specific objectives were to measure the relevance and evaluate the representativeness of IAM items for assessing information received by email. A 3-part mixed methods study was conducted (convergent design). In part 1 (quantitative longitudinal study), the relevance of IAM items was measured. Participants were 5596 physician members of the Canadian Medical Association who used the IAM. A total of 234,196 ratings were collected in 2012. The relevance of IAM items with respect to their main construct was calculated using descriptive statistics (relevance ratio R). In part 2 (qualitative descriptive study), the representativeness of IAM items was evaluated. A total of 15 family physicians completed semistructured face-to-face interviews. For each construct, we evaluated the representativeness of IAM items using a deductive-inductive thematic qualitative data analysis. In part 3 (mixing quantitative and qualitative parts), results from quantitative and qualitative analyses were reviewed, juxtaposed in a table, discussed with experts, and integrated. Thus, our final results are derived from the views of users (ecological content validation) and experts (logical content validation). Of the 23 IAM items, 21 were validated for content, while 2 were removed. In part 1 (quantitative results), 21 items were deemed relevant, while 2 items were deemed not relevant (R=4.86% [N=234,196] and R=3.04% [n=45,394], respectively). In part 2 (qualitative results), 22 items were deemed representative, while 1 item was not representative. In part 3 (mixing quantitative and qualitative results), the content validity of 21 items was confirmed, and the 2 nonrelevant items were excluded. A fully validated version was generated (IAM-v2014). This study produced a content validated IAM questionnaire that is used by clinicians and information providers to assess the clinical information delivered in continuing education programs. ©Hani Badran, Pierre Pluye, Roland Grad. Originally published in JMIR Medical Education (http://mededu.jmir.org), 14.03.2017.

Redistributive effects in public health care financing.

PubMed

Honekamp, Ivonne; Possenriede, Daniel

2008-11-01

This article focuses on the redistributive effects of different measures to finance public health insurance. We analyse the implications of different financing options for public health insurance on the redistribution of income from good to bad health risks and from high-income to low-income individuals. The financing options considered are either income-related (namely income taxes, payroll taxes, and indirect taxes), health-related (co-insurance, deductibles, and no-claim), or neither (flat fee). We show that governments who treat access to health care as a basic right for everyone should consider redistributive effects when reforming health care financing.

Deductive Verification of Cryptographic Software

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Almeida, Jose Barcelar; Barbosa, Manuel; Pinto, Jorge Sousa; Vieira, Barbara

2009-01-01

We report on the application of an off-the-shelf verification platform to the RC4 stream cipher cryptographic software implementation (as available in the openSSL library), and introduce a deductive verification technique based on self-composition for proving the absence of error propagation.

7 CFR 1124.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1124.86 Section 1124.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

7 CFR 1033.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1033.86 Section 1033.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE MIDEAST MARKETING...

7 CFR 1000.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1000.86 Section 1000.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL PROVISIONS OF FEDERAL...

7 CFR 1030.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1030.86 Section 1030.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE UPPER MIDWEST...

7 CFR 1131.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1131.86 Section 1131.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE ARIZONA MARKETING...

7 CFR 1032.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1032.86 Section 1032.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE CENTRAL MARKETING...

7 CFR 1005.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1005.86 Section 1005.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE APPALACHIAN...

7 CFR 1007.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1007.86 Section 1007.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE SOUTHEAST MARKETING...

7 CFR 1030.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1030.86 Section 1030.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE UPPER MIDWEST...

7 CFR 1124.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1124.86 Section 1124.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

7 CFR 1007.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1007.86 Section 1007.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE SOUTHEAST MARKETING...

7 CFR 1000.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1000.86 Section 1000.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL PROVISIONS OF FEDERAL...

7 CFR 1032.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1032.86 Section 1032.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE CENTRAL MARKETING...

7 CFR 1000.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1000.86 Section 1000.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL PROVISIONS OF FEDERAL...

7 CFR 1032.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1032.86 Section 1032.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE CENTRAL MARKETING...

7 CFR 1032.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1032.86 Section 1032.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE CENTRAL MARKETING...

7 CFR 1001.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1001.86 Section 1001.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE NORTHEAST MARKETING...

7 CFR 1033.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1033.86 Section 1033.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE MIDEAST MARKETING...

7 CFR 1126.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1126.86 Section 1126.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE SOUTHWEST MARKETING...

7 CFR 1033.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1033.86 Section 1033.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE MIDEAST MARKETING...

7 CFR 1006.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1006.86 Section 1006.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE FLORIDA MARKETING...

7 CFR 1030.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1030.86 Section 1030.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE UPPER MIDWEST...

7 CFR 1124.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1124.86 Section 1124.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

7 CFR 1126.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1126.86 Section 1126.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE SOUTHWEST MARKETING...

7 CFR 1001.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1001.86 Section 1001.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE NORTHEAST MARKETING...

7 CFR 1007.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1007.86 Section 1007.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE SOUTHEAST MARKETING...

7 CFR 1006.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1006.86 Section 1006.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE FLORIDA MARKETING...

7 CFR 1030.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1030.86 Section 1030.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE UPPER MIDWEST...

7 CFR 1005.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1005.86 Section 1005.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE APPALACHIAN...

7 CFR 1126.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1126.86 Section 1126.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE SOUTHWEST MARKETING...

7 CFR 1005.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1005.86 Section 1005.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE APPALACHIAN...

7 CFR 1000.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1000.86 Section 1000.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL PROVISIONS OF FEDERAL...

7 CFR 1000.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1000.86 Section 1000.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL PROVISIONS OF FEDERAL...

7 CFR 1131.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1131.86 Section 1131.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE ARIZONA MARKETING...

7 CFR 1131.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1131.86 Section 1131.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE ARIZONA MARKETING...

7 CFR 1005.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1005.86 Section 1005.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE APPALACHIAN...

7 CFR 1131.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1131.86 Section 1131.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE ARIZONA MARKETING...

7 CFR 1001.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1001.86 Section 1001.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE NORTHEAST MARKETING...

7 CFR 1006.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1006.86 Section 1006.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE FLORIDA MARKETING...

7 CFR 1030.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1030.86 Section 1030.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE UPPER MIDWEST...

7 CFR 1032.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1032.86 Section 1032.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE CENTRAL MARKETING...

7 CFR 1033.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1033.86 Section 1033.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE MIDEAST MARKETING...

7 CFR 1033.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1033.86 Section 1033.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE MIDEAST MARKETING...

7 CFR 1005.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1005.86 Section 1005.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE APPALACHIAN...

7 CFR 1007.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1007.86 Section 1007.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE SOUTHEAST MARKETING...

7 CFR 1007.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1007.86 Section 1007.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE SOUTHEAST MARKETING...

7 CFR 1124.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1124.86 Section 1124.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

7 CFR 1006.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1006.86 Section 1006.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE FLORIDA MARKETING...

7 CFR 1126.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1126.86 Section 1126.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE SOUTHWEST MARKETING...

7 CFR 1001.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1001.86 Section 1001.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE NORTHEAST MARKETING...

7 CFR 1006.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1006.86 Section 1006.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE FLORIDA MARKETING...

7 CFR 1001.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1001.86 Section 1001.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE NORTHEAST MARKETING...

76 FR 66012 - Partner's Distributive Share

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-25

[email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background Subchapter K is intended to permit taxpayers to... Revenue Code provides that a partner's distributive share of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit... that a partner's distributive share of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit (or item thereof) shall...

Greek classicism in living structure? Some deductive pathways in animal morphology.

PubMed

Zweers, G A

1985-01-01

Classical temples in ancient Greece show two deterministic illusionistic principles of architecture, which govern their functional design: geometric proportionalism and a set of illusion-strengthening rules in the proportionalism's "stochastic margin". Animal morphology, in its mechanistic-deductive revival, applies just one architectural principle, which is not always satisfactory. Whether a "Greek Classical" situation occurs in the architecture of living structure is to be investigated by extreme testing with deductive methods. Three deductive methods for explanation of living structure in animal morphology are proposed: the parts, the compromise, and the transformation deduction. The methods are based upon the systems concept for an organism, the flow chart for a functionalistic picture, and the network chart for a structuralistic picture, whereas the "optimal design" serves as the architectural principle for living structure. These methods show clearly the high explanatory power of deductive methods in morphology, but they also make one open end most explicit: neutral issues do exist. Full explanation of living structure asks for three entries: functional design within architectural and transformational constraints. The transformational constraint brings necessarily in a stochastic component: an at random variation being a sort of "free management space". This variation must be a variation from the deterministic principle of the optimal design, since any transformation requires space for plasticity in structure and action, and flexibility in role fulfilling. Nevertheless, finally the question comes up whether for animal structure a similar situation exists as in Greek Classical temples. This means that the at random variation, that is found when the optimal design is used to explain structure, comprises apart from a stochastic part also real deviations being yet another deterministic part. This deterministic part could be a set of rules that governs actualization in the "free management space".

The physical environment and patients' activities and care: A comparative case study at three newly built stroke units.

PubMed

Anåker, Anna; von Koch, Lena; Sjöstrand, Christina; Heylighen, Ann; Elf, Marie

2018-04-20

To explore and compare the impact of the physical environment on patients' activities and care at three newly built stroke units. Receiving care in a stroke unit instead of in a general ward reduces the odds of death, dependency and institutionalized care. In stroke units, the design of the physical environment should support evidence-based care. Studies on patients' activities in relation to the design of the physical environment of stroke units are scarce. This work is a comparative descriptive case study. Patients (N = 55) who had a confirmed diagnosis of stroke were recruited from three newly built stroke units in Sweden. The units were examined by non-participant observation using two types of data collection: behavioural mapping analysed with descriptive statistics and field note taking analysed with deductive content analysis. Data were collected from April 2013 - December 2015. The units differed in the patients' levels of physical activity, the proportion of the day that patients spent with health professionals and family presence. Patients were more physically active in a unit with a combination of single and multi-bed room designs than in a unit with an entirely single-room design. Stroke units that were easy to navigate and offered variations in the physical environment had an impact on patients' activities and care. Patients' activity levels and interactions appeared to vary with the design of the physical environments of stroke units. Stroke guidelines focused on health status assessments, avoidance of bed-rest and early rehabilitation require a supportive physical environment. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Advanced Nursing Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.