Sample records for deductive database system

  1. Advanced Query Formulation in Deductive Databases.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Niemi, Timo; Jarvelin, Kalervo

    1992-01-01

    Discusses deductive databases and database management systems (DBMS) and introduces a framework for advanced query formulation for end users. Recursive processing is described, a sample extensional database is presented, query types are explained, and criteria for advanced query formulation from the end user's viewpoint are examined. (31…

  2. On Inference Rules of Logic-Based Information Retrieval Systems.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chen, Patrick Shicheng

    1994-01-01

    Discussion of relevance and the needs of the users in information retrieval focuses on a deductive object-oriented approach and suggests eight inference rules for the deduction. Highlights include characteristics of a deductive object-oriented system, database and data modeling language, implementation, and user interface. (Contains 24…

  3. A data analysis expert system for large established distributed databases

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gnacek, Anne-Marie; An, Y. Kim; Ryan, J. Patrick

    1987-01-01

    A design for a natural language database interface system, called the Deductively Augmented NASA Management Decision support System (DANMDS), is presented. The DANMDS system components have been chosen on the basis of the following considerations: maximal employment of the existing NASA IBM-PC computers and supporting software; local structuring and storing of external data via the entity-relationship model; a natural easy-to-use error-free database query language; user ability to alter query language vocabulary and data analysis heuristic; and significant artificial intelligence data analysis heuristic techniques that allow the system to become progressively and automatically more useful.

  4. A Data Analysis Expert System For Large Established Distributed Databases

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gnacek, Anne-Marie; An, Y. Kim; Ryan, J. Patrick

    1987-05-01

    The purpose of this work is to analyze the applicability of artificial intelligence techniques for developing a user-friendly, parallel interface to large isolated, incompatible NASA databases for the purpose of assisting the management decision process. To carry out this work, a survey was conducted to establish the data access requirements of several key NASA user groups. In addition, current NASA database access methods were evaluated. The results of this work are presented in the form of a design for a natural language database interface system, called the Deductively Augmented NASA Management Decision Support System (DANMDS). This design is feasible principally because of recently announced commercial hardware and software product developments which allow cross-vendor compatibility. The goal of the DANMDS system is commensurate with the central dilemma confronting most large companies and institutions in America, the retrieval of information from large, established, incompatible database systems. The DANMDS system implementation would represent a significant first step toward this problem's resolution.

  5. Are there two processes in reasoning? The dimensionality of inductive and deductive inferences.

    PubMed

    Stephens, Rachel G; Dunn, John C; Hayes, Brett K

    2018-03-01

    Single-process accounts of reasoning propose that the same cognitive mechanisms underlie inductive and deductive inferences. In contrast, dual-process accounts propose that these inferences depend upon 2 qualitatively different mechanisms. To distinguish between these accounts, we derived a set of single-process and dual-process models based on an overarching signal detection framework. We then used signed difference analysis to test each model against data from an argument evaluation task, in which induction and deduction judgments are elicited for sets of valid and invalid arguments. Three data sets were analyzed: data from Singmann and Klauer (2011), a database of argument evaluation studies, and the results of an experiment designed to test model predictions. Of the large set of testable models, we found that almost all could be rejected, including all 2-dimensional models. The only testable model able to account for all 3 data sets was a model with 1 dimension of argument strength and independent decision criteria for induction and deduction judgments. We conclude that despite the popularity of dual-process accounts, current results from the argument evaluation task are best explained by a single-process account that incorporates separate decision thresholds for inductive and deductive inferences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

  6. Relations between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning.

    PubMed

    Heit, Evan; Rotello, Caren M

    2010-05-01

    One of the most important open questions in reasoning research is how inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning are related. In an effort to address this question, we applied methods and concepts from memory research. We used 2 experiments to examine the effects of logical validity and premise-conclusion similarity on evaluation of arguments. Experiment 1 showed 2 dissociations: For a common set of arguments, deduction judgments were more affected by validity, and induction judgments were more affected by similarity. Moreover, Experiment 2 showed that fast deduction judgments were like induction judgments-in terms of being more influenced by similarity and less influenced by validity, compared with slow deduction judgments. These novel results pose challenges for a 1-process account of reasoning and are interpreted in terms of a 2-process account of reasoning, which was implemented as a multidimensional signal detection model and applied to receiver operating characteristic data. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved.

  7. Competitive-Cooperative Automated Reasoning from Distributed and Multiple Source of Data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fard, Amin Milani

    Knowledge extraction from distributed database systems, have been investigated during past decade in order to analyze billions of information records. In this work a competitive deduction approach in a heterogeneous data grid environment is proposed using classic data mining and statistical methods. By applying a game theory concept in a multi-agent model, we tried to design a policy for hierarchical knowledge discovery and inference fusion. To show the system run, a sample multi-expert system has also been developed.

  8. Deductive Error Diagnosis and Inductive Error Generalization for Intelligent Tutoring Systems.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hoppe, H. Ulrich

    1994-01-01

    Examines the deductive approach to error diagnosis for intelligent tutoring systems. Topics covered include the principles of the deductive approach to diagnosis; domain-specific heuristics to solve the problem of generalizing error patterns; and deductive diagnosis and the hypertext-based learning environment. (Contains 26 references.) (JLB)

  9. The Dimensionality of Reasoning: Inductive and Deductive Inference can be Explained by a Single Process.

    PubMed

    Hayes, Brett K; Stephens, Rachel G; Ngo, Jeremy; Dunn, John C

    2018-02-01

    Three-experiments examined the number of qualitatively different processing dimensions needed to account for inductive and deductive reasoning. In each study, participants were presented with arguments that varied in logical validity and consistency with background knowledge (believability), and evaluated them according to deductive criteria (whether the conclusion was necessarily true given the premises) or inductive criteria (whether the conclusion was plausible given the premises). We examined factors including working memory load (Experiments 1 and 2), individual working memory capacity (Experiments 1 and 2), and decision time (Experiment 3), which according to dual-processing theories, modulate the contribution of heuristic and analytic processes to reasoning. A number of empirical dissociations were found. Argument validity affected deduction more than induction. Argument believability affected induction more than deduction. Lower working memory capacity reduced sensitivity to argument validity and increased sensitivity to argument believability, especially under induction instructions. Reduced decision time led to decreased sensitivity to argument validity. State-trace analyses of each experiment, however, found that only a single underlying dimension was required to explain patterns of inductive and deductive judgments. These results show that the dissociations, which have traditionally been seen as supporting dual-processing models of reasoning, are consistent with a single-process model that assumes a common evidentiary scale for induction and deduction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

  10. 5 CFR 846.102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM-ELECTIONS OF COVERAGE General Provisions § 846.102 Definitions. In this part... subject to both CSRS deductions (or deductions under another retirement system for Federal employees if such service is creditable under CSRS) and social security deductions as a result of the Social...

  11. 48 CFR 1852.236-71 - Additive or deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additive or deductive... and Clauses 1852.236-71 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 1836.570(a), insert the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (MAR 1989) (a) The low bidder for purposes of award shall...

  12. 48 CFR 452.236-70 - Additive or Deductive Items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 436.205, insert the following provision: Additive or... listed in the schedule) those additive or deductive bid items providing the most features of the work...

  13. 48 CFR 1452.236-71 - Additive or Deductive Items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 1436.571, insert the following provision: Additive or... the bidder having the lowest total of the base bid and a combination of additive and deductive items...

  14. 48 CFR 1436.571 - Additive and deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additive and deductive... Additive and deductive items. If it appears that funds available for a construction project may be... the work as specified and for one or more additive or deductive bid items which add or omit specified...

  15. 48 CFR 452.236-70 - Additive or Deductive Items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 436.205, insert the following provision: Additive or... listed in the schedule) those additive or deductive bid items providing the most features of the work...

  16. 48 CFR 1836.213-370 - Additive and deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additive and deductive... Special Aspects of Contracting for Construction 1836.213-370 Additive and deductive items. When it appears... the work generally as specified and one or more additive or deductive bid items progressively adding...

  17. 48 CFR 452.236-70 - Additive or Deductive Items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 436.205, insert the following provision: Additive or... listed in the schedule) those additive or deductive bid items providing the most features of the work...

  18. 48 CFR 1836.213-370 - Additive and deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additive and deductive... Special Aspects of Contracting for Construction 1836.213-370 Additive and deductive items. When it appears... the work generally as specified and one or more additive or deductive bid items progressively adding...

  19. 48 CFR 1436.571 - Additive and deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additive and deductive... Additive and deductive items. If it appears that funds available for a construction project may be... the work as specified and for one or more additive or deductive bid items which add or omit specified...

  20. 48 CFR 1836.213-370 - Additive and deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additive and deductive... Special Aspects of Contracting for Construction 1836.213-370 Additive and deductive items. When it appears... the work generally as specified and one or more additive or deductive bid items progressively adding...

  1. 48 CFR 1836.213-370 - Additive and deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additive and deductive... Special Aspects of Contracting for Construction 1836.213-370 Additive and deductive items. When it appears... the work generally as specified and one or more additive or deductive bid items progressively adding...

  2. 48 CFR 1436.571 - Additive and deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additive and deductive... Additive and deductive items. If it appears that funds available for a construction project may be... the work as specified and for one or more additive or deductive bid items which add or omit specified...

  3. 48 CFR 452.236-70 - Additive or Deductive Items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 436.205, insert the following provision: Additive or... listed in the schedule) those additive or deductive bid items providing the most features of the work...

  4. 48 CFR 1836.213-370 - Additive and deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Additive and deductive... Special Aspects of Contracting for Construction 1836.213-370 Additive and deductive items. When it appears... the work generally as specified and one or more additive or deductive bid items progressively adding...

  5. 48 CFR 1436.571 - Additive and deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additive and deductive... Additive and deductive items. If it appears that funds available for a construction project may be... the work as specified and for one or more additive or deductive bid items which add or omit specified...

  6. 48 CFR 1452.236-71 - Additive or Deductive Items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 1436.571, insert the following provision: Additive or... the bidder having the lowest total of the base bid and a combination of additive and deductive items...

  7. 48 CFR 1852.236-71 - Additive or deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additive or deductive... and Clauses 1852.236-71 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 1836.570(a), insert the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (MAR 1989) (a) The low bidder for purposes of award shall...

  8. 48 CFR 1852.236-71 - Additive or deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additive or deductive... and Clauses 1852.236-71 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 1836.570(a), insert the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (MAR 1989) (a) The low bidder for purposes of award shall...

  9. 48 CFR 452.236-70 - Additive or Deductive Items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 436.205, insert the following provision: Additive or... listed in the schedule) those additive or deductive bid items providing the most features of the work...

  10. 48 CFR 1852.236-71 - Additive or deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additive or deductive... and Clauses 1852.236-71 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 1836.570(a), insert the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (MAR 1989) (a) The low bidder for purposes of award shall...

  11. 48 CFR 1452.236-71 - Additive or Deductive Items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 1436.571, insert the following provision: Additive or... the bidder having the lowest total of the base bid and a combination of additive and deductive items...

  12. 48 CFR 1436.571 - Additive and deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additive and deductive... Additive and deductive items. If it appears that funds available for a construction project may be... the work as specified and for one or more additive or deductive bid items which add or omit specified...

  13. 48 CFR 1452.236-71 - Additive or Deductive Items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 1436.571, insert the following provision: Additive or... the bidder having the lowest total of the base bid and a combination of additive and deductive items...

  14. 48 CFR 1452.236-71 - Additive or Deductive Items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additive or Deductive... Additive or Deductive Items. As prescribed in 1436.571, insert the following provision: Additive or... the bidder having the lowest total of the base bid and a combination of additive and deductive items...

  15. 48 CFR 252.236-7007 - Additive or deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additive or deductive... of Provisions And Clauses 252.236-7007 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 236.570(b)(5), use the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (DEC 1991) (a) The low offeror and the items...

  16. 48 CFR 252.236-7007 - Additive or deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additive or deductive... of Provisions And Clauses 252.236-7007 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 236.570(b)(5), use the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (DEC 1991) (a) The low offeror and the items...

  17. 48 CFR 1852.236-71 - Additive or deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Additive or deductive items... 1852.236-71 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 1836.570(a), insert the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (MAR 1989) (a) The low bidder for purposes of award shall be the conforming...

  18. 48 CFR 252.236-7007 - Additive or deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additive or deductive... of Provisions And Clauses 252.236-7007 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 236.570(b)(5), use the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (DEC 1991) (a) The low offeror and the items...

  19. 48 CFR 252.236-7007 - Additive or deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additive or deductive... of Provisions And Clauses 252.236-7007 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 236.570(b)(5), use the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (DEC 1991) (a) The low offeror and the items...

  20. 48 CFR 252.236-7007 - Additive or deductive items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additive or deductive... of Provisions And Clauses 252.236-7007 Additive or deductive items. As prescribed in 236.570(b)(5), use the following provision: Additive or Deductive Items (DEC 1991) (a) The low offeror and the items...

  1. U.S. Security-Related Agreements in Force Since 1955: Introducing a New Database

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-01-01

    necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving...PAF), a division of the RAND Corporation, is the U.S. Air Force’s federally funded research and development center for studies and analyses. PAF...33   Additional Applications of the Treaty and Agreement Database ........................................................... 35   Summary

  2. Perspectives from deductible plan enrollees: plan knowledge and anticipated care-seeking changes.

    PubMed

    Reed, Mary; Benedetti, Nancy; Brand, Richard; Newhouse, Joseph P; Hsu, John

    2009-12-29

    Consumer directed health care proposes that patients will engage as informed consumers of health care services by sharing in more of their medical costs, often through deductibles. We examined knowledge of deductible plan details among new enrollees, as well as anticipated care-seeking changes in response to the deductible. In a large integrated delivery system with a range of deductible-based health plans which varied in services included or exempted from deductible, we conducted a mixed-method, cross-sectional telephone interview study. Among 458 adults newly enrolled in a deductible plan (71% response rate), 51% knew they had a deductible, 26% knew the deductible amount, and 6% knew which medical services were included or exempted from their deductible. After adjusting for respondent characteristics, those with more deductible-applicable services and those with lower self-reported health status were significantly more likely to know they had a deductible. Among those who knew of their deductible, half anticipated that it would cause them to delay or avoid medical care, including avoiding doctor's office visits and medical tests, even services that they believed were medically necessary. Many expressed concern about their costs, anticipating the inability to afford care and expressing the desire to change plans. Early in their experience with a deductible, patients had limited awareness of the deductible and little knowledge of the details. Many who knew of the deductible reported that it would cause them to delay or avoid seeking care and were concerned about their healthcare costs.

  3. The Brain Network for Deductive Reasoning: A Quantitative Meta-analysis of 28 Neuroimaging Studies

    PubMed Central

    Prado, Jérôme; Chadha, Angad; Booth, James R.

    2011-01-01

    Over the course of the past decade, contradictory claims have been made regarding the neural bases of deductive reasoning. Researchers have been puzzled by apparent inconsistencies in the literature. Some have even questioned the effectiveness of the methodology used to study the neural bases of deductive reasoning. However, the idea that neuroimaging findings are inconsistent is not based on any quantitative evidence. Here, we report the results of a quantitative meta-analysis of 28 neuroimaging studies of deductive reasoning published between 1997 and 2010, combining 382 participants. Consistent areas of activations across studies were identified using the multilevel kernel density analysis method. We found that results from neuroimaging studies are more consistent than what has been previously assumed. Overall, studies consistently report activations in specific regions of a left fronto-parietal system, as well as in the left Basal Ganglia. This brain system can be decomposed into three subsystems that are specific to particular types of deductive arguments: relational, categorical, and propositional. These dissociations explain inconstancies in the literature. However, they are incompatible with the notion that deductive reasoning is supported by a single cognitive system relying either on visuospatial or rule-based mechanisms. Our findings provide critical insight into the cognitive organization of deductive reasoning and need to be accounted for by cognitive theories. PMID:21568632

  4. 78 FR 41961 - Submission for Review: 3206-0128, Application for Refund of Retirement Deductions (CSRS), SF 2802...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-12

    ... Retirement Deductions (CSRS), SF 2802 and Current/Former Spouse's Notification of Application for Refund of... Deductions Civil Service Retirement System and Current/Former Spouse's Notification of Application for Refund... Reduction [[Page 41962

  5. Concepts of soil mapping as a basis for the assessment of soil functions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baumgarten, Andreas

    2014-05-01

    Soil mapping systems in Europe have been designed mainly as a tool for the description of soil characteristics from a morphogenetic viewpoint. Contrasting to the American or FAO system, the soil development has been in the main focus of European systems. Nevertheless , recent developments in soil science stress the importance of the functions of soils with respect to the ecosystems. As soil mapping systems usually offer a sound and extensive database, the deduction of soil functions from "classic" mapping parameters can be used for local and regional assessments. According to the used pedo-transfer functions and mapping systems, tailored approaches can be chosen for different applications. In Austria, a system mainly for spatial planning purposes has been developed that will be presented and illustrated by means of best practice examples.

  6. Expert system shell to reason on large amounts of data

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Giuffrida, Gionanni

    1994-01-01

    The current data base management systems (DBMS's) do not provide a sophisticated environment to develop rule based expert systems applications. Some of the new DBMS's come with some sort of rule mechanism; these are active and deductive database systems. However, both of these are not featured enough to support full implementation based on rules. On the other hand, current expert system shells do not provide any link with external databases. That is, all the data are kept in the system working memory. Such working memory is maintained in main memory. For some applications the reduced size of the available working memory could represent a constraint for the development. Typically these are applications which require reasoning on huge amounts of data. All these data do not fit into the computer main memory. Moreover, in some cases these data can be already available in some database systems and continuously updated while the expert system is running. This paper proposes an architecture which employs knowledge discovering techniques to reduce the amount of data to be stored in the main memory; in this architecture a standard DBMS is coupled with a rule-based language. The data are stored into the DBMS. An interface between the two systems is responsible for inducing knowledge from the set of relations. Such induced knowledge is then transferred to the rule-based language working memory.

  7. 17 CFR 256.426.5 - Other deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... deductible before determining total income before interest charges. (b) Records shall be so maintained by...) UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR MUTUAL SERVICE COMPANIES AND SUBSIDIARY SERVICE COMPANIES, PUBLIC UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 1935 Income and Expense Accounts § 256.426.5 Other deductions. (a) This account...

  8. Optional deductibles in social health insurance systems: findings from Germany.

    PubMed

    Pütz, Claudia; Hagist, Christian

    2006-12-01

    A fundamental aspect of the German health insurance system is the principle of solidarity. At the same time, it is possible for certain socio-economic groups to opt out of the otherwise compulsory system. To determine whether rates incorporating deductibles are compatible with the principles of solidarity and have the ability to heighten the appeal of statutory health insurance (SHI) funds compared with private health insurance companies, Germany's third largest SHI fund, Techniker Krankenkasse, implemented a pilot scheme involving the use of deductibles. Preliminary scientific evaluations of the pilot scheme indicate three main results for these deductibles: Firstly, they are compatible with the principles of solidarity in the statutory health insurance system; secondly, they provide an effective means of preventing defection to private health insurance companies and thirdly, they reduced the volume of insurance claims (moral hazard).

  9. Evolution of an Intelligent Deductive Logic Tutor Using Data-Driven Elements

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mostafavi, Behrooz; Barnes, Tiffany

    2017-01-01

    Deductive logic is essential to a complete understanding of computer science concepts, and is thus fundamental to computer science education. Intelligent tutoring systems with individualized instruction have been shown to increase learning gains. We seek to improve the way deductive logic is taught in computer science by developing an intelligent,…

  10. 46 CFR 69.119 - Spaces deducted from gross tonnage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Spaces deducted from gross tonnage. 69.119 Section 69... VESSELS MEASUREMENT OF VESSELS Standard Measurement System § 69.119 Spaces deducted from gross tonnage. (a) Purpose. This section lists the requirements for spaces (other than propelling machinery spaces under § 69...

  11. 48 CFR 49.204 - Deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Deductions. 49.204 Section 49.204 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS Additional Principles for Fixed-Price Contracts Terminated for Convenience 49.204...

  12. Dual Systems Competence [Image Omitted] Procedural Processing: A Relational Developmental Systems Approach to Reasoning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ricco, Robert B.; Overton, Willis F.

    2011-01-01

    Many current psychological models of reasoning minimize the role of deductive processes in human thought. In the present paper, we argue that deduction is an important part of ordinary cognition and we propose that a dual systems Competence [image omitted] Procedural processing model conceptualized within relational developmental systems theory…

  13. 46 CFR 69.121 - Engine room deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Engine room deduction. 69.121 Section 69.121 Shipping... MEASUREMENT OF VESSELS Standard Measurement System § 69.121 Engine room deduction. (a) General. The engine...) Space below the crown. The crown is the top of the main space of the engine room to which the heights of...

  14. 46 CFR 69.121 - Engine room deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Engine room deduction. 69.121 Section 69.121 Shipping... MEASUREMENT OF VESSELS Standard Measurement System § 69.121 Engine room deduction. (a) General. The engine...) Space below the crown. The crown is the top of the main space of the engine room to which the heights of...

  15. Ultra-Structure database design methodology for managing systems biology data and analyses

    PubMed Central

    Maier, Christopher W; Long, Jeffrey G; Hemminger, Bradley M; Giddings, Morgan C

    2009-01-01

    Background Modern, high-throughput biological experiments generate copious, heterogeneous, interconnected data sets. Research is dynamic, with frequently changing protocols, techniques, instruments, and file formats. Because of these factors, systems designed to manage and integrate modern biological data sets often end up as large, unwieldy databases that become difficult to maintain or evolve. The novel rule-based approach of the Ultra-Structure design methodology presents a potential solution to this problem. By representing both data and processes as formal rules within a database, an Ultra-Structure system constitutes a flexible framework that enables users to explicitly store domain knowledge in both a machine- and human-readable form. End users themselves can change the system's capabilities without programmer intervention, simply by altering database contents; no computer code or schemas need be modified. This provides flexibility in adapting to change, and allows integration of disparate, heterogenous data sets within a small core set of database tables, facilitating joint analysis and visualization without becoming unwieldy. Here, we examine the application of Ultra-Structure to our ongoing research program for the integration of large proteomic and genomic data sets (proteogenomic mapping). Results We transitioned our proteogenomic mapping information system from a traditional entity-relationship design to one based on Ultra-Structure. Our system integrates tandem mass spectrum data, genomic annotation sets, and spectrum/peptide mappings, all within a small, general framework implemented within a standard relational database system. General software procedures driven by user-modifiable rules can perform tasks such as logical deduction and location-based computations. The system is not tied specifically to proteogenomic research, but is rather designed to accommodate virtually any kind of biological research. Conclusion We find Ultra-Structure offers substantial benefits for biological information systems, the largest being the integration of diverse information sources into a common framework. This facilitates systems biology research by integrating data from disparate high-throughput techniques. It also enables us to readily incorporate new data types, sources, and domain knowledge with no change to the database structure or associated computer code. Ultra-Structure may be a significant step towards solving the hard problem of data management and integration in the systems biology era. PMID:19691849

  16. Cooperative answers in database systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gaasterland, Terry; Godfrey, Parke; Minker, Jack; Novik, Lev

    1993-01-01

    A major concern of researchers who seek to improve human-computer communication involves how to move beyond literal interpretations of queries to a level of responsiveness that takes the user's misconceptions, expectations, desires, and interests into consideration. At Maryland, we are investigating how to better meet a user's needs within the framework of the cooperative answering system of Gal and Minker. We have been exploring how to use semantic information about the database to formulate coherent and informative answers. The work has two main thrusts: (1) the construction of a logic formula which embodies the content of a cooperative answer; and (2) the presentation of the logic formula to the user in a natural language form. The information that is available in a deductive database system for building cooperative answers includes integrity constraints, user constraints, the search tree for answers to the query, and false presuppositions that are present in the query. The basic cooperative answering theory of Gal and Minker forms the foundation of a cooperative answering system that integrates the new construction and presentation methods. This paper provides an overview of the cooperative answering strategies used in the CARMIN cooperative answering system, an ongoing research effort at Maryland. Section 2 gives some useful background definitions. Section 3 describes techniques for collecting cooperative logical formulae. Section 4 discusses which natural language generation techniques are useful for presenting the logic formula in natural language text. Section 5 presents a diagram of the system.

  17. The Case for the Charitable Deduction: A Deduction, Not a Credit. A Guide to Tax Policy and Higher Education. Tax Studies Paper No. 3.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Council for Advancement and Support of Education, Washington, DC.

    Reasons for continuing to allow the charitable deduction for income tax purposes rather than changing to a tax credit equal to 30 percent of a person's charitable donations are presented. It is projected that support for certain charities, primarily colleges and universities, would decline after implementation of a tax credit system. The current…

  18. Using Decision Procedures to Build Domain-Specific Deductive Synthesis Systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    VanBaalen, Jeffrey; Roach, Steven; Lau, Sonie (Technical Monitor)

    1998-01-01

    This paper describes a class of decision procedures that we have found useful for efficient, domain-specific deductive synthesis. These procedures are called closure-based ground literal satisfiability procedures. We argue that this is a large and interesting class of procedures and show how to interface these procedures to a theorem prover for efficient deductive synthesis. Finally, we describe some results we have observed from our implementation. Amphion/NAIF is a domain-specific, high-assurance software synthesis system. It takes an abstract specification of a problem in solar system mechanics, such as 'when will a signal sent from the Cassini spacecraft to Earth be blocked by the planet Saturn?', and automatically synthesizes a FORTRAN program to solve it.

  19. Use of metaknowledge in the verification of knowledge-based systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Morell, Larry J.

    1989-01-01

    Knowledge-based systems are modeled as deductive systems. The model indicates that the two primary areas of concern in verification are demonstrating consistency and completeness. A system is inconsistent if it asserts something that is not true of the modeled domain. A system is incomplete if it lacks deductive capability. Two forms of consistency are discussed along with appropriate verification methods. Three forms of incompleteness are discussed. The use of metaknowledge, knowledge about knowledge, is explored in connection to each form of incompleteness.

  20. Risk equalization and voluntary deductibles: a complex interaction.

    PubMed

    van Kleef, R C; Beck, K; van de Ven, W P M M; van Vliet, R C J A

    2008-03-01

    The presence of voluntary deductibles in the Swiss and Dutch mandatory health insurance has important implications for the respective risk equalization systems. In a theoretical analysis, we discuss the consequences of equalizing three types of expenditures: the net claims that are reimbursed by the insurer, the out-of-pocket expenditures and the expenditure savings due to moral hazard reduction. Equalizing only the net claims, as done in Switzerland, creates incentives for cream skimming and prevents insurers from incorporating out-of-pocket expenditures and moral hazard reductions into their premium structure. In an empirical analysis, we examine the effect of self-selection and conclude that the Swiss and Dutch risk equalization systems do not fully adjust for differences in health status between those who choose a deductible and those who do not. We discuss how this may lead to incentives for cream skimming and to a reduction of cross-subsidies from healthy to unhealthy individuals compared to a situation without voluntary deductibles.

  1. Improvements to the Ontology-based Metadata Portal for Unified Semantics (OlyMPUS)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Linsinbigler, M. A.; Gleason, J. L.; Huffer, E.

    2016-12-01

    The Ontology-based Metadata Portal for Unified Semantics (OlyMPUS), funded by the NASA Earth Science Technology Office Advanced Information Systems Technology program, is an end-to-end system designed to support Earth Science data consumers and data providers, enabling the latter to register data sets and provision them with the semantically rich metadata that drives the Ontology-Driven Interactive Search Environment for Earth Sciences (ODISEES). OlyMPUS complements the ODISEES' data discovery system with an intelligent tool to enable data producers to auto-generate semantically enhanced metadata and upload it to the metadata repository that drives ODISEES. Like ODISEES, the OlyMPUS metadata provisioning tool leverages robust semantics, a NoSQL database and query engine, an automated reasoning engine that performs first- and second-order deductive inferencing, and uses a controlled vocabulary to support data interoperability and automated analytics. The ODISEES data discovery portal leverages this metadata to provide a seamless data discovery and access experience for data consumers who are interested in comparing and contrasting the multiple Earth science data products available across NASA data centers. Olympus will support scientists' services and tools for performing complex analyses and identifying correlations and non-obvious relationships across all types of Earth System phenomena using the full spectrum of NASA Earth Science data available. By providing an intelligent discovery portal that supplies users - both human users and machines - with detailed information about data products, their contents and their structure, ODISEES will reduce the level of effort required to identify and prepare large volumes of data for analysis. This poster will explain how OlyMPUS leverages deductive reasoning and other technologies to create an integrated environment for generating and exploiting semantically rich metadata.

  2. Factors shaping the evolution of electronic documentation systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dede, Christopher J.; Sullivan, Tim R.; Scace, Jacque R.

    1990-01-01

    The main goal is to prepare the space station technical and managerial structure for likely changes in the creation, capture, transfer, and utilization of knowledge. By anticipating advances, the design of Space Station Project (SSP) information systems can be tailored to facilitate a progression of increasingly sophisticated strategies as the space station evolves. Future generations of advanced information systems will use increases in power to deliver environmentally meaningful, contextually targeted, interconnected data (knowledge). The concept of a Knowledge Base Management System is emerging when the problem is focused on how information systems can perform such a conversion of raw data. Such a system would include traditional management functions for large space databases. Added artificial intelligence features might encompass co-existing knowledge representation schemes; effective control structures for deductive, plausible, and inductive reasoning; means for knowledge acquisition, refinement, and validation; explanation facilities; and dynamic human intervention. The major areas covered include: alternative knowledge representation approaches; advanced user interface capabilities; computer-supported cooperative work; the evolution of information system hardware; standardization, compatibility, and connectivity; and organizational impacts of information intensive environments.

  3. Difference to Inference: teaching logical and statistical reasoning through on-line interactivity.

    PubMed

    Malloy, T E

    2001-05-01

    Difference to Inference is an on-line JAVA program that simulates theory testing and falsification through research design and data collection in a game format. The program, based on cognitive and epistemological principles, is designed to support learning of the thinking skills underlying deductive and inductive logic and statistical reasoning. Difference to Inference has database connectivity so that game scores can be counted as part of course grades.

  4. 75 FR 47030 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Review of a Revised Information Collection: (OMB Control...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-04

    ... Information Collection: (OMB Control No. 3206-0128; Standard Form 2802 and Standard Form 2802A) AGENCY: Office... Deductions Civil Service Retirement System'' (OMB Control No. 3206- 0128; Standard Form 2802), is used to... Deductions'' (OMB Control No. 3206-0128; Standard Form 2802A), is used to comply with the legal requirement...

  5. A Deduction of the Golden Spiral Equation via Powers of the Golden Ratio ?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zahn, Maurício

    2017-01-01

    This paper presents an interesting deduction of the Golden Spiral equation in a suitable polar coordinate system. For this purpose, the concepts of Golden Ratio and Golden Rectangle, and a significant result for the calculation of powers of the Golden Ratio ? using terms of the Fibonacci sequence are mentioned. Finally, various geometrical…

  6. Deductive Evaluation: Formal Code Analysis With Low User Burden

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Di Vito, Ben. L

    2016-01-01

    We describe a framework for symbolically evaluating iterative C code using a deductive approach that automatically discovers and proves program properties. Although verification is not performed, the method can infer detailed program behavior. Software engineering work flows could be enhanced by this type of analysis. Floyd-Hoare verification principles are applied to synthesize loop invariants, using a library of iteration-specific deductive knowledge. When needed, theorem proving is interleaved with evaluation and performed on the fly. Evaluation results take the form of inferred expressions and type constraints for values of program variables. An implementation using PVS (Prototype Verification System) is presented along with results for sample C functions.

  7. 41 CFR 301-11.603 - Are Federal Insurance Contribution Act (FICA) and Medicare deductions included in any...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Are Federal Insurance Contribution Act (FICA) and Medicare deductions included in any reimbursement under this part? 301-11.603 Section 301-11.603 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Travel Regulation System TEMPORARY DUTY (TDY) TRAVEL ALLOWANCES ALLOWABLE...

  8. 41 CFR 301-11.503 - Are Federal Insurance Contribution Act (FICA) and Medicare deductions included in any...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Are Federal Insurance Contribution Act (FICA) and Medicare deductions included in any reimbursement under this part? 301-11.503 Section 301-11.503 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Travel Regulation System TEMPORARY DUTY (TDY) TRAVEL ALLOWANCES ALLOWABLE...

  9. Exercises for Bringing the Hypothetico-Deductive Method to Life

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Romesburg, H. Charles

    2014-01-01

    This article explains four kinds of inquiry exercises, different in purpose, for teaching advanced-level high school and college students the hypothetico-deductive (H-D) method. The first uses a picture of a river system to convey the H-D method's logic. The second has teams of students use the H-D method: their teacher poses a hypothesis…

  10. 26 CFR 15.1-1 - Elections to deduct.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    .... (2) Election to deduct under section 615—(i) General rule. The election to deduct exploration... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Elections to deduct. 15.1-1 Section 15.1-1... Elections to deduct. (a) Manner of making election—(1) Election to deduct under section 617(a). The election...

  11. 26 CFR 20.2053-10 - Deduction for certain foreign death taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deduction for certain foreign death taxes. 20... § 20.2053-10 Deduction for certain foreign death taxes. (a) General rule. A deduction is allowed the... for foreign death taxes. (b) Condition for allowance of deduction. (1) The deduction is not allowed...

  12. 26 CFR 20.2053-10 - Deduction for certain foreign death taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Deduction for certain foreign death taxes. 20... § 20.2053-10 Deduction for certain foreign death taxes. (a) General rule. A deduction is allowed the... for foreign death taxes. (b) Condition for allowance of deduction. (1) The deduction is not allowed...

  13. 26 CFR 20.2053-10 - Deduction for certain foreign death taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2011-04-01 2010-04-01 true Deduction for certain foreign death taxes. 20... § 20.2053-10 Deduction for certain foreign death taxes. (a) General rule. A deduction is allowed the... for foreign death taxes. (b) Condition for allowance of deduction. (1) The deduction is not allowed...

  14. ARROWSMITH-P: A prototype expert system for software engineering management

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Basili, Victor R.; Ramsey, Connie Loggia

    1985-01-01

    Although the field of software engineering is relatively new, it can benefit from the use of expert systems. Two prototype expert systems were developed to aid in software engineering management. Given the values for certain metrics, these systems will provide interpretations which explain any abnormal patterns of these values during the development of a software project. The two systems, which solve the same problem, were built using different methods, rule-based deduction and frame-based abduction. A comparison was done to see which method was better suited to the needs of this field. It was found that both systems performed moderately well, but the rule-based deduction system using simple rules provided more complete solutions than did the frame-based abduction system.

  15. On the deduction of chemical reaction pathways from measurements of time series of concentrations.

    PubMed

    Samoilov, Michael; Arkin, Adam; Ross, John

    2001-03-01

    We discuss the deduction of reaction pathways in complex chemical systems from measurements of time series of chemical concentrations of reacting species. First we review a technique called correlation metric construction (CMC) and show the construction of a reaction pathway from measurements on a part of glycolysis. Then we present two new improved methods for the analysis of time series of concentrations, entropy metric construction (EMC), and entropy reduction method (ERM), and illustrate (EMC) with calculations on a model reaction system. (c) 2001 American Institute of Physics.

  16. 26 CFR 1.832-5 - Deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... TAXES (CONTINUED) Other Insurance Companies § 1.832-5 Deductions. (a) The deductions allowable are..., insurance companies are allowed a deduction for losses from capital assets sold or exchanged in order to... provisions of section 1212. The deduction is the same as that allowed mutual insurance companies subject to...

  17. 26 CFR 1.832-2 - Deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... TAXES (CONTINUED) Other Insurance Companies § 1.832-2 Deductions. (a) The deductions allowable are..., insurance companies are allowed a deduction for losses from capital assets sold or exchanged in order to... provisions of section 1212. The deduction is the same as that allowed mutual insurance companies subject to...

  18. 26 CFR 1.832-2 - Deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... TAXES (CONTINUED) Other Insurance Companies § 1.832-2 Deductions. (a) The deductions allowable are..., insurance companies are allowed a deduction for losses from capital assets sold or exchanged in order to... provisions of section 1212. The deduction is the same as that allowed mutual insurance companies subject to...

  19. 26 CFR 1.832-2 - Deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... TAXES (CONTINUED) Other Insurance Companies § 1.832-2 Deductions. (a) The deductions allowable are..., insurance companies are allowed a deduction for losses from capital assets sold or exchanged in order to... provisions of section 1212. The deduction is the same as that allowed mutual insurance companies subject to...

  20. 26 CFR 1.832-2 - Deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... TAXES (CONTINUED) Other Insurance Companies § 1.832-2 Deductions. (a) The deductions allowable are..., insurance companies are allowed a deduction for losses from capital assets sold or exchanged in order to... provisions of section 1212. The deduction is the same as that allowed mutual insurance companies subject to...

  1. 42 CFR 408.42 - Deduction from railroad retirement benefits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Deduction from railroad retirement benefits. 408.42... § 408.42 Deduction from railroad retirement benefits. (a) Responsibility for deductions. If an enrollee is entitled to railroad retirement benefits, his or her SMI premiums are deducted from those benefits...

  2. 42 CFR 417.158 - Payroll deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Payroll deductions. 417.158 Section 417.158 Public....158 Payroll deductions. Each employing entity that provides payroll deductions as a means of paying... employee's contribution, if any, to be paid through payroll deductions. [59 FR 49841, Sept. 30, 1994] ...

  3. 26 CFR 1.832-2 - Deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... TAXES Other Insurance Companies § 1.832-2 Deductions. (a) The deductions allowable are specified in... provisions of section 1212. The deduction is the same as that allowed mutual insurance companies subject to... companies, other than mutual fire insurance companies described in § 1.831-1, are also allowed a deduction...

  4. 26 CFR 1.243-1 - Deduction for dividends received by corporations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deduction for dividends received by corporations... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Special Deductions for Corporations § 1.243-1 Deduction for dividends received by corporations. (a)(1) A corporation is allowed a deduction under section 243 for...

  5. 26 CFR 1.172-1 - Net operating loss deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Net operating loss deduction. 1.172-1 Section 1... operating loss deduction. (a) Allowance of deduction. Section 172(a) allows as a deduction in computing taxable income for any taxable year subject to the Code the aggregate of the net operating loss carryovers...

  6. 26 CFR 1.108-3 - Intercompany losses and deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Intercompany losses and deductions. 1.108-3... Intercompany losses and deductions. (a) General rule. This section applies to certain losses and deductions... attributes to which section 108(b) applies, a loss or deduction not yet taken into account under section 267...

  7. 26 CFR 1.812-2 - Operations loss deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Gain and Loss from Operations § 1.812-2 Operations loss deduction. (a) Allowance of deduction. Section 812 provides that a life insurance company shall be allowed a deduction in computing gain... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Operations loss deduction. 1.812-2 Section 1.812...

  8. Deductive Glue Code Synthesis for Embedded Software Systems Based on Code Patterns

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Liu, Jian; Fu, Jicheng; Zhang, Yansheng; Bastani, Farokh; Yen, I-Ling; Tai, Ann; Chau, Savio N.

    2006-01-01

    Automated code synthesis is a constructive process that can be used to generate programs from specifications. It can, thus, greatly reduce the software development cost and time. The use of formal code synthesis approach for software generation further increases the dependability of the system. Though code synthesis has many potential benefits, the synthesis techniques are still limited. Meanwhile, components are widely used in embedded system development. Applying code synthesis to component based software development (CBSD) process can greatly enhance the capability of code synthesis while reducing the component composition efforts. In this paper, we discuss the issues and techniques for applying deductive code synthesis techniques to CBSD. For deductive synthesis in CBSD, a rule base is the key for inferring appropriate component composition. We use the code patterns to guide the development of rules. Code patterns have been proposed to capture the typical usages of the components. Several general composition operations have been identified to facilitate systematic composition. We present the technique for rule development and automated generation of new patterns from existing code patterns. A case study of using this method in building a real-time control system is also presented.

  9. Deductibles in health insurance: can the actuarially fair premium reduction exceed the deductible?

    PubMed

    Bakker, F M; van Vliet, R C; van de Ven, W P

    2000-09-01

    The actuarially fair premium reduction in case of a deductible relative to full insurance is affected by: (1) out-of-pocket payments, (2) moral hazard, (3) administrative costs, and, in case of a voluntary deductible, (4) adverse selection. Both the partial effects and the total effect of these factors are analyzed. Moral hazard and adverse selection appear to have a substantial effect on the expected health care costs above a deductible but a small effect on the expected out-of-pocket expenditure. A premium model indicates that for a broad range of deductible amounts the actuarially fair premium reduction exceeds the deductible.

  10. 42 CFR 408.45 - Deduction from age 72 special payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Deduction from age 72 special payments. 408.45... § 408.45 Deduction from age 72 special payments. (a) Deduction of premiums. SMI premiums are deducted from age 72 special payments made under section 228 of the Act or the payments are withheld under...

  11. 26 CFR 20.2053-9 - Deduction for certain State death taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deduction for certain State death taxes. 20... § 20.2053-9 Deduction for certain State death taxes. (a) General rule. A deduction is allowed a... death taxes. However, see section 2058 to determine the deductibility of state death taxes by estates to...

  12. 26 CFR 1.642(g)-2 - Deductions included.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Deductions included. 1.642(g)-2 Section 1.642(g... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1.642(g)-2 Deductions included. It...(g) is applicable be treated in the same way. One deduction or portion of a deduction may be allowed...

  13. 26 CFR 1.642(g)-2 - Deductions included.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Deductions included. 1.642(g)-2 Section 1.642(g... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1.642(g)-2 Deductions included. It...(g) is applicable be treated in the same way. One deduction or portion of a deduction may be allowed...

  14. 26 CFR 1.642(g)-2 - Deductions included.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Deductions included. 1.642(g)-2 Section 1.642(g... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1.642(g)-2 Deductions included. It...(g) is applicable be treated in the same way. One deduction or portion of a deduction may be allowed...

  15. 26 CFR 1.642(g)-2 - Deductions included.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Deductions included. 1.642(g)-2 Section 1.642(g... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1.642(g)-2 Deductions included. It...(g) is applicable be treated in the same way. One deduction or portion of a deduction may be allowed...

  16. 26 CFR 1.642(g)-2 - Deductions included.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deductions included. 1.642(g)-2 Section 1.642(g... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1.642(g)-2 Deductions included. It is not required that the total deductions, or the total amount of any deduction, to which section 642(g) is...

  17. 42 CFR 408.45 - Deduction from age 72 special payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Deduction from age 72 special payments. 408.45... § 408.45 Deduction from age 72 special payments. (a) Deduction of premiums. SMI premiums are deducted from age 72 special payments made under section 228 of the Act or the payments are withheld under...

  18. 26 CFR 20.2053-9 - Deduction for certain State death taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Deduction for certain State death taxes. 20... § 20.2053-9 Deduction for certain State death taxes. (a) General rule. A deduction is allowed a... death taxes. However, see section 2058 to determine the deductibility of state death taxes by estates to...

  19. 26 CFR 20.2053-9 - Deduction for certain State death taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2011-04-01 2010-04-01 true Deduction for certain State death taxes. 20.2053....2053-9 Deduction for certain State death taxes. (a) General rule. A deduction is allowed a decedent's....2011-2 for the effect which the allowance of this deduction has upon the credit for State death taxes...

  20. Fast Context Switching in Real-Time Propositional Reasoning

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Nayak, P. Pandurang; Williams, Brian C.

    1997-01-01

    The trend to increasingly capable and affordable control processors has generated an explosion of embedded real-time gadgets that serve almost every function imaginable. The daunting task of programming these gadgets is greatly alleviated with real-time deductive engines that perform all execution and monitoring functions from a single core model, Fast response times are achieved using an incremental propositional deductive database (an LTMS). Ideally the cost of an LTMS's incremental update should be linear in the number of labels that change between successive contexts. Unfortunately an LTMS can expend a significant percentage of its time working on labels that remain constant between contexts. This is caused by the LTMS's conservative approach: a context switch first removes all consequences of deleted clauses, whether or not those consequences hold in the new context. This paper presents a more aggressive incremental TMS, called the ITMS, that avoids processing a significant number of these consequences that are unchanged. Our empirical evaluation for spacecraft control shows that the overhead of processing unchanged consequences can be reduced by a factor of seven.

  1. [ ] or SUCCESS is Not Enough: Current Technology and Future Directions in Proof Presentation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schumann, Johann; Robinson, Peter; Clancy, Daniel (Technical Monitor)

    2001-01-01

    Automated theorem provers for first order logic are now around for several decades. Over the last few years, their deductive power to solve hard problems has increased tremendously. The annual CASC system competitions [Se97] give a clear picture of this situation. However, today's automated theorem provers are restricted "more by general usability than by raw deductive power." As a result of this, there are only very few serious applications of automated theorem provers. There are numerous features which a theorem prover lacks for real-world applicability. An automated theorem prover (as it is currently seen) is nothing more than a fast and elaborate search procedure. In that sense, an ATP can compared to a formulated race car, cool and fast, but virtually unusable for shopping groceries around the corner. Many important features are missing, or are optimized for speed rather than for applicability. [Schol] identifies important features which are needed for practical usability like detection of non-theorems, handling of modal/inductive proof tasks, control of the prover, and proof output. In this paper, we will focus solely on the last point, the presentation of the ATP's result to the user. In the rest of this paper, we will first discuss the general importance of providing feedback to the user, then we will describe the system ExplainIt!, a part of the deductive synthesis system AMPHION/NAV. In the conclusions we will relate proof presentation to other ways of post-processing a proof found by an ATP and stress their role in the future of automated deduction.

  2. Differential involvement of left prefrontal cortex in inductive and deductive reasoning.

    PubMed

    Goel, Vinod; Dolan, Raymond J

    2004-10-01

    While inductive and deductive reasoning are considered distinct logical and psychological processes, little is known about their respective neural basis. To address this issue we scanned 16 subjects with fMRI, using an event-related design, while they engaged in inductive and deductive reasoning tasks. Both types of reasoning were characterized by activation of left lateral prefrontal and bilateral dorsal frontal, parietal, and occipital cortices. Neural responses unique to each type of reasoning determined from the Reasoning Type (deduction and induction) by Task (reasoning and baseline) interaction indicated greater involvement of left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44) in deduction than induction, while left dorsolateral (BA 8/9) prefrontal gyrus showed greater activity during induction than deduction. This pattern suggests a dissociation within prefrontal cortex for deductive and inductive reasoning.

  3. Greek classicism in living structure? Some deductive pathways in animal morphology.

    PubMed

    Zweers, G A

    1985-01-01

    Classical temples in ancient Greece show two deterministic illusionistic principles of architecture, which govern their functional design: geometric proportionalism and a set of illusion-strengthening rules in the proportionalism's "stochastic margin". Animal morphology, in its mechanistic-deductive revival, applies just one architectural principle, which is not always satisfactory. Whether a "Greek Classical" situation occurs in the architecture of living structure is to be investigated by extreme testing with deductive methods. Three deductive methods for explanation of living structure in animal morphology are proposed: the parts, the compromise, and the transformation deduction. The methods are based upon the systems concept for an organism, the flow chart for a functionalistic picture, and the network chart for a structuralistic picture, whereas the "optimal design" serves as the architectural principle for living structure. These methods show clearly the high explanatory power of deductive methods in morphology, but they also make one open end most explicit: neutral issues do exist. Full explanation of living structure asks for three entries: functional design within architectural and transformational constraints. The transformational constraint brings necessarily in a stochastic component: an at random variation being a sort of "free management space". This variation must be a variation from the deterministic principle of the optimal design, since any transformation requires space for plasticity in structure and action, and flexibility in role fulfilling. Nevertheless, finally the question comes up whether for animal structure a similar situation exists as in Greek Classical temples. This means that the at random variation, that is found when the optimal design is used to explain structure, comprises apart from a stochastic part also real deviations being yet another deterministic part. This deterministic part could be a set of rules that governs actualization in the "free management space".

  4. Incremental Query Rewriting with Resolution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Riazanov, Alexandre; Aragão, Marcelo A. T.

    We address the problem of semantic querying of relational databases (RDB) modulo knowledge bases using very expressive knowledge representation formalisms, such as full first-order logic or its various fragments. We propose to use a resolution-based first-order logic (FOL) reasoner for computing schematic answers to deductive queries, with the subsequent translation of these schematic answers to SQL queries which are evaluated using a conventional relational DBMS. We call our method incremental query rewriting, because an original semantic query is rewritten into a (potentially infinite) series of SQL queries. In this chapter, we outline the main idea of our technique - using abstractions of databases and constrained clauses for deriving schematic answers, and provide completeness and soundness proofs to justify the applicability of this technique to the case of resolution for FOL without equality. The proposed method can be directly used with regular RDBs, including legacy databases. Moreover, we propose it as a potential basis for an efficient Web-scale semantic search technology.

  5. 20 CFR 416.724 - Amounts of penalty deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Amounts of penalty deductions. 416.724 Section 416.724 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Reports Required Penalty Deductions § 416.724 Amounts of penalty deductions...

  6. 20 CFR 416.724 - Amounts of penalty deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Amounts of penalty deductions. 416.724 Section 416.724 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Reports Required Penalty Deductions § 416.724 Amounts of penalty deductions...

  7. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ortoleva, Peter J.

    Illustrative embodiments of systems and methods for the deductive multiscale simulation of macromolecules are disclosed. In one illustrative embodiment, a deductive multiscale simulation method may include (i) constructing a set of order parameters that model one or more structural characteristics of a macromolecule, (ii) simulating an ensemble of atomistic configurations for the macromolecule using instantaneous values of the set of order parameters, (iii) simulating thermal-average forces and diffusivities for the ensemble of atomistic configurations, and (iv) evolving the set of order parameters via Langevin dynamics using the thermal-average forces and diffusivities.

  8. 26 CFR 1.873-1 - Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Corporations § 1.873-1 Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals. (a) General provisions—(1) Allocation of deductions. In...

  9. 26 CFR 1.832-5 - Deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... TAXES Other Insurance Companies § 1.832-5 Deductions. (a) The deductions allowable are specified in... provisions of section 1212. The deduction is the same as that allowed mutual insurance companies subject to... companies, other than mutual fire insurance companies described in section 831(a)(3)(A) and the regulations...

  10. 42 CFR 408.43 - Deduction from social security benefits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Deduction from social security benefits. 408.43... § 408.43 Deduction from social security benefits. SSA, acting as CMS's agent, deducts the premiums from the monthly social security benefits if the enrollee is not entitled to railroad retirement benefits...

  11. Children's and Adults' Evaluation of Their Own Inductive Inferences, Deductive Inferences, and Guesses

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pillow, Bradford H.; Pearson, RaeAnne M.

    2009-01-01

    Adults' and kindergarten through fourth-grade children's evaluations and explanations of inductive inferences, deductive inferences, and guesses were assessed. Beginning in kindergarten, participants rated deductions as more certain than weak inductions or guesses. Beginning in third grade, deductions were rated as more certain than strong…

  12. 12 CFR 347.208 - Assessment base deductions by insured branch.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Assessment base deductions by insured branch... STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL BANKING Foreign Banks § 347.208 Assessment base deductions by..., branches, agencies, or wholly owned subsidiaries may be deducted from the assessment base of the insured...

  13. 12 CFR 347.208 - Assessment base deductions by insured branch.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Assessment base deductions by insured branch... STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL BANKING Foreign Banks § 347.208 Assessment base deductions by..., branches, agencies, or wholly owned subsidiaries may be deducted from the assessment base of the insured...

  14. 22 CFR 512.22 - Deduction from pay.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Deduction from pay. 512.22 Section 512.22 Foreign Relations BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS COLLECTION OF DEBTS UNDER THE DEBT COLLECTION ACT OF 1982 Salary Offset § 512.22 Deduction from pay. (a) Deduction by salary offset, from an employee's...

  15. 22 CFR 512.22 - Deduction from pay.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2012-04-01 2009-04-01 true Deduction from pay. 512.22 Section 512.22 Foreign Relations BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS COLLECTION OF DEBTS UNDER THE DEBT COLLECTION ACT OF 1982 Salary Offset § 512.22 Deduction from pay. (a) Deduction by salary offset, from an employee's...

  16. 22 CFR 512.22 - Deduction from pay.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Deduction from pay. 512.22 Section 512.22 Foreign Relations BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS COLLECTION OF DEBTS UNDER THE DEBT COLLECTION ACT OF 1982 Salary Offset § 512.22 Deduction from pay. (a) Deduction by salary offset, from an employee's...

  17. 22 CFR 512.22 - Deduction from pay.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2013-04-01 2009-04-01 true Deduction from pay. 512.22 Section 512.22 Foreign Relations BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS COLLECTION OF DEBTS UNDER THE DEBT COLLECTION ACT OF 1982 Salary Offset § 512.22 Deduction from pay. (a) Deduction by salary offset, from an employee's...

  18. 42 CFR 408.43 - Deduction from social security benefits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Deduction from social security benefits. 408.43... § 408.43 Deduction from social security benefits. SSA, acting as CMS's agent, deducts the premiums from the monthly social security benefits if the enrollee is not entitled to railroad retirement benefits...

  19. 42 CFR 408.43 - Deduction from social security benefits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Deduction from social security benefits. 408.43... § 408.43 Deduction from social security benefits. SSA, acting as CMS's agent, deducts the premiums from the monthly social security benefits if the enrollee is not entitled to railroad retirement benefits...

  20. 42 CFR 408.43 - Deduction from social security benefits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Deduction from social security benefits. 408.43... § 408.43 Deduction from social security benefits. SSA, acting as CMS's agent, deducts the premiums from the monthly social security benefits if the enrollee is not entitled to railroad retirement benefits...

  1. 42 CFR 408.43 - Deduction from social security benefits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Deduction from social security benefits. 408.43... § 408.43 Deduction from social security benefits. SSA, acting as CMS's agent, deducts the premiums from the monthly social security benefits if the enrollee is not entitled to railroad retirement benefits...

  2. 12 CFR 347.208 - Assessment base deductions by insured branch.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Assessment base deductions by insured branch... STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL BANKING Foreign Banks § 347.208 Assessment base deductions by..., branches, agencies, or wholly owned subsidiaries may be deducted from the assessment base of the insured...

  3. 29 CFR 1450.23 - Deduction from pay.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Deduction from pay. 1450.23 Section 1450.23 Labor... OWED THE UNITED STATES Salary Offset § 1450.23 Deduction from pay. (a) Deduction by salary offset, from an employee's current disposable pay, shall be subject to the following conditions: (1) Ordinarily...

  4. 22 CFR 512.22 - Deduction from pay.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Deduction from pay. 512.22 Section 512.22... 1982 Salary Offset § 512.22 Deduction from pay. (a) Deduction by salary offset, from an employee's disposable current pay, shall be subject to the following circumstances: (1) When funds are available, the...

  5. Dual Logic and Cerebral Coordinates for Reciprocal Interaction in Eye Contact

    PubMed Central

    Lee, Ray F.

    2015-01-01

    In order to scientifically study the human brain’s response to face-to-face social interaction, the scientific method itself needs to be reconsidered so that both quantitative observation and symbolic reasoning can be adapted to the situation where the observer is also observed. In light of the recent development of dyadic fMRI which can directly observe dyadic brain interacting in one MRI scanner, this paper aims to establish a new form of logic, dual logic, which provides a theoretical platform for deductive reasoning in a complementary dual system with emergence mechanism. Applying the dual logic in the dfMRI experimental design and data analysis, the exogenous and endogenous dual systems in the BOLD responses can be identified; the non-reciprocal responses in the dual system can be suppressed; a cerebral coordinate for reciprocal interaction can be generated. Elucidated by dual logic deductions, the cerebral coordinate for reciprocal interaction suggests: the exogenous and endogenous systems consist of the empathy network and the mentalization network respectively; the default-mode network emerges from the resting state to activation in the endogenous system during reciprocal interaction; the cingulate plays an essential role in the emergence from the exogenous system to the endogenous system. Overall, the dual logic deductions are supported by the dfMRI experimental results and are consistent with current literature. Both the theoretical framework and experimental method set the stage to formally apply the scientific method in studying complex social interaction. PMID:25885446

  6. 20 CFR 404.457 - Deductions where taxes neither deducted from wages of certain maritime employees nor paid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... wages of certain maritime employees nor paid. 404.457 Section 404.457 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL... maritime employees nor paid. (a) When deduction is required. A deduction is required where: (1) An... Administration or, for services performed before February 11, 1942, through the United States Maritime Commission...

  7. 26 CFR 1.941-1 - Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2014-04-01 2013-04-01 true Special deduction for China Trade Act... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) China Trade Act Corporations § 1.941-1 Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations. In addition to the deductions from taxable income otherwise...

  8. 26 CFR 1.941-1 - Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Special deduction for China Trade Act... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) China Trade Act Corporations § 1.941-1 Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations. In addition to the deductions from taxable income otherwise...

  9. Children's and Adults' Judgments of the Certainty of Deductive Inferences, Inductive Inferences, and Guesses

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pillow, Bradford H.; Pearson, RaeAnne M.; Hecht, Mary; Bremer, Amanda

    2010-01-01

    Children and adults rated their own certainty following inductive inferences, deductive inferences, and guesses. Beginning in kindergarten, participants rated deductions as more certain than weak inductions or guesses. Deductions were rated as more certain than strong inductions beginning in Grade 3, and fourth-grade children and adults…

  10. 26 CFR 1.941-1 - Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Special deduction for China Trade Act... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) China Trade Act Corporations § 1.941-1 Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations. In addition to the deductions from taxable income otherwise...

  11. 26 CFR 1.941-1 - Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Special deduction for China Trade Act... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES China Trade Act Corporations § 1.941-1 Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations. In addition to the deductions from taxable income otherwise allowed such a...

  12. 42 CFR 409.89 - Exemption of kidney donors from deductible and coinsurance requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Exemption of kidney donors from deductible and... Deductibles and Coinsurance § 409.89 Exemption of kidney donors from deductible and coinsurance requirements... furnished to an individual in connection with the donation of a kidney for transplant surgery. ...

  13. 42 CFR 409.89 - Exemption of kidney donors from deductible and coinsurance requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Exemption of kidney donors from deductible and... Deductibles and Coinsurance § 409.89 Exemption of kidney donors from deductible and coinsurance requirements... furnished to an individual in connection with the donation of a kidney for transplant surgery. ...

  14. 25 CFR 163.25 - Forest management deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Forest management deductions. 163.25 Section 163.25... Forest Management and Operations § 163.25 Forest management deductions. (a) Pursuant to the provisions of 25 U.S.C. 413 and 25 U.S.C. 3105, a forest management deduction shall be withheld from the gross...

  15. 26 CFR 20.2053-10 - Deduction for certain foreign death taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 2055, but only if (1) the conditions stated in paragraph (b) of this section are met, and (2) an... for foreign death taxes. (b) Condition for allowance of deduction. (1) The deduction is not allowed.... For allowance of the deduction, it is sufficient if either of these conditions is satisfied. Thus, in...

  16. 26 CFR 20.2053-10 - Deduction for certain foreign death taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 2055, but only if (1) the conditions stated in paragraph (b) of this section are met, and (2) an... for foreign death taxes. (b) Condition for allowance of deduction. (1) The deduction is not allowed.... For allowance of the deduction, it is sufficient if either of these conditions is satisfied. Thus, in...

  17. 26 CFR 1.642(d)-1 - Net operating loss deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Net operating loss deduction. 1.642(d)-1 Section... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1.642(d)-1 Net operating loss deduction. The net operating loss deduction allowed by section 172 is available to estates and trusts...

  18. 26 CFR 1.1402(a)-7 - Net operating loss deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 12 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Net operating loss deduction. 1.1402(a)-7...) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Tax on Self-Employment Income § 1.1402(a)-7 Net operating loss deduction. The deduction provided by section 172, relating to net operating losses sustained in years other...

  19. 25 CFR 163.25 - Forest management deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Forest management deductions. 163.25 Section 163.25... Forest Management and Operations § 163.25 Forest management deductions. (a) Pursuant to the provisions of 25 U.S.C. 413 and 25 U.S.C. 3105, a forest management deduction shall be withheld from the gross...

  20. 20 CFR 361.11 - Procedures for salary offset: When deductions may begin.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Procedures for salary offset: When deductions... § 361.11 Procedures for salary offset: When deductions may begin. (a) Deductions to liquidate an... a debt is completed, offset shall be made from subsequent payments of any nature (e.g., final salary...

  1. 38 CFR 8.5 - Authorization for deduction of premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Authorization for deduction of premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension. 8.5 Section 8.5 Pensions, Bonuses, and... Authorization for deduction of premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension. Deductions from benefits...

  2. Sherlock Holmes and the Curious Case of the Human Locomotor Central Pattern Generator.

    PubMed

    Klarner, Taryn; Zehr, E Paul

    2018-03-14

    Evidence first described in reduced animal models over 100 years ago led to deductions about the control of locomotion through spinal locomotor central pattern generating (CPG) networks. These discoveries in nature were contemporaneous with another form of deductive reasoning found in popular culture-that of Arthur Conan Doyle's detective "Sherlock Holmes". Since the invasive methods used in reduced non-human animal preparations are not amenable to study in humans, we are left instead with deducing from other measures and observations. Using the deductive reasoning approach of Sherlock Holmes as a metaphor for framing research into human CPGs, we speculate and weigh the evidence that should be observable in humans based on knowledge from other species. This review summarizes indirect inference to assess "observable evidence" of pattern generating activity which leads to the logical deduction of CPG contributions to arm and leg activity during locomotion in humans. The question of where a CPG may be housed in the human nervous system remains incompletely resolved at this time. Ongoing understanding, elaboration and application of functioning locomotor CPGs in humans is important for gait rehabilitation strategies in those with neurological injuries.

  3. In-Field Diffuse Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and Imaging of the Stardust Sample Return Capsule

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pugel, D. Elizabeth; Stackpoole, Mairead; McNamara, Karen; Schwartz, C.; Warren, J.; Kontinos, Dean

    2008-01-01

    In-field diffuse Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy and imaging systems were developed for the purposes of evaluating the surface chemical composition of spacecraft thermal control coatings and materials. The investigation of these systems and the compilation of an associated UV reflectance and luminescence database were conducted using the Stardust Sample Return Capsule (SRC), located at the Johnson Space Center. Spectral responses of the surfaces of the Stardust forebody and aftbody in both reflectance and fluorescence modes were examined post-flight. In this paper, we report on two primary findings of in-field diffuse UV spectroscopy and imaging: (1) deduction of the thermal history of thermal control coatings of the forebody and (2) bond line variations in the aftbody. In the forebody, the thermal history of thermal control coatings may be deduced from the presence of particular semiconducting defect states associated with ZnO, a common emissivity constituent in thermal control coatings. A spatial dependence of this history was mapped for these regions. In the aftbody, luminescing defect states, associated with Si and SiO2 color centers were found along regions of bond variability.

  4. 26 CFR 1.167(a)-10 - When depreciation deduction is allowable.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false When depreciation deduction is allowable. 1.167... Corporations § 1.167(a)-10 When depreciation deduction is allowable. (a) A taxpayer should deduct the proper depreciation allowance each year and may not increase his depreciation allowances in later years by reason of...

  5. 26 CFR 20.2053-6 - Deduction for taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deduction for taxes. 20.2053-6 Section 20.2053... TAXES ESTATE TAX; ESTATES OF DECEDENTS DYING AFTER AUGUST 16, 1954 Taxable Estate § 20.2053-6 Deduction for taxes. (a) In general—(1) Taxes are deductible in computing a decedent's gross estate— (i) Only as...

  6. 7 CFR 3.81 - Procedures for salary offset: when deductions may begin.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Procedures for salary offset: when deductions may... Salary Offset § 3.81 Procedures for salary offset: when deductions may begin. (a) Deductions to liquidate... Offset Salary to collect from the employee's current pay. (b) If the employee filed a petition for a...

  7. 78 FR 41961 - Submission for Review: 3206-0170, Application for Refund of Retirement Deductions/FERS (SF 3106...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-12

    ... Retirement Deductions/FERS (SF 3106) and Current/Former Spouse(s) Notification of Application for Refund of Retirement Deductions Under FERS (SF 3106A) AGENCY: U.S. Office of Personnel Management. ACTION: 30-Day... Current/Former Spouse(s) Notification of Application for Refund of Retirement Deductions Under FERS (SF...

  8. 26 CFR 1.249-1 - Limitation on deduction of bond premium on repurchase.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... A issues a callable 20-year convertible bond at face for $1,000 bearing interest at 10 percent per... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Limitation on deduction of bond premium on... deduction of bond premium on repurchase. (a) Limitation—(1) General rule. No deduction is allowed to the...

  9. 26 CFR 1.163-12 - Deduction of original issue discount on instrument held by related foreign person.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... on which the amount is includible in income is determined with reference to the method of accounting... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Deduction of original issue discount on... Deductions for Individuals and Corporations § 1.163-12 Deduction of original issue discount on instrument...

  10. 26 CFR 1.163-12 - Deduction of original issue discount on instrument held by related foreign person.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... on which the amount is includible in income is determined with reference to the method of accounting... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Deduction of original issue discount on... Deductions for Individuals and Corporations § 1.163-12 Deduction of original issue discount on instrument...

  11. 26 CFR 1.163-12 - Deduction of original issue discount on instrument held by related foreign person.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... on which the amount is includible in income is determined with reference to the method of accounting... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Deduction of original issue discount on... Deductions for Individuals and Corporations § 1.163-12 Deduction of original issue discount on instrument...

  12. Understanding Loss Deductions For Yard Trees

    Treesearch

    John Greene

    1998-01-01

    The sudden destruction of trees or other yard plants due to a fire, storm, or massive insect attack qualifies for a casualty loss deduction. Unfortnately, the casualty loss rules for personal use property allow deductions only for large losses. To calculate your deduction, start with the lesser of the decrease in fair market value of your property caused by the loss of...

  13. 26 CFR 1.1312-5 - Correlative deductions and inclusions for trusts or estates and legatees, beneficiaries, or heirs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Correlative deductions and inclusions for trusts... of Tax Between Years and Special Limitations § 1.1312-5 Correlative deductions and inclusions for... the amount of the deduction allowed by sections 651 and 661 or the inclusion in taxable income of the...

  14. 26 CFR 1.221-1 - Deduction for interest paid on qualified education loans after December 31, 2001.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... § 1.163-7, original issue discount on a qualified education loan is not deductible until paid. See... education loans after December 31, 2001. 1.221-1 Section 1.221-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Deductions for Individuals § 1.221-1 Deduction for interest paid on qualified education loans after December...

  15. 26 CFR 1.221-1 - Deduction for interest paid on qualified education loans after December 31, 2001.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... § 1.163-7, original issue discount on a qualified education loan is not deductible until paid. See... education loans after December 31, 2001. 1.221-1 Section 1.221-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Deductions for Individuals § 1.221-1 Deduction for interest paid on qualified education loans after December...

  16. 26 CFR 1.221-1 - Deduction for interest paid on qualified education loans after December 31, 2001.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... § 1.163-7, original issue discount on a qualified education loan is not deductible until paid. See... education loans after December 31, 2001. 1.221-1 Section 1.221-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Deductions for Individuals § 1.221-1 Deduction for interest paid on qualified education loans after December...

  17. Children's and adults' judgments of the certainty of deductive inferences, inductive inferences, and guesses.

    PubMed

    Pillow, Bradford H; Pearson, Raeanne M; Hecht, Mary; Bremer, Amanda

    2010-01-01

    Children and adults rated their own certainty following inductive inferences, deductive inferences, and guesses. Beginning in kindergarten, participants rated deductions as more certain than weak inductions or guesses. Deductions were rated as more certain than strong inductions beginning in Grade 3, and fourth-grade children and adults differentiated strong inductions, weak inductions, and informed guesses from pure guesses. By Grade 3, participants also gave different types of explanations for their deductions and inductions. These results are discussed in relation to children's concepts of cognitive processes, logical reasoning, and epistemological development.

  18. A Logic Basis for Information Retrieval.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Watters, C. R.; Shepherd, M. A.

    1987-01-01

    Discusses the potential of recent work in artificial intelligence, especially expert systems, for the development of more effective information retrieval systems. Highlights include the role of an expert bibliographic retrieval system and a prototype expert retrieval system, PROBIB-2, that uses MicroProlog to provide deductive reasoning…

  19. 26 CFR 1.162-10T - Questions and answers relating to the deduction of employee benefits under the Tax Reform Act of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... of employee benefits under the Tax Reform Act of 1984; certain limits on amounts deductible... and Corporations § 1.162-10T Questions and answers relating to the deduction of employee benefits... amendment of section 404(b) by the Tax Reform Act of 1984 affect the deduction of employee benefits under...

  20. Evaluating the roles of the inferior frontal gyrus and superior parietal lobule in deductive reasoning: an rTMS study.

    PubMed

    Tsujii, Takeo; Sakatani, Kaoru; Masuda, Sayako; Akiyama, Takekazu; Watanabe, Shigeru

    2011-09-15

    This study used off-line repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to examine the roles of the superior parietal lobule (SPL) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in a deductive reasoning task. Subjects performed a categorical syllogistic reasoning task involving congruent, incongruent, and abstract trials. Twenty four subjects received magnetic stimulation to the SPL region prior to the task. In the other 24 subjects, TMS was administered to the IFG region before the task. Stimulation lasted for 10min, with an inter-pulse frequency of 1Hz. We found that bilateral SPL (Brodmann area (BA) 7) stimulation disrupted performance on abstract and incongruent reasoning. Left IFG (BA 45) stimulation impaired congruent reasoning performance while paradoxically facilitating incongruent reasoning performance. This resulted in the elimination of the belief-bias. In contrast, right IFG stimulation only impaired incongruent reasoning performance, thus enhancing the belief-bias effect. These findings are largely consistent with the dual-process theory of reasoning, which proposes the existence of two different human reasoning systems: a belief-based heuristic system; and a logic-based analytic system. The present findings suggest that the left language-related IFG (BA 45) may correspond to the heuristic system, while bilateral SPL may underlie the analytic system. The right IFG may play a role in blocking the belief-based heuristic system for solving incongruent reasoning trials. This study could offer an insight about functional roles of distributed brain systems in human deductive reasoning by utilizing the rTMS approach. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. The myth of induction in qualitative nursing research.

    PubMed

    Bergdahl, Elisabeth; Berterö, Carina M

    2015-04-01

    In nursing today, it remains unclear what constitutes a good foundation for qualitative scientific inquiry. There is a tendency to define qualitative research as a form of inductive inquiry; deductive practice is seldom discussed, and when it is, this usually occurs in the context of data analysis. We will look at how the terms 'induction' and 'deduction' are used in qualitative nursing science and by qualitative research theorists, and relate these uses to the traditional definitions of these terms by Popper and other philosophers of science. We will also question the assertion that qualitative research is or should be inductive. The position we defend here is that qualitative research should use deductive methods. We also see a need to understand the difference between the creative process needed to create theory and the justification of a theory. Our position is that misunderstandings regarding the philosophy of science and the role of inductive and deductive logic and science are still harming the development of nursing theory and science. The purpose of this article is to discuss and reflect upon inductive and deductive views of science as well as inductive and deductive analyses in qualitative research. We start by describing inductive and deductive methods and logic from a philosophy of science perspective, and we examine how the concepts of induction and deduction are often described and used in qualitative methods and nursing research. Finally, we attempt to provide a theoretical perspective that reconciles the misunderstandings regarding induction and deduction. Our conclusion is that openness towards deductive thinking and testing hypotheses is needed in qualitative nursing research. We must also realize that strict induction will not create theory; to generate theory, a creative leap is needed. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  2. 46 CFR 69.119 - Spaces deducted from gross tonnage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... gear, capstan, windlass, and chain locker is deductible. A fore peak used exclusively as chain locker... oils, blocks, hawsers, rigging, deck gear, or other boatswain's stores for daily use is deductible. The...

  3. 46 CFR 69.119 - Spaces deducted from gross tonnage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... gear, capstan, windlass, and chain locker is deductible. A fore peak used exclusively as chain locker... oils, blocks, hawsers, rigging, deck gear, or other boatswain's stores for daily use is deductible. The...

  4. 46 CFR 69.119 - Spaces deducted from gross tonnage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... gear, capstan, windlass, and chain locker is deductible. A fore peak used exclusively as chain locker... oils, blocks, hawsers, rigging, deck gear, or other boatswain's stores for daily use is deductible. The...

  5. 46 CFR 69.119 - Spaces deducted from gross tonnage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... gear, capstan, windlass, and chain locker is deductible. A fore peak used exclusively as chain locker... oils, blocks, hawsers, rigging, deck gear, or other boatswain's stores for daily use is deductible. The...

  6. Climate controls over ecosystem metabolism: insights from a fifteen-year inductive artificial neural network synthesis for a subalpine forest.

    PubMed

    Albert, Loren P; Keenan, Trevor F; Burns, Sean P; Huxman, Travis E; Monson, Russell K

    2017-05-01

    Eddy covariance (EC) datasets have provided insight into climate determinants of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and evapotranspiration (ET) in natural ecosystems for decades, but most EC studies were published in serial fashion such that one study's result became the following study's hypothesis. This approach reflects the hypothetico-deductive process by focusing on previously derived hypotheses. A synthesis of this type of sequential inference reiterates subjective biases and may amplify past assumptions about the role, and relative importance, of controls over ecosystem metabolism. Long-term EC datasets facilitate an alternative approach to synthesis: the use of inductive data-based analyses to re-examine past deductive studies of the same ecosystem. Here we examined the seasonal climate determinants of NEP and ET by analyzing a 15-year EC time-series from a subalpine forest using an ensemble of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) at the half-day (daytime/nighttime) time-step. We extracted relative rankings of climate drivers and driver-response relationships directly from the dataset with minimal a priori assumptions. The ANN analysis revealed temperature variables as primary climate drivers of NEP and daytime ET, when all seasons are considered, consistent with the assembly of past studies. New relations uncovered by the ANN approach include the role of soil moisture in driving daytime NEP during the snowmelt period, the nonlinear response of NEP to temperature across seasons, and the low relevance of summer rainfall for NEP or ET at the same daytime/nighttime time step. These new results offer a more complete perspective of climate-ecosystem interactions at this site than traditional deductive analyses alone.

  7. Molecular implementation of simple logic programs.

    PubMed

    Ran, Tom; Kaplan, Shai; Shapiro, Ehud

    2009-10-01

    Autonomous programmable computing devices made of biomolecules could interact with a biological environment and be used in future biological and medical applications. Biomolecular implementations of finite automata and logic gates have already been developed. Here, we report an autonomous programmable molecular system based on the manipulation of DNA strands that is capable of performing simple logical deductions. Using molecular representations of facts such as Man(Socrates) and rules such as Mortal(X) <-- Man(X) (Every Man is Mortal), the system can answer molecular queries such as Mortal(Socrates)? (Is Socrates Mortal?) and Mortal(X)? (Who is Mortal?). This biomolecular computing system compares favourably with previous approaches in terms of expressive power, performance and precision. A compiler translates facts, rules and queries into their molecular representations and subsequently operates a robotic system that assembles the logical deductions and delivers the result. This prototype is the first simple programming language with a molecular-scale implementation.

  8. Raising the IQ in full-text searching via intelligent querying

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kero, R.; Russell, L.; Swietlik, C.

    1994-11-01

    Current Information Retrieval (IR) technologies allow for efficient access to relevant information, provided that user selected query terms coincide with the specific linguistical choices made by the authors whose works constitute the text-base. Therefore, the challenge is to enhance the limited searching capability of state-of-the-practice IR. This can be done either with augmented clients that overcome current server searching deficiencies, or with added capabilities that can augment searching algorithms on the servers. The technology being investigated is that of deductive databases, with a set of new techniques called cooperative answering. This technology utilizes semantic networks to allow for navigation betweenmore » possible query search term alternatives. The augmented search terms are passed to an IR engine and the results can be compared. The project utilizes the OSTI Environment, Safety and Health Thesaurus to populate the domain specific semantic network and the text base of ES&H related documents from the Facility Profile Information Management System as the domain specific search space.« less

  9. 5 CFR 841.502 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM-GENERAL ADMINISTRATION Employee Deductions and Government Contributions § 841... standards (using dynamic assumptions) and expressed as a level percentage of aggregate basic pay. Normal...

  10. On the simultaneous inversion of micro-perforated panels' parameters: Application to single and double air-cavity backed systems.

    PubMed

    Tayong, Rostand B; Manyo Manyo, Jacques A; Siryabe, Emmanuel; Ntamack, Guy E

    2018-04-01

    This study deals with the deduction of parameters of Micro-Perforated Panel (MPP) systems from impedance tube data. It is shown that there is an ambiguity problem that exists between the MPP thickness and its open area ratio. This problem makes it difficult to invert the reflection coefficient data fitting and therefore to deduct the MPP parameters. A technique is proposed to reduce this ambiguity by using an equation that links the hole diameter to the open area ratio. Reflection coefficient data obtained for two specimens with different characteristics is employed for searching the MPP parameters using a simulated annealing algorithm. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique.

  11. Nearly half of families in high-deductible health plans whose members have chronic conditions face substantial financial burden.

    PubMed

    Galbraith, Alison A; Ross-Degnan, Dennis; Soumerai, Stephen B; Rosenthal, Meredith B; Gay, Charlene; Lieu, Tracy A

    2011-02-01

    High-deductible health plans-typically with deductibles of at least $1,000 per individual and $2,000 per family-require greater enrollee cost sharing than traditional plans. But they also may provide more affordable premiums and may be the lowest-cost, or only, coverage option for many families with members who are chronically ill. We surveyed families with chronic conditions in high-deductible plans and families in traditional plans to compare health care-related financial burden-such as experiencing difficulty paying medical or basic bills or having to set up payment plans. Almost half (48 percent) of the families with chronic conditions in high-deductible plans reported health care-related financial burden, compared to 21 percent of families in traditional plans. Almost twice as many lower-income families in high-deductible plans spent more than 3 percent of income on health care expenses as lower-income families in traditional plans (53 percent versus 29 percent). As health reform efforts advance, policy makers must consider how to modify high-deductible plans to reduce the financial burden for families with chronic conditions.

  12. Temporal Specification and Verification of Real-Time Systems.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-08-30

    of concrete real - time systems can be modeled adequately. Specification: We present two conservative extensions of temporal logic that allow for the...logic. We present both model-checking algorithms for the automatic verification of finite-state real - time systems and proof methods for the deductive verification of real - time systems .

  13. The Maryland Refutation Proof Procedure.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Minker, Jack; And Others

    The Maryland Refutation Proof Procedure System (MRPPS) is an interactive experimental system intended for studying deductive search methods. Although the work is oriented towards question-answering, MRPPS provides a general problem solving capability. There are three major components within MRPPS. These are: (1) an inference system, (2) a search…

  14. The seats of reason? An imaging study of deductive and inductive reasoning.

    PubMed

    Goel, V; Gold, B; Kapur, S; Houle, S

    1997-03-24

    We carried out a neuroimaging study to test the neurophysiological predictions made by different cognitive models of reasoning. Ten normal volunteers performed deductive and inductive reasoning tasks while their regional cerebral blood flow pattern was recorded using [15O]H2O PET imaging. In the control condition subjects semantically comprehended sets of three sentences. In the deductive reasoning condition subjects determined whether the third sentence was entailed by the first two sentences. In the inductive reasoning condition subjects reported whether the third sentence was plausible given the first two sentences. The deduction condition resulted in activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 45, 47). The induction condition resulted in activation of a large area comprised of the left medial frontal gyrus, the left cingulate gyrus, and the left superior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 8, 9, 24, 32). Induction was distinguished from deduction by the involvement of the medial aspect of the left superior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 8, 9). These results are consistent with cognitive models of reasoning that postulate different mechanisms for inductive and deductive reasoning and view deduction as a formal rule-based process.

  15. Nearly Half of Families In High-Deductible Health Plans Whose Members Have Chronic Conditions Face Substantial Financial Burden

    PubMed Central

    Galbraith, Alison A.; Ross-Degnan, Dennis; Soumerai, Stephen B.; Rosenthal, Meredith B.; Gay, Charlene; Lieu, Tracy A.

    2015-01-01

    High-deductible health plans – typically with deductibles of at least $1,000 per individual and $2,000 per family -- require greater enrollee cost sharing than traditional plans. But they also may provide more affordable premiums and may be the lowest-cost, or only, coverage option for many families with members who are chronically ill. We surveyed families with chronic conditions in high-deductible plans and families in traditional plans to compare health care-related financial burden – such as experiencing difficulty paying medical or basic bills or having to set up payment plans. Almost half (48 percent) of the families with chronic conditions in high-deductible plans reported health care-related financial burden, compared to a fifth of families (21 percent) in traditional plans. Almost twice as many lower-income families in high-deductible plans spent more than 3 percent of income on health care expenses as lower-income families in traditional plans (53 percent versus 29 percent). As health reform efforts advance, policy makers must consider how to modify high-deductible plans to reduce the financial burden for families with chronic conditions. PMID:21289354

  16. Using dual-process theory and analogical transfer to explain facilitation on a hypothetico-deductive reasoning task.

    PubMed

    Koenig, Cynthia S; Platt, Richard D; Griggs, Richard A

    2007-07-01

    Using the analogical transfer paradigm, the present study investigated the competing explanations of Girotto and Legrenzi (Psychological Research 51: 129-135, 1993) and Griggs, Platt, Newstead, and Jackson (Thinking and Reasoning 4: 1-14, 1998) for facilitation on the SARS version of the THOG problem, a hypothetico-deductive reasoning task. Girotto and Legrenzi argue that facilitation is based on logical analysis of the task [System 2 reasoning in Evans's (Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7: 454-459, 2003) dual-process account of reasoning] while Griggs et al. maintain that facilitation is due to an attentional heuristic produced by the wording of the problem (System 1 reasoning). If Girotto and Legrenzi are correct, then System 2 reasoning, which is volitional and responsible for deductive reasoning, should be elicited, and participants should comprehend the solution principle of the THOG task and exhibit analogical transfer. However, if Griggs et al. are correct, then System 1 reasoning, which is responsible for heuristic problem solving strategies such as an attentional heuristic, should occur, and participants should not abstract the solution principle and transfer should not occur. Significant facilitation (68 and 82% correct) was only observed for the two SARS source problems, but significant analogical transfer did not occur. This lack of transfer suggests that System 1 reasoning was responsible for the facilitation observed in the SARS problem, supporting Griggs et al.'s attentional heuristic explanation. The present results also underscore the explanatory value of using analogical transfer rather than facilitation as the criterion for problem understanding.

  17. The Impact of Consumer-Directed Health Plans and Patient Socioeconomic Status on Physician Recommendations for Colorectal Cancer Screening

    PubMed Central

    Mallya, Giridhar; Polsky, Daniel

    2008-01-01

    Background Consumer-directed health plans are increasingly common, yet little is known about their impact on physician decision-making and preventive service use. Objective To determine how patients’ deductible levels and socioeconomic status may affect primary care physicians’ recommendations for colorectal cancer screening. Design, Setting, and Participants Screening recommendations were elicited using hypothetical vignettes from a national sample of 1,500 primary care physicians. Physicians were randomized to one of four vignettes describing a patient with either low or high socioeconomic status (SES) and either low- or high-deductible plan. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine how recommendations varied as a function of SES and deductible. Outcome Measures Rates of recommendation for home fecal occult blood testing, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and inappropriate screening, defined as no screening or office-based fecal occult blood testing. Results A total of 528 (49%) eligible physicians responded. Overall, 7.2% of physicians recommended inappropriate screening; 3.2% of patients with high SES in low-deductible plans received inappropriate screening recommendations and 11.4% of patients with low SES in high-deductible plans for an adjusted odds ratio of 0.22 (0.05–0.89). The odds of a colonoscopy recommendation were over ten times higher (AOR 11.46, 5.26–24.94) for patients with high SES in low-deductible plans compared to patients with low SES in high-deductible plans. Funds in medical savings accounts eliminated differences in inappropriate screening recommendations. Conclusions Patient SES and deductible-level affect physician recommendations for preventive care. Coverage of preventive services and funds in medical savings accounts may help to mitigate the impact of high-deductibles and SES on inappropriate recommendations. PMID:18629590

  18. 76 FR 33814 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-09

    ... collection requirements related to Additional First Year Depreciation Deduction. DATES: Written comments... . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Additional First Year Depreciation Deduction. OMB Number: 1545-2207... year depreciation deduction. Section 401(b) of the TRUIRJCA amends Sec. 168(k) by adding Sec. 168(k)(5...

  19. 26 CFR 1.873-1 - Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Corporations § 1.873-1 Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals. (a) General provisions—(1) Allocation of...

  20. 26 CFR 1.873-1 - Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Corporations § 1.873-1 Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals. (a) General provisions—(1) Allocation of...

  1. 26 CFR 1.873-1 - Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Corporations § 1.873-1 Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals. (a) General provisions—(1) Allocation of...

  2. 26 CFR 1.873-1 - Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Corporations § 1.873-1 Deductions allowed nonresident alien individuals. (a) General provisions—(1) Allocation of...

  3. 5 CFR 831.1003 - Deductions from pay.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deductions from pay. 831.1003 Section 831.1003 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) RETIREMENT CSRS Offset § 831.1003 Deductions from pay. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this...

  4. 42 CFR 409.82 - Inpatient hospital deductible.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inpatient hospital deductible. 409.82 Section 409.82 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES MEDICARE PROGRAM HOSPITAL INSURANCE BENEFITS Hospital Insurance Deductibles and Coinsurance § 409.82...

  5. 26 CFR 1.6015-0 - Table of contents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... all qualifying joint filers. (a) In general. (b) Understatement. (c) Knowledge or reason to know. (d...) Actual knowledge. (i) In general. (A) Omitted income. (B) Deduction or credit. (1) Erroneous deductions in general. (2) Fictitious or inflated deduction. (ii) Partial knowledge. (iii) Knowledge of the...

  6. 5 CFR 831.1003 - Deductions from pay.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Deductions from pay. 831.1003 Section 831.1003 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) RETIREMENT CSRS Offset § 831.1003 Deductions from pay. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this...

  7. Modeling the effects of argument length and validity on inductive and deductive reasoning.

    PubMed

    Rotello, Caren M; Heit, Evan

    2009-09-01

    In an effort to assess models of inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning, the authors, in 3 experiments, examined the effects of argument length and logical validity on evaluation of arguments. In Experiments 1a and 1b, participants were given either induction or deduction instructions for a common set of stimuli. Two distinct effects were observed: Induction judgments were more affected by argument length, and deduction judgments were more affected by validity. In Experiment 2, fluency was manipulated by displaying the materials in a low-contrast font, leading to increased sensitivity to logical validity. Several variants of 1-process and 2-process models of reasoning were assessed against the results. A 1-process model that assumed the same scale of argument strength underlies induction and deduction was not successful. A 2-process model that assumed separate, continuous informational dimensions of apparent deductive validity and associative strength gave the more successful account. (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved.

  8. Estimation of a Hedonic Pricing Model for Medigap Insurance

    PubMed Central

    Robst, John

    2006-01-01

    Objective This paper uses a unique database to examine premiums paid by beneficiaries for Medigap supplemental coverage. Average premiums charged by insurers are reported, as well as premiums by enrollee age and gender, and additional policy characteristics. Marginal prices for Medigap benefits are estimated using hedonic price regressions. In addition, the paper considers how additional policy characteristics and geographic differences in the use and cost of medical care affect premiums. Data Sources/Study Setting A comprehensive database on premiums paid by beneficiaries for newly issued Medigap policies in the year 2000 along with state-level characteristics. Study Design Hedonic pricing equations are used to estimate implicit prices for Medigap benefits. Data Collection/Extraction Methods The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services contracted for the creation of a detailed database on Medigap premiums. Data were collected in three stages. First, letters were sent directly to insurers requesting premium data. Second, letters were directly to state insurance commissioner's offices requesting premium data. Last, each state insurance commissioner's office was visited to collect missing data. Principal Findings With the exceptions of the part B deductible and drug benefit, Medigap supplemental insurance is priced consistent with the actuarial value of benefits offered under the standardized plans. Premiums vary substantially based on rating method, whether the policy is guaranteed issue, Medigap Select, or explicitly for smokers. Premiums increase with enrollee age, but do not vary between men and women. The relationship between premiums and enrollee age varies across rating methods. Attained-age policies show the strongest relationship between age and premiums, while community-rated premiums, by definition, do not vary with age. Medigap supplemental insurance premiums are higher in states with poorer health, greater utilization, and greater managed care penetration. Conclusions Despite the high cost, Medigap plans are generally priced in accordance with the actuarial value of benefits. The primary exception is the drug benefit, which appears to be subject to substantial adverse selection. Benefits such as the part B deductible and at-home recovery benefit offer little value to consumers. Several states require insurers to community rate premiums. Such regulation has important implications for premiums, and research needs to consider the impact of such regulation on the Medigap market. PMID:17116111

  9. Estimation of a hedonic pricing model for Medigap insurance.

    PubMed

    Robst, John

    2006-12-01

    This paper uses a unique database to examine premiums paid by beneficiaries for Medigap supplemental coverage. Average premiums charged by insurers are reported, as well as premiums by enrollee age and gender, and additional policy characteristics. Marginal prices for Medigap benefits are estimated using hedonic price regressions. In addition, the paper considers how additional policy characteristics and geographic differences in the use and cost of medical care affect premiums. A comprehensive database on premiums paid by beneficiaries for newly issued Medigap policies in the year 2000 along with state-level characteristics. Hedonic pricing equations are used to estimate implicit prices for Medigap benefits. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services contracted for the creation of a detailed database on Medigap premiums. Data were collected in three stages. First, letters were sent directly to insurers requesting premium data. Second, letters were directly to state insurance commissioner's offices requesting premium data. Last, each state insurance commissioner's office was visited to collect missing data. With the exceptions of the part B deductible and drug benefit, Medigap supplemental insurance is priced consistent with the actuarial value of benefits offered under the standardized plans. Premiums vary substantially based on rating method, whether the policy is guaranteed issue, Medigap Select, or explicitly for smokers. Premiums increase with enrollee age, but do not vary between men and women. The relationship between premiums and enrollee age varies across rating methods. Attained-age policies show the strongest relationship between age and premiums, while community-rated premiums, by definition, do not vary with age. Medigap supplemental insurance premiums are higher in states with poorer health, greater utilization, and greater managed care penetration. Despite the high cost, Medigap plans are generally priced in accordance with the actuarial value of benefits. The primary exception is the drug benefit, which appears to be subject to substantial adverse selection. Benefits such as the part B deductible and at-home recovery benefit offer little value to consumers. Several states require insurers to community rate premiums. Such regulation has important implications for premiums, and research needs to consider the impact of such regulation on the Medigap market.

  10. A Combined Gravity Compensation Method for INS Using the Simplified Gravity Model and Gravity Database.

    PubMed

    Zhou, Xiao; Yang, Gongliu; Wang, Jing; Wen, Zeyang

    2018-05-14

    In recent decades, gravity compensation has become an important way to reduce the position error of an inertial navigation system (INS), especially for a high-precision INS, because of the extensive application of high precision inertial sensors (accelerometers and gyros). This paper first deducts the INS's solution error considering gravity disturbance and simulates the results. Meanwhile, this paper proposes a combined gravity compensation method using a simplified gravity model and gravity database. This new combined method consists of two steps all together. Step 1 subtracts the normal gravity using a simplified gravity model. Step 2 first obtains the gravity disturbance on the trajectory of the carrier with the help of ELM training based on the measured gravity data (provided by Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics; Chinese Academy of sciences), and then compensates it into the error equations of the INS, considering the gravity disturbance, to further improve the navigation accuracy. The effectiveness and feasibility of this new gravity compensation method for the INS are verified through vehicle tests in two different regions; one is in flat terrain with mild gravity variation and the other is in complex terrain with fierce gravity variation. During 2 h vehicle tests, the positioning accuracy of two tests can improve by 20% and 38% respectively, after the gravity is compensated by the proposed method.

  11. A Combined Gravity Compensation Method for INS Using the Simplified Gravity Model and Gravity Database

    PubMed Central

    Zhou, Xiao; Yang, Gongliu; Wang, Jing; Wen, Zeyang

    2018-01-01

    In recent decades, gravity compensation has become an important way to reduce the position error of an inertial navigation system (INS), especially for a high-precision INS, because of the extensive application of high precision inertial sensors (accelerometers and gyros). This paper first deducts the INS’s solution error considering gravity disturbance and simulates the results. Meanwhile, this paper proposes a combined gravity compensation method using a simplified gravity model and gravity database. This new combined method consists of two steps all together. Step 1 subtracts the normal gravity using a simplified gravity model. Step 2 first obtains the gravity disturbance on the trajectory of the carrier with the help of ELM training based on the measured gravity data (provided by Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics; Chinese Academy of sciences), and then compensates it into the error equations of the INS, considering the gravity disturbance, to further improve the navigation accuracy. The effectiveness and feasibility of this new gravity compensation method for the INS are verified through vehicle tests in two different regions; one is in flat terrain with mild gravity variation and the other is in complex terrain with fierce gravity variation. During 2 h vehicle tests, the positioning accuracy of two tests can improve by 20% and 38% respectively, after the gravity is compensated by the proposed method. PMID:29757983

  12. 26 CFR 1.1446-0 - Table of contents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    .... (iv) Interest deductions. (v) Limitation on capital losses. (vi) Other deductions. (vii) Limitations... distributions. (4) Coordination with section 1445(e)(1). § 1.1446-5Tiered partnership structures. (a) In general... use of deductions and losses certified to a partnership. (ii) De minimis certificate for nonresident...

  13. 78 FR 48606 - Guidance Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-09

    ... Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred Original Issue Discount... deduction of deferred original issue discount (OID) (deferred OID deductions) under section 108(i)(5)(D... original issue discount deductions of C corporations. * * * * * (b) * * * (2) * * * (iii) * * * (D...

  14. 26 CFR 1.274-5A - Substantiation requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...: (1) Traveling away from home (including meals and lodging) deductible under section 162 or 212, (2... the evidence indicated a taxpayer incurred deductible travel or entertainment expense but the exact... no deduction shall be allowed for any expenditure for travel, entertainment, or a gift unless the...

  15. Proof Construction: Adolescent Development from Inductive to Deductive Problem-Solving Strategies.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Foltz, Carol; And Others

    1995-01-01

    Studied 100 adolescents' approaches to problem-solving proofs and reasoning competence tasks. Found that a formal level of reasoning competence is associated with a deductive approach. Results support the notion of a cognitive development progression from an inductive approach to a deductive approach. (ETB)

  16. 76 FR 64879 - Deduction for Qualified Film and Television Production Costs

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-19

    ... Deduction for Qualified Film and Television Production Costs AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS... regulations relating to deductions for the costs of producing film and television productions. Those temporary... 2008, and affect taxpayers that produce films and television productions within the United States. The...

  17. 20 CFR 71.3 - Deductions from benefits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Deductions from benefits. 71.3 Section 71.3 Employees' Benefits OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COMPENSATION FOR INJURY... JAPANESE GOVERNMENT GENERAL PROVISIONS § 71.3 Deductions from benefits. If a civilian American citizen or...

  18. 20 CFR 71.3 - Deductions from benefits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true Deductions from benefits. 71.3 Section 71.3 Employees' Benefits OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COMPENSATION FOR INJURY... JAPANESE GOVERNMENT GENERAL PROVISIONS § 71.3 Deductions from benefits. If a civilian American citizen or...

  19. 20 CFR 71.3 - Deductions from benefits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Deductions from benefits. 71.3 Section 71.3 Employees' Benefits OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COMPENSATION FOR INJURY... JAPANESE GOVERNMENT GENERAL PROVISIONS § 71.3 Deductions from benefits. If a civilian American citizen or...

  20. 37 CFR 251.73 - Deduction of costs of distribution proceedings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... OF CONGRESS COPYRIGHT ARBITRATION ROYALTY PANEL RULES AND PROCEDURES COPYRIGHT ARBITRATION ROYALTY PANEL RULES OF PROCEDURE Royalty Fee Distribution Proceedings § 251.73 Deduction of costs of... distributions of royalty fees are made, deduct the reasonable costs incurred by the Library of Congress and the...

  1. 42 CFR 409.80 - Inpatient deductible and coinsurance: General provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inpatient deductible and coinsurance: General provisions. 409.80 Section 409.80 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES MEDICARE PROGRAM HOSPITAL INSURANCE BENEFITS Hospital Insurance Deductibles and...

  2. 77 FR 45480 - Deductions for Entertainment Use of Business Aircraft

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-01

    ... Contribution Deduction A commentator suggested that the final regulations should include rules on charitable contribution deductions for the fixed costs of using aircraft for charitable purposes. These rules are outside... business, and no comments were received. Drafting Information The principal authors of these regulations...

  3. 29 CFR 541.603 - Effect of improper deductions from salary.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 541.603 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... deductions; the number and geographic location of employees whose salary was improperly reduced; the number... classification working for the same managers responsible for the actual improper deductions. Employees in...

  4. Five types of OECD healthcare systems: empirical results of a deductive classification.

    PubMed

    Böhm, Katharina; Schmid, Achim; Götze, Ralf; Landwehr, Claudia; Rothgang, Heinz

    2013-12-01

    This article classifies 30 OECD healthcare systems according to a deductively generated typology by Rothgang and Wendt [1]. This typology distinguishes three core dimensions of the healthcare system: regulation, financing, and service provision, and three types of actors: state, societal, and private actors. We argue that there is a hierarchical relationship between the three dimensions, led by regulation, followed by financing and finally service provision, where the superior dimension restricts the nature of the subordinate dimensions. This hierarchy rule limits the number of theoretically plausible types to ten. To test our argument, we classify 30 OECD healthcare systems, mainly using OECD Health Data and WHO country reports. The classification results in five system types: the National Health Service, the National Health Insurance, the Social Health Insurance, the Etatist Social Health Insurance, and the Private Health System. All five types belong to the group of healthcare system types considered theoretically plausible. Merely Slovenia does not comply with our assumption of a hierarchy among dimensions and typical actors due to its singular transformation history. Crown Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. 78 FR 39984 - Guidance Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-03

    ... Guidance Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred Original Issue... cancellation of debt (COD)) income (deferred COD income) and the accelerated deduction of deferred original... the deduction of deferred original issue discount that is otherwise includible or deductible under the...

  6. Preparing for Formal Proofs in Geometry

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Johnson, Art

    2009-01-01

    One way in which geometry teachers can help students develop their reasoning is by providing proof-readiness experiences. Blum and Kirsch (1991) suggest that "preformal proofs" can help students develop deductive reasoning. Preformal proofs, which follow the basic principles of deductive reasoning, can help prepare students for formal deduction in…

  7. 26 CFR 1.584-6 - Net operating loss deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Net operating loss deduction. 1.584-6 Section 1.584-6 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Banking Institutions § 1.584-6 Net operating loss deduction. The net...

  8. 75 FR 68799 - Medicare Program; Inpatient Hospital Deductible and Hospital and Extended Care Services...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-09

    ... 0938-AP86 Medicare Program; Inpatient Hospital Deductible and Hospital and Extended Care Services.... SUMMARY: This notice announces the inpatient hospital deductible and the hospital and extended care... extended care services in a skilled nursing facility in a benefit period. DATES: Effective Date: This...

  9. 26 CFR 1.179-3 - Carryover of disallowed deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... deduction are selected by the taxpayer in the year the properties are placed in service. This selection must... no selection is made, the total carryover of disallowed deduction is apportioned equally over the... restaurant business. During 1992, ABC purchases and places in service two items of section 179 property—a...

  10. 38 CFR 8.4 - Deduction of insurance premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS NATIONAL SERVICE LIFE INSURANCE Premiums § 8.4 Deduction of insurance premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension. The insured under a National Service life insurance policy which is not lapsed may authorize the monthly deduction of premiums from disability...

  11. 38 CFR 8.4 - Deduction of insurance premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS NATIONAL SERVICE LIFE INSURANCE Premiums § 8.4 Deduction of insurance premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension. The insured under a National Service life insurance policy which is not lapsed may authorize the monthly deduction of premiums from disability...

  12. 20 CFR 226.35 - Deductions from regular annuity rate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deductions from regular annuity rate. 226.35... COMPUTING EMPLOYEE, SPOUSE, AND DIVORCED SPOUSE ANNUITIES Computing a Spouse or Divorced Spouse Annuity § 226.35 Deductions from regular annuity rate. The regular annuity rate of the spouse and divorced...

  13. 34 CFR 32.10 - Deductions process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Deductions process. 32.10 Section 32.10 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education SALARY OFFSET TO RECOVER OVERPAYMENTS OF PAY OR ALLOWANCES FROM DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION EMPLOYEES § 32.10 Deductions process. (a) Debts must be collected in...

  14. Changes Affecting Faculty Deductions.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hoyt, Christopher R.

    1987-01-01

    The Tax Reform Act of 1986 has brought faculty lower tax rates, but they have lost many tax deductions to which they were accustomed. The impact on higher education, the 80% limitation for meals and entertainment, travel, and the 2% adjusted gross income (AGI) floor for miscellaneous itemized deductions are discussed. (MLW)

  15. 29 CFR 783.45 - Deductions from wages.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Deductions from wages. 783.45 Section 783.45 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STATEMENTS OF GENERAL... TO EMPLOYEES EMPLOYED AS SEAMEN Computation of Wages and Hours § 783.45 Deductions from wages. Where...

  16. 26 CFR 1.809-6 - Modifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... addition to reserves for bad debts under section 166(c). However, a deduction for specific bad debts shall...) Amortizable bond premium. No deduction shall be allowed under section 171 for the amortization of bond premiums since a special deduction for such premiums is specifically taken into account under section 818(b...

  17. 20 CFR 416.722 - Circumstances under which we make a penalty deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Circumstances under which we make a penalty deduction. 416.722 Section 416.722 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Reports Required Penalty Deductions § 416.722 Circumstances...

  18. 20 CFR 416.722 - Circumstances under which we make a penalty deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Circumstances under which we make a penalty deduction. 416.722 Section 416.722 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Reports Required Penalty Deductions § 416.722 Circumstances...

  19. 26 CFR 1.469-7 - Treatment of self-charged items of interest income and deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    .... The rules— (i) Treat certain interest income resulting from these lending transactions as passive... interest income as passive activity deductions; and (iii) Allocate the passive activity gross income and passive activity deductions resulting from this treatment among the taxpayer's activities. (2) Priority of...

  20. Children's and adults' evaluation of the certainty of deductive inferences, inductive inferences, and guesses.

    PubMed

    Pillow, Bradford H

    2002-01-01

    Two experiments investigated kindergarten through fourth-grade children's and adults' (N = 128) ability to (1) evaluate the certainty of deductive inferences, inductive inferences, and guesses; and (2) explain the origins of inferential knowledge. When judging their own cognitive state, children in first grade and older rated deductive inferences as more certain than guesses; but when judging another person's knowledge, children did not distinguish valid inferences from invalid inferences and guesses until fourth grade. By third grade, children differentiated their own deductive inferences from inductive inferences and guesses, but only adults both differentiated deductive inferences from inductive inferences and differentiated inductive inferences from guesses. Children's recognition of their own inferences may contribute to the development of knowledge about cognitive processes, scientific reasoning, and a constructivist epistemology.

  1. Inverting the power dynamic: The process of first sessions of psychotherapy with therapists of color and non-Latino white patients.

    PubMed

    Okun, Lia; Chang, Doris F; Kanhai, Gregory; Dunn, Jordan; Easley, Hailey

    2017-07-01

    The present study is the first to apply Trawalter, Richeson, and Shelton's (2009) stress and coping framework to qualitatively examine interracial interactions in initial sessions of psychotherapy. The sample included 22 dyads: 15 therapists of color administering various treatment modalities to 15 treatment-seeking non-Latino White (NLW) patients and a comparison group of 7 intraracial (NLW-NLW) dyads. In Phase 1, videorecordings of the first session of treatment were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis (TA) to describe patient and therapist behaviors. In Phase 2, a deductive TA approach was used to interpret and cluster those dyadic behaviors according to Trawalter et al.'s (2009) framework. NLW patients paired with therapists of color made more efforts to bridge differences and more often questioned the therapist's professional qualifications compared with those matched with NLW therapists. Therapists of color made more self-disclosures than NLW therapists and maintained a more formal stance, compared with NLW therapists. The deductive TA operationalized 4 of Trawalter and colleagues' (2009) coping responses within a therapeutic framework. Findings highlight the ability of therapists' of color to engage positively with their NLW patients even in the face of challenges to their expertise and credibility. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

  2. 40 CFR 73.35 - Compliance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Compliance. 73.35 Section 73.35... ALLOWANCE SYSTEM Allowance Tracking System § 73.35 Compliance. (a) Allowance transfer deadline. No allowance shall be deducted for purposes of compliance with an affected source's sulfur dioxide Acid Rain...

  3. 40 CFR 73.35 - Compliance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Compliance. 73.35 Section 73.35... ALLOWANCE SYSTEM Allowance Tracking System § 73.35 Compliance. (a) Allowance transfer deadline. No allowance shall be deducted for purposes of compliance with an affected source's sulfur dioxide Acid Rain...

  4. A system structure for predictive relations in penetration mechanics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Korjack, Thomas A.

    1992-02-01

    The availability of a software system yielding quick numerical models to predict ballistic behavior is a requisite for any research laboratory engaged in material behavior. What is especially true about accessibility of rapid prototyping for terminal impaction is the enhancement of a system structure which will direct the specific material and impact situation towards a specific predictive model. This is of particular importance when the ranges of validity are at stake and the pertinent constraints associated with the impact are unknown. Hence, a compilation of semiempirical predictive penetration relations for various physical phenomena has been organized into a data structure for the purpose of developing a knowledge-based decision aided expert system to predict the terminal ballistic behavior of projectiles and targets. The ranges of validity and constraints of operation of each model were examined and cast into a decision tree structure to include target type, target material, projectile types, projectile materials, attack configuration, and performance or damage measures. This decision system implements many penetration relations, identifies formulas that match user-given conditions, and displays the predictive relation coincident with the match in addition to a numerical solution. The physical regimes under consideration encompass the hydrodynamic, transitional, and solid; the targets are either semi-infinite or plate, and the projectiles include kinetic and chemical energy. A preliminary databases has been constructed to allow further development of inductive and deductive reasoning techniques applied to ballistic situations involving terminal mechanics.

  5. 29 CFR 3.9 - Prohibited payroll deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Prohibited payroll deductions. 3.9 Section 3.9 Labor Office of the Secretary of Labor CONTRACTORS AND SUBCONTRACTORS ON PUBLIC BUILDING OR PUBLIC WORK FINANCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART BY LOANS OR GRANTS FROM THE UNITED STATES § 3.9 Prohibited payroll deductions...

  6. 26 CFR 1.663(a)-3 - Denial of double deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ...)-3 Denial of double deduction. No amount deemed to have been distributed to a beneficiary in a... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Denial of double deduction. 1.663(a)-3 Section 1.663(a)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX...

  7. 45 CFR 1801.45 - Deduction for benefits from other sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Deduction for benefits from other sources. 1801.45 Section 1801.45 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) HARRY S. TRUMAN... Deduction for benefits from other sources. The cost allowed for a Scholar's tuition, fees, books, room and...

  8. Cultural Difference in Stereotype Perceptions and Performances in Nonverbal Deductive Reasoning and Creativity

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wong, Regine; Niu, Weihua

    2013-01-01

    A total of 182 undergraduate students from China and the United States participated in a study examining the presence of stereotypical perceptions regarding creativity and deductive reasoning abilities, as well as the influence of stereotype on participants' performance on deductive reasoning and creativity in nonverbal form. The results showed…

  9. Cortical Bases of Elementary Deductive Reasoning: Inference, Memory, and Metadeduction

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Reverberi, Carlo; Shallice, Tim; D'Agostini, Serena; Skrap, Miran; Bonatti, Luca L.

    2009-01-01

    Elementary deduction is the ability of unreflectively drawing conclusions from explicit or implicit premises, on the basis of their logical forms. This ability is involved in many aspects of human cognition and interactions. To date, limited evidence exists on its cortical bases. We propose a model of elementary deduction in which logical…

  10. 20 CFR 340.7 - Deduction in computation of death benefit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deduction in computation of death benefit... UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT RECOVERY OF BENEFITS § 340.7 Deduction in computation of death benefit. In computing... as benefits accrued to the individual but not paid at death. [57 FR 1379, Jan. 14, 1992] ...

  11. 26 CFR 1.181-1 - Deduction for qualified film and television production costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... amount of aggregate production costs that may be claimed as a deduction for a post-amendment production... provides special rules, including rules for recapture of the deduction. Section 1.181-5 provides examples... paid or incurred in connection with obtaining financing for the production (for example, premiums paid...

  12. 26 CFR 1.111-1 - Recovery of certain items previously deducted or credited.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Recovery of certain items previously deducted or....111-1 Recovery of certain items previously deducted or credited. (a) General. Section 111 provides that income attributable to the recovery during any taxable year of bad debts, prior taxes, and...

  13. 26 CFR 1.111-1 - Recovery of certain items previously deducted or credited.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Recovery of certain items previously deducted or....111-1 Recovery of certain items previously deducted or credited. (a) General. Section 111 provides that income attributable to the recovery during any taxable year of bad debts, prior taxes, and...

  14. 26 CFR 1.111-1 - Recovery of certain items previously deducted or credited.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Recovery of certain items previously deducted or....111-1 Recovery of certain items previously deducted or credited. (a) General. Section 111 provides that income attributable to the recovery during any taxable year of bad debts, prior taxes, and...

  15. 26 CFR 1.111-1 - Recovery of certain items previously deducted or credited.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Recovery of certain items previously deducted or....111-1 Recovery of certain items previously deducted or credited. (a) General. Section 111 provides that income attributable to the recovery during any taxable year of bad debts, prior taxes, and...

  16. 26 CFR 1.181-1T - Deduction for qualified film and television production costs (temporary).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Deduction for qualified film and television... Individuals and Corporations (continued) § 1.181-1T Deduction for qualified film and television production... provides definitions and rules concerning qualified film and television productions. Section 1.181-4...

  17. 26 CFR 1.170A-1 - Charitable, etc., contributions and gifts; allowance of deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... taxable year is allowable as a deduction in computing taxable income irrespective of the method of..., and the deduction for, amounts paid to maintain certain students as members of the taxpayer's... contributed property which are incurred in the year of contribution and would, under the method of accounting...

  18. 26 CFR 1.404(g)-1 - Deduction of employer liability payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ...(g)-1 Section 1.404(g)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY.... § 1.404(g)-1 Deduction of employer liability payments. (a) General rule. Employer liability payments... deductible under section 404(g) and this section only if the payment satisfies the conditions of section 162...

  19. 26 CFR 1.404(g)-1 - Deduction of employer liability payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Deduction of employer liability payments. 1.404(g)-1 Section 1.404(g)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY.... § 1.404(g)-1 Deduction of employer liability payments. (a) General rule. Employer liability payments...

  20. 26 CFR 1.404(g)-1 - Deduction of employer liability payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...(g)-1 Section 1.404(g)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY.... § 1.404(g)-1 Deduction of employer liability payments. (a) General rule. Employer liability payments... deductible under section 404(g) and this section only if the payment satisfies the conditions of section 162...

  1. 26 CFR 1.404(g)-1 - Deduction of employer liability payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...(g)-1 Section 1.404(g)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY.... § 1.404(g)-1 Deduction of employer liability payments. (a) General rule. Employer liability payments... deductible under section 404(g) and this section only if the payment satisfies the conditions of section 162...

  2. "Merds That Laugh Don't Like Mushrooms": Evidence for Deductive Reasoning by Preschoolers.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hawkins, J.; And Others

    1984-01-01

    Examines the relationship between development of logical processes required in deductive reasoning and their use by preschoolers, also considering possible explanations for children's deductive reasoning. The relationship of problem content to real-world knowledge and the sequence of presentation of problem types were found to affect the display…

  3. 26 CFR 20.2053-9 - Deduction for certain State death taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... citizens), but only if (1) the conditions stated in paragraph (b) of this section are met, and (2) an... which section 2058 is applicable. (b) Condition for allowance of deduction. (1) The deduction is not... decedent's gross estate. For allowance of the credit, it is sufficient if either of these conditions is...

  4. Mathematical Induction: Deductive Logic Perspective

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dogan, Hamide

    2016-01-01

    Many studies mentioned the deductive nature of Mathematical Induction (MI) proofs but almost all fell short in explaining its potential role in the formation of the misconceptions reported in the literature. This paper is the first of its kind looking at the misconceptions from the perspective of the abstract of the deductive logic from one's…

  5. 78 FR 64953 - Medicare Program; Inpatient Hospital Deductible and Hospital and Extended Care Services...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-30

    ... 0938-AR59 Medicare Program; Inpatient Hospital Deductible and Hospital and Extended Care Services.... SUMMARY: This notice announces the inpatient hospital deductible and the hospital and extended care... lifetime reserve days; and $152 for the 21st through 100th day of extended care services in a skilled...

  6. 77 FR 69848 - Medicare Program; Inpatient Hospital Deductible and Hospital and Extended Care Services...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-21

    ... 0938-AR14 Medicare Program; Inpatient Hospital Deductible and Hospital and Extended Care Services.... SUMMARY: This notice announces the inpatient hospital deductible and the hospital and extended care... lifetime reserve days; and $148 for the 21st through 100th day of extended care services in a skilled...

  7. 76 FR 67567 - Medicare Program; Inpatient Hospital Deductible and Hospital and Extended Care Services...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-01

    ... Extended Care Services Coinsurance Amounts for CY 2012; Part A Premiums for CY 2012 for the Uninsured Aged... Program; Inpatient Hospital Deductible and Hospital and Extended Care Services Coinsurance Amounts for CY... announces the inpatient hospital deductible and the hospital and extended care services coinsurance amounts...

  8. 76 FR 71450 - Deduction for Qualified Film and Television Production Costs; Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-18

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Part 1 [TD 9552] RIN 1545-BJ24 Deduction for Qualified Film and Television Production Costs; Correction AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service... Register on Wednesday, October 19, 2011 (76 FR 64816) relating to deductions for the cost of producing film...

  9. 78 FR 52827 - Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations: Income Deductions and Resource Eligibility

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-27

    ... standard deduction. Both commenters observed that an applicant's statement is acceptable as proof to receive the standard deduction under SNAP. SNAP allows for self-declaration of shelter/utility expenses at or below the applicable standard. However in SNAP, all expenses a household wishes to claim or which...

  10. 26 CFR 1.168(k)-1 - Additional first year depreciation deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ....168(k)-1 Section 1.168(k)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY... Corporations § 1.168(k)-1 Additional first year depreciation deduction. (a) Scope and definitions—(1) Scope... deduction allowable under section 168(k)(1) for qualified property and the 50-percent additional first year...

  11. 26 CFR 1.108-7 - Reduction of attributes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section, the aggregate amount of the shareholders' losses or deductions that are... deductions of a shareholder that transfers all of the shareholder's stock in the S corporation during the... shall be allocated to the shareholder or shareholders of the S corporation as a loss or deduction that...

  12. 40 CFR 77.5 - Deduction of allowances to offset excess emissions of sulfur dioxide.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Deduction of allowances to offset excess emissions of sulfur dioxide. 77.5 Section 77.5 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) EXCESS EMISSIONS § 77.5 Deduction of allowances to offset...

  13. 20 CFR 404.451 - Penalty deductions for failure to report within prescribed time limit noncovered remunerative...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Penalty deductions for failure to report... care of a child. 404.451 Section 404.451 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Deductions; Reductions; and Nonpayments of Benefits...

  14. 26 CFR 1.911-6 - Disallowance of deductions, exclusions, and credits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... credits. 1.911-6 Section 1.911-6 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY... States § 1.911-6 Disallowance of deductions, exclusions, and credits. (a) In general. No deduction or... or chargeable against amounts excluded from gross income under section 911(a). For purposes of the...

  15. 26 CFR 1.911-6 - Disallowance of deductions, exclusions, and credits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... credits. 1.911-6 Section 1.911-6 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY... States § 1.911-6 Disallowance of deductions, exclusions, and credits. (a) In general. No deduction or... or chargeable against amounts excluded from gross income under section 911(a). For purposes of the...

  16. 26 CFR 1.911-6 - Disallowance of deductions, exclusions, and credits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... credits. 1.911-6 Section 1.911-6 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY... States § 1.911-6 Disallowance of deductions, exclusions, and credits. (a) In general. No deduction or... or chargeable against amounts excluded from gross income under section 911(a). For purposes of the...

  17. 26 CFR 1.911-6 - Disallowance of deductions, exclusions, and credits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... credits. 1.911-6 Section 1.911-6 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY... States § 1.911-6 Disallowance of deductions, exclusions, and credits. (a) In general. No deduction or... or chargeable against amounts excluded from gross income under section 911(a). For purposes of the...

  18. 29 CFR 531.38 - Amounts deducted for taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Amounts deducted for taxes. 531.38 Section 531.38 Labor... Employees § 531.38 Amounts deducted for taxes. Taxes which are assessed against the employee and which are... unemployment insurance taxes, as well as other Federal, State, or local taxes, levies, and assessments. No...

  19. Nonindustrial private forest owner use of federal income tax provisions

    Treesearch

    John L. Greene; Thomas J. Straka; Robert J. Dee

    2004-01-01

    Seven provisions of the federal income tax provide incentives for nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) owners to follow sound management and reforestation practices. Four provisions ­ long-term capital gain treatment of qualifying income, annual deduction of management costs, depreciation and the section 179 deduction, and deductions for casualty losses or other...

  20. 24 CFR 17.134 - Procedures for salary offset: when deductions may begin.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Procedures for salary offset: when deductions may begin. 17.134 Section 17.134 Housing and Urban Development Office of the Secretary, Department... Government Salary Offset Provisions § 17.134 Procedures for salary offset: when deductions may begin. (a...

  1. 18 CFR 367.4112 - Account 411.2, Provision for deferred income taxes-Credit, other income and deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., Provision for deferred income taxes-Credit, other income and deductions. 367.4112 Section 367.4112... deferred taxes and deferrals of taxes, credit, that relate to other income and deductions. ... Accounts Service Company Operating Income § 367.4112 Account 411.2, Provision for deferred income taxes...

  2. 20 CFR 340.7 - Deduction in computation of death benefit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Deduction in computation of death benefit... UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT RECOVERY OF BENEFITS § 340.7 Deduction in computation of death benefit. In computing... as benefits accrued to the individual but not paid at death. [57 FR 1379, Jan. 14, 1992] ...

  3. 20 CFR 340.7 - Deduction in computation of death benefit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true Deduction in computation of death benefit. 340... UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT RECOVERY OF BENEFITS § 340.7 Deduction in computation of death benefit. In computing... as benefits accrued to the individual but not paid at death. [57 FR 1379, Jan. 14, 1992] ...

  4. 20 CFR 340.7 - Deduction in computation of death benefit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Deduction in computation of death benefit... UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT RECOVERY OF BENEFITS § 340.7 Deduction in computation of death benefit. In computing... as benefits accrued to the individual but not paid at death. [57 FR 1379, Jan. 14, 1992] ...

  5. 20 CFR 340.7 - Deduction in computation of death benefit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2014-04-01 2012-04-01 true Deduction in computation of death benefit. 340... UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT RECOVERY OF BENEFITS § 340.7 Deduction in computation of death benefit. In computing... as benefits accrued to the individual but not paid at death. [57 FR 1379, Jan. 14, 1992] ...

  6. 20 CFR 404.402 - Interrelationship of deductions, reductions, adjustments, and nonpayment of benefits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Interrelationship of deductions, reductions, adjustments, and nonpayment of benefits. 404.402 Section 404.402 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Deductions; Reductions; and Nonpayments of Benefits § 404.402...

  7. Differential Involvement of Left Prefrontal Cortexin Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Goel, Vinod; Dolan, Raymond J.

    2004-01-01

    While inductive and deductive reasoning are considered distinct logical and psychological processes, little is known about their respective neural basis. To address this issue we scanned 16 subjects with fMRI, using an event-related design, while they engaged in inductive and deductive reasoning tasks. Both types of reasoning were characterized by…

  8. What is the role of induction and deduction in reasoning and scientific inquiry?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lawson, Anton E.

    2005-08-01

    A long-standing and continuing controversy exists regarding the role of induction and deduction in reasoning and in scientific inquiry. Given the inherent difficulty in reconstructing reasoning patterns based on personal and historical accounts, evidence about the nature of human reasoning in scientific inquiry has been sought from a controlled experiment designed to identify the role played by enumerative induction and deduction in cognition as well as from the relatively new field of neural modeling. Both experimental results and the neurological models imply that induction across a limited set of observations plays no role in task performance and in reasoning. Therefore, support has been obtained for Popper's hypothesis that enumerative induction does not exist as a psychological process. Instead, people appear to process information in terms of increasingly abstract cycles of hypothetico-deductive reasoning. Consequently, science instruction should provide students with opportunities to generate and test increasingly complex and abstract hypotheses and theories in a hypothetico-deductive manner. In this way students can be expected to become increasingly conscious of their underlying hypothetico-deductive thought processes, increasingly skilled in their application, and hence increasingly scientifically literate.

  9. 48 CFR 651.701 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... such contractors are paid through the Department's payroll system and they are subject to the standard payroll deductions of Federal Withholding Tax and FICA. [59 FR 66767, Dec. 28, 1994, as amended at 69 FR...

  10. 42 CFR 412.120 - Reductions to total payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... MEDICARE PROGRAM PROSPECTIVE PAYMENT SYSTEMS FOR INPATIENT HOSPITAL SERVICES Payments to Hospitals Under the Prospective Payment Systems § 412.120 Reductions to total payments. (a) Deductible and coinsurance... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Reductions to total payments. 412.120 Section 412...

  11. A Hybrid Procedural/Deductive Executive for Autonomous Spacecraft

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pell, Barney; Gamble, Edward B.; Gat, Erann; Kessing, Ron; Kurien, James; Millar, William; Nayak, P. Pandurang; Plaunt, Christian; Williams, Brian C.; Lau, Sonie (Technical Monitor)

    1998-01-01

    The New Millennium Remote Agent (NMRA) will be the first AI system to control an actual spacecraft. The spacecraft domain places a strong premium on autonomy and requires dynamic recoveries and robust concurrent execution, all in the presence of tight real-time deadlines, changing goals, scarce resource constraints, and a wide variety of possible failures. To achieve this level of execution robustness, we have integrated a procedural executive based on generic procedures with a deductive model-based executive. A procedural executive provides sophisticated control constructs such as loops, parallel activity, locks, and synchronization which are used for robust schedule execution, hierarchical task decomposition, and routine configuration management. A deductive executive provides algorithms for sophisticated state inference and optimal failure recover), planning. The integrated executive enables designers to code knowledge via a combination of procedures and declarative models, yielding a rich modeling capability suitable to the challenges of real spacecraft control. The interface between the two executives ensures both that recovery sequences are smoothly merged into high-level schedule execution and that a high degree of reactivity is retained to effectively handle additional failures during recovery.

  12. 26 CFR 1.601-1 - Special deduction for bank affiliates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Special deduction for bank affiliates. 1.601-1... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Bank Affiliates § 1.601-1 Special deduction for bank... of a bank, as defined in section 2 of the Banking Act of 1933 (12 U.S.C. 221a), which holding company...

  13. 26 CFR 1.601-1 - Special deduction for bank affiliates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Special deduction for bank affiliates. 1.601-1... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Bank Affiliates § 1.601-1 Special deduction for bank... of a bank, as defined in section 2 of the Banking Act of 1933 (12 U.S.C. 221a), which holding company...

  14. 45 CFR 162.1702 - Standards for health plan premium payments transaction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... March 16, 2009: The ASC X12N 820—Payroll Deducted and Other Group Premium Payment for Insurance Products, Version 4010, May 2000, Washington Publishing Company, 004010X061, and Addenda to Payroll Deducted and... ASC X12 Standards for Electronic Data Interchange Technical Report Type 3—Payroll Deducted and Other...

  15. 29 CFR 3.6 - Payroll deductions permissible with the approval of the Secretary of Labor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Payroll deductions permissible with the approval of the Secretary of Labor. 3.6 Section 3.6 Labor Office of the Secretary of Labor CONTRACTORS AND SUBCONTRACTORS ON....6 Payroll deductions permissible with the approval of the Secretary of Labor. Any contractor or...

  16. 26 CFR 1.809-7 - Limitation on certain deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    .... (a) In general. Section 809(f)(1) limits the deductions under section 809(d) (3), (5), and (6...(d)(6) (relating to group life, accident, and health insurance); (ii) Then to the amount of the... under section 809(d)(6); and (iii) Finally to the amount of the deduction under section 809(d)(5). Thus...

  17. 78 FR 19949 - The $500,000 Deduction Limitation for Remuneration Provided by Certain Health Insurance Providers

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-02

    ... 26 CFR Part 1 The $500,000 Deduction Limitation for Remuneration Provided by Certain Health Insurance...-12] RIN 1545-BK88 The $500,000 Deduction Limitation for Remuneration Provided by Certain Health... limitation for remuneration provided by certain health insurance providers under section 162(m)(6) of the...

  18. 26 CFR 1.663(a)-3 - Denial of double deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Corpus § 1.663(a)-3 Denial of double deduction. No amount deemed to have been distributed to a... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Denial of double deduction. 1.663(a)-3 Section 1.663(a)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX...

  19. 26 CFR 1.671-3 - Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax. 1.671-3 Section 1.671-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT... Treated As Substantial Owners § 1.671-3 Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits...

  20. 26 CFR 1.671-3 - Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax. 1.671-3 Section 1.671-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT... Treated As Substantial Owners § 1.671-3 Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits...

  1. 26 CFR 1.671-3 - Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax. 1.671-3 Section 1.671-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT... Treated As Substantial Owners § 1.671-3 Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits...

  2. Indicators and associated decay of Engelmann spruce in Colorado

    Treesearch

    Thomas E. Hinds; Frank G. Hawksworth

    1966-01-01

    Average cull deductions for 11 cull indicators were determined from over 2,000 abnormalities on 1,027 merchantable Engelmann spruce in 21 stands throughout Colorado. On a board-foot basis, Fomes pini punk knots or sporophores caused an 81 percent deduction. Deduction for broken tops or dead tops with adjacent dead rust brooms amounted to 24 percent....

  3. 26 CFR 1.170A-13 - Recordkeeping and return requirements for deductions for charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Recordkeeping and return requirements for deductions for charitable contributions. 1.170A-13 Section 1.170A-13 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Itemized Deductions for Individuals and Corporations (continued) §...

  4. 26 CFR 1.170A-13 - Recordkeeping and return requirements for deductions for charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Recordkeeping and return requirements for deductions for charitable contributions. 1.170A-13 Section 1.170A-13 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Itemized Deductions for Individuals and Corporations ...

  5. 26 CFR 20.2053-9 - Deduction for certain State death taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...), but only if (1) the conditions stated in paragraph (b) of this section are met, and (2) an election is... 2058 is applicable. (b) Condition for allowance of deduction. (1) The deduction is not allowed unless... gross estate. For allowance of the credit, it is sufficient if either of these conditions is satisfied...

  6. 26 CFR 301.6682-1 - False information with respect to withholding allowances based on itemized deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false False information with respect to withholding allowances based on itemized deductions. 301.6682-1 Section 301.6682-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE... Amounts § 301.6682-1 False information with respect to withholding allowances based on itemized deductions...

  7. 26 CFR 1.404(k)-3 - Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... payments. 1.404(k)-3 Section 1.404(k)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE.... § 1.404(k)-3 Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments. Q-1: Are payments to reacquire stock held by an ESOP applicable dividends that are deductible under section 404(k)(1)? A-1: (a...

  8. 26 CFR 1.404(k)-3 - Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... payments. 1.404(k)-3 Section 1.404(k)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Plans, Etc. § 1.404(k)-3 Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments. Q-1: Are payments to reacquire stock held by an ESOP applicable dividends that are deductible under section 404(k)(1)? A-1: (a...

  9. 26 CFR 1.404(k)-3 - Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... payments. 1.404(k)-3 Section 1.404(k)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Plans, Etc. § 1.404(k)-3 Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments. Q-1: Are payments to reacquire stock held by an ESOP applicable dividends that are deductible under section 404(k)(1)? A-1: (a...

  10. 26 CFR 1.404(k)-3 - Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... payments. 1.404(k)-3 Section 1.404(k)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Plans, Etc. § 1.404(k)-3 Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments. Q-1: Are payments to reacquire stock held by an ESOP applicable dividends that are deductible under section 404(k)(1)? A-1: (a...

  11. 26 CFR 1.404(k)-3 - Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... payments. 1.404(k)-3 Section 1.404(k)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Plans, Etc. § 1.404(k)-3 Disallowance of deduction for reacquisition payments. Q-1: Are payments to reacquire stock held by an ESOP applicable dividends that are deductible under section 404(k)(1)? A-1: (a...

  12. 26 CFR 1.671-3 - Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax. 1.671-3 Section 1.671-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT... Substantial Owners § 1.671-3 Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax. (a) When...

  13. 42 CFR 408.71 - Change from deduction or State payment to direct remittance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Change from deduction or State payment to direct...: Individual Payment § 408.71 Change from deduction or State payment to direct remittance. (a) Basis for change...) The enrollee's entitlement to social security or railroad retirement benefits ends for any reason...

  14. 26 CFR 1.280F-1T - Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview... passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview of regulations (temporary). (a) In general... deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles. Section 280F(b) denies the investment tax credit and...

  15. 26 CFR 1.280F-1T - Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview... passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview of regulations (temporary). (a) In general... deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles. Section 280F(b) denies the investment tax credit and...

  16. 26 CFR 1.280F-1T - Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview... passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview of regulations (temporary). (a) In general... deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles. Section 280F(b) denies the investment tax credit and...

  17. 26 CFR 1.280F-1T - Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview... passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview of regulations (temporary). (a) In general... deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles. Section 280F(b) denies the investment tax credit and...

  18. 26 CFR 1.280F-1T - Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview... Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and... section 168 for passenger automobiles. Section 280F(b) denies the investment tax credit and requires use...

  19. 26 CFR 1.671-3 - Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits against tax. 1.671-3 Section 1.671-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT... Treated As Substantial Owners § 1.671-3 Attribution or inclusion of income, deductions, and credits...

  20. 26 CFR 1.1312-2 - Double allowance of a deduction or credit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... return for 1950 claimed and was allowed a deduction for destruction of timber by a forest fire. Subsequently, it was discovered that the forest fire occurred in 1951 rather than 1950. After the expiration of... refund for 1951 based upon a deduction for the fire loss in that year. The Commissioner in 1955 allows...

  1. 26 CFR 1.1312-2 - Double allowance of a deduction or credit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... taxpayer in his return for 1950 claimed and was allowed a deduction for destruction of timber by a forest fire. Subsequently, it was discovered that the forest fire occurred in 1951 rather than 1950. After the... claim for refund for 1951 based upon a deduction for the fire loss in that year. The Commissioner in...

  2. The Brain Network for Deductive Reasoning: A Quantitative Meta-Analysis of 28 Neuroimaging Studies

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Prado, Jerome; Chadha, Angad; Booth, James R.

    2011-01-01

    Over the course of the past decade, contradictory claims have been made regarding the neural bases of deductive reasoning. Researchers have been puzzled by apparent inconsistencies in the literature. Some have even questioned the effectiveness of the methodology used to study the neural bases of deductive reasoning. However, the idea that…

  3. 26 CFR 1.1382-3 - Taxable income of cooperatives; special deductions for exempt farmers' cooperatives.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... deductions for exempt farmers' cooperatives. 1.1382-3 Section 1.1382-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE... Patrons § 1.1382-3 Taxable income of cooperatives; special deductions for exempt farmers' cooperatives. (a) In general. (1) Section 1382(c) provides that in determining the taxable income of a farmers', fruit...

  4. 26 CFR 1.162-25T - Deductions with respect to noncash fringe benefits (temporary).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... ordinary and necessary business expense of leasing the property. (b) [Reserved] (c) Examples. The following... recovery deduction under section 168 or a deduction under section 179 for an expense not chargeable to... the use of the automobile by E is in connection with X's trade or business. If X uses the special rule...

  5. 42 CFR 408.71 - Change from deduction or State payment to direct remittance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Change from deduction or State payment to direct...: Individual Payment § 408.71 Change from deduction or State payment to direct remittance. (a) Basis for change...) The enrollee's entitlement to social security or railroad retirement benefits ends for any reason...

  6. 26 CFR 25.2523(h)-1 - Denial of double deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Denial of double deduction. 25.2523(h)-1 Section 25.2523(h)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) ESTATE AND GIFT TAXES GIFT TAX; GIFTS MADE AFTER DECEMBER 31, 1954 Deductions § 25.2523(h)-1 Denial of...

  7. 20 CFR 416.732 - No penalty deduction if you have good cause for failure to report timely.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false No penalty deduction if you have good cause for failure to report timely. 416.732 Section 416.732 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Reports Required Penalty Deductions...

  8. 20 CFR 416.732 - No penalty deduction if you have good cause for failure to report timely.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false No penalty deduction if you have good cause for failure to report timely. 416.732 Section 416.732 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Reports Required Penalty Deductions...

  9. Proof in Transformation Geometry

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bell, A. W.

    1971-01-01

    The first of three articles showing how inductively-obtained results in transformation geometry may be organized into a deductive system. This article discusses two approaches to enlargement (dilatation), one using coordinates and the other using synthetic methods. (MM)

  10. High-deductible health plans.

    PubMed

    2014-05-01

    High-deductible health plans (HDHPs) are insurance policies with higher deductibles than conventional plans. The Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 linked many HDHPs with tax-advantaged spending accounts. The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act continues to provide for HDHPs in its lower-level plans on the health insurance marketplace and provides for them in employer-offered plans. HDHPs decrease the premium cost of insurance policies for purchasers and shift the risk of further payments to the individual subscriber. HDHPs reduce utilization and total medical costs, at least in the short term. Because HDHPs require out-of-pocket payment in the initial stages of care, primary care and other outpatient services as well as elective procedures are the services most affected, whereas higher-cost services in the health care system, incurred after the deductible is met, are unaffected. HDHPs promote adverse selection because healthier and wealthier patients tend to opt out of conventional plans in favor of HDHPs. Because the ill pay more than the healthy under HDHPs, families with children with special health care needs bear an increased cost burden in this model. HDHPs discourage use of nonpreventive primary care and thus are at odds with most recommendations for improving the organization of health care, which focus on strengthening primary care.This policy statement provides background information on HDHPs, discusses the implications for families and pediatric care providers, and suggests courses of action. Copyright © 2014 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

  11. 12 CFR 217.22 - Regulatory capital adjustments and deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    .... 217.22 Section 217.22 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM CAPITAL ADEQUACY OF BOARD-REGULATED INSTITUTIONS Definition of Capital § 217.22 Regulatory...) in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section, including goodwill that is embedded in the...

  12. Semantic Networks. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Collins, Allan M.; Warnock, Eleanor H.

    Research and development work on the use of the SCHOLAR autotutorial, online system is described. Inference strategies used within the system are deductive, negative, and functional in character. A graphics package allows user to ask questions and give commands in English to control SCHOLAR's map display capability. The examples shown are for…

  13. 29 CFR 3.5 - Payroll deductions permissible without application to or approval of the Secretary of Labor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Payroll deductions permissible without application to or approval of the Secretary of Labor. 3.5 Section 3.5 Labor Office of the Secretary of Labor CONTRACTORS AND... STATES § 3.5 Payroll deductions permissible without application to or approval of the Secretary of Labor...

  14. Modeling the Effects of Argument Length and Validity on Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rotello, Caren M.; Heit, Evan

    2009-01-01

    In an effort to assess models of inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning, the authors, in 3 experiments, examined the effects of argument length and logical validity on evaluation of arguments. In Experiments 1a and 1b, participants were given either induction or deduction instructions for a common set of stimuli. Two distinct effects were…

  15. 26 CFR 1.1312-5 - Correlative deductions and inclusions for trusts or estates and legatees, beneficiaries, or heirs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Correlative deductions and inclusions for... inclusions for trusts or estates and legatees, beneficiaries, or heirs. (a) Paragraph (5) of section 1312... determination relates to the amount of the deduction allowed by sections 651 and 661 or the inclusion in taxable...

  16. 26 CFR 1.1312-5 - Correlative deductions and inclusions for trusts or estates and legatees, beneficiaries, or heirs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Correlative deductions and inclusions for... inclusions for trusts or estates and legatees, beneficiaries, or heirs. (a) Paragraph (5) of section 1312... determination relates to the amount of the deduction allowed by sections 651 and 661 or the inclusion in taxable...

  17. 26 CFR 1.1312-5 - Correlative deductions and inclusions for trusts or estates and legatees, beneficiaries, or heirs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Correlative deductions and inclusions for... inclusions for trusts or estates and legatees, beneficiaries, or heirs. (a) Paragraph (5) of section 1312... determination relates to the amount of the deduction allowed by sections 651 and 661 or the inclusion in taxable...

  18. Deductive Reasoning to Teach Newton's Law of Motion

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lee, Han Su; Park, Jongwon

    2013-01-01

    Finding out about and then understanding the forces acting on a moving object, based on a description of the change in motion of this object, is an important part of the conceptual understanding of Newton's law of motion. Using Hempel's deductive-normative model for scientific explanation, we developed a deductive explanation task (DET),…

  19. 26 CFR 1.181-1T - Deduction for qualified film and television production costs (temporary).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deduction for qualified film and television... and Corporations (continued) § 1.181-1T Deduction for qualified film and television production costs... film or television production (as defined in § 1.181-3T(b)) that the owner reasonably expects will be...

  20. 26 CFR 1.1312-5 - Correlative deductions and inclusions for trusts or estates and legatees, beneficiaries, or heirs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Correlative deductions and inclusions for... inclusions for trusts or estates and legatees, beneficiaries, or heirs. (a) Paragraph (5) of section 1312... determination relates to the amount of the deduction allowed by sections 651 and 661 or the inclusion in taxable...

  1. 26 CFR 1.941-1 - Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations. 1.941-1 Section 1.941-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) China Trade Act Corporations § 1.941-1 Special deduction for China Trade Act corporations....

  2. 26 CFR 1.280C-1 - Disallowance of certain deductions for wage or salary expenses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... salary expenses. 1.280C-1 Section 1.280C-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... certain deductions for wage or salary expenses. If an employer elects to claim the targeted jobs credit... deduction for wage or salary expenses paid or incurred in the year the credit is earned by the amount...

  3. 26 CFR 1.547-5 - Deduction denied in case of fraud or wilful failure to file timely return.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... failure to file timely return. 1.547-5 Section 1.547-5 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Personal Holding Companies § 1.547-5 Deduction denied in case of fraud or wilful failure to file timely return. No deduction...

  4. 26 CFR 1.547-5 - Deduction denied in case of fraud or wilful failure to file timely return.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... failure to file timely return. 1.547-5 Section 1.547-5 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Personal Holding Companies § 1.547-5 Deduction denied in case of fraud or wilful failure to file timely return. No deduction...

  5. 26 CFR 1.42A-1 - General tax credit for taxable years ending after December 31, 1975, and before January 1, 1979.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... exceed $9,000, or (ii) $35 multiplied by the total number of deductions for personal exemptions to which... thereunder (relating to allowance of deductions for personal exemptions with respect to the individual, the... total number of deductions for personal exemptions shall not include any additional exemptions to which...

  6. 26 CFR 1.42A-1 - General tax credit for taxable years ending after December 31, 1975, and before January 1, 1979.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... exceed $9,000, or (ii) $35 multiplied by the total number of deductions for personal exemptions to which... thereunder (relating to allowance of deductions for personal exemptions with respect to the individual, the... total number of deductions for personal exemptions shall not include any additional exemptions to which...

  7. 26 CFR 1.404(a)-2 - Information to be furnished by employer claiming deductions; taxable years ending before December...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... deductions; taxable years ending before December 31, 1971. 1.404(a)-2 Section 1.404(a)-2 Internal Revenue... employer claiming deductions; taxable years ending before December 31, 1971. (a) For the first taxable year... 25 highest paid employees covered by the plan in the taxable year, listed in order of their...

  8. 5 CFR Appendix A to Subpart H of... - Information on Computing Certain Common Deductions From Back Pay Awards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Deductions From Back Pay Awards A Appendix A to Subpart H of Part 550 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PAY ADMINISTRATION (GENERAL) Back Pay Pt. 550, Subpt. H, App. A Appendix A to Subpart H of Part 550—Information on Computing Certain Common Deductions From Back...

  9. 12 CFR 208.73 - What additional provisions are applicable to state member banks with financial subsidiaries?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... subsidiaries from both the bank's Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital; and (ii) Deduct the entire amount of the... deducted from the bank's Tier 1 capital. (b) Financial statement disclosure of capital deduction. Any... (including the well capitalized standard of § 208.71(a)(1)): (1) The bank must not consolidate the assets and...

  10. Service contract of Renault Kerax 440 truck with deductible and policy limit coverage modification

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bustami, Pasaribu, Udjianna. S.; Husniah, Hennie

    2016-02-01

    In this paper we discuss a service contracts with coverage modification that only offer preventive maintenance and corrective maintenance for Renault Kerax 440 Truck by service contract provider. Corrective maintenance costs is modified with deductible and policy limit during the period of the service contract. Demand for a service contract is only influenced by the price of the service contract, deductible, and policy limit offered by producer to consumer. The main problem in this thesis is determining the price of a service contract, deductible, and policy limit to get maximum profit for producer for each of service contract.

  11. Home care for older people in Sweden: a universal model in transition.

    PubMed

    Szebehely, Marta; Trydegård, Gun-Britt

    2012-05-01

    One aspect of universalism in Swedish eldercare services is that publicly financed and publicly provided services have been both affordable for the poor and attractive enough to be preferred by the middle class. This article identifies two trends in home care for older people in Sweden: a decline in the coverage of publicly funded services and their increasing marketisation. We explore the mechanisms behind these trends by reviewing policy documents and official reports, and discuss the distributional consequences of the changes by analysing two data sets from Statistics Sweden: the Swedish Level of Living surveys from 1988/1989 and 2004/2005 and a database on all users of tax deductions on household and care services in 2009. The analysis shows that the decline of tax-funded home care is not the result of changing eldercare legislation and was not intended by national policy-makers. Rather the decline was caused by a complex interplay of decision-making at central and local levels, resulting in stricter municipal targeting. The trend towards marketisation has been more clearly intended by national policy-makers. Legislative changes have opened up tax-funded services to private provision, and a customer-choice (voucher) model and a tax deduction for household- and care services have been introduced. As a result of declining tax-funded home-care services, older persons with lower education increasingly receive family care, while those with higher education are more likely to buy private services. The combination of income-related user fees, customer-choice models and the tax deduction has created an incentive for high-income older persons to turn to the market instead of using public home-care services. Thus, Swedish home care, as a universal welfare service, is now under threat and may become increasingly dominated by groups with less education and lower income which, in turn, could jeopardise the quality of care. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  12. Inexpensive health care reform: the mathematics of medicine.

    PubMed

    Forsyth, Roger A

    2010-02-01

    There is data to support the hypothesis that US healthcare reform will require systemic changes in their delivery system rather than a segment-by-segment approach to improving individual components such as administrative or pharmaceutical costs or illness-by-illness programs such as comparative effectiveness or disease management. Mathematically, personnel costs provide the largest potential for savings. These costs are reflected in utilization rates. However, when governments or insurers try to control utilization, shortages or dissatisfaction ensue. Therefore, reform should be structured to encourage individually initiated reductions in utilization. This can be facilitated by changing from employer-paid comprehensive group policies of variable coverage to a three-part, standardized, individually purchased, group policy with a targeted deductible and co-pays that provide disincentives to over-utilization and incentives (refunds on unused contributions) to reduce utilization. There will be a public health policy (maternal, infant, and immunizations) that will be very inexpensive and not subject to any disincentives, a catastrophic policy with a deductible and enhanced but diminishing co-pays, and a Health Savings Account that pre-positions funds to cover the deductible and co-pays. These changes will lead to a reduction in administrative costs. The excess capacity created will provide care for the currently uninsured. Savings will be refunded to individuals thereby generating taxes that can pay for needed subsidies. Reform can be inexpensive if it puts the mathematics before the politics.

  13. Buprenorphine Treatment and Patient Use of Health Services after the Affordable Care Act in an Integrated Health Care System

    PubMed Central

    Campbell, Cynthia I.; Parthasarathy, Sujaya; Young-Wolff, Kelly C.; Satre, Derek D.

    2017-01-01

    Introduction The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was expected to benefit patients with substance use disorders, including opioid use disorders (OUDs). This study examined buprenorphine use and health services utilization by patients with OUDs pre- and post-ACA in a large health care system. Methods Using electronic health record data, we examined demographic and clinical characteristics (substance use, psychiatric and medical conditions) of two patient cohorts using buprenorphine: those newly enrolled in 2012 (“pre-ACA”, N=204) and in 2014 (“post-ACA”, N=258). Logistic and negative binomial regressions were used to model persistent buprenorphine use, and to examine whether persistent use was related to health services utilization. Results Buprenorphine patients were largely similar pre- and post-ACA, although more post-ACA patients had a marijuana use disorder (p<.01). Post-ACA patients were more likely to have high deductible benefit plans (p<.01). Use of psychiatry services was lower post-ACA (IRR: 0.56, p<.01), and high deductible plans were also related to lower use of psychiatry services (IRR: 0.30, p<.01). Conclusion The relationship between marijuana use disorder and prescription opioid use is complex, and deserves further study, particularly with increasingly widespread marijuana legalization. Access to psychiatry services may be more challenging for buprenorphine patients post-ACA, especially for patients with deductible plans. PMID:28426332

  14. A reverse engineering approach to optimize experiments for the construction of biological regulatory networks.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Xiaomeng; Shao, Bin; Wu, Yangle; Qi, Ouyang

    2013-01-01

    One of the major objectives in systems biology is to understand the relation between the topological structures and the dynamics of biological regulatory networks. In this context, various mathematical tools have been developed to deduct structures of regulatory networks from microarray expression data. In general, from a single data set, one cannot deduct the whole network structure; additional expression data are usually needed. Thus how to design a microarray expression experiment in order to get the most information is a practical problem in systems biology. Here we propose three methods, namely, maximum distance method, trajectory entropy method, and sampling method, to derive the optimal initial conditions for experiments. The performance of these methods is tested and evaluated in three well-known regulatory networks (budding yeast cell cycle, fission yeast cell cycle, and E. coli. SOS network). Based on the evaluation, we propose an efficient strategy for the design of microarray expression experiments.

  15. Challenges for Rule Systems on the Web

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hu, Yuh-Jong; Yeh, Ching-Long; Laun, Wolfgang

    The RuleML Challenge started in 2007 with the objective of inspiring the issues of implementation for management, integration, interoperation and interchange of rules in an open distributed environment, such as the Web. Rules are usually classified as three types: deductive rules, normative rules, and reactive rules. The reactive rules are further classified as ECA rules and production rules. The study of combination rule and ontology is traced back to an earlier active rule system for relational and object-oriented (OO) databases. Recently, this issue has become one of the most important research problems in the Semantic Web. Once we consider a computer executable policy as a declarative set of rules and ontologies that guides the behavior of entities within a system, we have a flexible way to implement real world policies without rewriting the computer code, as we did before. Fortunately, we have de facto rule markup languages, such as RuleML or RIF to achieve the portability and interchange of rules for different rule systems. Otherwise, executing real-life rule-based applications on the Web is almost impossible. Several commercial or open source rule engines are available for the rule-based applications. However, we still need a standard rule language and benchmark for not only to compare the rule systems but also to measure the progress in the field. Finally, a number of real-life rule-based use cases will be investigated to demonstrate the applicability of current rule systems on the Web.

  16. 26 CFR 1.280C-3 - Disallowance of certain deductions for qualified clinical testing expenses when section 28 credit...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... clinical testing expenses when section 28 credit is allowable. 1.280C-3 Section 1.280C-3 Internal Revenue... Not Deductible § 1.280C-3 Disallowance of certain deductions for qualified clinical testing expenses... section 28 for qualified clinical testing expenses (as defined in section 28(b)), it must reduce the...

  17. 20 CFR 404.417 - Deductions because of noncovered remunerative activity outside the United States; 45 hour and 7...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... activity outside the United States; 45 hour and 7-day work test. 404.417 Section 404.417 Employees... activity outside the United States; 45 hour and 7-day work test. (a) Deductions because of individual's... on. Effective May 1983, a 45-hour work test applies before a benefit deduction is made for the non...

  18. 20 CFR 404.417 - Deductions because of noncovered remunerative activity outside the United States; 45 hour and 7...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... activity outside the United States; 45 hour and 7-day work test. 404.417 Section 404.417 Employees... activity outside the United States; 45 hour and 7-day work test. (a) Deductions because of individual's... on. Effective May 1983, a 45-hour work test applies before a benefit deduction is made for the non...

  19. 20 CFR 404.421 - How are deductions made when a beneficiary fails to have a child in his or her care?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... husband's benefits for such month (see subpart D of this part). (b) Mother's or father's benefits—(1) Widow or widower. A deduction is made from the mother's or father's benefits to which he or she is...) Surviving divorced mother or father. A deduction is made from the mother's or father's benefits to which he...

  20. 20 CFR 404.421 - How are deductions made when a beneficiary fails to have a child in his or her care?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... husband's benefits for such month (see subpart D of this part). (b) Mother's or father's benefits—(1) Widow or widower. A deduction is made from the mother's or father's benefits to which he or she is...) Surviving divorced mother or father. A deduction is made from the mother's or father's benefits to which he...

  1. 26 CFR 1.404(k)-1T - Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary)

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) 1.404(k)-1T Section 1.404(k)-1T Internal Revenue... (CONTINUED) Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.404(k)-1T Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) Q-1: What does section 404(k) provide...

  2. 26 CFR 1.404(k)-1T - Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary)

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) 1.404(k)-1T Section 1.404(k)-1T Internal Revenue... (CONTINUED) Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.404(k)-1T Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) Q-1: What does section 404(k) provide...

  3. 26 CFR 1.404(k)-1T - Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary)

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) 1.404(k)-1T Section 1.404(k)-1T Internal Revenue... (CONTINUED) Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.404(k)-1T Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) Q-1: What does section 404(k) provide...

  4. 26 CFR 1.404(k)-1T - Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary)

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) 1.404(k)-1T Section 1.404(k)-1T Internal Revenue... (CONTINUED) Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.404(k)-1T Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) Q-1: What does section 404(k) provide...

  5. 26 CFR 1.404(k)-1T - Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary)

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) 1.404(k)-1T Section 1.404(k)-1T Internal Revenue... Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.404(k)-1T Questions and answers relating to the deductibility of certain dividend distributions. (Temporary) Q-1: What does section 404(k) provide? A-1: Section...

  6. 26 CFR 1.911-8 - Former deduction for certain expenses of living abroad.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... abroad. 1.911-8 Section 1.911-8 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY....911-8 Former deduction for certain expenses of living abroad. For rules relating to the deduction for..., 1982. (Sec. 911 (95 Stat. 194; 26 U.S.C. 911) and sec. 7805 (68A Stat. 917; 26 U.S.C. 7805) of the...

  7. 26 CFR 1.274-6 - Expenditures deductible without regard to trade or business or other income producing activity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Expenditures deductible without regard to trade or business or other income producing activity. 1.274-6 Section 1.274-6 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Items Not Deductible § 1.274-6 Expenditures...

  8. 26 CFR 1.221-2 - Deduction for interest due and paid on qualified education loans before January 1, 2002.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... under section 163(e) and § 1.163-7, original issue discount on a qualified education loan is not... education loans before January 1, 2002. 1.221-2 Section 1.221-2 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Deductions for Individuals § 1.221-2 Deduction for interest due and paid on qualified education loans before...

  9. 26 CFR 1.221-2 - Deduction for interest due and paid on qualified education loans before January 1, 2002.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... under section 163(e) and § 1.163-7, original issue discount on a qualified education loan is not... education loans before January 1, 2002. 1.221-2 Section 1.221-2 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Deductions for Individuals § 1.221-2 Deduction for interest due and paid on qualified education loans before...

  10. 26 CFR 1.221-2 - Deduction for interest due and paid on qualified education loans before January 1, 2002.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... under section 163(e) and § 1.163-7, original issue discount on a qualified education loan is not... education loans before January 1, 2002. 1.221-2 Section 1.221-2 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Deductions for Individuals § 1.221-2 Deduction for interest due and paid on qualified education loans before...

  11. 26 CFR 1.179A-1 - Recapture of deduction for qualified clean-fuel vehicle property and qualified clean-fuel vehicle...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Recapture of deduction for qualified clean-fuel vehicle property and qualified clean-fuel vehicle refueling property. 1.179A-1 Section 1.179A-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Itemized Deductions for...

  12. 26 CFR 1.179A-1 - Recapture of deduction for qualified clean-fuel vehicle property and qualified clean-fuel vehicle...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Recapture of deduction for qualified clean-fuel vehicle property and qualified clean-fuel vehicle refueling property. 1.179A-1 Section 1.179A-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Itemized Deductions for...

  13. 26 CFR 1.179A-1 - Recapture of deduction for qualified clean-fuel vehicle property and qualified clean-fuel vehicle...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Recapture of deduction for qualified clean-fuel vehicle property and qualified clean-fuel vehicle refueling property. 1.179A-1 Section 1.179A-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Itemized Deductions for...

  14. 26 CFR 1.691(c)-1 - Deduction for estate tax attributable to income in respect of a decedent.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... deductions of $15,000 and an exemption of $60,000, his taxable estate amounted to $110,000. The estate tax on... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deduction for estate tax attributable to income..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Income in Respect of Decedents § 1...

  15. 26 CFR 1.163-3 - Deduction for discount on bond issued on or before May 27, 1969.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... case of a callable bond, at the earlier call date) over the issue price of the bond (as defined in... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deduction for discount on bond issued on or... and Corporations § 1.163-3 Deduction for discount on bond issued on or before May 27, 1969. (a...

  16. 40 CFR 74.50 - Deducting opt-in source allowances from ATS accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) SULFUR DIOXIDE OPT-INS Allowance Tracking and Transfer and End of Year... any Allowance Tracking System accounts in which they are held, the allowances in an amount specified... any Allowance Tracking System Account other than the account of the source that includes opt-in source...

  17. Government and the Economy--Taxation.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Perry, J. Harvey; McGregor, Gwyneth

    This document examines the current Canadian tax structure, legislation, sources of tax revenues, exemptions, deductions, and tax treaties with foreign countries. Part I reviews the sources of revenue and explains why the tax system is so complex. Among the reasons given for the complexity are that the system must spread the tax load over as many…

  18. 42 CFR 447.54 - Maximum allowable and nominal charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., any co-payments it imposes under a fee-for-service delivery system do not exceed the amounts shown in... Deductible, Coinsurance, Co-Payment Or Similar Cost-Sharing Charge § 447.54 Maximum allowable and nominal... paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section for comparable services under a fee-for-service delivery system. When...

  19. 42 CFR 447.54 - Maximum allowable and nominal charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., any co-payments it imposes under a fee-for-service delivery system do not exceed the amounts shown in... Deductible, Coinsurance, Co-Payment Or Similar Cost-Sharing Charge § 447.54 Maximum allowable and nominal... paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section for comparable services under a fee-for-service delivery system. When...

  20. Approximate Reasoning: Past, Present, Future

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-06-27

    This note presents a personal view of the state of the art in the representation and manipulation of imprecise and uncertain information by automated ... processing systems. To contrast their objectives and characteristics with the sound deductive procedures of classical logic, methodologies developed

  1. Deduction with Uncertain Conditionals

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2002-04-01

    operations but a very different fourth operation, again meant as an implication. As mentioned by Gilio and Scozzafava [19], in 1985 Bruno and Gilio also...nonmonotonic consequence relationships, IEEE Transactions of Systems, Man and Cybernetics 24 (12) (1994) 1724-1740. [19] A. Gilio , R. Scozzafava

  2. 41 CFR Appendix B to Chapter 301 - Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From the M&IE Allowance

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From the M&IE Allowance B Appendix B to Chapter 301 Public Contracts.... 301, App. B Appendix B to Chapter 301—Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From...

  3. 41 CFR Appendix B to Chapter 301 - Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From the M&IE Allowance

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From the M&IE Allowance B Appendix B to Chapter 301 Public Contracts.... 301, App. B Appendix B to Chapter 301—Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From...

  4. 41 CFR Appendix B to Chapter 301 - Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From the M&IE Allowance

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From the M&IE Allowance B Appendix B to Chapter 301 Public Contracts.... 301, App. B Appendix B to Chapter 301—Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From...

  5. 41 CFR Appendix B to Chapter 301 - Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From the M&IE Allowance

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From the M&IE Allowance B Appendix B to Chapter 301 Public Contracts.... 301, App. B Appendix B to Chapter 301—Allocation of M&IE Rates To Be Used in Making Deductions From...

  6. Fourth NASA Langley Formal Methods Workshop

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Holloway, C. Michael (Compiler); Hayhurst, Kelly J. (Compiler)

    1997-01-01

    This publication consists of papers presented at NASA Langley Research Center's fourth workshop on the application of formal methods to the design and verification of life-critical systems. Topic considered include: Proving properties of accident; modeling and validating SAFER in VDM-SL; requirement analysis of real-time control systems using PVS; a tabular language for system design; automated deductive verification of parallel systems. Also included is a fundamental hardware design in PVS.

  7. DataHub: Knowledge-based data management for data discovery

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Handley, Thomas H.; Li, Y. Philip

    1993-08-01

    Currently available database technology is largely designed for business data-processing applications, and seems inadequate for scientific applications. The research described in this paper, the DataHub, will address the issues associated with this shortfall in technology utilization and development. The DataHub development is addressing the key issues in scientific data management of scientific database models and resource sharing in a geographically distributed, multi-disciplinary, science research environment. Thus, the DataHub will be a server between the data suppliers and data consumers to facilitate data exchanges, to assist science data analysis, and to provide as systematic approach for science data management. More specifically, the DataHub's objectives are to provide support for (1) exploratory data analysis (i.e., data driven analysis); (2) data transformations; (3) data semantics capture and usage; analysis-related knowledge capture and usage; and (5) data discovery, ingestion, and extraction. Applying technologies that vary from deductive databases, semantic data models, data discovery, knowledge representation and inferencing, exploratory data analysis techniques and modern man-machine interfaces, DataHub will provide a prototype, integrated environement to support research scientists' needs in multiple disciplines (i.e. oceanography, geology, and atmospheric) while addressing the more general science data management issues. Additionally, the DataHub will provide data management services to exploratory data analysis applications such as LinkWinds and NCSA's XIMAGE.

  8. A Model-based Approach to Reactive Self-Configuring Systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Williams, Brian C.; Nayak, P. Pandurang

    1996-01-01

    This paper describes Livingstone, an implemented kernel for a self-reconfiguring autonomous system, that is reactive and uses component-based declarative models. The paper presents a formal characterization of the representation formalism used in Livingstone, and reports on our experience with the implementation in a variety of domains. Livingstone's representation formalism achieves broad coverage of hybrid software/hardware systems by coupling the concurrent transition system models underlying concurrent reactive languages with the discrete qualitative representations developed in model-based reasoning. We achieve a reactive system that performs significant deductions in the sense/response loop by drawing on our past experience at building fast prepositional conflict-based algorithms for model-based diagnosis, and by framing a model-based configuration manager as a prepositional, conflict-based feedback controller that generates focused, optimal responses. Livingstone automates all these tasks using a single model and a single core deductive engine, thus making significant progress towards achieving a central goal of model-based reasoning. Livingstone, together with the HSTS planning and scheduling engine and the RAPS executive, has been selected as the core autonomy architecture for Deep Space One, the first spacecraft for NASA's New Millennium program.

  9. Applications of artificial intelligence systems in the analysis of epidemiological data.

    PubMed

    Flouris, Andreas D; Duffy, Jack

    2006-01-01

    A brief review of the germane literature suggests that the use of artificial intelligence (AI) statistical algorithms in epidemiology has been limited. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using AI systems in large-scale sets of epidemiological data to extract inherent, formerly unidentified, and potentially valuable patterns that human-driven deductive models may miss.

  10. Federal Tax Incentives for Energy Storage Systems

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Anderson, Katherine H; Elgqvist, Emma M; Settle, Donald E

    Investments in renewable energy are more attractive due to the contribution of two key federal tax incentives. The investment tax credit (ITC) and the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) depreciation deduction may apply to energy storage systems such as batteries depending on who owns the battery and how the battery is used. The guidelines in this fact sheet apply to energy storage systems installed at the same time as the renewable energy system.

  11. Transformation Systems at NASA Ames

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Buntine, Wray; Fischer, Bernd; Havelund, Klaus; Lowry, Michael; Pressburger, TOm; Roach, Steve; Robinson, Peter; VanBaalen, Jeffrey

    1999-01-01

    In this paper, we describe the experiences of the Automated Software Engineering Group at the NASA Ames Research Center in the development and application of three different transformation systems. The systems span the entire technology range, from deductive synthesis, to logic-based transformation, to almost compiler-like source-to-source transformation. These systems also span a range of NASA applications, including solving solar system geometry problems, generating data analysis software, and analyzing multi-threaded Java code.

  12. 17 CFR 240.15c3-1e - Deductions for market and credit risk for certain brokers or dealers (Appendix E to 17 CFR 240...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... provisions of § 240.15c3-4 with respect to an internal risk management control system for the affiliate group... part of the internal risk management control system for the affiliate group, establish, document, and... risk management control system for the affiliate group that the ultimate holding company has...

  13. 17 CFR 240.15c3-1e - Deductions for market and credit risk for certain brokers or dealers (Appendix E to 17 CFR 240...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... provisions of § 240.15c3-4 with respect to an internal risk management control system for the affiliate group... part of the internal risk management control system for the affiliate group, establish, document, and... risk management control system for the affiliate group that the ultimate holding company has...

  14. 17 CFR 240.15c3-1e - Deductions for market and credit risk for certain brokers or dealers (Appendix E to 17 CFR 240...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... provisions of § 240.15c3-4 with respect to an internal risk management control system for the affiliate group... part of the internal risk management control system for the affiliate group, establish, document, and... risk management control system for the affiliate group that the ultimate holding company has...

  15. 17 CFR 240.15c3-1e - Deductions for market and credit risk for certain brokers or dealers (Appendix E to 17 CFR 240...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... provisions of § 240.15c3-4 with respect to an internal risk management control system for the affiliate group... part of the internal risk management control system for the affiliate group, establish, document, and... risk management control system for the affiliate group that the ultimate holding company has...

  16. CABARET: Rule Interpretation in a Hybrid Architecture

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-01-01

    reasoning. In this paper, we discuss CABARET in the application area of income tax law concerning the deduction for expenses relating to an office...then re-instantiated with knowledge relevant to an area of income tax law . The goal of the TAX-HYPO project was to determine how well the mechanisms...is currently instantiated is an area of U.S. Federal income tax law regarding the "home office deduction". The home office deduction domain is

  17. Microcomputer Data Management in an Introductory Physics Laboratory.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chonacky, Norman

    1982-01-01

    Discusses the use of a microcomputer/mini-floppy disk system by physics students to store and analyze experimental data and exchange messages with the lab instructor. Also discusses other uses, in particular those fostering critical thinking and hypothetico-deductive reasoning. (Author/SK)

  18. 5 CFR 1215.4 - Notice requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Notice requirements. 1215.4 Section 1215.4 Administrative Personnel MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURES DEBT MANAGEMENT Salary Offset § 1215.4 Notice requirements. (a) Deductions shall not be made unless the employee...

  19. Catalyzing Genetic Thinking in Undergraduate Mathematics Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    King, Samuel Olugbenga

    2016-01-01

    In undergraduate mathematics education, atypical problem solving approaches are usually discouraged because they are not adaptive to systematic deduction on which undergraduate instructional systems are predicated. I present preliminary qualitative research evidence that indicates that these atypical approaches, such as genetic guessing, which…

  20. Value-Based Insurance Design Benefit Offsets Reductions In Medication Adherence Associated With Switch To Deductible Plan.

    PubMed

    Reed, Mary E; Warton, E Margaret; Kim, Eileen; Solomon, Matthew D; Karter, Andrew J

    2017-03-01

    Enrollment in high-deductible health plans is increasing out-of-pocket spending. But innovative plans that pair deductibles with value-based insurance designs can help preserve low-cost access to high-value treatments for patients by aligning coverage with clinical value. Among adults in high-deductible health plans who were prescribed medications for chronic conditions, we examined what impact a value-based pharmacy benefit that offered free chronic disease medications had on medication adherence. Overall, we found that the value-based plan offset reductions in medication adherence associated with switching to a deductible plan. The value-based plan appeared particularly beneficial for patients who started with low levels of medication adherence. Patients with additional clinical complexity or vulnerable populations living in neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic status, however, did not show adherence improvements and might not be taking advantage of value-based insurance design provisions. Additional efforts may be needed to educate patients about their nuanced benefit plans to help overcome initial confusion about these complex plans. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

  1. Deductibles in health insurance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dimitriyadis, I.; Öney, Ü. N.

    2009-11-01

    This study is an extension to a simulation study that has been developed to determine ruin probabilities in health insurance. The study concentrates on inpatient and outpatient benefits for customers of varying age bands. Loss distributions are modelled through the Allianz tool pack for different classes of insureds. Premiums at different levels of deductibles are derived in the simulation and ruin probabilities are computed assuming a linear loading on the premium. The increase in the probability of ruin at high levels of the deductible clearly shows the insufficiency of proportional loading in deductible premiums. The PH-transform pricing rule developed by Wang is analyzed as an alternative pricing rule. A simple case, where an insured is assumed to be an exponential utility decision maker while the insurer's pricing rule is a PH-transform is also treated.

  2. A hybrid stochastic approach for self-location of wireless sensors in indoor environments.

    PubMed

    Lloret, Jaime; Tomas, Jesus; Garcia, Miguel; Canovas, Alejandro

    2009-01-01

    Indoor location systems, especially those using wireless sensor networks, are used in many application areas. While the need for these systems is widely proven, there is a clear lack of accuracy. Many of the implemented applications have high errors in their location estimation because of the issues arising in the indoor environment. Two different approaches had been proposed using WLAN location systems: on the one hand, the so-called deductive methods take into account the physical properties of signal propagation. These systems require a propagation model, an environment map, and the position of the radio-stations. On the other hand, the so-called inductive methods require a previous training phase where the system learns the received signal strength (RSS) in each location. This phase can be very time consuming. This paper proposes a new stochastic approach which is based on a combination of deductive and inductive methods whereby wireless sensors could determine their positions using WLAN technology inside a floor of a building. Our goal is to reduce the training phase in an indoor environment, but, without an loss of precision. Finally, we compare the measurements taken using our proposed method in a real environment with the measurements taken by other developed systems. Comparisons between the proposed system and other hybrid methods are also provided.

  3. A Hybrid Stochastic Approach for Self-Location of Wireless Sensors in Indoor Environments

    PubMed Central

    Lloret, Jaime; Tomas, Jesus; Garcia, Miguel; Canovas, Alejandro

    2009-01-01

    Indoor location systems, especially those using wireless sensor networks, are used in many application areas. While the need for these systems is widely proven, there is a clear lack of accuracy. Many of the implemented applications have high errors in their location estimation because of the issues arising in the indoor environment. Two different approaches had been proposed using WLAN location systems: on the one hand, the so-called deductive methods take into account the physical properties of signal propagation. These systems require a propagation model, an environment map, and the position of the radio-stations. On the other hand, the so-called inductive methods require a previous training phase where the system learns the received signal strength (RSS) in each location. This phase can be very time consuming. This paper proposes a new stochastic approach which is based on a combination of deductive and inductive methods whereby wireless sensors could determine their positions using WLAN technology inside a floor of a building. Our goal is to reduce the training phase in an indoor environment, but, without an loss of precision. Finally, we compare the measurements taken using our proposed method in a real environment with the measurements taken by other developed systems. Comparisons between the proposed system and other hybrid methods are also provided. PMID:22412334

  4. CASMI 2013: Identification of Small Molecules by Tandem Mass Spectrometry Combined with Database and Literature Mining

    PubMed Central

    Newsome, Andrew G.; Nikolic, Dejan

    2014-01-01

    The Critical Assessment of Small Molecule Identification (CASMI) contest was initiated in 2012 to evaluate manual and automated strategies for the identification of small molecules from raw mass spectrometric data. The authors participated in both category 1 (molecular formula determination) and category 2 (molecular structure determination) of the second annual CASMI contest (CASMI 2013) using slow but effective manual methods. The provided high resolution mass spectrometric data were interpreted manually using a combination of molecular formula calculators, fragment and neutral loss analysis, literature consultation, manual database searches, deductive logic, and experience. The authors submitted correct formulas as lead candidates for 16 of 16 challenges and submitted correct structure solutions as lead candidates for 14 of 16 challenges. One structure submission (Challenge 3) was very close but not exact (N2-acetylglutaminylisoleucinamide instead of the correct N2-acetylglutaminylleucinamide). A solution for one (Challenge 13) was not submitted due to an inability to reconcile the provided fragmentation pattern with any known structures with the provided molecular composition. PMID:26819877

  5. 20 CFR 404.1085 - Net operating loss deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Self-Employment Income § 404.1085 Net operating loss deduction. When determining your net earnings from self-employment...

  6. 20 CFR 404.1085 - Net operating loss deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Self-Employment Income § 404.1085 Net operating loss deduction. When determining your net earnings from self-employment...

  7. 20 CFR 404.1085 - Net operating loss deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Self-Employment Income § 404.1085 Net operating loss deduction. When determining your net earnings from self-employment...

  8. 20 CFR 404.1085 - Net operating loss deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Self-Employment Income § 404.1085 Net operating loss deduction. When determining your net earnings from self-employment...

  9. 20 CFR 404.1085 - Net operating loss deduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Self-Employment Income § 404.1085 Net operating loss deduction. When determining your net earnings from self-employment...

  10. American Macular Degeneration Foundation

    MedlinePlus

    ... 3) non-profit, publicly supported organization. Contributions are tax deductible to the extent allowed by law. Skip ... supported organization (Charity ID #04-3274007). Contributions are tax deductible to the extent allowed by law.

  11. The Impact of Need for Cognition and Self-Reference on Tutoring a Deductive Reasoning Skill

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-06-01

    The Impact of Need for Cognition and Self-Reference on Tutoring a Deductive Reasoning Skill by Anne M. Sinatra, Valerie K. Sims, and Robert A...Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 ARL-TR-6961 June 2014 The Impact of Need for Cognition and Self-Reference on Tutoring a...REPORT TYPE Final 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) NA 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE The Impact of Need for Cognition and Self-Reference on Tutoring a Deductive

  12. History and Medicine: ex voto as a tool for health and epidemiological surveillance.

    PubMed

    Nante, N; Azzolini, E; Troiano, G; Serafini, A; Gentile, A; Messina, G

    2016-01-01

    Ex voto is a donation for a divinity, a Saint or to Virgin Mary for a received mercy. From the analysis of an ex voto it's possible to obtain lots of information and therefore it can be used as a tool for health and epidemiological surveillance, to study morbidity in the past. The aim of this study was the creation of a database to rebuild epidemiological events and diseases, using ex voto as a source of health surveillance. We chose to study votive pictures using three types of sources: photographed alive, on-line archives, books and photographic collections. Ex voto have been saved in an Hard Disk, numbered and inserted in a database, then analyzed using Stata®. total of 6231 ex voto were collected and catalogued in our database. Ex voto referring to diseases are the most represented (41%), but they have decreased with the time. Road accidents (21.4%) have a constant increase, especially with the appearance of cars and motorcycles. Aggressions (5.45%) decrease constantly; warlike accidents (4.44%) had a peak in the period including both world wars; non professional accidents (10.60%) and accidents at work (3.79%) increase without peaks; maritime accidents (8.88%) have not uniform ups and downs during the time. The database let us rebuild epidemiological events of the past, which are not deductible from other sources. Our purpose is to expand in the space-time our source data in order to perform an interesting comparison between past and present.

  13. Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation

    MedlinePlus

    ... toward a cure! Become a Member Donate Your tax-deductible gift will help fund vital research leading ... a registered 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation (Tax ID #56-1784846). Donations are tax-deductible as ...

  14. Pseudo Random Stimulus Response of Combustion Systems.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-01-01

    is also 7 applicable to the coalescence/dispersion (C/D) micromixing model In the C/D model, micromixing is simulated by considering the reacting...the turbulent fluctuations on the local heat release rate. Thus the micromixing ’noise’ measurements will not be valid, however, deductions

  15. 41 CFR 302-17.4 - Exclusions from coverage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... deduct moving expenses for which a tax deduction is allowable under the Internal Revenue Code or... resulting from the payment of recruitment, retention, or relocation bonuses authorized by the Office of...

  16. Strategies for Daily Living

    MedlinePlus

    ... 20007 Donate DONATE Thank you for considering a tax-deductible contribution to NOFAS. A gift of any ... McLean, Virginia 22101. NOFAS can also accept the tax-deductible contribution of stocks and other financial securities. ...

  17. 17 CFR 240.15c3-1e - Deductions for market and credit risk for certain brokers or dealers (Appendix E to 17 CFR 240...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... apply; (D) As part of the internal risk management control system for the affiliate group, establish... risk management control system for the affiliate group that the ultimate holding company has... reports or to modify its group-wide internal risk management control procedures. If the Commission finds...

  18. The implications of episodic nonequilibrium fracture-matrix flow on site suitability and total system performance

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nitao, J.J.; Buscheck, T.A.; Chesnut, D.A.

    1992-04-01

    We apply our work on fracture- and matrix-dominated flow to develop a conceptual model of hydrological flow processes in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain. The possibility of fracture-dominated flow is discussed, and various deductions are made on its impact on natural and total system performance, site characterization activities, and site suitability determination.

  19. Collective Bargaining Agreement between Montana University System and the Northern Montana College Federation of Teachers, July 1, 1985-June 30, 1987.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Montana Univ. System, Helena.

    The collective bargaining agreement between Montana University System and the Northern Montana College Federation of Teachers, an affiliate of the National Education Association, covering the period July 1, 1985-June 30, 1987, is presented. Items covered in the agreement include: unit recognition, dues deduction, access to information, use of…

  20. A genetic code Boolean structure. II. The genetic information system as a Boolean information system.

    PubMed

    Sanchez, Robersy; Grau, Ricardo

    2005-09-01

    A Boolean structure of the genetic code where Boolean deductions have biological and physicochemical meanings was discussed in a previous paper. Now, from these Boolean deductions we propose to define the value of amino acid information in order to consider the genetic information system as a communication system and to introduce the semantic content of information ignored by the conventional information theory. In this proposal, the value of amino acid information is proportional to the molecular weight of amino acids with a proportional constant of about 1.96 x 10(25) bits per kg. In addition to this, for the experimental estimations of the minimum energy dissipation in genetic logic operations, we present two postulates: (1) the energy Ei (i=1,2,...,20) of amino acids in the messages conveyed by proteins is proportional to the value of information, and (2) amino acids are distributed according to their energy Ei so the amino acid population in proteins follows a Boltzmann distribution. Specifically, in the genetic message carried by the DNA from the genomes of living organisms, we found that the minimum energy dissipation in genetic logic operations was close to kTLn(2) joules per bit.

  1. 77 FR 1642 - Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations: Income Deductions and Resource Eligibility

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-11

    ... individual's or group's race, color, national origin, sex, age, political beliefs, religious creed, or... and blindness recipient are not eligible to receive this deduction; however, persons receiving...

  2. 26 CFR 20.2053-6 - Deduction for taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... (3) effect distribution. Excise taxes incurred in distributing property of the estate in kind are.... If D's estate had claimed a deduction of $50x on D's United States Estate (and Generation-Skipping...

  3. 26 CFR 20.2053-6 - Deduction for taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... (3) effect distribution. Excise taxes incurred in distributing property of the estate in kind are.... If D's estate had claimed a deduction of $50x on D's United States Estate (and Generation-Skipping...

  4. 26 CFR 20.2053-6 - Deduction for taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... (3) effect distribution. Excise taxes incurred in distributing property of the estate in kind are.... If D's estate had claimed a deduction of $50x on D's United States Estate (and Generation-Skipping...

  5. 26 CFR 20.2053-6 - Deduction for taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... (3) effect distribution. Excise taxes incurred in distributing property of the estate in kind are.... If D's estate had claimed a deduction of $50x on D's United States Estate (and Generation-Skipping...

  6. Are there reasons to challenge a symbolic computationalist approach in explaining deductive reasoning?

    PubMed

    Faiciuc, Lucia E

    2008-06-01

    The majority of the existing theories explaining deductive reasoning could be included in a classic computationalist approach of the cognitive processes. In fact, deductive reasoning could be seen to be the pinnacle of the symbolic computationalism, its last fortress to be defended in the face of new, dynamic, and ecological perspectives over cognition. But are there weak points in that position regarding deductive reasoning? What would be the reasons for which new perspectives could gain in credibility? What could be their most important tenets? The answers given to those questions in the paper include two main points. The first one is that the present empirical data could not sustain unambiguously one view over the other, that they are obtained in artificial experimental conditions, and that there are data that are not easily explainable using the traditional computationalist paradigm. The second one is that approaching the deductive reasoning from dynamic and ecological perspectives could have significant advantages. The most obvious one is the possibility to integrate more easily the research regarding the deductive reasoning with the results obtained in other domains of the psychology (especially in what respects the lower cognitive processes), in artificial intelligence or in neurophysiology. The reasons for that would be that such perspectives, as they are sketched in the paper, would imply, essentially, processes of second-order pattern formation and recognition (as it is the case for perception), embodied cognition, and dynamic processes as the brain ones are.

  7. 48 CFR 32.503-8 - Liquidation rates-ordinary method.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... method. 32.503-8 Section 32.503-8 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION... rates—ordinary method. The Government recoups progress payments through the deduction of liquidations... price of contract items delivered and accepted. The ordinary method is that the liquidation rate is the...

  8. 48 CFR 32.503-8 - Liquidation rates-ordinary method.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... method. 32.503-8 Section 32.503-8 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION... rates—ordinary method. The Government recoups progress payments through the deduction of liquidations... price of contract items delivered and accepted. The ordinary method is that the liquidation rate is the...

  9. Tuition Tax Credits. Issuegram 19.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Augenblick, John; McGuire, Kent

    Approaches for using the federal income tax system to aid families of pupils attending private schools include: tax credits, tax deductions, tax deferrals, and education savings incentives. Tax credit structures can be made refundable and made sensitive to taxpayers' income levels, the level of education expenditures, and designated costs.…

  10. 47 CFR 76.942 - Refunds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... franchising authority must return to the cable operator an amount equal to that portion of the franchise fee... return the franchise fee overcharge either in an immediate lump sum payment, or the cable operator may deduct it from the cable system's future franchise fee payments. The franchising authority has the...

  11. 47 CFR 76.942 - Refunds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... franchising authority must return to the cable operator an amount equal to that portion of the franchise fee... return the franchise fee overcharge either in an immediate lump sum payment, or the cable operator may deduct it from the cable system's future franchise fee payments. The franchising authority has the...

  12. 47 CFR 76.942 - Refunds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... franchising authority must return to the cable operator an amount equal to that portion of the franchise fee... return the franchise fee overcharge either in an immediate lump sum payment, or the cable operator may deduct it from the cable system's future franchise fee payments. The franchising authority has the...

  13. 47 CFR 76.942 - Refunds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... franchising authority must return to the cable operator an amount equal to that portion of the franchise fee... return the franchise fee overcharge either in an immediate lump sum payment, or the cable operator may deduct it from the cable system's future franchise fee payments. The franchising authority has the...

  14. 47 CFR 76.942 - Refunds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... franchising authority must return to the cable operator an amount equal to that portion of the franchise fee... return the franchise fee overcharge either in an immediate lump sum payment, or the cable operator may deduct it from the cable system's future franchise fee payments. The franchising authority has the...

  15. 76 FR 59389 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-26

    ... balances and leave history. Deductions from Pay: Tax information (Federal, state and local) based on... data bases via the Enterprise Information Web (EIW). AF-IPPS will also allow Air Force Manpower and... duties related to approved research projects, and for processing and adjudicating claims, determining...

  16. Cultivating Deductive Thinking with Angle Chasing

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Edwards, Michael todd; Quinlan, James; Harper, Suzanne R.; Cox, Dana C.; Phelps, Steve

    2014-01-01

    Despite Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSI 2010) recommendations, too often students' introduction to proof consists of the study of formal axiomatic systems--for example, triangle congruence proofs--typically in an introductory geometry course with no connection back to previous work in earlier algebra courses. Van Hiele…

  17. Children and Religion

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ogryzko, I. I.

    1971-01-01

    The nature of the Soviet system of atheistic indoctrination is elaborated as an organic part of the entire process of teaching and upbringing, taught in all grades, in all subjects, and in all extracurricular and extra-school work. It is based on scientific criticism of religion, deduction, interdisciplinary study, militant student participation…

  18. No wisdom in the crowd: genome annotation in the era of big data - current status and future prospects.

    PubMed

    Danchin, Antoine; Ouzounis, Christos; Tokuyasu, Taku; Zucker, Jean-Daniel

    2018-07-01

    Science and engineering rely on the accumulation and dissemination of knowledge to make discoveries and create new designs. Discovery-driven genome research rests on knowledge passed on via gene annotations. In response to the deluge of sequencing big data, standard annotation practice employs automated procedures that rely on majority rules. We argue this hinders progress through the generation and propagation of errors, leading investigators into blind alleys. More subtly, this inductive process discourages the discovery of novelty, which remains essential in biological research and reflects the nature of biology itself. Annotation systems, rather than being repositories of facts, should be tools that support multiple modes of inference. By combining deduction, induction and abduction, investigators can generate hypotheses when accurate knowledge is extracted from model databases. A key stance is to depart from 'the sequence tells the structure tells the function' fallacy, placing function first. We illustrate our approach with examples of critical or unexpected pathways, using MicroScope to demonstrate how tools can be implemented following the principles we advocate. We end with a challenge to the reader. © 2018 The Authors. Microbial Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Society for Applied Microbiology.

  19. 26 CFR 1.3-1 - Application of optional tax.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    .... Tables XVI through XXX apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1970. The standard deduction... deduction for Tables XVI through XXX, applicable to taxable years beginning in 1971, is 13 percent. For an...

  20. 26 CFR 1.3-1 - Application of optional tax.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    .... Tables XVI through XXX apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1970. The standard deduction... deduction for Tables XVI through XXX, applicable to taxable years beginning in 1971, is 13 percent. For an...

  1. 26 CFR 1.3-1 - Application of optional tax.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    .... Tables XVI through XXX apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1970. The standard deduction... deduction for Tables XVI through XXX, applicable to taxable years beginning in 1971, is 13 percent. For an...

  2. 26 CFR 1.3-1 - Application of optional tax.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    .... Tables XVI through XXX apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1970. The standard deduction... deduction for Tables XVI through XXX, applicable to taxable years beginning in 1971, is 13 percent. For an...

  3. 26 CFR 1.9000-4 - Form and content of statement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... and information required on page 3 of Schedule C, Form 1040. (b) Procedure for recomputing tax... deferred under section 452 and the amount of the deduction taken under section 462. Other deductions or...

  4. 26 CFR 1.9000-4 - Form and content of statement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... and information required on page 3 of Schedule C, Form 1040. (b) Procedure for recomputing tax... deferred under section 452 and the amount of the deduction taken under section 462. Other deductions or...

  5. 26 CFR 1.9000-4 - Form and content of statement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... and information required on page 3 of Schedule C, Form 1040. (b) Procedure for recomputing tax... deferred under section 452 and the amount of the deduction taken under section 462. Other deductions or...

  6. 26 CFR 1.651(b)-1 - Deduction for distributions to beneficiaries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Deduction for distributions to beneficiaries. In computing its taxable income, a simple trust is allowed a...), relating to tax-exempt interest, foreign income, and excluded dividends. For example: Assume that the...

  7. 26 CFR 1.3-1 - Application of optional tax.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    .... Tables XVI through XXX apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1970. The standard deduction... deduction for Tables XVI through XXX, applicable to taxable years beginning in 1971, is 13 percent. For an...

  8. 26 CFR 1.163-1 - Interest deduction in general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... shall be deductible only to the extent that the payment constitutes a proper business expense. Amounts... account of capital or surplus invested in the business which does not represent a charge arising under an...

  9. Pattern formation, logistics, and maximum path probability

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kirkaldy, J. S.

    1985-05-01

    The concept of pattern formation, which to current researchers is a synonym for self-organization, carries the connotation of deductive logic together with the process of spontaneous inference. Defining a pattern as an equivalence relation on a set of thermodynamic objects, we establish that a large class of irreversible pattern-forming systems, evolving along idealized quasisteady paths, approaches the stable steady state as a mapping upon the formal deductive imperatives of a propositional function calculus. In the preamble the classical reversible thermodynamics of composite systems is analyzed as an externally manipulated system of space partitioning and classification based on ideal enclosures and diaphragms. The diaphragms have discrete classification capabilities which are designated in relation to conserved quantities by descriptors such as impervious, diathermal, and adiabatic. Differentiability in the continuum thermodynamic calculus is invoked as equivalent to analyticity and consistency in the underlying class or sentential calculus. The seat of inference, however, rests with the thermodynamicist. In the transition to an irreversible pattern-forming system the defined nature of the composite reservoirs remains, but a given diaphragm is replaced by a pattern-forming system which by its nature is a spontaneously evolving volume partitioner and classifier of invariants. The seat of volition or inference for the classification system is thus transferred from the experimenter or theoretician to the diaphragm, and with it the full deductive facility. The equivalence relations or partitions associated with the emerging patterns may thus be associated with theorems of the natural pattern-forming calculus. The entropy function, together with its derivatives, is the vehicle which relates the logistics of reservoirs and diaphragms to the analog logistics of the continuum. Maximum path probability or second-order differentiability of the entropy in isolation are sufficiently strong interpretations of the second law of thermodynamics to define the approach to and the nature of patterned stable steady states. For many pattern-forming systems these principles define quantifiable stable states as maxima or minima (or both) in the dissipation. An elementary statistical-mechanical proof is offered. To turn the argument full circle, the transformations of the partitions and classes which are predicated upon such minimax entropic paths can through digital modeling be directly identified with the syntactic and inferential elements of deductive logic. It follows therefore that all self-organizing or pattern-forming systems which possess stable steady states approach these states according to the imperatives of formal logic, the optimum pattern with its rich endowment of equivalence relations representing the central theorem of the associated calculus. Logic is thus ``the stuff of the universe,'' and biological evolution with its culmination in the human brain is the most significant example of all the irreversible pattern-forming processes. We thus conclude with a few remarks on the relevance of the contribution to the theory of evolution and to research on artificial intelligence.

  10. Only time will tell: the changing relationships between LMX, job performance, and justice.

    PubMed

    Park, Sanghee; Sturman, Michael C; Vanderpool, Chelsea; Chan, Elisa

    2015-05-01

    Although it has been argued that leader-member exchange (LMX) is a phenomenon that develops over time, the existing LMX literature is largely cross-sectional in nature. Yet, there is a great need for unraveling how LMX develops over time. To address this issue in the LMX literature, we examine the relationships of LMX with 2 variables known for changing over time: job performance and justice perceptions. On the basis of current empirical findings, a simulation deductively shows that LMX develops over time, but differently in early stages versus more mature stages. Our findings also indicate that performance and justice trends affect LMX. Implications for LMX theory and for longitudinal research on LMX, performance, and justice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

  11. 7 CFR 718.109 - Deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... requirement; or (3) For all other crops and land uses—one-tenth (.10) acre. Turn areas, terraces, permanent... deduction of 3 percent of the area devoted to a row crop and zero percent of the area devoted to a close...

  12. Is It Deductible? Sound Tax Advice for Board Members.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Spence, Robert W.; Dakan, T. Teal

    1982-01-01

    Discusses school board members' expenses that may be tax deductible, including newsletter funds and such business expenses as those for travel, telephone calls, organizational dues, professional publications, cards, gifts, entertainment, and a home office. (JM)

  13. Premium growth and its effect on employer-sponsored insurance.

    PubMed

    Vistnes, Jessica; Selden, Thomas

    2011-03-01

    We use variation in premium inflation and general inflation across geographic areas to identify the effects of downward nominal wage rigidity on employers' health insurance decisions. Using employer level data from the 2000 to 2005 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, we examine the effect of premium growth on the likelihood that an employer offers insurance, eligibility rates among employees, continuous measures of employee premium contributions for both single and family coverage, and deductibles. We find that small, low-wage employers are less likely to offer health insurance in response to increased premium inflation, and if they do offer coverage they increase employee contributions and deductible levels. In contrast, larger, low-wage employers maintain their offers of coverage, but reduce eligibility for such coverage. They also increase employee contributions for single and family coverage, but not deductibles. Among high-wage employers, all but the largest increase deductibles in response to cost pressures.

  14. Reasoning and autobiographical memory for personality.

    PubMed

    Fumero, Ascensión; Santamaría, Carlos; Johnson-Laird, P N

    2010-01-01

    Certain problems are ambiguous and allow deductive or inductive conclusions, for example, If you follow this diet then you lose weight. Ann did not lose weight. Why not? Conscientious individuals who are less open to experience should focus on possibilities consistent with the premises, and make a deduction: Ann did not follow this diet. But, those who are open to experience and not conscientious should go beyond these possibilities, and make an induction, for example, Ann gave up exercising. In an experiment, a group who recalled autobiographical episodes in which they were conscientious and not open to experience made more deductions than a group who recalled episodes in which they had the opposite characteristics. A control group made about equal proportions of deductions and inductions. These results were predicted by the theory that reasoners envisage possibilities, and can focus on those possibilities consistent with the premises or on possibilities outside the premises.

  15. Investigating Primary School Mathematics Teachers’ Deductive Reasoning Ability through Varignon’s Theorem

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jupri, A.

    2017-09-01

    The responsibility to promote the growth of deductive reasoning ability of school students through learning mathematics is in the hand of mathematics teachers and particularly primary school mathematics teachers. However, how we can make sure whether teachers are able to do so. To investigate this issue, we conducted a three-step of an exploratory survey study. First, we designed tasks from the Varignon’s theorem. Second, we administered an individual written test involving twenty master students of primary education program, in which they are prospective of and primary school mathematics teachers. Finally, we address the results in the light of Van Hiele theory. The results showed that participated students lack of deductive reasoning ability in the context of geometry. For further research, we wonder whether the designed tasks are also applicable to assess student deductive reasoning ability if the students have acquired appropriate teaching.

  16. Competency Based Teacher Education Component. Curriculum Methods and Materials, Elementary Mathematics and Social Studies.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Woodworth, William D.

    Four mathematical/social studies module clusters are presented in an effort to develop proficiency in instruction and in inductive and deductive teaching procedures. Modules within the first cluster concern systems of numeration, set operations, numbers, measurement, geometry, mathematics, and reasoning. The second mathematical cluster presents…

  17. 78 FR 77719 - Privacy Act of 1974; Privacy Act System of Records

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-24

    ..., leave and payroll deduction information; and job performance and personnel actions. For civil servants... report previous job injuries to worker's compensation organizations; (6) for person to notify in an...-electronic records are secured in locked rooms or files. RETENTION AND DISPOSAL: Records are maintained in...

  18. Toward a Unified Componential Theory of Human Reasoning. Technical Report No. 4.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sternberg, Robert J.

    The unified theory described in this paper characterizes human reasoning as an information processing system with a hierarchical sequence of components and subtheories that account for performance on successively narrower tasks. Both deductive and inductive theories are subsumed in the unified componential theory, including transitive chain theory…

  19. An Insurance Crisis Looms--Again.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Henke, Cliff

    1993-01-01

    The insurance industry has experienced a round of claims costs as a result of recent natural disasters. These costs are passed on to customers. To avoid higher premiums, student-transportation systems can take the following money-saving steps: raise the deductible; beef up driver training; focus on driver retention; and get the fleet's loss…

  20. 47 CFR 76.961 - Refunds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... franchising authority must return to the cable operator an amount equal to that portion of the franchise fee... the franchise fee overcharge either in an immediate lump sum payment, or the cable operator may deduct it from the cable system's future franchise fee payments. [58 FR 29753, May 21, 1993, as amended at...

  1. 76 FR 35195 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-16

    ... Pay: Tax information (federal, state and local) based on withholding options, payroll deductions...). AF-IPPS will also allow Air Force Manpower and Personnel office to be aligned with the Air Force's... Veterans Affairs in the performance of their official duties related to approved research projects, and for...

  2. 32 CFR 1697.8 - Procedures for salary offset.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Procedures for salary offset. 1697.8 Section 1697.8 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM SALARY OFFSET § 1697.8 Procedures for salary offset. (a) Deductions to liquidate an employee's debt will be by...

  3. 40 CFR 96.54 - Compliance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Compliance. 96.54 Section 96.54... Tracking System § 96.54 Compliance. (a) NO X allowance transfer deadline. The NOX allowances are available to be deducted for compliance with a unit's NOX Budget emissions limitation for a control period in a...

  4. 40 CFR 96.54 - Compliance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Compliance. 96.54 Section 96.54... Tracking System § 96.54 Compliance. (a) NO X allowance transfer deadline. The NOX allowances are available to be deducted for compliance with a unit's NOX Budget emissions limitation for a control period in a...

  5. Fault Tree Handbook

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-01-01

    are applied to determine what system states (usually failed states) are possible; deductive methods are applied to determine how a given system state...Similar considerations apply to the single failures of CVA, BVB and CVB and this important additional information has been displayed in the principal...way. The point "maximum tolerable failure" corresponds to the survival point of the company building the aircraft. Above that point, only intolerable

  6. Energy Savings Modeling and Inspection Guidelines for Commercial Building Federal Tax Deductions for Buildings in 2016 and Later

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Deru, Michael; Field-Macumber, Kristin

    This document provides guidance for modeling and inspecting energy-efficient property in commercial buildings for certification of the energy and power cost savings related to Section 179D of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) enacted in Section 1331 of the 2005 Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005, noted in Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Notices 2006-52 (IRS 2006), 2008-40 (IRS 2008) and 2012-26 (IRS 2012), and updated by the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act of 2015. Specifically, Section 179D provides federal tax deductions for energy-efficient property related to a commercial building's envelope; interior lighting; heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC); andmore » service hot water (SHW) systems. This document applies to buildings placed in service on or after January 1, 2016.« less

  7. Health savings accounts--a revolutionary method of funding medical care expenses.

    PubMed

    Knox, George Con

    2004-10-01

    Health Savings Accounts coupled with a High-Deductible Health Care plan offer many eligible individuals the opportunity to reduce their insurance premiums and create a tax-deductible account to pay medical, dental, and vision care expenses.

  8. 12 CFR 325.5 - Miscellaneous.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... assets arising from deductible temporary differences that exceed the amount of taxes previously paid that could be recovered through loss carrybacks if existing temporary differences (both deductible and.... (ii) For purposes of this limitation, all existing temporary differences should be assumed to fully...

  9. 12 CFR 325.5 - Miscellaneous.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... assets arising from deductible temporary differences that exceed the amount of taxes previously paid that could be recovered through loss carrybacks if existing temporary differences (both deductible and.... (ii) For purposes of this limitation, all existing temporary differences should be assumed to fully...

  10. 76 FR 2712 - Sara Lee Corporation, Master Data, Cash Applications, Deductions, Collections, Call Center...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-14

    ... Center, Information Technology, Accounts Payable, General Accounts, Financial Accounting, Payroll, and... Corporation, Master Data, Cash Applications, Deductions, Collections, Call Center, Information Technology, Accounts Payable, General Accounts, Financial Accounts, Payroll, and Employee Master Data Departments...

  11. 75 FR 42831 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 1065, Schedule C, Schedule D, Schedule K-1...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-22

    ... Income, Credits, Deductions and Other Items), Schedule L (Balance Sheets per Books), Schedule M-1..., Deductions, etc. (Schedule K-1), Balance Sheets per Books (Schedule L), Reconciliation of Income (Loss) per...

  12. 50 CFR 80.122 - May an agency deduct the costs of generating program income from gross income?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (CONTINUED) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE-WILDLIFE SPORT FISH... SPORT FISH RESTORATION ACTS Program Income § 80.122 May an agency deduct the costs of generating program...

  13. Teacher Tax Tips.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Freeman, Paul

    1979-01-01

    Discusses income tax deductions for vocational agriculture teachers for expenses incurred through automobiles used for school business, course work expenses, professional dues, classroom supplies, books, cost of bus driving license, liability insurance, and special clothing. A specific example for claiming the deductions on an automobile is…

  14. Annual Income Tax Guide.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Keener, Sandra C.

    1992-01-01

    This annual guide to income tax for parents of children with disabilities covers organizing records; avoiding audits; deducting medical expenses; and considering the impact of recent changes in medical expenses, Social Security numbers for children, child care, earned income credit, and deduction for dependents. (DB)

  15. 25 CFR 20.311 - What amounts will the Bureau deduct from earned income?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... physically able to care for the children; and (6) The cost of special clothing, tools, and equipment directly... deduct the costs of conducting business and all of the amounts in paragraph (a) of this section. ...

  16. 25 CFR 20.311 - What amounts will the Bureau deduct from earned income?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... physically able to care for the children; and (6) The cost of special clothing, tools, and equipment directly... deduct the costs of conducting business and all of the amounts in paragraph (a) of this section. ...

  17. Allchin's Shoehorn, or Why Science Is Hypothetico-Deductive.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lawson, Anton E.

    2003-01-01

    Criticizes Allchin's article about Lawson's analysis of Galileo's discovery of Jupiter's moons. Suggests that a careful analysis of the way humans spontaneously process information and reason supports a general hypothetico-deductive theory of human information processing, reasoning, and scientific discovery. (SOE)

  18. Report to the Congress on the use of tax deductions for donations of conservations easements

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1987-12-01

    This report was mandated by Congress as part of the Temporary Tax Provisions Extension Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-541). The major findings of the study are: (1) Tax deductions for easement donations will tend to be a desirable policy option; (2) There appear to be substantial difficulties involved in valuing, monitoring, and enforcing easement donations; (3) The possibility of replacing deductibility with some other policy to encourage preservation is also considered; and (4) The IRS collected and analyzed data from three years of tax returns of both donors and recipients of conservation easements.

  19. The interplay of deductive and inductive reasoning in psychoanalytic theorizing.

    PubMed

    Hanly, Charles

    2014-10-01

    Deductive and inductive reasoning both played an essential part in Freud's construction of psychoanalysis. In this paper, the author explores the happy marriage of empiricism and rationalism in Freud's use of deductive reasoning in the construction of psychoanalytic theory. To do this, the author considers three major amendments Freud made to his theory: (i) infant and childhood sexuality, (ii) the structural theory, and (iii) the theory of signal anxiety. Ultimately, the author argues for, and presents Freud as a proponent of, the epistemological position that he calls critical realism. © 2014 The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, Inc.

  20. Student Teachers’ Proof Schemes on Proof Tasks Involving Inequality: Deductive or Inductive?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rosyidi, A. H.; Kohar, A. W.

    2018-01-01

    Exploring student teachers’ proof ability is crucial as it is important for improving the quality of their learning process and help their future students learn how to construct a proof. Hence, this study aims at exploring at the proof schemes of student teachers in the beginning of their studies. Data were collected from 130 proofs resulted by 65 Indonesian student teachers on two proof tasks involving algebraic inequality. To analyse, the proofs were classified into the refined proof schemes level proposed by Lee (2016) ranging from inductive, which only provides irrelevant inferences, to deductive proofs, which consider addressing formal representation. Findings present several examples of each of Lee’s level on the student teachers’ proofs spanning from irrelevant inferences, novice use of examples or logical reasoning, strategic use examples for reasoning, deductive inferences with major and minor logical coherence, and deductive proof with informal and formal representation. Besides, it was also found that more than half of the students’ proofs coded as inductive schemes, which does not meet the requirement for doing the proof for the proof tasks examined in this study. This study suggests teacher educators in teacher colleges to reform the curriculum regarding proof learning which can accommodate the improvement of student teachers’ proving ability from inductive to deductive proof as well from informal to formal proof.

  1. Impact of drug cost sharing on service use and adverse clinical outcomes in elderly receiving antidepressants.

    PubMed

    Wang, Philip S; Patrick, Amanda R; Dormuth, Colin; Maclure, Malcolm; Avorn, Jerry; Canning, Claire F; Schneeweiss, Sebastian

    2010-03-01

    Depression imposes enormous burdens on the elderly. Despite this, rates of initiation of and adherence to recommended pharmacotherapy are frequently low in this population. Although initiatives such as the Medicare Modernization Act (MMA) have improved seniors' access to antidepressants, there are concerns that the patient cost-sharing incorporated in the MMA may have unintended consequences if it reduces essential drug use. Age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes could make seniors particularly vulnerable to antidepressant regimens used inappropriately to save costs, increasing their risks of morbidity, hospitalizations, and nursing home placements. Two sequential large-scale "natural experiments'' in British Columbia provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the effect of cost sharing on outcomes and mental health service use among seniors. In January 2002 the province introduced a CAD 25 copay (CAD10 for low-income seniors). In May 2003 this copay policy was replaced by a second policy consisting of an income-based deductible, 25% coinsurance once the deductible was met, and full coverage once an out-of-pocket ceiling was met. The transition between the two policies is analogous to what many U.S. seniors experience when they transition from private insurance requiring copays to Medicare Part D requiring deductibles and coinsurance. To evaluate whether declines in antidepressant initiation after the introduction of two drug cost-sharing policies in British Columbia were associated with increased use of physician services, hospitalizations, and nursing home admissions among all British Columbia residents aged 65+. Records of physician service use, inpatient hospitalizations, and residential care admissions were obtained from administrative databases. Population-level patterns over time were plotted, and effects of implementing the cost-sharing policies examined in segmented linear regression models. Neither policy affected the rates of visits to physicians or psychiatrists for depression, hospitalizations with a depression diagnosis, or long-term care admissions. The cost-sharing policies studied may have contained non-essential antidepressant use without substantially increasing mental health service utilization. However, it is possible that the policies had effects that we were unable to detect, such as increasing rates of visits to social workers or psychologists or forcing patients to reduce other spending. Further, the sequential implementation of the policy changes, makes it difficult to estimate the effect of a direct change from full coverage to a coinsurance/income-based deductible policy. It may be possible to design policies to contain non-essential antidepressant use without substantially increasing other service utilization or adverse events. However, because undertreatment remains a serious problem among depressed elderly, well-designed prescription drug policies should be coupled with interventions to address under-treatment.

  2. Impact of Drug Cost Sharing on Service Use and Adverse Clinical Outcomes In Elderly Receiving Antidepressants

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Philip S.; Patrick, Amanda R.; Dormuth, Colin; Maclure, Malcolm; Avorn, Jerry; Canning, Claire F.; Schneeweiss, Sebastian

    2010-01-01

    Background Depression imposes enormous burdens on the elderly. Despite this, rates of initiation of and adherence to recommended pharmacotherapy are frequently low in this population. Although initiatives such as the Medicare Modernization Act (MMA) in have improved seniors' access to antidepressants, there are concerns that the patient cost-sharing incorporated in the MMA may have unintended consequences if it reduces essential drug use. Age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes could make seniors particularly vulnerable to antidepressant regimens used inappropriately to save costs, increasing their risks of morbidity, hospitalizations, and nursing home placements. Two sequential large-scale “natural experiments” in British Columbia provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the effect of cost sharing on outcomes and mental health service use among seniors. In January 2002 the province introduced a $25 Canadian copay ($10 for low-income seniors). In May 2003 this copay policy was replaced by a second policy consisting of an income-based deductible, 25% coinsurance once the deductible was met, and full coverage once an out-of-pocket ceiling was met. The transition between the two policies is analogous to what many U.S. seniors experience when they transition from private insurance requiring copays to Medicare Part D requiring deductibles and coinsurance. Aims To evaluate whether declines in antidepressant initiation after the introduction of two drug cost-sharing policies in British Columbia were associated with increased use of physician services, hospitalizations, and nursing home admissions among all British Columbia residents aged 65+. Methods Records of physician service use, inpatient hospitalizations, and residential care admissions were obtained from administrative databases. Population-level patterns over time were plotted, and effects of implementing the cost-sharing policies examined in segmented linear regression models. Results Neither policy affected the rates of visits to physicians or psychiatrists for depression, hospitalizations with a depression diagnosis, or long-term care admissions. Discussion The cost-sharing policies studied may have contained non-essential antidepressant use without substantially increasing mental health service utilization. However, it is possible that the policies had effects that we were unable to detect, such as increasing rates of visits to social workers or psychologists or forcing patients to reduce other spending. Further, the sequential implementation of the policy changes, makes it difficult to estimate the effect of a direct change from full coverage to a coinsurance/income-based deductible policy. Implications for Health Policies It may be possible to design policies to contain non-essential antidepressant use without substantially increasing other service utilization or adverse events. However, because undertreatment remains a serious problem among depressed elderly, well-designed prescription drug policies should be coupled with interventions to address under-treatment. PMID:20571181

  3. Contribution retribution. Health system, CEO must pay excise taxes after pressuring workers to help fund state association's PAC through payroll deductions.

    PubMed

    Taylor, Mark

    2004-11-22

    The IRS wants not-for-profit health systems to remember to keep their distance from politics--it's taxing the payroll contributions at one system that went to a state hospital association's PAC. Kenneth Robbins, left, says hospitals should always be conscious of activities that could jeopardize their tax-exempt status. "It's an issue we've been concerned with as long as I can remember," he says.

  4. A syllogistic system generated by the Aristotelian approach and the modern approach as an hyperincursive system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Grappone, Arturo G.; Malatesta, Michele

    2001-06-01

    This paper proves that the syllogism set is transformed in an hyperincursive system which is composed of a sole hyperincursive set by using the Aristotelian rules to deduce syllogisms among them and a deduction new rule which is proposed in this paper. An important consequence of this result is that every syllogism deduces all the possible syllogisms. Part One was written by Michele Malatesta and Part Two by Arturo Graziano Grappone.

  5. Deductive Verification of Cryptographic Software

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Almeida, Jose Barcelar; Barbosa, Manuel; Pinto, Jorge Sousa; Vieira, Barbara

    2009-01-01

    We report on the application of an off-the-shelf verification platform to the RC4 stream cipher cryptographic software implementation (as available in the openSSL library), and introduce a deductive verification technique based on self-composition for proving the absence of error propagation.

  6. 7 CFR 1124.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1124.86 Section 1124.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

  7. 7 CFR 1033.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1033.86 Section 1033.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE MIDEAST MARKETING...

  8. 7 CFR 1000.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1000.86 Section 1000.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL PROVISIONS OF FEDERAL...

  9. 7 CFR 1030.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1030.86 Section 1030.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE UPPER MIDWEST...

  10. 7 CFR 1131.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1131.86 Section 1131.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE ARIZONA MARKETING...

  11. 7 CFR 1032.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1032.86 Section 1032.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE CENTRAL MARKETING...

  12. 7 CFR 1005.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1005.86 Section 1005.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE APPALACHIAN...

  13. 7 CFR 1007.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1007.86 Section 1007.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE SOUTHEAST MARKETING...

  14. 7 CFR 1030.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1030.86 Section 1030.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE UPPER MIDWEST...

  15. 7 CFR 1124.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1124.86 Section 1124.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

  16. 7 CFR 1007.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1007.86 Section 1007.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE SOUTHEAST MARKETING...

  17. 7 CFR 1000.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1000.86 Section 1000.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL PROVISIONS OF FEDERAL...

  18. 7 CFR 1032.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1032.86 Section 1032.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE CENTRAL MARKETING...

  19. 7 CFR 1000.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1000.86 Section 1000.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL PROVISIONS OF FEDERAL...

  20. 7 CFR 1032.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1032.86 Section 1032.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE CENTRAL MARKETING...

  1. 7 CFR 1032.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1032.86 Section 1032.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE CENTRAL MARKETING...

  2. 7 CFR 1001.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1001.86 Section 1001.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE NORTHEAST MARKETING...

  3. 7 CFR 1033.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1033.86 Section 1033.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE MIDEAST MARKETING...

  4. 7 CFR 1126.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1126.86 Section 1126.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE SOUTHWEST MARKETING...

  5. 7 CFR 1033.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1033.86 Section 1033.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE MIDEAST MARKETING...

  6. 7 CFR 1006.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1006.86 Section 1006.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE FLORIDA MARKETING...

  7. 7 CFR 1030.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1030.86 Section 1030.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE UPPER MIDWEST...

  8. 7 CFR 1124.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1124.86 Section 1124.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

  9. 7 CFR 1126.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1126.86 Section 1126.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE SOUTHWEST MARKETING...

  10. 7 CFR 1001.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1001.86 Section 1001.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE NORTHEAST MARKETING...

  11. 7 CFR 1007.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1007.86 Section 1007.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE SOUTHEAST MARKETING...

  12. 7 CFR 1006.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1006.86 Section 1006.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE FLORIDA MARKETING...

  13. 7 CFR 1030.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1030.86 Section 1030.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE UPPER MIDWEST...

  14. 7 CFR 1005.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1005.86 Section 1005.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE APPALACHIAN...

  15. 7 CFR 1126.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1126.86 Section 1126.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE SOUTHWEST MARKETING...

  16. 7 CFR 1005.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1005.86 Section 1005.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MILK), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE APPALACHIAN...

  17. 7 CFR 1000.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1000.86 Section 1000.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL PROVISIONS OF FEDERAL...

  18. 7 CFR 1000.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1000.86 Section 1000.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL PROVISIONS OF FEDERAL...

  19. 7 CFR 1131.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deduction for marketing services. 1131.86 Section 1131.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE ARIZONA MARKETING...

  20. 7 CFR 1131.86 - Deduction for marketing services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Deduction for marketing services. 1131.86 Section 1131.86 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MILK IN THE ARIZONA MARKETING...

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