Were the original eubacteria thermophiles?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Achenbach-Richter, L.; Gupta, R.; Stetter, K. O.; Woese, C. R.; Johnson, P. C. (Principal Investigator)

1987-01-01

Thermotoga maritima is one of the more unusual eubacteria: It is highly thermophilic, growing at temperatures higher than any other eubacterium; its cell wall appears to have a unique structure and its lipids a unique composition; and the organism is surrounded by a loose-fitting sheath of unknown function. Its phenotypic uniqueness is matched by its phylogenetic position; Thermotoga maritima represents the deepest known branching in the eubacterial line of descent, as measured by ribosomal RNA sequence comparisons. T. maritima also represents the most slowly evolving of eubacterial lineages. The fact that the two deepest branchings in the eubacterial line of descent (the other, the green non-sulfur bacteria and relatives, i.e. Chloroflexus, Thermomicrobium, etc.) are both basically thermophilic and slowly evolving, strongly suggests that all eubacteria have ultimately arisen from a thermophilic ancestor.

46 CFR 169.317 - Accommodations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... of the stem. The space must not be located totally below the deepest load waterline. (b) Bulkheads separating accommodations from machinery spaces, paint lockers, storerooms, washrooms, and toilet facilities... and Arrangement Living Spaces § 169.317 Accommodations. (a) Quarters must have sufficient fresh air...

46 CFR 169.317 - Accommodations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... of the stem. The space must not be located totally below the deepest load waterline. (b) Bulkheads separating accommodations from machinery spaces, paint lockers, storerooms, washrooms, and toilet facilities... and Arrangement Living Spaces § 169.317 Accommodations. (a) Quarters must have sufficient fresh air...

46 CFR 169.317 - Accommodations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... of the stem. The space must not be located totally below the deepest load waterline. (b) Bulkheads separating accommodations from machinery spaces, paint lockers, storerooms, washrooms, and toilet facilities... and Arrangement Living Spaces § 169.317 Accommodations. (a) Quarters must have sufficient fresh air...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Colliat, J.L.; Boisard, P.; Andersen, K.

Shallow caisson foundations are considered as alternative anchors for permanent mooring of a process barge at an oil and gas field developed by ELF Congo in the Gulf of Guinea. The 12 mooring lines are scheduled to be installed on site in July 1995 and the process barge will be connected in 1996 for start of production. With a water depth of about 170m, this field will be the deepest one offshore Western Africa to date. The soils at the site consist of soft normally consolidated clays. The paper presents the results of a comparative study of potential anchor solutionsmore » for this production barge, including high capacity drag anchors, driven piles, and shallow caisson foundations installed by underpressure. This comparative study, including design, construction, and installation of the mooring system, has shown that the caisson foundations represent the best suited solution, technically as well as on an economical point of view, because of the following advantages: (1) vertical load capability, thus allowing to reduce the anchoring pattern, (2) once positioned on the seabed, the location of each anchor is fixed and known with accuracy, and (3) more simple and shorter installation procedure, since caisson anchors, as piles, do not require to be proof-loaded on site.« less

46 CFR 15.855 - Cabin watchmen and fire patrolmen.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... other danger. (b) On a fish processing vessel of more than 100 gross tons, there must be a suitable....400(c) of this chapter. (2) All grills, broilers, and deep-fat fryers are fitted with a grease... alarms are located in each space with a through hull fitting below the deepest load waterline, a...

ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Survey Description

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walter, Fabian; Decarli, Roberto; Aravena, Manuel; Carilli, Chris; Bouwens, Rychard; da Cunha, Elisabete; Daddi, Emanuele; Ivison, R. J.; Riechers, Dominik; Smail, Ian; Swinbank, Mark; Weiss, Axel; Anguita, Timo; Assef, Roberto; Bacon, Roland; Bauer, Franz; Bell, Eric F.; Bertoldi, Frank; Chapman, Scott; Colina, Luis; Cortes, Paulo C.; Cox, Pierre; Dickinson, Mark; Elbaz, David; Gónzalez-López, Jorge; Ibar, Edo; Inami, Hanae; Infante, Leopoldo; Hodge, Jacqueline; Karim, Alex; Le Fevre, Olivier; Magnelli, Benjamin; Neri, Roberto; Oesch, Pascal; Ota, Kazuaki; Popping, Gergö; Rix, Hans-Walter; Sargent, Mark; Sheth, Kartik; van der Wel, Arjen; van der Werf, Paul; Wagg, Jeff

2016-12-01

We present the rationale for and the observational description of ASPECS: the ALMA SPECtroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (UDF), the cosmological deep field that has the deepest multi-wavelength data available. Our overarching goal is to obtain an unbiased census of molecular gas and dust continuum emission in high-redshift (z > 0.5) galaxies. The ˜1‧ region covered within the UDF was chosen to overlap with the deepest available imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope. Our ALMA observations consist of full frequency scans in band 3 (84-115 GHz) and band 6 (212-272 GHz) at approximately uniform line sensitivity ({L}{CO}\\prime ˜ 2 × 109 K km s-1 pc2), and continuum noise levels of 3.8 μJy beam-1 and 12.7 μJy beam-1, respectively. The molecular surveys cover the different rotational transitions of the CO molecule, leading to essentially full redshift coverage. The [C II] emission line is also covered at redshifts 6.0\\lt z\\lt 8.0. We present a customized algorithm to identify line candidates in the molecular line scans and quantify our ability to recover artificial sources from our data. Based on whether multiple CO lines are detected, and whether optical spectroscopic redshifts as well as optical counterparts exist, we constrain the most likely line identification. We report 10 (11) CO line candidates in the 3 mm (1 mm) band, and our statistical analysis shows that <4 of these (in each band) are likely spurious. Less than one-third of the total CO flux in the low-J CO line candidates are from sources that are not associated with an optical/NIR counterpart. We also present continuum maps of both the band 3 and band 6 observations. The data presented here form the basis of a number of dedicated studies that are presented in subsequent papers.

Physics of the infrared spectrum

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Deming, Drake; Jennings, Donald E.; Jefferies, John; Lindsey, Charles

1991-01-01

The IR bandpass is attractive for solar magnetic field studies in virtue of the proportionality to wavelength of the ratio of Zeeman splitting to line width. The large Zeeman splitting and optical thinness of the 12-micron observations render them especially useful for vector magnetic field derivations. The IR continuum, and many IR spectral lines, are formed in LTE and are useful in studies of the temperature structure of the solar atmosphere from the deepest observable photospheric layers to chromospheric altitudes. The far-IR continuum is an excellent thermometer for the upper photosphere and chromosphere.

46 CFR 42.13-30 - Lines to be used with the load line mark.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) The following load lines shall be used: (1) The summer load line indicated by the upper edge of the... T. (5) The fresh water load line in summer indicated by the upper edge of a line marked F. The fresh water load line in summer is marked abaft the vertical line. The difference between the fresh water load...

46 CFR 42.13-30 - Lines to be used with the load line mark.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) The following load lines shall be used: (1) The summer load line indicated by the upper edge of the... T. (5) The fresh water load line in summer indicated by the upper edge of a line marked F. The fresh water load line in summer is marked abaft the vertical line. The difference between the fresh water load...

46 CFR 45.35 - Seasonal load lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Seasonal load lines. 45.35 Section 45.35 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Load Line Marks § 45.35 Seasonal load lines. Each vessel must have the summer (S), midsummer (MS), intermediate (I...

46 CFR 45.35 - Seasonal load lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Seasonal load lines. 45.35 Section 45.35 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Load Line Marks § 45.35 Seasonal load lines. Each vessel must have the summer (S), midsummer (MS), intermediate (I...

The periesophageal celom of the articulate brachiopod Hemithyris psittacea (Rhynchonelliformea, Brachiopoda).

PubMed

Kuzmina, Tatyana V; Malakhov, Vladimir V

2011-02-01

The celomic system of the articulate brachiopod Hemithyris psittacea is composed of the perivisceral cavity, the canal system of the lophophore, and the periesophageal celom. We study the microscopic anatomy and ultrastructure of the periesophageal celom using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The periesophageal celom surrounds the esophagus, is isolated from the perivisceral cavity, and is divided by septa. The lining of the periesophageal celom includes two types of cells, epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells, both are monociliary. Some epithelial cells have long processes extending along the basal lamina, suggesting that these cells might function as podocytes. The myoepithelial cells have basal myofilaments and may be overlapped by the apical processes of the adjacent epithelial cells. The periesophageal celom forms protrusions that penetrate the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the body wall above the mouth and the ECM that surrounds the esophagus. The canals of the esophageal ECM form a complicated system. The celomic lining of the external circumferential canals consists of the epithelial cells and the podocyte-like cells. The deepest canals lack a lumen; they are filled with the muscle cells surrounded by basal lamina. These branched canals might perform dual functions. First, they increase the surface area and might therefore facilitate ultrafiltration through the podocyte-like cells. Second, the deepest canals form the thickened muscle wall of the esophagus and could be necessary for antiperistalsis of the gut. Copyright © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

46 CFR 42.13-30 - Lines to be used with the load line mark.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) The following load lines shall be used: (1) The summer load line indicated by the upper edge of the... indicated by the upper edge of a line marked W. (3) The winter North Atlantic load line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked WNA. (4) The tropical load line indicated by the upper edge of a line marked...

Physical properties of the WAIS Divide ice core

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fitzpatrick, Joan J.; Voigt, Donald E.; Fegyveresi, John M.; Stevens, Nathan T.; Spencer, Matthew K.; Cole-Dai, Jihong; Alley, Richard B.; Jardine, Gabriella E.; Cravens, Eric; Wilen, Lawrence A.; Fudge, T. J.; McConnell, Joseph R.

2014-01-01

The WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) Divide deep ice core was recently completed to a total depth of 3405 m, ending ∼50 m above the bed. Investigation of the visual stratigraphy and grain characteristics indicates that the ice column at the drilling location is undisturbed by any large-scale overturning or discontinuity. The climate record developed from this core is therefore likely to be continuous and robust. Measured grain-growth rates, recrystallization characteristics, and grain-size response at climate transitions fit within current understanding. Significant impurity control on grain size is indicated from correlation analysis between impurity loading and grain size. Bubble-number densities and bubble sizes and shapes are presented through the full extent of the bubbly ice. Where bubble elongation is observed, the direction of elongation is preferentially parallel to the trace of the basal (0001) plane. Preferred crystallographic orientation of grains is present in the shallowest samples measured, and increases with depth, progressing to a vertical-girdle pattern that tightens to a vertical single-maximum fabric. This single-maximum fabric switches into multiple maxima as the grain size increases rapidly in the deepest, warmest ice. A strong dependence of the fabric on the impurity-mediated grain size is apparent in the deepest samples.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rice, C. Keith; Shen, Bo; Shrestha, Som S.

This report describes an analysis to investigate representative heating loads for single-family detached homes using current EnergyPlus simulations (DOE 2014a). Hourly delivered load results are used to determine binned load lines using US Department of Energy (DOE) residential prototype building models (DOE 2014b) developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). The selected residential single-family prototype buildings are based on the 2006 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC 2006) in the DOE climate regions. The resulting load lines are compared with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) Standard 210/240 (AHRI 2008) minimum and maximum design heating requirementmore » (DHR) load lines of the heating seasonal performance factor (HSPF) ratings procedure for each region. The results indicate that a heating load line closer to the maximum DHR load line, and with a lower zero load ambient temperature, is more representative of heating loads predicted for EnergyPlus prototype residential buildings than the minimum DHR load line presently used to determine HSPF ratings. An alternative heating load line equation was developed and compared to binned load lines obtained from the EnergyPlus simulation results. The effect on HSPF of the alternative heating load line was evaluated for single-speed and two-capacity heat pumps, and an average HSPF reduction of 16% was found. The alternative heating load line relationship is tied to the rated cooling capacity of the heat pump based on EnergyPlus autosizing, which is more representative of the house load characteristics than the rated heating capacity. The alternative heating load line equation was found to be independent of climate for the six DOE climate regions investigated, provided an adjustable zero load ambient temperature is used. For Region IV, the default DOE climate region used for HSPF ratings, the higher load line results in an ~28% increase in delivered heating load and an ~52% increase in the estimated heating operating cost over that given in the AHRI directory (AHRI 2014).« less

Seismic Readings from the Deepest Borehole in the New Madrid Seismic Zone

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Woolery, Edward W; Wang, Zhenming; Sturchio, Neil C

2006-03-01

Since the 1980s, the research associated with the UK network has been primarily strong-motion seismology of engineering interest. Currently the University of Kentucky operates a strong-motion network of nine stations in the New Madrid Seismic Zone. A unique feature of the network is the inclusions of vertical strong-motion arrays, each with one or two downhole accelerometers. The deepest borehole array is 260 m below the surfaces at station VASA in Fulton County, Kentucky. A preliminary surface seismic refraction survey was conducted at the site before drilling the hole at VSAS (Woolery and Wang, 2002). The depth to the Paleozoic bedrockmore » at the site was estimated to be approximately 595 m, and the depth to the first very stiff layer (i.e. Porters Creek Clay) was found to be about 260 m. These depths and stratigraphic interpretation correlated well with a proprietary seismic reflection line and the Ken-Ten Oil Exploration No. 1 Sanger hole (Schwalb, 1969), as well as our experience in the area (Street et al., 1995; Woolery et al., 1999).« less

46 CFR 46.10-45 - Nonsubmergence subdivision load lines in salt water.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Nonsubmergence subdivision load lines in salt water. 46.10-45 Section 46.10-45 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-45 Nonsubmergence subdivision load lines in salt water. (a) Passenger vessels...

46 CFR 42.07-1 - Load lines required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Load lines required. 42.07-1 Section 42.07-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA... line marks (see § 42.03-30). (b) For vessels marked with international load lines and navigating the...

46 CFR 42.07-1 - Load lines required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Load lines required. 42.07-1 Section 42.07-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA... line marks (see § 42.03-30). (b) For vessels marked with international load lines and navigating the...

46 CFR 42.07-1 - Load lines required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Load lines required. 42.07-1 Section 42.07-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA... line marks (see § 42.03-30). (b) For vessels marked with international load lines and navigating the...

46 CFR 42.07-1 - Load lines required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Load lines required. 42.07-1 Section 42.07-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA... line marks (see § 42.03-30). (b) For vessels marked with international load lines and navigating the...

46 CFR 42.07-1 - Load lines required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Load lines required. 42.07-1 Section 42.07-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA... line marks (see § 42.03-30). (b) For vessels marked with international load lines and navigating the...

46 CFR 42.50-15 - Coastwise load line certificates for U.S.-flag vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... LINES DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA Load Line Certificates-Model Forms § 42.50-15 Coastwise load... sides of Form C1 certificate in paragraph (c) of this section except for the identification of model... the identification of model form, description of the “Freeboard from deck line,” the “Load Line,” and...

46 CFR 42.50-15 - Coastwise load line certificates for U.S.-flag vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... LINES DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA Load Line Certificates-Model Forms § 42.50-15 Coastwise load... sides of Form C1 certificate in paragraph (c) of this section except for the identification of model... the identification of model form, description of the “Freeboard from deck line,” the “Load Line,” and...

46 CFR 42.50-15 - Coastwise load line certificates for U.S.-flag vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... LINES DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA Load Line Certificates-Model Forms § 42.50-15 Coastwise load... sides of Form C1 certificate in paragraph (c) of this section except for the identification of model... the identification of model form, description of the “Freeboard from deck line,” the “Load Line,” and...

46 CFR 42.50-15 - Coastwise load line certificates for U.S.-flag vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... LINES DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA Load Line Certificates-Model Forms § 42.50-15 Coastwise load... sides of Form C1 certificate in paragraph (c) of this section except for the identification of model... the identification of model form, description of the “Freeboard from deck line,” the “Load Line,” and...

46 CFR Appendix A to Part 45 - Load Line Certificate Form

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Midsummer MS Summer S Intermediate I Winter W load line above S Upper edge of line through center of diamond... so endorsed. notes (1) In accordance with the Great Lakes Load Line Regulations the diamond and lines...

46 CFR Appendix A to Part 45 - Load Line Certificate Form

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Midsummer MS Summer S Intermediate I Winter W load line above S Upper edge of line through center of diamond... so endorsed. notes (1) In accordance with the Great Lakes Load Line Regulations the diamond and lines...

46 CFR Appendix A to Part 45 - Load Line Certificate Form

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Midsummer MS Summer S Intermediate I Winter W load line above S Upper edge of line through center of diamond... so endorsed. notes (1) In accordance with the Great Lakes Load Line Regulations the diamond and lines...

46 CFR 46.15-10 - Subdivision load lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 and a “diamond” shall be substituted for the “disk”. No “fresh water” line will be marked. [CGFR... located in line with the highest subdivision load line. (f) One fresh water line shall be marked. When a subdivision and a normal load line are combined, the normal fresh water line only shall be used unless the...

46 CFR 45.183 - Load line requirements for the St. Joseph and Muskegon routes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Load line requirements for the St. Joseph and Muskegon... requirements for the St. Joseph and Muskegon routes. (a) Load line certificate. (1) The load line issued under... certificate is valid for the St. Joseph and Muskegon routes, and intermediate ports. However, operators must...

46 CFR Appendix A to Part 45 - Load Line Certificate Form

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Midsummer MS Summer S Intermediate I Winter W load line above S Upper edge of line through center of diamond below S below S Increase for salt water for all freeboards __ inches. The upper edge of the deck line... so endorsed. notes (1) In accordance with the Great Lakes Load Line Regulations the diamond and lines...

46 CFR 45.11 - Issue of load line certificate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Issue of load line certificate. 45.11 Section 45.11... § 45.11 Issue of load line certificate. (a) A vessel 79 feet in length and more, and 150 gross tons or... issue of a load line certificate under this part by the Commandant or his authorized representative. (c...

Oceanographic Data Report for South West Pacific Cruises in the SEAMAP Series. Part 2. Winter Survey Data 1985 to 1987

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-01

for 1000 m . (+ are Nansen stations;. are VCTOD stations; thick dashed lines are ridges and rises) 3 5(a). General circulation and position of fronts...route A, leg one 29 15. VrTOD temperature section to 2000 m from Sydney to station 12 (30058’S, 179 030’W) for 28 July to 12 August 1987. Winter survey...four 58 37. VCTOD temperature section to 2000 m from Samoa to station 22for 24 August to 5 September 1987. (x show deepest point reached at each

Spectral line polarimetry with a channeled polarimeter.

PubMed

van Harten, Gerard; Snik, Frans; Rietjens, Jeroen H H; Martijn Smit, J; Keller, Christoph U

2014-07-01

Channeled spectropolarimetry or spectral polarization modulation is an accurate technique for measuring the continuum polarization in one shot with no moving parts. We show how a dual-beam implementation also enables spectral line polarimetry at the intrinsic resolution, as in a classic beam-splitting polarimeter. Recording redundant polarization information in the two spectrally modulated beams of a polarizing beam-splitter even provides the possibility to perform a postfacto differential transmission correction that improves the accuracy of the spectral line polarimetry. We perform an error analysis to compare the accuracy of spectral line polarimetry to continuum polarimetry, degraded by a residual dark signal and differential transmission, as well as to quantify the impact of the transmission correction. We demonstrate the new techniques with a blue sky polarization measurement around the oxygen A absorption band using the groundSPEX instrument, yielding a polarization in the deepest part of the band of 0.160±0.010, significantly different from the polarization in the continuum of 0.2284±0.0004. The presented methods are applicable to any dual-beam channeled polarimeter, including implementations for snapshot imaging polarimetry.

B-MINE: The Balloon-Borne Microcalorimeter Nuclear Line Explorer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Silver, E.; Schnopper, H.; Jones, C.; Forman, W.; Bandler, S.; Murray, S.; Romaine, S.; Slane, P.; Grindlay, J.; Madden, N.

2001-01-01

B-MINE is a concept for a balloon mission designed to probe the deepest regions of a supernova explosion by detecting 44Ti emission at 68 keV with spatial and spectral resolutions that are sufficient to determine the extent and velocity distribution of the 44Ti emitting region. The payload introduces the concept of focusing optics and microcalorimeter spectroscopy to nuclear line emission astrophysics. B-MINE has a thin, plastic foil telescope multilayered to maximize the reflectivity in a 20 keV band centered at 68 keV and a microcalorimeter array optimized for the same energy band. This combination provides a reduced background, an energy resolution of 50 eV and a 3 sigma sensitivity in 10 (exp 6) s of 3.3 x 10(exp -7) ph cm(exp -2) s(exp -1) at 68 keV. During the course of a long duration balloon flight, B-MINE could carry out a detailed study of the 44Ti emission line centroid and width in CAS A.

Aerial gamma ray and magnetic survey: Powder River R and D Project. Portions of the: Forsyth and Hardin, Montana, and the Sheridan, Arminto, Newcastle, and Gillette, Wyoming Quadrangles. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1979-05-01

During the months of August through September, 1978, geoMetrics, Inc. flew approximately 1520 line miles of high sensitivity airborne radiometric and magnetic data in Wyoming and southern Montana within four 1/sup 0/ x 2/sup 0/ NTMS quadrangles (Arminto, Sheridan, Hardin and Forsyth), and 1390 lines miles in the detail area in eastern Wyoming, as part of the Department of Energy's National Uranium Resource Evaluation program. All radiometric and magnetic data were fully reduced and interpreted by geoMetrics, and are presented as three volumes (one Volume I and two Volume II's) in this report. The survey area lies largely within themore » northern Great Plains Physiographic Province. The deep Powder River Basin is the dominant structure in the area. Portions of the Casper Arch, Big Horn Uplift, and Porcupine Dome fall within the western limits of the area. The Basin is one of the largest and deepest in the northern Great Plains and contains over 17,000 feet of Phanerozoic sediments at its deepest point. Economic deposits of oil, coal, bentonite and uranium are found in the Tertiary and/or Cretaceous rocks of the Basin. Epigenetic uranium deposits lie primarily in the Pumpkin Buttes - Turnercrest districts within arkosic sandstones of the Paleocene Fort Union Formation. A total of 62 groups of statistical values for the R and D area and 127 for the Arminto Detail in the uranium window meet the criteria for valid anomalies and are discussed in their respective interpretation sections. Most anomalies lie in the Tertiary sediments of the Powder River Basin. Some of the anomalies in the Arminto Detail are clearly related to mines or prospects.« less

46 CFR 42.50-5 - International load line certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Atlantic Ocean during the winter months as defined by the Load Line Regulations in 46 CFR 42.30-5 and 42.30-35. The periods during which the other seasonal load lines apply in different parts of the world are...

46 CFR 42.50-5 - International load line certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Atlantic Ocean during the winter months as defined by the Load Line Regulations in 46 CFR 42.30-5 and 42.30-35. The periods during which the other seasonal load lines apply in different parts of the world are...

46 CFR 42.50-5 - International load line certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Atlantic Ocean during the winter months as defined by the Load Line Regulations in 46 CFR 42.30-5 and 42.30-35. The periods during which the other seasonal load lines apply in different parts of the world are...

46 CFR 42.50-5 - International load line certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Atlantic Ocean during the winter months as defined by the Load Line Regulations in 46 CFR 42.30-5 and 42.30-35. The periods during which the other seasonal load lines apply in different parts of the world are...

77 FR 59881 - Special Load Line Exemption for the Gulf of Mexico: Petition for Rulemaking

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-01

... Line Exemption for the Gulf of Mexico: Petition for Rulemaking AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice... Mexico. The requested exemption would allow non-load line river barges to transit along the west coast of... special load line exemption on the Gulf of Mexico. All comments received will be posted, without change...

46 CFR 42.11-10 - Applications for load line assignments and certificates for vessels other than U.S.-flag vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA Applications for Load... certificate for a foreign vessel belonging to (or which will belong to) either a country ratifying or acceding to the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966, or to a country with which the United States of...

46 CFR 42.11-10 - Applications for load line assignments and certificates for vessels other than U.S.-flag vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA Applications for Load... certificate for a foreign vessel belonging to (or which will belong to) either a country ratifying or acceding to the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966, or to a country with which the United States of...

A complex multi-notch astronomical filter to suppress the bright infrared sky.

PubMed

Bland-Hawthorn, J; Ellis, S C; Leon-Saval, S G; Haynes, R; Roth, M M; Löhmannsröben, H-G; Horton, A J; Cuby, J-G; Birks, T A; Lawrence, J S; Gillingham, P; Ryder, S D; Trinh, C

2011-12-06

A long-standing and profound problem in astronomy is the difficulty in obtaining deep near-infrared observations due to the extreme brightness and variability of the night sky at these wavelengths. A solution to this problem is crucial if we are to obtain the deepest possible observations of the early Universe, as redshifted starlight from distant galaxies appears at these wavelengths. The atmospheric emission between 1,000 and 1,800 nm arises almost entirely from a forest of extremely bright, very narrow hydroxyl emission lines that varies on timescales of minutes. The astronomical community has long envisaged the prospect of selectively removing these lines, while retaining high throughput between them. Here we demonstrate such a filter for the first time, presenting results from the first on-sky tests. Its use on current 8 m telescopes and future 30 m telescopes will open up many new research avenues in the years to come.

Comparative analysis on flexibility requirements of typical Cryogenic Transfer lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jadon, Mohit; Kumar, Uday; Choukekar, Ketan; Shah, Nitin; Sarkar, Biswanath

2017-04-01

The cryogenic systems and their applications; primarily in large Fusion devices, utilize multiple cryogen transfer lines of various sizes and complexities to transfer cryogenic fluids from plant to the various user/ applications. These transfer lines are composed of various critical sections i.e. tee section, elbows, flexible components etc. The mechanical sustainability (under failure circumstances) of these transfer lines are primary requirement for safe operation of the system and applications. The transfer lines need to be designed for multiple design constraints conditions like line layout, support locations and space restrictions. The transfer lines are subjected to single load and multiple load combinations, such as operational loads, seismic loads, leak in insulation vacuum loads etc. [1]. The analytical calculations and flexibility analysis using professional software are performed for the typical transfer lines without any flexible component, the results were analysed for functional and mechanical load conditions. The failure modes were identified along the critical sections. The same transfer line was then refurbished with the flexible components and analysed for failure modes. The flexible components provide additional flexibility to the transfer line system and make it safe. The results obtained from the analytical calculations were compared with those obtained from the flexibility analysis software calculations. The optimization of the flexible component’s size and selection was performed and components were selected to meet the design requirements as per code.

Loads specification and embedded plate definition for the ITER cryoline system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Badgujar, S.; Benkheira, L.; Chalifour, M.; Forgeas, A.; Shah, N.; Vaghela, H.; Sarkar, B.

2015-12-01

ITER cryolines (CLs) are complex network of vacuum-insulated multi and single process pipe lines, distributed in three different areas at ITER site. The CLs will support different operating loads during the machine life-time; either considered as nominal, occasional or exceptional. The major loads, which form the design basis are inertial, pressure, temperature, assembly, magnetic, snow, wind, enforced relative displacement and are put together in loads specification. Based on the defined load combinations, conceptual estimation of reaction loads have been carried out for the lines located inside the Tokamak building. Adequate numbers of embedded plates (EPs) per line have been defined and integrated in the building design. The finalization of building EPs to support the lines, before the detailed design, is one of the major design challenges as the usual logic of the design may alter. At the ITER project level, it was important to finalize EPs to allow adequate design and timely availability of the Tokamak building. The paper describes the single loads, load combinations considered in load specification and the approach for conceptual load estimation and selection of EPs for Toroidal Field (TF) Cryoline as an example by converting the load combinations in two main load categories; pressure and seismic.

Structure and dynamics of Earth's lower mantle.

PubMed

Garnero, Edward J; McNamara, Allen K

2008-05-02

Processes within the lowest several hundred kilometers of Earth's rocky mantle play a critical role in the evolution of the planet. Understanding Earth's lower mantle requires putting recent seismic and mineral physics discoveries into a self-consistent, geodynamically feasible context. Two nearly antipodal large low-shear-velocity provinces in the deep mantle likely represent chemically distinct and denser material. High-resolution seismological studies have revealed laterally varying seismic velocity discontinuities in the deepest few hundred kilometers, consistent with a phase transition from perovskite to post-perovskite. In the deepest tens of kilometers of the mantle, isolated pockets of ultralow seismic velocities may denote Earth's deepest magma chamber.

46 CFR 45.33 - Diamond.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Diamond. 45.33 Section 45.33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Load Line Marks § 45.33 Diamond. (a) Each vessel must be marked with the diamond mark described in figure 2 of § 45.35 amidships below...

46 CFR 45.33 - Diamond.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Diamond. 45.33 Section 45.33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Load Line Marks § 45.33 Diamond. (a) Each vessel must be marked with the diamond mark described in figure 2 of § 45.35 amidships below...

46 CFR 45.33 - Diamond.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Diamond. 45.33 Section 45.33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Load Line Marks § 45.33 Diamond. (a) Each vessel must be marked with the diamond mark described in figure 2 of § 45.35 amidships below...

46 CFR 45.33 - Diamond.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Diamond. 45.33 Section 45.33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Load Line Marks § 45.33 Diamond. (a) Each vessel must be marked with the diamond mark described in figure 2 of § 45.35 amidships below...

46 CFR 45.33 - Diamond.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Diamond. 45.33 Section 45.33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Load Line Marks § 45.33 Diamond. (a) Each vessel must be marked with the diamond mark described in figure 2 of § 45.35 amidships below...

46 CFR 190.01-5 - Vessels subject to load line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Vessels subject to load line. 190.01-5 Section 190.01-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Hull Structure § 190.01-5 Vessels subject to load line. (a) For vessels assigned a...

The bending strength of tablets with a breaking line--Comparison of the results of an elastic and a "brittle cracking" finite element model with experimental findings.

PubMed

Podczeck, Fridrun; Newton, J Michael; Fromme, Paul

2015-11-10

The aim of this work was to ascertain the influence of the position of the breaking line of bevel-edged tablets in a three-point bending test. Two different brands of commercially available, flat-round, bevel-edged tablets with a single central breaking line were studied. Breaking line positions tested, relative to the upper loading roll, were 0°, 22.5°, 45°, 67.5° and 90°. The breaking line faced either up- or downwards during the test. The practical results were compared with FEM results simulating similar test configurations. Tablets failed mainly across the failure plane, resulting in two tablet halves. An exception to this was found for tablets where the breaking line faced down and was positioned at an angle of 22.5° relative to the loading plane. Here the crack followed the breaking line in the centre of the tablets and only diverged towards the loading plane position at the edges of the tablets. The breaking line facing upwards resulted in a significantly higher tensile strength of the tablets compared to it facing downwards. However, with one exception, the orientation of the breaking line relative to the loading plane appeared not to affect the tensile strength values. A fully elastic FEM model indicated that both the position of the breaking line relative to the loading plane and as to whether the breaking line faced up- or downwards during the bending test would result in considerably different failure loads during practical experiments. The results also suggested that regardless of the breaking line position, when it is facing down crack propagation should start at the outer edges propagating towards the midpoint of the discs until failure occurs. Failure should hence always result in equal tablet halves, whereby the failure plane should coincide with the loading plane. Neither predictions fully reflected the practical behaviour of the tablets. Using a brittle cracking FEM model significantly larger tensile stresses for tablets with the breaking line positioned downwards at 0° or 22.5° relative to the loading plane were still predicted, but the differences between model and experimental values was greatly reduced. The remaining differences are more likely due to the inadequacy of the equation available to calculate the experimental tensile strength values. This equation cannot account for the presence of a breaking line and overestimates the thickness of the loading plane by the depth of the breaking line when in 0° or 22.5° position. If the depth of the breaking line is taken into account, the model predictions and the experimental findings are comparable. Also, in the brittle cracking FEM simulations the predicted crack propagation patterns were similar to those found in the experiments, and the model stress distributions across the lower surfaces were much more homogeneous and streamlined parallel to the loading plane. The brittle cracking model hence reflected the practicalities of the bending test more closely. The findings suggested that with the breaking line facing down fracture should always start in the centre of a tablet at its lower surface, initiated by the breaking line. Due to simultaneous development of larger stresses along the y-axis the tablet should still break into two equal halves along the loading plane, unless the position of the breaking line relative to the loading plane was 22.5°. In this case the tablet would fail by a mixed process, whereby failure would occur mainly along the breaking line, but due to simultaneous crack formation at the lower surface close to the bevel edge parallel to the loading plane the final breaking pattern would deviate from the breaking line about half-way from its centre, as seen in the practical experiments. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

46 CFR 42.07-10 - Submergence of load line marks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... VOYAGES BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-10 Submergence of load line marks. (a... by sea, or on the Great Lakes, or during the voyage, or on arrival, the applicable load lines marked... when navigating the Great Lakes. (d) When a vessel departs from a port situated on a river or inland...

46 CFR 42.07-10 - Submergence of load line marks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... VOYAGES BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-10 Submergence of load line marks. (a... by sea, or on the Great Lakes, or during the voyage, or on arrival, the applicable load lines marked... when navigating the Great Lakes. (d) When a vessel departs from a port situated on a river or inland...

46 CFR 42.07-10 - Submergence of load line marks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... VOYAGES BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-10 Submergence of load line marks. (a... by sea, or on the Great Lakes, or during the voyage, or on arrival, the applicable load lines marked... when navigating the Great Lakes. (d) When a vessel departs from a port situated on a river or inland...

46 CFR 42.07-10 - Submergence of load line marks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... VOYAGES BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-10 Submergence of load line marks. (a... by sea, or on the Great Lakes, or during the voyage, or on arrival, the applicable load lines marked... when navigating the Great Lakes. (d) When a vessel departs from a port situated on a river or inland...

46 CFR 42.07-10 - Submergence of load line marks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... VOYAGES BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-10 Submergence of load line marks. (a... by sea, or on the Great Lakes, or during the voyage, or on arrival, the applicable load lines marked... when navigating the Great Lakes. (d) When a vessel departs from a port situated on a river or inland...

Presumed filter-feeding in a deep-sea benthic shrimp (Decapoda, Caridea, Stylodactylidae), with records of the deepest occurrence of carideans.

PubMed

Wicksten, Mary; De Grave, Sammy; France, Scott; Kelley, Christopher

2017-01-01

Using the remotely operated vehicle Deep Discoverer , we observed a large stylodactylid shrimp resting on a sedimented sea floor at 4826 m in the Marianas Trench Marine National Monument. The shrimp was not collected but most closely resembled Bathystylodactylus bathyalis , known previously only from a single broken specimen. Video footage shows the shrimp facing into the current and extending its upraised and fringed first and second pereopods, presumably capturing passing particles. The video footage is the first ever to show a living deep-sea stylodactylid and constitutes the deepest record for the family. We provide a list of the deepest reports of caridean shrimps world-wide.

Geometry and Dynamics of the Mesopotamian Foreland Basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pirouz, M.; Avouac, J. P.; Gualandi, A.; Hassanzadeh, J.; Sternai, P.

2016-12-01

We have constrained the geometry of the Zagros foreland basin along the entire northern edge of the Arabian plate using subsurface data from Iran, Iraq and Syria. We use the Oligo-Miocene marine Asmari Formation and its equivalents in the region to reconstruct high resolution foreland basin geometry. This extensive carbonate platform limestone unit separates pre-collisional passive margin marine sediments from the Cenozoic foreland deposits dominated by continental sources; and therefore it can be used as a measure of post-collisional deflection. The 3D reconstructed Asmari Formation shows along-strike thickness variations of the foreland basin deposits from 1 to 6 km. The deepest part of the foreland basin coincides with the Dezful embayment in Iran, and its depth decreases on both sides. In principle the basin geometry should reflect the loading resulted from overthrusting in the Zagros fold-thrust belt, the sediment fill and dynamic stresses due to lithospheric and upper mantle deformation. To estimate these various sources of loads we analyze the basin geometry in combination with gravity, free air anomaly, and Moho depths determined from seismological observations. Our analysis suggests in particular that redistribution of surface load by surface processes is a primary controlling factor of the basin geometry. The wavelength of a foreland basin may bear little information on the elastic flexural rigidity of the lithosphere.

46 CFR 45.37 - Salt water load lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Salt water load lines. 45.37 Section 45.37 Shipping... Marks § 45.37 Salt water load lines. Each vessel that operates in the salt water of the St. Lawrence... marks under § 45.77 for salt water; and (b) Be marked with the letters “FW” above the fresh water marks...

46 CFR 45.37 - Salt water load lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Salt water load lines. 45.37 Section 45.37 Shipping... Marks § 45.37 Salt water load lines. Each vessel that operates in the salt water of the St. Lawrence... marks under § 45.77 for salt water; and (b) Be marked with the letters “FW” above the fresh water marks...

46 CFR 78.17-20 - Drafts and load line markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Drafts and load line markings. 78.17-20 Section 78.17-20..., Drills, and Inspections § 78.17-20 Drafts and load line markings. (a) The master of every vessel on an ocean, coastwise, or Great Lakes voyage shall enter the drafts of the vessel, forward and aft, in the...

46 CFR 97.15-5 - Drafts and load line markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Drafts and load line markings. 97.15-5 Section 97.15-5... OPERATIONS Tests, Drills, and Inspections § 97.15-5 Drafts and load line markings. (a) The master of every vessel on an ocean, coastwise, or Great Lakes voyage shall enter the drafts of the vessel, forward and...

46 CFR 78.17-20 - Drafts and load line markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Drafts and load line markings. 78.17-20 Section 78.17-20..., Drills, and Inspections § 78.17-20 Drafts and load line markings. (a) The master of every vessel on an ocean, coastwise, or Great Lakes voyage shall enter the drafts of the vessel, forward and aft, in the...

46 CFR 78.17-20 - Drafts and load line markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Drafts and load line markings. 78.17-20 Section 78.17-20..., Drills, and Inspections § 78.17-20 Drafts and load line markings. (a) The master of every vessel on an ocean, coastwise, or Great Lakes voyage shall enter the drafts of the vessel, forward and aft, in the...

46 CFR 78.17-20 - Drafts and load line markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Drafts and load line markings. 78.17-20 Section 78.17-20..., Drills, and Inspections § 78.17-20 Drafts and load line markings. (a) The master of every vessel on an ocean, coastwise, or Great Lakes voyage shall enter the drafts of the vessel, forward and aft, in the...

46 CFR 97.15-5 - Drafts and load line markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Drafts and load line markings. 97.15-5 Section 97.15-5... OPERATIONS Tests, Drills, and Inspections § 97.15-5 Drafts and load line markings. (a) The master of every vessel on an ocean, coastwise, or Great Lakes voyage shall enter the drafts of the vessel, forward and...

46 CFR 97.15-5 - Drafts and load line markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Drafts and load line markings. 97.15-5 Section 97.15-5... OPERATIONS Tests, Drills, and Inspections § 97.15-5 Drafts and load line markings. (a) The master of every vessel on an ocean, coastwise, or Great Lakes voyage shall enter the drafts of the vessel, forward and...

46 CFR 97.15-5 - Drafts and load line markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Drafts and load line markings. 97.15-5 Section 97.15-5... OPERATIONS Tests, Drills, and Inspections § 97.15-5 Drafts and load line markings. (a) The master of every vessel on an ocean, coastwise, or Great Lakes voyage shall enter the drafts of the vessel, forward and...

46 CFR 97.15-5 - Drafts and load line markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Drafts and load line markings. 97.15-5 Section 97.15-5... OPERATIONS Tests, Drills, and Inspections § 97.15-5 Drafts and load line markings. (a) The master of every vessel on an ocean, coastwise, or Great Lakes voyage shall enter the drafts of the vessel, forward and...

46 CFR 45.37 - Salt water load lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Salt water load lines. 45.37 Section 45.37 Shipping... Marks § 45.37 Salt water load lines. Each vessel that operates in the salt water of the St. Lawrence... marks under § 45.77 for salt water; and (b) Be marked with the letters “FW” above the fresh water marks...

46 CFR 45.37 - Salt water load lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Salt water load lines. 45.37 Section 45.37 Shipping... Marks § 45.37 Salt water load lines. Each vessel that operates in the salt water of the St. Lawrence... marks under § 45.77 for salt water; and (b) Be marked with the letters “FW” above the fresh water marks...

46 CFR 45.37 - Salt water load lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Salt water load lines. 45.37 Section 45.37 Shipping... Marks § 45.37 Salt water load lines. Each vessel that operates in the salt water of the St. Lawrence... marks under § 45.77 for salt water; and (b) Be marked with the letters “FW” above the fresh water marks...

Theoretical investigations into the influence of the position of a breaking line on the tensile failure of flat, round, bevel-edged tablets using finite element methodology (FEM) and its practical relevance for industrial tablet strength testing.

PubMed

Podczeck, Fridrun; Newton, J Michael; Fromme, Paul

2014-12-30

Flat, round tablets may have a breaking ("score") line. Pharmacopoeial tablet breaking load tests are diametral in their design, and industrially used breaking load testers often have automatic tablet feeding systems, which position the tablets between the loading platens of the machine with the breaking lines in random orientation to the applied load. The aim of this work was to ascertain the influence of the position of the breaking line in a diametral compression test using finite element methodology (FEM) and to compare the theoretical results with practical findings using commercially produced bevel-edged, scored tablets. Breaking line test positions at an angle of 0°, 22.5°, 45°, 67.5° and 90° relative to the loading plane were studied. FEM results obtained for fully elastic and elasto-plastic tablets were fairly similar, but they highlighted large differences in stress distributions depending on the position of the breaking line. The stress values at failure were predicted to be similar for tablets tested at an angle of 45° or above, whereas at lower test angles the predicted breaking loads were up to three times larger. The stress distributions suggested that not all breaking line angles would result in clean tensile failure. Practical results, however, did not confirm the differences in the predicted breaking loads, but they confirmed differences in the way tablets broke. The results suggest that it is not advisable to convert breaking loads obtained on scored tablets into tablet tensile strength values, and comparisons between different tablets or batches should carefully consider the orientation of the breaking line with respect to the loading plane, as the failure mechanisms appear to vary. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Load-Flow in Multiphase Distribution Networks: Existence, Uniqueness, Non-Singularity, and Linear Models

DOE PAGES

Bernstein, Andrey; Wang, Cong; Dall'Anese, Emiliano; ...

2018-01-01

This paper considers unbalanced multiphase distribution systems with generic topology and different load models, and extends the Z-bus iterative load-flow algorithm based on a fixed-point interpretation of the AC load-flow equations. Explicit conditions for existence and uniqueness of load-flow solutions are presented. These conditions also guarantee convergence of the load-flow algorithm to the unique solution. The proposed methodology is applicable to generic systems featuring (i) wye connections; (ii) ungrounded delta connections; (iii) a combination of wye-connected and delta-connected sources/loads; and, (iv) a combination of line-to-line and line-to-grounded-neutral devices at the secondary of distribution transformers. Further, a sufficient condition for themore » non-singularity of the load-flow Jacobian is proposed. Finally, linear load-flow models are derived, and their approximation accuracy is analyzed. Theoretical results are corroborated through experiments on IEEE test feeders.« less

Load-Flow in Multiphase Distribution Networks: Existence, Uniqueness, Non-Singularity, and Linear Models

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bernstein, Andrey; Wang, Cong; Dall'Anese, Emiliano

This paper considers unbalanced multiphase distribution systems with generic topology and different load models, and extends the Z-bus iterative load-flow algorithm based on a fixed-point interpretation of the AC load-flow equations. Explicit conditions for existence and uniqueness of load-flow solutions are presented. These conditions also guarantee convergence of the load-flow algorithm to the unique solution. The proposed methodology is applicable to generic systems featuring (i) wye connections; (ii) ungrounded delta connections; (iii) a combination of wye-connected and delta-connected sources/loads; and, (iv) a combination of line-to-line and line-to-grounded-neutral devices at the secondary of distribution transformers. Further, a sufficient condition for themore » non-singularity of the load-flow Jacobian is proposed. Finally, linear load-flow models are derived, and their approximation accuracy is analyzed. Theoretical results are corroborated through experiments on IEEE test feeders.« less

Stringent Constraints on Fundamental Constant Evolution Using Conjugate 18 cm Satellite OH Lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kanekar, Nissim; Ghosh, Tapasi; Chengalur, Jayaram N.

2018-02-01

We have used the Arecibo Telescope to carry out one of the deepest-ever integrations in radio astronomy, targeting the redshifted conjugate satellite OH 18 cm lines at z ≈0.247 towards PKS 1413 +135 . The satellite OH 1720 and 1612 MHz lines are, respectively, in emission and absorption, with exactly the same line shapes due to population inversion in the OH ground state levels. Since the 1720 and 1612 MHz line rest frequencies have different dependences on the fine structure constant α and the proton-electron mass ratio μ , a comparison between their measured redshifts allows one to probe changes in α and μ with cosmological time. In the case of conjugate satellite OH 18 cm lines, the predicted perfect cancellation of the sum of the line optical depths provides a strong test for the presence of systematic effects that might limit their use in probing fundamental constant evolution. A nonparametric analysis of our new Arecibo data yields [Δ X /X ] =(+0.97 ±1.52 )×10-6 , where X ≡μ α2 . Combining this with our earlier results from the Arecibo Telescope and the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, we obtain [Δ X /X ] =(-1.0 ±1.3 )×10-6 , consistent with no changes in the quantity μ α2 over the last 2.9 Gyr. This is the most stringent present constraint on fractional changes in μ α2 from astronomical spectroscopy, and with no evidence for systematic effects.

Stringent Constraints on Fundamental Constant Evolution Using Conjugate 18 cm Satellite OH Lines.

PubMed

Kanekar, Nissim; Ghosh, Tapasi; Chengalur, Jayaram N

2018-02-09

We have used the Arecibo Telescope to carry out one of the deepest-ever integrations in radio astronomy, targeting the redshifted conjugate satellite OH 18 cm lines at z≈0.247 towards PKS 1413+135. The satellite OH 1720 and 1612 MHz lines are, respectively, in emission and absorption, with exactly the same line shapes due to population inversion in the OH ground state levels. Since the 1720 and 1612 MHz line rest frequencies have different dependences on the fine structure constant α and the proton-electron mass ratio μ, a comparison between their measured redshifts allows one to probe changes in α and μ with cosmological time. In the case of conjugate satellite OH 18 cm lines, the predicted perfect cancellation of the sum of the line optical depths provides a strong test for the presence of systematic effects that might limit their use in probing fundamental constant evolution. A nonparametric analysis of our new Arecibo data yields [ΔX/X]=(+0.97±1.52)×10^{-6}, where X≡μα^{2}. Combining this with our earlier results from the Arecibo Telescope and the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, we obtain [ΔX/X]=(-1.0±1.3)×10^{-6}, consistent with no changes in the quantity μα^{2} over the last 2.9 Gyr. This is the most stringent present constraint on fractional changes in μα^{2} from astronomical spectroscopy, and with no evidence for systematic effects.

Modeling power flow in the induction cavity with a two dimensional circuit simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Fan; Zou, Wenkang; Gong, Boyi; Jiang, Jihao; Chen, Lin; Wang, Meng; Xie, Weiping

2017-02-01

We have proposed a two dimensional (2D) circuit model of induction cavity. The oil elbow and azimuthal transmission line are modeled with one dimensional transmission line elements, while 2D transmission line elements are employed to represent the regions inward the azimuthal transmission line. The voltage waveforms obtained by 2D circuit simulation and transient electromagnetic simulation are compared, which shows satisfactory agreement. The influence of impedance mismatch on the power flow condition in the induction cavity is investigated with this 2D circuit model. The simulation results indicate that the peak value of load voltage approaches the maximum if the azimuthal transmission line roughly matches the pulse forming section. The amplitude of output transmission line voltage is strongly influenced by its impedance, but the peak value of load voltage is insensitive to the actual output transmission line impedance. When the load impedance raises, the voltage across the dummy load increases, and the pulse duration at the oil elbow inlet and insulator stack regions also slightly increase.

14 CFR 25.393 - Loads parallel to hinge line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... designed for inertia loads acting parallel to the hinge line. (b) In the absence of more rational data, the inertia loads may be assumed to be equal to KW, where— (1) K=24 for vertical surfaces; (2) K=12 for...

14 CFR 25.393 - Loads parallel to hinge line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... designed for inertia loads acting parallel to the hinge line. (b) In the absence of more rational data, the inertia loads may be assumed to be equal to KW, where— (1) K=24 for vertical surfaces; (2) K=12 for...

14 CFR 25.393 - Loads parallel to hinge line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... designed for inertia loads acting parallel to the hinge line. (b) In the absence of more rational data, the inertia loads may be assumed to be equal to KW, where— (1) K=24 for vertical surfaces; (2) K=12 for...

14 CFR 25.393 - Loads parallel to hinge line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... designed for inertia loads acting parallel to the hinge line. (b) In the absence of more rational data, the inertia loads may be assumed to be equal to KW, where— (1) K=24 for vertical surfaces; (2) K=12 for...

14 CFR 25.393 - Loads parallel to hinge line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... designed for inertia loads acting parallel to the hinge line. (b) In the absence of more rational data, the inertia loads may be assumed to be equal to KW, where— (1) K=24 for vertical surfaces; (2) K=12 for...

46 CFR Appendix A to Part 45 - Load Line Certificate Form

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... registry Type of Ship: TYPE “A” TYPE “B” TYPE “B” with increased freeboard freeboard from deck line Midsummer MS Summer S Intermediate I Winter W load line above S Upper edge of line through center of diamond... salt water of the St. Lawrence River west of a straight line from Cap de Rosiers to West Point...

Corrosion study of bare and coated stainless steel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morrison, J. D.

1972-01-01

A program was conducted at Kennedy Space Center from February 1968 to February 1971 to evaluate the performance of austenitic stainless steel alloys used in fluid systems lines. For several years, there had been numerous failures of stainless steel hardware caused by pitting and stress corrosion cracking. Several alloys were evaluated for effectiveness of certain sacrificial-type protective coverings in preventing corrosion failures. Samples were tested in specially designed racks placed 91 meters (100 yards) above high-tide line at Cape Kennedy. It is concluded that: (1) unprotected tubing samples showed evidence of pitting initiation after 2 weeks; (2) although some alloys develop larger pits than others, it is probable that the actual pitting rate is independent of alloy type; (3) the deepest pitting occurred in the sheltered part of the samples; and (4) zinc-rich coatings and an aluminum-filled coating have afforded sacrificial protection against pitting for at least 28 months. It is believed that a much longer effective coating life can be expected.

Measuring Low Mass Galaxies In The WFC3 Infrared Spectroscopic Parallels Survey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Colbert, James; Teplitz, Harry; Scarlata, Claudia; Siana, Brian; Malkan, Matt; McCarthy, Patrick; Henry, Alaina; Atek, Hakim; Fosbury, Robert; Ross, Nathanial; Hathi, Nimish; Bridge, Carrie; Bunker, Andrew; Dressler, Alan; Shim, Hyunjin; Bedregal, Alejandro; Dominguez, Alberto; Rafelski, Marc; Masters, Dan; Martin, Crystal; Dai, Sophia

2015-10-01

The WFC3 Infrared Spectroscopic Parallel (WISP) Survey uses over 1800 HST orbits to study galaxy evolution over a majority of cosmic history. Its slitless grism spectroscopy over a wide, continuous spectral range (0.8-1.7 micron) provides an unbiased selection of thousands of emission line galaxies over 0.5 < z < 2.5. Hundreds of these galaxies are detected in multiple emission lines, allowing for important diagnostics of metallicity and dust extinction. We propose deep 3.6 micron imaging (5 sigma, 0.9 micro-Jy) of 60 of the deepest WISP fields observed with the combination of G102+G141 grisms, in order to detect emission-line galaxies down to 0.1 L* and masses below 10^8 Mo. Combined with our HST optical and near-IR photometry, these IRAC data will be critical to determining accurate stellar masses for both passive and active galaxies in our survey. We will determine the evolution of the faint end slope of the stellar mass function and the mass-metallicity relation down to low-mass galaxies. The addition of the IRAC photometry will also provide much stronger constraints on dust extinction and star formation history, especially when combined with information available from the emission lines themselves.

Predictors of switch to and early outcomes on third-line antiretroviral therapy at a large public-sector clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa.

PubMed

Evans, Denise; Hirasen, Kamban; Berhanu, Rebecca; Malete, Given; Ive, Prudence; Spencer, David; Badal-Faesen, Sharlaa; Sanne, Ian M; Fox, Matthew P

2018-04-10

While efficacy data exist, there are limited data on the outcomes of patients on third-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa in actual practice. Being able to identify predictors of switch to third-line ART will be essential for planning for future need. We identify predictors of switch to third-line ART among patients with significant viraemia on a protease inhibitor (PI)-based second-line ART regimen. Additionally, we describe characteristics of all patients on third-line at a large public sector HIV clinic and present their early outcomes. Retrospective analysis of adults (≥ 18 years) on a PI-based second-line ART regimen at Themba Lethu Clinic, Johannesburg, South Africa as of 01 August 2012, when third-line treatment became available in South Africa, with significant viraemia on second-line ART (defined as at least one viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL on second-line ART after 01 August 2012) to identify predictors of switch to third-line (determined by genotype resistance testing). Third-line ART was defined as a regimen containing etravirine, raltegravir or ritonavir boosted darunavir, between August 2012 and January 2016. To assess predictors of switch to third-line ART we used Cox proportional hazards regression among those with significant viraemia on second-line ART after 01 August 2012. Then among all patients on third-line ART we describe viral load suppression, defined as a viral load < 400 copies/mL, after starting third-line ART. Among 719 patients in care and on second-line ART as of August 2012 (with at least one viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL after 01 August 2012), 36 (5.0% over a median time of 54 months) switched to third-line. Time on second-line therapy (≥ 96 vs. < 96 weeks) (adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR): 2.53 95% CI 1.03-6.22) and never reaching virologic suppression while on second-line ART (aHR: 3.37 95% CI 1.47-7.73) were identified as predictors of switch. In a separate cohort of patients on third-line ART, 78.3% (47/60) and 83.3% (35/42) of those in care and with a viral load suppressed their viral load at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Our results show that the need for third-line is low (5%), but that patients' who switch to third-line ART have good early treatment outcomes and are able to suppress their viral load. Adherence counselling and resistance testing should be prioritized for patients that are at risk of failure, in particular those who never suppress on second-line and those who have been on PI-based regimen for extended periods.

Analyse dynamique des lignes de grande portee sous charges de vent

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ashby, Mathieu

There are two types of electric crossing : i) subterranean / submarine line ii) overhead-line crossing. We always consider the last one as a more economic option. The inconvenience of an overhead-line crossing would be the environmental constraints among which the existing obstacles, the clearance for the navigation and the aesthetics demanded by the public. The overhead-line crossings usually have conductors of long ranges which are outside of the field of application for the current transmission line codes. These are limited to reaches of a length included between 200 m and 800 m, as well as a height of support lower than 60 m. However, for reaches over 800 m and over a height over 60 m, the criteria of conception in the transmission line codes for the calculation of wind loads are not applicable. In this study we concentrate on loads on the supports owed to the limit wind applied to bare conductors and insulators chains The objective of the present study is to examine the effect of the temporal and spatial correlation of the wind load along the conductors on a finite element model. A special attention was brought to the evaluation of the importance of the dynamic load transmitted on by the conductors and the insulators chains for the case of a turbulent wind load. The numerical study on finite element model for the example of a overhead-line crossing was done with the software ADINA. The wind load for the finite element model for the example of a overhead-line crossing was generated by the software WindGen which uses the method of Simiu-Scanlan and the method of spectral representation developed by Shinozuka-Deodatis. Wind loads generated where integrated into the finite element model ADINA for a dynamic analysis of the overhead-line crossing. For the first part, the current methods are used to calculate the efforts in supports due to the wind loads with an engineering approach and a comparaison approach. The current methods are then compared with the efforts obtained from an advanced method, transient dynamic and spectral stochastic, and specifically for the case of a simple overhead-line and an overhead-line crossings. For the second part, the effect of the longitudinal correlation of the wind load on two parallel conductors was examined. Finally, dynamic experiments on an insulators chain were made to determine the variation of the damping and the rigidity of the system for different type of insulators, different speed of application of the load and the inclination of the insulator. Key words : transient dynamics, spectral stochastic, turbulent wind, conductor, aerodynamic damping, structural damping, spatial correlation, wind spectra

Timing of oil and gas generation of petroleum systems in the Southwestern Wyoming Province

USGS Publications Warehouse

Roberts, L.N.R.; Lewan, M.D.; Finn, T.M.

2004-01-01

Burial history, thermal maturity, and timing of petroleum generation were modeled for eight key source-rock horizons at seven locations throughout the Southwestern Wyoming Province. The horizons are the bases of the Lower Permian Phosphoria Formation, the Upper Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Niobrara Formation, Baxter Shale (and equivalents), upper part of the Mesaverde Group, Lewis Shale, Lance Formation, and the Tertiary (Paleocene) Fort Union Formation. Burial history locations include three in the deepest parts of the province (Adobe Town in the Washakie Basin, Eagles Nest in the Great Divide Basin, and Wagon Wheel in the northern Green River Basin); two at intermediate basin depths (Federal 31-1 and Currant, Creek in the central and southern parts of the Green River Basin, respectively); and two relatively shallow locations (Bear 1 on the southeastern margin of the Sand Wash Basin and Bruff 2 on the Moxa arch). An overall ranking of the burial history locations in order of decreasing thermal maturity is Adobe Town > Eagles Nest > Wagon Wheel > Currant Creek > Federal 31-1 > Bear-1 > Bruff 2. The results of the models indicate that peak petroleum generation from Cretaceous oil- and gas-prone source rocks in the deepest parts of the province occurred from Late Cretaceous through middle Eocene. At the modeled locations, peak oil generation from source rocks of the Phosphoria Formation, which contain type-IIS kerogen, occurred in the Late Cretaceous (80 to 73 million years ago (Ma)). Gas generation from the cracking of Phosphoria oil reached a peak in the late Paleocene (57 Ma) only in the deepest parts of the province. The Mowry Shale, Niobrara Formation, and Baxter Shale (and equivalents) contain type-IIS or a mix of type-II and type-III kerogens. Oil generation from these units, in the deepest parts of the province, reached peak rates during the latest Cretaceous to early Paleocene (66 to 61 Ma). Only at these deepest locations did these units reach peak gas generation from the cracking of oil, which occurred in the early to late Eocene (52 to 41 Ma). For the Mesaverde Group, which also contains a mix of type-II and type-III kerogen, peak oil generation occurred only in the deepest parts of the province during middle Eocene (50 to 41 Ma). Only at Adobe Town did cracking of oil occur and gas generation reach peak in the earliest Oligocene (33 Ma). Gas-prone source rocks (type-III kerogen) of the Mowry and Baxter (and equivalents) Shales reached peak gas generation in the latest Cretaceous (66 Ma) in the deepest parts of the province. At the shallower Bear 1 location, the Mancos Shale (Baxter equivalent) source rocks reached peak gas generation at about this same time. Gas generation from the gas-prone Mesaverde source rocks started at all of the modeled locations, but reached peak generation at only the deepest locations in the early Eocene (54 to 49 Ma). The Lewis Shale, Lance Formation, and Fort Union Formation all contain gas-prone source rocks with type-III kerogen. Peak generation of gas from the Lewis Shale occurred only at Eagles Nest and Adobe Town in the early Eocene (52 Ma). Source rocks of the Lance reached peak gas generation only at the deepest locations during the middle Eocene (48 to 45 Ma) and the Fort Union reached peak gas generation only at Adobe Town also in the middle Eocene (44 Ma).

Characterization of a stratigraphically constrained gas hydrate system along the western continental margin of Svalbard from ocean bottom seismometer data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chabert, Anne; Minshull, Tim A.; Westbrook, Graham K.; Berndt, Christian; Thatcher, Kate E.; Sarkar, Sudipta

2011-12-01

The ongoing warming of bottom water in the Arctic region is anticipated to destabilize some of the gas hydrate present in shallow seafloor sediment, potentially causing the release of methane from dissociating hydrate into the ocean and the atmosphere. Ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) experiments were conducted along the continental margin of western Svalbard to quantify the amount of methane present as hydrate or gas beneath the seabed. P- and S-wave velocities were modeled for five sites along the continental margin, using ray-trace forward modeling. Two southern sites were located in the vicinity of a 30 km long zone where methane gas bubbles escaping from the seafloor were observed during the cruise. The three remaining sites were located along an E-W orientated line in the north of the margin. At the deepest northern site, Vp anomalies indicate the presence of hydrate in the sediment immediately overlying a zone containing free gas up to 100-m thick. The acoustic impedance contrast between the two zones forms a bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) at approximately 195 m below the seabed. The two other sites within the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) do not show the clear presence of a BSR or of gas hydrate. However, anomalously low Vp, indicating the presence of free gas, was modeled for both sites. The hydrate content was estimated from Vp and Vs, using effective-medium theory. At the deepest northern site, modeling suggests a pore-space hydrate concentration of 7-12%, if hydrate forms as part of a connected framework, and about 22% if it is pore-filling. At the two other northern sites, located between the deepest site and the landward limit of the GHSZ, we suggest that hydrate is present in the sediment as inclusions. Hydrate may be present in small quantities at these two sites (4-5%) of the pore space. The variation in lithology for the three sites indicated by high-resolution seismic profiles may control the distribution, concentration and formation of hydrate and free gas.

46 CFR 188.05-35 - Load lines-interpretive ruling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Load lines-interpretive ruling. 188.05-35 Section 188.05-35 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-35 Load lines—interpretive ruling. (a) Certificated vessels shall...

46 CFR 188.05-35 - Load lines-interpretive ruling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Load lines-interpretive ruling. 188.05-35 Section 188.05-35 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-35 Load lines—interpretive ruling. (a) Certificated vessels shall...

46 CFR 188.05-35 - Load lines-interpretive ruling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Load lines-interpretive ruling. 188.05-35 Section 188.05-35 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-35 Load lines—interpretive ruling. (a) Certificated vessels shall...

46 CFR 188.05-35 - Load lines-interpretive ruling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Load lines-interpretive ruling. 188.05-35 Section 188.05-35 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-35 Load lines—interpretive ruling. (a) Certificated vessels shall...

46 CFR 188.05-35 - Load lines-interpretive ruling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Load lines-interpretive ruling. 188.05-35 Section 188.05-35 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-35 Load lines—interpretive ruling. (a) Certificated vessels shall...

29 CFR 1926.1431 - Hoisting personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... hook, load line and rigging) must not exceed 50 percent of the rated capacity for the radius and... pursuant to paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the total load (including the hook, load line, rigging and... number required to perform the work, whichever is less. (g) Attachment and rigging. (1) Hooks and other...

29 CFR 1926.1431 - Hoisting personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... hook, load line and rigging) must not exceed 50 percent of the rated capacity for the radius and... pursuant to paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the total load (including the hook, load line, rigging and... number required to perform the work, whichever is less. (g) Attachment and rigging—(1) Hooks and other...

Traction Aid for Wheeled Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-07-01

driver’s position in the load vehicle to assist him in applying constant braking loads, 4) a drum and line fifth wheel sys- tem attached to the load...in Alaskan snow, and the results were so encouraging that further testing of the device was requested. In comparison to tire chains, the Tyr-Trac...vehicle with the end of the line anchored and the speed of the line played off the drum measuring the actual vehicle speed. An eight channel

KSC-08pd1414

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-17

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- At pad 17-B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, workers secure the lines of the hoist that will lift the GLAST spacecraft into the mobile service tower. In the tower, GLAST will be mated with the Delta II second stage. GLAST is a powerful space observatory that will explore the Universe's ultimate frontier, where nature harnesses forces and energies far beyond anything possible on Earth; probe some of science's deepest questions, such as what our Universe is made of, and search for new laws of physics; explain how black holes accelerate jets of material to nearly light speed; and help crack the mystery of stupendously powerful explosions known as gamma-ray bursts. The launch date is targeted no earlier than June 3. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd1413

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-17

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- At pad 17-B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, workers secure the lines of the hoist that will lift the GLAST spacecraft into the mobile service tower. In the tower, GLAST will be mated with the Delta II second stage. GLAST is a powerful space observatory that will explore the Universe's ultimate frontier, where nature harnesses forces and energies far beyond anything possible on Earth; probe some of science's deepest questions, such as what our Universe is made of, and search for new laws of physics; explain how black holes accelerate jets of material to nearly light speed; and help crack the mystery of stupendously powerful explosions known as gamma-ray bursts. The launch date is targeted no earlier than June 3. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Experimental compliance calibration of the compact fracture toughness specimen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fisher, D. M.; Buzzard, R. J.

1980-01-01

Compliances and stress intensity coefficients were determined over crack length to width ratios from 0.1 to 0.8. Displacements were measured at the load points, load line, and crack mouth. Special fixturing was devised to permit accurate measurement of load point displacement. The results are in agreement with the currently used results of boundary collocation analyses. The errors which occur in stress intensity coefficients or specimen energy input determinations made from load line displacement measurements rather than from load point measurements are emphasized.

Force-Strain Characteristics and Rupture-Load Capability of Viking-Type Suspension-Line Material Under Dynamic Loading Conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Poole, Lamont R.; Councill, Earl L., Jr.

1972-01-01

A series of tests has been conducted to investigate the elastic behavior of Viking-type suspension-line material under dynamic loading conditions. Results indicate that there is a decrease in both rupture-load capability and elongation at rupture as the test strain rate is increased. Preliminary examination of force-strain characteristics indicates that, on the average, the material exhibits some type of viscous effect which results in a greater force being produced, for a particular value of strain, under dynamic loading conditions than that produced under quasi-static loading conditions. A great deal of uncertainty exists in defining a priori the tensile properties of viscoelastic materials, such as nylon or dacron, under dynamic loading conditions. Additional uncertainty enters the picture when woven configurations such as suspension,line material are considered. To eliminate these uncertainties, with respect to the Viking parachute configuration, a test program has been conducted to obtain data on the tensile properties of Viking-type suspension-line material over a wide range of strain rates. Based on preliminary examination of these data, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. Material rupture-load capability decreases as strain-rate is increased. At strain rates above 75 percent/sec, no rupture loads were observed which would meet the minimum tensile strength specification of 880 pounds. 2. The material, on the average, exhibits some type of viscous effect which, for a particular value of strain, produces a greater load under dynamic loading conditions than that produced under quasi-static loading conditions.

The Effect of Suspension-Line Length on Viking Parachute Inflation Loads

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Talay, Theodore A.; Poole, Lamont R.; Whitlock, Charles H.

1971-01-01

Analytical calculations have considered the effect on maximum load of increasing the suspension-line length on the Viking parachute. Results indicate that unfurling time is increased to 1.85 seconds from 1.45 seconds, and that maximum loads are increased approximately 5 percent with an uncertainty of -4 percent to +3 percent.

Structural Analysis of Pressurized Small Diameter Lines in a Random Vibration Environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, Mark; Ridnour, Andrew; Brethen, Mark

2011-01-01

The pressurization and propellant feed lines for the Ares 1 Upper Stage Reaction and Roll Control Systems (ReCS and RoCS) were required to be in a high g-load random vibration flight environment. The lines connected the system components and were filled with both liquid hydrazine and gaseous helium. They are considered small and varied between one fourth to one inch in diameter. The random vibration of the lines was considered to be base excitation through the mating components and mounting hardware. It was found that reducing the amount of support structure for the lines added flexibility to the system and improved the line stresses from random vibration, but caused higher stresses from the static g-loads. The locations and number of brackets were optimized by analyzing the mode shapes of the lines causing high stresses. The use of brackets that only constrain motion in the direction of concern further reduced the stresses in the lines. Finite element analysis was used to perform the analysis. The lines were pre-stressed by temperature and internal pressure with fluid and insulation included as non-structural mass. Base excitation was added to the model using Power Spectral Density (PSD) data for the expected flight loads. The random vibration and static g-load cases were combined to obtain the total stress in the lines. This approach advances the state of the art in line analysis by using FEA to predict the stresses in the lines and to optimize the entire system based on the expected flight environment. Adding flexibility to lines has been used in piping system for temperature loads, but in flight environments flexibility has been limited for the static stresses. Adding flexibility to the system in a flight environment by reducing brackets has the benefit of reducing stresses and weight

2MASS J22560844+5954299: the newly discovered cataclysmic star with the deepest eclipse

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kjurkchieva, D.; Khruzina, T.; Dimitrov, D.; Groebel, R.; Ibryamov, S.; Nikolov, G.

2015-12-01

Context. The SW Sex stars are assumed to represent a distinguished stage in cataclysmic variable (CV) evolution, making it especially important to study them. Aims: We discovered a new cataclysmic star and carried out prolonged and precise photometric observations, as well as medium-resolution spectral observations. Modelling these data allowed us to determine the physical parameters and to establish its peculiarities. Methods: To obtain a light curve solution we used model whose emission sources are a white dwarf surrounded by an accretion disk with a hot spot, a gaseous stream near the disk's lateral side, and a secondary star filling its Roche lobe. The obtained physical parameters are compared with those of other SW Sex-subtype stars. Results: The newly discovered cataclysmic variable 2MASS J22560844+5954299 shows the deepest eclipse amongst the known nova-like stars. It was reproduced by totally covering a very luminous accretion disk by a red secondary component. The temperature distribution of the disk is flatter than that of steady-state disk. The target is unusual with the combination of a low mass ratio q ~ 1.0 (considerably below the limit q = 1.2 of stable mass transfer of CVs) and an M-star secondary. The intensity of the observed three emission lines, Hα, He 5875, and He 6678, sharply increases around phase 0.0, accompanied by a Doppler jump to the shorter wavelength. The absence of eclipses of the emission lines and their single-peaked profiles means that they originate mainly in a vertically extended hot-spot halo. The emission Hα line reveals S-wave wavelength shifts with semi-amplitude of around 210 km s-1 and phase lag of 0.03. Conclusions: The non-steady-state emission of the luminous accretion disk of 2MASS J22560844+5954299 was attributed to the low viscosity of the disk matter caused by its unusually high temperature. The star shows all spectral properties of an SW Sex variable apart from the 0.5 central absorption. Based on data collected with the telescopes at Rozhen National Astronomical Observatory.Spectra (FITS files) are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/584/A40

The Location of the Deepest Point of the Eyeball Determines the Optic Disc Configuration.

PubMed

Kim, Yong Chan; Jung, Younhea; Park, Hae-Young Lopilly; Park, Chan Kee

2017-07-19

Tilted and rotated appearances are hallmarks of the myopic optic disc. As the eyeball grows axially, the posterior pole elongates not only globally but in a localized manner as well. In this process, the optic disc is pulled towards the deepest point of the elongated eyeball, which might result in a change in optic disc configuration. Thus, we hypothesized that analyzing the variation of posterior pole contour can play a major role in understanding optic disc configuration in myopic subjects. By analyzing consecutive images of swept source OCT coronal sections at the posterior pole, the deepest interface between Bruch's membrane and the choroid could be identified as the deepest point of the eyeball (DPE). The location and the properties of the DPE differed significantly between the 125 eyes of non-glaucomatous myopic group and the 40 eyes of non-glaucomatous emmetropic group classified based on 24 mm axial length. The results suggested that the larger disc to DPE angle and the larger disc to DPE depth strongly predicts the optic disc torsion degree and the optic disc tilt. Our findings suggest that identifying the posterior pole profile plays a major role in understanding the optic disc alterations found in myopic subjects.

46 CFR 45.181 - Load line exemption requirements for the Burns Harbor and Milwaukee routes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Load line exemption requirements for the Burns Harbor... line exemption requirements for the Burns Harbor and Milwaukee routes. Barges operating on the Burns... addresses and telephone numbers); (3) Service route (Milwaukee and/or Burns Harbor); (4) Design type...

46 CFR 45.181 - Load line exemption requirements for the Burns Harbor and Milwaukee routes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Load line exemption requirements for the Burns Harbor... line exemption requirements for the Burns Harbor and Milwaukee routes. Barges operating on the Burns... addresses and telephone numbers); (3) Service route (Milwaukee and/or Burns Harbor); (4) Design type...

46 CFR 45.181 - Load line exemption requirements for the Burns Harbor and Milwaukee routes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Load line exemption requirements for the Burns Harbor... line exemption requirements for the Burns Harbor and Milwaukee routes. Barges operating on the Burns... addresses and telephone numbers); (3) Service route (Milwaukee and/or Burns Harbor); (4) Design type...

46 CFR 45.181 - Load line exemption requirements for the Burns Harbor and Milwaukee routes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Load line exemption requirements for the Burns Harbor... line exemption requirements for the Burns Harbor and Milwaukee routes. Barges operating on the Burns... addresses and telephone numbers); (3) Service route (Milwaukee and/or Burns Harbor); (4) Design type...

46 CFR 45.181 - Load line exemption requirements for the Burns Harbor and Milwaukee routes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Load line exemption requirements for the Burns Harbor... line exemption requirements for the Burns Harbor and Milwaukee routes. Barges operating on the Burns... (Milwaukee and/or Burns Harbor); (4) Design type (covered/uncovered hopper, deck, etc.); (5) External...

On-line IR analyzer system to monitor cephamycin C loading on ion-exchange resin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shank, Sheldon; Russ, Warren; Gravatt, Douglas; Lee, Wesley; Donahue, Steven M.

1992-08-01

An on-line infrared analyzer is being developed for monitoring cephamycin C loading on ion exchange resin. Accurate measurement of product loading offers productivity improvements with direct savings from product loss avoidance, minimized raw material cost, and reduced off-line laboratory testing. Ultrafiltered fermentation broth is fed onto ion exchange columns under conditions which adsorb the product, cephamycin C, to the resin while allowing impurities to pass unretained. Product loading is stopped when the on-line analyzer determines that resin capacity for adsorbing product is nearly exhausted. Infrared spectroscopy has been shown capable of quantifying cephamycin C in the process matrix at concentrations that support process control decisions. Process-to-analyzer interface challenges have been resolved, including sample conditioning requirements. Analyzer requirements have been defined. The sample conditioning station is under design.

76 FR 32323 - Limited Service Domestic Voyage Load Lines for River Barges on Lake Michigan

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-06

...-AA17 Limited Service Domestic Voyage Load Lines for River Barges on Lake Michigan AGENCY: Coast Guard... for certain river barges operating on Lake Michigan, as established in the final rule published on... in the Federal Register (75 FR 70595) (2010 final rule) that finalized the special Lake Michigan load...

Erlotinib-loaded albumin nanoparticles: A novel injectable form of erlotinib and its in vivo efficacy against pancreatic adenocarcinoma ASPC-1 and PANC-1 cell lines.

PubMed

Noorani, M; Azarpira, N; Karimian, K; Heli, H

2017-10-05

Erlotinib was loaded on albumin nanoparticles for the first time and the cytotoxic effect of the resulting nanoparticles against ASPC-1 and PANC-1 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines was evaluated. The carrier (albumin nanoparticles, ANPs) was synthesized by desolvation method using a mixed solvent followed by thermal crosslinking for stabilization. ANPs and the drug-loaded ANPs were characterized by field emission scanning and transmission electron microscopies, particle size analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The nanoformulation had a size of <14nm with a good monodispersity. Drug loading and encapsulation efficiencies were evaluated as 27 and 44%. Cytotoxicity assays after 72h revealed the potential of ANPs to improve erlotinib toxicity (54% against 34% of free drug toward ASPC-1 cell line, and 52% against 30% toward PANC-1 cell line). Values of IC 50 were obtained for both cell lines and indicated significant reduction in the erlotinib dose necessary for killing the cells, while, ANPs were completely safe. The results demonstrated that erlotinib-loaded ANPs had a remarkable potential for pancreatic cancer drug delivery. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Malaligned dynamic anterior cervical plate: a biomechanical analysis of effectiveness.

PubMed

Lawrence, Brandon D; Patel, Alpesh A; Guss, Andrew; Ryan Spiker, W; Brodke, Darrel S

2014-12-01

Biomechanical evaluation. To evaluate the kinematic and load-sharing differences of dynamic anterior cervical plates when placed in-line at 0° and off-axis at 20°. The use of dynamic anterior cervical plating systems has recently gained popularity due to the theoretical benefit of improved load sharing with graft subsidence. Occasionally, due to anatomical restraints, the anterior cervical plate may be placed off-axis in the coronal plane. This may potentially decrease the dynamization capability of the plate, leading to less load sharing and potentially decreased fusion rates. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the kinematic and load-sharing differences of a dynamic plate placed in-line versus off-axis in the coronal plane. Thirteen fresh-frozen human cadaveric cervical spines (C2-T1) were used. Nondestructive range-of-motion testing was performed with a pneumatically controlled spine simulator in flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation using the OptoTrak motion measurement system. A C5 corpectomy was performed, and a custom interbody spacer with an integrated load cell collected load-sharing data under axial compression at varying loads. A dynamic anterior cervical plate was placed in-line at 0° and then off-axis at 20°. Testing conditions ensued using a full-length spacer, followed by simulated subsidence by removing 10% of the height of the original spacer. There were no kinematic differences noted in the in-line model versus the off-axis model. After simulated subsidence, the small decreases in stiffness and increases in motion were similar whether the plate was placed in-line or off-axis in all 3 planes of motion. There were also no significant differences in the load-sharing characteristics of the in-line plate versus the off-axis plate in either the full-length model or the subsided interbody model. This study suggests that off-axis dynamic plate positioning does not significantly impact construct kinematics or graft load sharing. As such, we do not recommend removal or repositioning of an off-axis placed dynamic plate because the kinematic and load-sharing biomechanical properties are similar. N/A.

Robustness of power systems under a democratic-fiber-bundle-like model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yaǧan, Osman

2015-06-01

We consider a power system with N transmission lines whose initial loads (i.e., power flows) L1,...,LN are independent and identically distributed with PL(x ) =P [L ≤x ] . The capacity Ci defines the maximum flow allowed on line i and is assumed to be given by Ci=(1 +α ) Li , with α >0 . We study the robustness of this power system against random attacks (or failures) that target a p fraction of the lines, under a democratic fiber-bundle-like model. Namely, when a line fails, the load it was carrying is redistributed equally among the remaining lines. Our contributions are as follows. (i) We show analytically that the final breakdown of the system always takes place through a first-order transition at the critical attack size p=1 -E/[L ] maxx(P [L >x ](α x +E [L |L >x ]) ) , where E [.] is the expectation operator; (ii) we derive conditions on the distribution PL(x ) for which the first-order breakdown of the system occurs abruptly without any preceding diverging rate of failure; (iii) we provide a detailed analysis of the robustness of the system under three specific load distributions—uniform, Pareto, and Weibull—showing that with the minimum load Lmin and mean load E [L ] fixed, Pareto distribution is the worst (in terms of robustness) among the three, whereas Weibull distribution is the best with shape parameter selected relatively large; (iv) we provide numerical results that confirm our mean-field analysis; and (v) we show that p is maximized when the load distribution is a Dirac delta function centered at E [L ] , i.e., when all lines carry the same load. This last finding is particularly surprising given that heterogeneity is known to lead to high robustness against random failures in many other systems.

Analysis of Relative Parallelism Between Hamular-Incisive-Papilla Plane and Campers Plane in Edentulous Subjects: A Comparative Study.

PubMed

Tambake, Deepti; Shetty, Shilpa; Satish Babu, C L; Fulari, Sangamesh G

2014-12-01

The study was undertaken to evaluate the parallelism between hamular-incisive-papilla plane (HIP) and the Campers plane. And to determine which part of the posterior reference of the tragus i.e., the superior, middle or the inferior of the Camper's plane is parallel to HIP using digital lateral cephalograms. Fifty edentulous subjects with well formed ridges were selected for the study. The master casts were obtained using the standard selective pressure impression procedure. On the deepest point of the hamular notches and the centre of the incisive papilla stainless steel spherical bearings were glued to the cast at the marked points. The study templates were fabricated with autopolymerizing acrylic resin. The subjects were prepared for the lateral cephalograms. Stainless steel spherical bearings were adhered to the superior, middle, inferior points of the tragus of the ear and inferior border of the ala of the nose using surgical adhesive tape. The subjects with study templates were subjected to lateral cephalograms. Cephalometric tracings were done using Autocad 2010 software. Lines were drawn connecting the incisive papilla and hamular notch and the stainless steel spherical bearings placed on the superior, middle and inferior points on the tragus and the ala of the nose i.e., the Campers line S, Campers line M, Campers line I. The angles between the three Camper's line and the HIP were measured and recorded. Higher mean angulation was recorded in Campers line S -HIP (8.03) followed by Campers line M-HIP (4.60). Campers line I-HIP recorded the least angulation (3.80). The HIP is parallel to the Camper's plane. The Camper's plane formed with the posterior reference point as inferior point of the tragus is relatively parallel to the HIP.

36. ASSEMBLY LINE AREA FROM NEAR INTERIOR LOADING DOCK. VIEW ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

36. ASSEMBLY LINE AREA FROM NEAR INTERIOR LOADING DOCK. VIEW TO WEST-NORTHWEST. - Ford Motor Company Long Beach Assembly Plant, Assembly Building, 700 Henry Ford Avenue, Long Beach, Los Angeles County, CA

Network Characteristics and Dynamics: Reciprocity, Competition and Information Dissemination

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-01

AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION A Dissertation Presented by BO JIANG Approved as to style and content by: Don Towsley, Chair Weibo Gong, Member Matthias...my parents . ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my deepest thanks to my advisor, Prof. Don Towsley, who has always been encouraging, supportive...deepest gratitude to my parents and all my extended family members for their constant love and support. This work was supported in part by DoD ARO MURI

Genetic load makes cancer cells more sensitive to common drugs: evidence from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia.

PubMed

Pavel, Ana B; Korolev, Kirill S

2017-05-16

Genetic alterations initiate tumors and enable the evolution of drug resistance. The pro-cancer view of mutations is however incomplete, and several studies show that mutational load can reduce tumor fitness. Given its negative effect, genetic load should make tumors more sensitive to anticancer drugs. Here, we test this hypothesis across all major types of cancer from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, which provides genetic and expression data of 496 cell lines together with their response to 24 common anticancer drugs. We found that the efficacy of 9 out of 24 drugs showed significant association with genetic load in a pan-cancer analysis. The associations for some tissue-drug combinations were remarkably strong, with genetic load explaining up to 83% of the variance in the drug response. Overall, the role of genetic load depended on both the drug and the tissue type with 10 tissues being particularly vulnerable to genetic load. We also identified changes in gene expression associated with increased genetic load, which included cell-cycle checkpoints, DNA damage and apoptosis. Our results show that genetic load is an important component of tumor fitness and can predict drug sensitivity. Beyond being a biomarker, genetic load might be a new, unexplored vulnerability of cancer.

Dual-Band Microstrip Antenna With Reactive Loading

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davidson, Shayla E.

1988-01-01

Effective but bulky coaxial stub replaced. Short-circuited microstrip transmission line serves as reactive loading element for microstrip antenna. Constructed integrally with stripline radiating element, shorted line preserves low microstrip profile and enables tuning of antenna for two-band operation.

Full-scale phosphorus recovery from digested waste water sludge in Belgium - part I: technical achievements and challenges.

PubMed

Marchi, A; Geerts, S; Weemaes, M; Schiettecatte, W; Wim, S; Vanhoof, C; Christine, V

2015-01-01

To date, phosphorus recovery as struvite in wastewater treatment plants has been mainly implemented on water phases resulting from dewatering processes of the sludge line. However, it is possible to recover struvite directly from sludge phases. Besides minimising the return loads of phosphorus from the sludge line to the water line, placing such a process within the sludge line is claimed to offer advantages such as a higher recovery potential, enhanced dewaterability of the treated sludge, and reduced speed of scaling in pipes and dewatering devices. In the wastewater treatment plant at Leuven (Belgium), a full-scale struvite recovery process from digested sludge has been tested for 1 year. Several monitoring campaigns and experiments provided indications of the efficiency of the process for recovery. The load of phosphorus from the sludge line returning to the water line as centrate accounted for 15% of the P-load of the plant in the reference situation. Data indicated that the process divides this phosphorus load by two. An improved dewaterability of 1.5% of dry solids content was achieved, provided a proper tuning of the installation. Quality analyses showed that the formed struvite was quite pure.

Marine fish may be biochemically constrained from inhabiting the deepest ocean depths

PubMed Central

Yancey, Paul H.; Gerringer, Mackenzie E.; Drazen, Jeffrey C.; Rowden, Ashley A.; Jamieson, Alan

2014-01-01

No fish have been found in the deepest 25% of the ocean (8,400–11,000 m). This apparent absence has been attributed to hydrostatic pressure, although direct evidence is wanting because of the lack of deepest-living species to study. The common osmolyte trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) stabilizes proteins against pressure and increases with depth, going from 40 to 261 mmol/kg in teleost fishes from 0 to 4,850 m. TMAO accumulation with depth results in increasing internal osmolality (typically 350 mOsmol/kg in shallow species compared with seawater's 1,100 mOsmol/kg). Preliminary extrapolation of osmolalities of predicted isosmotic state at 8,000–8,500 m may indicate a possible physiological limit, as greater depths would require reversal of osmotic gradients and, thus, osmoregulatory systems. We tested this prediction by capturing five of the second-deepest known fish, the hadal snailfish (Notoliparis kermadecensis; Liparidae), from 7,000 m in the Kermadec Trench. We found their muscles to have a TMAO content of 386 ± 18 mmol/kg and osmolality of 991 ± 22 mOsmol/kg. These data fit previous extrapolations and, combined with new osmolalities from bathyal and abyssal fishes, predict isosmotic state at 8,200 m. This is previously unidentified evidence that biochemistry could constrain the depth of a large, complex taxonomic group. PMID:24591588

Application of PSAT to Load Flow Analysis with STATCOM under Load Increase Scenario and Line Contingencies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Telang, Aparna S.; Bedekar, P. P.

2017-09-01

Load flow analysis is the initial and essential step for any power system computation. It is required for choosing better options for power system expansion to meet with ever increasing load demand. Implementation of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device like STATCOM, in the load flow, which is having fast and very flexible control, is one of the important tasks for power system researchers. This paper presents a simple and systematic approach for steady state power flow calculations with FACTS controller, static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) using command line usage of MATLAB tool-power system analysis toolbox (PSAT). The complexity of MATLAB language programming increases due to incorporation of STATCOM in an existing Newton-Raphson load flow algorithm. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is to show how command line usage of user friendly MATLAB tool, PSAT, can extensively be used for quicker and wider interpretation of the results of load flow with STATCOM. The novelty of this paper lies in the method of applying the load increase pattern, where the active and reactive loads have been changed simultaneously at all the load buses under consideration for creating stressed conditions for load flow analysis with STATCOM. The performance have been evaluated on many standard IEEE test systems and the results for standard IEEE-30 bus system, IEEE-57 bus system, and IEEE-118 bus system are presented.

Tablet splitting and weight uniformity of half-tablets of 4 medications in pharmacy practice.

PubMed

Tahaineh, Linda M; Gharaibeh, Shadi F

2012-08-01

Tablet splitting is a common practice for multiple reasons including cost savings; however, it does not necessarily result in weight-uniform half-tablets. To determine weight uniformity of half-tablets resulting from splitting 4 products available in the Jordanian market and investigate the effect of tablet characteristics on weight uniformity of half-tablets. Ten random tablets each of warfarin 5 mg, digoxin 0.25 mg, phenobarbital 30 mg, and prednisolone 5 mg were weighed and split by 6 PharmD students using a knife. The resulting half-tablets were weighed and evaluated for weight uniformity. Other relevant physical characteristics of the 4 products were measured. The average tablet hardness of the sampled tablets ranged from 40.3 N to 68.9 N. Digoxin, phenobarbital, and prednisolone half-tablets failed the weight uniformity test; however, warfarin half-tablets passed. Digoxin, warfarin, and phenobarbital tablets had a score line and warfarin tablets had the deepest score line of 0.81 mm. Splitting warfarin tablets produces weight-uniform half-tablets that may possibly be attributed to the hardness and the presence of a deep score line. Digoxin, phenobarbital, and prednisolone tablet splitting produces highly weight variable half-tablets. This can be of clinical significance in the case of the narrow therapeutic index medication digoxin.

High sensitive FBG load cell for icing of overhead transmission lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mao, Naiqiang; Ma, Guoming; Li, Chengrong; Li, Yabo; Shi, Cheng; Du, Yue

2017-04-01

Heavy ice coating of overhead transmission lines created the serious threat on the safe operation of power grid. The measurement of conductor icing had been an effective and reliable methods to prevent potential risks, such as conductor breakage, insulator flashover and tower collapse. Because of the advantages of immunity to electromagnetic interference and no demand for power supply in site, the optical load cell has been widely applied in monitoring the ice coating of overhead transmission lines. In this paper, we have adopted the shearing structure with additional grooves as elastic element of load cell to detect the eccentric load. Then, two welding package fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) were mounted onto the grooves of elastic element with a direction deviation of 90° to eliminate temperature effects on strain measurement without extra FBG. After that, to avoid the occurrence of load cell breakage in heavy load measurement, the protection part has been proposed and added to the elastic element. The results of tension experiments indicate that the resolution of the load cell is 7.78 N in the conventional measuring range (0-10 kN). And in addition, the load cell proposed in this paper also has a good performance in actual experiment in which the load and temperature change simultaneously.

Energy absorption device for shock loading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Howard, C. D.; Lagrange, Donald E.; Beatty, David A.; Littman, David C.

1995-02-01

A shock energy absorbing device provides shock protection for the riser line employed to attach an aerodynamic deceleration device to a primary body during deployment of the system into an airstream. During deployment, for example, by dropping an unopened parachute and attached load or by rocket delivery of the unopened parachute and attached load, the parachute is made to open at a desired altitude whereupon very large shock tension forces are generated which are applied to the line. In order to protect the line from failing under these forces and to reduce the requirement for a bulky, heavy line, a shock absorber is provided in the form of a block having one or more breakable web portions formed therein and through which the riser line is threaded. Upon deployment of the system into an airstream, the shock tension forces operate to fracture some or all of the breakable web portions thereby dissipating the shock energy generated during deployment and protecting the riser line from failure.

A-E Services to Perform a Cathodic Protection Survey of the Bulk Fuel Terminals at N.S.C. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Volume I.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-01

20) From VC-D to VC-E a. 8" Avgas Line - Coated Steel (21) From FC -E to Victor Dock #1 a. 12" Avgas Line - Coated Steel (22) From Air Force Scraper...14. Bldg. S776 3" Ballast Line to VC-2 - 775 3" Ballast Line to Loading Rack - 775 15. 6" Water Line, 10’ N of Bldg. S776 - 745 6" AFFF Line, N of...S776 3" Ballast line to VC-2 - 740 - 775 35 3" Ballast line to Loading Rack - 740 - 775 35 15. 6" Water line 10’ N of Bldg. S776 - 710 - 745 35 6" AFFF

Dry etch challenges for CD shrinkage in memory process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsushita, Takaya; Matsumoto, Takanori; Mukai, Hidefumi; Kyoh, Suigen; Hashimoto, Kohji

2015-03-01

Line pattern collapse attracts attention as a new problem of the L&S formation in sub-20nm H.P feature. Line pattern collapse that occurs in a slight non-uniformity of adjacent CD (Critical dimension) space using double patterning process has been studied with focus on micro-loading effect in Si etching. Bias RF pulsing plasma etching process using low duty cycle helped increase of selectivity Si to SiO2. In addition to the effect of Bias RF pulsing process, the thin mask obtained from improvement of selectivity has greatly suppressed micro-loading in Si etching. However it was found that micro-loading effect worsen again in sub-20nm space width. It has been confirmed that by using cycle etch process to remove deposition with CFx based etching micro-loading effect could be suppressed. Finally, Si etching process condition using combination of results above could provide finer line and space without "line pattern collapse" in sub-20nm.

Short-term impact of deep sand extraction and ecosystem-based landscaping on macrozoobenthos and sediment characteristics.

PubMed

de Jong, Maarten F; Baptist, Martin J; Lindeboom, Han J; Hoekstra, Piet

2015-08-15

We studied short-term changes in macrozoobenthos in a 20m deep borrow pit. A boxcorer was used to sample macrobenthic infauna and a bottom sledge was used to sample macrobenthic epifauna. Sediment characteristics were determined from the boxcore samples, bed shear stress and near-bed salinity were estimated with a hydrodynamic model. Two years after the cessation of sand extraction, macrozoobenthic biomass increased fivefold in the deepest areas. Species composition changed significantly and white furrow shell (Abra alba) became abundant. Several sediment characteristics also changed significantly in the deepest parts. Macrozoobenthic species composition and biomass significantly correlated with time after cessation of sand extraction, sediment and hydrographical characteristics. Ecosystem-based landscaped sand bars were found to be effective in influencing sediment characteristics and macrozoobenthic assemblage. Significant changes in epifauna occurred in deepest parts in 2012 which coincided with the highest sedimentation rate. We recommend continuing monitoring to investigate medium and long-term impacts. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of tornado loads on transmission lines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ishac, M.F.; White, H.B.

Of all the populated areas in Canada, southwestern Ontario has experienced the highest tornado incidence and faces the greatest tornado damage. About 1 or 2 tornadoes per 10,000 km{sup 2} can be expected there annually. The probability of a tornado strike at a given point is very small but the probability of a transmission line being crossed by a tornado is significant. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature related to tornadoes in Ontario and to investigate the effect of tornado loads on transmission lines. Based on this investigation a design basis tornado loading for transmission towersmore » is proposed.« less

Effect of tornado loads on transmission lines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ishac, M.F.; White, H.B.

1994-12-31

Of all the populated areas in Canada, southwestern Ontario has experienced the highest tornado incidence and faces the greatest tornado damage. About 1 or 2 tornadoes per 10,000 km{sup 2} can be expected there annually. The probability of a tornado strike at a given point is very small but the probability of a transmission line being crossed by a tornado is significant. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature related to tornadoes in Ontario and to investigate the effect of tornado loads on transmission lines. Based on this investigation a design basis tornado loading for transmission towersmore » is proposed.« less

Comparison between effects of free curcumin and curcumin loaded NIPAAm-MAA nanoparticles on telomerase and PinX1 gene expression in lung cancer cells.

PubMed

Badrzadeh, Fariba; Akbarzadeh, Abolfazl; Zarghami, Nosratollah; Yamchi, Mohammad Rahmati; Zeighamian, Vahide; Tabatabae, Fateme Sadate; Taheri, Morteza; Kafil, Hossein Samadi

2014-01-01

Herbal compounds such as curcumin which decrease telomerase and gene expression have been considered as beneficial tools for lung cancer treatment. In this article, we compared the effects of pure curcumin and curcumin-loaded NIPAAm-MAA nanoparticles on telomerase and PinX1 gene expression in a lung cancer cell line. A tetrazolium-based assay was used for determination of cytotoxic effects of curcumin on the Calu-6 lung cancer cell line and telomerase and pinX1 gene expression was measured with real-time PCR. MTT assay showed that Curcumin-loaded NIPAAm-MAA inhibited the growth of the Calu-6 lung cancer cell line in a time and dose-dependent manner. Our q-PCR results showed that the expression of telomerase gene was effectively reduced as the concentration of curcumin-loaded NIPAAm-MAA increased while expression of the PinX1 gene became elevated. The results showed that curcumin- loaded- NIPAAm-MAA exerted cytotoxic effects on the Calu-6 cell line through down-regulation of telomerase and stimulation of pinX1 gene expression. NIPPAm-MAA could be good carrier for such kinds of hydrophobic agent.

46 CFR 46.10-65 - Construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Construction. 46.10-65 Section 46.10-65 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-65 Construction. (a) The watertight subdivision of every passenger vessel...

46 CFR 46.10-65 - Construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Construction. 46.10-65 Section 46.10-65 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-65 Construction. (a) The watertight subdivision of every passenger vessel...

46 CFR 46.10-65 - Construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Construction. 46.10-65 Section 46.10-65 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-65 Construction. (a) The watertight subdivision of every passenger vessel...

46 CFR 46.10-65 - Construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Construction. 46.10-65 Section 46.10-65 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-65 Construction. (a) The watertight subdivision of every passenger vessel...

46 CFR 46.10-65 - Construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Construction. 46.10-65 Section 46.10-65 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-65 Construction. (a) The watertight subdivision of every passenger vessel...

Visual perceptual load induces inattentional deafness.

PubMed

Macdonald, James S P; Lavie, Nilli

2011-08-01

In this article, we establish a new phenomenon of "inattentional deafness" and highlight the level of load on visual attention as a critical determinant of this phenomenon. In three experiments, we modified an inattentional blindness paradigm to assess inattentional deafness. Participants made either a low- or high-load visual discrimination concerning a cross shape (respectively, a discrimination of line color or of line length with a subtle length difference). A brief pure tone was presented simultaneously with the visual task display on a final trial. Failures to notice the presence of this tone (i.e., inattentional deafness) reached a rate of 79% in the high-visual-load condition, significantly more than in the low-load condition. These findings establish the phenomenon of inattentional deafness under visual load, thereby extending the load theory of attention (e.g., Lavie, Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance, 25, 596-616, 1995) to address the cross-modal effects of visual perceptual load.

Element specificity of ortho-positronium annihilation for alkali-metal loaded SiO2 glasses.

PubMed

Sato, K; Hatta, T

2015-03-07

Momentum distributions associated with ortho-positronium (o-Ps) pick-off annihilation photon are often influenced by light elements, as, e.g., carbon, oxygen, and fluorine. This phenomenon, so-called element specificity of o-Ps pick-off annihilation, has been utilized for studying the elemental environment around the open spaces. To gain an insight into the element specificity of o-Ps pick-off annihilation, the chemical shift of oxygen 1s binding energy and the momentum distributions associated with o-Ps pick-off annihilation were systematically investigated for alkali-metal loaded SiO2 glasses by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and positron-age-momentum correlation spectroscopy, respectively. Alkali metals introduced into the open spaces surrounded by oxygen atoms cause charge transfer from alkali metals to oxygen atoms, leading to the lower chemical shift for the oxygen 1s binding energy. The momentum distribution of o-Ps localized into the open spaces is found to be closely correlated with the oxygen 1s chemical shift. This correlation with the deepest 1s energy level evidences that the element specificity of o-Ps originates from pick-off annihilation with orbital electrons, i.e., dominantly with oxygen 2p valence electrons and s electrons with lower probability.

Evaluation of Relative Position of Mandibular Foramen in Children as a Reference for Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block using Orthopantamograph.

PubMed

Krishnamurthy, Navin Hadadi; Unnikrishnan, Surej; Ramachandra, Jaya Agali; Arali, Veena

2017-03-01

The Mandibular Foramen (MF) is a landmark for administering local anaesthetic solution for Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB). The position of MF shows considerable variation among different ethnicity, ages and on either sides even within the same individual. Failure to achieve IANB leading to repeated injection of the local anaesthetic solution will not only pose a behaviour problem in children but can also lead to systemic toxic level of anaesthetic solution being administered. To determine the relative position of the mandibular foramen in 7 to 12-year-old children in relation to the mandibular occlusal plane and the deepest point on coronoid notch. Ninety orthopantamograph of 7 to 12-year-old children were selected from the database and were divided into three groups: Group 1 (G1): seven to eight-year-old, Group 2 (G2): 9 to 10-year-old and Group 3 (G3): 11 to 12-year-old. The radiographs were traced on acetate paper, anatomical landmarks were marked and linear measurements were noted from the Mandibular Lingula (ML) to the occlusal plane, and to the deepest point on coronoid notch. The data obtained was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. One way ANOVA test followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis and Student's paired t-test were used. Mandibular foramen is approximately, 2-3 mm above the occlusal plane and 11.6-13.0 mm from deepest point of coronoid notch for seven to eight-year-old children, 3-4 mm above the occlusal plane and 13.0-13.9 mm from deepest point of coronoid notch for 9-10 year age group and 5.5-6.5 mm above the occlusal plane and 11.9-12.2 mm from deepest point of coronoid notch for children of the ages 11-12 years. The linear distance from the deepest point of coronoid notch to the mandibular lingula showed statistical significance in G2 vs G3 on right side G1 vs G2 and G2 vs G3 on the left side. The variance of this distance for either side showed statistical significance for G1 and G2. The distance from the mandibular lingula to the occlusal plane showed gradual increase in all the three groups, which was statistically significant. The position of the mandibular foramen is not bilaterally symmetrically for any of the considered age groups.

46 CFR 46.10-50 - Drills and inspections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Drills and inspections. 46.10-50 Section 46.10-50 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-50 Drills and inspections. (a) For the required drills and...

46 CFR 45.117 - Freeing port area: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES... on the freeboard deck and on the raised quarterdeck must be at least as great as A in the following... bearings of noncorrodible material. If shutters are fitted with securing appliances, these appliances must...

46 CFR 45.117 - Freeing port area: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES... on the freeboard deck and on the raised quarterdeck must be at least as great as A in the following... bearings of noncorrodible material. If shutters are fitted with securing appliances, these appliances must...

46 CFR 45.117 - Freeing port area: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES... on the freeboard deck and on the raised quarterdeck must be at least as great as A in the following... bearings of noncorrodible material. If shutters are fitted with securing appliances, these appliances must...

46 CFR 45.117 - Freeing port area: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES... on the freeboard deck and on the raised quarterdeck must be at least as great as A in the following... bearings of noncorrodible material. If shutters are fitted with securing appliances, these appliances must...

46 CFR 45.117 - Freeing port area: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES... on the freeboard deck and on the raised quarterdeck must be at least as great as A in the following... bearings of noncorrodible material. If shutters are fitted with securing appliances, these appliances must...

46 CFR 46.10-50 - Drills and inspections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Drills and inspections. 46.10-50 Section 46.10-50 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-50 Drills and inspections. (a) For the required drills and...

46 CFR 46.10-50 - Drills and inspections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Drills and inspections. 46.10-50 Section 46.10-50 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-50 Drills and inspections. (a) For the required drills and...

46 CFR 46.10-50 - Drills and inspections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Drills and inspections. 46.10-50 Section 46.10-50 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-50 Drills and inspections. (a) For the required drills and...

46 CFR 46.10-50 - Drills and inspections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Drills and inspections. 46.10-50 Section 46.10-50 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-50 Drills and inspections. (a) For the required drills and...

14 CFR 23.393 - Loads parallel to hinge line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) K=24 for vertical surfaces; (2) K=12 for horizontal surfaces; and (3) W=weight of the movable... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Loads parallel to hinge line. 23.393 Section 23.393 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION...

14 CFR 23.393 - Loads parallel to hinge line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) K=24 for vertical surfaces; (2) K=12 for horizontal surfaces; and (3) W=weight of the movable... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Loads parallel to hinge line. 23.393 Section 23.393 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION...

14 CFR 23.393 - Loads parallel to hinge line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) K=24 for vertical surfaces; (2) K=12 for horizontal surfaces; and (3) W=weight of the movable... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Loads parallel to hinge line. 23.393 Section 23.393 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION...

14 CFR 23.393 - Loads parallel to hinge line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) K=24 for vertical surfaces; (2) K=12 for horizontal surfaces; and (3) W=weight of the movable... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Loads parallel to hinge line. 23.393 Section 23.393 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION...

14 CFR 23.393 - Loads parallel to hinge line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) K=24 for vertical surfaces; (2) K=12 for horizontal surfaces; and (3) W=weight of the movable... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loads parallel to hinge line. 23.393 Section 23.393 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION...

46 CFR 45.143 - Hull openings above freeboard deck.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Hull openings above freeboard deck. 45.143 Section 45.143 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Conditions of Assignment § 45.143 Hull openings above freeboard deck. Closures for openings above...

46 CFR 45.58 - Correction: Short superstructure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Correction: Short superstructure. 45.58 Section 45.58 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Freeboards § 45.58 Correction: Short superstructure. The minimum freeboard in summer for a type B vessel that...

46 CFR 45.58 - Correction: Short superstructure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Correction: Short superstructure. 45.58 Section 45.58 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Freeboards § 45.58 Correction: Short superstructure. The minimum freeboard in summer for a type B vessel that...

46 CFR 46.10-60 - Control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Control. 46.10-60 Section 46.10-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-60 Control. (a) The District Director of Customs or the Coast Guard District Commander may...

46 CFR 46.10-60 - Control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Control. 46.10-60 Section 46.10-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-60 Control. (a) The District Director of Customs or the Coast Guard District Commander may...

46 CFR 46.10-60 - Control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Control. 46.10-60 Section 46.10-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-60 Control. The Director, Field Operations (DFO) or the Coast Guard District Commander may...

46 CFR 46.10-60 - Control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Control. 46.10-60 Section 46.10-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-60 Control. The Director, Field Operations (DFO) or the Coast Guard District Commander may...

46 CFR 46.10-60 - Control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Control. 46.10-60 Section 46.10-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-60 Control. The Director, Field Operations (DFO) or the Coast Guard District Commander may...

46 CFR 47.100 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Purpose. 47.100 Section 47.100 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES COMBINATION LOAD LINES General § 47.100 Purpose. (a) The purpose of the regulations in this part is to set forth simplified alternative marking schemes for...

46 CFR 45.157 - Scuppers and gravity drains.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Scuppers and gravity drains. 45.157 Section 45.157 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Conditions of Assignment § 45.157 Scuppers and gravity drains. Scuppers and gravity deck drains from spaces...

46 CFR 45.157 - Scuppers and gravity drains.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Scuppers and gravity drains. 45.157 Section 45.157 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Conditions of Assignment § 45.157 Scuppers and gravity drains. Scuppers and gravity deck drains from spaces...

46 CFR 45.157 - Scuppers and gravity drains.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Scuppers and gravity drains. 45.157 Section 45.157 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Conditions of Assignment § 45.157 Scuppers and gravity drains. Scuppers and gravity deck drains from spaces...

46 CFR 45.157 - Scuppers and gravity drains.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Scuppers and gravity drains. 45.157 Section 45.157 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Conditions of Assignment § 45.157 Scuppers and gravity drains. Scuppers and gravity deck drains from spaces...

46 CFR 45.157 - Scuppers and gravity drains.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Scuppers and gravity drains. 45.157 Section 45.157 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Conditions of Assignment § 45.157 Scuppers and gravity drains. Scuppers and gravity deck drains from spaces...

Physicochemical properties and stability of thousand-year-old soil organic matter in boreal paleopodzols

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feng, Wen-Ting; Klaminder, Jonatan; Boily, Jean-Francois

2013-04-01

Soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization mechanisms are key to predict carbon (C) cycle responses to climate change, especially in critically sensitive ecosystems, such as the arctic and boreal ecosystems of Scandinavia (IPCC 2007). Interactions between organic matter and soil mineral components can be of particular importance. Their impacts on SOM stability are however not fully resolved. In this study, we present an exhaustive physicochemical characterization of SOM and soil mineral components of boreal paleopodzols formed over several thousands of years in northern Sweden. We also test the hypothesis that old SOM in these environments is strongly associated to mineral surfaces. This work was specifically focused on two relict podzolic profiles capped by more recently developed podzolic profile. Each of the three profiles consisted of a well developed E-horizon and of an underlying B-horizon enriched in secondary weathering products. Soil C age was greater with increasing depth, with the deepest horizon dating from the mid-Holocene. Organic C loadings, expressed in terms of C mass per mineral surface area, decreased from 0.52 to 0.31 mg C m-2 from deep to the deepest B horizons. A monolayer coating model could thus be used to suggest that C was mainly bonded to unsaturated mineral surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that, unlike in younger B-horizon, the oldest C of the deepest B-horizon did not accumulate in clusters. It was instead distributed more homogenously at the micrometer scale with soil mineral particles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy moreover showed that the top 1-10 nm of the mineral surfaces contained proportions of aliphatic-C, ether/alcohol-C, and amide-C that varied greatly amongst the three B horizons but not among the three E horizons. Different composition of SOM remained in deep E and B horizons, thereby suggesting a selective SOM preservation process that is controlled by the properties of the mineral matrix. Our findings therefore support the concept that soil mineral surfaces impact SOM stability. The importance of SOM-mineral surfaces complexation was demonstrated further through combined temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometric Fourier transform infrared (TPD-MS-FTIR) experiments pointing to highly resilient forms of SOM associated to mineral particle surfaces. In summary, our study suggests organic matter sorption on mineral surfaces is important for SOM preservation at the millennial scale. Predicting the long-term fate of C in boreal regions should consequently account for such types of organo-mineral associations.

Unocal schedules field development off East Kalimantan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1992-12-07

Unocal Indonesia Ltd. has let a turnkey contract to PT Gema SemBrown (GSB) to build a platform to set in the deepest water yet off Indonesia. This paper reports on the contract, which is worth more than $40 million, and calls for GSB to engineer, procure, fabricate, install, and hook up Unocal's SA drilling and production platform in 335 ft of water in Serang field. Site is in Makassar Strait, about 25 miles off East Kalimantan. GSB in October began fabricating the Serang SA platform at its Sunda Strait fabrication yard in West Java, Indonesia. GSB is to complete themore » platform on a fast track schedule in time for installation in July 1993. The project includes two export trunk lines connecting Serang field with Unocal's Melahin field. Production will come ashore at Santan on East Kalimantan.« less

Application of Hybrid Optimization-Expert System for Optimal Power Management on Board Space Power Station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Momoh, James; Chattopadhyay, Deb; Basheer, Omar Ali AL

1996-01-01

The space power system has two sources of energy: photo-voltaic blankets and batteries. The optimal power management problem on-board has two broad operations: off-line power scheduling to determine the load allocation schedule of the next several hours based on the forecast of load and solar power availability. The nature of this study puts less emphasis on speed requirement for computation and more importance on the optimality of the solution. The second category problem, on-line power rescheduling, is needed in the event of occurrence of a contingency to optimally reschedule the loads to minimize the 'unused' or 'wasted' energy while keeping the priority on certain type of load and minimum disturbance of the original optimal schedule determined in the first-stage off-line study. The computational performance of the on-line 'rescheduler' is an important criterion and plays a critical role in the selection of the appropriate tool. The Howard University Center for Energy Systems and Control has developed a hybrid optimization-expert systems based power management program. The pre-scheduler has been developed using a non-linear multi-objective optimization technique called the Outer Approximation method and implemented using the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). The optimization model has the capability of dealing with multiple conflicting objectives viz. maximizing energy utilization, minimizing the variation of load over a day, etc. and incorporates several complex interaction between the loads in a space system. The rescheduling is performed using an expert system developed in PROLOG which utilizes a rule-base for reallocation of the loads in an emergency condition viz. shortage of power due to solar array failure, increase of base load, addition of new activity, repetition of old activity etc. Both the modules handle decision making on battery charging and discharging and allocation of loads over a time-horizon of a day divided into intervals of 10 minutes. The models have been extensively tested using a case study for the Space Station Freedom and the results for the case study will be presented. Several future enhancements of the pre-scheduler and the 'rescheduler' have been outlined which include graphic analyzer for the on-line module, incorporating probabilistic considerations, including spatial location of the loads and the connectivity using a direct current (DC) load flow model.

Flexural bending of the Zagros foreland basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pirouz, Mortaza; Avouac, Jean-Philippe; Gualandi, Adriano; Hassanzadeh, Jamshid; Sternai, Pietro

2017-09-01

We constrain and model the geometry of the Zagros foreland to assess the equivalent elastic thickness of the northern edge of the Arabian plate and the loads that have originated due to the Arabia-Eurasia collision. The Oligo-Miocene Asmari formation, and its equivalents in Iraq and Syria, is used to estimate the post-collisional subsidence as they separate passive margin sediments from the younger foreland deposits. The depth to these formations is obtained by synthesizing a large database of well logs, seismic profiles and structural sections from the Mesopotamian basin and the Persian Gulf. The foreland depth varies along strike of the Zagros wedge between 1 and 6 km. The foreland is deepest beneath the Dezful embayment, in southwest Iran, and becomes shallower towards both ends. We investigate how the geometry of the foreland relates to the range topography loading based on simple flexural models. Deflection of the Arabian plate is modelled using point load distribution and convolution technique. The results show that the foreland depth is well predicted with a flexural model which assumes loading by the basin sedimentary fill, and thickened crust of the Zagros. The model also predicts a Moho depth consistent with Free-Air anomalies over the foreland and Zagros wedge. The equivalent elastic thickness of the flexed Arabian lithosphere is estimated to be ca. 50 km. We conclude that other sources of loading of the lithosphere, either related to the density variations (e.g. due to a possible lithospheric root) or dynamic origin (e.g. due to sublithospheric mantle flow or lithospheric buckling) have a negligible influence on the foreland geometry, Moho depth and topography of the Zagros. We calculate the shortening across the Zagros assuming conservation of crustal mass during deformation, trapping of all the sediments eroded from the range in the foreland, and an initial crustal thickness of 38 km. This calculation implies a minimum of 126 ± 18 km of crustal shortening due to ophiolite obduction and post-collisional shortening.

Cost-effectiveness of HIV drug resistance testing to inform switching to second line antiretroviral therapy in low income settings.

PubMed

Phillips, Andrew; Cambiano, Valentina; Nakagawa, Fumiyo; Mabugu, Travor; Magubu, Travor; Miners, Alec; Ford, Debbie; Pillay, Deenan; De Luca, Andrea; Lundgren, Jens; Revill, Paul

2014-01-01

To guide future need for cheap resistance tests for use in low income settings, we assessed cost-effectiveness of drug resistance testing as part of monitoring of people on first line ART - with switching from first to second line ART being conditional on NNRTI drug resistance mutations being identified. An individual level simulation model of HIV transmission, progression and the effect of ART which accounts for adherence and resistance development was used to compare outcomes of various potential monitoring strategies in a typical low income setting in sub-Saharan Africa. Underlying monitoring strategies considered were based on clinical disease, CD4 count or viral load. Within each we considered a strategy in which no further measures are performed, one with a viral load measure to confirm failure, and one with both a viral load measure and a resistance test. Predicted outcomes were assessed over 2015-2025 in terms of viral suppression, first line failure, switching to second line regimen, death, HIV incidence, disability-adjusted-life-years averted and costs. Potential future low costs of resistance tests ($30) were used. The most effective strategy, in terms of DALYs averted, was one using viral load monitoring without confirmation. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for this strategy was $2113 (the same as that for viral load monitoring with confirmation). ART monitoring strategies which involved resistance testing did not emerge as being more effective or cost effective than strategies not using it. The slightly reduced ART costs resulting from use of resistance testing, due to less use of second line regimens, was of similar magnitude to the costs of resistance tests. Use of resistance testing at the time of first line failure as part of the decision whether to switch to second line therapy was not cost-effective, even though the test was assumed to be very inexpensive.

Determination of mean camber surfaces for wings having uniform chordwise loading and arbitrary spanwise loading in subsonic flow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Katzoff, S; Faison, M Frances; Dubose, Hugh C

1954-01-01

The field of a uniformly loaded wing in subsonic flow is discussed in terms of the acceleration potential. It is shown that, for the design of such wings, the slope of the mean camber surface at any point can be determined by a line integration around the wing boundary. By an additional line integration around the wing boundary, this method is extended to include the case where the local section lift coefficient varies with spanwise location (the chordwise loading at every section still remaining uniform). For the uniformly loaded wing of polygonal plan form, the integrations necessary to determine the local slope of the surface and the further integration of the slopes to determine the ordinate can be done analytically. An outline of these integrations and the resulting formulas are included. Calculated results are given for a sweptback wing with uniform chordwise loading and a highly tapered spanwise loading, a uniformly loaded delta wing, a uniformly loaded sweptback wing, and the same sweptback wing with uniform chordwise loading but elliptical span load distribution.

FRIB Cryogenic Distribution System and Status

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ganni, V.; Dixon, K.; Laverdure, N.; Yang, S.; Nellis, T.; Jones, S.; Casagrande, F.

2015-12-01

The MSU-FRIB cryogenic distribution system supports the 2 K primary, 4 K primary, and 35 - 55 K shield operation of more than 70 loads in the accelerator and the experimental areas. It is based on JLab and SNS experience with bayonet-type disconnects between the loads and the distribution system for phased commissioning and maintenance. The linac transfer line, which features three separate transfer line segments for additional independence during phased commissioning at 4 K and 2 K, connects the folded arrangement of 49 cryomodules and 4 superconducting dipole magnets and a fourth transfer line supports the separator area cryo loads. The pressure reliefs for the transfer line process lines, located in the refrigeration room outside the tunnel/accelerator area, are piped to be vented outdoors. The transfer line designs integrate supply and return flow paths into a combined vacuum space. The main linac distribution segments are produced in a small number of standard configurations; a prototype of one such configuration has been fabricated at Jefferson Lab and has been installed at MSU to support testing of a prototype FRIB cryomodule.

46 CFR 42.09-20 - Surveys of foreign vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Surveys of foreign vessels. 42.09-20 Section 42.09-20... BY SEA Load Line Assignments and Surveys-General Requirements § 42.09-20 Surveys of foreign vessels... to survey, marking, and certification by a load line assigning and issuing authority as authorized...

46 CFR 42.09-20 - Surveys of foreign vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Surveys of foreign vessels. 42.09-20 Section 42.09-20... BY SEA Load Line Assignments and Surveys-General Requirements § 42.09-20 Surveys of foreign vessels... to survey, marking, and certification by a load line assigning and issuing authority as authorized...

46 CFR 42.09-20 - Surveys of foreign vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Surveys of foreign vessels. 42.09-20 Section 42.09-20... BY SEA Load Line Assignments and Surveys-General Requirements § 42.09-20 Surveys of foreign vessels... to survey, marking, and certification by a load line assigning and issuing authority as authorized...

46 CFR 42.09-20 - Surveys of foreign vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Surveys of foreign vessels. 42.09-20 Section 42.09-20... BY SEA Load Line Assignments and Surveys-General Requirements § 42.09-20 Surveys of foreign vessels... to survey, marking, and certification by a load line assigning and issuing authority as authorized...

46 CFR 42.09-20 - Surveys of foreign vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Surveys of foreign vessels. 42.09-20 Section 42.09-20... BY SEA Load Line Assignments and Surveys-General Requirements § 42.09-20 Surveys of foreign vessels... to survey, marking, and certification by a load line assigning and issuing authority as authorized...

46 CFR 69.177 - Markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... part of the load line grid: (i) Vessels assigned only one gross and one net tonnage under § 69.175(c... mark. A vessel assigned two gross and two net tonnages which has more than one deck and no load line... in either a light color on a dark background or a dark color on a light background. ...

46 CFR 69.177 - Markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... part of the load line grid: (i) Vessels assigned only one gross and one net tonnage under § 69.175(c... mark. A vessel assigned two gross and two net tonnages which has more than one deck and no load line... in either a light color on a dark background or a dark color on a light background. ...

46 CFR 69.177 - Markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... part of the load line grid: (i) Vessels assigned only one gross and one net tonnage under § 69.175(c... mark. A vessel assigned two gross and two net tonnages which has more than one deck and no load line... in either a light color on a dark background or a dark color on a light background. ...

46 CFR 69.177 - Markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... part of the load line grid: (i) Vessels assigned only one gross and one net tonnage under § 69.175(c... mark. A vessel assigned two gross and two net tonnages which has more than one deck and no load line... in either a light color on a dark background or a dark color on a light background. ...

46 CFR 45.107 - Strength of hull.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Strength of hull. 45.107 Section 45.107 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Conditions of Assignment § 45.107 Strength of hull. The general structural strength of the hull must be sufficient for the...

46 CFR 45.135 - Hull openings at or below freeboard deck.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Hull openings at or below freeboard deck. 45.135 Section 45.135 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Conditions of Assignment § 45.135 Hull openings at or below freeboard deck. Closures for hull...

46 CFR 45.63 - Correction for sheer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Correction for sheer. 45.63 Section 45.63 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Freeboards § 45.63 Correction for sheer. (a) The minimum summer freeboard must be increased by the deficiency, or may be...

46 CFR 45.63 - Correction for sheer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Correction for sheer. 45.63 Section 45.63 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Freeboards § 45.63 Correction for sheer. (a) The minimum summer freeboard must be increased by the deficiency, or may be...

46 CFR 45.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Definitions. 45.3 Section 45.3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES General § 45.3 Definitions. As... the least moulded depth measured from the top of the keel or the length from the foreside of the stem...

46 CFR 45.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Definitions. 45.3 Section 45.3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES General § 45.3 Definitions. As... the least moulded depth measured from the top of the keel or the length from the foreside of the stem...

Unpacking the Complexity of Linear Equations from a Cognitive Load Theory Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ngu, Bing Hiong; Phan, Huy P.

2016-01-01

The degree of element interactivity determines the complexity and therefore the intrinsic cognitive load of linear equations. The unpacking of linear equations at the level of operational and relational lines allows the classification of linear equations in a hierarchical level of complexity. Mapping similar operational and relational lines across…

46 CFR 42.50-5 - International load line certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) __ (inches) (WNA) __ (inches) below (S). Allowance for fresh water for all freeboards __ (inches). (All... point of departure and the sea. 2. When a ship is in fresh water of unit density, the appropriate load line may be submerged by the amount of the fresh water allowance shown above. Where the density is...

46 CFR 44.05-35 - Form of load line certificate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) Below (S). *Allowance for fresh water for all freeboards (except on the Great Lakes) *Where seagoing steamers navigate a river or inland water, deeper loading is permitted corresponding to the weight of fuel... Regulations, the disk or diamond and the lines must be permanently marked by center punch marks or cutting. (2...

Complexity of line-seru conversion for different scheduling rules and two improved exact algorithms for the multi-objective optimization.

PubMed

Yu, Yang; Wang, Sihan; Tang, Jiafu; Kaku, Ikou; Sun, Wei

2016-01-01

Productivity can be greatly improved by converting the traditional assembly line to a seru system, especially in the business environment with short product life cycles, uncertain product types and fluctuating production volumes. Line-seru conversion includes two decision processes, i.e., seru formation and seru load. For simplicity, however, previous studies focus on the seru formation with a given scheduling rule in seru load. We select ten scheduling rules usually used in seru load to investigate the influence of different scheduling rules on the performance of line-seru conversion. Moreover, we clarify the complexities of line-seru conversion for ten different scheduling rules from the theoretical perspective. In addition, multi-objective decisions are often used in line-seru conversion. To obtain Pareto-optimal solutions of multi-objective line-seru conversion, we develop two improved exact algorithms based on reducing time complexity and space complexity respectively. Compared with the enumeration based on non-dominated sorting to solve multi-objective problem, the two improved exact algorithms saves computation time greatly. Several numerical simulation experiments are performed to show the performance improvement brought by the two proposed exact algorithms.

Design and development of line type modulators for high impedance electron gun

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dixit, Kavita P.; Tillu, Abhijit; Chavan, Ramchandra

Conventional line type modulators are routinely used for powering pulsed power microwave devices such as magnetrons and klystrons used for radar, medical and scientific applications. The load impedance (operating point) is fairly well defined in these cases, and makes the design of the discharging circuit of the modulator straight forward. This paper describes the Line type modulators that have been developed and being routinely used for powering the Triode Electron Gun of industrial electron linacs. The beam parameters of such guns are user defined and the pulse current varies from few mA to 800mA (typ). The beam energies requirement variesmore » from 40 keV to 80 keV. Hence the impedance offered by the electron gun to the power source (modulator) is not well defined. The load capacitance which is inclusive of the various stray capacitances along with the intrinsic gun capacitance is ∼ 200-400 pF. This capacitance, which depends on the configuration, shunts the load and makes the effective load highly capacitive with the resistive part varying over a wide range. The paper describes the design and development of conventional line type modulators for powering Electron gun load of the type described above. (author)« less

Effect of Roller Geometry on Roller Bearing Load-Life Relation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oswald, Fred B.; Zaretsky, Erwin V.; Poplawski, Joseph V.

2015-01-01

Cylindrical roller bearings typically employ roller profile modification to equalize load distribution, minimize stress concentration at roller ends and allow for a small amount of misalignment. The 1947 Lundberg-Palmgren analysis reported an inverse fourth power relation between load and life for roller bearings with line contact. In 1952, Lundberg and Palmgren changed their load-life exponent to 10/3 for roller bearings, assuming mixed line and point contact. The effect of roller-crown profile was reanalyzed in this paper to determine the actual load-life relation for modified roller profiles. For uncrowned rollers (line contact), the load-life exponent is p = 4, in agreement with the 1947 Lundberg-Palmgren value but crowning reduces the value of the exponent, p. The lives of modern roller bearings made from vacuum-processed steels significantly exceed those predicted by the Lundberg-Palmgren theory. The Zaretsky rolling-element bearing life model of 1996 produces a load-life exponent of p = 5 for flat rollers, which is more consistent with test data. For the Zaretsky model with fully crowned rollers p = 4.3. For an aerospace profile and chamfered rollers, p = 4.6. Using the 1952 Lundberg-Palmgren value p = 10/3, the value incorporated in ANSI/ABMA and ISO bearing standards, can create significant life calculation errors for roller bearings.

Preliminary In-Flight Loads Analysis of In-Line Launch Vehicles using the VLOADS 1.4 Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Graham, J. B.; Luz, P. L.

1998-01-01

To calculate structural loads of in-line launch vehicles for preliminary design, a very useful computer program is VLOADS 1.4. This software may also be used to calculate structural loads for upper stages and planetary transfer vehicles. Launch vehicle inputs such as aerodynamic coefficients, mass properties, propellants, engine thrusts, and performance data are compiled and analyzed by VLOADS to produce distributed shear loads, bending moments, axial forces, and vehicle line loads as a function of X-station along the vehicle's length. Interface loads, if any, and translational accelerations are also computed. The major strength of the software is that it enables quick turnaround analysis of structural loads for launch vehicles during the preliminary design stage of its development. This represents a significant improvement over the alternative-the time-consuming, and expensive chore of developing finite element models. VLOADS was developed as a Visual BASIC macro in a Microsoft Excel 5.0 work book on a Macintosh. VLOADS has also been implemented on a PC computer using Microsoft Excel 7.0a for Windows 95. VLOADS was developed in 1996, and the current version was released to COSMIC, NASA's Software Technology Transfer Center, in 1997. The program is a copyrighted work with all copyright vested in NASA.

Determination of geohydrologic framework and extent of d- water contamination using surface geophysical techniques at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lacombe, Pierre

1986-01-01

Seismic-refraction, electric-resistivity sounding, and electromagnetic conductivity techniques were used to determine the geohydrologic framework and extent of groundwater contamination at Picatinny Arsenal in northern New Jersey. The area studied encompasses about 4 sq mi at the southern end of the Arsenal. The bedrock surface beneath the glacial sediments was delineated by seismic-refraction techniques. Data for 12 seismic lines were collected using a 12-channel engineering seismograph. Competent bedrock crops out on both sides of the valley, but is about 290 ft below land surface in the deepest part of the topographic valley. Where the exposed bedrock surface forms steep slopes on the valley side, it remains steep below the valley fill. Likewise, gentle bedrock valley slopes have gentle subsurface slopes. The deepest part of the bedrock valley is along the southern extension of the Green Pond fault. The electric-resistivity sounding technique was used to determine the sediment types. Data were collected from four sites using the offset Wenner electrode configuration. Below the surface layer, the sediments have apparent and computed resistivity values of 120 to 170 ohm-meters. These values correspond to a saturated fine-grained sediment such as silt or interbedded sand and clay. Groundwater contamination was by electromagnetic conductivity techniques using transmitting and receiving coils separated by 32.8 ft and 12 ft. Thirteen sites have apparent conductivity values exceeding 15 millimhos/m. Of these, seven sites indicate groundwater contamination from a variety of sources including a sanitary landfill, pyrotechnic testing ground, burning area, former domestic sewage field, salt storage facility, hazardous waste disposal lagoon, sewage treatment plant, and fertilizer storage shed. Three areas underlain by clay or muck are interpreted to be free of contamination. (Author 's abstract)

Differential effects of cognitive load on emotion: Emotion maintenance versus passive experience.

PubMed

DeFraine, William C

2016-06-01

Two separate lines of research have examined the effects of cognitive load on emotional processing with similar tasks but seemingly contradictory results. Some research has shown that the emotions elicited by passive viewing of emotional images are reduced by subsequent cognitive load. Other research has shown that such emotions are not reduced by cognitive load if the emotions are actively maintained. The present study sought to compare and resolve these 2 lines of research. Participants either passively viewed negative emotional images or maintained the emotions elicited by the images, and after a delay rated the intensity of the emotion they were feeling. Half of trials included a math task during the delay to induce cognitive load, and the other half did not. Results showed that cognitive load reduced the intensity of negative emotions during passive-viewing of emotional images but not during emotion maintenance. The present study replicates the findings of both lines of research, and shows that the key factor is whether or not emotions are actively maintained. Also, in the context of previous emotion maintenance research, the present results support the theoretical idea of a separable emotion maintenance process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Vessel Loading Observations

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

Vessel Loading Observations Procedures for P.L. 480, Titles II & III, : Section 416(b) and Food for Progress programs. Notice advises steamship lines and other interested parties that the vessel loading observation (VLO) procedure will continue to be...

Gas Breakdown in the Sub-Nanosecond Regime with Voltages Below 15 KV

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

needle -plane gap with outer coaxial conductor, and a 50-Ω load line. The needle consists of tungsten and has a radius of curvature below 0.5 µm. The...here gas breakdown during nanosecond pulses occurs mainly as corona discharges on wire antennas, and represents an unwanted effect - General...risetime between 400 ps to1 ns), 50-W transmission line, axial needle -plane gap with outer coaxial conductor, and a 50-W load line. The needle consists of

Report on carbon and nitrogen abundance studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boehm-Vitense, Erika

1991-01-01

The aim of the proposal was to determine the nitrogen to carbon abundance ratios from transition layer lines in stars with different T(sub eff) and luminosities. The equations which give the surface emission line fluxes and the measured ratio of the NV to CIV emission line fluxes are presented and explained. The abundance results are compared with those of photospheric abundance studies for stars in common with the photospheric investigations. The results show that the analyses are at least as accurate as the photospheric determinations. These studies can be extended to F and early G stars for which photospheric abundance determinations for giants are hard to do because molecular bands become too weak. The abundance determination in the context of stellar evolution is addressed. The N/C abundance ratio increases steeply at the point of evolution for which the convection zone reaches deepest. Looking at the evolution of the rotation velocities v sin i, a steep decrease in v sin i is related to the increasing depth of the convection zone. It is concluded that the decrease in v sin i for T(sub eff) less than or approximately = 5800 K is most probably due to the rearrangement of the angular momentum in the stars due to deep convective mixing. It appears that the convection zone is rotating with nearly depth independent angular momentum. Other research results and ongoing projects are discussed.

46 CFR 42.11-20 - Application for annual survey.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Application for annual survey. 42.11-20 Section 42.11-20... BY SEA Applications for Load Line Assignments, Surveys, and Certificates § 42.11-20 Application for annual survey. (a) The owner, master, or agent of a vessel holding a load line certificate shall apply to...

46 CFR 42.11-20 - Application for annual survey.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Application for annual survey. 42.11-20 Section 42.11-20... BY SEA Applications for Load Line Assignments, Surveys, and Certificates § 42.11-20 Application for annual survey. (a) The owner, master, or agent of a vessel holding a load line certificate shall apply to...

46 CFR 42.11-20 - Application for annual survey.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Application for annual survey. 42.11-20 Section 42.11-20... BY SEA Applications for Load Line Assignments, Surveys, and Certificates § 42.11-20 Application for annual survey. (a) The owner, master, or agent of a vessel holding a load line certificate shall apply to...

46 CFR 42.11-20 - Application for annual survey.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Application for annual survey. 42.11-20 Section 42.11-20... BY SEA Applications for Load Line Assignments, Surveys, and Certificates § 42.11-20 Application for annual survey. (a) The owner, master, or agent of a vessel holding a load line certificate shall apply to...

46 CFR 42.11-20 - Application for annual survey.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Application for annual survey. 42.11-20 Section 42.11-20... BY SEA Applications for Load Line Assignments, Surveys, and Certificates § 42.11-20 Application for annual survey. (a) The owner, master, or agent of a vessel holding a load line certificate shall apply to...

46 CFR 45.51 - Types of ships.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Types of ships. 45.51 Section 45.51 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Freeboards § 45.51 Types of ships. (a) For the purpose of this subpart, a type A vessel has— (1) No cargo ports or similar sideshell...

46 CFR 45.51 - Types of ships.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Types of ships. 45.51 Section 45.51 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Freeboards § 45.51 Types of ships. (a) For the purpose of this subpart, a type A vessel has— (1) No cargo ports or similar sideshell...

46 CFR 45.51 - Types of ships.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Types of ships. 45.51 Section 45.51 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Freeboards § 45.51 Types of ships. (a) For the purpose of this subpart, a type A vessel has— (1) No cargo ports or similar sideshell...

46 CFR 45.51 - Types of ships.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Types of ships. 45.51 Section 45.51 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Freeboards § 45.51 Types of ships. (a) For the purpose of this subpart, a type A vessel has— (1) No cargo ports or similar sideshell...

46 CFR 45.51 - Types of ships.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Types of ships. 45.51 Section 45.51 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES GREAT LAKES LOAD LINES Freeboards § 45.51 Types of ships. (a) For the purpose of this subpart, a type A vessel has— (1) No cargo ports or similar sideshell...

46 CFR 42.50-15 - Coastwise load line certificates for U.S.-flag vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... center of ring. Winter __ (inches) (W) __ (inches) below (S). Allowance for fresh water for all... point of departure and the sea. 2. When a ship is in fresh water of unit density the appropriate load line may be submerged by the amount of the fresh water allowance shown above. Where the density is...

Cellular uptake and ex vivo urothelial penetration by oligodeoxynucleotides for optimizing treatment of transitional cell carcinoma.

PubMed

Bolenz, Christian; Trojan, Lutz; Gabriel, Ute; Honeck, Patrick; Wendt-Nordahl, Gunnar; Schaaf, Axel; Alken, Peter; Michel, Maurice Stephan

2008-10-01

To evaluate cellular uptake and urothelial penetration of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell lines and in a porcine ex vivo model, respectively. A panel of human TCC cell lines (RT 112, HT 1197 and UM-UC3) were exposed tofluorescein-labeled ODNs. Transfection rates were assessed byfluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Intravesical treatment with ODNs was performed in a porcine ex vivo model. Urothelial penetration was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy of cryosections. Treatment with ODNs provided transfection rates of at least 96.8% of TCC cells, irrespective of use of a transfection agent. Effective urothelial penetration by ODNs was detected when compared with controls (p = 0.0325). The addition of a liposomal transfection agent significantly increased the penetration depth, allowing affection of deep urothelial cell layers (p = 0.0082). High transfection rates of ODNs can be achieved in TCC cells. Urothelial penetration of ODNs was observed down to the deepest cell layers when a transfection agent is added, suggesting a high potential for complementing the chemoresection effects on residual tumor areas during intravesical therapy of non-muscle-invasive TCC.

The GBT Primos Program: 7 Years of Astronomical Discovery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Corby, Joanna F.; McGuire, Brett A.; Hollis, Mike; Lovas, Frank J.; Jewell, Philip; Remijan, Anthony

2014-06-01

The GBT PRebiotic Interstellar MOlecule Survey (PRIMOS) towards Sgr B2N is the deepest, most complete spectral line survey in the range of 300MHz - 49 GHz. PRIMOS enables astronomers, chemists, and biologists to test theories of molecular formation, the origins of organic chemistry and the molecular complexity and physical and kinematic structure of material in our Galaxy. To date, PRIMOS data have resulted in 14 refereed publications since 2007, demonstrating the power of centimeter wave spectroscopy for detecting new organic species and revealing the significance of non-LTE effects including maser amplification in the cm-wave spectra of organic molecules. The survey has additionally advertised molecular astrophysics in public lectures, summer undergraduate diversity programs, and high school student projects. While the GBT is the only telescope in the world capable of conducting the PRIMOS Survey, PRIMOS data couples with newly available broad-bandwidth telescopes including the Jansky Very Large Array and ALMA. Synergistic observations with ALMA will be necessary to fully characterize the spectra of molecular material and determine excitation mechanisms leading to observed line radiation. This presentation provides an overview of the PRIMOS program, highlights PRIMOS science, and describes how the entire astronomical community can obtain the data for their own research.

Three-dimensional finite-element analysis of chevron-notched fracture specimens

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raju, I. S.; Newman, J. C., Jr.

1984-01-01

Stress-intensity factors and load-line displacements were calculated for chevron-notched bar and rod fracture specimens using a three-dimensional finite-element analysis. Both specimens were subjected to simulated wedge loading (either uniform applied displacement or uniform applied load). The chevron-notch sides and crack front were assumed to be straight. Crack-length-to-specimen width ratios (a/w) ranged from 0.4 to 0.7. The width-to-thickness ratio (w/B) was 1.45 or 2. The bar specimens had a height-to-width ratio of 0.435 or 0.5. Finite-element models were composed of singularity elements around the crack front and 8-noded isoparametric elements elsewhere. The models had about 11,000 degrees of freedom. Stress-intensity factors were calculated by using a nodal-force method for distribution along the crack front and by using a compliance method for average values. The stress intensity factors and load-line displacements are presented and compared with experimental solutions from the literature. The stress intensity factors and load-line displacements were about 2.5 and 5 percent lower than the reported experimental values, respectively.

Prediction of wax buildup in 24 inch cold, deep sea oil loading line

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Asperger, R.G.; Sattler, R.E.; Tolonen, W.J.

1981-10-01

When designing pipelines for cold environments, it is important to know how to predict potential problems due to wax deposition on the pipeline's inner surface. The goal of this work was to determine the rate of wax buildup and the maximum, equlibrium wax thickness for a North Sea field loading line. The experimental techniques and results used to evaluate the waxing potential of the crude oil (B) are described. Also, the theoretic model which was used for predicting the maximum wax deposit thickness in the crude oil (B) loading pipeline at controlled temperatures of 40 F (4.4 C) and 100more » F (38 C), is illustrated. Included is a recommendation of a procedure for using hot oil at the end of a tanker loading period in order to dewax the crude oil (B) line. This technique would give maximum heating of the pipeline and should be followed by shutting the hot oil into the pipeline at the end of the loading cycle which will provide a hot oil soaking to help soften existing wax. 14 references.« less

Low power, scalable multichannel high voltage controller

DOEpatents

Stamps, James Frederick [Livermore, CA; Crocker, Robert Ward [Fremont, CA; Yee, Daniel Dadwa [Dublin, CA; Dils, David Wright [Fort Worth, TX

2006-03-14

A low voltage control circuit is provided for individually controlling high voltage power provided over bus lines to a multitude of interconnected loads. An example of a load is a drive for capillary channels in a microfluidic system. Control is distributed from a central high voltage circuit, rather than using a number of large expensive central high voltage circuits to enable reducing circuit size and cost. Voltage is distributed to each individual load and controlled using a number of high voltage controller channel switches connected to high voltage bus lines. The channel switches each include complementary pull up and pull down photo isolator relays with photo isolator switching controlled from the central high voltage circuit to provide a desired bus line voltage. Switching of the photo isolator relays is further controlled in each channel switch using feedback from a resistor divider circuit to maintain the bus voltage swing within desired limits. Current sensing is provided using a switched resistive load in each channel switch, with switching of the resistive loads controlled from the central high voltage circuit.

Low power, scalable multichannel high voltage controller

DOEpatents

Stamps, James Frederick [Livermore, CA; Crocker, Robert Ward [Fremont, CA; Yee, Daniel Dadwa [Dublin, CA; Dils, David Wright [Fort Worth, TX

2008-03-25

A low voltage control circuit is provided for individually controlling high voltage power provided over bus lines to a multitude of interconnected loads. An example of a load is a drive for capillary channels in a microfluidic system. Control is distributed from a central high voltage circuit, rather than using a number of large expensive central high voltage circuits to enable reducing circuit size and cost. Voltage is distributed to each individual load and controlled using a number of high voltage controller channel switches connected to high voltage bus lines. The channel switches each include complementary pull up and pull down photo isolator relays with photo isolator switching controlled from the central high voltage circuit to provide a desired bus line voltage. Switching of the photo isolator relays is further controlled in each channel switch using feedback from a resistor divider circuit to maintain the bus voltage swing within desired limits. Current sensing is provided using a switched resistive load in each channel switch, with switching of the resistive loads controlled from the central high voltage circuit.

Computerized Modeling and Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis of Hypoid Gears Manufactured by Face Hobbing Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nishino, Takayuki

The face hobbing process has been widely applied in automotive industry. But so far few analytical tools have been developed. This makes it difficult for us to optimize gear design. To settle this situation, this study aims at developing a computerized tool to predict the running performances such as loaded tooth contact pattern, static transmission error and so on. First, based upon kinematical analysis of a cutting machine, a mathematical description of tooth surface generation is given. Second, based upon the theory of gearing and differential geometry, conjugate tooth surfaces are studied. Then contact lines are generated. Third, load distribution along contact lines is formulated. Last, the numerical model is validated by measuring loaded transmission error and loaded tooth contact pattern.

The influence of impact direction and axial loading on the bone fracture pattern.

PubMed

Cohen, Haim; Kugel, Chen; May, Hila; Medlej, Bahaa; Stein, Dan; Slon, Viviane; Brosh, Tamar; Hershkovitz, Israel

2017-08-01

The effect of the direction of the impact and the presence of axial loading on fracture patterns have not yet been established in experimental 3-point bending studies. To reveal the association between the direction of the force and the fracture pattern, with and without axial loading. A Dynatup Model POE 2000 (Instron Co.) low energy pendulum impact machine was utilized to apply impact loading on fresh pig femoral bones (n=50). The bone clamp shaft was adjusted to position the bone for three-point bending with and without additional bone compression. Four different directions of the force were applied: anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial. The impacted aspect can be distinguished from the non-impacted aspects based on the fracture pattern alone (the most fractured one); the impact point can be identified on bare bones (the area from which all oblique lines radiate and/or the presence of a chip fragment). None of our experiments (with and without compression) yielded a "true" butterfly fracture, but instead, oblique radiating lines emerged from the point of impact (also known as "false" butterfly). Impacts on the lateral and anterior aspects of the bones produce more and longer fracture lines than impacts on the contralateral side; bones subjected to an impact with axial loading are significantly more comminuted and fragmented. Under axial loading, the number of fracture lines is independent of the impact direction. Our study presents an experimental model for fracture analysis and shows that the impact direction and the presence of axial loading during impact significantly affect the fracture pattern obtained. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Pretest analysis of the NESC-1 spinning cylinder experiment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sattari-Far, I.

This report presents defect assessment results from a final pre-test analysis of the NESC-1 spinning cylinder based on the NDE defect definitions and the determined loading conditions. The analysis covers fracture assessments of a subclad and surface breaking crack. Three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element calculations, considering the crack-tip constraint, are employed in the assessments. Also performed are sensitivity studies to demonstrate how different affecting parameters, especially the cladding residual stresses, impact the crack driving force. It is found for both the surface and the subclad crack that the situations in the cladding and at the deepest point of the crack frontmore » are far from critical for cleavage fracture. The results of the analysis indicate that a limited amount of ductile crack growth can occur along the crack front in the HAZ and adjacent base material. Cleavage fracture events can be expected in the HAZ. The results also show substantial loss of crack-tip constraint in the HAZ compared with the SSY solutions.« less

[Spatial orientation of the facies patellaris femoris].

PubMed

Hassenpflug, J; Hiss, E; Blauth, W

1987-01-01

The present article reports on the geometrical conditions of the physiological movement of the patella. The geometrical shape of 18 femoral condyles and patella sliding areas was investigated in order to describe basic data for the design of endoprostheses. Surface and direction of the facies patellaris femoris were determined by means of radiographic, mechanical and optical measurements. The curvature of the deepest patella sliding groove proves a constant correlation with the dorsal condylar curvature. In the frontal plane the lowest points of the sliding area run with a dispersion of +/- 4 degrees to the vertical line related to the transverse tangent on the dorsal condylar surface. Considering deviations of leg alignment the measures come close to an angle of about 0 degrees. So the direction of the patella sliding groove differs from the normal valgus position of the distal femur. Therefore in artificial knee replacement a lateral tilt of the patella sliding groove should not be propagated as 'physiological'.

Experimental evaluation of achromatic phase shifters for mid-infrared starlight suppression.

PubMed

Gappinger, Robert O; Diaz, Rosemary T; Ksendzov, Alexander; Lawson, Peter R; Lay, Oliver P; Liewer, Kurt M; Loya, Frank M; Martin, Stefan R; Serabyn, Eugene; Wallace, James K

2009-02-10

Phase shifters are a key component of nulling interferometry, one of the potential routes to enabling the measurement of faint exoplanet spectra. Here, three different achromatic phase shifters are evaluated experimentally in the mid-infrared, where such nulling interferometers may someday operate. The methods evaluated include the use of dispersive glasses, a through-focus field inversion, and field reversals on reflection from antisymmetric flat-mirror periscopes. All three approaches yielded deep, broadband, mid-infrared nulls, but the deepest broadband nulls were obtained with the periscope architecture. In the periscope system, average null depths of 4x10(-5) were obtained with a 25% bandwidth, and 2x10(-5) with a 20% bandwidth, at a central wavelength of 9.5 mum. The best short term nulls at 20% bandwidth were approximately 9x10(-6), in line with error budget predictions and the limits of the current generation of hardware.

Experiments with airplane brakes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Michael, Franz

1931-01-01

This report begins by examining the forces on the brake shoes. For the determination of the load distribution over the shoes it was assumed that the brake linings follow Hooke's law, are neatly fitted and bedded in by wear. The assumption of Hooke's law, that is, the proportionality between compression of the lining and the absorption of force, is fulfilled to a certain extent for the loading, as becomes apparent from the load tests described further on. But there is a material discrepancy at unloading. From the load distribution we merely defined the position of the normal force resultant, while for the rest, the effect of the distribution was disregarded in the comparison of the different shoe dispositions.

Impact evaluation of conducted UWB transients on loads in power-line networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Bing; Månsson, Daniel

2017-09-01

Nowadays, faced with the ever-increasing dependence on diverse electronic devices and systems, the proliferation of potential electromagnetic interference (EMI) becomes a critical threat for reliable operation. A typical issue is the electronics working reliably in power-line networks when exposed to electromagnetic environment. In this paper, we consider a conducted ultra-wideband (UWB) disturbance, as an example of intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) source, and perform the impact evaluation at the loads in a network. With the aid of fast Fourier transform (FFT), the UWB transient is characterized in the frequency domain. Based on a modified Baum-Liu-Tesche (BLT) method, the EMI received at the loads, with complex impedance, is computed. Through inverse FFT (IFFT), we obtain time-domain responses of the loads. To evaluate the impact on loads, we employ five common, but important quantifiers, i.e., time-domain peak, total signal energy, peak signal power, peak time rate of change and peak time integral of the pulse. Moreover, to perform a comprehensive analysis, we also investigate the effects of the attributes (capacitive, resistive, or inductive) of other loads connected to the network, the rise time and pulse width of the UWB transient, and the lengths of power lines. It is seen that, for the loads distributed in a network, the impact evaluation of IEMI should be based on the characteristics of the IEMI source, and the network features, such as load impedances, layout, and characteristics of cables.

75 FR 78928 - Limited Service Domestic Voyage Load Lines for River Barges on Lake Michigan, Delay of Effective...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-17

... Advisories may also be issued when lake ice exists that could be hazardous to small boats. Although river...-AA17 Limited Service Domestic Voyage Load Lines for River Barges on Lake Michigan, Delay of Effective... Lake Michigan. This rule finalized interim regulations that have been in effect since 2002, with some...

BioGeochemistry of antimony, Sources, Transfers, Impacts and Assessment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Le Roux, Gael; Pinelli, Eric; Hedde, Mickael; Guiresse, Maritxu; De Vleeschouwer, François; Silvestre, Jérôme; Enrico, Maxime; Gandois, Laure; Monna, Fabrice; Gers, Charles; Probst, Anne

2013-04-01

BioGeoSTIB is a project funded by ADEME (French Environmental Protection Agency). Its aim is to provide a better understanding of biogeochemical cycle disturbances of antimony by man. Specifically, it is focused on the atmosphere-soil-organism interfaces. Based on a multi-scale approach, the impact of antimony on organisms and organism communities and the factors of Sb dispersion in the environment aim to better characterized. This report gives the main results of 2 and 1 -2 years of research. Using peat bogs as environmental archives, we show that Sb contamination in soils date back to the beginning of the metallurgy. Atmospheric deposition of Sb largely increased by 100 times during the Industrial Revolution compared to natural levels (~0,001-0,01 mg m-2 an-1) estimated in the deepest peat layers. This disturbance in the antimony geochemical cycle modified its concentrations in soils. One main source of present Sb contamination is automotive traffic due to Sb in braking lines. This emerging contamination was characterized close to a roundabout. This additional source of Sb does not seem to impact soil fauna but Sb concentrations in soil solutions exceed 1 μg L-1. Genotoxicity tests have been performed on the model plant Vicia faba and show that antimony is genotoxic at its lowest concentrations and that there is a synergistic effect lead, a trace metal frequently found in association with antimony in the environment. It is a main issue to determine Sb critical loads in the environment but main identified lacks are thermodynamic data, which are not available yet, to model the behavior of Sb in soil solutions and the fact the antimony is always associated with other anthropogenic trace metals like lead. Critical thresholds of Sb have been determined for the first time based on genotoxicity experiment. Simulations show that these thresholds can be exceeded in the future, whereas present limits for invertebrates (US-EPA) are and will not be reached. However, scientific problems to complete the "critical load" approach are, as stated aabove, present lack of thermodynamic data on Sb to model its behavior in the soil solution and the fact the Sb is always linked to other trace metals, with potential ecological impacts too.

Burial history, thermal maturity, and oil and gas generation history of petroleum systems in the Wind River Basin Province, central Wyoming: Chapter 6 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas resources in the Wind River Basin Province, Wyoming

USGS Publications Warehouse

Roberts, Laura N.R.; Finn, Thomas M.; Lewan, Michael D.; Kirschbaum, Mark A.

2007-01-01

Burial history, thermal maturity, and timing of oil and gas generation were modeled for eight key source rock units at nine well locations throughout the Wind River Basin Province. Petroleum source rocks include the Permian Phosphoria Formation, the Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Cody Shale, and Mesaverde, Meeteetse, and Lance Formations, and the Tertiary (Paleocene) Fort Union Formation, including the Waltman Shale Member. Within the province boundary, the Phosphoria is thin and only locally rich in organic carbon. Phosphoria oil produced from reservoirs in the province is thought to have migrated from the Wyoming and Idaho thrust belt. Locations (wells) selected for burial history reconstructions include three in the deepest parts of the province (Adams OAB-17, Bighorn 1-5, and Coastal Owl Creek); three at intermediate depths (Hells Half Acre, Shell 33X-10, and West Poison Spider); and three at relatively shallow locations (Young Ranch, Amoco Unit 100, and Conoco-Coal Bank). The thermal maturity of source rocks is greatest in the deep northern and central parts of the province and decreases to the south and east toward the basin margins. The results of the modeling indicate that, in the deepest areas, (1) peak petroleum generation from Cretaceous rocks occurred from Late Cretaceous through middle Eocene time, and (2) onset of oil generation from the Waltman Shale Member occurred from late Eocene to early Miocene time. Based on modeling results, gas generation from the cracking of Phosphoria oil reservoired in the Park City Formation reached a peak in the late Paleocene/early Eocene (58 to 55 Ma) only in the deepest parts of the province. The Mowry Shale and Cody Shale (in the eastern half of the basin) contain a mix of Type-II and Type-III kerogens. Oil generation from predominantly Type-II source rocks of these units in the deepest parts of the province reached peak rates during the latest Cretaceous to early Eocene (65 to 55 Ma). Only in these areas of the basin did these units reach peak gas generation from the cracking of oil, which occurred in the early to middle Eocene (55 to 42 Ma). Gas-prone source rocks of the Mowry and Cody Shales (predominantly Type-III kerogen), and the Mesaverde, Meeteetse, Lance, and Fort Union Formations (Type –III kerogen) reached peak gas generation in the latest Cretaceous to late Eocene (67 to 38 Ma) in the deepest parts of the province. Gas generation from the Mesaverde source rocks started at all of the modeled locations but reached peak generation at only the deepest locations and at the Hells Half Acre location in the middle Paleocene to early Eocene (59 to 48 Ma). Also at the deepest locations, peak gas generation occurred from the late Paleocene to the early Eocene (57 to 49 Ma) for the Meeteetse Formation, and during the Eocene for the Lance Formation (55 to 48 Ma) and the Fort Union Formation (44 to 38 Ma). The Waltman Shale Member of the Fort Union Formation contains Type-II kerogen. The base of the Waltman reached a level of thermal maturity to generate oil only at the deep-basin locations (Adams OAB-17 and Bighorn 1-5 locations) in the middle Eocene to early Miocene (36 to 20 Ma).

Dynamic Responses and Vibration Control of the Transmission Tower-Line System: A State-of-the-Art Review

PubMed Central

Chen, Bo; Guo, Wei-hua; Li, Peng-yun; Xie, Wen-ping

2014-01-01

This paper presented an overview on the dynamic analysis and control of the transmission tower-line system in the past forty years. The challenges and future developing trends in the dynamic analysis and mitigation of the transmission tower-line system under dynamic excitations are also put forward. It also reviews the analytical models and approaches of the transmission tower, transmission lines, and transmission tower-line systems, respectively, which contain the theoretical model, finite element (FE) model and the equivalent model; shows the advances in wind responses of the transmission tower-line system, which contains the dynamic effects under common wind loading, tornado, downburst, and typhoon; and discusses the dynamic responses under earthquake and ice loads, respectively. The vibration control of the transmission tower-line system is also reviewed, which includes the magnetorheological dampers, friction dampers, tuned mass dampers, and pounding tuned mass dampers. PMID:25105161

Sensor, method and system of monitoring transmission lines

DOEpatents

Syracuse, Steven J.; Clark, Roy; Halverson, Peter G.; Tesche, Frederick M.; Barlow, Charles V.

2012-10-02

An apparatus, method, and system for measuring the magnetic field produced by phase conductors in multi-phase power lines. The magnetic field measurements are used to determine the current load on the conductors. The magnetic fields are sensed by coils placed sufficiently proximate the lines to measure the voltage induced in the coils by the field without touching the lines. The x and y components of the magnetic fields are used to calculate the conductor sag, and then the sag data, along with the field strength data, can be used to calculate the current load on the line and the phase of the current. The sag calculations of this invention are independent of line voltage and line current measurements. The system applies a computerized fitter routine to measured and sampled voltages on the coils to accurately determine the values of parameters associated with the overhead phase conductors.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of curcumin loaded lauroyl sulphated chitosan for enhancing oral bioavailability.

PubMed

Shelma, R; Sharma, Chandra P

2013-06-05

Curcumin has been demonstrated as a potent anticancer agent but its clinical application has been limited by its poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Here we describe encapsulation of curcumin in the lauroyl sulphated chitosan with a view to improve its bioavailability. In vitro antioxidant activity of extract of curcumin loaded matrix was investigated and exhibited dose dependent radical scavenging and reducing activity. Cytotoxicity studies carried out with curcumin loaded carrier on C6 cell line and were found to be toxic. Its in vitro effects on proliferation using the C6 cell lines also studied and observed antiproliferation of C6 cell line. Plasma concentration of curcumin-time profiles from pharmacokinetic studies in rats after oral administration showed a 11.5-fold increased pharmacological availability of curcumin with encapsulated curcumin compared with native curcumin. Overall we demonstrate that the curcumin loaded matrix has shown a superior pharmacological availability in vivo over curcumin. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Use of Microsphere Technology for Targeted Delivery of Rifampin to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Macrophages

PubMed Central

Barrow, Esther L. W.; Winchester, Gary A.; Staas, Jay K.; Quenelle, Debra C.; Barrow, William W.

1998-01-01

Microsphere technology was used to develop formulations of rifampin for targeted delivery to host macrophages. These formulations were prepared by using biocompatible polymeric excipients of lactide and glycolide copolymers. Release characteristics were examined in vitro and also in two monocytic cell lines, the murine J774 and the human Mono Mac 6 cell lines. Bioassay assessment of cell culture supernatants from monocyte cell lines showed release of bioactive rifampin during a 7-day experimental period. Treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv-infected monocyte cell lines with rifampin-loaded microspheres resulted in a significant decrease in numbers of CFU at 7 days following initial infection, even though only 8% of the microsphere-loaded rifampin was released. The levels of rifampin released from microsphere formulations within monocytes were more effective at reducing M. tuberculosis intracellular growth than equivalent doses of rifampin given as a free drug. These results demonstrate that rifampin-loaded microspheres can be formulated for effective sustained and targeted delivery to host macrophages. PMID:9756777

Implementing eco friendly highly reliable upload feature using multi 3G service

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanutama, Lukas; Wijaya, Rico

2017-12-01

The current trend of eco friendly Internet access is preferred. In this research the understanding of eco friendly is minimum power consumption. The devices that are selected have operationally low power consumption and normally have no power consumption as they are hibernating during idle state. To have the reliability a router of a router that has internal load balancing feature will provide the improvement of previous research on multi 3G services for broadband lines. Previous studies emphasized on accessing and downloading information files from Public Cloud residing Web Servers. The demand is not only for speed but high reliability of access as well. High reliability will mean mitigating both direct and indirect high cost due to repeated attempts of uploading and downloading the large files. Nomadic and mobile computer users need viable solution. Following solution for downloading information has been proposed and tested. The solution is promising. The result is now extended to providing reliable access line by means of redundancy and automatic reconfiguration for uploading and downloading large information files to a Web Server in the Cloud. The technique is taking advantage of internal load balancing feature to provision a redundant line acting as a backup line. A router that has the ability to provide load balancing to several WAN lines is chosen. The WAN lines are constructed using multiple 3G lines. The router supports the accessing Internet with more than one 3G access line which increases the reliability and availability of the Internet access as the second line immediately takes over if the first line is disturbed.

Comparison of the lifting-line free vortex wake method and the blade-element-momentum theory regarding the simulated loads of multi-MW wind turbines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hauptmann, S.; Bülk, M.; Schön, L.; Erbslöh, S.; Boorsma, K.; Grasso, F.; Kühn, M.; Cheng, P. W.

2014-12-01

Design load simulations for wind turbines are traditionally based on the blade- element-momentum theory (BEM). The BEM approach is derived from a simplified representation of the rotor aerodynamics and several semi-empirical correction models. A more sophisticated approach to account for the complex flow phenomena on wind turbine rotors can be found in the lifting-line free vortex wake method. This approach is based on a more physics based representation, especially for global flow effects. This theory relies on empirical correction models only for the local flow effects, which are associated with the boundary layer of the rotor blades. In this paper the lifting-line free vortex wake method is compared to a state- of-the-art BEM formulation with regard to aerodynamic and aeroelastic load simulations of the 5MW UpWind reference wind turbine. Different aerodynamic load situations as well as standardised design load cases that are sensitive to the aeroelastic modelling are evaluated in detail. This benchmark makes use of the AeroModule developed by ECN, which has been coupled to the multibody simulation code SIMPACK.

Optimizing the robustness of electrical power systems against cascading failures.

PubMed

Zhang, Yingrui; Yağan, Osman

2016-06-21

Electrical power systems are one of the most important infrastructures that support our society. However, their vulnerabilities have raised great concern recently due to several large-scale blackouts around the world. In this paper, we investigate the robustness of power systems against cascading failures initiated by a random attack. This is done under a simple yet useful model based on global and equal redistribution of load upon failures. We provide a comprehensive understanding of system robustness under this model by (i) deriving an expression for the final system size as a function of the size of initial attacks; (ii) deriving the critical attack size after which system breaks down completely; (iii) showing that complete system breakdown takes place through a first-order (i.e., discontinuous) transition in terms of the attack size; and (iv) establishing the optimal load-capacity distribution that maximizes robustness. In particular, we show that robustness is maximized when the difference between the capacity and initial load is the same for all lines; i.e., when all lines have the same redundant space regardless of their initial load. This is in contrast with the intuitive and commonly used setting where capacity of a line is a fixed factor of its initial load.

Analyzing the reliability of mechanical parts in 10 kV aerial transmission lines under ice-coating and wind effects in view of their design features

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doletskaya, L. I.; Solopov, R. V.; Kavchenkov, V. P.; Andreenkov, E. S.

2017-12-01

The physical features of the damage of aerial lines with a voltage of 10 kV under ice and wind loads are examined, mathematical models for estimating the reliability the mechanical part in aerial lines with the application of analytical theoretical methods and corresponding mathematical models taking into account the probabilistic nature of ice and wind loads are described, calculation results on reliability, specific damage and average time for restoration in case of emergency outages of 10 kV high-voltage transmission aerial lines with the use of uninsulated and protected wires are presented.

Analysis of Microstrip Line Fed Patch Antenna for Wireless Communications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Ashish; Aneesh, Mohammad; Kamakshi; Ansari, J. A.

2017-11-01

In this paper, theoretical analysis of microstrip line fed rectangular patch antenna loaded with parasitic element and split-ring resonator is presented. The proposed antenna shows that the dualband operation depends on gap between parasitic element, split-ring resonator, length and width of microstrip line. It is found that antenna resonates at two distinct resonating modes i.e., 0.9 GHz and 1.8 GHz for lower and upper resonance frequencies respectively. The antenna shows dual frequency nature with frequency ratio 2.0. The characteristics of microstrip line fed rectangular patch antenna loaded with parasitic element and split-ring resonator antenna is compared with other prototype microstrip line fed antennas. Further, the theoretical results are compared with simulated and reported experimental results, they are in close agreement.

Electromagnetic wrap

DOEpatents

Tremblay, Paul L [Idaho Falls, ID; Scott, Jill R [Idaho Falls, ID

2010-09-28

A device and method for altering the line reactance of a transmission line having a transmission line, a first floating conductor and a grounding (shielding) conductor. The first floating conductor is positioned between and electrically insulated from the transmission line and the grounding conductor. A source and a load are connected at opposite ends of the transmission line.

The effect of finish line preparation and layer thickness on the failure load and fractography of ZrO2 copings.

PubMed

Reich, Sven; Petschelt, Anselm; Lohbauer, Ulrich

2008-05-01

To prevent tooth weakening or pulp irritation, there is a need for a minimally invasive method of preparing single anterior crowns. Restoration dimensions for reduced coping thicknesses or less invasive finish line preparations are required. The purposed of this in vitro was to study investigate the fracture performance of high-strength zirconia copings, compare knife-edge margins with chamfer finish lines, and examine the effect of reducing the layer thickness from 0.5 mm to 0.3 mm. Y-TZP zirconia copings were manufactured on brass dies of a maxillary central incisor. Forty copings, with 2 layer thicknesses (0.5 and 0.3 mm), and 2 finish line preparations (knife edge and chamfer; n=10) were cemented using a conventional glass ionomer cement and stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. The copings were vertically loaded until fracture using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA (alpha=.05). Fractographic examination was performed using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. A significantly higher mean failure load was measured for knife-edge (0.5 mm, 1110 +/-175 N; 0.3 mm, 730 +/-160 N) versus chamfer (0.5 mm, 697 +/-126 N; 0.3 mm, 455 +/-79 N) preparations (P<.001), and for 0.5-mm versus 0.3-mm thickness layers (P<.001). Knife-edge preparations present a promising alternative to chamfer finish lines; the fracture load required for knife-edge preparations was 38% greater than that required for chamfer preparations, regardless of coping thickness. Reducing the thickness of a single crown coping from 0.5 to 0.3 mm resulted in a 35% reduction in fracture load required for either preparation type.

Development of self-forming doxorubicin-loaded polymeric depots as an injectable drug delivery system for liver cancer chemotherapy.

PubMed

Nittayacharn, Pinunta; Nasongkla, Norased

2017-07-01

The objective of this work was to develop self-forming doxorubicin-loaded polymeric depots as an injectable drug delivery system for liver cancer chemotherapy and studied the release profiles of doxorubicin (Dox) from different depot formulations. Tri-block copolymers of poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(D,L-lactide) and poly(ethylene glycol) named PLECs were successfully used as a biodegradable material to encapsulate Dox as the injectable local drug delivery system. Depot formation and encapsulation efficiency of these depots were evaluated. Results show that depots could be formed and encapsulate Dox with high drug loading content. For the release study, drug loading content (10, 15 and 20% w/w) and polymer concentration (25, 30, and 35% w/v) were varied. It could be observed that the burst release occurred within 1-2 days and this burst release could be reduced by physical mixing of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) into the depot system. The degradation at the surface and cross-section of the depots were examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). In addition, cytotoxicity of Dox-loaded depots and blank depots were tested against human liver cancer cell lines (HepG2). Dox released from depots significantly exhibited potent cytotoxic effect against HepG2 cell line compared to that of blank depots. Results from this study reveals an important insight in the development of injectable drug delivery system for liver cancer chemotherapy. Schematic diagram of self-forming doxorubicin-loaded polymeric depots as an injectable drug delivery system and in vitro characterizations. (a) Dox-loaded PLEC depots could be formed with more than 90% of sustained-release Dox at 25% polymer concentration and 20% Dox-loading content. The burst release occurred within 1-2 days and could be reduced by physical mixing of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) into the depot system. (b) Dox released from depots significantly exhibited potent cytotoxic effect against human liver cancer cell lines (HepG2 cell line) compared to that of blank depots. (c) Dox-loaded depots showed bulk erosion with hollow core at day 60.

Condition Assessment and End-of-Life Prediction System for Electric Machines and Their Loads

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parlos, Alexander G.; Toliyat, Hamid A.

2005-01-01

An end-of-life prediction system developed for electric machines and their loads could be used in integrated vehicle health monitoring at NASA and in other government agencies. This system will provide on-line, real-time condition assessment and end-of-life prediction of electric machines (e.g., motors, generators) and/or their loads of mechanically coupled machinery (e.g., pumps, fans, compressors, turbines, conveyor belts, magnetic levitation trains, and others). In long-duration space flight, the ability to predict the lifetime of machinery could spell the difference between mission success or failure. Therefore, the system described here may be of inestimable value to the U.S. space program. The system will provide continuous monitoring for on-line condition assessment and end-of-life prediction as opposed to the current off-line diagnoses.

Design of Control System for Flexible Packaging Bags Palletizing Production Line Based on PLC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Huiping; Chen, Lin; Zhao, Xiaoming; Liu, Zhanyang

Flexible packaging bags palletizing production line is to put the bags in the required area according to particular order and size, in order to finish handling, storage, loading and unloading, transportation and other logistics work of goods. Flexible packaging bags palletizing line is composed of turning bags mechanism, shaping mechanism, indexing mechanism, marshalling mechanism, pushing bags mechanism, pressing bags mechanism, laminating mechanism, elevator, tray warehouse, tray conveyor and loaded tray conveyor. Whether the whole production line can smoothly run depends on each of the above equipment and precision control among them. In this paper the technological process and the control logic of flexible packaging bags palletizing production line is introduced. Palletizing process of the production line realized automation by means of a control system based on programmable logic controller (PLC). It has the advantages of simple structure, reliable and easy maintenance etc.

Line transients with corona

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Saied, M.M.; Safar, Y.A.; Salama, M.H.

1987-01-01

This paper investigates the effect of corona on the electromagnetic transients along high voltage overhead lines. A method is presented to simulate the line by dividing it into a number of sections connected in cascade. For {ital n} line sections, the number of the unknown variables is 2{ital n} + 1. The method allows any waveform of the exciting voltage function, as well as any impedance loading condition. The corona is represented by voltage-dependent shunt current sources. A systematic way for writing a sufficient number of differential equations is shown. For their solution, a digital computer subroutine based on themore » Runge--Kutta--Verner method was used. An artificial frequency-dependent damping by means of linear resistors was used to suppress the Gibb's oscillations in the solution. The proposed method is applied to study the transients on a 40 km high voltage line with 30-ft flat phase spacing and a single 1.4 inch ACSR conductor per phase. The exciting voltage has a double-exponential impulse waveform. Solutions are given for three values of resistive loads Z{sub {ital c}}2Z{sub {ital c}} and Z{sub {ital c}}/2, where Z{sub {ital c}} is the line surge impedance. The results of two interesting cases of inductive and capacitive loads are also given. Physical interpretations for the different solutions are given. Also, the current-voltage duality between inductive and capacitive loads is recognized. The corona was found to attenuate and distort the travelling waves. For example, during one wave excursion, the reduction of the current wave peaks can reach values as high as 8.5%. The effect is more noticeable in the current than in the voltage waves. As expected, it increases also with the line corona losses. The effect of the increase of the line effective capacitance due to the corona discharge is also demonstrated.« less

Buckling Tests with a Spar-rib Grill

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weinhold, Josef

1940-01-01

The present report deals with a comparison of mathematically and experimentally defined buckling loads of a spar-rib grill, on the assumption of constant spar section, and infinitely closely spaced ribs with rigidity symmetrical to the grill center. The loads are applied as equal bending moments at both spar ends, as compression in the line connecting the joints, and in the spar center line as the assumedly uniformly distributed spar weight.

AC resistance measuring instrument

DOEpatents

Hof, P.J.

1983-10-04

An auto-ranging AC resistance measuring instrument for remote measurement of the resistance of an electrical device or circuit connected to the instrument includes a signal generator which generates an AC excitation signal for application to a load, including the device and the transmission line, a monitoring circuit which provides a digitally encoded signal representing the voltage across the load, and a microprocessor which operates under program control to provide an auto-ranging function by which range resistance is connected in circuit with the load to limit the load voltage to an acceptable range for the instrument, and an auto-compensating function by which compensating capacitance is connected in shunt with the range resistance to compensate for the effects of line capacitance. After the auto-ranging and auto-compensation functions are complete, the microprocessor calculates the resistance of the load from the selected range resistance, the excitation signal, and the load voltage signal, and displays of the measured resistance on a digital display of the instrument. 8 figs.

AC Resistance measuring instrument

DOEpatents

Hof, Peter J.

1983-01-01

An auto-ranging AC resistance measuring instrument for remote measurement of the resistance of an electrical device or circuit connected to the instrument includes a signal generator which generates an AC excitation signal for application to a load, including the device and the transmission line, a monitoring circuit which provides a digitally encoded signal representing the voltage across the load, and a microprocessor which operates under program control to provide an auto-ranging function by which range resistance is connected in circuit with the load to limit the load voltage to an acceptable range for the instrument, and an auto-compensating function by which compensating capacitance is connected in shunt with the range resistance to compensate for the effects of line capacitance. After the auto-ranging and auto-compensation functions are complete, the microprocessor calculates the resistance of the load from the selected range resistance, the excitation signal, and the load voltage signal, and displays of the measured resistance on a digital display of the instrument.

Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation on performance of the thermal shield of accelerator cryomodules by thermo-siphon cooling of liquid nitrogen

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Datta, T. S.; Kar, S.; Kumar, M.; Choudhury, A.; Chacko, J.; Antony, J.; Babu, S.; Sahu, S. K.

2015-12-01

Five beam line cryomodules with total 27 superconducting Radio Frequency (RF) cavities are installed and commissioned at IUAC to enhance the energy of heavy ion from 15 UD Pelletron. To reduce the heat load at 4.2 K, liquid nitrogen (LN2) cooled intermediate thermal shield is used for all these cryomodules. For three linac cryomodules, concept of forced flow LN2 cooling is used and for superbuncher and rebuncher, thermo-siphon cooling is incorporated. It is noticed that the shield temperature of superbuncher varies from 90 K to 110 K with respect to liquid nitrogen level. The temperature difference can't be explained by using the basic concept of thermo-siphon with the heat load on up flow line. A simple thermo-siphon experimental set up is developed to simulate the thermal shield temperature profile. Mass flow rate of liquid nitrogen is measured with different heat load on up flow line for different liquid levels. It is noticed that small amount of heat load on down flow line have a significant effect on mass flow rate. The present paper will be investigating the data generated from the thermosiphon experimental set up and a theoretical analysis will be presented here to validate the measured temperature profile of the cryomodule shield.

Methotrexate diethyl ester-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules in aqueous solution increased antineoplastic effects in resistant breast cancer cell line.

PubMed

Yurgel, Virginia C; Oliveira, Catiuscia P; Begnini, Karine R; Schultze, Eduarda; Thurow, Helena S; Leon, Priscila M M; Dellagostin, Odir A; Campos, Vinicius F; Beck, Ruy C R; Guterres, Silvia S; Collares, Tiago; Pohlmann, Adriana R; Seixas, Fabiana K

2014-01-01

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer affecting women. Methotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolic drug that remains important in the treatment of breast cancer. Its efficacy is compromised by resistance in cancer cells that occurs through a variety of mechanisms. This study evaluated apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest induced by an MTX derivative (MTX diethyl ester [MTX(OEt)2]) and MTX(OEt)2-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules in two MTX-resistant breast adenocarcinoma cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The formulations prepared presented adequate granulometric profile. The treatment responses were evaluated through flow cytometry. Relying on the mechanism of resistance, we observed different responses between cell lines. For MCF-7 cells, MTX(OEt)2 solution and MTX(OEt)2-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules presented significantly higher apoptotic rates than untreated cells and cells incubated with unloaded lipid-core nanocapsules. For MDA-MB-231 cells, MTX(OEt)2-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules were significantly more efficient in inducing apoptosis than the solution of the free drug. S-phase cell cycle arrest was induced only by MTX(OEt)2 solution. The drug nanoencapsulation improved apoptosis induction for the cell line that presents MTX resistance by lack of transport receptors.

Methotrexate diethyl ester-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules in aqueous solution increased antineoplastic effects in resistant breast cancer cell line

PubMed Central

Yurgel, Virginia C; Oliveira, Catiuscia P; Begnini, Karine R; Schultze, Eduarda; Thurow, Helena S; Leon, Priscila MM; Dellagostin, Odir A; Campos, Vinicius F; Beck, Ruy CR; Guterres, Silvia S; Collares, Tiago; Pohlmann, Adriana R; Seixas, Fabiana K

2014-01-01

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer affecting women. Methotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolic drug that remains important in the treatment of breast cancer. Its efficacy is compromised by resistance in cancer cells that occurs through a variety of mechanisms. This study evaluated apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest induced by an MTX derivative (MTX diethyl ester [MTX(OEt)2]) and MTX(OEt)2-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules in two MTX-resistant breast adenocarcinoma cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The formulations prepared presented adequate granulometric profile. The treatment responses were evaluated through flow cytometry. Relying on the mechanism of resistance, we observed different responses between cell lines. For MCF-7 cells, MTX(OEt)2 solution and MTX(OEt)2-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules presented significantly higher apoptotic rates than untreated cells and cells incubated with unloaded lipid-core nanocapsules. For MDA-MB-231 cells, MTX(OEt)2-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules were significantly more efficient in inducing apoptosis than the solution of the free drug. S-phase cell cycle arrest was induced only by MTX(OEt)2 solution. The drug nanoencapsulation improved apoptosis induction for the cell line that presents MTX resistance by lack of transport receptors. PMID:24741306

Dynamic Analysis of Tunnel in Weathered Rock Subjected to Internal Blast Loading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tiwari, Rohit; Chakraborty, Tanusree; Matsagar, Vasant

2016-11-01

The present study deals with three-dimensional nonlinear finite element (FE) analyses of a tunnel in rock with reinforced concrete (RC) lining subjected to internal blast loading. The analyses have been performed using the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian analysis tool available in FE software Abaqus/Explicit. Rock and RC lining are modeled using three-dimensional Lagrangian elements. Beam elements have been used to model reinforcement in RC lining. Three different rock types with different weathering conditions have been used to understand the response of rock when subjected to blast load. The trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosive and surrounding air have been modeled using the Eulerian elements. The Drucker-Prager plasticity model with strain rate-dependent material properties has been used to simulate the stress-strain response of rock. The concrete damaged plasticity model and Johnson-Cook plasticity model have been used for the simulation of stress-strain response of concrete and steel, respectively. The explosive (TNT) has been modeled using Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equation of state. The analysis results have been studied for stresses, deformation and damage of RC lining and the surrounding rock. It is observed that damage in RC lining results in higher stress in rock. Rocks with low modulus and high weathering conditions show higher attenuation of shock wave. Higher amount of ground shock wave propagation is observed in case of less weathered rock. Ground heave is observed under blast loading for tunnel close to ground surface.

19 CFR 142.50 - Line Release data base corrections or changes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Line Release data base corrections or changes. 142...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) ENTRY PROCESS Line Release § 142.50 Line Release data base corrections... numbers or bond information on a Line Release Data Loading Sheet as soon as possible. Notification shall...

19 CFR 142.50 - Line Release data base corrections or changes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Line Release data base corrections or changes. 142...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) ENTRY PROCESS Line Release § 142.50 Line Release data base corrections... numbers or bond information on a Line Release Data Loading Sheet as soon as possible. Notification shall...

19 CFR 142.50 - Line Release data base corrections or changes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Line Release data base corrections or changes. 142...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) ENTRY PROCESS Line Release § 142.50 Line Release data base corrections... numbers or bond information on a Line Release Data Loading Sheet as soon as possible. Notification shall...

19 CFR 142.50 - Line Release data base corrections or changes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Line Release data base corrections or changes. 142...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) ENTRY PROCESS Line Release § 142.50 Line Release data base corrections... numbers or bond information on a Line Release Data Loading Sheet as soon as possible. Notification shall...

19 CFR 142.50 - Line Release data base corrections or changes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Line Release data base corrections or changes. 142...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) ENTRY PROCESS Line Release § 142.50 Line Release data base corrections... numbers or bond information on a Line Release Data Loading Sheet as soon as possible. Notification shall...

7 CFR 1726.176 - Communications and control facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... line carrier communications systems, load control, and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA...) Load control systems, communications systems, and SCADA systems—(1) Contract forms. The borrower must...

7 CFR 1726.176 - Communications and control facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... line carrier communications systems, load control, and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA...) Load control systems, communications systems, and SCADA systems—(1) Contract forms. The borrower must...

7 CFR 1726.176 - Communications and control facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... line carrier communications systems, load control, and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA...) Load control systems, communications systems, and SCADA systems—(1) Contract forms. The borrower must...

7 CFR 1726.176 - Communications and control facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... line carrier communications systems, load control, and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA...) Load control systems, communications systems, and SCADA systems—(1) Contract forms. The borrower must...

Assessment of 69 kV Underground Cable Thermal Ratings using Distributed Temperature Sensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stowers, Travis

Underground transmission cables in power systems are less likely to experience electrical faults, however, resulting outage times are much greater in the event that a failure does occur. Unlike overhead lines, underground cables are not self-healing from flashover events. The faulted section must be located and repaired before the line can be put back into service. Since this will often require excavation of the underground duct bank, the procedure to repair the faulted section is both costly and time consuming. These added complications are the prime motivators for developing accurate and reliable ratings for underground cable circuits. This work will review the methods by which power ratings, or ampacity, for underground cables are determined and then evaluate those ratings by making comparison with measured data taken from an underground 69 kV cable, which is part of the Salt River Project (SRP) power subtransmission system. The process of acquiring, installing, and commissioning the temperature monitoring system is covered in detail as well. The collected data are also used to evaluate typical assumptions made when determining underground cable ratings such as cable hot-spot location and ambient temperatures. Analysis results show that the commonly made assumption that the deepest portion of an underground power cable installation will be the hot-spot location does not always hold true. It is shown that distributed cable temperature measurements can be used to locate the proper line segment to be used for cable ampacity calculations.

SLS Intertank Test Article, ITA, is attached to crosshead of loa

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-04

SLS Intertank Test Article, ITA, is attached to crosshead of load test Annex, Bldg. 4619, and removed from bed of KMAG transporter. Rob Ziegler, L, and Roger Myrick, R, of Aerie Aerospace attach load lines to Aft Load Ring of Intertank Test Articlle

SLS Intertank Test Article, ITA, is attached to crosshead of loa

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-04

SLS Intertank Test Article, ITA, is attached to crosshead of load test Annex, Bldg. 4619, and removed from bed of KMAG transporter. Rob Ziegler, (L), and Roger Myrick (R), of Aerie Aerospace attach load lines to Aft Load Ring of Intertank Test Article.

Arc burst pattern analysis fault detection system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Russell, B. Don (Inventor); Aucoin, B. Michael (Inventor); Benner, Carl L. (Inventor)

1997-01-01

A method and apparatus are provided for detecting an arcing fault on a power line carrying a load current. Parameters indicative of power flow and possible fault events on the line, such as voltage and load current, are monitored and analyzed for an arc burst pattern exhibited by arcing faults in a power system. These arcing faults are detected by identifying bursts of each half-cycle of the fundamental current. Bursts occurring at or near a voltage peak indicate arcing on that phase. Once a faulted phase line is identified, a comparison of the current and voltage reveals whether the fault is located in a downstream direction of power flow toward customers, or upstream toward a generation station. If the fault is located downstream, the line is de-energized, and if located upstream, the line may remain energized to prevent unnecessary power outages.

46 CFR 31.10-32 - Loading information-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... § 31.10-32 Loading information—TB/ALL. (a) This section applies to each tankship and tank barge the... have the loading information prescribed in either § 42.15-1(a) or § 45.105(a) of this chapter. For tank vessels subject to the Load Line Acts the information must be approved by the Commandant or by a...

Enhanced Actuator Line Simulation of a Wind Turbine by including the Conservative Load at the Blade Tip

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herraez, Ivan; Micallef, Daniel; van Kuik, Gijs A. M.; Peinke, Joachim

2015-11-01

At the tip of wind turbine blades, the radial bound circulation is transformed into chordwise circulation just before being released as trailing vorticity, giving rise to the tip vortex. The force acting on the chordwise circulation contains a radial and a normal component with respect to the blade axis. This load does not contribute to the torque, so it is a conservative load. Due to this, it is disregarded in the engineering tools used for the design of wind turbines. However, as we demonstrated in a previous work, the conservative load might influence the trajectory of the tip vortex. In order to see how this affects the blade loads, in this research we perform large eddy simulations with an actuator line model where the conservative load has been included. The conservative load reduces the angle of attack in the tip region as a consequence of the modified tip vortex trajectory. This has a negative influence on the lift and the power output. We conclude that the accuracy of engineering design tools of wind turbines can be improved if the conservative load acting at the tip is considered.

Implications of the earthquake cycle for inferring fault locking on the Cascadia megathrust

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pollitz, Fred; Evans, Eileen

2017-01-01

GPS velocity fields in the Western US have been interpreted with various physical models of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system: (1) time-independent block models; (2) time-dependent viscoelastic-cycle models, where deformation is driven by viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and upper mantle from past faulting events; (3) viscoelastic block models, a time-dependent variation of the block model. All three models are generally driven by a combination of loading on locked faults and (aseismic) fault creep. Here we construct viscoelastic block models and viscoelastic-cycle models for the Western US, focusing on the Pacific Northwest and the earthquake cycle on the Cascadia megathrust. In the viscoelastic block model, the western US is divided into blocks selected from an initial set of 137 microplates using the method of Total Variation Regularization, allowing potential trade-offs between faulting and megathrust coupling to be determined algorithmically from GPS observations. Fault geometry, slip rate, and locking rates (i.e. the locking fraction times the long term slip rate) are estimated simultaneously within the TVR block model. For a range of mantle asthenosphere viscosity (4.4 × 1018 to 3.6 × 1020 Pa s) we find that fault locking on the megathrust is concentrated in the uppermost 20 km in depth, and a locking rate contour line of 30 mm yr−1 extends deepest beneath the Olympic Peninsula, characteristics similar to previous time-independent block model results. These results are corroborated by viscoelastic-cycle modelling. The average locking rate required to fit the GPS velocity field depends on mantle viscosity, being higher the lower the viscosity. Moreover, for viscosity ≲ 1020 Pa s, the amount of inferred locking is higher than that obtained using a time-independent block model. This suggests that time-dependent models for a range of admissible viscosity structures could refine our knowledge of the locking distribution and its epistemic uncertainty.

Efficacy of second-line antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS in Asia: Results from the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database

PubMed Central

BOETTIGER, David C; NGUYEN, Van Kinh; DURIER, Nicolas; BUI, Huy Vu; SIM, Benedict Lim Heng; AZWA, Iskandar; LAW, Matthew; RUXRUNGTHAM, Kiat

2014-01-01

Background Roughly 4% of the 1.25 million patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Asia are using second-line therapy. To maximize patient benefit and regional resources it is important to optimize the timing of second-line ART initiation and use the most effective compounds available. Methods HIV positive patients enrolled in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database who had used second-line ART for ≥6 months were included. ART use and rates and predictors of second-line treatment failure were evaluated. Results There were 302 eligible patients. Most were male (76.5%) and exposed to HIV via heterosexual contact (71.5%). Median age at second-line initiation was 39.2 years, median CD4 cell count was 146 cells/mm3, and median HIV viral load was 16,224 copies/mL. Patients started second-line ART before 2007 (n=105), 2007-2010 (n=147) and after 2010 (n=50). Ritonavir-boosted lopinavir and atazanavir accounted for the majority of protease inhibitor use after 2006. Median follow-up time on second-line was 2.3 years. The rates of treatment failure and mortality per 100 patient/years were 8.8 (95%CI 7.1 to 10.9) and 1.1 (95%CI 0.6 to 1.9), respectively. Older age, high baseline viral load and use of a protease inhibitor other than lopinavir or atazanavir were associated with a significantly shorter time to second-line failure. Conclusions Increased access to viral load monitoring to facilitate early detection of first-line ART failure and subsequent treatment switch is important for maximizing the durability of second-line therapy in Asia. Although second-line ART is highly effective in the region, the reported rate of failure emphasizes the need for third-line ART in a small portion of patients. PMID:25590271

Efficacy of second-line antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS in Asia: results from the TREAT Asia HIV observational database.

PubMed

Boettiger, David C; Nguyen, Van K; Durier, Nicolas; Bui, Huy V; Heng Sim, Benedict L; Azwa, Iskandar; Law, Matthew; Ruxrungtham, Kiat

2015-02-01

Roughly 4% of the 1.25 million patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Asia are using second-line therapy. To maximize patient benefit and regional resources, it is important to optimize the timing of second-line ART initiation and use the most effective compounds available. HIV-positive patients enrolled in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database who had used second-line ART for ≥6 months were included. ART use and rates and predictors of second-line treatment failure were evaluated. There were 302 eligible patients. Most were male (76.5%) and exposed to HIV via heterosexual contact (71.5%). Median age at second-line initiation was 39.2 years, median CD4 cell count was 146 cells per cubic millimeter, and median HIV viral load was 16,224 copies per milliliter. Patients started second-line ART before 2007 (n = 105), 2007-2010 (n = 147) and after 2010 (n = 50). Ritonavir-boosted lopinavir and atazanavir accounted for the majority of protease inhibitor use after 2006. Median follow-up time on second-line therapy was 2.3 years. The rates of treatment failure and mortality per 100 patient/years were 8.8 (95% confidence interval: 7.1 to 10.9) and 1.1 (95% confidence interval: 0.6 to 1.9), respectively. Older age, high baseline viral load, and use of a protease inhibitor other than lopinavir or atazanavir were associated with a significantly shorter time to second-line failure. Increased access to viral load monitoring to facilitate early detection of first-line ART failure and subsequent treatment switch is important for maximizing the durability of second-line therapy in Asia. Although second-line ART is highly effective in the region, the reported rate of failure emphasizes the need for third-line ART in a small portion of patients.

Method for Estimating Operational Loads on Aerospace Structures Using Span-Wisely Distributed Surface Strains

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ko, William L.; Fleischer, Van Tran

2013-01-01

This report presents a new method for estimating operational loads (bending moments, shear loads, and torques) acting on slender aerospace structures using distributed surface strains (unidirectional strains). The surface strain-sensing stations are to be evenly distributed along each span-wise strain-sensing line. A depth-wise cross section of the structure along each strain-sensing line can then be considered as an imaginary embedded beam. The embedded beam was first evenly divided into multiple small domains with domain junctures matching the strain-sensing stations. The new method is comprised of two steps. The first step is to determine the structure stiffness (bending or torsion) using surface strains obtained from a simple bending (or torsion) loading case, for which the applied bending moment (or torque) is known. The second step is to use the strain-determined structural stiffness (bending or torsion), and a new set of surface strains induced by any other loading case to calculate the associated operational loads (bending moments, shear loads, or torques). Performance of the new method for estimating operational loads was studied in light of finite-element analyses of several example structures subjected to different loading conditions. The new method for estimating operational loads was found to be fairly accurate, and is very promising for applications to the flight load monitoring of flying vehicles with slender wings.

Effects Of Suspension-Line Damping On LADT #3 And Supersonic BLDT Parachute Inflation Dynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Poole, Lamont R.

1972-01-01

A two-body computerized mathematical model is used to calculate planar dynamics of the LADT #3 and supersonic BLDT parachute inflations. Results indicate that the calculated loads and motions of the LADT #3 inflation are not affected appreciably by variation in the suspension-line damping coefficient. However, variation of the coefficient results in significant changes in the calculated loads and strain rates of the supersonic BLDT inflation.

Dimensional Analysis of Impulse Loading Resulting from Detonation of Shallow-Buried Charges

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

lines running along the floor, floor-bolted seats , ammunition storage racks, power-train lines, etc.). MMMS 9,3 368 Traditionally, the floor-rupture...The power of dimensional analysis is that the functional relations offered are generalized, i.e. the effect of geometrical, kinematic , ambient, loading... ejected vdet Explosive detonation velocity L/T A new quantity added which controls the time of sand-overburden bubble burst Charge/plate positioning

Fluorescence-based monitoring of tracer and substrate distribution in an UASB reactor.

PubMed

Lou, S J; Tartakovsky, B; Zeng, Y; Wu, P; Guiot, S R

2006-11-01

In this work, rhodamine-related fluorescence was measured on-line at four reactor heights in order to study hydrodynamics within an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor. A linear dependence of the dispersion coefficient (D) on the upflow velocity was observed, while the influence of the organic loading rate (OLR) was insignificant. Furthermore, the Bodenstein number of the reactor loaded with granulated sludge was found to be position-dependent with the largest values measured at the bottom of the sludge bed. This trend was not observed in the reactor without sludge. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were measured at the same reactor heights as in rhodamine tests using conventional off-line analytical methods and on-line multiwavelength fluorometry. Significant spatial COD and VFA gradients were observed at organic loading rates above 6g COD l(R)(-1)d(-1) and linear upflow velocities below 0.8m h(-1).

Plasma opening switch

DOEpatents

Savage, Mark E.; Mendel, Jr., Clifford W.

2001-01-01

A command triggered plasma opening switch assembly using an amplification stage. The assembly surrounds a coaxial transmission line and has a main plasma opening switch (POS) close to the load and a trigger POS upstream from the main POS. The trigger POS establishes two different current pathways through the assembly depended on whether it has received a trigger current pulse. The initial pathway has both POS's with plasma between their anodes and cathodes to form a short across the transmission line and isolating the load. The final current pathway is formed when the trigger POS receives a trigger current pulse which energizes its fast coil to push the conductive plasma out from between its anode and cathode, allowing the main transmission line current to pass to the fast coil of the main POS, thus pushing its plasma out the way so as to establish a direct current pathway to the load.

Effect of the connection gap on the heat-load characteristics of a liquid nitrogen bayonet coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsai, H. H.; Liu, C. P.; Hsiao, F. Z.; Huang, T. Y.; Li, H. C.; Chiou, W. S.; Chang, S. H.; Lin, T. F.

2012-12-01

A transfer system for liquid nitrogen (LN2) installed at National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) to provide LN2 required for the superconducting equipment and experimental stations has a LN2 transfer line of length 160 m and pipeline of inner diameter 25 mm, a phase separator (250 L) and an automatic filling station. The end uses include two cryogenic systems, one Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavity, five superconducting magnets, monochromators for the beam line and filling of mobile Dewars. The transfer line is segmented and connected with bayonet couplings. The aim of this work was to investigate, by numerical simulation, the effects on the heat load of the gap thickness of the bayonet assembly and the thickness of vacuum insulation. A numerical correlation was created that has become a basis to minimize the head load for future design of bayonet couplings.

Discovery of dense aggregations of stalked crinoids in Izu-Ogasawara trench, Japan.

PubMed

Oji, Tatsuo; Ogawa, Yujiro; Hunter, Aaron W; Kitazawa, Kota

2009-06-01

Stalked crinoids are recognized as living fossils that typically inhabit modern deep-water environments exceeding 100 m. Previous records of stalked crinoids from hadal depths (exceeding 6000 m) are extremely rare, and no in-situ information has been available. We show here that stalked crinoids live densely on rocky substrates at depths over 9000 m in the Izu-Ogasawara Trench off the eastern coast of Japan, evidenced by underwater photos and videos taken by a remotely operated vehicle. This is the deepest in-situ observation of stalked crinoids and demonstrates that crinoid meadows can exist at hadal depths close to the deepest ocean floor, in a fashion quite similar to populations observed in shallower depths.

Solving Complex Problems: A Convergent Approach to Cognitive Load Measurement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zheng, Robert; Cook, Anne

2012-01-01

The study challenged the current practices in cognitive load measurement involving complex problem solving by manipulating the presence of pictures in multiple rule-based problem-solving situations and examining the cognitive load resulting from both off-line and online measures associated with complex problem solving. Forty-eight participants…

In Vitro Characterization and Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity Effects of Nisin and Nisin-Loaded PLA-PEG-PLA Nanoparticles on Gastrointestinal (AGS and KYSE-30), Hepatic (HepG2) and Blood (K562) Cancer Cell Lines.

PubMed

Goudarzi, Fariba; Asadi, Asadollah; Afsharpour, Maryam; Jamadi, Robab Hassanvand

2018-05-01

The aim of this study was an in vitro evaluation and comparison of the cytotoxic effects of free nisin and nisin-loaded PLA-PEG-PLA nanoparticles on gastrointestinal (AGS and KYSE-30), hepatic (HepG2), and blood (K562) cancer cell lines. To create this novel anti-cancer drug delivery system, the nanoparticles were synthesized and then loaded with nisin. Subsequently, their biocompatibility, ability to enter cells, and physicochemical properties, including formation, size, and shape, were studied using hemolysis, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Then, its loading efficiency and release kinetics were examined to assess the potential impact of this formulation for the nanoparticle carrier candidacy. The cytotoxicities of nisin and nisin-loaded nanoparticles were evaluated by using the MTT and Neutral Red (NR) uptake assays. Detections of the apoptotic cells were done via Ethidium Bromide (EB)/Acridine Orange (AO) staining. The FTIR spectra, SEM images, and DLS graph confirmed the formations of the nanoparticles and nisin-loaded nanoparticles with spherical, distinct, and smooth surfaces and average sizes of 100 and 200 nm, respectively. The loading efficiency of the latter nanoparticles was about 85-90%. The hemolysis test represented their non-cytotoxicities and the FITC images indicated their entrance inside the cells. An increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells was observed through EB/AO staining. These results demonstrated that nisin had a cytotoxic effect on AGS, KYSE-30, HepG2, and K562 cancer cell lines, while the cytotoxicity of nisin-loaded nanoparticles was more than that of the free nisin.

Bathymetry in Petermann fjord from Operation IceBridge aerogravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tinto, Kirsty J.; Bell, Robin E.; Cochran, James R.; Münchow, Andreas

2015-07-01

Petermann Glacier is a major glacier in northern Greenland, maintaining one of the few remaining floating ice tongues in Greenland. Monitoring programs, such as NASA's Operation IceBridge have surveyed Petermann Glacier over several decades and have found it to be stable in terms of mass balance, velocity and grounding-line position. The future vulnerability of this large glacier to changing ocean temperatures and climate depends on the ocean-ice interactions beneath its floating tongue. These cannot currently be predicted due to a lack of knowledge of the bathymetry underneath the ice tongue. Here we use aerogravity data from Operation IceBridge, together with airborne radar and laser data and shipborne bathymetry-soundings to model the bathymetry beneath the Petermann ice tongue. We find a basement-cored inner sill at 540-610 m depth that results in a water cavity with minimum thickness of 400 m about 25 km from the grounding line. The sill is coincident with the location of the melt rate minimum. Seaward of the sill the fjord is strongly asymmetric. The deepest point occurs on the eastern side of the fjord at 1150 m, 600 m deeper than on the western side. This asymmetry is due to a sedimentary deposit on the western side of the fjord. A 350-410 m-deep outer sill, also mapped by marine surveys, marks the seaward end of the fjord. This outer sill is aligned with the proposed Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) grounding-line position for Petermann Glacier. The inner sill likely provided a stable pinning point for the grounding line in the past, punctuating the retreat of Petermann Glacier since the LGM.

Distribution of leakage currents in the cylindrical and conical sections of the magnetically insulated transmission line of the Angara-5-1 facility in experiments with wire arrays

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grabovski, E. V.; Gribov, A. N.; Samokhin, A. A.

2016-08-15

Current leakages in the magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITL) impose restrictions on the transmission of electromagnetic pulses to the load in high-power electrophysical facilities. The multimodule Angara-5-1 facility with an output electric power of up to 6 TW is considered. In this work, the experimental and calculated profiles of leakage currents in two sections of the line are compared when the eight-module facility is loaded by a wire array. The azimuthal distribution of the current in the cylindrical section of the MITL is also considered.

Margined winner-take-all: New learning rule for pattern recognition.

PubMed

Fukushima, Kunihiko

2018-01-01

The neocognitron is a deep (multi-layered) convolutional neural network that can be trained to recognize visual patterns robustly. In the intermediate layers of the neocognitron, local features are extracted from input patterns. In the deepest layer, based on the features extracted in the intermediate layers, input patterns are classified into classes. A method called IntVec (interpolating-vector) is used for this purpose. This paper proposes a new learning rule called margined Winner-Take-All (mWTA) for training the deepest layer. Every time when a training pattern is presented during the learning, if the result of recognition by WTA (Winner-Take-All) is an error, a new cell is generated in the deepest layer. Here we put a certain amount of margin to the WTA. In other words, only during the learning, a certain amount of handicap is given to cells of classes other than that of the training vector, and the winner is chosen under this handicap. By introducing the margin to the WTA, we can generate a compact set of cells, with which a high recognition rate can be obtained with a small computational cost. The ability of this mWTA is demonstrated by computer simulation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reefing Line Tension in CPAS Main Parachute Clusters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ray, Eric S.

2013-01-01

Reefing lines are an essential feature to manage inflation loads. During each Engineering Development Unit (EDU) test of the Capsule Parachute Assembly System (CPAS), a chase aircraft is staged to be level with the cluster of Main ringsail parachutes during the initial inflation and reefed stages. This allows for capturing high-quality still photographs of the reefed skirt, suspension line, and canopy geometry. The over-inflation angles are synchronized with measured loads data in order to compute the tension force in the reefing line. The traditional reefing tension equation assumes radial symmetry, but cluster effects cause the reefed skirt of each parachute to elongate to a more elliptical shape. This effect was considered in evaluating multiple parachutes to estimate the semi-major and semi-minor axes. Three flight tests are assessed, including one with a skipped first stage, which had peak reefing line tension over three times higher than the nominal parachute disreef sequence.

A Regional Survey of River-plume Sedimentation on the Mississippi River Delta Front

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Courtois, A. J.; Bentley, S. J.; Xu, K.; Georgiou, I. Y.; Maloney, J. M.; Miner, M. D.; Chaytor, J. D.; Smith, J.

2017-12-01

Many studies of the Mississippi River and Delta (MRD) have shown historic declines in sediment load reaching the main river distributaries over the last few decades. Recent studies also reported that 50% of the suspended load during floods is sequestered within the delta. While the impact of declining sediment load on wetland loss is well documented, submarine sedimentary processes on the delta front during this recent period of declining sediment load are understudied. To better understand modern sediment dispersal and deposition across the Mississippi River Delta Front, 31 multicores were collected in June 2017 from locations extending offshore from Southwest Pass, South Pass, and Pass a Loutre (the main river outlets) in water depths of 25-280 m. Core locations were selected based on multibeam bathymetry and morphology collected by the USGS in May 2017; the timing of collection coincided with the end of annual peak discharge on the Mississippi River. This multi-agency survey is the first to study delta-front sedimentary processes regionally with such a wide suite of tools. Target locations for coring included the dominant depositional environments: mudflow lobes, gullies, and undisturbed prodelta. Cores were subsampled at 2 cm intervals and analyzed for Beryllium-7 activity via gamma spectrometry; in such settings, Be-7 can be used as a tracer of sediment recently delivered from fluvial origin. Results indicate a general trend of declining Be-7 activity with increasing distance from source, and in deeper water. Inshore samples near Southwest Pass show the deepest penetration depth of Be-7 into the sediment (24-26 cm), which is a preliminary indicator of rapid seasonal sedimentation. Nearshore samples from South Pass exhibited similar Be-7 penetration depths, with results near Pass a Loutre to 14-16 cm depth. Be-7 remains detectable to 2 cm in water 206 m deep, approximately 20 km from South Pass. Sediment dispersal remains impressive offshore from all three major river outlets, despite overall decline of sediment load in recent decades, and pronounced declines for South Pass and Pass a Loutre. Future research will focus on relationships among changing sediment loads, dispersal patterns, and sediment transport by mudflows, which are an important process for dispersal after initial deposition.

Release of inattentional blindness by high working memory load: elucidating the relationship between working memory and selective attention.

PubMed

de Fockert, Jan W; Bremner, Andrew J

2011-12-01

An unexpected stimulus often remains unnoticed if attention is focused elsewhere. This inattentional blindness has been shown to be increased under conditions of high memory load. Here we show that increasing working memory load can also have the opposite effect of reducing inattentional blindness (i.e., improving stimulus detection) if stimulus detection is competing for attention with a concurrent visual task. Participants were required to judge which of two lines was the longer while holding in working memory either one digit (low load) or six digits (high load). An unexpected visual stimulus was presented once alongside the line judgment task. Detection of the unexpected stimulus was significantly improved under conditions of higher working memory load. This improvement in performance prompts the striking conclusion that an effect of cognitive load is to increase attentional spread, thereby enhancing our ability to detect perceptual stimuli to which we would normally be inattentionally blind under less taxing cognitive conditions. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of the relationship between working memory and selective attention. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Statistical analysis of cascading failures in power grids

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chertkov, Michael; Pfitzner, Rene; Turitsyn, Konstantin

2010-12-01

We introduce a new microscopic model of cascading failures in transmission power grids. This model accounts for automatic response of the grid to load fluctuations that take place on the scale of minutes, when optimum power flow adjustments and load shedding controls are unavailable. We describe extreme events, caused by load fluctuations, which cause cascading failures of loads, generators and lines. Our model is quasi-static in the causal, discrete time and sequential resolution of individual failures. The model, in its simplest realization based on the Directed Current description of the power flow problem, is tested on three standard IEEE systemsmore » consisting of 30, 39 and 118 buses. Our statistical analysis suggests a straightforward classification of cascading and islanding phases in terms of the ratios between average number of removed loads, generators and links. The analysis also demonstrates sensitivity to variations in line capacities. Future research challenges in modeling and control of cascading outages over real-world power networks are discussed.« less

Coupling with concentric contact around motor shaft for line start synchronous motor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Melfi, Michael J.; Burdeshaw, Galen E.

A method comprises providing a line-start synchronous motor. The motor has a stator, a rotor core disposed within the stator, and a motor shaft. In accordance with a step of the method, a coupling for coupling a load to the motor is provided. The coupling has a motor shaft attachment portion configured to provide substantially concentric contact around the shaft at the end of the motor shaft. The coupling has a load attachment portion configured to operatively connect to a load. In accordance with a step of the method, a load is coupled to the motor with the coupling, andmore » driven from start to at least near synchronous speed during steady state operation of the motor with a load coupled thereto. The motor shaft attachment portion may comprise a bushing assembly with matching and opposed tapered surfaces that cooperate to secure the motor shaft attachment portion around the motor shaft.« less

Microfluidic Remote Loading for Rapid Single-Step Liposomal Drug Preparation

PubMed Central

Hood, R.R.; Vreeland, W. N.; DeVoe, D.L.

2014-01-01

Microfluidic-directed formation of liposomes is combined with in-line sample purification and remote drug loading for single step, continuous-flow synthesis of nanoscale vesicles containing high concentrations of stably loaded drug compounds. Using an on-chip microdialysis element, the system enables rapid formation of large transmembrane pH and ion gradients, followed by immediate introduction of amphipathic drug for real-time remote loading into the liposomes. The microfluidic process enables in-line formation of drug-laden liposomes with drug:lipid molar ratios of up to 1.3, and a total on-chip residence time of approximately 3 min, representing a significant improvement over conventional bulk-scale methods which require hours to days for combined liposome synthesis and remote drug loading. The microfluidic platform may be further optimized to support real-time generation of purified liposomal drug formulations with high concentrations of drugs and minimal reagent waste for effective liposomal drug preparation at or near the point of care. PMID:25003823

SPF/DB primary structure for supersonic aircraft (T-38 horizontal stabilizer)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Delmundo, A. R.; Mcquilkin, F. T.; Rivas, R. R.

1981-01-01

The structural integrity and potential cost savings of superplastic forming/diffusion bonding (SPF/DB) titanium structure for future Supersonic Cruise Research (SCR) and military aircraft primary structure applications was demonstrated. Using the horizontal stabilizer of the T-38 aircraft as a baseline, the structure was redesigned to the existing criteria and loads, using SPF/DB titanium technology. The general concept of using a full-depth sandwich structure which is attached to a steel spindle, was retained. Trade studies demonstrated that the optimum design should employ double-truss, sinewave core in the deepest section of the surface, making a transition to single-truss core in the thinner areas at the leading and trailing edges and at the tip. At the extreme thin edges of the surface, the single-truss core was changed to dot core to provide for gas passages during the SPF/DB process. The selected SPF/DB horizontal stabilizer design consisted of a one-piece SPF/DB sinewave truss core panel, a trunnion fitting, and reinforcing straps. The fitting and the straps were mechanically fastened to the SPF/DB panel.

Factors influencing load-haul-dump operator line of sight in underground mining.

PubMed

Eger, Tammy; Salmoni, Alan; Whissell, Robert

2004-03-01

The inability of load-haul-dump (LHD) equipment operators to see people, objects or hazards around the LHD machine they drive is a causal factor in a number of serious accidents. Line of sight evaluations were conducted on 11 different LHD models. Results indicated blind spots were caused by cab posts, and vehicles lights and light brackets. Line of sight impairments were caused by wheel well covers, buckets, fire extinguisher, light posts, radiator covers, booms, radio remote boxes, elevated engine profiles and air intake cylinders. These results were supported by questionnaires completed by 130 LHD operators. The operators indicated the bucket, lights and light brackets, boom and cab impaired line of sight. Line of sight testing and LHD operator feedback indicated line of sight to the right front corner and back right corner were typically worse than line of sight to the front left side of the vehicle. Results of this study have been used to conduct awareness campaigns within the Ontario mining industry and to suggest vehicle design modifications to LHD manufacturers.

7 CFR 1724.51 - Design requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) Transmission lines. (1) All transmission line design data must be approved by RUS. (2) Design data consists of all significant design features, including, but not limited to, transmission line design data summary..., or steel towers, in which load information will be used to purchase the structures, the design data...

X-Ray Binary Populations in a Cosmological Context, Including NuSTAR Predictions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cardiff, Ann Hornschemeier

2011-01-01

The new ultradeep 4 Ms Chandra Deep Field South has afforded the deepest view ever of X-ray binary populations. We report on the latest results on both LMXB and HMXB evolution out to redshifts of approximately four, including comparison with the latest theoretical models, using this deepest-ever view of the X-ray universe with Chandra. The upcoming NuSTAR mission will open up X-ray binary populations in the hard X-ray band, similar to the pioneering work of Fabbiano et al. in the Einstein era. We report on plans to study both Local Group and starburst galaxies as well as the implications those observations may have for X-ray binary populations in galaxies contributing to the Cosmic X-ray Background.

Wind turbine rotor simulation using the actuator disk and actuator line methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tzimas, M.; Prospathopoulos, J.

2016-09-01

The present paper focuses on wind turbine rotor modeling for loads and wake flow prediction. Two steady-state models based on the actuator disk approach are considered, using either a uniform thrust or a blade element momentum calculation of the wind turbine loads. A third model is based on the unsteady-state actuator line approach. Predictions are compared with measurements in wind tunnel experiments and in atmospheric environment and the capabilities and weaknesses of the different models are addressed.

Multi-stage rescheduling of generation, load shedding and short-term transmission capacity for emergency state control

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krogh, B.; Chow, J.H.; Javid, H.S.

1983-05-01

A multi-stage formulation of the problem of scheduling generation, load shedding and short term transmission capacity for the alleviation of a viability emergency is presented. The formulation includes generation rate of change constraints, a linear network solution, and a model of the short term thermal overload capacity of transmission lines. The concept of rotating transmission line overloads for emergency state control is developed. The ideas are illustrated by a numerical example.

Transient Three-Dimensional Side Load Analysis of Out-of-Round Film Cooled Nozzles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, Ten-See; Lin, Jeff; Ruf, Joe; Guidos, Mike

2010-01-01

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of nozzle out-of-roundness on the transient startup side loads at a high altitude, with an anchored computational methodology. The out-of-roundness could be the result of asymmetric loads induced by hardware attached to the nozzle, asymmetric internal stresses induced by previous tests, and deformation, such as creep, from previous tests. The rocket engine studied encompasses a regeneratively cooled thrust chamber and a film cooled nozzle extension with film coolant distributed from a turbine exhaust manifold. The computational methodology is based on an unstructured-grid, pressure-based computational fluid dynamics formulation, and a transient inlet history based on an engine system simulation. Transient startup computations were performed with the out-of-roundness achieved by four different degrees of ovalization: one perfectly round, one slightly out-of-round, one more out-of-round, and one significantly out-of-round. The results show that the separation-line-jump is the peak side load physics for the round, slightly our-of-round, and more out-of-round cases, and the peak side load increases as the degree of out-of-roundness increases. For the significantly out-of-round nozzle, however, the peak side load reduces to comparable to that of the round nozzle and the separation line jump is not the peak side load physics. The counter-intuitive result of the significantly out-of-round case is found to be related to a side force reduction mechanism that splits the effect of the separation-line-jump into two parts, not only in the circumferential direction and most importantly in time.

Transmission expansion with smart switching under demand uncertainty and line failures

DOE PAGES

Schumacher, Kathryn M.; Chen, Richard Li-Yang; Cohn, Amy E. M.

2016-06-07

One of the major challenges in deciding where to build new transmission lines is that there is uncertainty regarding future loads, renewal generation output and equipment failures. We propose a robust optimization model whose transmission expansion solutions ensure that demand can be met over a wide range of conditions. Specifically, we require feasible operation for all loads and renewable generation levels within given ranges, and for all single transmission line failures. Furthermore, we consider transmission switching as an allowable recovery action. This relatively inexpensive method of redirecting power flows improves resiliency, but introduces computational challenges. Lastly, we present a novelmore » algorithm to solve this model. Computational results are discussed.« less

30 CFR 250.1205 - Site security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... security? You must: (1) Protect Federal production against production loss or theft; (2) Post a sign at... Supervisor as soon as possible, but no later than the next business day after discovery: (i) Theft or... on lines leaving a royalty or inventory storage tank, including load-out line valves, drain-line...

30 CFR 250.1205 - Site security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Federal production against production loss or theft; (2) Post a sign at each royalty or inventory tank... meters and tanks; and (4) Report the following to the Regional Supervisor as soon as possible, but no... inventory storage tank, including load-out line valves, drain-line valves, and connection-line valves...

30 CFR 250.1205 - Site security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... security? You must: (1) Protect Federal production against production loss or theft; (2) Post a sign at... Supervisor as soon as possible, but no later than the next business day after discovery: (i) Theft or... on lines leaving a royalty or inventory storage tank, including load-out line valves, drain-line...

30 CFR 250.1205 - Site security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... security? You must: (1) Protect Federal production against production loss or theft; (2) Post a sign at... Supervisor as soon as possible, but no later than the next business day after discovery: (i) Theft or... on lines leaving a royalty or inventory storage tank, including load-out line valves, drain-line...

Lightweight In-Plane Actuated Deformable Mirrors for Space Telescopes

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-01

dimensional beam-string and axisymmetric plate-membrane. The beam-string (a clamped beam simultaneously under an axial load ) is an important...Tensile load versus radius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 7.4. Actuation voltage functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179...membrane Asymptotic finite element Flint and De- noyer [45] 2003 In-plane Circular membrane Numerical least squares fit Actuators modelled as line loads

46 CFR 44.05-35 - Form of load line certificate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... steamers navigate a river or inland water, deeper loading is permitted corresponding to the weight of fuel, etc., required for consumption between the point of departure and the open sea. The upper edge of the...

46 CFR 44.05-35 - Form of load line certificate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... steamers navigate a river or inland water, deeper loading is permitted corresponding to the weight of fuel, etc., required for consumption between the point of departure and the open sea. The upper edge of the...

46 CFR 44.05-35 - Form of load line certificate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... steamers navigate a river or inland water, deeper loading is permitted corresponding to the weight of fuel, etc., required for consumption between the point of departure and the open sea. The upper edge of the...

46 CFR 44.05-35 - Form of load line certificate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... steamers navigate a river or inland water, deeper loading is permitted corresponding to the weight of fuel, etc., required for consumption between the point of departure and the open sea. The upper edge of the...

Synthesis of curcumin-loaded chitosan phosphate nanoparticle and study of its cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity.

PubMed

Deka, C; Aidew, L; Devi, N; Buragohain, A K; Kakati, D K

2016-11-01

Curcumin has acquired an important position in the treatment of various diseases. But its use, as a chemotherapeutic agent, is limited due to its low water solubility, poor bioavailability, and its sensitive nature at the physiological pH. To overcome this, curcumin was loaded into chitosan phosphate nanoparticles (CPNs). The loading efficiency was found to be 84%. DLS studies revealed the average particle size of CPNs and curcumin-loaded CPNs as 53 and 91 nm, respectively, and TEM results supplemented these values. A sustained release pattern was noticed and the amount of curcumin released in acidic pH was higher than at physiological pH. The curcumin nanoformulation exhibited proficient activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungus. Cytocompatibility of the nanoformulations against peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and murine monocyte-macrophage cell line was confirmed by incubating with PBMCs and murine monocyte-macrophage cell line.

In-line monitoring of Li-ion battery electrode porosity and areal loading using active thermal scanning - modeling and initial experiment

DOE PAGES

Rupnowski, Przemyslaw; Ulsh, Michael J.; Sopori, Bhushan; ...

2017-08-18

This work focuses on a new technique called active thermal scanning for in-line monitoring of porosity and areal loading of Li-ion battery electrodes. In this technique a moving battery electrode is subjected to thermal excitation and the induced temperature rise is monitored using an infra-red camera. Static and dynamic experiments with speeds up to 1.5 m min -1 are performed on both cathodes and anodes and a combined micro- and macro-scale finite element thermal model of the system is developed. It is shown experimentally and through simulations that during thermal scanning the temperature profile generated in an electrode depends onmore » both coating porosity (or area loading) and thickness. Here, it is concluded that by inverting this relation the porosity (or areal loading) can be determined, if thermal response and thickness are simultaneously measured.« less

In-line monitoring of Li-ion battery electrode porosity and areal loading using active thermal scanning - modeling and initial experiment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rupnowski, Przemyslaw; Ulsh, Michael J.; Sopori, Bhushan

This work focuses on a new technique called active thermal scanning for in-line monitoring of porosity and areal loading of Li-ion battery electrodes. In this technique a moving battery electrode is subjected to thermal excitation and the induced temperature rise is monitored using an infra-red camera. Static and dynamic experiments with speeds up to 1.5 m min -1 are performed on both cathodes and anodes and a combined micro- and macro-scale finite element thermal model of the system is developed. It is shown experimentally and through simulations that during thermal scanning the temperature profile generated in an electrode depends onmore » both coating porosity (or area loading) and thickness. Here, it is concluded that by inverting this relation the porosity (or areal loading) can be determined, if thermal response and thickness are simultaneously measured.« less

In-line monitoring of Li-ion battery electrode porosity and areal loading using active thermal scanning - modeling and initial experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rupnowski, Przemyslaw; Ulsh, Michael; Sopori, Bhushan; Green, Brian G.; Wood, David L.; Li, Jianlin; Sheng, Yangping

2018-01-01

This work focuses on a new technique called active thermal scanning for in-line monitoring of porosity and areal loading of Li-ion battery electrodes. In this technique a moving battery electrode is subjected to thermal excitation and the induced temperature rise is monitored using an infra-red camera. Static and dynamic experiments with speeds up to 1.5 m min-1 are performed on both cathodes and anodes and a combined micro- and macro-scale finite element thermal model of the system is developed. It is shown experimentally and through simulations that during thermal scanning the temperature profile generated in an electrode depends on both coating porosity (or area loading) and thickness. It is concluded that by inverting this relation the porosity (or areal loading) can be determined, if thermal response and thickness are simultaneously measured.

Development of the ITER ICH Transmission Line and Matching System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rasmussen, D. A.; Goulding, R. H.; Pesavento, P. V.; Peters, B.; Swain, D. W.; Fredd, E. H.; Hosea, J.; Greenough, N.

2011-10-01

The ITER Ion Cyclotron Heating (ICH) System is designed to couple 20 MW of heating power for ion and electron heating. Prototype components for the ITER Ion Cyclotron Heating (ICH) transmission line and matching system are being designed and tested. The ICH transmission lines are pressurized 300 mm diameter coaxial lines with water-cooled aluminum outer conductor and gas-cooled and water-cooled copper inner conductor. Each ICH transmission line is designed to handle 40-55 MHz power at up to 6 MW/line. A total of 8 lines split to 16 antenna inputs on two ICH antennas. Industrial suppliers have designed coaxial transmission line and matching components and prototypes will be manufactured. The prototype components will be qualified on a test stand operating at the full power and pulse length needed for ITER. The matching system must accommodated dynamic changes in the plasma loading due to ELMS and the L to H-mode transition. Passive ELM tolerance will be performed using hybrid couplers and loads, which can absorb the transient reflected power. The system is also designed to compensate for the mutual inductances of the antenna current straps to limit the peak voltages on the antenna array elements.

Miniaturized Wilkinson Power Dividers Utilizing Capacitive Loading

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scardelletti, Maximilian C.; Ponchak, George E.; Weller, Thomas M.

2001-01-01

This letter reports the miniaturization of a planar Wilkinson power divider by capacitive loading of the quarter wave transmission lines employed in conventional Wilkinson power dividers. Reduction of the transmission line segments from lambda/4 to between lambda/5 and lambda/12 are reported here. The input and output lines at the three ports and the lines comprising the divider itself are coplanar waveguide (CPW) and asymmetric coplanar stripline (ACPS), respectively. The 10 GHZ power dividers are fabricated on high resistivity silicon (HRS) and alumina wafers. These miniaturized dividers are 74% smaller than conventional Wilkinson power dividers, and have a return loss better than +30 dB and an insertion loss less than 0.55 dB. Design equations and a discussion about the effect of parasitic reactance on the isolation are presented for the first time.

Scaling Relations of Starburst-driven Galactic Winds

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tanner, Ryan; Cecil, Gerald; Heitsch, Fabian, E-mail: rytanner@augusta.edu

2017-07-10

Using synthetic absorption lines generated from 3D hydrodynamical simulations, we explore how the velocity of a starburst-driven galactic wind correlates with the star formation rate (SFR) and SFR density. We find strong correlations for neutral and low ionized gas, but no correlation for highly ionized gas. The correlations for neutral and low ionized gas only hold for SFRs below a critical limit set by the mass loading of the starburst, above which point the scaling relations flatten abruptly. Below this point the scaling relations depend on the temperature regime being probed by the absorption line, not on the mass loading.more » The exact scaling relation depends on whether the maximum or mean velocity of the absorption line is used. We find that the outflow velocity of neutral gas can be up to five times lower than the average velocity of ionized gas, with the velocity difference increasing for higher ionization states. Furthermore, the velocity difference depends on both the SFR and mass loading of the starburst. Thus, absorption lines of neutral or low ionized gas cannot easily be used as a proxy for the outflow velocity of the hot gas.« less

The response of cylindrical panels fabricated from symmetrically and unsymmetrically laminated composite materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carper, D. M.; Johnson, E. R.; Hyer, M. W.

1983-01-01

Equations are developed which govern the deflection response of long cylindrical panels subjected to a line load. The line load is directed toward the center of curvature of the panel, is located at an arbitrary point along the arc length of the panel, and is included at an arbitrary angle relative to the radial direction. Only the geometrically linear problem is considered and the spatial dependence in the problem is reduced to one independent variable, specifically, the arc length along the panel. The problem is thus solvable in closed form. Both symmetrically laminated and the less common unsymmetrically laminated simply supported panels are studied. The unsymmetrically laminated case was considered because the natural shape of an unsymmetric laminate is cylindrical. Results are presented which show the influence of the location and inclination of the line load on panel deflection. Shallow and deep panels are considered. Both the symmetric and unsymmetric panels exhibit similar behavior, the unsymmetric configurations being less stiff. Limited experimental results are presented.

High rate of virological failure and low rate of switching to second-line treatment among adolescents and adults living with HIV on first-line ART in Myanmar, 2005-2015

PubMed Central

Harries, Anthony D.; Kumar, Ajay M. V.; Oo, Myo Minn; Kyaw, Khine Wut Yee; Win, Than; Aung, Thet Ko; Min, Aung Chan; Oo, Htun Nyunt

2017-01-01

Background The number of people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Myanmar has been increasing rapidly in recent years. This study aimed to estimate rates of virological failure on first-line ART and switching to second-line ART due to treatment failure at the Integrated HIV Care program (IHC). Methods Routinely collected data of all adolescent and adult patients living with HIV who were initiated on first-line ART at IHC between 2005 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The cumulative hazard of virological failure on first-line ART and switching to second-line ART were estimated. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios were calculated using the Cox regression model to identify risk factors associated with the two outcomes. Results Of 23,248 adults and adolescents, 7,888 (34%) were tested for HIV viral load. The incidence rate of virological failure among those tested was 3.2 per 100 person-years follow-up and the rate of switching to second-line ART among all patients was 1.4 per 100 person-years follow-up. Factors associated with virological failure included: being adolescent; being lost to follow-up at least once; having WHO stage 3 and 4 at ART initiation; and having taken first-line ART elsewhere before coming to IHC. Of the 1032 patients who met virological failure criteria, 762 (74%) switched to second-line ART. Conclusions We found high rates of virological failure among one third of patients in the cohort who were tested for viral load. Of those failing virologically on first-line ART, about one quarter were not switched to second-line ART. Routine viral load monitoring, especially for those identified as having a higher risk of treatment failure, should be considered in this setting to detect all patients failing on first-line ART. Strategies also need to be put in place to prevent treatment failure and to treat more of those patients who are actually failing. PMID:28182786

Genetic selection to increase bone strength affects prevalence of keel bone damage and egg parameters in commercially housed laying hens.

PubMed

Stratmann, A; Fröhlich, E K F; Gebhardt-Henrich, S G; Harlander-Matauschek, A; Würbel, H; Toscano, M J

2016-05-01

The prevalence of keel bone damage as well as external egg parameters of 2 pure lines divergently selected for high (H) and low (L) bone strength were investigated in 2 aviary systems under commercial conditions. A standard LSL hybrid was used as a reference group. Birds were kept mixed per genetic line (77 hens of the H and L line and 201 or 206 hens of the LSL line, respectively, per pen) in 8 pens of 2 aviary systems differing in design. Keel bone status and body mass of 20 focal hens per line and pen were assessed at 17, 18, 23, 30, 36, 43, 52, and 63 wk of age. External egg parameters (i.e., egg mass, eggshell breaking strength, thickness, and mass) were measured using 10 eggs per line at both 38 and 57 wk of age. Body parameters (i.e. tarsus and third primary wing feather length to calculate index of wing loading) were recorded at 38 wk of age and mortality per genetic line throughout the laying cycle. Bone mineral density (BMD) of 15 keel bones per genetic line was measured after slaughter to confirm assignment of the experimental lines. We found a greater BMD in the H compared with the L and LSL lines. Fewer keel bone fractures and deviations, a poorer external egg quality, as well as a lower index of wing loading were found in the H compared with the L line. Mortality was lower and production parameters (e.g., laying performance) were higher in the LSL line compared with the 2 experimental lines. Aviary design affected prevalence of keel bone damage, body mass, and mortality. We conclude that selection of specific bone traits associated with bone strength as well as the related differences in body morphology (i.e., lower index of wing loading) have potential to reduce keel bone damage in commercial settings. Also, the housing environment (i.e., aviary design) may have additive effects. © 2016 Poultry Science Association Inc.

On-line algorithms for forecasting hourly loads of an electric utility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vemuri, S.; Huang, W.L.; Nelson, D.J.

A method that lends itself to on-line forecasting of hourly electric loads is presented, and the results of its use are compared to models developed using the Box-Jenkins method. The method consits of processing the historical hourly loads with a sequential least-squares estimator to identify a finite-order autoregressive model which, in turn, is used to obtain a parsimonious autoregressive-moving average model. The method presented has several advantages in comparison with the Box-Jenkins method including much-less human intervention, improved model identification, and better results. The method is also more robust in that greater confidence can be placed in the accuracy ofmore » models based upon the various measures available at the identification stage.« less

Dwarfs in the Deepest Fields at Noon: Studying Size and Shape of Low-mass Galaxies out to z 3 in Five HST Legacy Fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Yicheng

2017-08-01

Galaxies with stellar mass 100x-1000x times smaller than our Milky Way (hereafter dwarf galaxies or DGs) are important for understanding galaxy formation and evolution by being the most sensitive probes of both the macro-physics of dark matter halos and the micro-physics of the different physical mechanisms that regulate star formation and shape galaxies. Currently, however, observations of distant DGs have been hampered by small samples and poor quality due to their faintness. We propose an archival study of the size, morphology, and structures of DGs out to z 3.0 by combining the archived data from five of the deepest regions that HST has ever observed: eXtreme Deep Field (XDF, updated from HUDF) and the Hubble Legacy Fields (HLFs). Our program would be the first to advance the morphology studies of DGs to the Cosmic Noon (z 2), and hence place unprecedented constraints on models of galaxy structure formation. Equally important is the data product of our program: multi-wavelength photometry and morphology catalogs for all detected galaxies in these fields. These catalogs would be a timely treasure for the public to prepare for the coming JWST era by providing detailed information of small, faint, but important objects in some deepest HST fields for JWST observations.

Rooting depths of plants on low-level waste disposal sites

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Foxx, T.S.; Tierney, G.D.; Williams, J.M.

1984-11-01

In 1981-1982 an extensive bibliographic study was done to reference rooting depths of native plants in the United States. The data base presently contains 1034 different rooting citations with approximately 12,000 data elements. For this report, data were analyzed for rooting depths related to species found on low-level waste (LLW) sites at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Average rooting depth and rooting frequencies were determined and related to present LLW maintenance. The data base was searched for information on rooting depths of 53 species found on LLW sites at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The study indicates 12 out of 13 grassesmore » found on LLW sites root below 91 cm. June grass (Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers.) (76 cm) was the shallowest rooting grass and side-oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.) was the deepest rooting grass (396 cm). Forbs were more variable in rooting depths. Indian paintbrush (Castelleja spp.) (30 cm) was the shallowest rooting forb and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was the deepest (>3900 cm). Trees and shrubs commonly rooted below 457 cm. The shallowest rooting tree was elm (Ulmus pumila L.) (127 cm) and the deepest was one-seed juniper (Juniperus monosperma (Engelm) Sarg.) (>6000 cm). Apache plume (Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl.) rooted to 140 cm, whereas fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canecens (Pursh) Nutt.) rooted to 762 cm.« less

46 CFR 160.031-2 - Type and size.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Line-Throwing Appliance, Shoulder Gun Type (and Equipment) § 160.031-2 Type and size. (a) The shoulder gun type line-throwing appliance shall be breech-loading for the...

46 CFR 160.031-2 - Type and size.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Line-Throwing Appliance, Shoulder Gun Type (and Equipment) § 160.031-2 Type and size. (a) The shoulder gun type line-throwing appliance shall be breech-loading for the...

46 CFR 160.031-2 - Type and size.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Line-Throwing Appliance, Shoulder Gun Type (and Equipment) § 160.031-2 Type and size. (a) The shoulder gun type line-throwing appliance shall be breech-loading for the...

46 CFR 160.031-2 - Type and size.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Line-Throwing Appliance, Shoulder Gun Type (and Equipment) § 160.031-2 Type and size. (a) The shoulder gun type line-throwing appliance shall be breech-loading for the...

46 CFR 160.031-2 - Type and size.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Line-Throwing Appliance, Shoulder Gun Type (and Equipment) § 160.031-2 Type and size. (a) The shoulder gun type line-throwing appliance shall be breech-loading for the...

Perceptual load, voluntary attention, and aging: an event-related potential study

PubMed Central

Wang, Yan; Fu, Shimin; Greenwood, Pamela; Luo, Yuejia; Parasuraman, Raja

2012-01-01

The locus of attentional selection is known to vary with perceptual load (Lavie et al., 2004). Under voluntary attention, perceptual load modulates selective visual processing at an early cortical stage, as reflected in the posterior P1 and N1 components of the event-related potentials (ERPs). Adult aging also affects both behavioral and ERP signs of attentional selection. However, it is not known whether perceptual load modulates this relationship. Accordingly, in the present study ERPs were recorded in a voluntary attention task. Young and old participants were asked to discriminate the direction of a target line embedded within a display of four lines that appeared in the left or right visual field. Participants responded faster and more accurately to valid relative to invalid trials and to low-load relative to high-load condition. Older participants responded more slowly and with lower accuracy than young participants in all conditions. The amplitudes of the posterior contralateral P1 and N1 components in valid trials were larger than that in invalid trials in all conditions. N1 amplitude was larger under the high load condition than that in the low load condition. Moreover, in the high perceptual load condition, the old group had a larger N1 than the young group at contralateral sites. The findings suggest that under voluntary attention, perceptual load and aging modulates attentional selection at an early but not the earliest stage, during the N1 (120–200ms) time range. Increased N1 amplitude in older adults may reflect increased demands on target discrimination in high perceptual load. PMID:22248536

14. BUILDING NO. 445, PHYSICS LAB (FORMERLY GUN BAG LOADING), ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. BUILDING NO. 445, PHYSICS LAB (FORMERLY GUN BAG LOADING), LOOKING EAST AT SOUTHWEST END OF BUILDING. HVAC EQUIPMENT LOCATED OUTDOORS IN FOREGROUND. DUCTS CONDUCT HOT OR COLD AIR INDOORS. ROUND PIPES ARE INSULATED STEAM LINES. BUILDING NO. 448, ORDNANCE FACILITY, IN BACKGROUND. - Picatinny Arsenal, 400 Area, Gun Bag Loading District, State Route 15 near I-80, Dover, Morris County, NJ

46 CFR 45.39 - Marking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the diamond as described in figure 2. (d) The salt water load lines must be horizontal lines extending.... (a) The diamond, lines, and letters must be painted in white or yellow on a dark ground or in black... that passes through the center of the diamond must indicate summer freeboard assigned under § 45.53. (c...

Radio-frequency and microwave load comprising a carbon-bonded carbon fiber composite

DOEpatents

Lauf, R.J.; McMillan, A.D.; Johnson, A.C.; Everleigh, C.A.; Moorhead, A.J.

1998-04-21

A billet of low-density carbon-bonded carbon fiber (CBCF) composite is machined into a desired attenuator or load element shape (usually tapering). The CBCF composite is used as a free-standing load element or, preferably, brazed to the copper, brass or aluminum components of coaxial transmission lines or microwave waveguides. A novel braze method was developed for the brazing step. The resulting attenuator and/or load devices are robust, relatively inexpensive, more easily fabricated, and have improved performance over conventional graded-coating loads. 9 figs.

Radio-frequency and microwave load comprising a carbon-bonded carbon fiber composite

DOEpatents

Lauf, Robert J.; McMillan, April D.; Johnson, Arvid C.; Everleigh, Carl A.; Moorhead, Arthur J.

1998-01-01

A billet of low-density carbon-bonded carbon fiber (CBCF) composite is machined into a desired attenuator or load element shape (usually tapering). The CBCF composite is used as a free-standing load element or, preferably, brazed to the copper, brass or aluminum components of coaxial transmission lines or microwave waveguides. A novel braze method was developed for the brazing step. The resulting attenuator and/or load devices are robust, relatively inexpensive, more easily fabricated, and have improved performance over conventional graded-coating loads.

System and method to allow a synchronous motor to successfully synchronize with loads that have high inertia and/or high torque

DOEpatents

Melfi, Michael J.

2015-10-20

A mechanical soft-start type coupling is used as an interface between a line start, synchronous motor and a heavy load to enable the synchronous motor to bring the heavy load up to or near synchronous speed. The soft-start coupling effectively isolates the synchronous motor from the load for enough time to enable the synchronous motor to come up to full speed. The soft-start coupling then brings the load up to or near synchronous speed.

Loaded delay lines for future RF pulse compression systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jones, R.M.; Wilson, P.B.; Kroll, N.M.

1995-05-01

The peak power delivered by the klystrons in the NLCRA (Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator) now under construction at SLAC is enhanced by a factor of four in a SLED-II type of R.F. pulse compression system (pulse width compression ratio of six). To achieve the desired output pulse duration of 250 ns, a delay line constructed from a 36 m length of circular waveguide is used. Future colliders, however, will require even higher peak power and larger compression factors, which favors a more efficient binary pulse compression approach. Binary pulse compression, however, requires a line whose delay time is approximatelymore » proportional to the compression factor. To reduce the length of these lines to manageable proportions, periodically loaded delay lines are being analyzed using a generalized scattering matrix approach. One issue under study is the possibility of propagating two TE{sub o} modes, one with a high group velocity and one with a group velocity of the order 0.05c, for use in a single-line binary pulse compression system. Particular attention is paid to time domain pulse degradation and to Ohmic losses.« less

7 CFR 1724.51 - Design requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., galloping or conductor separation, design loads, structure strength limitations, insulator selection and design, guying requirements, and vibration considerations. For lines composed of steel or concrete poles, or steel towers, in which load information will be used to purchase the structures, the design data...

7 CFR 1724.51 - Design requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., galloping or conductor separation, design loads, structure strength limitations, insulator selection and design, guying requirements, and vibration considerations. For lines composed of steel or concrete poles, or steel towers, in which load information will be used to purchase the structures, the design data...

7 CFR 1724.51 - Design requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., galloping or conductor separation, design loads, structure strength limitations, insulator selection and design, guying requirements, and vibration considerations. For lines composed of steel or concrete poles, or steel towers, in which load information will be used to purchase the structures, the design data...

Development of an Advanced Grid-Connected PV-ECS System Considering Solar Energy Estimation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahman, Md. Habibur; Yamashiro, Susumu; Nakamura, Koichi

In this paper, the development and the performance of a viable distributed grid-connected power generation system of Photovoltaic-Energy Capacitor System (PV-ECS) considering solar energy estimation have been described. Instead of conventional battery Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC) are used as storage device and Photovoltaic (PV) panel to generate power from solar energy. The system can generate power by PV, store energy when the demand of load is low and finally supply the stored energy to load during the period of peak demand. To realize the load leveling function properly the system will also buy power from grid line when load demand is high. Since, the power taken from grid line depends on the PV output power, a procedure has been suggested to estimate the PV output power by calculating solar radiation. In order to set the optimum value of the buy power, a simulation program has also been developed. Performance of the system has been studied for different load patterns in different weather conditions by using the estimated PV output power with the help of the simulation program.

Influence of the conservative rotor loads on the near wake of a wind turbine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herráez, I.; Micallef, D.; van Kuik, G. A. M.

2017-05-01

The presence of conservative forces on rotor blades is neglected in the blade element theory and all the numerical methods derived from it (like e.g. the blade element momentum theory and the actuator line technique). This might seem a reasonable simplification of the real flow of rotor blades, since conservative loads, by definition, do not contribute to the power conversion. However, conservative loads originating from the chordwise bound vorticity might affect the tip vortex trajectory, as we discussed in a previous work. In that work we also hypothesized that this effect, in turn, could influence the wake induction and correspondingly the rotor performance. In the current work we extend a standard actuator line model in order to account for the conservative loads at the blade tip. This allows to isolate the influence of conservative forces from other effects. The comparison of numerical results with and without conservative loads enables to confirm qualitatively their relevance for the near wake and the rotor performance. However, an accurate quantitative assessment of the effect still remains out of reach due to the inherent uncertainty of the numerical model.

Monitoring of fatigue damage in composite lap-joints using guided waves and FBG sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karpenko, Oleksii; Khomenko, Anton; Koricho, Ermias; Haq, Mahmoodul; Udpa, Lalita

2016-02-01

Adhesive bonding is being increasingly employed in many applications as it offers possibility of light-weighting and efficient multi-material joining along with reduction in time and cost of manufacturing. However, failure initiation and progression in critical components like joints, specifically in fatigue loading is not well understood, which necessitates reliable NDE and SHM techniques to ensure structural integrity. In this work, concurrent guided wave (GW) and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor measurements were used to monitor fatigue damage in adhesively bonded composite lap-joints. In the present set-up, one FBG sensor was strategically embedded in the adhesive bond-line of a lap-joint, while two other FBGs were bonded on the surface of the adherends. Full spectral responses of FBG sensors were collected and compared at specific intervals of fatigue loading. In parallel, guided waves were actuated and sensed using PZT wafers mounted on the composite adherends. Experimental results demonstrated that time-of-flight (ToF) of the fundamental modes transmitted through the bond-line and spectral response of FBG sensors were sensitive to fatigue loading and damage. Combination of guided wave and FBG measurements provided the desired redundancy and synergy in the data to evaluate the degradation in bond-line properties. Measurements taken in the presence of continuously applied load replicated the in-situ/service conditions. The approach shows promise in understanding the behavior of bonded joints subjected to complex loading.

Study of a High Voltage Ion Engine Power Supply

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stuart, Thomas A.; King, Roger J.; Mayer, Eric

1996-01-01

A complete laboratory breadboard version of a ion engine power converter was built and tested. This prototype operated on a line voltage of 80-120 Vdc, and provided output ratings of 1100 V at 1.8 kW, and 250 V at 20 mA. The high-voltage (HV) output voltage rating was revised from the original value of 1350 V at the beginning of the project. The LV output was designed to hold up during a 1-A surge current lasting up to 1 second. The prototype power converter included a internal housekeeping power supply which also operated from the line input. The power consumed in housekeeping was included in the overall energy budget presented for the ion engine converter. HV and LV output voltage setpoints were commanded through potentiometers. The HV converter itself reached its highest power efficiency of slightly over 93% at low line and maximum output. This would dip below 90% at high line. The no-load (rated output voltages, zero load current) power consumption of the entire system was less than 13 W. A careful loss breakdown shows that converter losses are predominately Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) conduction losses and HV rectifier snubbing losses, with the rectifier snubbing losses becoming predominant at high line. This suggests that further improvements in power efficiency could best be obtained by either developing a rectifier that was adequately protected against voltage overshoot with less snubbing, or by developing a pre-regulator to reduced the range of line voltage on the converter. The transient testing showed the converter to be fully protected against load faults, including a direct short-circuit from the HV output to the LV output terminals. Two currents sensors were used: one to directly detect any core ratcheting on the output transformer and re-initiate a soft start, and the other to directly detect a load fault and quickly shut down the converter for load protection. The finished converter has been extensively fault tested without failure. The finished converter has been packaged suitable for use as a laboratory prototype for further testing. The finished converter is readily transportable. An article on design issues for high voltage converters for ion engines is included as an attachement.

A Structural Weight Estimation Program (SWEEP) for Aircraft. Volume 11 - Flexible Airloads Stand-Alone Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-06-01

stiffness, lb-in. I Integer used to designate wing strip number 2 I Airplanw pitching moment of inertia, slug ft 2 I Airplane yawing moment of inertia...slug ft J Integer used to designated wing-loading distribution, i.e., J-l, loading due to angle of attack J=2> loading due to flap deflection J-3...moment at intersection of load reference line and body interface station (for vertical tail), in.-lb Integer used to designate type of wing airload

Field Testing and Load Rating Report, Bridge S-4360, Camp Hovey, South Korea

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-07-01

different section properties than the original six beam-lines. Shear stud connectors were specified on the design plans, indicating the deck was to be...the roadway wearing surface, the railings, and the conduits suspended from the bridge. Since the shear capacities were dependent only on the steel...load and live-load at Section G_Standard MCap 808.7 kN-m Superimposed dead-load applied to composite model— wearing surface and railing DW 75.69 kN

99. LIQUID OXYGEN LINE AND SAMPLING VALVE FOR RAPIDLOAD ON ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

99. LIQUID OXYGEN LINE AND SAMPLING VALVE FOR RAPID-LOAD ON WEST SIDE OF SKID 9A - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 East, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

46 CFR 42.13-25 - Load line mark.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... inches in length and 1 inch in breadth, the upper edge of which passes through the center of the ring... freeboard measured vertically below the upper edge of the deck line (as illustrated in Figure 42.13-25(a...

Altered expression of CD1d molecules and lipid accumulation in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 after iron loading.

PubMed

Cabrita, Marisa; Pereira, Carlos F; Rodrigues, Pedro; Cardoso, Elsa M; Arosa, Fernando A

2005-01-01

Iron overload in the liver may occur in clinical conditions such as hemochromatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and may lead to the deterioration of the normal liver architecture by mechanisms not well understood. Although a relationship between the expression of ICAM-1, and classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, and iron overload has been reported, no relationship has been identified between iron overload and the expression of unconventional MHC class I molecules. Herein, we report that parameters of iron metabolism were regulated in a coordinated-fashion in a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2 cells) after iron loading, leading to increased cellular oxidative stress and growth retardation. Iron loading of HepG2 cells resulted in increased expression of Nor3.2-reactive CD1d molecules at the plasma membrane. Expression of classical MHC class I and II molecules, ICAM-1 and the epithelial CD8 ligand, gp180 was not significantly affected by iron. Considering that intracellular lipids regulate expression of CD1d at the cell surface, we examined parameters of lipid metabolism in iron-loaded HepG2 cells. Interestingly, increased expression of CD1d molecules by iron-loaded HepG2 cells was associated with increased phosphatidylserine expression in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and the presence of many intracellular lipid droplets. These data describe a new relationship between iron loading, lipid accumulation and altered expression of CD1d, an unconventional MHC class I molecule reported to monitor intracellular and plasma membrane lipid metabolism, in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2.

Osteonal effects on elastic modulus and fatigue life in equine bone.

PubMed

Gibson, V A; Stover, S M; Gibeling, J C; Hazelwood, S J; Martin, R B

2006-01-01

We hypothesized that recently formed, incompletely mineralized, and thus, relatively deformable osteons in the equine third metacarpus enhance in vitro load-controlled fatigue life in two ways. Macroscopically, there is a compliance effect, because reduced tissue elastic modulus diminishes the stress required to reach a given strain. Microscopically, there is a cement line effect, in which new osteons and their cement lines more effectively serve as barriers to crack propagation. We studied 18 4 x 10 x 100 mm beams from the medial, lateral, and dorsal cortices of metacarpal bones from 6 thoroughbred racehorses. Following load-controlled fatigue testing to fracture in 4 point bending, a transverse, 100 microm thick, basic fuchsin-stained cross-section was taken from the load-bearing region. The number and diameter of all intact (and thus recently formed/compliant) secondary osteons in a 3.8 x 3.8 mm region in the center of the section were determined. The associated area fraction and cement line length of intact osteons were calculated, and the relationships between these variables, elastic modulus (E), and the logarithm of fatigue life (logN(F)) were analyzed. As expected, logN(F) was negatively correlated with E, which was in turn negatively correlated with intact osteon area fraction and density. (LogN(F))/E increased in proportion to intact osteon density and nonlinearly with cement line density (mm/mm(2)). These results support the hypothesis that remodeling extends load-controlled fatigue life both through the creation of osteonal barriers to microdamage propagation and modulus reduction.

PRB rail loadings shatter record

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Buchsbaum, L.

Rail transport of coal in the Powder River Basin has expanded, with a record 2,197 trains loaded in a month. Arch Coal's Thunder basin mining complex has expanded by literally bridging the joint line railway. The dry fork mine has also celebrated its safety achievements. 4 photos.

Petawatt pulsed-power accelerator

DOEpatents

Stygar, William A.; Cuneo, Michael E.; Headley, Daniel I.; Ives, Harry C.; Ives, legal representative; Berry Cottrell; Leeper, Ramon J.; Mazarakis, Michael G.; Olson, Craig L.; Porter, John L.; Wagoner; Tim C.

2010-03-16

A petawatt pulsed-power accelerator can be driven by various types of electrical-pulse generators, including conventional Marx generators and linear-transformer drivers. The pulsed-power accelerator can be configured to drive an electrical load from one- or two-sides. Various types of loads can be driven; for example, the accelerator can be used to drive a high-current z-pinch load. When driven by slow-pulse generators (e.g., conventional Marx generators), the accelerator comprises an oil section comprising at least one pulse-generator level having a plurality of pulse generators; a water section comprising a pulse-forming circuit for each pulse generator and a level of monolithic triplate radial-transmission-line impedance transformers, that have variable impedance profiles, for each pulse-generator level; and a vacuum section comprising triplate magnetically insulated transmission lines that feed an electrical load. When driven by LTD generators or other fast-pulse generators, the need for the pulse-forming circuits in the water section can be eliminated.

Low inductance diode design of the Proto 2 accelerator for imploding plasma loads

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hsing, W. W.; Coats, R.; McDaniel, D. H.; Spielman, R. B.

A new water transmission line convolute, single piece insulator, and double accelerator. The water transmission lines have a 5 cm gap to eliminate any water arcing. A two-dimensional magnetic field code was used to calculate the convolute inductance. An acrylic insulator was used as well as a single piece, laminated polycarbonate insulator. They have been successfully tested at over 90% of the Shipman criteria for classical insulator breakdown, although the laminations in the polycarbonate insulator failed after a few shots. The anode and cathode each have two pieces and are held together mechanically. The vacuum MITL tapers to a 3 mm minimum gap. The total inductance is 8.4 nH for gas puff loads and 7.8 nH for imploding foil loads. Out of a forward-going energy of 290 kJ, 175 kJ has been delivered past the insulator, and 100 kJ has been successfully delivered to the load.

Radial current high power dummy load for characterizing the high power laser triggered transformer-type accelerator.

PubMed

Yin, Yi; Zhong, Hui-Huang; Liu, Jin-Liang; Ren, He-Ming; Yang, Jian-Hua; Zhang, Xiao-Ping; Hong, Zhi-qiang

2010-09-01

A radial-current aqueous resistive solution load was applied to characterize a laser triggered transformer-type accelerator. The current direction in the dummy load is radial and is different from the traditional load in the axial. Therefore, this type of dummy load has smaller inductance and fast response characteristic. The load was designed to accommodate both the resistance requirement of accelerator and to allow optical access for the laser. Theoretical and numerical calculations of the load's inductance and capacitance are given. The equivalent circuit of the dummy load is calculated in theory and analyzed with a PSPICE code. The simulation results agree well with the theoretical analysis. At last, experiments of the dummy load applied to the high power spiral pulse forming line were performed; a quasisquare pulse voltage is obtained at the dummy load.

Radial current high power dummy load for characterizing the high power laser triggered transformer-type accelerator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yin, Yi; Zhong, Hui-Huang; Liu, Jin-Liang; Ren, He-Ming; Yang, Jian-Hua; Zhang, Xiao-Ping; Hong, Zhi-qiang

2010-09-01

A radial-current aqueous resistive solution load was applied to characterize a laser triggered transformer-type accelerator. The current direction in the dummy load is radial and is different from the traditional load in the axial. Therefore, this type of dummy load has smaller inductance and fast response characteristic. The load was designed to accommodate both the resistance requirement of accelerator and to allow optical access for the laser. Theoretical and numerical calculations of the load's inductance and capacitance are given. The equivalent circuit of the dummy load is calculated in theory and analyzed with a PSPICE code. The simulation results agree well with the theoretical analysis. At last, experiments of the dummy load applied to the high power spiral pulse forming line were performed; a quasisquare pulse voltage is obtained at the dummy load.

A pilot study on objective quantification and anatomical modelling of in vivo head and neck positions commonly applied in training and competition of sport horses.

PubMed

Elgersma, A E; Wijnberg, I D; Sleutjens, J; van der Kolk, J H; van Weeren, P R; Back, W

2010-11-01

Head and neck positions (HNP) in sport horses are under debate in the equine community, as they could interfere with equine welfare. HNPs have not been quantified objectively and no information is available on their head and neck loading. To quantify in vivo HNPs in sport horses and develop o a model to estimate loading on the cervical vertebrae in these positions. Videos were taken of 7 Warmbloods at walk on a straight line in 5 positions, representing all HNPs during Warmblood training and competition. Markers were glued at 5 anatomical landmarks. Two-dimensional angles and distances were determined from video frames for the 5 HNPs and statistically compared (P < 0.05). A new simulation model was developed to estimate nuchal ligament cervical loading at these HNPs. The mean angles were significantly different between the 5 HNPs for the line between C1 and T6 with the horizontal and for the line connecting the facial crest (CF) and C1 with the vertical, while the vertical distance from CF to the lateral styloid process of the radius (PS) was significantly different between all 5 positions (P < 0.05). The estimated nuchal ligament loading appeared to be largest at the origin of C2 for all HNPs, except for the 'hyperextended' HNP5; the 'hyperflexed' HNP4 showed the largest loading values on the nuchal ligament origins at all locations. HNPs can be accurately quantified in the sagittal plane from angles and distances based on standard anatomical landmarks and home-video captured images. Nuchal ligament loading showed the largest estimated values at its origin on C2 in hyperflexion (HNP4). Modelling opens further perspectives to eventually estimate loading for individual horses and thus ergonomically optimise their HNP, which may improve the welfare of the sport horse during training and competition. © 2010 EVJ Ltd.

30 CFR 702.14 - Requirements for exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... (2) Coal is produced from a geological stratum lying above or immediately below the deepest stratum... time of use or transfer and shall be considered rather than revenue. (b) Persons seeking or that have...

Stress Analysis of Boom of Special Mobile Crane for Plain Region in Transmission Line

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qin, Jian; Shao, Tao; Chen, Jun; Wan, Jiancheng; Li, Zhonghuan; Jiang, Ming

2017-10-01

Basis of the boom force analysis of special mobile crane for plain region in transmission line, the load type of boom design is confirmed. According to the different combinations of boom sections, the composite pattern of the different boom length is obtained to suit the actual conditions of boom overlapping. The large deformation model is employed with FEM to simulate the stress distribution of boom, and the calculation results are checked. The performance curves of rated load with different arm length and different working range are obtained, which ensures the lifting capacity of special mobile crane meeting the requirement of tower erection of transmission line. The proposed FEM of boom of mobile crane would provide certain guiding and reference to the boom design.

SNG completes deepest underwater pipelay in Gulf of Mexico

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vogt, G.B.

1992-08-24

This paper reports that gas began flowing this spring in the deepest underwater, large-diameter pipeline in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Water depth along the route of the pipeline varies from approximately 460 ft at the Alabaster platform, increasing to the record depth of 1,220 ft in the Mississippi Canyon area, and decreasing to negligible water depth at the landfall site southwest of Venice. The SNG Mississippi Canyon Block 397 pipeline project exemplifies how a pipeline project can encounter an array of conditions which prompt special design considerations and installation techniques. Important considerations for this project were related to pipemore » properties, anti-corrosion and weight coatings, span and buckle considerations, and installation equipment. A team effort was used to study, research, test, design, and install this pipeline.« less

Evaluation of Potential Energy Loss Reduction and Savings for U. S. Army Electrical Distribution Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-09-01

Different Size Transformers (Per Transformer ) 41 15 Additional Energy Losses for Mis-Sized Transformers (Per Transformer ) 42 16 Power System ...directly affects the amount of neutral line power loss in the system . Since most Army three-phase loads are distribution transformers spread out over a...61 Balancing Three-Phase Loads Balancing Feeder Circuit Loads Power Factor Correction Optimal Transformer Sizing Conductor Sizing Combined

The Reusable Load Cell with Protection Applied for Online Monitoring of Overhead Transmission Lines Based on Fiber Bragg Grating

PubMed Central

Ma, Guoming; Mao, Naiqiang; Li, Yabo; Jiang, Jun; Zhou, Hongyang; Li, Chengrong

2016-01-01

Heavy ice coating of high–voltage overhead transmission lines may lead to conductor breakage and tower collapse causing the unexpected interrupt of power supply. The optical load cell applied in ice monitoring systems is immune to electromagnetic interference and has no need of a power supply on site. Therefore, it has become a hot research topic in China and other countries. In this paper, to solve the problem of eccentric load in measurement, we adopt the shearing structure with additional grooves to improve the strain distribution and acquire good repeatability. Then, the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with a permanent weldable package are mounted onto the front/rear groove of the elastic element by spot welding, the direction deviation of FBGs is 90° from each other to achieve temperature compensation without an extra FBG. After that, protection parts are designed to guarantee high sensitivity for a light load condition and industrial safety under a heavy load up to 65 kN. The results of tension experiments indicate that the sensitivity and resolution of the load cell is 0.1285 pm/N and 7.782 N in the conventional measuring range (0–10 kN). Heavy load tension experiments prove that the protection structure works and the sensitivity and resolution are not changed after several high load (65 kN) cycles. In addition, the experiment shows that the resolution of the sensor is 87.79 N in the large load range, allowing the parameter to be used in heavy icing monitoring. PMID:27338403

Experimental Investigation of two-phase nitrogen Cryo transfer line

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, G. K.; Nimavat, H.; Panchal, R.; Garg, A.; Srikanth, GLN; Patel, K.; Shah, P.; Tanna, V. L.; Pradhan, S.

2017-02-01

A 6-m long liquid nitrogen based cryo transfer line has been designed, developed and tested at IPR. The test objectives include the thermo-hydraulic characteristics of Cryo transfer line under single phase as well as two phase flow conditions. It is always easy in experimentation to investigate the thermo-hydraulic parameters in case of single phase flow of cryogen but it is real challenge when one deals with the two phase flow of cryogen due to availibity of mass flow measurements (direct) under two phase flow conditions. Established models have been reported in the literature where one of the well-known model of Lockhart-Martenelli relationship has been used to determine the value of quality at the outlet of Cryo transfer line. Under homogenous flow conditions, by taking the ratio of the single-phase pressure drop and the two-phase pressure drop, we estimated the quality at the outlet. Based on these equations, vapor quality at the outlet of the transfer line was predicted at different heat loads. Experimental rresults shown that from inlet to outlet, there is a considerable increment in the pressure drop and vapour quality of the outlet depending upon heat load and mass flow rate of nitrogen flowing through the line.

Multivariable Time Series Prediction for the Icing Process on Overhead Power Transmission Line

PubMed Central

Li, Peng; Zhao, Na; Zhou, Donghua; Cao, Min; Li, Jingjie; Shi, Xinling

2014-01-01

The design of monitoring and predictive alarm systems is necessary for successful overhead power transmission line icing. Given the characteristics of complexity, nonlinearity, and fitfulness in the line icing process, a model based on a multivariable time series is presented here to predict the icing load of a transmission line. In this model, the time effects of micrometeorology parameters for the icing process have been analyzed. The phase-space reconstruction theory and machine learning method were then applied to establish the prediction model, which fully utilized the history of multivariable time series data in local monitoring systems to represent the mapping relationship between icing load and micrometeorology factors. Relevant to the characteristic of fitfulness in line icing, the simulations were carried out during the same icing process or different process to test the model's prediction precision and robustness. According to the simulation results for the Tao-Luo-Xiong Transmission Line, this model demonstrates a good accuracy of prediction in different process, if the prediction length is less than two hours, and would be helpful for power grid departments when deciding to take action in advance to address potential icing disasters. PMID:25136653

The Virgo cD galaxy M87 and its environment as mapped by Planetary Nebulae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Longobardi, Alessia

2015-08-01

Cosmological simulations predict the evolution of galaxy halos in cluster environments. Because of their low surface brightness, 1% of the night sky or lower, it is difficult to measure their spatial distribution and line-of-sight motions of the associated stars. Planetary nebulas (PNs) are very good tracers of their parent stellar populations, and we can use them to investigate these extended halos as consequence of their relatively strong [OIII] emission line. We have used PNs to study the outer halo of M87, the BCG at the center of the Virgo cluster. From the deepest and most extended narrow band survey done with Supruime Cam on Subaru, we carry out the spectroscopic follow up with FLMES at the VLT of more than 300 emission line objects in the halo of M87 out to ~150 kpc in radius. We confirm 254 PNs associated with the M87 halo and 44 with the intracluster light in the Virgo core. We show that the galaxy halo overlaps with the Virgo intracluster light (ICL) at all distance. Halo and ICL are dynamically distinct components, have different density profiles and parent stellar populations. The latter result shows that the halo of M87 is redder and more metal rich than the ICL population. Because of the excellent spectra resolution of our data, we identify a chevron structure in the projected phase space and identify the substructure in light associated to this dynamical sub-component. This accretion event account for a third of the light of the halo at 90 kpc distance from the center. It shows that at these distances the M87 halo is significantly lumpy and still growing by accretion of satellites.

MHC class I loaded ligands from breast cancer cell lines: A potential HLA-I-typed antigen collection

PubMed Central

Rozanov, Dmitri V.; Rozanov, Nikita D.; Chiotti, Kami; Reddy, Ashok; Wilmarth, Phillip A.; David, Larry L.; Cha, Seung W.; Woo, Sunghee; Pevzner, Pavel; Bafna, Vineet; Burrows, Gregory G.; Rantala, Juha K.; Levin, Trevor; Anur, Pavana; Johnson-Camacho, Katie; Tabatabaei, Shaadi; Munson, Daniel J.; Bruno, Tullia C.; Slansky, Jill E.; Kappler, John W.; Hirano, Naoto; Boegel, Sebastian; Fox, Bernard A.; Egelston, Colt; Simons, Diana L.; Jimenez, Grecia; Lee, Peter P.; Gray, Joe W.; Spellman, Paul T.

2018-01-01

Breast cancer therapy based on amplifying a patient’s antitumor immune response depends on the availability of appropriate MHC class I-restricted, breast cancer-specific epitopes. To build a catalog of peptides presented by breast cancer cells, we undertook systematic MHC class I immunoprecipitation followed by elution of MHC class I-loaded peptides in breast cancer cell lines. We determined the sequence of 3,196 MHC class I-bound peptides representing 1,921 proteins from a panel of 20 breast cancer cell lines including basal, luminal, and claudin-low subtypes. The data has been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD006406. After removing duplicate peptides, i.e., the same peptide eluted from more than one cell line, the total number of unique peptides was 2,740. Of the unique peptides eluted, more than 1,750 had been previously identified, and of these, sixteen have been shown to be immunogenic. Importantly, only 3 of these immunogenic peptides have been identified in breast cancer cells in earlier studies. MHC class I binding probability of eluted peptides was used to plot the distribution of MHC class I allele-specific peptides in accordance with the binding score for each breast cancer cell line. We also determined that the tested breast cancer cells presented 89 mutation-containing peptides and peptides derived from aberrantly translated genes, 7 of which were shared between four or two different cell lines. Overall, the high throughput identification of MHC class I-loaded peptides is an effective strategy for systematic characterization of cancer peptides, and could be employed for design of multi-peptide anticancer vaccines. PMID:29331515

Characterization of Inductive loop coupling in a Cyclotron Dee Structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carroll, Lewis

Many of today's low to medium-energy cyclotrons apply RF power to the resonator structure (the dees) by inductive loop coupling through a feed-line driven by an RF transmitter employing a triode or tetrode power tube. The transmitter's output network transforms the tube's optimum load line (typically a few thousand ohms) down to Z0, typically 50 ohms. But the load-line is not a physical resistance, so one would not expect to see 50 ohms when looking back toward the transmitter. Moreover, if both the resonator's input and the transmitter's output are matched to Z0, then the coupled or working Q of the resonator is reduced to half that of the uncoupled Q, implying that half the power is being dissipated in the transmitter's output resistance- an inefficient and expensive solution for a high power RF application. More power is available if the transmitter's reverse-impedance is not matched to Z0, but this may result in misalignment between the frequency for correct forward match at the loop, versus the frequency for maximum power in the resonator. The misalignment can be eliminated, and the working Q maximized, by choosing the appropriate length of feed-line between the non-matched transmitter output and the matched resonator's input. In addition, the transmitter's output impedance may be complex, comprising resistance plus reactance, requiring a further process and means of measuring the output impedance so that an additional compensating length of feed-line can be incorporated. But a wrong choice of overall feed-line length- even though correctly load-matched at the resonator's operating frequency- can result in a curious degenerate condition, where the resonator's working Q appears to collapse, and the potential for transmitter overload increases substantially: a condition to be avoided!

Time-dependent constitutive modeling of drive belts—II. The effect of the shape of material retardation spectrum on the strain accumulation process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zupančič, B.; Emri, I.

2009-11-01

This is the second paper in the series addressing the constitutive modeling of dynamically loaded elastomeric products such as power transmission belts. During the normal operation of such belts certain segments of the belt structure are loaded via tooth-like cyclical loading. When the time-dependent properties of the elastomeric material “match” the time-scale of the dynamic loading a strain accumulation (incrementation) process occurs. It was shown that the location of a critical rotation speed strongly depends on the distribution (shape) of the retardation spectrum, whereas the magnitude of the accumulated strain is governed by the strength of the corresponding spectrum lines. These interrelations are extremely non-linear. The strain accumulation process is most intensive at the beginning of the drive belt operation, and is less intensive for longer belts. The strain accumulation process is governed by the spectrum lines that are positioned within a certain region, which we call the Strain Accumulation Window (SAW). An SAW is always located to the right of the spectrum line, L i , at log ( ω λ i )=0, where ω is the operational angular velocity. The width of the SAW depends on the width of the material spectrum. Based on the following analysis a new designing criterion is proposed for use in engineering applications for selecting a proper material for general drive-belt operations.

Evaluation of load flow and grid expansion in a unit-commitment and expansion optimization model SciGRID International Conference on Power Grid Modelling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Senkpiel, Charlotte; Biener, Wolfgang; Shammugam, Shivenes; Längle, Sven

2018-02-01

Energy system models serve as a basis for long term system planning. Joint optimization of electricity generating technologies, storage systems and the electricity grid leads to lower total system cost compared to an approach in which the grid expansion follows a given technology portfolio and their distribution. Modelers often face the problem of finding a good tradeoff between computational time and the level of detail that can be modeled. This paper analyses the differences between a transport model and a DC load flow model to evaluate the validity of using a simple but faster transport model within the system optimization model in terms of system reliability. The main findings in this paper are that a higher regional resolution of a system leads to better results compared to an approach in which regions are clustered as more overloads can be detected. An aggregation of lines between two model regions compared to a line sharp representation has little influence on grid expansion within a system optimizer. In a DC load flow model overloads can be detected in a line sharp case, which is therefore preferred. Overall the regions that need to reinforce the grid are identified within the system optimizer. Finally the paper recommends the usage of a load-flow model to test the validity of the model results.

A displacement pump procedure to load extracts for automated gel permeation chromatography.

PubMed

Daft, J; Hopper, M; Hensley, D; Sisk, R

1990-01-01

Automated gel permeation chromatography (GPC) effectively separates lipids from pesticides in sample extracts that contain fat. Using a large syringe to load sample extracts manually onto GPC models having 5 mL holding loops is awkward, slow, and potentially hazardous. Loading with a small-volume displacement pump, however, is convenient and fast (ca 1 loop every 20 s). And more importantly, the analyst is not exposed to toxic organic vapors because the loading pump and its connecting lines do not leak in the way that a syringe does.

77 FR 62133 - Fire Prevention Week, 2012

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-12

... develop and practice a fire escape plan that includes at least two ways out of every room. To learn more... day, America's firefighters are heroes in every sense. This week, we express our deepest gratitude for...

Hubble Frontier Field Abell 2744

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-01-07

This long-exposure image from NASA Hubble Space Telescope of massive galaxy cluster Abell 2744 is the deepest ever made of any cluster of galaxies. Shown in the foreground is Abell 2744, located in the constellation Sculptor.

29 CFR 1926.552 - Material hoists, personnel hoists, and elevators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... engineer competent in the field. (2) Rated load capacities, recommended operating speeds, and special..., scrubbing, flattening, or peening, causing loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the... station of the hoist. Such rules shall include signal system and allowable line speed for various loads...

29 CFR 1926.552 - Material hoists, personnel hoists, and elevators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... engineer competent in the field. (2) Rated load capacities, recommended operating speeds, and special..., scrubbing, flattening, or peening, causing loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the... station of the hoist. Such rules shall include signal system and allowable line speed for various loads...

29 CFR 1926.552 - Material hoists, personnel hoists, and elevators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... engineer competent in the field. (2) Rated load capacities, recommended operating speeds, and special..., scrubbing, flattening, or peening, causing loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the... station of the hoist. Such rules shall include signal system and allowable line speed for various loads...

29 CFR 1926.552 - Material hoists, personnel hoists, and elevators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... engineer competent in the field. (2) Rated load capacities, recommended operating speeds, and special..., scrubbing, flattening, or peening, causing loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the... station of the hoist. Such rules shall include signal system and allowable line speed for various loads...

29 CFR 1926.552 - Material hoists, personnel hoists, and elevators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... engineer competent in the field. (2) Rated load capacities, recommended operating speeds, and special..., scrubbing, flattening, or peening, causing loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the... station of the hoist. Such rules shall include signal system and allowable line speed for various loads...

46 CFR 151.50-79 - Methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... suction line. (c) The piping system, including the cargo refrigeration system, for tanks to be loaded with methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture must be completely separate from piping and refrigeration systems for other tanks. If the piping system for the tanks to be loaded with methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture is...

46 CFR 151.50-79 - Methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... suction line. (c) The piping system, including the cargo refrigeration system, for tanks to be loaded with methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture must be completely separate from piping and refrigeration systems for other tanks. If the piping system for the tanks to be loaded with methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture is...

Longitudinal changes in ventral and dorsal neck muscle layers during loading against gravity in healthy volunteers using speckle tracking.

PubMed

Peolsson, Anneli; Peolsson, Michael

2014-05-01

This study aimed to describe and compare the longitudinal mechanical activity, deformation, and deformation rate of the different layers of dorsal and ventral neck muscles in healthy volunteers during head lifts against gravity. The cross-sectional study included 19 healthy volunteers (mean age, 28 years; SD, 7 years). Ultrasound with speckle-tracking analysis was used to investigate longitudinal mechanical activation, deformation, and deformation rate of dorsal and ventral neck muscles in real time during a head lift. Significance levels were set as P = .025 or P = .0125, depending on the number of comparisons. The dorsal neck muscles did not significantly differ in deformation (P > .04); however, the multifidus had a higher deformation rate than all other dorsal muscles (P < .003). The sternocleidomastoid had significantly higher deformation than the longus capitis (P = .005) and colli (P = .001) but a lower deformation rate than the longus colli (P = .02). The sternocleidomastoid deformed more than the deeper muscles, but it did significantly slower than the longus colli. Among the dorsal muscles, the deepest (the multifidus) had the highest deformation rate. Copyright © 2014 National University of Health Sciences. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Ice shelf melt rates in Greenland and Antarctica using time-tagged digital imagery from World View and TanDEM-X

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Charolais, A.; Rignot, E. J.; Milillo, P.; Scheuchl, B.; Mouginot, J.

2017-12-01

The floating extensions of glaciers, or ice shelves, melt vigorously in contact with ocean waters. Melt is non uniform, with the highest melt taking place in the deepest part of the cavity, where thermal forcing is the greatest because of 1) the pressure dependence of the freezing point of the seawater/ice mixture and 2) subglacial water injects fresh, buoyant, cold melt water to fuel stronger ice-ocean interactions. Melt also forms along preferential channels, which are not stationary, and create lines of weakness in the shelf. Ice shelf melt rates have been successfully measured from space over the entire Antarctic continent and on the ice shelves in Greenland using an Eulerian approach that combines ice thickness, ice velocity vectors, surface mass balance data, and measurements of ice thinning rates. The Eulerian approach is limited by the precision of the thickness gradients, typically of a few km, and requires significant spatial averaging to remove advection effects. A Lagrangian approach has been shown to be robust to advection effects and provides higher resolution details. We implemented a Lagrangian methodology for time-tagged World View DEMs by the Polar Geoscience Center (PGS) at the University of Minnesota and time-tagged TanDEM-X DEMs separated by one year. We derive melt rates on a 300-m grid with a precision of a few m/yr. Melt is strongest along grounding lines and along preferred channels. Channels are non-stationary because melt is not the same on opposite sides of the channels. Examining time series of data and comparing with the time-dependent grounding line positions inferred from satellite radar interferometry, we evaluate the magnitude of melt near the grounding line and even within the grounding zone. A non-zero melt rate in the grounding zone has vast implications for ice sheet modeling. This work is funded by a grant from NASA Cryosphere Program.

Estimating flexural rigidity and load magnitude required for formation of Ross Island flexure moat

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jha, S.; Harry, D. L.; Wenman, C. P.

2017-12-01

Lithospheric flexural subsidence around Ross Island in West Antarctica led to formation of the Ross Island flexure moat. This subsidence was caused by two major volcanic phases on Ross Island. The first phase saw the first surficial expression of Ross Island and volcanism at Mt. Bird to the north of Ross Island, which lasted from 5.2 - 2.9 Ma. The second phase lasted from 1.78 Ma to present and is comprised of eruptions from Mt. Terror to the east, Mt. Erebus to the west and Hut Point Peninsula (HPP) to the south of Ross Island. Flexural subsidence of the lithosphere due to volcanism on Ross Island led to formation of a sedimentary moat around the island, which is preserved in stratigraphy imaged on seismic reflection profiles. We identified 5 unconformities (from deepest upward Ri, RMU1, RMU2, RMU3, RMU4) in the seismic surveys which correspond to flexural subsidence episodes around Ross Island since early Pliocene. Ri (4.4 Ma) lies near the bottom of the flexural moat and RMU4 near the seafloor and top of the moat fill. These unconformities were used to make isopach maps to constrain flexure modeling of the area. Isopach maps show circular or semi-circular flexure basins around Ross Island which is approximated using a continuous plate, point load flexure model. We used Ri - sea floor isopach to constrain flexure models for 5 profiles centered on 4 volcanic centers and trending radially out of Ross Island. Flexure models along two profiles beginning on Mt. Bird and one profile off HPP show a flexural rigidity range of 1.47 - 6.44 x 1018 Nm with load center of mass on Mt. Bird and on HPP, respectively. A similar model along a profile initiating on Mt. Terror, passing through Mt Erebus and extending west of Ross Island across the moat, yielded a higher flexural rigidity estimate of 2.03 x 1019 Nm with load centered at Mt. Erebus. A flexure model to the north east of Ross Island along a profile beginning at Mt Terror and trending north, provide the highest flexural rigidity estimate of 6.9 x 1019 Nm. The load magnitudes determined from these flexure models lie in the range of 4.6 x 1015 N - 4.3 x 1016 N. This is less than the topographic load (6.9 x 1017 N estimated from BEDMAP2) produced by the island by one to two orders of magnitude. The difference in load magnitudes suggest anomalously low densities caused by high lower crust and mantle temperatures in the region.

Overload protection for switching regulators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lachochi, E.

1980-01-01

Circuit protects all output lines of switching regulator against overloads without requiring current sensors on every line. If overload is sensed, device short circuits bias on switching transistor so that power is rapidly cut off from loads. Circuit also includes delay network to inhibit erroneous operation during startup.

Evaluation of a Concrete Continuous Beam Bridge Using Load Test

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xiedong; Li, Hong; Li, Xiaofan; Xiang, Musheng; Shen, Chengwu

2007-03-01

Load test is an efficient way to evaluate highway bridges. This paper presents static and dynamic load tests on a prestressed concrete continuous beam bridge. We obtained the influence line and the vibration property of the bridge from FEM analysis. The stress, deformation and the vibration characteristics of the bridge were measured. We found that the measured data are consistent with those from the theoretical calculation, indicating good condition of the bridge.

Measurements of spatially resolved velocity variations in shock compressed heterogeneous materials using a line-imaging velocity interferometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trott, Wayne M.; Knudson, Marcus D.; Chhabildas, Lalit C.; Asay, James R.

2000-04-01

Relatively straightforward changes in the design of a conventional optically recording velocity interferometer system (ORVIS) can be used to produce a line-imaging instrument that allows adjustment of spatial resolution over a wide range. As a result, line-imaging ORVIS can be tailored to various specific applications involving dynamic deformation of heterogeneous materials as required by their characteristic length scales (ranging from a few μm for ferroelectric ceramics to a few mm for concrete). A line-imaging system has been successfully interfaced to a compressed gas gun driver and fielded on numerous tests in combination with simultaneous dual delay-leg, "push-pull" VISAR measurements. These tests include shock loading of glass-reinforced polyester composites, foam reverberation experiments (measurements at the free surface of a thin aluminum plate impacted by foam), and measurements of dispersive velocity in a shock-loaded explosive simulant (sugar). Results are presented that illustrate the capability for recording detailed spatially resolved material response.

The X-Ray Background and the AGN Luminosity Function

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasinger, G.

The deepest X-ray surveys performed with ROSAT were able to resolve as much as 70-80% of the 1-2 keV X-ray background into resolved sources. Optical follow-up observations were able to identify the majority of faint X-ray sources as active galactic nuclei (AGN) out to redshifts of 4.5 as well as a sizeable fraction as groups of galaxies out to redshifts of 0.7. A new population of X-ray luminous, optically innocent narrow emission line galaxies (NELGs) at the faintest X-ray fluxes is still a matter of debate, most likely many of them are also connected to AGN. First deep surveys with the Japanese ASCA satellite give us a glimpse of the harder X-ray background where the bulk of the energy density resides. Future X-ray observatories (XMM and AXAF) will be able to resolve the harder X-ray background. For the first time we are now in a position to study the cosmological evolution of the X-ray luminosity function of AGN, groups of galaxies and galaxies and simultaneously constrain their total luminosity output over cosmic time.

Marine Litter Distribution and Density in European Seas, from the Shelves to Deep Basins

PubMed Central

Pham, Christopher K.; Ramirez-Llodra, Eva; Alt, Claudia H. S.; Amaro, Teresa; Bergmann, Melanie; Canals, Miquel; Company, Joan B.; Davies, Jaime; Duineveld, Gerard; Galgani, François; Howell, Kerry L.; Huvenne, Veerle A. I.; Isidro, Eduardo; Jones, Daniel O. B.; Lastras, Galderic; Morato, Telmo; Gomes-Pereira, José Nuno; Purser, Autun; Stewart, Heather; Tojeira, Inês; Tubau, Xavier; Van Rooij, David; Tyler, Paul A.

2014-01-01

Anthropogenic litter is present in all marine habitats, from beaches to the most remote points in the oceans. On the seafloor, marine litter, particularly plastic, can accumulate in high densities with deleterious consequences for its inhabitants. Yet, because of the high cost involved with sampling the seafloor, no large-scale assessment of distribution patterns was available to date. Here, we present data on litter distribution and density collected during 588 video and trawl surveys across 32 sites in European waters. We found litter to be present in the deepest areas and at locations as remote from land as the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The highest litter density occurs in submarine canyons, whilst the lowest density can be found on continental shelves and on ocean ridges. Plastic was the most prevalent litter item found on the seafloor. Litter from fishing activities (derelict fishing lines and nets) was particularly common on seamounts, banks, mounds and ocean ridges. Our results highlight the extent of the problem and the need for action to prevent increasing accumulation of litter in marine environments. PMID:24788771

A Search for z>6.5 Lyman-alpha Emitting Galaxies with WISP

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bagley, Micaela B.; Scarlata, Claudia; Dai, Yu Sophia; Rafelski, Marc; Baronchelli, Ivano; Colbert, James W.; Dominguez, Alberto; Hathi, Nimish P.; Henry, Alaina L.; Malkan, Matthew Arnold; Martin, Crystal L.; Mehta, Vihang; Pahl, Anthony; Ross, Nathaniel; Rutkowski, Michael J.; Teplitz, Harry I.; WISP Team

2016-01-01

The observed number density of Lyman-alpha emitting galaxies at z>6 provides an important probe of the reionization history of the universe. Because Lyman-alpha photons are very sensitive to the presence of neutral hydrogen, the evolution of the galaxy number density above redshift 6 can be used as a measurement on the progress of reionization. However, the Lyman-alpha luminosity function is currently poorly constrained at high-z. We present the results of a systematic search for Lyman-alpha emitters (LAEs) at redshifts of ~6.5 to 7.5 using the HST WFC3 Infrared Spectroscopic Parallels (WISP) survey. WISP's uncorrelated fields are well-suited to the study of bright LAEs, minimizing the effects of clustering introduced by a patchy reionization. From the 30 deepest WISP fields, we compile a sample of single-line emitters, confirm redshifts with broadband colors, and identify LAE candidates that have "dropped out" (are undetected at the 1 sigma level) of the WFC3 UVIS filters. By combining our results with other z~7 studies, we determine whether the number density of LAEs evolves past z~6.5.

PNIPAAm-MAA nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for curcumin against MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

PubMed

Zeighamian, Vahideh; Darabi, Masoud; Akbarzadeh, Abolfazl; Rahmati-Yamchi, Mohammad; Zarghami, Nosratollah; Badrzadeh, Fariba; Salehi, Roya; Mirakabad, Fatemeh Sadat Tabatabaei; Taheri-Anganeh, Mortaza

2016-01-01

Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer among women throughout the world. Natural compounds such as curcumin hold promise to treat a variety of cancers including breast cancer. However, curcumin's therapeutic application is limited, due to its rapid degradation and poor aqueous solubility. On the other hand, previous studies have stated that drug delivery using nanoparticles might improve the therapeutic response to anticancer drugs. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) (PNIPAAm-MAA) is one of the hydrogel copolymers utilized in the drug delivery system for cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the cytotoxic potential of curcumin encapsulated within the NIPAAm-MAA nanoparticle, on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. In this work, polymeric nanoparticles were synthesized through the free radical mechanism, and curcumin was encapsulated into NIPAAm-MAA nanoparticles. Then, the cytotoxic effect of curcumin-loaded NIPAAm-MAA on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was measured by MTT assays. The evaluation of the results showed that curcumin-loaded NIPAAm-MAA has more cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 cell line and efficiently inhibited the growth of the breast cancer cell population, compared with free curcumin. In conclusion, this study indicates that curcumin-loaded NIPAAm-MAA suppresses the growth of the MCF-7 cell line. Overall, it is concluded that encapsulating curcumin into the NIPAAm-MAA copolymer could open up new avenues for breast cancer treatment.

Building a Subduction Zone Observatory

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gomberg, Joan S.; Bodin, Paul; Bourgeois, Jody; Cashman, Susan; Cowan, Darrel; Creager, Kenneth C.; Crowell, Brendan; Duvall, Alison; Frankel, Arthur; González, Frank I.; Houston, Heidi; Johnson, Paul; Kelsey, Harvey; Miller, Una; Roland, Emily C.; Schmidt, David; Staisch, Lydia; Vidale, John; Wilcock, William; Wirth, Erin

2016-01-01

Subduction zones contain many of Earth’s most remarkable geologic structures, from the deepest oceanic trenches to glacier-covered mountains and steaming volcanoes. These environments formed through spectacular events: Nature’s largest earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions are born here.

Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny

PubMed Central

Semino, Ornella; Santachiara-Benerecetti, A. Silvana; Falaschi, Francesco; Cavalli-Sforza, L. Luca; Underhill, Peter A.

2002-01-01

The genetic structure of 126 Ethiopian and 139 Senegalese Y chromosomes was investigated by a hierarchical analysis of 30 diagnostic biallelic markers selected from the worldwide Y-chromosome genealogy. The present study reveals that (1) only the Ethiopians share with the Khoisan the deepest human Y-chromosome clades (the African-specific Groups I and II) but with a repertoire of very different haplotypes; (2) most of the Ethiopians and virtually all the Senegalese belong to Group III, whose precursor is believed to be involved in the first migration out of Africa; and (3) the Ethiopian Y chromosomes that fall into Groups VI, VIII, and IX may be explained by back migrations from Asia. The first observation confirms the ancestral affinity between the Ethiopians and the Khoisan, which has previously been suggested by both archaeological and genetic findings. PMID:11719903

Deepest Trenching at Phoenix Site on Mars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2008-01-01

NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander widened the deepest trench it has excavated, dubbed 'Stone Soup,' (in the lower half of this image) to collect a sample from about 18 centimeters (7 inches) below the surface for analysis by the lander's wet chemistry laboratory.

Phoenix's Surface Stereo Imager took this image on Sol 95 (Aug. 30, 2008), the 95th Martian day since landing. For scale, the rock to the right of the Stone Soup trench is about 15 centimeters (6 inches) across. The lander's robotic arm scooped up a sample from the left half of the trench for delivery the following sol to the wet chemistry laboratory.

The Phoenix Mission is led by the University of Arizona, Tucson, on behalf of NASA. Project management of the mission is by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Spacecraft development is by Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver.

Solar-wind proton access deep into the near-Moon wake

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nishino, M. N.; Fujimoto, M.; Maezawa, K.; Saito, Y.; Yokota, S.; Asamura, K.; Tanaka, T.; Tsunakawa, H.; Matsushima, M.; Takahashi, F.; Terasawa, T.; Shibuya, H.; Shimizu, H.

2009-08-01

We study solar wind (SW) entry deep into the near-Moon wake using SELENE (KAGUYA) data. It has been known that SW protons flowing around the Moon access the central region of the distant lunar wake, while their intrusion deep into the near-Moon wake has never been expected. We show that SW protons sneak into the deepest lunar wake (anti-subsolar region at ˜100 km altitude), and that the entry yields strong asymmetry of the near-Moon wake environment. Particle trajectory calculations demonstrate that these SW protons are once scattered at the lunar dayside surface, picked-up by the SW motional electric field, and finally sneak into the deepest wake. Our results mean that the SW protons scattered at the lunar dayside surface and coming into the night side region are crucial for plasma environment in the wake, suggesting absorption of ambient SW electrons into the wake to maintain quasi-neutrality.

Search for ancient microorganisms in Lake Baikal

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hunter-Cevera, Jennie C.; Repin, Vladimir E.; Torok, Tamas

Lake Baikal in Russia, the world's oldest and deepest continental lake lies in south central Siberia, near the border to Mongolia. The lake is 1,643 m deep and has an area of about 46,000 km2. It holds one-fifth of all the terrestrial fresh water on Earth. Lake Baikal occupies the deepest portion of the Baikal Rift Zone. It was formed some 30-45 million years ago. The isolated Lake Baikal ecosystem represents a unique niche in nature based on its historical formation. The microbial diversity present in this environment has not yet been fully harvested or examined for products and processesmore » of commercial interest and value. Thus, the collection of water, soil, and sub-bottom sediment samples was decided to characterize the microbial diversity of the isolated strains and to screen the isolates for their biotechnological value.« less

Sustainable HIV Treatment in Africa through Viral Load-Informed Differentiated Care

PubMed Central

Phillips, Andrew; Shroufi, Amir; Vojnov, Lara; Cohn, Jennifer; Roberts, Teri; Ellman, Tom; Bonner, Kimberly; Rousseau, Christine; Garnett, Geoff; Cambiano, Valentina; Nakagawa, Fumiyo; Ford, Deborah; Bansi-Matharu, Loveleen; Miners, Alec; Lundgren, Jens; Eaton, Jeff; Parkes-Ratanshi, Rosalind; Katz, Zachary; Maman, David; Ford, Nathan; Vitoria, Marco; Doherty, Meg; Dowdy, David; Nichols, Brooke; Murtagh, Maurine; Wareham, Meghan; Palamountain, Kara; Musanhu, Christine Chiedza; Stevens, Wendy; Katzenstein, David; Ciaranello, Andrea; Barnabas, Ruanne; Braithwaite, Scott; Bendavid, Eran; Nathoo, Kusum J; van de Vijver, David; Wilson, David; Holmes, Charles; Bershteyn, Anna; Walker, Simon; Raizes, Elliot; Jani, Ilesh; Nelson, Lisa; Peeling, Rosanna; Terris-Prestholt, Fern; Murungu, Joseph; Mutasa-Apollo, Tsitsi; Hallett, Timothy; Revill, Paul

2016-01-01

There are inefficiencies in current approaches to monitoring patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. Patients typically attend clinics every 1–3 months for clinical assessment, with clinic costs being comparable with costs of drugs themselves, CD4 counts are measured every 6 months, yet patients are rarely switched to second-line therapies. To ensure sustainability of treatment programmes a transition to more cost-effective ART deliver is needed. In contrast to the CD4 count, measurement of the level of HIV RNA in plasma (“viral load”) provides a direct measure of current treatment effect. Viral load informed differentiated care is a means of tailoring care whereby those with suppressed viral load have less frequent clinical visits and attention is paid to those with unsuppressed viral load to promote adherence and timely switching to a second-line regimen. The most feasible approach in many countries to measure viral load is by collecting dried blood spot (DBS) samples for testing in regional laboratories, although there have been concerns over the sensitivity/specificity of DBS to define treatment failure and the delay in receiving results. We use modelling to synthesize available evidence and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of viral load-informed differentiated care, account for limitations of DBS. We find that viral load-informed differentiated care using DBS is expected to be cost-effective and is recommended as the strategy for patient monitoring, although further empirical evidence as the approach is rolled out would be of value. We also explore the potential benefits of future availability of point-of-care (POC) viral load tests. PMID:26633768

In vitro cytotoxicity analysis of doxorubicin-loaded/superparamagnetic iron oxide colloidal nanoassemblies on MCF7 and NIH3T3 cell lines

PubMed Central

Tomankova, Katerina; Polakova, Katerina; Pizova, Klara; Binder, Svatopluk; Havrdova, Marketa; Kolarova, Mary; Kriegova, Eva; Zapletalova, Jana; Malina, Lukas; Horakova, Jana; Malohlava, Jakub; Kolokithas-Ntoukas, Argiris; Bakandritsos, Aristides; Kolarova, Hana; Zboril, Radek

2015-01-01

One of the promising strategies for improvement of cancer treatment is based on magnetic drug delivery systems, thus avoiding side effects of standard chemotherapies. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles have ideal properties to become a targeted magnetic drug delivery contrast probes, named theranostics. We worked with SPIO condensed colloidal nanocrystal clusters (MagAlg) prepared through a new soft biomineralization route in the presence of alginate as the polymeric shell and loaded with doxorubicin (DOX). The aim of this work was to study the in vitro cytotoxicity of these new MagAlg–DOX systems on mouse fibroblast and breast carcinoma cell lines. For proper analysis and understanding of cell behavior after administration of MagAlg–DOX compared with free DOX, a complex set of in vitro tests, including production of reactive oxygen species, comet assay, cell cycle determination, gene expression, and cellular uptake, were utilized. It was found that the cytotoxic effect of MagAlg–DOX system is delayed compared to free DOX in both cell lines. This was attributed to the different mechanism of internalization of DOX and MagAlg–DOX into the cells, together with the fact that the drug is strongly bound on the drug nanocarriers. We discovered that nanoparticles can attenuate or even inhibit the effect of DOX, particularly in the tumor MCF7 cell line. This is a first comprehensive study on the cytotoxic effect of DOX-loaded SPIO compared with free DOX on healthy and cancer cell lines, as well as on the induced changes in gene expression. PMID:25673990

Sustainable HIV treatment in Africa through viral-load-informed differentiated care.

PubMed

Phillips, Andrew; Shroufi, Amir; Vojnov, Lara; Cohn, Jennifer; Roberts, Teri; Ellman, Tom; Bonner, Kimberly; Rousseau, Christine; Garnett, Geoff; Cambiano, Valentina; Nakagawa, Fumiyo; Ford, Deborah; Bansi-Matharu, Loveleen; Miners, Alec; Lundgren, Jens D; Eaton, Jeffrey W; Parkes-Ratanshi, Rosalind; Katz, Zachary; Maman, David; Ford, Nathan; Vitoria, Marco; Doherty, Meg; Dowdy, David; Nichols, Brooke; Murtagh, Maurine; Wareham, Meghan; Palamountain, Kara M; Chakanyuka Musanhu, Christine; Stevens, Wendy; Katzenstein, David; Ciaranello, Andrea; Barnabas, Ruanne; Braithwaite, R Scott; Bendavid, Eran; Nathoo, Kusum J; van de Vijver, David; Wilson, David P; Holmes, Charles; Bershteyn, Anna; Walker, Simon; Raizes, Elliot; Jani, Ilesh; Nelson, Lisa J; Peeling, Rosanna; Terris-Prestholt, Fern; Murungu, Joseph; Mutasa-Apollo, Tsitsi; Hallett, Timothy B; Revill, Paul

2015-12-03

There are inefficiencies in current approaches to monitoring patients on antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa. Patients typically attend clinics every 1 to 3 months for clinical assessment. The clinic costs are comparable with the costs of the drugs themselves and CD4 counts are measured every 6 months, but patients are rarely switched to second-line therapies. To ensure sustainability of treatment programmes, a transition to more cost-effective delivery of antiretroviral therapy is needed. In contrast to the CD4 count, measurement of the level of HIV RNA in plasma (the viral load) provides a direct measure of the current treatment effect. Viral-load-informed differentiated care is a means of tailoring care so that those with suppressed viral load visit the clinic less frequently and attention is focussed on those with unsuppressed viral load to promote adherence and timely switching to a second-line regimen. The most feasible approach to measuring viral load in many countries is to collect dried blood spot samples for testing in regional laboratories; however, there have been concerns over the sensitivity and specificity of this approach to define treatment failure and the delay in returning results to the clinic. We use modelling to synthesize evidence and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of viral-load-informed differentiated care, accounting for limitations of dried blood sample testing. We find that viral-load-informed differentiated care using dried blood sample testing is cost-effective and is a recommended strategy for patient monitoring, although further empirical evidence as the approach is rolled out would be of value. We also explore the potential benefits of point-of-care viral load tests that may become available in the future.

Shunt regulation electric power system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wright, W. H.; Bless, J. J. (Inventor)

1971-01-01

A regulated electric power system having load and return bus lines is described. A plurality of solar cells interconnected in a power supplying relationship and having a power shunt tap point electrically spaced from the bus lines is provided. A power dissipator is connected to the shunt tap point and provides for a controllable dissipation of excess energy supplied by the solar cells. A dissipation driver is coupled to the power dissipator and controls its conductance and dissipation and is also connected to the solar cells in a power taping relationship to derive operating power therefrom. An error signal generator is coupled to the load bus and to a reference signal generator to provide an error output signal which is representative of the difference between the electric parameters existing at the load bus and the reference signal generator. An error amplifier is coupled to the error signal generator and the dissipation driver to provide the driver with controlling signals.

Nonplanar wing load-line and slender wing theory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Deyoung, J.

1977-01-01

Nonplanar load line, slender wing, elliptic wing, and infinite aspect ratio limit loading theories are developed. These are quasi two dimensional theories but satisfy wing boundary conditions at all points along the nonplanar spanwise extent of the wing. These methods are applicable for generalized configurations such as the laterally nonplanar wing, multiple nonplanar wings, or wing with multiple winglets of arbitrary shape. Two dimensional theory infers simplicity which is practical when analyzing complicated configurations. The lateral spanwise distribution of angle of attack can be that due to winglet or control surface deflection, wing twist, or induced angles due to multiwings, multiwinglets, ground, walls, jet or fuselage. In quasi two dimensional theory the induced angles due to these extra conditions are likewise determined for two dimensional flow. Equations are developed for the normal to surface induced velocity due to a nonplanar trailing vorticity distribution. Application examples are made using these methods.

Aerial gamma ray and magnetic survey, Powder River II Project: the Newcastle and Gillette Quadrangles of Wyoming and South Dakota; the Ekalaka Quadrangle of Montana, South and North Dakota. Volume I. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1979-04-01

During the months of August through September 1978, geoMetrics, Inc. flew approximately 9000 line miles of high sensitivity airborne radiometric and magnetic data in eastern Wyoming and southern Montana over three 1/sup 0/ x 2/sup 0/ NTMS quadrangle (Newcastle, Gillette, and Ekalaka) as part of the Department of Energy's National Uranium Resource Evaluation program. All radiometric and magnetic data were fully reduced and interpreted by geoMetrics, and are presented as four volumes (one Volume I and three Volume II's) in this report. The survey area lies entirely within the northern Great Plains Physiographic Province. The deep Powder River Basin andmore » the Black Hills Uplift are the two dominant structures in the area. Both structures strike NNW approximately parallel to each other with the Powder River Basin to the west of the Uplift. The Basin is one of the largest and deepest in the northern Great Plains and contains over 17,000 feet of Phanerozoic sediments at its deepest point. Economic deposits of oil, coal, bentonite and uranium are found in the Tertiary and/or Cretaceous rocks of the Basin. Gold, silver, lead, copper, manganese, rare-earth elements and uranium have been mined in the Uplift. Epigenetic uranium deposits lie primarily in the Monument Hills - Box Creek and Pumpkin Buttes - Turnercrest districts within arkosic sandstones of the Paleocene Fort Union Formation. A total of 368 groups of statistical values in the uranium window meet the criteria for valid anomalies and are discussed in the interpretation sections (83 in Newcastle, 109 in Gillette, and 126 in Ekalaka). Most anomalies lie in the Tertiary sediments of the Powder River Basin, but only a few are clearly related to known uranium mines or prospects. Magnetic data generally delineate the deep Powder River Basin relative to the Black Hills Uplift. Higher frequency anomalies appear related to producing oil fields and mapped sedimentary structures.« less

Spontaneous formation of nanostructures inside inkjet-printed colloidal drops

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Xin; Thorne, Nathaniel; Sun, Ying

2013-11-01

Nanostructures formed in inkjet-printed colloidal drops are systematically examined with different substrates and ink formulations. Various deposition patterns from multi-ring, radial spoke, firework to spider web, foam and island structures are observed. With a high particle loading, deposition transitions from multi-ring near the drop edge to spider web and finally to foam and islands in the center of the drop with 20 nm sulfate-modified polystyrene particles. At the same particle loading, 200 nm particles self-assemble into radial spokes at the drop edge and islands in the center, due to reduced contact line pinning resulted from less particles. In drops with a low particle concentration, due to fingering instability of the contact line, 20 nm particles form radial spokes enclosed by a ring, while 200 nm particles assemble into firework-like structures without a ring. Moreover, at a high particle loading, ruptures are observed on the multi-ring structure formed by 20 nm carboxylic-modified particles, due to stronger capillary forces from the contact line. Furthermore, for a drop printed on a less hydrophilic substrate, the interparticle interactions enable a more uniform deposition rather than complex nanostructures.

Creep behavior and in-depth microstructural characterization of dissimilar joints

PubMed Central

Kauffmann, F; Klein, T; Klenk, A; Maile, K

2013-01-01

The 700 °C power plants currently under development will utilize Ni-base alloys such as alloy 617 for components to be operated at temperatures >650 °C. Due to economic reasons for components or parts of components which are subjected to temperatures <650 °C, 2% Cr or 9–12% Cr steels is used, depending on the required mechanical properties. This makes the dissimilar joining of Ni-base alloys and Cr steels a necessity in these plants. Experimental investigations show that these joints have to be identified as weak points with regard to damage development under creep and creep-fatigue loading. The present investigation focuses on welds between the alloy 617 and 2% Cr steel. Under creep load the fracture occurs near the fusion line between the 2% Cr steel base metal and alloy 617 weld metal. To explain the reasons for this fracture location, the microstructure of this fusion line was investigated using TEM and FIB techniques after welding and after creep loading. The TEM investigations have shown a small zone in the weld metal near the fusion line exhibiting chromium depletion and clearly reduced amounts of chromium carbides, leading to a weakening of this zone. PMID:27877551

49 CFR 178.345-9 - Pumps, piping, hoses and connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... there will be no leakage when connected. (d) Suitable provision must be made to allow for and prevent... any load applied by loading/unloading or charging lines connected to the cargo tank cannot cause damage resulting in loss of lading from the cargo tank. (h) Use of a nonmetallic pipe, valve or...

Evaluation and field load testing of timber railroad bridge

Treesearch

Terry J. Wipf; Michael A. Ritter; Douglas L. Wood

2000-01-01

Several spans of a 60-year-old open-deck timber railroad bridge on the Southern Pacific Railroad Line (now the Union Pacific) in Southwest Texas were field tested. The tests were conducted with the sponsorship and cooperation of the Association of American Railroads to determine the vertical live load distribution characteristics of the...

76 FR 66220 - Automatic Underfrequency Load Shedding and Load Shedding Plans Reliability Standards

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-26

..., EPRI Power Systems Dynamics Tutorial, Chapter 4 at page 4-78 (2009), available at http://www.epri.com.... Power systems consist of static components (e.g., transformers and transmission lines) and dynamic... decisions on simulations, both static and dynamic, using area power system models to meet requirements in...

CYANOBACTERIA PASSAGE THROUGH DRINKING WATER FILTERS DURING PERTURBATION EPISODES AS A FUNCTION OF CELL MORPHOLOGY, COAGULANT AND INITIAL FILTER LOADING RATE

EPA Science Inventory

Eight pilot-scale in-line filtration trials were performed to evaluate the passage of cyanobacterial cells through drinking water filters after sudden increases in hydraulic loading rates. Trials were performed at 30 degrees C using two coagulant combinations (aluminum sulfate a...

29 CFR 1926.905 - Loading of explosives or blasting agents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... have contained explosives or blasting agents. (g) No explosives or blasting agents shall be left... no drilling within 50 feet of the hole. (l) When loading a long line of holes with more than one... be left unattended or unprotected. (t) The blaster shall keep an accurate, up-to-date record of...

29 CFR 1926.905 - Loading of explosives or blasting agents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... have contained explosives or blasting agents. (g) No explosives or blasting agents shall be left... no drilling within 50 feet of the hole. (l) When loading a long line of holes with more than one... be left unattended or unprotected. (t) The blaster shall keep an accurate, up-to-date record of...

29 CFR 1926.905 - Loading of explosives or blasting agents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... have contained explosives or blasting agents. (g) No explosives or blasting agents shall be left... no drilling within 50 feet of the hole. (l) When loading a long line of holes with more than one... be left unattended or unprotected. (t) The blaster shall keep an accurate, up-to-date record of...

29 CFR 1926.905 - Loading of explosives or blasting agents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... have contained explosives or blasting agents. (g) No explosives or blasting agents shall be left... no drilling within 50 feet of the hole. (l) When loading a long line of holes with more than one... be left unattended or unprotected. (t) The blaster shall keep an accurate, up-to-date record of...

Reliability assessment of an OVH HV power line truss transmission tower subjected to seismic loading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winkelmann, Karol; Jakubowska, Patrycja; Soltysik, Barbara

2017-03-01

The study focuses on the reliability of a transmission tower OS24 ON150 + 10, an element of an OVH HV power line, under seismic loading. In order to describe the seismic force, the real-life recording of the horizontal component of the El Centro earthquake was adopted. The amplitude and the period of this excitation are assumed random, their variation is described by Weibull distribution. The possible space state of the phenomenon is given in the form of a structural response surface (RSM methodology), approximated by an ANOVA table with directional sampling (DS) points. Four design limit states are considered: stress limit criterion for a natural load combination, criterion for an accidental combination (one-sided cable snap), vertical and horizontal translation criteria. According to these cases the HLRF reliability index β is used for structural safety assessment. The RSM approach is well suited for the analysis - it is numerically efficient, not excessively time consuming, indicating a high confidence level. Given the problem conditions, the seismic excitation is shown the sufficient trigger to the loss of load-bearing capacity or stability of the tower.

Kinetics of transfemoral amputees with osseointegrated fixation performing common activities of daily living.

PubMed

Lee, Winson C C; Frossard, Laurent A; Hagberg, Kerstin; Haggstrom, Eva; Brånemark, Rickard; Evans, John H; Pearcy, Mark J

2007-07-01

Direct anchorage of a lower-limb prosthesis to the bone through an implanted fixation (osseointegration) has been suggested as an excellent alternative for amputees experiencing complications from use of a conventional socket-type prosthesis. However, an attempt needs to be made to optimize the mechanical design of the fixation and refine the rehabilitation program. Understanding the load applied on the fixation is a crucial step towards this goal. The load applied on the osseointegrated fixation of nine transfemoral amputees was measured using a load transducer, when the amputees performed activities which included straight-line level walking, ascending and descending stairs and a ramp as well as walking around a circle. Force and moment patterns along each gait cycle, magnitudes and time of occurrence of the local extrema of the load, as well as impulses were analysed. Managing a ramp and stairs, and walking around a circle did not produce a significant increase (P>0.05) in load compared to straight-line level walking. The patterns of the moment about the medio-lateral axis were different among the six activities which may reflect the different strategies used in controlling the prosthetic knee joint. This study increases the understanding of biomechanics of bone-anchored osseointegrated prostheses. The loading data provided will be useful in designing the osseointegrated fixation to increase the fatigue life and to refine the rehabilitation protocol.

A Deep Narrowband Imaging Search for C IV and He II Emission from Lyα Blobs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arrigoni Battaia, Fabrizio; Yang, Yujin; Hennawi, Joseph F.; Prochaska, J. Xavier; Matsuda, Yuichi; Yamada, Toru; Hayashino, Tomoki

2015-05-01

We conduct a deep narrowband imaging survey of 13 Lyα blobs (LABs) located in the SSA22 proto-cluster at z ˜ 3.1 in the C iv and He ii emission lines in an effort to constrain the physical process powering the Lyα emission in LABs. Our observations probe down to unprecedented surface brightness (SB) limits of (2.1-3.4) × 10-18 erg s-1 cm-2 arcsec-2 per 1 arcsec2 aperture (5σ) for the He ii λ1640 and C iv λ1549 lines, respectively. We do not detect extended He ii and C iv emission in any of the LABs, placing strong upper limits on the He ii/Lyα and C iv/Lyα line ratios, of 0.11 and 0.16, for the brightest two LABs in the field. We conduct detailed photoionization modeling of the expected line ratios and find that, although our data constitute the deepest ever observations of these lines, they are still not deep enough to rule out a scenario where the Lyα emission is powered by the ionizing radiation from an obscured active galactic nucleus. Our models can accommodate He ii/Lyα and C iv/Lyα ratios as low as ≃0.05 and ≃0.07, respectively, implying that one needs to reach SB as low as (1-1.5) × 10-18 erg s-1 cm-2 arcsec-2 (at 5σ) in order to rule out a photoionization scenario. These depths will be achievable with the new generation of image-slicing integral field units such as the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on VLT and the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI). We also model the expected He ii/Lyα and C iv/Lyα in a different scenario, where Lyα emission is powered by shocks generated in a large-scale superwind, but find that our observational constraints can only be met for shock velocities vs ≳ 250 km s-1, which appear to be in conflict with recent observations of quiescent kinematics in LABs. .

The Chandra Deepest Fields in the Infrared: Making the Connection between Normal Galaxies and AGN

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grogin, N. A.; Ferguson, H. C.; Dickinson, M. E.; Giavalisco, M.; Mobasher, B.; Padovani, P.; Williams, R. E.; Chary, R.; Gilli, R.; Heckman, T. M.; Stern, D.; Winge, C.

2001-12-01

Within each of the two Chandra Deepest Fields (CDFs), there are ~10'x15' regions targeted for non-proprietary, deep SIRTF 3.6--24μ m imaging as part of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) Legacy program. In advance of the SIRTF observations, the GOODS team has recently begun obtaining non-proprietary, deep ground-based optical and near-IR imaging and spectroscopy over these regions, which contain virtually all of the current ≈1 Msec CXO coverage in the CDF North and much of the ≈1 Msec coverage in the CDF South. In particular, the planned depth of the near-IR imaging (JAB ~ 25.3; HAB ~ 24.8; KAB ~ 24.4) combined with the deep Chandra data can allow us to trace the evolutionary connection between normal galaxies, starbursts, and AGN out to z ~ 1 and beyond. We describe our CDF Archival program, which is integrating these GOODS-supporting observations together with the CDF archival data and other publicly-available datasets in these regions to create a multi-wavelength deep imaging and spectroscpic database available to the entire community. We highlight progress toward near-term science goals of this program, including: (a) pushing constraints on the redshift distribution and spectral-energy distributions of the faintest X-ray sources to the deepest possible levels via photometric redshifts; and (b) better characterizing the heavily-obscured and the high-redshift populations via both a near-IR search for optically-undetected CDF X-ray sources and also X-ray stacking analyses on the CXO-undetected EROs in these fields.

Deep crustal structure between the Selkirk Crest, Idaho and the Whitefish Range, Montana from magnetotelluric imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bedrosian, P. A.; Box, S. E.; Pellerin, L.

2006-12-01

The Middle Proterozoic Belt Basin, spanning parts of Montana, Idaho, Washington, and British Columbia, is one of the deepest basins in North America. More than 18 km of fine-grained sedimentary strata were deposited rapidly between 1.5-1.4 Ga and split by rifting during late Proterozoic development of the North American passive margin. Basin strata were relatively undeformed until Mesozoic Cordilleran thrusting and early Eocene extension. Many outstanding questions require an understanding of deep basin structure, including the flexural load of the Basin, its role during Cordilleran deformation, and controls on ore-forming fluids that produced stratabound Cu-Ag deposits within the Basin. Long-period (deep-crustal) and broadband (shallow-crustal) magnetotelluric (MT) data were collected in 2005 along a 140 km transect within the central Belt Basin, with an average site spacing of 4 km. A portion of the transect is coincident with two deep-crustal seismic reflection profiles (COCORP lines MT-2 and ID-2). The data generally confirm the NW strike of the Sylvanite anticline and Purcell anticlinorium and the more northerly strike of the Libby Thrust Belt. A best-fit, two-dimensional (2D) resistivity model was generated from the MT data down to 50 km. The model is characterized by two subhorizontal, highly conductive horizons. A shallow horizon at 10-15 km depth begins 10 km west of the Whitefish Range front and continues to the west for 60 km to an abrupt end beneath the Sylvanite anticline. A deeper highly-conductive, concave-up layer occurs at 25-35 km depth from just west of southern Lake Koocanusa to an abrupt end about 20 km east of the Purcell trench. From that point west to the Selkirk Crest, the entire crust is very resistive. A crude resistivity stratigraphy is delineated: highly resistive (>104 Ømega m) middle and upper Belt Supergroup (above the Prichard Fm.), moderately conductive (30-1000 Ømega m) Prichard Fm. (to the present depth of exposure), a highly conductive (1-10 Ømega m) sub-Prichard layer (below the lowest Prichard unit mapped at the surface), and moderately to highly resistive (103-104 Ømega m) pre-Belt crystalline basement. The Eocene Purcell trench detachment fault can be traced dipping 25-30° east down to about 20 km depth, flattening along the base of the shallow conductive layer to its eastern end, fully 100 km east of the surface trace of the fault. Realignment of the eastern edges of the shallow and deep conductive layers produces a single west-dipping horizon and suggests about 35 km of Eocene top-to-the-east extension along the northern Purcell trench detachment fault. Reversal of that displacement reveals the crustal structure as it existed at the end of late Mesozoic Cordilleran thrusting. A major thrust decollement at 10-12 km, well-defined below the Sylvanite anticline, occurs below the deepest exposed Prichard units but above the shallow conductive layer. The shallow and deep conductive layers are suggested to be thrust repetitions of a single original layer separated by a thrust imbricate of Archean crystalline basement, 35 km wide and 5-8 km thick, centered below the Sylvanite anticline. The conductive layers are interpreted as sub-Prichard sedimentary strata with disseminated carbonaceous matter or sulfide grains interconnected by shearing. This interpretation is consistent with disseminated sulfides within the lowest exposed Prichard, and emphasizes the dramatic increase in conductivity effected by shearing. Total Cordilleran thrust shortening of 150-200 km is indicated.

33 CFR 222.3 - Clearances for power and communication lines over reservoirs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... communication lines over reservoirs. 222.3 Section 222.3 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS... Works responsibilities. (c) References. (1) ER 1180-1-1 (Section 73). (2) National Electrical Safety... including temperature, loading and length of spans as outlined in the National Electrical Safety Code. (3...

33 CFR 222.3 - Clearances for power and communication lines over reservoirs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... communication lines over reservoirs. 222.3 Section 222.3 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS... Works responsibilities. (c) References. (1) ER 1180-1-1 (Section 73). (2) National Electrical Safety... including temperature, loading and length of spans as outlined in the National Electrical Safety Code. (3...

33 CFR 222.3 - Clearances for power and communication lines over reservoirs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... communication lines over reservoirs. 222.3 Section 222.3 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS... Works responsibilities. (c) References. (1) ER 1180-1-1 (Section 73). (2) National Electrical Safety... including temperature, loading and length of spans as outlined in the National Electrical Safety Code. (3...

30 CFR 250.1205 - Site security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... site security? You must: (1) Protect Federal production against production loss or theft; (2) Post a... Regional Supervisor as soon as possible, but no later than the next business day after discovery: (i) Theft...) All valves on lines leaving a royalty or inventory storage tank, including load-out line valves, drain...

The Complexity of One-Step Equations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ngu, Bing

2014-01-01

An analysis of one-step equations from a cognitive load theory perspective uncovers variation within one-step equations. The complexity of one-step equations arises from the element interactivity across the operational and relational lines. The higher the number of operational and relational lines, the greater the complexity of the equations.…

40 CFR 86.1316-94 - Calibrations; frequency and overview.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... through 86.1324. (2) Calibrate the engine dynamometer flywheel torque and speed measurement transducers... torque feedback signal at steady-state conditions by comparing: (i) Shaft torque feedback to dynamometer beam load; or (ii) By comparing in-line torque to armature current; or (iii) By checking the in-line...

40 CFR 86.1316-94 - Calibrations; frequency and overview.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... through 86.1324. (2) Calibrate the engine dynamometer flywheel torque and speed measurement transducers... torque feedback signal at steady-state conditions by comparing: (i) Shaft torque feedback to dynamometer beam load; or (ii) By comparing in-line torque to armature current; or (iii) By checking the in-line...

40 CFR 86.1316-94 - Calibrations; frequency and overview.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... through 86.1324. (2) Calibrate the engine dynamometer flywheel torque and speed measurement transducers... torque feedback signal at steady-state conditions by comparing: (i) Shaft torque feedback to dynamometer beam load; or (ii) By comparing in-line torque to armature current; or (iii) By checking the in-line...

40 CFR 86.1316-94 - Calibrations; frequency and overview.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... through 86.1324. (2) Calibrate the engine dynamometer flywheel torque and speed measurement transducers... torque feedback signal at steady-state conditions by comparing: (i) Shaft torque feedback to dynamometer beam load; or (ii) By comparing in-line torque to armature current; or (iii) By checking the in-line...

Effect of solar loading on greenhouse containers used in transpiration efficiency screening

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Earlier we described a simple high throughput method of screening sorghum for transpiration efficiency (TE). Subsequently it was observed that while results were consistent between lines exhibiting high and low TE, ranking between lines with similar TE was variable. We hypothesized that variable mic...

Magnetic reconnection in Saturn's magnetotail: A comprehensive magnetic field survey.

PubMed

Smith, A W; Jackman, C M; Thomsen, M F

2016-04-01

Reconnection within planetary magnetotails is responsible for locally energizing particles and changing the magnetic topology. Its role in terms of global magnetospheric dynamics can involve changing the mass and flux content of the magnetosphere. We have identified reconnection related events in spacecraft magnetometer data recorded during Cassini's exploration of Saturn's magnetotail. The events are identified from deflections in the north-south component of the magnetic field, significant above a background level. Data were selected to provide full tail coverage, encompassing the dawn and dusk flanks as well as the deepest midnight orbits. Overall 2094 reconnection related events were identified, with an average rate of 5.0 events per day. The majority of events occur in clusters (within 3 h of other events). We examine changes in this rate in terms of local time and latitude coverage, taking seasonal effects into account. The observed reconnection rate peaks postmidnight with more infrequent but steady loss seen on the dusk flank. We estimate the mass loss from the event catalog and find it to be insufficient to balance the input from the moon Enceladus. Several reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. The reconnection X line location appears to be highly variable, though a statistical separation between events tailward and planetward of the X line is observed at a radial distance of between 20 and 30 R S downtail. The small sample size at dawn prevents comprehensive statistical comparison with the dusk flank observations in terms of flux closure.

Frequency Selective Properties of Coaxial Transmission Lines Loaded with Combined Artificial Inclusions

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

The properties of a modified coaxial transmission line by periodic inclusions will be discussed. The introduction of split ring resonators, conductor stubs, air gaps, and combination of these gives rise to new frequency selective properties, such as stopband or passband behavior, observable in planar as well as volumetric metamaterial structures. These results envisage new potential applications and implementation of devices in coaxial transmission line technology. PMID:24587748

Effect of Seepage on Change in Stress Distribution Scenario in Static and Seismic Behaviour of Earthen Dams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nandi, N.; Chowdhury, Roy; Dutta, S. C.

2018-02-01

The present study makes an effort to understand the damage of earthen dams under static and seismic loading condition. To make the investigation more realistic, behaviour of earthen dams considering the occurrence of a phreatic line indicating the submerged zone due to seepage within the dam body is considered. In case of earthen dams, homogeneous or nonhomogeneous, the consideration of the occurrence of a phreatic line or seepage line through the dam body is an important part of the earthen dam design methodology. The impervious material properties in the submerged zone below the phreatic line due to seepage may differ a lot in magnitudes as compared to the value of the same materials lying above this line. Hence, to have the exact stress distribution scenarios within the earthen dam, the different material properties above and below the phreatic line are considered in this present study. The study is first carried out by two-dimensional as well as three-dimensional finite element analysis under static loading condition. The work is further extended to observe the effect of seepage due to the consideration of the phreatic line on dynamic characteristics of earthen dams. Free vibration analysis and seismic analysis based on the Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC) method by considering twodimensional and three-dimensional modeling are carried out to present the frequencies, mode shapes and the stress distribution pattern of the earthen dam.

An all solid-state, rolled strip pulse forming line with low impedance and compact structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Shi; Zhong, Hui-Huang; Qian, Bao-Liang; Yang, Han-Wu

2010-04-01

An all solid-state and compact pulsed strip pulse forming line (PFL) is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The electromagnetic field distribution and the pulse formation in the strip PFL are analyzed numerically. Based on the theoretical analysis and numerical results, a rolled strip PFL with output voltage of 20 kV, pulse duration of 230 ns, and characteristic impedance of 0.5 Ω was designed and manufactured. We use the Mylar film and copper as the dielectric and conductor of the strip PFL. The dimension of the strip line is 23 000×400×1.6 mm3 in the case in which the strip line is unrolled, and the strip line is finally rolled into a cylinder of diameter of 311 mm for the experiment. The dimension and weight are about ten times smaller than those of traditional dielectric (oil or pure water) PFL with the same electrical parameters. Two experiments were performed using the strip line. One was for a transmission line experiment, and the other was for a PFL experiment. In the experiment of transmission line, the transmission time of the voltage signal was 115 ns, and the signal had almost no distortion, which verified the design. In the PFL experiment, results gave a 17.8 kV, 270 ns (full width at half maximum) voltage pulse which was a quasisquare wave on the water load of 0.5 Ω. The current going through the load is about 35.6 kA.

Use of photostress to analyze behavior of an aft skirt test specimen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gambrell, S. C., Jr.

1994-01-01

Strains at twenty-one selected points in the critical lower weld region of a aft skirt of a solid rocket booster of the shuttle were measured using photoelastic coatings and stress separator gages. Data were taken at loads of 5, 14, 20, 28, 42, 56, and 70 percent of the design limit load. Results indicate that general yielding occurred in the weld metal and for a short distance outside the fusion boundaries on either side of the weld metal. The fusion boundaries did not yield at the 70 percent load. Slight non-linearity in the load strain curves were observed at several points above the 20 percent load level. Maximum measured strains occurred at points in the forged metal of the holddown post along a line 0.50 inches from the centerline of the weld. Maximum shearing strains within the area covered by the photoelastic coating occurred at points approximately 0.33 inches to the right of the weld centerline near points 6 and 7 and lying along a yellow vertical line extending from just below point 6 to point 11. Photoelastic coatings were shown to be an excellent method to provide the whole field strain distribution in the region of the critical weld and to enhance the overall understanding of the behavior of the welded joint.

The impact of cognitive load on reward evaluation.

PubMed

Krigolson, Olave E; Hassall, Cameron D; Satel, Jason; Klein, Raymond M

2015-11-19

The neural systems that afford our ability to evaluate rewards and punishments are impacted by a variety of external factors. Here, we demonstrate that increased cognitive load reduces the functional efficacy of a reward processing system within the human medial-frontal cortex. In our paradigm, two groups of participants used performance feedback to estimate the exact duration of one second while electroencephalographic (EEG) data was recorded. Prior to performing the time estimation task, both groups were instructed to keep their eyes still and avoid blinking in line with well established EEG protocol. However, during performance of the time-estimation task, one of the two groups was provided with trial-to-trial-feedback about their performance on the time-estimation task and their eye movements to induce a higher level of cognitive load relative to participants in the other group who were solely provided with feedback about the accuracy of their temporal estimates. In line with previous work, we found that the higher level of cognitive load reduced the amplitude of the feedback-related negativity, a component of the human event-related brain potential associated with reward evaluation within the medial-frontal cortex. Importantly, our results provide further support that increased cognitive load reduces the functional efficacy of a neural system associated with reward processing. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Nanoceria-loaded injectable hydrogels for potential age-related macular degeneration treatment.

PubMed

Wang, Kai; Mitra, Rajendra Narayan; Zheng, Min; Han, Zongchao

2018-05-12

The major purpose of this article is to evaluate oligochitosan coated cerium oxide nanoparticles (OCCNPs) alginate laden injectable hydrogels and their potential treatment for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The water soluble OCCNPs were loaded within injectable hydrogels as antioxidative agents. The release of OCCNPs from hydrogel, radical scavenging properties, and biocompatibility were evaluated and calculated in vitro. The effects of OCCNP laden hydrogel downregulating expression of angiogenic proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines were quantified in human retinal pigment epithlium-19 (ARPE-19) and umbilical endothelium cell lines. The hydrogels behaved with moderate swelling and controllable degradation. The laden OCCNPs were released in a controlled manner in vitro during two months of testing. The OCCNP loaded hydrogels exhibited robust antioxidative properties in oxygen radical absorbance capacity tests and reduced apoptosis in H 2 O 2 -induced ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, OCCNP loaded injectable hydrogels are biocompatible and suppressed the LPS-induced inflammation response in ARPE-19 cells, and inhibited expression of vascular endothelium growth factor in human ARPE-19 and umbilical endothelium cell lines. The alginate-gelatin injectable hydrogel loaded OCCNPs are biocompatible and have high potential in protecting cells from apoptosis, angiogenesis, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in AMD cellular models. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Evolution of Large-Scale Magnetic Fields and State Transitions in Black Hole X-Ray Binaries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Ding-Xiong; Huang, Chang-Yin; Wang, Jiu-Zhou

2010-04-01

The state transitions of black hole (BH) X-ray binaries are discussed based on the evolution of large-scale magnetic fields, in which the combination of three energy mechanisms are involved: (1) the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) process related to the open field lines connecting a rotating BH with remote astrophysical loads, (2) the magnetic coupling (MC) process related to the closed field lines connecting the BH with its surrounding accretion disk, and (3) the Blandford-Payne (BP) process related to the open field lines connecting the disk with remote astrophysical loads. It turns out that each spectral state of the BH binaries corresponds to each configuration of magnetic field in BH magnetosphere, and the main characteristics of low/hard (LH) state, hard intermediate (HIM) state and steep power law (SPL) state are roughly fitted based on the evolution of large-scale magnetic fields associated with disk accretion.

On-Line Tracking Controller for Brushless DC Motor Drives Using Artificial Neural Networks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rubaai, Ahmed

1996-01-01

A real-time control architecture is developed for time-varying nonlinear brushless dc motors operating in a high performance drives environment. The developed control architecture possesses the capabilities of simultaneous on-line identification and control. The dynamics of the motor are modeled on-line and controlled using an artificial neural network, as the system runs. The control architecture combines the experience and dependability of adaptive tracking systems with potential and promise of the neural computing technology. The sensitivity of real-time controller to parametric changes that occur during training is investigated. Such changes are usually manifested by rapid changes in the load of the brushless motor drives. This sudden change in the external load is simulated for the sigmoidal and sinusoidal reference tracks. The ability of the neuro-controller to maintain reasonable tracking accuracy in the presence of external noise is also verified for a number of desired reference trajectories.

Characterization of Low Noise, Precision Voltage Reference REF5025-HT Under Extreme Temperatures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Patterson, Richard; Hammoud, Ahmad

2010-01-01

The performance of Texas Instruments precision voltage reference REF5025-HT was assessed under extreme temperatures. This low noise, 2.5 V output chip is suitable for use in high temperature down-hole drilling applications, but no data existed on its performance at cryogenic temperatures. The device was characterized in terms of output voltage and supply current at different input voltage levels as a function of temperature between +210 C and -190 C. Line and load regulation characteristics were also established at six load levels and at different temperatures. Restart capability at extreme temperatures and the effects of thermal cycling, covering the test temperature range, on its operation and stability were also investigated. Under no load condition, the voltage reference chip exhibited good stability in its output over the temperature range of -50 C to +200 C. Outside that temperature range, output voltage did change as temperature was changed. For example, at the extreme temperatures of +210 C and - 190 C, the output level dropped to 2.43 V and 2.32 V, respectively as compared to the nominal value of 2.5 V. At cryogenic test temperatures of -100 C and -150 C the output voltage dropped by about 20%. The quiescent supply current of the voltage reference varied slightly with temperature but remained close to its specified value. In terms of line regulation, the device exhibited excellent stability between -50 C and +150 C over the entire input voltage range and load levels. At the other test temperatures, however, while line regulation became poor at cryogenic temperatures of -100 C and below, it suffered slight degradation at the extreme high temperature but only at the high load level of 10 mA. The voltage reference also exhibited very good load regulation with temperature down to -100 C, but its output dropped sharply at +210 C only at the heavy load of 10 mA. The semiconductor chip was able restart at the extreme temperatures of -190 C and +210 C, and the limited thermal cycling did not influence its characteristics and had no impact on its packaging as no structural or physical damage was observed.

* Central Growth Factor Loaded Depots in Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds for Enhanced Cell Attraction.

PubMed

Quade, Mandy; Knaack, Sven; Akkineni, Ashwini Rahul; Gabrielyan, Anastasia; Lode, Anja; Rösen-Wolff, Angela; Gelinsky, Michael

2017-08-01

Tissue engineering, the application of stem and progenitor cells in combination with an engineered extracellular matrix, is a promising strategy for bone regeneration. However, its success is limited by the lack of vascularization after implantation. The concept of in situ tissue engineering envisages the recruitment of cells necessary for tissue regeneration from the host environment foregoing ex vivo cell seeding of the scaffold. In this study, we developed a novel scaffold system for enhanced cell attraction, which is based on biomimetic mineralized collagen scaffolds equipped with a central biopolymer depot loaded with chemotactic agents. In humid milieu, as after implantation, the signaling factors are expected to slowly diffuse out of the central depot forming a gradient that stimulates directed cell migration toward the scaffold center. Heparin, hyaluronic acid, and alginate have been shown to be capable of depot formation. By using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as model factor, it was demonstrated that the release kinetics can be adjusted by varying the depot composition. While alginate and hyaluronic acid are able to reduce the initial burst and prolong the release of VEGF, the addition of heparin led to a much stronger retention that resulted in an almost linear release over 28 days. The biological activity of released VEGF was proven for all variants using an endothelial cell proliferation assay. Furthermore, migration experiments with endothelial cells revealed a relationship between the degree of VEGF retention and migration distance: cells invaded deepest in scaffolds containing a heparin-based depot indicating that the formation of a steep gradient is crucial for cell attraction. In conclusion, this novel in situ tissue engineering approach, specifically designed to recruit and accommodate endogenous cells upon implantation, appeared highly promising to stimulate cell invasion, which in turn would promote vascularization and finally new bone formation.

Roughness characterization of the galling of metals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hubert, C.; Marteau, J.; Deltombe, R.; Chen, Y. M.; Bigerelle, M.

2014-09-01

Several kinds of tests exist to characterize the galling of metals, such as that specified in ASTM Standard G98. While the testing procedure is accurate and robust, the analysis of the specimen's surfaces (area=1.2 cm) for the determination of the critical pressure of galling remains subject to operator judgment. Based on the surface's topography analyses, we propose a methodology to express the probability of galling according to the macroscopic pressure load. After performing galling tests on 304L stainless steel, a two-step segmentation of the S q parameter (root mean square of surface amplitude) computed from local roughness maps (100 μ m× 100 μ m) enables us to distinguish two tribological processes. The first step represents the abrasive wear (erosion) and the second one the adhesive wear (galling). The total areas of both regions are highly relevant to quantify galling and erosion processes. Then, a one-parameter phenomenological model is proposed to objectively determine the evolution of non-galled relative area A e versus the pressure load P, with high accuracy ({{A}e}=100/(1+a{{P}2}) with a={{0.54}+/- 0.07}× {{10}-3} M P{{a}-2} and with {{R}2}=0.98). From this model, the critical pressure of galling is found to be equal to 43MPa. The {{S}5 V} roughness parameter (the five deepest valleys in the galled region's surface) is the most relevant roughness parameter for the quantification of damages in the ‘galling region’. The significant valleys’ depths increase from 10 μm-250 μm when the pressure increases from 11-350 MPa, according to a power law ({{S}5 V}=4.2{{P}0.75}, with {{R}2}=0.93).

3 CFR 8881 - Proclamation 8881 of October 5, 2012. Fire Prevention Week, 2012

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... and practice a fire escape plan that includes at least two ways out of every room. To learn more about..., America's firefighters are heroes in every sense. This week, we express our deepest gratitude for their...

Visit to the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory

ScienceCinema

None

2017-12-09

U.S. Department of Energy scientists and administrators join members of the National Science Foundation and South Dakotas Sanford Underground Laboratory for the deepest journey yet to the proposed site of the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL).

Visit to the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory

ScienceCinema

None

2018-05-16

U.S. Department of Energy scientists and administrators join members of the National Science Foundation and South Dakotas Sanford Underground Laboratory for the deepest journey yet to the proposed site of the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL).

40 CFR 86.1772-99 - Road load power, test weight, and inertia weight class determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... requirements shall also apply to this subpart: (1) For electric and hybrid electric vehicle lines where it is... VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) General Provisions for the Voluntary National Low Emission Vehicle Program for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty Trucks § 86.1772-99 Road load power, test weight, and inertia...

Energy management and cooperation in microgrids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahbar, Katayoun

Microgrids are key components of future smart power grids, which integrate distributed renewable energy generators to efficiently serve the load demand locally. However, random and intermittent characteristics of renewable energy generations may hinder the reliable operation of microgrids. This thesis is thus devoted to investigating new strategies for microgrids to optimally manage their energy consumption, energy storage system (ESS) and cooperation in real time to achieve the reliable and cost-effective operation. This thesis starts with a single microgrid system. The optimal energy scheduling and ESS management policy is derived to minimize the energy cost of the microgrid resulting from drawing conventional energy from the main grid under both the off-line and online setups, where the renewable energy generation/load demand are assumed to be non-causally known and causally known at the microgrid, respectively. The proposed online algorithm is designed based on the optimal off-line solution and works under arbitrary (even unknown) realizations of future renewable energy generation/load demand. Therefore, it is more practically applicable as compared to solutions based on conventional techniques such as dynamic programming and stochastic programming that require the prior knowledge of renewable energy generation and load demand realizations/distributions. Next, for a group of microgrids that cooperate in energy management, we study efficient methods for sharing energy among them for both fully and partially cooperative scenarios, where microgrids are of common interests and self-interested, respectively. For the fully cooperative energy management, the off-line optimization problem is first formulated and optimally solved, where a distributed algorithm is proposed to minimize the total (sum) energy cost of microgrids. Inspired by the results obtained from the off-line optimization, efficient online algorithms are proposed for the real-time energy management, which are of low complexity and work given arbitrary realizations of renewable energy generation/load demand. On the other hand, for self-interested microgrids, the partially cooperative energy management is formulated and a distributed algorithm is proposed to optimize the energy cooperation such that energy costs of individual microgrids reduce simultaneously over the case without energy cooperation while limited information is shared among the microgrids and the central controller.

Enhancement of Voltage Stability of DC Smart Grid During Islanded Mode by Load Shedding Scheme

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nassor, Thabit Salim; Senjyu, Tomonobu; Yona, Atsushi

2015-10-01

This paper presents the voltage stability of a DC smart grid based on renewable energy resources during grid connected and isolated modes. During the islanded mode the load shedding, based on the state of charge of the battery and distribution line voltage, was proposed for voltage stability and reservation of critical load power. The analyzed power system comprises a wind turbine, a photovoltaic generator, storage battery as controllable load, DC loads, and power converters. A fuzzy logic control strategy was applied for power consumption control of controllable loads and the grid-connected dual active bridge series resonant converters. The proposed DC Smart Grid operation has been verified by simulation using MATLAB® and PLECS® Blockset. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Tritium monitor and collection system

DOEpatents

Bourne, G.L.; Meikrantz, D.H.; Ely, W.E.; Tuggle, D.G.; Grafwallner, E.G.; Wickham, K.L.; Maltrud, H.R.; Baker, J.D.

1992-01-14

This system measures tritium on-line and collects tritium from a flowing inert gas stream. It separates the tritium from other non-hydrogen isotope contaminating gases, whether radioactive or not. The collecting portion of the system is constructed of various zirconium alloys called getters. These alloys adsorb tritium in any of its forms at one temperature and at a higher temperature release it as a gas. The system consists of four on-line getters and heaters, two ion chamber detectors, two collection getters, and two guard getters. When the incoming gas stream is valved through the on-line getters, 99.9% of it is adsorbed and the remainder continues to the guard getter where traces of tritium not collected earlier are adsorbed. The inert gas stream then exits the system to the decay chamber. Once the on-line getter has collected tritium for a predetermined time, it is valved off and the next on-line getter is valved on. Simultaneously, the first getter is heated and a pure helium purge is employed to carry the tritium from the getter. The tritium loaded gas stream is then routed through an ion chamber which measures the tritium activity. The ion chamber effluent passes through a collection getter that readsorbs the tritium and is removable from the system once it is loaded and is then replaced with a clean getter. Prior to removal of the collection getter, the system switches to a parallel collection getter. The effluent from the collection getter passes through a guard getter to remove traces of tritium prior to exiting the system. The tritium loaded collection getter, once removed, is analyzed by liquid scintillation techniques. The entire sequence is under computer control except for the removal and analysis of the collection getter. 7 figs.

Eggshell bacterial load is related to antimicrobial properties of feathers lining barn swallow nests.

PubMed

Peralta-Sánchez, Juan Manuel; Soler, Juan José; Martín-Platero, Antonio Manuel; Knight, Rob; Martínez-Bueno, Manuel; Møller, Anders Pape

2014-02-01

The use of feathers to line bird's nests has traditionally been interpreted as having a thermoregulatory function. Feather-degrading bacteria growing on feathers lining nests may have antimicrobial properties, which may provide an additional benefit to lining nests with feathers. We test the hypothesis that the production of antimicrobial substances by feather bacteria affects the microbiological environment of the nest, and therefore the bacterial density on eggshells and, indirectly, hatching success. These effects would be expected to differ between nests lined with pigmented and white feathers, because bacteria grow differently on feathers of different colors. We experimentally manipulated the composition of pigmented and unpigmented feathers in nests of the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) and studied the antimicrobial properties against the keratin-degrading bacterium Bacillus licheniformis of bacteria isolated from feathers of each color. Analyzed feathers were collected at the end of the incubation period, and antimicrobial activity was defined as the proportion of bacteria from the feathers that produce antibacterial substances effective against B. licheniformis. Our experimental manipulation affected antimicrobial activity, which was higher in nests with only white feathers at the beginning of incubation. Moreover, white feathers showed higher antimicrobial activity than black ones. Interestingly, antimicrobial activity in feathers of one of the colors correlated negatively with bacterial density on feather of the opposite color. Finally, antimicrobial activity of white feathers was negatively related to eggshell bacterial load. These results suggest that antimicrobial properties of feathers in general and of white feathers in particular affect the bacterial environment in nests. This environment in turn affects the bacterial load on eggshells, which may affect hatching success.

Investigation of imatinib loaded surface decorated biodegradable nanocarriers against glioblastoma cell lines: Intracellular uptake and cytotoxicity studies.

PubMed

Khan, Abrar M; Ahmad, Farhan Jalees; Panda, Amulya K; Talegaonkar, Sushama

2016-06-30

Overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter in glioma cells thwarts the build-up of therapeutic concentration of drugs usually resulting into poor therapeutic outcome. To surmount aforesaid challenge, Imatinib (IMM) loaded Poly-lactide-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (IMM-PLGA-NPs) were developed and optimized by Box Behnken Design as a new treatment stratagem in malignant glioma. Optimized NPs were functionalized with Pluronic(®) P84, P-gp inhibitor (IMM-PLGA-P84-NPs) which showed size, PDI, zeta potential, drug loading, 182.63±13.56nm, 0.196±0.021, -15.2±1.49mV, 40.63±2.04μg/mg, respectively. Intracellular uptake study conducted on A172, U251MG and C6 glioma cells demonstrated significantly high uptake of IMM through NPs when compared with IMM solution (IMM-S), p<0.001. IMM-PLGA-P84-NPs showed better uptake in P-gp expressing cell line (U251MG and C6) while uncoated NPs showed higher uptake in non-P-gp expressing cell line (A-172). Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated significantly low IC50 for both IMM-PLGA-NPs and IMM-PLGA-P84-NPs when compared with IC50 of IMM-S. IMM-PLGA-P84-NPs showed a significantly low IC50 against P-gp overexpressing cell lines when compared with IC50 of IMM-PLGA-NPs. In contrary, IMM-PLGA-NPs showed lower IC50 against non P-gp expressing cell line. This study demonstrated the feasibility of targeting surface decorated NPs to multidrug resistant gliomas. However, to address its clinical utility extensive in vivo studies are required. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

System for simultaneously loading program to master computer memory devices and corresponding slave computer memory devices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, William A. (Inventor)

1993-01-01

A bus programmable slave module card for use in a computer control system is disclosed which comprises a master computer and one or more slave computer modules interfacing by means of a bus. Each slave module includes its own microprocessor, memory, and control program for acting as a single loop controller. The slave card includes a plurality of memory means (S1, S2...) corresponding to a like plurality of memory devices (C1, C2...) in the master computer, for each slave memory means its own communication lines connectable through the bus with memory communication lines of an associated memory device in the master computer, and a one-way electronic door which is switchable to either a closed condition or a one-way open condition. With the door closed, communication lines between master computer memory (C1, C2...) and slave memory (S1, S2...) are blocked. In the one-way open condition invention, the memory communication lines or each slave memory means (S1, S2...) connect with the memory communication lines of its associated memory device (C1, C2...) in the master computer, and the memory devices (C1, C2...) of the master computer and slave card are electrically parallel such that information seen by the master's memory is also seen by the slave's memory. The slave card is also connectable to a switch for electronically removing the slave microprocessor from the system. With the master computer and the slave card in programming mode relationship, and the slave microprocessor electronically removed from the system, loading a program in the memory devices (C1, C2...) of the master accomplishes a parallel loading into the memory devices (S1, S2...) of the slave.

30 CFR 36.27 - Fuel-supply system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... tank by a chain or other fastening to prevent loss. (2) The fuel tank shall have a definite position in the equipment assembly, and no provision shall be made for attachment of separate or auxiliary fuel... continuously at full load for approximately four hours. (b) Fuel lines. All fuel lines shall be installed to...

30 CFR 36.27 - Fuel-supply system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... tank by a chain or other fastening to prevent loss. (2) The fuel tank shall have a definite position in the equipment assembly, and no provision shall be made for attachment of separate or auxiliary fuel... continuously at full load for approximately four hours. (b) Fuel lines. All fuel lines shall be installed to...

30 CFR 36.27 - Fuel-supply system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... tank by a chain or other fastening to prevent loss. (2) The fuel tank shall have a definite position in the equipment assembly, and no provision shall be made for attachment of separate or auxiliary fuel... continuously at full load for approximately four hours. (b) Fuel lines. All fuel lines shall be installed to...

30 CFR 36.27 - Fuel-supply system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... tank by a chain or other fastening to prevent loss. (2) The fuel tank shall have a definite position in the equipment assembly, and no provision shall be made for attachment of separate or auxiliary fuel... continuously at full load for approximately four hours. (b) Fuel lines. All fuel lines shall be installed to...

30 CFR 36.27 - Fuel-supply system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... tank by a chain or other fastening to prevent loss. (2) The fuel tank shall have a definite position in the equipment assembly, and no provision shall be made for attachment of separate or auxiliary fuel... continuously at full load for approximately four hours. (b) Fuel lines. All fuel lines shall be installed to...

Targeting the Neural Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-10-01

exogenous GDNF, implying they are the only PCa cell line that expresses GFRα1. Indeed, as seen in Fig 2A, by western blotting and ELISA for GDNF, all PCa...lysates with anti-GDNF antibody. Positive control is recombinant GDNF. Actin is a loading control. B. GDNF quantitation by ELISA of PCa cell line

Tribologic analyses of a self-mated aluminium contact used for overhead transmission lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Steier, V. Franco

2017-05-01

The lifetime of aluminium components is often limited to their poor wear resistance. One example for such aluminium applications are overhead transmission lines. The sore points of these lines are the segments where the aluminium conductors are fixed to the line supports. The fixation is commonly realized via aluminium suspension clamps. Here, a superposition of different loads like traction and bending stresses, clamping forces and different types of wear occurs. To investigate the wear behaviour in these peculiar points, tribologic model tests were carried out. Within the tests, overhead conductor wires and aluminium plates, extracted from suspension clamps were reciprocally slid against aluminium plates (cylinder-on-plate test). The COF and a wear related parameter were recorded constantly. Subsequently, the loaded surfaces were analysed using confocal laser and electron scanning microscopy as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The investigation detected the formation of an oxidized tribologic layer between both components. The tribolayer, which mayor part adhered on the suspension clamps, was mostly formed from material removed from the conductor wires.

Effectiveness of submerged drains in reducing subsidence of peat soils in agricultural use, and their effects on water management and nutrient loading of surface water: modelling of a case study in the western peat soil area of The Netherlands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hendriks, Rob F. A.; van den Akker, Jan J. A.

2017-04-01

Effectiveness of submerged drains in reducing subsidence of peat soils in agricultural use, and their effects on water management and nutrient loading of surface water: modelling of a case study in the western peat soil area of The Netherlands In the Netherlands, about 8% of the area is covered by peat soils. Most of these soils are in use for dairy farming and, consequently, are drained. Drainage causes decomposition of peat by oxidation and accordingly leads to surface subsidence and greenhouse gas emission. Submerged drains that enhance submerged infiltration of water from ditches during the dry and warm summer half year were, and are still, studied in The Netherlands as a promising tool for reducing peat decomposition by raising groundwater levels. For this purpose, several pilot field studies in the Western part of the Dutch peat area were conducted. Besides the effectiveness of submerged drains in reducing peat decomposition and subsidence by raising groundwater tables, some other relevant or expected effects of these drains were studied. Most important of these are water management and loading of surface water with nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphate. Because most of these parameters are not easy to assess and all of them are strongly depending on the meteorological conditions during the field studies some of these studies were modelled. The SWAP model was used for evaluating the hydrological results on groundwater table and water discharge and recharge. Effects of submerged drains were assessed by comparing the results of fields with and without drains. An empirical relation between deepest groundwater table and subsidence was used to convert effects on groundwater table to effects on subsidence. With the SWAP-ANIMO model nutrient loading of surface water was modelled on the basis of field results on nutrient concentrations . Calibrated models were used to assess effects in the present situation, as thirty-year averages, under extreme weather conditions and for two extreme climate scenarios of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. In this study the model results of one of the pilot studies are presented. The case study 'de Krimpenerwaard' is situated in the peat area in the "Green Heart" between the major cities of Amsterdam, The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht. Model results show a halving of soil subsidence, a strong increase of water recharge but a lower increase of water discharge, and generally small to moderate effects on nutrient loading , all depending (strongly) on meteorological conditions.

Load theory behind the wheel; perceptual and cognitive load effects.

PubMed

Murphy, Gillian; Greene, Ciara M

2017-09-01

Perceptual Load Theory has been proposed as a resolution to the longstanding early versus late selection debate in cognitive psychology. There is much evidence in support of Load Theory but very few applied studies, despite the potential for the model to shed light on everyday attention and distraction. Using a driving simulator, the effect of perceptual and cognitive load on drivers' visual search was assessed. The findings were largely in line with Load Theory, with reduced distractor processing under high perceptual load, but increased distractor processing under high cognitive load. The effect of load on driving behaviour was also analysed, with significant differences in driving behaviour under perceptual and cognitive load. In addition, the effect of perceptual load on drivers' levels of awareness was investigated. High perceptual load significantly increased inattentional blindness and deafness, for stimuli that were both relevant and irrelevant to driving. High perceptual load also increased RTs to hazards. The current study helps to advance Load Theory by illustrating its usefulness outside of traditional paradigms. There are also applied implications for driver safety and roadway design, as the current study suggests that perceptual and cognitive load are important factors in driver attention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Pulse shaping with transmission lines

DOEpatents

Wilcox, Russell B.

1987-01-01

A method and apparatus for forming shaped voltage pulses uses passive reflection from a transmission line with nonuniform impedance. The impedance of the reflecting line varies with length in accordance with the desired pulse shape. A high voltage input pulse is transmitted to the reflecting line. A reflected pulse is produced having the desired shape and is transmitted by pulse removal means to a load. Light activated photoconductive switches made of silicon can be utilized. The pulse shaper can be used to drive a Pockels cell to produce shaped optical pulses.

Pulse shaping with transmission lines

DOEpatents

Wilcox, R.B.

1985-08-15

A method and apparatus for forming shaped voltage pulses uses passive reflection from a transmission line with nonuniform impedance. The impedance of the reflecting line varies with length in accordance with the desired pulse shape. A high voltage input pulse is transmitted to the reflecting line. A reflected pulse is produced having the desired shape and is transmitted by pulse removal means to a load. Light activated photoconductive switches made of silicon can be utilized. The pulse shaper can be used to drive a Pockels cell to produce shaped optical pulses.

Reactive power compensator

DOEpatents

El-Sharkawi, Mohamed A.; Venkata, Subrahmanyam S.; Chen, Mingliang; Andexler, George; Huang, Tony

1992-01-01

A system and method for determining and providing reactive power compensation for an inductive load. A reactive power compensator (50,50') monitors the voltage and current flowing through each of three distribution lines (52a, 52b, 52c), which are supplying three-phase power to one or more inductive loads. Using signals indicative of the current on each of these lines when the voltage waveform on the line crosses zero, the reactive power compensator determines a reactive power compensator capacitance that must be connected to the lines to maintain a desired VAR level, power factor, or line voltage. Alternatively, an operator can manually select a specific capacitance for connection to each line, or the capacitance can be selected based on a time schedule. The reactive power compensator produces control signals, which are coupled through optical fibers (102/106) to a switch driver (110, 110') to select specific compensation capacitors (112) for connections to each line. The switch driver develops triggering signals that are supplied to a plurality of series-connected solid state switches (350), which control charge current in one direction in respect to ground for each compensation capacitor. During each cycle, current flows from ground to charge the capacitors as the voltage on the line begins to go negative from its positive peak value. The triggering signals are applied to gate the solid state switches into a conducting state when the potential on the lines and on the capacitors reaches a negative peak value, thereby minimizing both the potential difference and across the charge current through the switches when they begin to conduct. Any harmonic distortion on the potential and current carried by the lines is filtered out from the current and potential signals used by the reactive power compensator so that it does not affect the determination of the required reactive compensation.

Reactive Power Compensator.

DOEpatents

El-Sharkawi, M.A.; Venkata, S.S.; Chen, M.; Andexler, G.; Huang, T.

1992-07-28

A system and method for determining and providing reactive power compensation for an inductive load. A reactive power compensator (50,50') monitors the voltage and current flowing through each of three distribution lines (52a, 52b, 52c), which are supplying three-phase power to one or more inductive loads. Using signals indicative of the current on each of these lines when the voltage waveform on the line crosses zero, the reactive power compensator determines a reactive power compensator capacitance that must be connected to the lines to maintain a desired VAR level, power factor, or line voltage. Alternatively, an operator can manually select a specific capacitance for connection to each line, or the capacitance can be selected based on a time schedule. The reactive power compensator produces control signals, which are coupled through optical fibers (102/106) to a switch driver (110, 110') to select specific compensation capacitors (112) for connections to each line. The switch driver develops triggering signals that are supplied to a plurality of series-connected solid state switches (350), which control charge current in one direction in respect to ground for each compensation capacitor. During each cycle, current flows from ground to charge the capacitors as the voltage on the line begins to go negative from its positive peak value. The triggering signals are applied to gate the solid state switches into a conducting state when the potential on the lines and on the capacitors reaches a negative peak value, thereby minimizing both the potential difference and across the charge current through the switches when they begin to conduct. Any harmonic distortion on the potential and current carried by the lines is filtered out from the current and potential signals used by the reactive power compensator so that it does not affect the determination of the required reactive compensation. 26 figs.

Transfer of fuel assemblies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vuckovich, M.; Burkett, J. P.; Sallustio, J.

1984-12-11

Fuel assemblies of a nuclear reactor are transferred during fueling or refueling or the like by a crane. The work-engaging fixture of the crane picks up an assembly, removes it from this slot, transfers it to the deposit site and deposits it in its slot at the deposit site. The control for the crane includes a strain gauge connected to the crane line which raises and lowers the load. The strain gauge senses the load on the crane. The signal from the strain gauge is compared with setpoints; a high-level setpoint, a low-level setpoint and a slack-line setpoint. If themore » strain gauge signal exceeds the high-level setpoint, the line drive is disabled. This event may occur during raising of a fuel assembly which encounters resistance. The high-level setpoint may be overridden under proper precautions. The line drive is also disabled if the strain gauge signal is less than the low-level setpoint. This event occurs when a fuel assembly being deposited contacts the bottom of its slot or an obstruction in, or at the entry to the slot. To preclude lateral movement and possible damage to a fuel assembly suspended from the crane line, the traverse drive of the crane is disabled once the strain-gauge exceets the lov-level setpoint. The traverse drive can only be enabled after the strain-gauge signal is less than the slack-line set-point. This occurs when the lines has been set in slack-line setting. When the line is tensioned after slack-li ne setting, the traverse drive remains enabled only if the line has been disconnected from the fuel assembly.« less

Pulsed power accelerator for material physics experiments

DOE PAGES

Reisman, D.  B.; Stoltzfus, B.  S.; Stygar, W.  A.; ...

2015-09-01

We have developed the design of Thor: a pulsed power accelerator that delivers a precisely shaped current pulse with a peak value as high as 7 MA to a strip-line load. The peak magnetic pressure achieved within a 1-cm-wide load is as high as 100 GPa. Thor is powered by as many as 288 decoupled and transit-time isolated bricks. Each brick consists of a single switch and two capacitors connected electrically in series. The bricks can be individually triggered to achieve a high degree of current pulse tailoring. Because the accelerator is impedance matched throughout, capacitor energy is delivered tomore » the strip-line load with an efficiency as high as 50%. We used an iterative finite element method (FEM), circuit, and magnetohydrodynamic simulations to develop an optimized accelerator design. When powered by 96 bricks, Thor delivers as much as 4.1 MA to a load, and achieves peak magnetic pressures as high as 65 GPa. When powered by 288 bricks, Thor delivers as much as 6.9 MA to a load, and achieves magnetic pressures as high as 170 GPa. We have developed an algebraic calculational procedure that uses the single brick basis function to determine the brick-triggering sequence necessary to generate a highly tailored current pulse time history for shockless loading of samples. Thor will drive a wide variety of magnetically driven shockless ramp compression, shockless flyer plate, shock-ramp, equation of state, material strength, phase transition, and other advanced material physics experiments.« less

Farnesylthiosalicylic acid-loaded lipid-polyethylene glycol-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for treatment of glioblastoma.

PubMed

Kaffashi, Abbas; Lüle, Sevda; Bozdağ Pehlivan, Sibel; Sarısözen, Can; Vural, İmran; Koşucu, Hüsnü; Demir, Taner; Buğdaycı, Kadir Emre; Söylemezoğlu, Figen; Karlı Oğuz, Kader; Mut, Melike

2017-08-01

We aimed to develop lipid-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, which have high affinity to tumour tissue with active ingredient, a new generation antineoplastic drug, farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTA) for treatment of glioblastoma. Farnesylthiosalicylic acid-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-1,2 distearoyl-glycerol-3-phospho-ethanolamine-N [methoxy (PEG)-2000] ammonium salt (PLGA-DSPE-PEG) with or without 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) hybrid nanoparticles has been prepared and evaluated for in-vitro characterization. Cytotoxicity of FTA-loaded nanoparticles along with its efficacy on rat glioma-2 (RG2) cells was also evaluated both in vitro (in comparison with non-malignant cell line, L929) and in vivo. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed that all formulations prepared had smooth surface and spherical in shape. FTA and FTA-loaded nanoparticles have cytotoxic activity against RG2 glioma cell lines in cell culture studies, which further increases with addition of DOTAP. Magnetic resonance imaging and histopathologic evaluation on RG2 tumour cells in rat glioma model (49 female Wistar rats, 250-300 g) comparing intravenous and intratumoral injections of the drug have been performed and FTA-loaded nanoparticles reduced tumour size significantly in in-vivo studies, with higher efficiency of intratumoral administration than intravenous route. Farnesylthiosalicylic acid-loaded PLGA-DSPE-PEG-DOTAP hybrid nanoparticles are proven to be effective against glioblastoma in both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. © 2017 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.

Doxorubicin-mediated radiosensitivity in multicellular spheroids from a lung cancer cell line is enhanced by composite micelle encapsulation

PubMed Central

Xu, Wen-Hong; Han, Min; Dong, Qi; Fu, Zhi-Xuan; Diao, Yuan-Yuan; Liu, Hai; Xu, Jing; Jiang, Hong-Liang; Zhang, Su-Zhan; Zheng, Shu; Gao, Jian-Qing; Wei, Qi-Chun

2012-01-01

Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of composite doxorubicinloaded micelles for enhancing doxorubicin radiosensitivity in multicellular spheroids from a non-small cell lung cancer cell line. Methods A novel composite doxorubicin-loaded micelle consisting of polyethylene glycolpolycaprolactone/Pluronic P105 was developed, and carrier-mediated doxorubicin accumulation and release from multicellular spheroids was evaluated. We used confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry to study the accumulation and efflux of doxorubicin from A549 multicellular spheroids. Doxorubicin radiosensitization and the combined effects of irradiation and doxorubicin on cell migration and proliferation were compared for the different doxorubicin delivery systems. Results Confocal laser scanning microscopy and quantitative flow cytometry studies both verified that, for equivalent doxorubicin concentrations, composite doxorubicin-loaded micelles significantly enhanced cellular doxorubicin accumulation and inhibited doxorubicin release. Colony-forming assays demonstrated that composite doxorubicin-loaded micelles are radiosensitive, as shown by significantly reduced survival of cells treated by radiation + composite micelles compared with those treated with radiation + free doxorubicin or radiation alone. The multicellular spheroid migration area and growth ability verified higher radiosensitivity for the composite micelles loaded with doxorubicin than for free doxorubicin. Conclusion Our composite doxorubicin-loaded micelle was demonstrated to have radiosensitization. Doxorubicin loading in the composite micelles significantly increased its cellular uptake, improved drug retention, and enhanced its antitumor effect relative to free doxorubicin, thereby providing a novel approach for treatment of cancer. PMID:22679376

Nosebleeds (For Parents)

MedlinePlus

... nosebleed comes from the deepest part of the nose. Blood flows down the back of the throat even if the person is sitting or standing. Kids rarely have posterior nosebleeds, which happen more often in older adults, those with high blood pressure, and people who have had nose ...

Electronic Energy Meter Based on a Tunnel Magnetoresistive Effect (TMR) Current Sensor.

PubMed

Vidal, Enrique García; Muñoz, Diego Ramírez; Arias, Sergio Iván Ravelo; Moreno, Jaime Sánchez; Cardoso, Susana; Ferreira, Ricardo; Freitas, Paulo

2017-09-26

In the present work, the design and microfabrication of a tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) electrical current sensor is presented. After its physical and electrical characterization, a wattmeter is developed to determine the active power delivered to a load from the AC 50/60 Hz mains line. Experimental results are shown up to 1000 W of power load. A relative uncertainty of less than 1.5% with resistive load and less than 1% with capacitive load was obtained. The described application is an example of how TMR sensing technology can play a relevant role in the management and control of electrical energy.

Electronic Energy Meter Based on a Tunnel Magnetoresistive Effect (TMR) Current Sensor

PubMed Central

García Vidal, Enrique; Ravelo Arias, Sergio Iván; Sánchez Moreno, Jaime; Ferreira, Ricardo; Freitas, Paulo

2017-01-01

In the present work, the design and microfabrication of a tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) electrical current sensor is presented. After its physical and electrical characterization, a wattmeter is developed to determine the active power delivered to a load from the AC 50/60 Hz mains line. Experimental results are shown up to 1000 W of power load. A relative uncertainty of less than 1.5% with resistive load and less than 1% with capacitive load was obtained. The described application is an example of how TMR sensing technology can play a relevant role in the management and control of electrical energy. PMID:28954425

HB-Line Plutonium Oxide Data Collection Strategy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Watkins, R.; Varble, J.; Jordan, J.

2015-05-26

HB-Line and H-Canyon will handle and process plutonium material to produce plutonium oxide for feed to the Mixed Oxide Fuel Fabrication Facility (MFFF). However, the plutonium oxide product will not be transferred to the MFFF directly from HB-Line until it is packaged into a qualified DOE-STD-3013-2012 container. In the interim, HB-Line will load plutonium oxide into an inner, filtered can. The inner can will be placed in a filtered bag, which will be loaded into a filtered outer can. The outer can will be loaded into a certified 9975 with getter assembly in compliance with onsite transportation requirement, for subsequentmore » storage and transfer to the K-Area Complex (KAC). After DOE-STD-3013-2012 container packaging capabilities are established, the product will be returned to HB-Line to be packaged into a qualified DOE-STD-3013-2012 container. To support the transfer of plutonium oxide to KAC and then eventually to MFFF, various material and packaging data will have to be collected and retained. In addition, data from initial HB-Line processing operations will be needed to support future DOE-STD-3013-2012 qualification as amended by the HB-Line DOE Standard equivalency. As production increases, the volume of data to collect will increase. The HB-Line data collected will be in the form of paper copies and electronic media. Paper copy data will, at a minimum, consist of facility procedures, nonconformance reports (NCRs), and DCS print outs. Electronic data will be in the form of Adobe portable document formats (PDFs). Collecting all the required data for each plutonium oxide can will be no small effort for HB-Line, and will become more challenging once the maximum annual oxide production throughput is achieved due to the sheer volume of data to be collected. The majority of the data collected will be in the form of facility procedures, DCS print outs, and laboratory results. To facilitate complete collection of this data, a traveler form will be developed which identifies the required facility procedures, DCS print outs, and laboratory results needed to assemble a final data package for each HB-Line plutonium oxide interim oxide can. The data traveler may identify the specific values (data) required to be extracted from the collected facility procedures and DCS print outs. The data traveler may also identify associated criteria to be checked. Inevitably there will be procedure anomalies during the course of the HB-Line plutonium oxide campaign that will have to be addressed in a timely manner.« less

3D-FE Modeling of 316 SS under Strain-Controlled Fatigue Loading and CFD Simulation of PWR Surge Line

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mohanty, Subhasish; Barua, Bipul; Listwan, Joseph

In financial year 2017, we are focusing on developing a mechanistic fatigue model of surge line pipes for pressurized water reactors (PWRs). To that end, we plan to perform the following tasks: (1) conduct stress- and strain-controlled fatigue testing of surge-line base metal such as 316 stainless steel (SS) under constant, variable, and random fatigue loading, (2) develop cyclic plasticity material models of 316 SS, (3) develop one-dimensional (1D) analytical or closed-form model to validate the material models and to understand the mechanics associated with 316 SS cyclic hardening and/or softening, (4) develop three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models withmore » implementation of evolutionary cyclic plasticity, and (5) develop computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for thermal stratification, thermal-mechanical stress, and fatigue of example reactor components, such as a PWR surge line under plant heat-up, cool-down, and normal operation with/without grid-load-following. This semi-annual progress report presents the work completed on the above tasks for a 316 SS laboratory-scale specimen subjected to strain-controlled cyclic loading with constant, variable, and random amplitude. This is the first time that the accurate 3D-FE modeling of the specimen for its entire fatigue life, including the hardening and softening behavior, has been achieved. We anticipate that this work will pave the way for the development of a fully mechanistic-computer model that can be used for fatigue evaluation of safety-critical metallic components, which are traditionally evaluated by heavy reliance on time-consuming and costly test-based approaches. This basic research will not only help the nuclear reactor industry for fatigue evaluation of reactor components in a cost effective and less time-consuming way, but will also help other safety-related industries, such as aerospace, which is heavily dependent on test-based approaches, where a single full-scale fatigue test can cost millions of dollars and require years of effort to conduct. Toward our goal of demonstration of fully mechanistic fatigue evaluation of reactor components, we also started work on developing a component-level computer model of reactor components, such as 316 SS surge line pipe. This requires developing a thermal-mechanical stress analysis model of the reactor surge line, which, in turn, requires time-dependent temperature and stratification information along the boundary of the pipe. Toward that goal, CFD models of surge lines are being developed. In this report, we also present some preliminary results showing the temperature conditions along the surge line wall under reactor heat-up, cool-down, and steady-state power operation.« less

Monolithic microwave integrated circuit devices for active array antennas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mittra, R.

1984-01-01

Two different aspects of active antenna array design were investigated. The transition between monolithic microwave integrated circuits and rectangular waveguides was studied along with crosstalk in multiconductor transmission lines. The boundary value problem associated with a discontinuity in a microstrip line is formulated. This entailed, as a first step, the derivation of the propagating as well as evanescent modes of a microstrip line. The solution is derived to a simple discontinuity problem: change in width of the center strip. As for the multiconductor transmission line problem. A computer algorithm was developed for computing the crosstalk noise from the signal to the sense lines. The computation is based on the assumption that these lines are terminated in passive loads.

Flexible Launch Vehicle Stability Analysis Using Steady and Unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bartels, Robert E.

2012-01-01

Launch vehicles frequently experience a reduced stability margin through the transonic Mach number range. This reduced stability margin can be caused by the aerodynamic undamping one of the lower-frequency flexible or rigid body modes. Analysis of the behavior of a flexible vehicle is routinely performed with quasi-steady aerodynamic line loads derived from steady rigid aerodynamics. However, a quasi-steady aeroelastic stability analysis can be unconservative at the critical Mach numbers, where experiment or unsteady computational aeroelastic analysis show a reduced or even negative aerodynamic damping.Amethod of enhancing the quasi-steady aeroelastic stability analysis of a launch vehicle with unsteady aerodynamics is developed that uses unsteady computational fluid dynamics to compute the response of selected lower-frequency modes. The response is contained in a time history of the vehicle line loads. A proper orthogonal decomposition of the unsteady aerodynamic line-load response is used to reduce the scale of data volume and system identification is used to derive the aerodynamic stiffness, damping, and mass matrices. The results are compared with the damping and frequency computed from unsteady computational aeroelasticity and from a quasi-steady analysis. The results show that incorporating unsteady aerodynamics in this way brings the enhanced quasi-steady aeroelastic stability analysis into close agreement with the unsteady computational aeroelastic results.

Oil migration in a major growth fault: Structural analysis of the Pathfinder core, South Eugene Island Block 330, offshore Louisiana

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Losh, S.

1998-09-01

The Pathfinder core, collected in the South Eugene Island Block 330 field, offshore Louisiana, provides an outstanding sample of structures associated with a major growth fault that abuts a giant oil field and that is thought to have acted as a conduit for hydrocarbon migration into the producing reservoirs. The fault zone in the core consists of three structural domains, each characterized by a distinct rock type, distribution of fault dips and dip azimuths, and distribution of spacing between adjacent faults and fractures. Although all of the domains contain oil-bearing sands, only faults and fractures in the deepest domain containmore » oil, even though the oil-barren fault domains contain numerous faults and fractures that are parallel to those containing oil in the deepest domain. The deepest domain is also distinguished from the other two domains by a greater degree of structural complexity and by a well-defined power-law distribution of fault and fracture spacings. Even though oil is present in sands throughout the core, its restriction to faults and fractures in the youngest sampled portion of the fault zone implies that oil migrated only through that part of the fault that was active during the time when oil had access to it. The absence of oil in fractures or faults in the other, probably older, fault domains indicates that the oil was never sufficiently pressured to flow up the fault zone on its own, either by hydraulic fracture or by increased permeability as a result of decreased effective stress. Instead, fluid migration along faults and fractures in the Pathfinder core was enhanced by permeability created in response to relatively far-field stresses related to minibasin subsidence.« less

Microbial community composition and function in the Tonga Trench: from 400m below the sea surface to 9100m water depth and from 0 to 2 m below the seafloor.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leon Zayas, R. I.; Bartlett, D.; Biddle, J.

2016-12-01

Exploration of the deep ocean has expanded our understanding of oceanic ecosystems including continental margins and mid-ocean ridges, but little is known about the deepest sites on Earth, oceanic trenches. In this study, sediment and water samples were collected from the Tonga Trench at 9100m below sea level. These include four water column samples at depths of 400m, 3000m, 5000m and 9100m, and sediment samples at 0, 1, and 2 meter below the seafloor (mbsf). DNA was extracted and sequencing was performed for the recovery of metagenomic data for all samples. The analysis of the sediment samples from Tonga Trench has provided a new perspective of life in the deep ocean. The data for microbial community composition and metabolic profiles at the surface sediments, 0 mbsf, suggest that the microbes are present and taxonomically similar to the water column microbes, and perform an array of aerobic as well as anaerobic metabolisms, including degradation of organic carbon, oxidative phosphorylation, fermentation, nitrate reduction and sulfur oxidation among others. On the other hand, at 1 and 2 mbsf, the microbial community has diminished richness and diversity when compared to 0 mbsf and is potentially environmentally degraded due to the lack of quality data recoverable. Tonga Trench water column metagenomes are compared to other deep and hadal environments to better understand how different geographical locations, water masses and depth affect microbial community composition, distribution and metabolic potential. To our knowledge, this is the deepest metagenome analyzed to date (9100m), presenting an unprecedented look at one of the deepest environments on our planet.

Gravity field over the Sea of Galilee: Evidence for a composite basin along a transform fault

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ben-Avraham, Z.; ten Brink, Uri S.; Bell, R.; Reznikov, M.

1996-01-01

The Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret) is located at the northern portion of the Kinneret-Bet Shean basin, in the northern Dead Sea transform. Three hundred kilometers of continuous marine gravity data were collected in the lake and integrated with land gravity data to a distance of more than 20 km around the lake. Analyses of the gravity data resulted in a free-air anomaly map, a variable density Bouguer anomaly map, and a horizontal first derivative map of the Bouguer anomaly. These maps, together with gravity models of profiles across the lake and the area south of it, were used to infer the geometry of the basins in this region and the main faults of the transform system. The Sea of Galilee can be divided into two units. The southern half is a pull-apart that extends to the Kinarot Valley, south of the lake, whereas the northern half was formed by rotational opening and transverse normal faults. The deepest part of the basinal area is located well south of the deepest bathymetric depression. This implies that the northeastern part of the lake, where the bathymetry is the deepest, is a young feature that is actively subsiding now. The pull-apart basin is almost symmetrical in the southern part of the lake and in the Kinarot Valley south of the lake. This suggests that the basin here is bounded by strike-slip faults on both sides. The eastern boundary fault extends to the northern part of the lake, while the western fault does not cross the northern part. The main factor controlling the structural complexity of this area is the interaction of the Dead Sea transform with a subperpendicular fault system and rotated blocks.

WEPPCAT: An Online tool for assessing and managing the potential impacts of climate change on sediment loading to streams using the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) Model

EPA Science Inventory

WEPPCAT is an on-line tool that provides a flexible capability for creating user-determined climate change scenarios for assessing the potential impacts of climate change on sediment loading to streams using the USDA’s Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) Model. In combination...

49 CFR 178.345-9 - Pumps, piping, hoses and connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... greater of 120 psig or 4.8 times the MAWP of the cargo tank, and must be designed so that there will be no... sufficient strength, or be protected by a sacrificial device, such that any load applied by loading/unloading or charging lines connected to the cargo tank cannot cause damage resulting in loss of lading from...

49 CFR 178.345-9 - Pumps, piping, hoses and connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... greater of 120 psig or 4.8 times the MAWP of the cargo tank, and must be designed so that there will be no... sufficient strength, or be protected by a sacrificial device, such that any load applied by loading/unloading or charging lines connected to the cargo tank cannot cause damage resulting in loss of lading from...

49 CFR 178.345-9 - Pumps, piping, hoses and connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... greater of 120 psig or 4.8 times the MAWP of the cargo tank, and must be designed so that there will be no... sufficient strength, or be protected by a sacrificial device, such that any load applied by loading/unloading or charging lines connected to the cargo tank cannot cause damage resulting in loss of lading from...

49 CFR 178.345-9 - Pumps, piping, hoses and connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... greater of 120 psig or 4.8 times the MAWP of the cargo tank, and must be designed so that there will be no... sufficient strength, or be protected by a sacrificial device, such that any load applied by loading/unloading or charging lines connected to the cargo tank cannot cause damage resulting in loss of lading from...

Slotted Antenna with Anisotropic Magnetic Loading

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-26

10 SLOTTED ANTENNA WITH ANISOTROPIC MAGNETIC LOADING STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST [0001] The invention described herein may be manufactured...is directed to a slotted antenna having enhanced broadband characteristics. (2) Description of the Prior Art [0004] Slotted cylinder antennas are...popular antennas for use in line of sight communications systems, especially where the carrier frequency exceeds 300 MHz. FIG. 1 provides a diagram

Unsteady load on an oscillating Kaplan turbine runner

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Puolakka, O.; Keto-Tokoi, J.; Matusiak, J.

2013-02-01

A Kaplan turbine runner oscillating in turbine waterways is subjected to a varying hydrodynamic load. Numerical simulation of the related unsteady flow is time-consuming and research is very limited. In this study, a simplified method based on unsteady airfoil theory is presented for evaluation of the unsteady load for vibration analyses of the turbine shaft line. The runner is assumed to oscillate as a rigid body in spin and axial heave, and the reaction force is resolved into added masses and dampings. The method is applied on three Kaplan runners at nominal operating conditions. Estimates for added masses and dampings are considered to be of a magnitude significant for shaft line vibration. Moderate variation in the added masses and minor variation in the added dampings is found in the frequency range of interest. Reference results for added masses are derived by solving the boundary value problem for small motions of inviscid fluid using the finite element method. Good correspondence is found in the added mass estimates of the two methods. The unsteady airfoil method is considered accurate enough for design purposes. Experimental results are needed for validation of unsteady load analyses.

Cross-Priming of Naive Cd8 T Cells against Melanoma Antigens Using Dendritic Cells Loaded with Killed Allogeneic Melanoma Cells

PubMed Central

Berard, Frederic; Blanco, Patrick; Davoust, Jean; Neidhart-Berard, Eve-Marie; Nouri-Shirazi, Mahyar; Taquet, Nicolas; Rimoldi, Donata; Cerottini, Jean Charles; Banchereau, Jacques; Palucka, A. Karolina

2000-01-01

The goal of tumor immunotherapy is to elicit immune responses against autologous tumors. It would be highly desirable that such responses include multiple T cell clones against multiple tumor antigens. This could be obtained using the antigen presenting capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) and cross-priming. That is, one could load the DC with tumor lines of any human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) type to elicit T cell responses against the autologous tumor. In this study, we show that human DCs derived from monocytes and loaded with killed melanoma cells prime naive CD45RA+CD27+CD8+ T cells against the four shared melanoma antigens: MAGE-3, gp100, tyrosinase, and MART-1. HLA-A201+ naive T cells primed by DCs loaded with HLA-A201− melanoma cells are able to kill several HLA-A201+ melanoma targets. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte priming towards melanoma antigens is also obtained with cells from metastatic melanoma patients. This demonstration of cross-priming against shared tumor antigens builds the basis for using allogeneic tumor cell lines to deliver tumor antigens to DCs for vaccination protocols. PMID:11104796